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were replaced by captured German 6-cylinder 200 CV (150 kW) Mercedes engines allowing for a top speed of 12 km/h (7.5 mph). These original engines wore out quickly and were eventually in turn replaced by two 250 CV (180 kW) Maybach engines, 16,950 cc, which rendered a maximum speed of 15 km/h (9.3 mph). A corridor, tall enough for a crewman to stand upright, ran between the engines, allowing two electricians to constantly attend the complex apparatus. Seven fuel tanks, four to the left and three to the right, containing 1,260 litres, gave it a range of 150 kilometres. The suspension contained thirty-nine interleaving road wheels on each side, making for a total of ninety wheels on the tank. Designed to negotiate the challenging terrain of trench warfare, the type had in principle excellent mobility. The char 2C could cross a trench 4.25 metres wide, enough to pass the typical canal sluices in northern France. A vertical obstacle could be climbed of 170 centimetres and a slope of 70%. The wading capacity was 140 centimetres. Ground clearance was sixty centimetres. The
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alliance between
Estienne and Mourret to bring about a reversal of this decision. While Thomas was visiting Russia, Mourret surreptitiously ordered a restart of the tank projects. On his return an enraged Thomas caused Mourret to be fired, removing Estienne's greatest rival. Meanwhile, there were unexplained delays in the delivery of the engines and the gearbox by Renault. On 5 June, FCM could only take note that the promised pieces had not arrived yet. On 24 June the ministry of armament complained about the situation. On 13 August Breton was told by Renault personally that it would take at least another three weeks. A possible explanation of the delays might be a decision by Renault to give priority to other projects. During a meeting of the CCAS on 18 October, Moritz at last announced that trials could begin on 20 November. In that meeting Estienne was critical of heavy tanks: "the infantry has as much need of large tanks, as it needs 400 mm cannon; it has need of small tanks, as much as it needs 37 mm and machine-guns".
366:. At the time, French industry was very active in lobbying for defence orders, using their connections with high-placed officials and officers to obtain commissions; development contracts could be very profitable even when not resulting in actual production, as they were fully paid for by the state. The French Army had no stated requirement for a heavy tank, and there was no official policy to procure one. Hence, the decision seemed to have been taken solely on his personal authority. The reason he later gave was that the British tanks then in development by a naval committee seemed to be better devised as regarded lay-out, ventilation and fire protection, so a shipyard might improve on existing French designs. Exact specifications, if they ever existed, have been lost. FCM then largely neglected the project, apart from reaping the financial benefits. At that time, all tank projects were highly secret, and thereby shielded from public scrutiny.
456:, CCAS) had been created on 13 December 1916 and met for the first time on 17 December. During this first session it was reported that Renault and FCM were cooperating on a heavy tank project of thirty tonnes. Estienne on this occasion stressed that production should be "orientated towards small types and very large types". During the next meeting on 30 December, Estienne was surprised to discover that for no clear reasons a 105 mm gun was planned; he himself preferred a 75 mm gun. Estienne was absent on the crucial meeting of 17 January, but by letter informed the committee that he found the project satisfactory and agreed with the quick construction of two prototypes; he stated his preference for a 75 mm over a 105 mm gun.
438:, commander of the new tank force, the Assault Artillery, was closely cooperating with Renault in the development of the Renault FT, and by this was well informed of the other tank project. Estienne feared that production of heavy tanks would use all available production facilities, making procurement of the - much more practical - Renault FT light tank impossible. He was not averse to the production of heavy tanks but only in a limited number and provided it did not impede the manufacture of light tanks. In November Mourret argued that all available resources should be concentrated into heavy tank production and development of the Renault FT halted. Alarmed, Estienne wrote to the Commander-in-Chief, General
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of its time; it was received very favourably, also because of the enthusiastic report by Breton, and a consensus began to form that the project was most promising and a potential "war-winner". It featured a 105 mm gun in a turret and had a proposed weight of 38 tons, as well as 35 mm armour. The committee decided to have two prototypes developed, one with an electrical transmission, the other with a hydraulic transmission. In this period, both the French and
British military had become aware of severe mobility and steering problems with heavy tracked vehicles; the French designs paralleled extensive British experiments with all kinds of improved tank transmissions to solve them.
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and finally a large engine compartment at the rear. The last was enlarged at both sides over the tracks, to create room for long rectangular fuel tanks. The front of the hull followed the profile of the tall climbing faces of the tracks and therefore gradually curved upwards, ending in a high vertical nose plate. The glacis plate behind it was oriented almost horizontally and connected at its rear to the vertical top front plate of the driver compartment. As the turret ring was larger than the width of the hull, it partly rested on rounded lateral extensions. The turret was a truncated cone with a roof sloping down to the front, so that in side view its profile was wedge-shaped.
467:. Thomas answered on 5 February that there was no danger of this; anyway he had just happened to affirm on 1 February the policy of General Mourret, who had already ordered the simultaneous development of three prototypes: the lightened 30-tonne "A" version, 6.92 metres long, with a 75 mm gun, to fulfil the original order of 20 October; the 45-tonne "B" version with a longer hull (7.39 metres), armed with a 75 mm gun and two machine guns, and the 62-ton "C" version 9.31 meters long with a 75 mm gun. Nivelle's misgivings were reinforced by inquiries from a parliamentary financial commission led by
33:
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860:. However, fifteen kilometres south of Neufchâteau near the Meuse-sur-Meuse station, in a curve of the railway, the track was blocked by a blazing fuel train, while other trains jammed the exit to the rear. Due to the curve, it was impossible to unload the tanks. To prevent a capture of the matériel by the enemy, it was ordered to destroy the vehicles. Charges were placed and the fuel pipes cut. The gasoline was lit and the tanks exploded around 19:00. The crews escaped to the south. The wrecks were subsequently discovered by the
442:, on 27 November 1916 defending the light tank concept. He admitted that "colossal landships" might in certain circumstances have their uses, but claimed that while it was as yet unproven that a workable heavy type could be developed, let alone produced in sufficient numbers by French industry, it would be folly not to give priority to light tanks that could be constructed without delay. He insisted that Joffre use all his influence to bring about the cancellation of the heavy tank project.
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617:"Liberty" heavy tank if France had made at least a token effort to produce its own heavy tanks. Thus the French authorities had to delay the project while outwardly endorsing it. Estienne had already set this course by choosing the heaviest version, the "C", for production, requiring a completely new prototype, causing a considerable delay. Then PĂ©tain demanded unreasonably high production numbers, thus delaying planning and initiating a political row.
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449:, had committed himself openly to Mourret's cause and did not dare to retract support now. Joffre advised Estienne that he would make sure that the Renault FT would not be cancelled, and since heavy tank development would take such a long time it would not - for the immediate future - get in the way of light tank production. There would surely be no harm in allowing some prototypes to be built.
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10 in). It was also the first tank with protection against artillery HE rounds: the front hull was protected by 35 mm (1.38 in) thick armour plate as was the turret. The sides and rear were 21 mm (0.83 in) plate, the top and roof 15 mm (0.6 in). Total weight was 41.4 tonnes, of which 5.5 tonnes of hull armour and 1.3 tonnes of turret armour.
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Without tail, the hull length was 10.37 metres (34 ft 0 in), the width 2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in), the height 3.8 metres (12 ft 6 in). With the main turret cupola, normally detached for transport, in place the overall height was 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in). The long track to relatively narrow width hampered steering and its manoeuvrability.
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turret roof and operating on an elevated level compared to the hull machine gunners below. The rear turret was made of 22 mm thick plate. Three independent 8 mm machine guns all in ballmounts, one at each side and one to the right of the driver at the front, gave protection against infantry assault. The machinegun ammunition load was 9,504 rounds.
471:. A plan by Breton to immediately order fifty vehicles more or less identical to the mock-up was therefore rejected. The 1 February order of two additional prototypes was confirmed by the CCAS on 7 February. Eventually the "FCM 1A" would be developed with a 105 mm gun and the "FCM 1B" would use a petrol-mechanical transmission.
613:, the new High Commander of the French Army, asked Estienne to use his position to end the project. Estienne told PĂ©tain that this was ill-advised while the public was questioning why these heavy tanks had not been produced. Besides, the British and the US would only consent to give France 700 of the new jointly designed
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turret. The howitzer had a muzzle velocity of 200 m/s. New engines of the
Soutter-Harlé type were fitted and the three independent machine gun positions deleted. In this configuration the tank weighed perhaps 74 tons. The change was only temporary though, as the vehicle was brought back into its
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of 550 m/s (1,800 ft/s), and the second, at the rear of the tank, was topped by a machine-gun turret armed with a
Hotchkiss 8 mm. The front turret, made of 35 mm plates, was placed so high that its crew had to climb into it by means of a ladder, sitting on seats suspended from the
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on 21 and 22 December. Mourret had been replaced as head of the commission by
Estienne; British and American observers were present. The FCM 1A, with its futuristic appearance, made an excellent impression on those present. Moritz demonstrated that the vehicle was effortlessly capable of crossing 3.5
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of 240 m/s (790 ft/s). The large hull allowed for a large ammunition stock of 122 rounds. The commander pointed the gun by observing the target through a vane sight, fitted on the turret roof, from his rectangular "cupola". There were two
Hotchkiss 8 mm machine-guns in fixed ball-mount
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The hull of the FCM 1A was very elongated, in order to cross wide trenches. It was more-or-less compartmentalised into four sections, but these were not separated by bulkheads: a relatively short driver compartment at the front, a fighting compartment with a turret at its top, a larger munitions room
498:
IT was the largest tank built until that date. It had a length of 8.35 m (27 ft 5 in), a width of 2.84 m (9 ft 4 in), a hull height of 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in), a turret roof height of 2.785 m (9 ft 1.6 in) with cupola included 3 m (9 ft
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on 13 January 1917, who was much impressed and developed a keen interest in the project. The design was presented to the
Consultative Committee of the Assault Artillery on 16 and 17 January 1917, after the basic concept had been approved on 30 December. This proposed tank was the most advanced design
331:
Ten tanks were built in 1921. Although remaining operational, their value at the start of World War II was largely propagandistic. After
Germany broke through French defences in June 1940, they were sent away from the front to preserve them. They were unable to reach safety and deliberately destroyed
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The tank required a crew of twelve: driver, commander, gunner, loader, four machine gunners, mechanic, electrician, assistant-electrician/mechanic and a radio operator. Some sources report thirteen, probably due to pictures of the crews that included the company commander. The assistant-mechanic was
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The fighting compartments were connected by the engine room. In the design four engines had been planned but this was reduced to two, each track being powered by its own engine via an electrical transmission. The first engines were of the Chenu type, of 210 CV (150 kW) each. In 1923, these
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to build a 600-tonne tank with 250 mm armour. At FCM, Jammy and
Savatier finished the char 2C prototype, the other nine tanks being built almost simultaneously; all ten were delivered in 1921 and modified by the factory until 1923. They would be the last French tanks to be produced for the home
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and run over a 35 centimetre thick one. A speed of 6 km/h was attained. The main problem was that it proved difficult to steer the tank due to its extreme track length and insufficient chain link profile. The track would easily slip when braked, though it was on no occasion thrown. The aircraft
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to deliver some Mark Is to France but had received no answer. Concluding, correctly, that no such deliveries would materialise, on 23 January 1917 he ordered that French tanks should be developed that were faster, and more powerfully armed and armoured than any
British vehicle. He specified a weight
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On 17 November, Moritz, introducing to the CCAS the forthcoming presentation of the FCM 1A prototype, explained it was a test bed that did not exactly correspond to the original "A version" specifications. The company, in its efforts to get a vehicle ready as soon as possible, had built a prototype
474:
At first, progress with the FCM 1A prototype was satisfactory. Moritz was assured by Renault in January 1917 that the desired 200 CV (150 kW) engines were reliable and would pose no danger to the project. Moritz predicted that the first prototype would be ready by 1 May 1917. On 10 April
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became known, tanks offered a new hope of final victory. The French public wanted to know about their own national tank projects and French politicians, up til then not having been greatly involved in them and leaving the matter to the military, were also interested. This sudden attention greatly
671:
The char 2C had a loaded weight of 69 tonnes, partly because of its armour, which was among the thickest of World War I-era tanks, but mostly because of its huge size. It is the largest tank ever taken into production. With the tail fitted, the hull was over 12 m (39 ft 4 in) long.
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strategy causing a quarrel to erupt between Clemenceau, who was both Prime Minister and Minister of War, and Loucheur, the Minister of Armament, who felt it was impossible to provide the labour and steel required. Meanwhile, Estienne and PĂ©tain complicated the issue with further demands. PĂ©tain
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light tank. This work had not, however, stopped them from considering other tank types. Renault, always expecting his employees to provide new ideas instantly, had by this attitude encouraged the team to take a proactive stance – setting a pattern that would last until 1940 – and to have various
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The ten tanks were part of several consecutive units, their organic strength at one time reduced to three. Their military value slowly decreased as more advanced tanks were developed throughout the 1920s and 1930s. By the end of the 1930s they were largely obsolete, because their slow speed and
506:
Originally a crew of seven had been planned, but in December 1917 this had been reduced to six: the commander in the left of the turret aimed the gun; a second man in the right of the turret who combined the functions of gunner, machine-gunner and loader; a standing assistant-loader handing new
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began, although it had tactical successes it failed to deal a strategic defeat on German forces and the first use of French tanks led to heavy losses (76 of the 128 combat tanks engaged were lost); in reaction Thomas ordered all tank production and projects to be ended. This led to an emergency
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The char 2C was the only super-heavy tank ever to attain operational status – a super-heavy tank is not simply a tank that is very heavy but one that has been deliberately made much heavier than regular tanks of its period. The next operational tank in weight would be the 70-tonne German
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as a solution to the problems of direct vision from a tank. An inner cylindrical frame carried thick glass vision blocks. Around this was a thick (30mm) armoured shell pierced with narrow slots spaced evenly. In use an electric motor spun the outer shell at such a speed that, due to
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engine tended to overheat and its basic lack of power resulted in a maximum 65% climbing slope. Though the first shortened 105 mm Schneider cannon had been received in October, the first live firing tests were only held on 5 and 7 February 1918, with satisfactory results.
823:. They were used instead for numerous morale-boosting movies, in which they were often shown climbing and crushing old French forts. To the public, they obtained the reputation of invincible super tanks, the imagined dimensions of which far surpassed the actual particulars.
463:. In late January Nivelle learned of the heavy tank project from Estienne. He was much more alarmed than Joffre had been. On 29 January he wrote a letter to Thomas, making clear that under no circumstances could the project be allowed to impede production of the
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At first, the production order for the char 2C was cancelled. Despite the end of hostilities, however, strong political pressure to adopt new heavy tank projects remained, as there was now a considerable surplus capacity in the heavy industry. To stop this, the
552:. It was less cramped than earlier designs; the crew could walk, slightly crouching, throughout the hull. The mechanic could access the engine from both sides, and the commander could communicate with the driver, the front machine-gunner and the mechanic via
836:, breached the French lines after 10 June 1940, the decision was made to prevent the capture of the famous equipment. On 12 June 1940 the order was given to send the tanks south by rail transport. The broken down tanks N° 92 and 95 were destroyed, at
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to spend fifty million French francs to construct a hundred FCM 1As, the first fifteen to be delivered from July 1918 onwards, in order to have a strength of eighty vehicles on 31 December. However, Clemenceau would leave the decision to Estienne.
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In the prototype, a single Renault 220-metric-horsepower (160 kW) engine was installed, giving a maximum speed of 10 km/h (6.2 mph) and a minimum speed of 2 km/h (1.2 mph). The transmission was mechanical, using a disc
852:. As no orders had been received regarding their destination, they remained at this spot during the 14th, being bombed in the early afternoon but without incurring any damage. In the late afternoon, an order arrived to send the tanks to
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kinds of contingency studies ready for the occasion, including a feasibility study for a heavy tank. This fortunate circumstance allowed a full-size wooden mockup to be constructed in a remarkably quick time. It was visited by the
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to assist FCM in the development of a suitable heavy vehicle; this request Renault obliged. Even before knowing what the exact nature of the project would be, on 20 October Mourret ordered one prototype to be built by FCM.
679:
The armour thickness was 30 mm at the front, 22 mm at the sides, 13 mm at the top and 10 mm at the bottom. In 1930 and 1931, the vehicles were rebuilt with a frontal armour of 45 mm (1.8 in).
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Its large size and weight made transportation difficult reducing strategic manoeuvrability. To move the tanks by rail they had to be slung between two (specially built) rail wagons; a process that took around four hours.
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that was largely based on the original mock-up and so much closer to the "B"-concept, albeit with a 105 mm gun and a petrol-mechanical transmission; hydraulic transmission had been abandoned by the CCAS on 10 May.
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on instigation of Estienne decided in April 1919 to procure ten char 2Cs after all, and use this as an argument to reject any other projects. This was not completely successful; as late as 1920 it was proposed to the
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alarmed Mourret, who promptly investigated the progress that had been made at FCM and was shocked to find there was none. On 30 September, he personally took control of the project. On 12 October, knowing that the
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positions; reserve machine-guns or pistols could be fired through five vertical slits that could be plugged: one at the rear of the turret, two at the turret sides and two at the hull sides below the turret rear.
886:, was nevertheless captured more or less intact and brought to Berlin to be exhibited as a war trophy until disappearing in 1948. After the war, rumours circulated that this vehicle had been transported to the
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Within its ample frame there was room for two fighting compartments. The forward compartment was crowned by a three-man turret – the first such in history – mounting a shortened 75 mm field gun of the
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driving the tracks through a rear sprocket. The suspension was leaf sprung bogies of four wheels each with alternating external and internal flanges. The tracks, 600 mm (24 in) wide, gave a
434:
In January 1917, the Ministry of Armament proposed building three weight classes of tanks: light, medium, and heavy tanks, the latter class corresponding to the new project. However, brigadier
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metre wide trenches, climb ninety centimetre high walls and descend into, and climb out of again, six metres wide and four metres deep craters. In woods, it could break a 28 centimetre thick
445:
Joffre answered that Estienne was no doubt correct in his tactical and organisational analysis, but that political backing of the heavy tank was simply too strong. The Minister of Armament,
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a suspension featuring forty-five road wheels, six main bogies and nine top rollers, and four engines of 110 CV (81 kW) combined with a petro-electrical transmission
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to make it immune to standard German antitank guns. The front armour was enhanced to 90 mm, the side to 65 mm. In this configuration, weighing about 75 tons, the
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concluded that the FCM 1A seemed a powerful combat vehicle capable of having an important negative effect on enemy morale. Already on 30 December, minister of munitions
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with a suspension featuring thirty road wheels, five main bogies and six top rollers, using a new 380 CV (280 kW) engine and a petro-hydraulic transmission
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asked for special pontoons, and Estienne demanded battering rams and electronic mine detectors to be fixed. When the war ended, not a single tank had been built.
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a suspension featuring twenty-nine double road wheels, four main bogies and five top rollers, powered by two Renault 200 metric horsepower (150 kW) engines
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rounds to the loader – at first two of these had been seen as necessary; a driver; a front machine-gunner; and a mechanic who doubled as a rear machine-gunner.
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was 400 mm (16 in). The design deliberately had no overhanging front or rear sections, which had greatly hampered the mobility of the earlier French
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516:, a 105 mm shortened to reduce its recoil to fit into a turret. It fired a HE shell with 4 kg (8 lb 13 oz) of explosives at a
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or electrical lights. The tank could be entered through the turret cupola, but each crew-member also had escape hatches above or below him.
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On 20 December 1917 the first prototype was ready to be shown to an investigating commission of the CCAS, with actual trials being held at
1994:
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seated to the front right of the rear fighting compartment, over an escape hatch, and the radio operator was seated at the front left.
556:. External communications were the responsibility of the mechanic, who could open a small hatch just behind the turret to signal using
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Malmassari, Paul (2013). "Les Maxi-Chars au-delà du Char Lourd, 1re partie – 1916-1927: Du char de rupture au char de forteresse".
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tanks. The tank could overcome a 1-metre-high (3.3 ft) vertical obstacle and cross a trench 3.5 m (11 ft) wide.
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but not deployed until after the war. It was, in total volume or physical dimensions, the largest operational tank ever made.
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myth was accepted as an authentic event by contemporary writers and later repeated in many postwar sources. One tank, the
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company had some months earlier made several proposals to build a heavy tracked mortar which had been rejected, he begged
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The origins of the Char 2C have always been shrouded in a certain mystery. In the summer of 1916, likely in July, General
815:. As their main value was in propaganda, the giants were kept carefully out of harm's way and did not participate in the
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had at that time the thickest armour of any operational tank, and is probably still the heaviest operational tank ever.
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Nevertheless, during the French mobilisation of 1939, all ten were activated and put into their own unit, the 51st
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effect, the individual slots disappeared while their armour protection (including against bullet splash) remained.
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tanks were ordered, another very large twin-turret tank. France was defeated before they entered service.
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of forty tonnes, immunity against light artillery rounds and a trench-crossing capability of 3.5 metres.
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to produce a tank superior to the British types. On 7 October, he had asked the British prime minister
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machine guns (three in gimbal ball mounts at front and both sides forward, one mounted in a rear turret)
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Mourret's stated motive in having the tank designed by a shipyard ensured much attention was given to
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1917 he still assumed that the first trials could have begun within five weeks. On 16 April the
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377:, The public mood in Britain had been growing ever darker as the overall failure of the
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Discussing the results of the trials, on 4 January 1918 the technical department of the
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respectively. The six remaining tanks hastily embarked on two trains at the station of
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which was reached in the early morning of 15 June. There it was decided to travel to
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Vauvillier, François (2012). "Tous le Blindés de l'Armée française. 1914-1940".
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World War II Album Volume 10: French Tanks Char B1 - Char D1 - Char D2 - Char 2c
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French command was aware that this reputation was undeserved. When the German
413:, which since May 1916 had been in the process of designing the revolutionary
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PĂ©tain asked for 300 heavy tanks to be ready by March 1919, for the Allied
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After a decision taken in December 1922, from 1923 until 1926 the later
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previous condition after 1934; the new turret was used in the Tunisian
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had thought that France "hadn't a minute to lose" and suggested to the
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on 13 June. During the night they hid, still loaded, in the forest of
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1308:. No. 19 French Fighting Vehicles. Merriam Press. 13 September 2017.
926:, as the company command tank, was experimentally up-armoured at the
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François, Guy (2011). "Le char lourd FCM 1A, ou le rêve immolé".
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French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
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715:, measured between the inner track sides, was 225 centimetres.
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These were aero-engines taken from German airships (Zeppelins)
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761:. For propaganda, each tank had been named after one of the
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after capture by German forces in eastern France, June 1940
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Undersecretary of State for Inventions for National Defense
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Malmassari, Paul (2011), "Les chars de la Grande Guerre",
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Steven J. Zaloga, 2011: French Tanks of World War I, p. 42
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In December Joffre was replaced as supreme commander by
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Meanwhile, Renault had consulted his own team, led by
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This development coincided with a political demand by
362:, the contract for the development of a heavy tank, a
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The Consultative Committee of the Assault Artillery (
1336:. AFV Weapons No. 58. Windsor: Profile Publications.
1291:
https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/fcm-2c.php
874:
claimed that the tanks had been destroyed by German
340:
369:On 15 September 1916, the British introduced their
352:, the Subsecretary of Artillery, verbally granted
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
750:high-profile made them vulnerable to advances in
2316:
1410:
1334:French Infantry Tanks Part 1 (Chars 2C, B and D)
533:of 0.6 kgf/cm (59 kPa; 8.5 psi).
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1221:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
358:(FCM), a shipyard in the south of France near
2035:
1396:
922:Between 15 November and 15 December 1939 the
1343:14-18, le Magazine de la Grande Guerre, HS 3
1214:
1212:
1210:
429:
1995:List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles
1077:
1036:. New Vanguard No. 216. Osprey Publishing.
454:Comité Consultatif de l'Artillerie d'Assaut
2042:
2028:
1990:
1403:
1389:
1359:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
1353:, Musée des Blindés, Mili doc n° 2, Saumur
1340:
1259:
1257:
1239:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
1236:
1200:
1198:
1189:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
1186:
1165:
1153:
1138:
906:, an experimental type with a 155 mm
2350:Military vehicles introduced in the 1920s
2050:French armoured fighting vehicles of the
1622:Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank
1207:
636:Section Technique des Appareils de Combat
567:
1356:
737:
726:
650:
296:
1331:
1254:
1245:
1195:
1056:
2317:
1241:(in French). No. 100. p. 27.
722:
355:Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
120:Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
2023:
1384:
1031:
668:, nearly 500 of which were produced.
1177:Estes (2014) "Char 2C" ebook edition
181:10.27 m (33 ft 8 in)
13:
902:was modified at La Seyne into the
690:type, with 124 rounds firing at a
631:Direction de l’Artillerie d’Assaut
197:4.09 m (13 ft 5 in)
14:
2361:
1366:
1034:Super-heavy Tanks of World War II
1989:
1980:
1979:
1345:(in French), Saint-Cloud: Soteca
928:Société des Aciéries d'Homecourt
830:, in the execution of Operation
350:LĂ©on Augustin Jean Marie Mourret
31:
1296:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1191:. No. 106. pp. 39–48.
1180:
1171:
1011:
189:3 m (9 ft 10 in)
1361:. No. 98. pp. 42–51.
1057:Merriam, Ray (23 March 2015).
1050:
1025:
1002:
993:
984:
968:
937:
646:
335:
134:
1:
1325:
1293:"Upgrades, People. Upgrades."
483:
436:Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne
364:char d'assaut de grand modèle
343:char d'assaut de grand modèle
261:2 x 250 CV (180 kW)
220:45 mm (1.8 in) max.
148:Char 2C bis, char 2C Lorraine
2340:Tanks of the interwar period
2335:World War II tanks of France
1412:Tanks of the interwar period
765:, numbers 90-99 being named
759:Bataillon de Chars de Combat
513:Canon de 105 Court Schneider
7:
2330:World War I tanks of France
949:
893:
807:respectively. In 1939, the
291:15 km/h (9.3 mph)
10:
2366:
1032:Estes, Kenneth W. (2014).
510:The main armament was the
487:
324:. It was developed during
301:Painting of char 2C Alsace
2294:
2203:
2182:
2150:
2104:
2058:
1975:
1809:
1777:
1744:
1684:
1636:
1491:
1418:
1332:Bingham, Charles (1973).
763:ancient regions of France
430:Resistance to the project
285:
273:
265:
255:
239:
224:
214:
209:
201:
193:
185:
177:
157:
152:
144:
133:
125:
115:
107:
102:
92:
82:
74:
69:
60:Place of origin
59:
42:
30:
23:
1967:Vickers A1E1 Independent
1124:François, 2011, pp 42-51
961:
411:Rodolphe Ernst-Metzmaier
313:, was a French post WWI
281:150 km (93 mi)
687:Canon de 75 modèle 1897
234:Canon de 75 modèle 1897
16:French super-heavy tank
2190:Renault UE Chenillette
746:
735:
656:
568:The char 2C is ordered
302:
2086:Hotchkiss H35/H38/H39
1985:Interwar period tanks
1305:World War 2 In Review
817:September 1939 attack
741:
730:
705:persistence of vision
654:
595:French Prime Minister
396:Minister of Armaments
320:, later considered a
300:
87:French Third Republic
64:French Third Republic
37:Char 2C "Berry", 1928
2345:Multi-turreted tanks
2221:Gendron-Somua AMR 39
1676:Vickers medium Mk II
1516:Disston Tractor Tank
700:stroboscopic cupolas
643:pre-series of 1931.
599:Président du conseil
373:(heavy) tank at the
332:to prevent capture.
309:, also known as the
2006:Tank classification
2002:History of the tank
1671:Vickers medium Mk I
1281:Mayet (1996), p. 24
1263:Mayet (1996), p. 40
1251:Mayet (1996), p. 29
1204:Mayet (1996), p. 17
723:Operational history
587:Artillerie Spéciale
375:Battle of the Somme
2169:AMC Schneider P 16
2105:Medium/heavy tanks
1536:Light tanks Mk I–V
1376:Chars-francais.net
1349:Jean Mayet, 1996,
747:
736:
657:
655:Plan of the FCM 2C
603:Georges Clemenceau
423:Jules-Louis Breton
403:David Lloyd George
303:
249:Hotchkiss Mle 1914
103:Production history
2325:Super-heavy tanks
2312:
2311:
2183:Armoured carriers
2017:
2016:
1546:Light tank Mk VII
1315:978-1-387-21616-1
1218:Bingham, 1973 p 5
1070:978-1-329-01004-8
1063:. Merriam Press.
863:8. Panzerdivision
698:Both turrets had
477:Nivelle offensive
295:
294:
2357:
2246:Renault B1 (ter)
2174:White-Laffly AMD
2052:Second World War
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1624:
1541:Light tank Mk VI
1405:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1374:
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988:
982:
972:
942:In 1940, twelve
828:Panzerdivisionen
639:market till the
574:La Seyne-sur-Mer
535:Ground clearance
322:super-heavy tank
288:
136:
54:Super-heavy tank
35:
26:
21:
20:
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2364:
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2314:
2313:
2308:
2304:Tanks in France
2290:
2261:Panhard AM 40 P
2199:
2178:
2146:
2100:
2059:AMR/light tanks
2054:
2048:
2018:
2013:
2010:interwar period
1971:
1897:Stridsvagn m/31
1852:Medium Mark III
1842:Landsverk L-120
1814:
1805:
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1166:Malmassari 2011
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1154:Malmassari 2011
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1139:Malmassari 2011
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956:Tanks in France
952:
940:
896:
872:Hermann Goering
868:Joseph Goebbels
838:Mairy-Mainville
725:
692:muzzle velocity
649:
611:Philippe PĂ©tain
570:
531:ground pressure
518:muzzle velocity
492:
486:
469:Pierre Renaudel
432:
379:Somme Offensive
346:
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75:In service
70:Service history
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2015:
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1998:
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1987:
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1973:
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1957:Type 98 Chi-Ho
1954:
1952:Type 97 Chi-Ni
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1892:Straussler V-4
1889:
1884:
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1874:
1872:Neubaufahrzeug
1869:
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1862:Medium tank A7
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1731:Cruiser Mk III
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1708:
1703:
1698:
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1666:Type 97 Chi-Ha
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1367:External links
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878:. This German
821:Siegfried Line
752:anti-tank guns
745:in summer 1940
724:
721:
664:heavy tank of
648:
645:
591:Louis Loucheur
569:
566:
554:speaking tubes
488:Main article:
485:
482:
461:Robert Nivelle
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287:Maximum speed
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1937:Type 87 Chi-I
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1917:T7 combat car
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1907:T1 light tank
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1867:Morris-Martel
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1857:Medium Mark D
1855:
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1847:Leichttraktor
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1726:Cruiser Mk II
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1616:Vickers 6-ton
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1611:Type 95 Ha-Go
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1571:M2 light tank
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1566:M1 combat car
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1483:Type 97 Te-Ke
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1463:TanÄŤĂk vz. 33
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2271:Somua SAu 40
2204:Experimental
2195:Lorraine 37L
2121:
2000:Background:
1999:
1837:Kolohousenka
1832:Grosstraktor
1790:
1721:Cruiser Mk I
1661:Type 89 I-Go
1628:Vickers T-15
1458:T-32 (Ĺ -I-D)
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888:Soviet Union
883:
876:dive bombers
861:
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811:was renamed
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666:World War II
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465:Schneider CA
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306:
304:
269:leaf springs
116:Manufacturer
97:World War II
83:Used by
18:
2164:Panhard 178
2096:Renault R40
2091:Renault R35
1783:super-heavy
1506:38M Toldi I
1433:Carden Loyd
1373:(in French)
938:Replacement
917:Mareth Line
904:char 2C bis
854:Neufchâteau
850:Badonviller
647:Description
336:Development
326:World War I
275:Operational
259:Two engines
137: built
2319:Categories
2156:halftracks
2066:Renault FT
1882:Ĺ koda MU-4
1811:Prototypes
1351:Le Char 2C
1326:References
912:cast steel
880:propaganda
713:axle track
550:ergonomics
484:The FCM 1A
415:Renault FT
315:heavy tank
266:Suspension
247:Four 8 mm
171:short tons
47:Heavy tank
2276:Somua S40
2142:SOMUA S35
1912:T2 medium
1902:ST vz. 39
1877:PZInĹĽ 130
1764:Matilda I
1736:SOMUA S35
1685:Cavalry,
1581:Panzer II
1561:LT vz. 38
1556:LT vz. 35
1551:LT vz. 34
1521:Fiat 3000
1420:Tankettes
900:Champagne
884:Champagne
809:Normandie
804:Champagne
796:Normandie
732:Champagne
622:Plan 1919
615:Mark VIII
579:pine tree
241:Secondary
167:long tons
78:1921–1940
2286:ARL V 39
1746:Infantry
1576:Panzer I
950:See also
932:Lorraine
924:Lorraine
908:howitzer
894:Versions
866:. Later
833:Fall Rot
813:Lorraine
788:Touraine
784:Bretagne
776:Picardie
772:Provence
743:Lorraine
662:Tiger II
609:General
318:landship
243:armament
228:armament
145:Variants
126:Produced
108:Designed
50:landship
25:Char 2C
2266:SARL 42
2256:Char G1
2137:Char D2
2132:Char D1
2127:Char B1
2122:Char 2C
1962:Verdeja
1796:Char B1
1791:Char 2C
1716:BT tank
1687:cruiser
1646:Char D2
1511:Char D1
1478:Type 94
1473:Type 92
846:Landres
842:Piennes
819:on the
641:char D1
384:Renault
307:char 2C
2281:ARL 44
2251:S35 CA
2241:ARL 40
2231:AMX 38
2211:FCM F1
2117:AMC 35
2112:AMC 34
2081:FCM 36
2076:AMR 35
2071:AMR 33
1827:FCM F1
1754:FCM 36
1711:AMR 35
1706:AMR 33
1701:AMC 35
1696:AMC 34
1689:, fast
1638:Medium
1312:
1067:
1040:
944:FCM F1
780:Alsace
768:Poitou
562:flares
527:clutch
490:FCM 1A
371:Mark I
360:Toulon
311:FCM 2C
256:Engine
232:75 mm
216:Armour
194:Height
178:Length
163:tonnes
1932:T-100
1779:Heavy
1493:Light
1443:L3/35
1438:L3/33
1428:AH-IV
962:Notes
858:Dijon
800:Berry
792:Anjou
558:flags
277:range
186:Width
169:; 76
1927:T-42
1922:T-19
1822:10TP
1801:T-35
1769:T-26
1656:T-28
1651:T-24
1606:T-38
1601:T-37
1596:T-26
1591:T-18
1531:L-60
1453:T-27
1310:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1038:ISBN
978:and
974:The
870:and
840:and
541:and
341:The
305:The
226:Main
202:Crew
165:(68
158:Mass
129:1921
111:1917
93:Wars
43:Type
1887:SMK
1586:R35
1526:H35
1501:7TP
1468:TKS
1448:R-1
161:69
135:No.
2321::
2154:,
2008:,
2004:,
1781:,
1256:^
1223:^
1209:^
1197:^
1146:^
1129:^
1079:^
919:.
890:.
802:;
798:;
794:;
790:;
786:;
782:;
778:;
774:;
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754:.
601:)
560:,
205:12
140:10
2043:e
2036:t
2029:v
1813:,
1404:e
1397:t
1390:v
1318:.
1073:.
1046:.
597:(
173:)
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