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of these instruments usually have the reed placed on top so that it vibrates against the upper lip when played. The surviving chalumeaux were made between the beginning of the eighteenth century and about 1760 by five known instrument makers including J.C. Denner, W. Kress, Liebau, Klenig, and Muller. Of these instruments, there is one soprano and one bass chalumeau, several tenor and alto chalumeaux, and one rare chalumeau d’amour. The chalumeau d’amour has a bulbous bell like its rare contemporary the
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clarinet, and the chalumeau register on the clarinet eventually rendered the chalumeau itself superfluous. The limited range and modest strength of sound compared with the clarinet made the chalumeau increasingly impractical. By 1800, the chalumeau had disappeared from the repertoire entirely and the clarinet was well-established on the
European musical scene.
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These improvements are attributed to J.C. Denner, but may have also been an invention of his son Jacob Denner who was trained by his father. Another son, Johann David, helped with the business but is not recorded as an instrument builder. The
Denners were the only instrument builders to produce both
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About ten original chalumeaux are extant, but modern craftsmen produce replicas based on these original instruments. Of the original instruments, most are made of boxwood and all feature two keys placed opposite each other to be played by the thumb and first finger of the left hand. The mouthpieces
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Over a period of about 20 years, the clarinet became distinguishable from the chalumeau due to a number of structural improvements. The first and most important development was the displacement of the rear key up towards the mouthpiece. Denner also reduced the size of the hole and inserted a small
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made improvements to the chalumeau, eventually developing it into the
Baroque clarinet. The chalumeau is distinguished by two keys (thought to be added by Denner), which cover tone holes drilled diametrically to each other. The position of these tone holes prohibits the instrument from overblowing,
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register, as opposed to the lower chalumeau register. In its early development, the clarinet could not be tuned across the range of the instrument, so the chalumeau was still used for music in the lower range. Later developments in the key work allowed better intonation throughout the range of the
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dictionaries in the sixteenth century use the word to refer to various types of simple, idioglot reed-pipes all with tone holes. The heteroglot style reed (detached from the reed-plant's sidewall) was later adopted in the seventeenth and into the eighteenth centuries. These single-pipe instruments
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wrote extensively for all sizes of chalumeaux and featured the instrument, often in groups of two or three, in numerous
Ouverture-Suites, Concertos, Church Cantatas and Trio Sonatas. During the brief revival of chalumeau after 1760, Florian Gassmann included a chalumeau part in two pieces, and
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in
Amsterdam published a set of duets for two chalumeaux in 1706 (prior to the first duets for clarinet). And in 1716, the same publisher released six volumes of duets for chalumeaux. In the first decades of the eighteenth century, the chalumeau was especially popular in the
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The chalumeau sounds much lower than one might expect, due to the acoustical nature of a cylindrical stopped pipe. It has an intimate, cantabile-like quality – as opposed to the trumpet-like sound of the
Baroque clarinet – and is very similar to the sound of speaking.
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chalumeau parts were included in several ballets in the 1770s. But later renditions of these pieces transposed the chalumeau parts to clarinet or flute. The chalumeau was often included in music dictionaries until the early nineteenth century.
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Present day makers of replica chalumeaux include Peter van der Poel, Andreas Schöni, R. Tutz, François Masson, and
Guntram Wolf. Other makers, including Tupian, Hahl, and Kunath, produce modern adaptations of the chalumeau.
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The use of the chalumeau originated in France and later spread to
Germany by the late seventeenth century. By 1700, the chalumeau was an established instrument on the European musical scene. Around this time, well-known
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from earliest single-reed instruments, in which the sounding-reed and fingerholes were cut into the plant stem. In late 17th, early 18th century became a detached single-reed mounted on an instrument body of
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The name 'chalumeau' is used by
European organ-builders to denote an eight-foot short-resonator organ stop used for color effects. This was first encountered in the organ of the
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tube to facilitate overblowing, greatly increasing the range of the instrument to nearly three octaves. The instrument was also lengthened to increase accuracy of tuning, the
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410:, as evidenced by chalumeau parts in over forty operas and oratorios, and the Denners had many orders for chalumeaux from royalty all over Europe. Composers
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Chalumeau, illustrated in Marin
Mersenne's Dictionary of 1636. These are stalks of wheat with attached (idioglott) reeds and fingerholes in the plant's stem.
372:, and a key on the lower joint was eventually added to sound a b’. This new instrument eventually became the Baroque clarinet and specialized in the higher
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limiting its range to only twelve notes. In order to counteract the limited range, multiple sizes of chalumeau were produced ranging from bass to soprano.
260:. It has a cylindrical bore with eight tone holes (seven in front and one in back for the thumb) and a broad mouthpiece with a single heteroglot reed (
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between 1732 and 1736. Silbermann was so pleased with the sound of this new invention that he included it in most of his later organs.
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This article is about the historical musical instrument. For the register on the clarinet that is named for this instrument, see
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532:. The mock trumpet predated the chalumeau and may be one of the primary predecessors of both the chalumeau and clarinet.
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first begins to appear in writing during the 1630s, but may have been in use as early as the twelfth century. Several
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separate, not a continuous part of the instrument's body) made of cane. Similar to the clarinet, the chalumeau
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Composers initially favored the chalumeau, but the clarinet soon overtook it in repertoire and ubiquity.
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probably evolved from earlier multiple-pipe instruments through the abandonment of the drone tube. (See
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wrote for the chalumeau but chalumeau parts were not common in the second half of the century.
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Delicacy, sentimentality and intimacy: the chalumeau as 'signifier' - Ingrid Elizabeth Pearson
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eras. The chalumeau is a folk instrument that is the predecessor to the modern-day
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Chart of the eight historical chalumeaux that are still in existence today.
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The range of chalumeaux including bass, tenor, alto, and soprano examples.
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folk instruments with single, cylindrical tubes are found in many
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In England, by 1698 a similar instrument was known as the
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was created and sold by Yamaha Corporation in 2017.
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Woodwind instrument; predecessor of modern clarinet
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501:cultures throughout history. Examples include the
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586:Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary
768:List of works featuring the Chalumeau at IMSLP
588:. New York: Doubleday add Company. p. 87.
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687:. New York, NY: Taplinger Publishing Company.
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606:. Buchloe: Druck und Verlag Obermayer GmbH.
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672:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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279:Chalumeau by Klenig (early 1700s), M141
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638:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
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287:: There is no reed on this instrument.
85:with cylindrical bore and fingerholes)
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395:Museum musicum theoreticalo practicum
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1136:Category:Clarinetists by nationality
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584:Marcuse, Sibyl (1964). "Chalumeau".
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547:. A similar instrument called the
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604:The Clarinet: A Cultural History
535:A similar instrument called the
456:Historical and modern chalumeaux
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75:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
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357:Johann Christoph (J.C.) Denner
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723:Dart, Thurston (July 1953).
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731:The Galpin Society Journal
381:chalumeaux and clarinets.
343:is discussed in detail at
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49:A Modern School Chalumeau
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1022:Jupiter Band Instruments
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1444:Single-reed instruments
992:Johann Christoph Denner
977:Backun Musical Services
561:Frauenkirche at Dresden
385:Music for the chalumeau
1042:Schwenk & Seggelke
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1103:Clarinet-violin-piano
898:Quarter tone clarinet
634:Hoeprich, E. (2008).
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393:Fingering chart from
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83:single-reed aerophone
32:Clarinet § Range
1208:Heckelphone-clarinet
1113:Clarinet-cello-piano
1108:Clarinet-viola-piano
888:Contrabass clarinets
883:Contra-alto clarinet
781:at Wikimedia Commons
670:the Baroque Clarinet
565:Gottfried Silbermann
1012:Leitner & Kraus
997:Benedikt Eppelsheim
699:"Tupian Chalumeaus"
668:Rice, A.R. (1992).
602:Birsak, K. (1994).
485:Similar instruments
473:and the modern-day
337:Similar instruments
246:woodwind instrument
100:Related instruments
56:Woodwind instrument
39:
1304:Reclam de xeremies
1057:Yamaha Corporation
908:Clarinette d'amour
726:"The Mock Trumpet"
683:Kroll, O. (1968).
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234:[ʃa.ly.mo]
154:Reclam de xeremies
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1052:Herbert Wurlitzer
1017:Howarth of London
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703:Tupian Chalumeaus
355:instrument maker
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248:of the late
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170:Sound sample
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1418:Sarune Etek
1385:South Asian
1376:Dili tuiduk
1185:instruments
1183:Single reed
1037:Adolphe Sax
1032:Iwan Müller
1002:Stephen Fox
972:Amati-Denak
913:Basset horn
491:single-reed
243:single-reed
160:, zammara,
130:dili tuiduk
1438:Categories
868:) clarinet
862:Soprano (B
779:Chalumeaux
571:References
543:craftsman
418:brothers,
252:and early
239:chalumeaux
18:Chalumeaux
1279:Launeddas
1259:Chalumeau
1218:Saxophone
893:Saxonette
416:Bononcini
353:Nuremberg
341:etymology
328:chalumeau
326:The word
266:overblows
254:classical
237:; plural
196:English:
191:chalumeau
142:launeddas
90:Developed
79:422.211.2
68:aerophone
38:Chalumeau
1319:Zhaleika
1274:Hornpipe
1269:Ganurags
1242:European
1223:Tárogató
1198:Clarinet
865:♭
857:clarinet
854:♭
846:clarinet
843:♭
824:Clarinet
541:Hawaiian
515:hornpipe
499:European
489:Similar
440:Graupner
432:Telemann
424:de Rossi
366:recorder
258:clarinet
113:clarinet
1413:Pey pok
1345:Dozaleh
1289:Pibgorn
1264:Diplica
1254:Birbynė
1233:Xaphoon
1213:Octavin
1066:Related
1027:Leblanc
537:xaphoon
519:pibgorn
511:diplica
503:albogue
428:Vivaldi
420:Zelenka
397:, 1732.
374:clarino
292:History
270:twelfth
250:baroque
241:) is a
230:French:
162:zummara
134:dozaleh
126:diplica
1423:Toleat
1371:Bülban
1350:Mijwiz
1335:Arghul
1294:Pilili
1249:Alboka
1228:Venova
1191:Modern
1047:Selmer
954:Oehler
949:Müller
944:Mazzeo
929:Albert
751:841715
749:
708:24 May
549:venova
521:, and
507:alboka
495:Arabic
414:, the
332:French
150:pilili
146:mijwiz
122:arghul
1397:Pungi
1355:Sipsi
1309:Sipsi
934:Boehm
747:JSTOR
555:Notes
523:sipsi
436:Hasse
158:sipsi
138:cifte
94:wood.
1392:Pepa
710:2017
497:and
434:and
370:oboe
262:i.e.
189:The
1299:Pku
739:doi
525:.
513:,
509:,
505:,
412:Fux
347:.)
1440::
745:.
733:.
729:.
701:.
644:^
612:^
594:^
517:,
477:.
430:,
426:,
422:,
285:NB
272:.
268:a
228:;
221:oʊ
156:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
120::
111::
1175:e
1168:t
1161:v
851:E
840:A
816:e
809:t
802:v
753:.
741::
735:6
712:.
224:/
218:m
215:ə
212:l
209:æ
206:ʃ
203:ˈ
200:/
193:(
81:(
34:.
20:)
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