1618:
system. The shorebird ancestor specifically evolved from a bi-parental care system, yet the species within the clade
Scolopacidae evolved from a male parental care system. These transitions might have occurred for several reasons. Brooding density is correlated with male parental care. Male care systems in birds are shown to have a very low breeding density while female care systems in birds have a high breeding density. (Owens 2005). Certain rates of male and female mortality, male and female egg maturation rate, and egg death rate have been associated with particular systems as well. It has also been shown that sex role reversal is motivated by the male-biased adult sex ratio. The reason for such diversity in shorebirds, compared to other birds, has yet to be understood.
131:
163:
4144:
4168:
1240:
4180:
4156:
1617:
Shorebirds pursue a larger diversity of parental care strategies than do most other avian orders. They therefore present an attractive set of examples to support the understanding of the evolution of parental care in avians generally. The ancestral avian most likely had a female parental care
425:
technique used by Sibley & Ahlquist was not sufficient to properly resolve the relationships in this group, and indeed it appears as if the
Charadriiformes constitute a single large and very distinctive lineage of modern birds of their own.
2360:
Owens, I.P. 2002. Maleâonly care and classical polyandry in birds: phylogeny, ecology and sex differences in remating opportunities. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357:
2520:
Tullberg, B. S., M. AhâKing and H. Temrin. 2002. Phylogenetic reconstruction of parentalâcare systems in the ancestors of birds. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357:
2243:
Tullberg, B. S., M. AhâKing and H. Temrin. 2002. Phylogenetic reconstruction of parentalâcare systems in the ancestors of birds. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357:
2281:
2275:
Bourdon, Estelle (2006): L'avifaune du PaléogÚne des phosphates du Maroc et du Togo: diversité, systématique et apports à la connaissance de la diversification des oiseaux modernes (Neornithes) . Doctoral thesis,
2354:
Klug, H., M. B. Bonsall, and S.H Alonzo. 2013. Sex differences in life history drive evolutionary transitions among maternal, paternal, and bi-parental care. Ecology and
Evolution. 3: 792â806.
2253:
Klug, H., M. B. Bonsall, and S.H Alonzo. 2013. Sex differences in life history drive evolutionary transitions among maternal, paternal, and bi-parental care. Ecology and
Evolution. 3: 792â806.
2364:
Paton, Tara A. & Baker, Allan J. (2006): Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the
Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree.
2341:
GĂĄl, Erika; HĂr, JĂĄnos; Kessler, EugĂ©n & KĂłkay, JĂłzsef (1998â99): KözĂ©psĂ”-miocĂ©n Ă”smaradvĂĄnyok, a MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s, RĂĄkĂłczi-kĂĄpolna alatti ĂștbevĂĄgĂĄsbĂłl. I. A MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s 1. lelĂ”hely .
2422:
Székely, T and J.D. Reynolds. 1995. Evolutionary transitions in parental care in shorebirds. Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 262: 57â64.
2286:
Ericson, Per G.P.; Envall, I.; Irestedt, M. & Norman, J.A. (2003): Inter-familial relationships of the shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) based on nuclear DNA sequence data.
2524:
van Tuinen, Marcel; Waterhouse, David & Dyke, Gareth J. (2004): Avian molecular systematics on the rebound: a fresh look at modern shorebird phylogenetic relationships.
1296:, the Charadriiformes are the only other order of modern bird to have an established fossil record within the late Cretaceous, alongside the other dinosaurs. Much of the
1211:
Phylogeny of the
Charadriiformes based a study by Heiner Kuhl and collaborators published in 2020. The families and the number of species are from the list maintained by
429:
The auks, usually considered distinct because of their peculiar morphology, are more likely related to gulls, the "distinctness" being a result of adaptation for diving.
2515:
1846:ÄernĂœ, David; Natale, Rossy (2021-07-16). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)".
1976:"Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds"
375:(or "Charadrii"): typical shorebirds, most of which feed by probing in the mud or picking items off the surface in both coastal and freshwater environments.
142:
141:
2393:
Paton, T.A.; Baker, A.J.; Groth, J.G. & Barrowclough, G.F. (2003): RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds.
2357:
Liker, A., R. P. Freckleton, and T. Székely. 2013. The evolution of sex roles in birds is related to adult sex ratio. Nature Communications. 4: 1587.
2262:
Liker, A., R. P. Freckleton, and T. Székely. 2013. The evolution of sex roles in birds is related to adult sex ratio. Nature Communications. 4: 1587.
139:
3056:
2460:
Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamås (2004a): Phylogeny of shorebirds, gulls, and alcids (Aves: Charadrii) from the cytochrome-
4402:
1604:
1478:
1432:
1450:. They are now assumed to be mostly basal taxa of the charadriiforms and/or "higher waterbirds", which probably were two distinct lineages 65
4441:
2551:; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A. & Douglas, B.J. (2007): Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand.
1589:
1377:
1369:
1526:
2349:
353:(seabirds), others frequent deserts, and a few are found in dense forest. Members of this group can also collectively be referred to as
4551:
2336:
1581:
1385:
138:
2277:
2030:
Case, J. A. and C. P. Tambussi. 1999. Maastrichtian record of neornithine birds in Antarctica: comments on a Late Cretaceous radiation
2164:
1393:
1301:
137:
4376:
2426:
Thomas, Gavin H.; Székely, Tamås; Reynolds, John D. (2007). "Sexual Conflict and the Evolution of Breeding Systems in Shorebirds".
2203:
Thomas, Gavin H.; Székely, Tamås; Reynolds, John D. (2007). "Sexual Conflict and the Evolution of Breeding Systems in Shorebirds".
1454:
already, and few if any are still believed to be related to the well-distinct waterfowl. Taxa formerly considered graculavids are:
1647:
Bertelli, S.; Lindow, B. E. K.; Dyke, G. J.; Mayr, G. (2013). "Another charadriiform-like bird from the lower Eocene of Denmark".
135:
4415:
3051:
140:
136:
2093:
2039:
1795:
Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
1220:
4576:
2466:
2395:
2366:
1958:
1776:
1627:
4420:
4561:
2553:
4581:
4571:
2543:
4566:
2443:
2220:
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will also take food items from beaches, or rob smaller species, and some have become adapted to inland environments.
4556:
4503:
4345:
1257:
4446:
4358:
2595:
1415:
Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand) - charadriid? scolopacid?
1412:
Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand) - charadriid? scolopacid?
1313:
1261:
2486:
Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamås (2004): A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny.
4428:
17:
2512:
1916:
162:
4288:
4262:
4184:
3041:
134:
2823:
1904:
1212:
4495:
4293:
4456:
4280:
4240:
2738:
2728:
1292:
That the Charadriiformes are an ancient group is also borne out by the fossil record. Alongside the
4531:
4508:
3064:
3046:
2526:
1953:. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. xxxviiâxxxviii.
1304:
is made up of bits and pieces of birds which resemble this order. In many, this is probably due to
406:
3069:
1250:
2743:
2310:
Fain, Matthew G. & Houde, Peter (2004): Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds.
1418:
Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Bathans Early/Middle Miocene of Otago, New Zealand) - larid?
4482:
4202:
4160:
3036:
2848:
2798:
2305:
4541:
4477:
2873:
2089:
2047:
1946:
1490:(Lance Creek Late Cretaceous - Hornerstown Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene) - charadriiform?
1325:
422:
401:(or "Alcae") are coastal species which nest on sea cliffs and "fly" underwater to catch fish.
4469:
4407:
345:
and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water and eat
4546:
4314:
4249:
3501:
2072:
1847:
1721:
1656:
1305:
2136:
1797:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1332:. However, more complete remains of undisputed charadriiforms are known only from the mid-
8:
3031:
2923:
2863:
2808:
2588:
2312:
1942:
242:
4368:
4254:
1725:
1660:
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2878:
2838:
2803:
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2008:
1975:
1823:
1796:
1690:
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388:"): these are generally larger species which take fish from the sea. Several gulls and
157:
2479:
2435:
2408:
2212:
4536:
4464:
4301:
4167:
3940:
3887:
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2980:
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2713:
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2539:
2504:
2449:
2439:
2411:
2382:
2328:
2226:
2216:
2160:
2101:
2013:
1995:
1954:
1828:
1772:
1749:
1682:
1421:
Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of MåtraszÔlÔs, Hungary
1694:
3806:
2948:
2620:
2562:
2548:
2535:
2497:
2475:
2431:
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2297:
2208:
2148:
2055:
2003:
1987:
1908:
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1808:
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1672:
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1216:
760:
484:
270:
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1317:
783:
491:
119:
4433:
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2379:
1769:
Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance
1710:"Erratum to: "Another charadriiform-like bird from the Lower Eocene of Denmark""
4353:
4340:
4148:
4078:
4030:
3964:
3903:
3858:
3845:
3719:
3682:
3533:
3307:
3144:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2868:
2853:
2748:
2723:
2718:
2700:
2581:
2137:"A New Species of Graculavus from the Cretaceous of Wyoming (Aves: Neornithes)"
1123:
799:
657:
584:
498:
456:
330:
2566:
2464:
gene: parsimony, Bayesian inference, minimum evolution, and quartet puzzling.
1852:
1734:
1709:
1668:
4525:
4086:
4070:
3993:
3985:
3819:
3617:
3467:
3354:
3312:
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3026:
2990:
2908:
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2230:
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1999:
1813:
1753:
1686:
905:
513:
418:
81:
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4172:
3916:
3761:
3577:
3415:
3363:
3235:
3196:
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2943:
2933:
2630:
2508:
2501:
2488:
2415:
2386:
2332:
2301:
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2017:
1991:
1832:
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1494:
1459:
1293:
969:
953:
875:
737:
541:
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527:
477:
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346:
334:
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3136:
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1565:
1502:
1361:
1321:
1309:
1068:
1009:
714:
570:
550:
470:
385:
56:
1442:
formerly believed to constitute the common ancestors of charadriiforms,
4381:
4094:
3956:
3895:
3874:
3706:
3690:
3625:
3570:
3542:
3474:
3439:
3317:
3165:
3000:
2975:
2733:
1744:
1547:
1510:
1486:
1451:
1439:
1354:
1345:
1329:
1297:
1264: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1052:
1022:
634:
563:
556:
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325:
214:
101:
66:
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921:
673:
520:
507:
463:
174:
106:
50:
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1239:
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4022:
3752:
3727:
3673:
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3556:
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3410:
3402:
3384:
3279:
3264:
3248:
2995:
2958:
2791:
2325:
1951:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
1518:
1447:
1436:
438:
194:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
43:
1912:
4275:
3932:
3785:
3664:
3549:
3515:
3453:
3274:
3128:
3120:
2813:
2685:
2670:
2097:
2043:
1573:
1467:
1139:
1100:
591:
577:
410:
350:
342:
227:
111:
86:
4319:
1612:
4062:
4001:
3777:
3769:
3698:
3638:
3522:
3460:
3343:
3010:
3005:
2883:
1974:
Baker, Allan J; Pereira, SĂ©rgio L; Paton, Tara A (2007-04-22).
1337:
184:
39:
1708:
Bertelli, S.; Lindow, B. E. K.; Dyke, G. J.; Mayr, G. (2014).
312:
4490:
3948:
3735:
3298:
1794:
371:
1223:. The suborders are those defined by Joel Cracraft in 2013.
306:
3924:
3291:
3254:
3224:
2638:
2604:
1427:(Late Miocene of Los Mansuetos, Spain) - scolopacid? larid?
389:
380:
338:
294:
276:
204:
4046:
2903:
2665:
1596:
Neornithes incerta sedis (Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of
1532:"Graculavidae" gen. et sp. indet. (Gloucester County, US)
397:
300:
285:
1771:. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306.
1373:(Huadian Middle Eocene of Huadian, China) - charadriid?
2071:
Several wing and thorax bones of a bird the size of a
1707:
1646:
1506:(Navesink Late Cretaceous?) - charadriiform? gruiform?
1359:(Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Jutland, Denmark) - a
360:
2425:
2202:
1409:(John Day Early Miocene of Willow Creek, US) - larid?
365:
The order was formerly divided into three suborders:
315:
303:
273:
1903:
1381:(Early Oligocene of Boutersem, Belgium) - glareolid?
291:
288:
282:
3195:
309:
279:
1403:(Early Miocene of SE France) - larid? stercorarid?
409:lumps all the Charadriiformes together with other
2100:(MNZ S41058) of a bird apparently similar to the
1973:
4523:
1542:, which may or may not be Charadriiformes, are:
1498:(Hornerstown Late Cretaceous?) - charadriiform?
1336:onwards. Present-day orders emerged around the
133:
1790:
1788:
337:) is a diverse order of small to medium-large
2589:
2054:(MNZ S42415, S42435) of a bird the size of a
1613:Evolution of parental care in Charadriiformes
3103:
2430:. Vol. 37. Elsevier. pp. 279â342.
2207:. Vol. 37. Elsevier. pp. 279â342.
1845:
1785:
1397:(Early Miocene Saint-GĂ©rand-le-Puy, France)
297:
2596:
2582:
2343:Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis
1936:
1934:
1720:(13). Pleiades Publishing Ltd: 1441â1448.
1655:(11). Pleiades Publishing Ltd: 1282â1301.
1348:. Basal or unresolved charadriiforms are:
637:â stone-curlews, thick-knees (10 species)
349:or other small animals; however, some are
2141:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
2007:
1851:
1822:
1812:
1743:
1733:
1676:
1280:Learn how and when to remove this message
452:â stone-curlews, thick-knees (10 species)
1940:
1328:charadriiform somewhat reminiscent of a
2603:
1931:
1915:. International Ornithologists' Union.
1608:(Early Eocene of Silveirinha, Portugal)
1229:
1103:â gulls, terns, skimmers (103 species)
14:
4524:
1585:(Early Paleocene of Volgograd, Russia)
580:â gulls, terns, skimmers (103 species)
4201:
4200:
3088:
2577:
1899:
1897:
1628:List of Charadriiformes by population
1302:CretaceousâPaleogene extinction event
1071:â coursers, pratincoles (17 species)
437:The order Charadriiformes contains 3
4496:AB0787CD-0A40-FF99-FDAB-F958E5CD22B4
4457:e36be5fc-7f3a-4ad4-9e35-2480e435a5ed
4359:49ff3c6a-a714-4caf-87ed-504fd4cbe627
4155:
2278:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
2134:
1766:
1262:adding citations to reliable sources
1233:
573:â coursers, pratincoles (17 species)
4179:
1919:from the original on 4 October 2020
1221:International Ornithologists' Union
1219:and David Donsker on behalf of the
361:Taxonomy, systematics and evolution
24:
1913:"IOC World Bird List Version 11.2"
1894:
878:â sandpipers, snipes (98 species)
129:
118:Possible an early origin based on
25:
4593:
4552:Extant Lutetian first appearances
3057:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
2428:Advances in the Study of Behavior
2205:Advances in the Study of Behavior
544:â sandpipers, snipes (98 species)
421:. However, the resolution of the
4178:
4166:
4154:
4143:
4142:
4033:(New World vultures and condors)
2540:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03362.x
1891:(2004), Paton & Baker (2006)
1538:Other wader- or gull-like birds
1431:The "transitional shorebirds" ("
1238:
269:
161:
54:
2256:
2247:
2237:
2196:
2179:
2167:from the original on 8 May 2024
2128:
2115:
2082:
2065:
2033:
2024:
1967:
1801:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1249:needs additional citations for
763:â stilts, avocets (10 species)
441:, 19 families and 391 species.
3089:
1869:
1860:
1839:
1760:
1701:
1640:
802:â oystercatchers (12 species)
487:â stilts, avocets (10 species)
417:into a greatly enlarged order
13:
1:
2480:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00222-7
2436:10.1016/s0065-3454(07)37006-x
2409:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8
2269:
2213:10.1016/s0065-3454(07)37006-x
1569:(Lance Creek Late Cretaceous)
1561:(Lance Creek Late Cretaceous)
1551:(Lance Creek Late Cretaceous)
1389:(Early Oligocene) - turnicid?
908:â painted-snipes (3 species)
501:â oystercatchers (12 species)
152:Several members of the order
4577:Pleistocene taxonomic orders
2185:A wading bird the size of a
2135:Hope, Sylvia (4 June 1996).
1633:
1324:, Antarctica) is probably a
1314:LĂłpez de Bertodano Formation
1025:â buttonquails (18 species)
516:â painted-snipes (3 species)
7:
4097:(woodpeckers and relatives)
2380:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011
1621:
1463:- charadriiform? gruiform?
1300:' fossil record around the
559:â buttonquails (18 species)
432:
10:
4598:
4562:Oligocene taxonomic orders
3959:(cormorants and relatives)
3052:Extinct species since 1500
2050:S42416) and proximal left
1312:habits. Specimen VI 9901 (
676:â sheathbills (2 species)
4582:Holocene taxonomic orders
4572:Pliocene taxonomic orders
4209:
4138:
4089:(kingfishers and rollers)
4021:
3976:
3943:(albatrosses and petrels)
3915:
3886:
3857:
3836:
3827:(swifts and hummingbirds)
3809:(nightjars and relatives)
3797:
3760:
3751:
3718:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3659:
3633:(pheasants and relatives)
3608:
3532:
3491:
3429:
3401:
3377:
3353:
3326:
3247:
3234:
3191:
3164:
3160:
3099:
3095:
3084:
3080:
3019:
2922:
2822:
2772:
2699:
2629:
2616:
2567:10.1017/S1477201906001957
2104:but almost the size of a
1853:10.1101/2021.07.15.452585
1735:10.1134/s0031030114130024
1669:10.1134/s0031030113110026
1137:
1121:
1114:
1098:
1091:
1066:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1020:
1013:
972:â seedsnipes (4 species)
967:
951:
944:
919:
903:
896:
889:
873:
866:
858:
797:
781:
774:
758:
751:
735:
728:
712:
705:
671:
655:
648:
632:
625:
618:
610:
466:â sheathbills (2 species)
255:
250:
158:Scientific classification
156:
151:
127:
34:
4567:Miocene taxonomic orders
3988:(seriemas and relatives)
3967:(pelicans and relatives)
2153:10.5479/SI.00810266.89.1
1344:boundary, roughly 35-30
537:â seedsnipes (4 species)
407:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
341:. It includes about 390
4557:Eocene taxonomic orders
4081:(hornbills and hoopoes)
3996:(falcons and relatives)
1941:Cracraft, Joel (2013).
1866:Fain & Houde (2004)
1714:Paleontological Journal
1649:Paleontological Journal
740:â plovers (69 species)
4065:(trogons and quetzals)
3877:(cranes and relatives)
3147:(emus and cassowaries)
3037:Glossary of bird terms
2849:Confuciusornithiformes
2516:Supplementary Material
2502:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28
2467:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
2396:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
2367:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
2302:10.1186/1471-2148-3-16
1992:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0606
1887:(2004a,b), van Tuinen
1814:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
924:â jacanas (8 species)
480:â plovers (69 species)
384:and their allies (or "
145:
4478:Paleobiology Database
3906:(kagu and sunbittern)
3869:(gulls and relatives)
2874:Songlingornithiformes
2839:Omnivoropterygiformes
1767:Mayr, Gerald (2016).
1593:(Paleocene of France)
1425:"Totanus" teruelensis
523:â jacanas (8 species)
423:DNA-DNA hybridization
144:
4354:Fauna Europaea (new)
3728:Phoenicopteriformes
2554:J. Syst. Palaeontol.
2092:S42681, S42736) and
2073:double-banded plover
1911:, eds. (July 2021).
1514:- phoenicopteriform?
1306:convergent evolution
1258:improve this article
1230:Evolutionary history
1142:â auks (25 species)
1126:â skuas (7 species)
660:â Magellanic plover
3699:Mesitornithiformes
3693:(doves and pigeons)
3027:Families and orders
2889:Ichthyornithiformes
2864:Patagopterygiformes
1726:2014PalJ...48.1441B
1661:2013PalJ...47.1282B
1435:") are a generally
1401:"Larus" desnoyersii
594:â auks (25 species)
587:â skuas (7 species)
459:â Magellanic plover
445:Suborder Charadrii
4041:(eagles and hawks)
3941:Procellariiformes
3846:Opisthocomiformes
3815:Steatornithiformes
3042:List by population
2879:Hongshanornithidae
2804:Evolution of birds
1907:; Donsker, David;
1598:Ouled Abdoun Basin
1471:(Late Cretaceous?)
956:â plains-wanderer
717:â Egyptian plover
146:
4519:
4518:
4465:Open Tree of Life
4203:Taxon identifiers
4194:
4193:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
3927:(loons or divers)
3896:Phaethontiformes
3888:Phaethontimorphae
3838:Opisthocomiformes
3807:Caprimulgiformes
3747:
3746:
3736:Podicipediformes
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3373:
3372:
3156:
3155:
3113:Struthioniformes
2981:Waterfowl hunting
2914:Gastornithiformes
2909:Aepyornithiformes
2899:Lithornithiformes
2569:
2549:Worthy, Trevor H.
2542:
2511:
2482:
2418:
2389:
2335:
2319:(11): 2558â2573.
2304:
2193:): Bourdon (2005)
2102:black-billed gull
1960:978-0-9568611-0-8
1909:Rasmussen, Pamela
1778:978-1-119-02076-9
1577:(Late Cretaceous)
1522:- presbyornithid?
1407:"Larus" pristinus
1308:brought about by
1290:
1289:
1282:
1227:
1226:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1080:
1079:
999:
998:
990:
989:
981:
980:
933:
932:
847:
846:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
694:
693:
685:
684:
530:â plains-wanderer
473:â Egyptian plover
262:
261:
246:
122:
16:(Redirected from
4589:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4472:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4437:
4436:
4434:NBNSYS0000159655
4424:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4349:
4348:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4281:7FC8B7ED29E2F6B4
4271:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4198:
4197:
4182:
4181:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4146:
4145:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4071:Leptosomiformes
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4039:Accipitriformes
4034:
4013:
4012:(perching birds)
4005:
3997:
3989:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3933:Sphenisciformes
3928:
3907:
3899:
3878:
3870:
3867:Charadriiformes
3849:
3828:
3810:
3789:
3781:
3778:Musophagiformes
3773:
3758:
3757:
3739:
3731:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3634:
3621:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3388:
3301:
3294:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3162:
3161:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
2949:Bird collections
2904:Dinornithiformes
2809:Darwin's finches
2799:Origin of flight
2739:Seabird breeding
2729:Sexual selection
2598:
2591:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2561:
2534:
2496:
2474:
2457:
2403:
2374:
2320:
2296:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2200:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2086:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2056:red-necked stint
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1947:Remsen, J.V. Jr.
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1901:
1892:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1644:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1242:
1234:
1217:Pamela Rasmussen
1117:
1116:
1094:
1093:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1016:
1015:
947:
946:
899:
898:
892:
891:
869:
868:
861:
860:
777:
776:
761:Recurvirostridae
754:
753:
731:
730:
708:
707:
651:
650:
628:
627:
621:
620:
613:
612:
608:Charadriiformes
605:
604:
600:
599:
485:Recurvirostridae
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
241:
166:
165:
132:
117:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4532:Charadriiformes
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4494:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4440:
4432:
4427:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4369:charadriiformes
4367:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4339:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4268:Charadriiformes
4266:
4261:
4255:Charadriiformes
4253:
4248:
4241:Charadriiformes
4239:
4238:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4211:Charadriiformes
4205:
4195:
4190:
4102:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4079:Bucerotiformes
4073:(cuckoo-roller)
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4031:Cathartiformes
4017:
4011:
4003:
4002:Psittaciformes
3995:
3987:
3972:
3966:
3965:Pelecaniformes
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3904:Eurypygiformes
3897:
3882:
3876:
3868:
3853:
3847:
3832:
3826:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3743:
3737:
3729:
3714:
3708:
3707:Pterocliformes
3700:
3692:
3643:
3632:
3619:
3604:
3528:
3487:
3425:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3349:
3322:
3299:
3292:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3238:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:Casuariiformes
3138:
3137:Apterygiformes
3130:
3122:
3114:
3091:
3076:
3047:Lists by region
3015:
2925:
2918:
2859:Chaoyangiformes
2844:Jeholornithidae
2818:
2782:Origin of birds
2768:
2749:Brood parasites
2695:
2625:
2612:
2602:
2570:(HTML abstract)
2489:BMC Evol. Biol.
2483:(HTML abstract)
2446:
2419:(HTML abstract)
2390:(HTML abstract)
2289:BMC Evol. Biol.
2272:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2223:
2201:
2197:
2191:Ciconia ciconia
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2087:
2083:
2070:
2066:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
1980:Biology Letters
1972:
1968:
1961:
1943:Dickinson, E.C.
1939:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1902:
1895:
1883:(2003), Thomas
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1844:
1840:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1765:
1761:
1706:
1702:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1624:
1615:
1318:Late Cretaceous
1286:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1255:
1243:
1232:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1081:
1000:
991:
982:
934:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
784:Ibidorhynchidae
695:
686:
492:Ibidorhynchidae
435:
363:
272:
268:
265:Charadriiformes
240:
238:Charadriiformes
160:
147:
143:
130:
123:
120:molecular clock
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4500:
4487:
4474:
4461:
4451:
4438:
4425:
4412:
4399:
4386:
4373:
4363:
4350:
4341:Fauna Europaea
4337:
4324:
4311:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4231:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4092:
4087:Coraciiformes
4084:
4076:
4068:
4063:Trogoniformes
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:Passeriformes
4007:
3999:
3994:Falconiformes
3991:
3986:Cariamiformes
3982:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3949:Ciconiiformes
3946:
3938:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3872:
3863:
3861:
3859:Cursorimorphae
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3724:
3722:
3720:Mirandornithes
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3691:Columbiformes
3687:
3685:
3683:Columbimorphae
3676:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3623:
3618:Meleagridinae
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3536:
3534:Odontophoridae
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3313:Stictonettinae
3310:
3308:Dendrocygninae
3305:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3242:
3229:
3186:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3093:
3092:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3061:Notable birds
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3011:Egg collecting
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Hesperornithes
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Ambiortiformes
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Enantiornithes
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2546:
2533:(3): 191â194.
2527:J. Avian Biol.
2522:
2518:
2484:
2473:(3): 516â526.
2458:
2444:
2423:
2420:
2391:
2373:(3): 657â667.
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2326:10.1554/04-235
2308:
2284:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2236:
2221:
2195:
2178:
2127:
2114:
2081:
2064:
2052:carpometacarpi
2032:
2023:
1986:(2): 205â210.
1966:
1959:
1930:
1893:
1879:(2003), Paton
1868:
1859:
1838:
1784:
1777:
1759:
1700:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1552:
1540:incertae sedis
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1288:
1287:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:Stercorariidae
1120:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:â crab-plover
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
992:
988:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
966:
963:
962:
959:
958:
950:
945:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
927:
926:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
872:
867:
865:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
840:
836:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
823:
822:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:Haematopodidae
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
780:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
757:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
734:
729:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
711:
706:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
692:
691:
688:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
658:Pluvianellidae
654:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
611:
609:
603:
598:
597:
596:
595:
588:
585:Stercorariidae
581:
574:
567:
560:
547:
546:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
504:
503:
502:
499:Haematopodidae
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
457:Pluvianellidae
453:
434:
431:
403:
402:
393:
376:
362:
359:
260:
259:
253:
252:
248:
247:
235:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
208:
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202:
198:
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192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
154:
153:
149:
148:
128:
125:
124:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
37:
27:Order of birds
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4594:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:Featherbase:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4187:
4186:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:Strigiformes
4045:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3898:(tropicbirds)
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3820:Podargiformes
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3770:Cuculiformes
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3468:Macrocephalon
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:Anseranatidae
3352:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:Tinamiformes
3127:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3105:Palaeognathae
3102:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
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3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Pigeon racing
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
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2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
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2877:
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2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:Archaeopteryx
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
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2775:
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2628:
2622:
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2615:
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2606:
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2451:
2447:
2445:9780120045372
2441:
2437:
2433:
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2283:
2282:HTML abstract
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2273:
2259:
2250:
2240:
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2224:
2222:9780120045372
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2091:
2088:Premaxillae (
2085:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1956:
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1643:
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1629:
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1619:
1607:
1606:
1605:Fluviatitavis
1602:
1599:
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1592:
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1587:
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1307:
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1259:
1253:
1252:
1247:This section
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1235:
1222:
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1024:
1018:
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1007:
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1003:
995:
994:
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976:
973:
971:
965:
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942:
941:
938:
937:
929:
928:
925:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
907:
906:Rostratulidae
901:
900:
894:
893:
887:
886:
883:
882:
879:
877:
871:
870:
863:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
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824:
816:
815:
807:
806:
803:
801:
795:
794:
791:
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787:
785:
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772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
762:
756:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
739:
733:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
710:
709:
703:
702:
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698:
690:
689:
681:
680:
677:
675:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
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646:
645:
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641:
638:
636:
630:
629:
623:
622:
615:
614:
607:
606:
602:
601:
593:
589:
586:
582:
579:
575:
572:
568:
566:â crab-plover
565:
561:
558:
554:
553:
552:
548:
543:
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:Rostratulidae
511:
510:
509:
505:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
446:
444:
443:
442:
440:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:Ciconiiformes
416:
415:birds of prey
412:
408:
400:
399:
394:
391:
387:
383:
382:
377:
374:
373:
368:
367:
366:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:invertebrates
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:
320:
266:
258:
254:
249:
244:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
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170:
169:
164:
159:
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126:
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113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
18:Charadriiform
4542:Wading birds
4210:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4147:
4057:(mousebirds)
4055:Coliiformes
3925:Gaviiformes
3917:Aequornithes
3866:
3825:Apodiformes
3786:Otidiformes
3762:Otidimorphae
3709:(sandgrouse)
3631:Phasianinae
3597:
3590:
3583:
3578:Odontophorus
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3416:Oreophasinae
3362:
3342:
3335:
3240:(waterfowls)
3236:Anseriformes
2986:Cockfighting
2971:Conservation
2966:Bird feeding
2954:Birdwatching
2944:Ornithomancy
2884:Gansuiformes
2831:
2824:Fossil birds
2714:Intelligence
2557:
2552:
2544:PDF fulltext
2530:
2525:
2513:PDF fulltext
2492:
2487:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2427:
2399:
2394:
2370:
2365:
2350:PDF fulltext
2345:
2342:
2337:PDF fulltext
2316:
2311:
2306:PDF fulltext
2292:
2287:
2258:
2249:
2239:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2144:
2140:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2084:
2076:
2067:
2059:
2035:
2026:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1950:
1921:. Retrieved
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1862:
1841:
1804:
1800:
1768:
1762:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1616:
1603:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1557:Cimolopteryx
1554:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1495:Palaeotringa
1493:
1485:
1479:Graculavidae
1476:
1466:
1460:Laornithidae
1458:
1433:Graculavidae
1430:
1424:
1406:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1294:Anseriformes
1291:
1276:
1267:
1256:Please help
1251:verification
1248:
1138:
1122:
1099:
1067:
1051:
1021:
970:Thinocoridae
968:
954:Pedionomidae
952:
920:
904:
876:Scolopacidae
874:
798:
782:
759:
738:Charadriidae
736:
713:
672:
656:
633:
542:Scolopacidae
535:Thinocoridae
528:Pedionomidae
478:Charadriidae
436:
428:
404:
396:
379:
370:
364:
354:
335:Charadriidae
324:
264:
263:
256:
237:
221:
211:Infraclass:
29:
4547:Bird orders
4390:iNaturalist
4235:Wikispecies
4185:WikiProject
4095:Piciformes
3978:Australaves
3957:Suliformes
3875:Gruiformes
3730:(flamingos)
3639:Tetraoninae
3610:Phasianidae
3599:Rhynchortyx
3564:Dactylortyx
3431:Megapodidae
3421:Penelopinae
3379:Galliformes
3121:Rheiformes
3115:(ostriches)
3065:individuals
2939:Ornithology
2926:interaction
2681:Preen gland
2560:(1): 1-39.
2402:: 268â278.
2187:white stork
2171:23 February
2147:: 261â266.
1923:19 December
1905:Gill, Frank
1807:: 108â127.
1745:11336/12701
1590:Eupterornis
1566:Palintropus
1503:Telmatornis
1378:Boutersemia
1370:Jiliniornis
1362:nomen nudum
1322:Vega Island
1310:semiaquatic
1069:Glareolidae
786:â ibisbill
715:Pluvianidae
571:Glareolidae
471:Pluvianidae
4526:Categories
3935:(penguins)
3788:(bustards)
3626:Perdicinae
3571:Dendrortyx
3543:Callipepla
3475:Megapodius
3440:Aepypodius
3318:Tadorninae
3300:true geese
3131:(tinamous)
3090:Neornithes
3001:Pheasantry
2976:Aviculture
2744:Incubation
2734:Lek mating
2348:: 33â78.
2270:References
1678:11336/7192
1600:, Morocco)
1548:Ceramornis
1527:Dakotornis
1511:Scaniornis
1487:Graculavus
1440:form taxon
1355:Morsoravis
1330:thick-knee
1298:Neornithes
1213:Frank Gill
1053:Dromadidae
1023:Turnicidae
864:Scolopaci
635:Burhinidae
616:Charadrii
564:Dromadidae
557:Turnicidae
494:â ibisbill
450:Burhinidae
355:shorebirds
333:of family
331:type genus
326:Charadrius
257:See text.
215:Neognathae
49:55â0
35:Shorebirds
4004:(parrots)
3848:(hoatzin)
3799:Strisores
3780:(turacos)
3772:(cuckoos)
3701:(mesites)
3620:(turkeys)
3592:Philortyx
3509:Agelastes
3502:Acryllium
3493:Numididae
3482:Talegalla
3392:gamebirds
3385:landfowls
3364:Anseranas
3328:Anhimidae
3287:Anserinae
3070:fictional
2792:dinosaurs
2787:Theropoda
2774:Evolution
2719:Migration
2701:Behaviour
2454:0065-3454
2313:Evolution
2231:0065-3454
2161:140700031
2125:(1998-99)
2108:: Worthy
2106:kelp gull
2075:: Worthy
2058:: Worthy
2000:1744-9561
1754:0031-0301
1687:0031-0301
1634:Footnotes
1448:flamingos
1444:waterfowl
1342:Oligocene
1334:Paleogene
1270:June 2021
922:Jacanidae
674:Chionidae
549:Suborder
521:Jacanidae
508:Scolopaci
506:Suborder
464:Chionidae
439:suborders
251:Families
181:Kingdom:
175:Eukaryota
4537:Seabirds
4220:Wikidata
4149:Category
4023:Afroaves
3951:(storks)
3753:Passerea
3738:(grebes)
3674:Columbea
3585:Oreortyx
3557:Cyrtonyx
3447:Alectura
3411:Cracinae
3403:Cracidae
3280:Oxyurini
3270:Aythyini
3265:Anatinae
3249:Anatidae
2996:Falconry
2959:big year
2814:Seabirds
2724:Foraging
2671:Feathers
2521:251â257.
2509:15329156
2416:13678682
2387:16531074
2361:283â293.
2333:15612298
2244:251â257.
2165:Archived
2094:proximal
2040:Proximal
2018:17284401
1949:(eds.).
1917:Archived
1875:Ericson
1833:32781465
1695:85141394
1622:See also
1582:Volgavis
1519:Zhylgaia
1437:Mesozoic
1386:Turnipax
433:Families
411:seabirds
195:Chordata
191:Phylum:
185:Animalia
171:Domain:
44:Holocene
4382:7192402
4320:2917972
4276:Avibase
4161:Commons
3665:Neoaves
3550:Colinus
3516:Guttera
3454:Eulipoa
3275:Mergini
3139:(kiwis)
3123:(rheas)
2934:Ringing
2759:Hybrids
2754:Nesting
2709:Singing
2686:Plumage
2661:Dactyly
2631:Anatomy
2621:Outline
2611:: Aves)
2295:: 16.
2098:scapula
2044:humerus
2009:2375939
1848:bioRxiv
1824:7783168
1722:Bibcode
1657:Bibcode
1574:Torotix
1468:Laornis
1394:Elorius
1140:Alcidae
1101:Laridae
592:Alcidae
590:Family
583:Family
578:Laridae
576:Family
569:Family
562:Family
555:Family
540:Family
533:Family
526:Family
519:Family
512:Family
497:Family
490:Family
483:Family
476:Family
469:Family
462:Family
455:Family
448:Family
351:pelagic
343:species
323:, from
234:Order:
228:Neoaves
201:Class:
4470:313124
4454:NZOR:
4421:176445
4333:1CHDRO
4226:Q25978
4173:Portal
4049:(owls)
3523:Numida
3461:Leipoa
3344:Chauna
3337:Anhima
3032:Genera
3006:Imping
2924:Human
2764:Colony
2691:Vision
2676:Flight
2507:
2495:: 28.
2452:
2442:
2414:
2385:
2331:
2229:
2219:
2159:
2123:et al.
2112:(2007)
2110:et al.
2096:right
2079:(2007)
2077:et al.
2062:(2007)
2060:et al.
2042:right
2016:
2006:
1998:
1957:
1889:et al.
1885:et al.
1881:et al.
1877:et al.
1850:
1831:
1821:
1775:
1752:
1693:
1685:
1338:Eocene
372:waders
329:, the
245:, 1867
243:Huxley
40:Eocene
4504:WoRMS
4491:Plazi
4483:36640
4408:10265
4403:IRMNG
4395:67561
4346:10769
3293:swans
3255:ducks
3225:fowls
3020:Lists
2644:Brain
2609:class
2605:Birds
2157:S2CID
1691:S2CID
1326:basal
405:The
390:skuas
381:gulls
339:birds
222:Clade
4509:2682
4447:8906
4442:NCBI
4416:ITIS
4377:GBIF
4328:EPPO
4289:BOLD
2666:Eggs
2654:milk
2649:Crop
2639:Beak
2505:PMID
2450:ISSN
2440:ISBN
2412:PMID
2383:PMID
2329:PMID
2227:ISSN
2217:ISBN
2173:2024
2121:GĂĄl
2014:PMID
1996:ISSN
1955:ISBN
1925:2021
1829:PMID
1773:ISBN
1750:ISSN
1683:ISSN
1446:and
1010:Lari
551:Lari
413:and
398:auks
395:The
386:Lari
378:The
369:The
205:Aves
57:Preê
4429:NBN
4315:EoL
4302:CoL
4294:300
4263:AFD
4250:ADW
2563:doi
2536:doi
2498:doi
2476:doi
2432:doi
2405:doi
2376:doi
2322:doi
2298:doi
2209:doi
2149:doi
2090:MNZ
2048:MNZ
2004:PMC
1988:doi
1819:PMC
1809:doi
1740:hdl
1730:doi
1673:hdl
1665:doi
1452:mya
1346:mya
1320:of
1260:by
307:ÉËr
4528::
4506::
4493::
4480::
4467::
4444::
4431::
4418::
4405::
4392::
4379::
4356::
4343::
4330::
4317::
4307:X3
4304::
4291::
4278::
4265::
4252::
4237::
4222::
2531:35
2471:30
2448:.
2438:.
2400:29
2371:39
2346:23
2317:58
2280:.
2225:.
2215:.
2163:.
2155:.
2145:89
2143:.
2139:.
2012:.
2002:.
1994:.
1982:.
1978:.
1945:;
1933:^
1896:^
1827:.
1817:.
1805:38
1803:.
1799:.
1787:^
1748:.
1738:.
1728:.
1718:48
1716:.
1712:.
1689:.
1681:.
1671:.
1663:.
1653:47
1651:.
1316:,
1215:,
357:.
313:iË
224::
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
3394:)
3387:-
3383:(
3257:)
3253:(
3227:)
3223:(
3219:e
3217:a
3215:r
3213:e
3211:s
3209:n
3207:a
3205:o
3203:l
3201:l
3199:a
3197:G
3184:e
3182:a
3180:h
3178:t
3176:a
3174:n
3172:g
3170:o
3168:e
3166:N
2607:(
2597:e
2590:t
2583:v
2565::
2558:5
2538::
2500::
2493:4
2478::
2462:b
2456:.
2434::
2407::
2378::
2324::
2300::
2293:3
2233:.
2211::
2189:(
2175:.
2151::
2046:(
2020:.
1990::
1984:3
1963:.
1927:.
1856:.
1835:.
1811::
1781:.
1756:.
1742::
1732::
1724::
1697:.
1675::
1667::
1659::
1559:"
1555:"
1481:"
1477:"
1365:?
1357:"
1353:"
1340:-
1283:)
1277:(
1272:)
1268:(
1254:.
319:/
316:z
310:m
304:f
301:ÉȘ
298:.
295:i
292:r
289:d
286:ĂŠ
283:r
280:Ë
277:É
274:k
271:/
267:(
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:ê
42:-
20:)
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