5426:
5522:
used in most of official publications, the government does not officially discourage the use of traditional characters and still allow parents to choose whether to have their child's
Chinese name registered in simplified or traditional characters. Traditional characters are widely used by older Singaporeans, and are widespread on billboards, stall menus, and decorations, as well as in newspapers and on television. There is no restriction on the use of traditional characters in mass media, and television programs, books, magazines and music imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan are widely available, almost always using traditional characters. Many shop signs and menus in
5557:(CPPCC) political conference member that called for elementary schools to teach traditional Chinese characters in addition to the simplified ones. The conference member pointed out that many, especially young people, have difficulties with traditional Chinese characters; this is especially important in dealing with non-mainland communities such as Taiwan and Hong Kong. The educational authorities did not approve the recommendation, saying that it did not fit in with the "requirements as set out by the law" and it could potentially complicate the curricula. A similar proposal was delivered to the first plenary session of the 11th CPPCC in March 2008.
1587:
5856:
2370:, a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over the following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by
12296:
1025:
1598:. The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as a part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms.
266:
5842:
2333:(1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from the use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades.
5599:
79:
12946:
5756:-80, contained only one code point for each character, it is impossible to use GB 2312 to map to the bigger set of traditional characters. It is theoretically possible to use Big5 code to map to the smaller set of simplified character glyphs, although there is little market for such a product. Newer and alternative forms of GB have support for traditional characters. In particular, mainland authorities have now established
181:
38:
2536:
5451:
publications and books on ancient literature and poetry, and for research purposes. Traditional characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promotion of simplified characters, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional characters are also often used for commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertisements.
2297:
4258:
4083:
5713:, the use of simplified characters has become increasingly popular. Before the 1970s, Chinese schools in the Philippines were under the supervision of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. Hence, most books were using traditional characters. Traditional characters remained prevalent until the early 2000s. Institutions like the
5425:
2485:
and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components is now discouraged. A State
Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public.
5659:
The majority of textbooks teaching
Chinese are now based on simplified characters and Hanyu Pinyin – although there are textbooks originating in China which have a traditional version. For practical reasons, universities and schools prepare students who will be able to communicate with
5529:
Chinese is not an official language in
Malaysia, but over 90% of ethnic-Chinese students in the country are educated in Chinese schools, which have been teaching in simplified characters since 1981. Traditional characters are also widely used by older people and are likewise widespread on billboards,
4574:
The Series One List of
Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete.
5672:
In the United
Kingdom, universities mainly teach Mandarin Chinese at the undergraduate level using the simplified characters coupled with pinyin. However, they will require the students to learn or be able to recognise the traditional forms if they are studying in Taiwan or Hong Kong (such as taking
5565:
Most, if not all, Chinese-language textbooks in Hong Kong are written in traditional characters. Before 1997, the use of simplified characters was generally discouraged by educators. After 1997, while students are still expected to be proficient and utilize traditional characters in formal settings,
5504:
Simplified characters are not used in any official capacity in Taiwan, including in government and civil publications in Taiwan. However, they are sometimes used in calligraphy and informal handwriting. It is also legal to import and distribute publications printed in simplified characters. Specific
2484:
characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare
999:
was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to the first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they
5533:
In
Indonesia, Chinese is not an official language. However, the country is also home to a sizable ethnic-Chinese community, and similarly to Malaysia, ethnic-Chinese students typically receive their education in Chinese-language schools that almost exclusively use simplified characters. Traditional
5482:
Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional
5521:
In
Singapore, where Mandarin Chinese is one of the official languages, simplified characters are the official standard and are generally used in most of official publications as well as the government-controlled press. While simplified characters are taught exclusively in schools and are generally
1827:
that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to the founding of the
987:
forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by
5495:
It is common for Hong
Kongers to learn traditional Chinese characters in school, as well as some simplified characters incidentally, usually by consuming media produced on the mainland. For use on computers, however, people tend to type Chinese characters using an IME with a traditional character
2518:
in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore
5748:
most often renders simplified
Chinese characters, while Big5 most often renders traditional characters. Although neither encoding has an explicit connection with a specific character set, the lack of a one-to-one mapping between the simplified and traditional sets established a de facto linkage.
5937:
This is very similar to the 'elimination of variants of the same character' in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters", except that these eliminations happen in Chart 1 and Chart 2 of "Complete List of Simplified Characters". Characters simplified in Chart 2 can be further used for
5696:
and traditional characters had been originally used before (since the 1940s), but by the change of regulation, pinyin and simplified characters have been used to pupils who enter the school in 1996 or later. Therefore, MPS I and traditional characters disappeared after 1998 in South Korean high
5663:
In places where a particular set is not locally entrenched, such as Europe and the United States, instruction is now mostly simplified, as the economic importance of mainland China increases, and also because of the availability of textbooks printed in mainland China. Teachers of international
5491:
Textbooks, official statements, and newspapers show no signs of moving to simplified Chinese characters, including state-funded media. However, for example, Hong Konger students sometimes opt to write with simplified characters when taking notes or while taking exams, in order to write faster.
5450:
The Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Common Language and Characters implies that simplified Chinese characters are the country's standard script, with traditional Chinese being used for purposes such as ceremonies, cultural purposes such as calligraphy, for decoration, in
2606:
Chart 2 lists 132 characters that are used by themselves as well as utilized as simplified character components to further derive other simplified characters. Chart 2 also lists 14 components or radicals that cannot be used by themselves, but can be generalized for derivation of more complex
2409:
was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by the public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants
5779:
by including code points for each. This was rendered necessary by the fact that the linkage between simplified characters and traditional characters is not one-to-one. While this means that a Unicode system can display both simplified and traditional characters, it also means that different
5700:
In Japan there are two types of schools. Simplified Chinese is taught instead of traditional Chinese in pro-mainland China schools. They also teach Pinyin, a romanization system for standard Chinese, while the Taiwan-oriented schools teach bopomofo, which uses phonetic symbols. However, the
5441:
The People's Republic of China and Singapore generally use simplified characters. They appear very sparingly in texts originating in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese communities, although they are becoming more prevalent as mainland China becomes more integrated globally.
2646:
accounts for some of the orthography differences in mainland China versus in Hong Kong and Taiwan. These are not simplifications of character structures, but rather reduction in number of total standard characters. For each set of variants with identical pronunciation and meaning, one
2625:
characters which are simplified based on the same simplification principles used for components and radicals in Chart 2. This list is non-exhaustive, so if a character is not already found in Charts 1–3, but can be simplified in accordance with Chart 2, the character should be
2498:
characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents.
6553:]. Paper presented at The Fourth International Conference on Chinese Characters. Convened by The Society of Chinese Philology, Jiangsu Educational Publishing House and State Language Commission of PRC. Suzhou, China. 26–27 Nov 1997 (in Chinese) – via huayuqiao.org.
2325:—many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see the country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist
3984:
employs character components, not traditional radicals. A component refers to any conceivable part of a character, regardless of its position within the character, or its relative size compared to other components in the same character. For instance, in the character
5458:
model, the PRC has not attempted to force Hong Kong or Macau into using simplified characters. The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the
4961:
list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow:
2348:(KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935, the first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by
6520:]. Paper presented at The International Conference on Culture of Chinese Character. Convened by Beijing Normal University and Liaoning People Publishing House. Dandong, Liaoning, China. 9-11 Nov 1998 (in Chinese) – via huayuqiao.org.
2708:. Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3 is derived.
5574:
Chinese textbooks in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia are written exclusively in simplified characters, and only simplified characters are taught in school. Traditional characters are usually only taught to those taking up calligraphy as a
5530:
to a greater extent than in Singapore. Most of Malaysia's Chinese-language newspapers compromise by retaining traditional characters in article headlines, but opting to use simplified characters for the bodies of articles.
2636:
2418:
In 1986, authorities retracted the second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the
5717:, being the cultural arm of the People's Republic of China, are strong proponents of the use of simplified characters. Also, many schools are now importing their Mandarin textbooks from Singapore instead of Taiwan.
3976:, the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as a conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed:
6984:
The Basic English-Chinese, Chinese-English Dictionary: Using Simplified Characters (with an Appendix Containing the Original Complex Characters) Transliterated in Accordance with the New, Official Chinese Phonetic
1653:), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic shape and calligraphic style, in most cases refer to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the
2376:
2308:
Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during the early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist
1588:
4228:
4196:
2694:
characters, and replaces the 1965 list. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as being structurally
5413:. Further investigation reveals that these two characters do not appear in Chart 1 nor in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters". Thus they remain unchanged from traditional forms in the
1000:
had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting
5680:
Russia and most East European nations are traditionally oriented on the education of the PRC's system for teaching Chinese, which uses simplified characters but exposes the learners to both systems.
5692:, universities have used predominantly simplified characters since the 1990s. In high school, Chinese is one of the selective subjects. By the regulation of the national curricula standards,
4157:
A character that is already explicitly listed as simplified character in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" cannot be alternatively simplified based on derivation. For instance,
5542:
In general, schools in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore use simplified characters exclusively, while schools in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan use traditional characters exclusively.
916:(PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in
5479:
encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers; the inverse is equally true as well.
5545:
Today, simplified Chinese characters predominate among college and university programs teaching Chinese as a foreign language outside of China, such as those in the United States.
4575:
Then amongst the chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow:
5824:
was an outspoken critic of the simplification of Chinese characters. He wrote a dedicated column entitled "Simplified Characters are Unreasonable" in the Chinese edition of the
991:
The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the
5787:
In font filenames and descriptions, the acronym SC is used to signify the use of simplified Chinese characters to differentiate fonts that use TC for traditional characters.
11174:
6629:[City Education Committee Rejects Commissar of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to Popularize the Traditional Character Teaching Suggestion].
6584:
For programs in teaching and learning Chinese as FL outside China, the simplified version has gradually gained ground and become the first choice because of student demand…
6175:[Notice of the State Council on Promulgating the "Common Standard Chinese Characters Table"] (in Chinese). Government of the People's Republic of China. 2013-08-19.
11719:
4130:. Even in rare cases where a Chart 1 character is found as a component in a compound character, the compound character cannot be simplified in the same way. For instance,
2519:
adopted the 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters.
2522:
Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools.
6888:. Translated by Gilbert L. Mattos; Norman, Jerry. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.
11681:
5891:
5815:
1344:
12421:
11203:
5554:
1276:
1550:
2410:
comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end.
12228:
12218:
5401:
appear in Chart 1, they are not defined as derived characters. There are therefore no characters or components found in Chart 2 usable for derivation of
4014:
in compound characters, systematically simplify compound characters in exactly the same way the Chart 2 character itself was simplified. For instance,
2682:
2468:
1007:
511:
307:
12223:
11982:
11530:
7584:
7068:
5496:
set, such as Big5. In Hong Kong, as well as elsewhere, it is common for people to use both sets, due to the ease of conversion between the two sets.
2490:
1268:
1002:
312:
12137:
8014:
8004:
7579:
2641:
2381:
4068:
in Chart 2 are never used alone as individual characters. They only serve as components. Example of derived simplification based on the component
2336:
Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time.
7994:
7984:
7574:
7569:
7564:
5869:
6141:
5620:
2283:
96:
51:
5764:
3.0. As such, GB 18030 encoding contains both simplified and traditional characters found in Big-5 and GB, as well as all characters found in
2425:. It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round:
9710:
7999:
6220:
6062:
5760:
as the official encoding standard for use in all mainland software publications. The encoding contains all East Asian characters included in
2591:
2421:
2400:
2340:, one of the most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" (
1332:
1287:
302:
297:
6959:(in English and Chinese). Translated by Zhang Liqing (张立青). Columbus: National East Asian Languages Resource Center, Ohio State University.
6648:
143:
6096:
1511:
115:
12304:
11542:
7143:
6799:
6624:
1661:
across the recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history.
6434:
6028:
10931:
6683:
5191:, which is used in many simplified characters. While there is an observable pattern involving the replacement of 𦰩 with 又 as seen in
9742:
122:
983:. By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of the character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular
11506:
11494:
1543:
11518:
11010:
5874:
2366:
292:
6735:
Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML & HTML Content – W3C Working Group Note 12 April 2007
2313:
formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911
12968:
12602:
2108:
1664:
Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of
129:
8932:
5752:
Since simplified Chinese conflated many characters into one and since the initial version of the GB encoding scheme, known as
11841:
10812:
7061:
6964:
6939:
6912:
6893:
6871:
6852:
6830:
6793:
6605:
6577:
6204:
2406:
1878:
996:
9381:
12652:
6511:
1295:
2455:
in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable.
1621:, the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical
111:
12494:
8818:
7130:
5729:
2514:, eventually arriving at the same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the
2480:
less common characters. In 2009, the Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of
1910:
1536:
7354:
4927:
Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance, the traditional character
2080:
5806:
as a language attribute value and Content-Language value to specify web-page content in simplified Chinese characters.
5576:
5299:(not simplified), an inconsistency arises. This is due to the fact that in the Complete List of Simplified Characters,
2603:
Chart 1 lists all 350 characters that are used by themselves, and can never serve as 'simplified character components'.
2276:
1898:
57:
17:
7041:
10580:
10566:
10536:
9675:
7011:
6992:
6544:
6330:
5646:
2571:
2515:
2301:
242:
224:
162:
65:
5701:
Taiwan-oriented schools are starting to teach simplified Chinese and pinyin to offer a more well-rounded education.
5628:
206:
12973:
10798:
9515:
8912:
7054:
5185:
A commonly cited example of the irregularity of simplification involves characters that share the "hand" component
3347:
2546:
1424:
1384:
1187:
7359:
1832:(202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of
12574:
9238:
8499:
5765:
4878:
In some instances, the chosen variant is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character
2157:
1883:
493:
11281:
10924:
10805:
9371:
9010:
5624:
2647:
character—usually the simplest—is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are obsoleted. By 1993,
2391:), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme.
2170:
843:
731:
663:
549:
191:
100:
1216:
12890:
12344:
9480:
8063:
5721:
5588:
2269:
913:
8342:
6612:
Most contemporary Chinese language programs at U.S. colleges and universities emphasize the simplified form.
12949:
12860:
12384:
10791:
10770:
8058:
7833:
7349:
7125:
2511:
1734:
1711:
1194:
940:
136:
4939:, with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters.
507:
503:
12865:
12737:
12662:
12319:
10671:
10650:
9330:
9325:
9020:
8922:
7444:
7135:
6190:
5917:
5733:
2131:
2064:
1922:
1095:
2651:
variants were declared obsolete by this list. Among the chosen variants, those that appear in the 1986
12907:
12880:
12757:
12669:
12416:
12396:
10738:
9335:
8902:
8315:
7376:
6569:
6004:
5988:
5938:
derivation of Chart 3, but those chosen in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters" cannot.
5781:
5732:
remain major proponents of the usage of traditional characters. Some private universities, such as the
2553:
2164:
2059:
1612:
1524:
1417:
1211:
1171:
1133:
1081:
1006:
lists 8,105 characters, including a few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's
984:
198:
8068:
7386:
12459:
11157:
10917:
8988:
8710:
8263:
7850:
5896:
5796:
2098:
2032:
2009:
1743:
form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as
1199:
1036:
1024:
944:
6518:
A Comparative Study of the Revision of Simplified Chinese Characters Proposed by Singapore and China
6149:
5433:('Long live the invincible Mao Zedong Thought!') written using simplified characters on
988:
simplification and are thus identical between the traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies.
12833:
12818:
12808:
12522:
10488:
10474:
9779:
8362:
8165:
7381:
5609:
5455:
10093:
7509:
6226:
6075:
5724:
use simplified characters in their teaching materials. On the other hand, private schools such as
12845:
11084:
10777:
9805:
8762:
8439:
8418:
8298:
8278:
8110:
7781:
7685:
7162:
7120:
7077:
6661:
5725:
5613:
2344:). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling
2054:
1888:
1803:
202:
89:
12838:
12687:
6109:
5775:
Unicode deals with the issue of simplified and traditional characters as part of the project of
12779:
12622:
11220:
9495:
8434:
8424:
8357:
7867:
7300:
7027:
6780:
1354:
1339:
1255:
909:
489:
425:
6634:
6491:] (in Chinese). Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. 5 June 2013
1806:, with his chief chronicler having " fifteen chapters describing" what is referred to as the "
12774:
12697:
12411:
12389:
11144:
10977:
10879:
10784:
10573:
10522:
9982:
9904:
9668:
9607:
9592:
9161:
9040:
8782:
8742:
8474:
8150:
7334:
7322:
7295:
7280:
6449:
6038:
5769:
2126:
1917:
1327:
1156:
1118:
1073:
9587:
8792:
12542:
12510:
12339:
11464:
10959:
10643:
10394:
10071:
9567:
9222:
9186:
8591:
8514:
8347:
8095:
8085:
7924:
7907:
7223:
6730:
6691:
2037:
1853:
6907:. Studies in Written Language and Literacy. Vol. 14 (Rev. ed.). John Benjamins.
2356:. However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936.
947:, or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the
556:
540:
8:
12786:
12752:
12587:
12554:
12401:
12329:
12246:
12087:
12082:
11836:
11646:
11152:
9470:
9366:
9088:
8611:
7317:
5714:
5566:
they may sometimes adopt a hybrid written form in informal settings to speed up writing.
2466:
simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised
2322:
2321:, followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919
1937:
1488:
1483:
1138:
992:
450:
445:
7633:
6482:
6170:
12902:
12769:
12732:
12617:
12515:
12449:
12444:
12334:
12324:
11950:
11928:
11821:
11629:
11624:
11547:
11535:
11523:
11511:
11499:
11023:
10629:
10606:
10240:
10129:
10119:
10011:
9954:
9940:
9897:
9602:
9485:
9320:
9212:
9171:
9125:
9120:
9015:
8997:
8665:
8596:
8561:
8509:
8322:
8310:
7721:
7643:
7544:
7099:
6199:] (in Chinese) (3rd ed.). Beijing: Foreign Language and Teaching Press. 2014.
5963:
5553:
In December 2004, Ministry of Education authorities rejected a proposal from a Beijing
2044:
1984:
1955:
1932:
1893:
1726:
1665:
1090:
1016:
901:
879:
871:
699:
691:
383:
9862:
9520:
912:. Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the
12813:
12803:
12682:
12647:
12502:
12454:
12406:
12173:
12026:
11960:
11816:
11801:
11472:
11449:
11403:
11328:
11254:
11134:
11102:
11056:
10995:
10985:
10950:
10752:
10745:
10481:
10467:
10379:
10268:
10178:
10157:
10136:
10064:
9996:
9855:
9813:
9765:
9500:
9490:
9135:
9130:
9035:
9030:
8937:
8892:
8715:
8695:
8685:
8675:
8670:
8606:
8601:
8529:
8464:
8449:
8399:
8394:
8337:
8273:
8231:
8073:
7959:
7882:
7398:
7393:
7270:
7031:
7007:
6988:
6960:
6935:
6908:
6889:
6867:
6848:
6826:
6819:
6789:
6601:
6573:
6326:
6200:
5461:
2704:
All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986
2349:
2314:
2075:
1974:
1927:
1824:
1792:
1730:
1658:
1148:
1113:
1108:
827:
819:
647:
639:
388:
6536:
12919:
12439:
12314:
12178:
12168:
12153:
12099:
12021:
11972:
11933:
11882:
11796:
11748:
11732:
11612:
11572:
11567:
11454:
11408:
11354:
11349:
11339:
11333:
11162:
11107:
11092:
10968:
10940:
10886:
10824:
10717:
10678:
10664:
10622:
10497:
10443:
10424:
10358:
10350:
10336:
10329:
10254:
10050:
10025:
9961:
9933:
9848:
9834:
9751:
9724:
9661:
9572:
9475:
9297:
9140:
8767:
8747:
8737:
8732:
8616:
8372:
8305:
8293:
8258:
8253:
8236:
8175:
8140:
8100:
7902:
7897:
7845:
7796:
7680:
7614:
7554:
7504:
7449:
7366:
7344:
7329:
7275:
7265:
7199:
6927:
2118:
2113:
1979:
905:
754:
574:
365:
10724:
9919:
9545:
9196:
8566:
5720:
Public universities such as the Linguistics and Asian Languages Department of the
5341:
is defined as a 'simplified character component' according to the standard, while
1450:
12870:
12850:
12747:
12707:
12692:
12431:
12281:
12271:
12251:
12208:
12203:
12069:
12033:
12016:
12006:
11945:
11763:
11699:
11641:
11589:
11584:
11486:
11382:
11377:
11286:
11233:
11228:
11208:
11193:
11188:
11129:
11124:
11114:
11097:
11069:
11041:
11018:
10710:
10402:
10343:
10289:
10282:
10261:
10247:
10231:
10209:
10164:
10057:
10032:
10004:
9989:
9912:
9890:
9883:
9841:
9801:
9772:
9460:
9430:
9253:
9176:
8942:
8872:
8777:
8725:
8705:
8641:
8631:
8621:
8586:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8454:
8409:
8404:
8288:
8283:
8130:
8120:
7974:
7939:
7934:
7914:
7808:
7766:
7706:
7589:
7559:
7469:
7429:
7371:
7305:
7285:
7233:
7216:
7204:
5847:
5826:
5776:
1872:
1833:
1807:
1305:
1128:
1046:
805:
625:
393:
8907:
8090:
2589:
All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of the 1986
1376:
12924:
12914:
12885:
12875:
12592:
12564:
12276:
12261:
12163:
12114:
12109:
12094:
12038:
11977:
11859:
11831:
11811:
11758:
11727:
11704:
11694:
11689:
11651:
11634:
11579:
11444:
11426:
11344:
11318:
11259:
11179:
11167:
11119:
11074:
11064:
10990:
10847:
10731:
10615:
10595:
10504:
10372:
10303:
10202:
10150:
10143:
9975:
9968:
9947:
9926:
9827:
9820:
9627:
9582:
9510:
9505:
9356:
9340:
9315:
9258:
9248:
9243:
9083:
8957:
8917:
8887:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8797:
8772:
8720:
8660:
8626:
8576:
8524:
8489:
8444:
8414:
8367:
8327:
8226:
8180:
8135:
8053:
7989:
7944:
7929:
7892:
7872:
7840:
7828:
7776:
7771:
7761:
7751:
7746:
7663:
7648:
7638:
7604:
7594:
7539:
7524:
7489:
7339:
7243:
7191:
7081:
6840:
2677:
2103:
2027:
1737:
that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the
1475:
1237:
1166:
1143:
917:
789:
609:
398:
12295:
9057:
1061:
435:
12962:
12725:
12537:
12532:
12104:
12048:
12043:
12011:
11998:
11874:
11826:
11753:
11709:
11599:
11436:
11359:
11198:
11046:
11033:
10854:
10703:
10636:
10559:
10529:
10387:
10365:
10296:
10192:
10171:
10018:
9876:
9794:
9787:
9758:
9717:
9632:
9622:
9617:
9404:
9098:
8757:
8700:
8352:
8125:
8009:
7964:
7919:
7887:
7736:
7653:
7626:
7599:
7529:
7514:
7499:
7454:
7211:
6949:
6748:
6283:
5921:
defines the term as "Chinese characters that have undergone simplification" (
5523:
4181:
respectively, thus they cannot be simplified alternatively by derivation via
2353:
2326:
2255:
2230:
1845:
1812:
939:
Simplification of a component—either a character or a sub-component called a
7673:
6712:
5673:
Cantonese courses). In Australia and New Zealand, schools, universities and
12597:
12547:
11923:
11806:
11779:
11323:
11313:
10310:
10275:
10216:
9703:
9465:
9361:
9274:
9166:
9067:
8877:
8690:
8655:
8636:
8571:
8459:
8221:
8145:
7954:
7949:
7860:
7855:
7791:
7731:
7711:
7668:
7658:
7609:
7494:
7474:
7464:
7312:
7290:
7248:
7046:
5861:
5800:
5745:
2318:
2235:
1204:
761:
581:
8519:
6653:[Debate: A Need to Introduce Traditional Characters to Schools?].
6566:
Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language: A Pedagogical Grammar
12742:
12716:
12612:
12582:
12559:
12527:
12266:
12256:
12060:
11955:
11940:
11903:
11851:
11672:
11663:
11559:
11398:
11273:
11000:
10893:
10657:
10588:
9869:
9560:
9420:
9181:
9025:
8882:
8787:
8556:
8484:
8469:
8377:
8170:
8080:
7979:
7969:
7823:
7786:
7741:
7726:
7701:
7621:
7549:
7534:
7238:
6924:
Chinese Grammatology: Script Revolution and Literary Modernity, 1916–1958
6782:
Long Story of Short Forms: The Evolution of Simplified Chinese Characters
6551:
Review and Prospect of Standardization of Chinese Characters in Singapore
5710:
5689:
5660:
mainland China, so their obvious choice is to use simplified characters.
5434:
5335:
as a derived character in the non-exhaustive list in Chart 3. Therefore,
2250:
2150:
1903:
1829:
1787:
1669:
1654:
1568:
In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name
1103:
277:
5509:, the first character in the name "Taiwan", rivalling the orthodox form
1360:
12158:
12132:
11898:
11864:
11369:
11296:
9550:
9525:
9093:
8536:
8026:
8021:
7877:
7818:
7459:
6788:. Stockholm East Asian Monographs. Vol. 11. Stockholm University.
5505:
simplified forms predating the 20th century are in common use, such as
4948:
2665:
2371:
2345:
2245:
2195:
1994:
1672:(221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either
1403:
1228:
1221:
972:
954:
7037:
Stroke Order Animation and Dictionary of Simplified Chinese Characters
6931:
5475:
have traditional character versions of their website available, using
2494:
was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of
12607:
12358:
12349:
12077:
11967:
11619:
11607:
11418:
11249:
10861:
10840:
10833:
9612:
9449:
9145:
9112:
8947:
8838:
8387:
8115:
8031:
7756:
6881:
6298:
5885:
5821:
5799:(W3C)'s Internationalization working group recommends the use of the
5526:
and coffee shops continue to be written with traditional characters.
2507:
2310:
2215:
2200:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1966:
1635:), the "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical
1618:
925:
921:
836:
656:
470:
355:
265:
9555:
6864:
The Chinese Writing System in Asia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
5598:
209:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
78:
12897:
12483:
12124:
11305:
10909:
9577:
9540:
9535:
9415:
9376:
9217:
8976:
8861:
8752:
8494:
8382:
8332:
8203:
7716:
7519:
7479:
7260:
7253:
7104:
5841:
5757:
5534:
characters are seldom used, typically only for stylistic purposes.
3972:
Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the
2364:
Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the
1503:
1464:
1457:
1161:
857:
775:
677:
595:
499:
455:
12929:
9597:
1498:
12796:
12476:
12363:
12192:
11788:
9684:
9191:
9062:
8952:
8927:
8813:
8650:
8504:
8479:
8248:
8155:
7803:
7417:
7228:
6287:
5933:
5931:
5879:
5761:
5753:
2330:
2240:
2225:
2210:
2205:
1960:
12855:
12657:
10685:
8429:
8241:
8160:
8105:
7813:
7484:
7036:
6441:
5471:
2337:
2220:
2190:
1838:
1393:
933:
5928:
4026:. Based on the same principle, these derivations can be made:
3475:
Replacing entirely with a newly coined phono-semantic compound
12368:
9052:
9047:
8897:
8680:
8581:
8268:
7179:
6411:
5693:
2394:
1715:
1056:
1051:
929:
440:
430:
351:
2611:
2545:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
2359:
2296:
943:—usually involves either a reduction in its total number of
9530:
9425:
6524:
5674:
5476:
2300:
Excerpt of initial 1935 simplifications promulgated by the
1443:
3997:(a traditional radical) considered a component, but so is
1846:
Late Qing literature and Republican-era reform (1850–1949)
7032:
Proposal to Encode Obsolete Simplified Chinese Characters
6954:
The Historical Evolution of Chinese Languages and Scripts
4257:
4082:
876:
862:
848:
696:
682:
668:
2460:
Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese
2304:
Department of Education in 1935, later retracted in 1936
6399:
6387:
6375:
6351:
6339:
5892:
Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters
5816:
Debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters
5054:
The traditional "Break" stroke becomes the "Dot" stroke
2655:
are also simplified in character structure accordingly.
3197:
Omitting components, then applying further alterations
1810:". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the
1777:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1679:
1673:
924:, while traditional characters are officially used in
6905:
Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
6463:
6323:
Calligraphy and Power in Contemporary Chinese Society
824:
810:
794:
780:
766:
644:
630:
614:
600:
586:
6363:
6264:
6252:
6240:
5837:
5569:
4762:
The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1
4660:
Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred
2963:
Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol
498:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3911:
Copying and modifying another traditional character
2512:
three successive rounds of character simplification
1657:(221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7042:Simplified to Traditional Chinese Conversion Table
6818:
6753:[Simplified Characters Are Unreasonable].
5555:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
4953:The new standardized character forms shown in the
2683:List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese
2637:Series One Organization List of Variant Characters
2469:List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese
1755:was followed by proliferation of a third variant:
6489:List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters
6135:
6133:
4898:with three strokes on the left of the eliminated
4884:which is eliminated in favor of the variant form
2491:List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters
1003:List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters
12960:
6225:(in Chinese). Xinhua. 2008-06-03. Archived from
6142:"China to Regulate Use of Simplified Characters"
5664:students often recommend learning both systems.
5582:
5465:are printed in traditional characters, and both
4126:Chart 1 collects 352 simplified characters that
3266:Structural changes that preserve the basic shape
512:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
6290:(1916). "The problem of the Chinese language".
5870:Ambiguities in Chinese character simplification
1770:on the left—likely derived as a contraction of
6130:
5579:or Cantonese as an elective course at school.
4904:is now seen as more complex, appearing as the
4219:, thus it cannot be alternatively derived via
2699:
2556:to make improvements to the overall structure.
1791:(111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by
10925:
9669:
7062:
6122:
5982:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5144:
5138:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5017:
5011:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4973:
4967:
4934:
4928:
4919:
4913:
4899:
4885:
4879:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4250:
4244:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4075:
4069:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2771:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2592:General List of Simplified Chinese Characters
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2422:General List of Simplified Chinese Characters
2401:Second round of simplified Chinese characters
2377:List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing
2277:
1544:
978:
960:
736:
722:
554:
538:
12724:
7076:
6902:
6825:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
6821:Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics
6598:Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy
6530:
5513:even in publications and academic contexts.
4569:
2584:
1668:, was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the
6731:Best Practice 13: Using Hans and Hant codes
6057:
6055:
5627:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4918:, with four strokes, in the chosen variant
2680:forms for most of its characters. The 1988
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
12945:
12715:
10932:
10918:
9676:
9662:
7069:
7055:
6903:Taylor, Insup; Taylor, M. Martin (2014) .
2630:
2395:Second round of simplification (1977–1986)
2284:
2270:
1729:of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin
1551:
1537:
959:radical used in the traditional character
6839:
5677:use predominantly simplified characters.
5647:Learn how and when to remove this message
3967:
2612:Derivation based on simplified components
2572:Learn how and when to remove this message
2502:
2360:First round of simplification (1949–1977)
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
6845:Nationalism and language reform in China
6660:(in Chinese). 2008-03-14. Archived from
6633:(in Chinese). 2004-12-08. Archived from
6557:
6448:(in Chinese). 2009-08-24. Archived from
6108:(in Chinese). 2009-04-09. Archived from
6074:(in Chinese). 2009-04-09. Archived from
6052:
5424:
3680:Replacing with ancient forms or variants
3418:Replacing an uncommon phonetic component
2374:in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the
2295:
12640:
6981:
6487:[State Council Announcement of the
6140:Wu, Jing; Guo, Likun (12 August 2009).
5875:Chinese Character Simplification Scheme
4579:Sample reduction of equivalent variants
2367:Chinese Character Simplification Scheme
481:, Han (Simplified variant)
14:
12961:
6778:
6595:
6369:
6357:
6282:
6270:
6258:
4128:generally cannot be used as components
1802:) to unify character forms across the
1782:became the character's standard form.
878:
826:
698:
646:
27:Standardized set of Chinese characters
10913:
10813:American Printing House for the Blind
10589:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
10241:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
9657:
9447:
9402:
9295:
8974:
8859:
8201:
7415:
7177:
7160:
7050:
6921:
6308:
6139:
5739:
4933:, with 11 strokes is standardised as
2407:second round of simplified characters
997:second round of simplified characters
10939:
9296:
7001:
6948:
6816:
6563:
6421:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6381:
6345:
6304:
5625:adding citations to reliable sources
5592:
4705:Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen
3346:Replacing the phonetic component of
2529:
2050:Simplification of Chinese characters
1296:Standard Form of National Characters
502:. For the distinction between ,
341:Top-to-bottom, columns right-to-left
174:
101:adding citations to reliable sources
72:
31:
9683:
6880:
6320:
6314:
6246:
6213:
5744:In computer text applications, the
5704:
5548:
2462:was published in 1988 and included
1911:Eastward spread of Western learning
1617:According to Chinese palaeographer
24:
9403:
6987:. New York: New American Library.
6975:
6861:
6681:
6469:
6127:, 2009-04-09. Accessed 2009.04.10.
5736:, also use simplified characters.
5180:
1899:Constitutional Protection Movement
1749:. However, the increased usage of
25:
12985:
7021:
5790:
5570:Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia
5516:
5445:
2069:Translation of foreign literature
2055:Romanization of Chinese languages
977:to form the simplified character
47:This article has multiple issues.
12944:
12422:Literary and colloquial readings
12294:
6684:"School Bridges China-Japan Gap"
6542:
6509:
5854:
5840:
5784:files are needed for each type.
5597:
4942:
4256:
4081:
3797:Adopting ancient vulgar variants
2666:New standardized character forms
2534:
1385:Literary and colloquial readings
1023:
264:
179:
77:
36:
9448:
6805:from the original on 2021-12-02
6746:
6740:
6723:
6705:
6675:
6641:
6617:
6589:
6503:
6475:
6427:
6276:
5537:
5420:
4905:
4891:
2712:Merging homophonous characters:
2060:Writing with vernacular Chinese
1563:
966:
948:
877:
863:
849:
697:
683:
669:
494:International Phonetic Alphabet
112:"Simplified Chinese characters"
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
7142:Languages by writing system /
6771:
6682:Co, Emily (23 December 2008).
6179:
6163:
6089:
6021:
5976:
5956:
5922:
5909:
5560:
5430:
5409:
5403:
5391:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5325:
5313:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5253:
5241:
5229:
5217:
5205:
5193:
5167:
5155:
5139:
5123:
5111:
5095:
5089:
5073:
5061:
5040:
5028:
5012:
4996:
4984:
4968:
4900:
4880:
4865:
4859:
4847:
4841:
4829:
4823:
4811:
4805:
4793:
4787:
4775:
4769:
4748:
4736:
4724:
4712:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4556:
4544:
4532:
4520:
4507:
4495:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4410:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4245:
4209:
4165:
4159:
4144:
4132:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4070:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4016:
3954:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3903:
3897:
3885:
3873:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3606:
3600:Only retaining single radicals
3586:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2718:
2659:
2525:
2072:Sorting out national heritages
1649:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1288:Nan Min Recommended Characters
825:
811:
795:
781:
767:
737:
723:
645:
631:
615:
601:
587:
555:
539:
13:
1:
12969:Simplified Chinese characters
10581:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
10537:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
8975:
8860:
8202:
7004:Simplified Chinese Characters
6926:. Columbia University Press.
6596:Norden, Bryan W. Van (2011).
6292:The Chinese Students' Monthly
5945:
5722:University of the Philippines
5589:Chinese as a foreign language
5583:Chinese as a foreign language
4169:are simplified in Chart 1 to
2676:characters. These tend to be
2413:
1817:
1606:
898:Simplified Chinese characters
524:Simplified Chinese characters
12950:List of varieties of Chinese
10792:National Braille Association
10771:Braille Institute of America
10489:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
7416:
6037:(in Chinese). Archived from
5950:
5809:
5683:
5486:
5397:
5385:
5373:
5361:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5319:
5307:
5283:
5271:
5259:
5247:
5235:
5223:
5211:
5199:
5187:
5173:
5161:
5145:
5129:
5117:
5101:
5079:
5067:
5046:
5034:
5018:
5002:
4990:
4974:
4935:
4929:
4920:
4914:
4886:
4871:
4853:
4835:
4817:
4799:
4781:
4754:
4742:
4730:
4718:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4628:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4562:
4550:
4538:
4526:
4513:
4501:
4489:
4477:
4465:
4452:
4440:
4428:
4416:
4403:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4355:
4342:
4330:
4318:
4306:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4251:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4213:is simplified in Chart 2 to
4203:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4150:
4138:
4136:is simplified in Chart 1 to
4118:
4106:
4094:
4076:
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4020:is simplified in Chart 2 to
3999:
3993:
3987:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3891:
3879:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3672:
3612:
3592:
3580:
3556:
3544:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3410:
3398:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2724:
1797:
1720:
900:are one of two standardized
487: This article contains
7:
10672:Refreshable braille display
10651:Optical braille recognition
10248:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
9780:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
8923:New Epoch Notation Painting
6564:Xing, Janet Zhiqun (2006).
6197:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
5918:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
5833:
5734:Ateneo de Manila University
5697:school Chinese curriculum.
5087:The traditional components
4010:in Chart 2, when used as a
2132:League of Left-Wing Writers
1923:Boxer Indemnity Scholarship
1280:(Hong Kong, 2007)
205:the claims made and adding
10:
12990:
12908:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
10739:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
7178:
6982:Bergman, Peter M. (1980).
6570:Hong Kong University Press
5813:
5730:Saint Jude Catholic School
5586:
5137:The traditional component
5010:The traditional component
4966:The traditional component
4946:
3068:Omitting entire components
2398:
2065:National Language Movement
1778:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1613:Variant Chinese characters
1610:
1601:
1525:Transliteration of Chinese
1082:Neolithic symbols in China
914:People's Republic of China
12942:
12826:
12795:
12706:
12631:
12573:
12493:
12468:
12430:
12377:
12303:
12292:
12239:
12191:
12146:
12123:
12068:
12059:
11997:
11916:
11891:
11873:
11850:
11787:
11778:
11741:
11718:
11680:
11671:
11662:
11598:
11558:
11485:
11463:
11435:
11417:
11391:
11368:
11304:
11295:
11272:
11242:
11219:
11143:
11083:
11055:
11032:
11009:
10976:
10967:
10958:
10947:
10871:
10822:
10762:
10695:
10605:
10551:
10514:
10475:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
10454:
10435:
10416:
10321:
10227:
10188:
10115:
10042:
9741:
9734:
9695:
9653:
9456:
9443:
9411:
9398:
9349:
9308:
9304:
9291:
9267:
9231:
9205:
9154:
9111:
9076:
8996:
8989:Chinese family of scripts
8987:
8983:
8970:
8868:
8855:
8806:
8214:
8210:
8197:
8059:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
8046:
7694:
7437:
7428:
7424:
7411:
7186:
7173:
7169:
7161:
7156:
7144:by first written accounts
7113:
7092:
7088:
6729:Richard Ishida (editor):
6123:
5983:
5972:(in Chinese). 2006-03-22.
5897:Modern Chinese characters
5803:
5797:World Wide Web Consortium
5667:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5323:is listed in Chart 2 and
5311:appears in Chart 1 while
4955:Characters for Publishing
4570:Elimination of allographs
2772:
2700:Structural simplification
2668:originated from the 1965
2585:Structural simplification
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2341:
2099:Doubting Antiquity School
2033:East-west cultural debate
1884:Coronation of Yuan Shikai
1626:
1037:Chinese family of scripts
979:
961:
904:widely used to write the
891:
870:
856:
842:
835:
818:
804:
788:
774:
760:
753:
748:
744:
730:
716:
711:
690:
676:
662:
655:
638:
624:
608:
594:
580:
573:
568:
564:
548:
532:
528:
523:
485:
469:
464:
416:
376:
371:
361:
347:
332:
322:
284:
272:
263:
257:
10462:Chinese semi-syllabaries
9725:Unicode braille patterns
9711:International uniformity
8166:Thomas Natural Shorthand
6956:
6749:
6657:
6649:
6625:
6600:. Hackett. p. 242.
6545:
6531:Taylor & Taylor 2014
6512:
6483:
6445:
6435:
6221:
6191:
6186:
6171:
6105:
6097:
6071:
6063:
6029:
6005:"Unihan data for U+6CA1"
5989:"Unihan data for U+6C92"
5964:
5902:
5456:one country, two systems
5415:Common Modern Characters
4959:Common Modern Characters
4957:and revised through the
4148:cannot be simplified to
3348:phono-semantic compounds
2688:Common Modern Characters
1277:Commonly-Used Characters
1269:Commonly Used Characters
732:Traditional Chinese
712:Alternative Chinese name
550:Traditional Chinese
12974:Chinese language reform
10799:Blindness organizations
10778:Braille Without Borders
10567:Canadian currency marks
10189:Egyptian lineage family
9372:Southwest Paleohispanic
7006:. Torrance, CA: Heian.
6817:Chen Ping (陳平) (1999).
5965:教育部就《汉字简化方案》等发布50周年答记者问
5726:Chiang Kai Shek College
2768:Adapting cursive shapes
2670:Characters for Printing
2631:Elimination of variants
2389:Characters for Printing
1889:National Protection War
1836:through the process of
1804:states of ancient China
1733:across China following
1250:Collation and standards
908:, with the other being
718:Simplified Chinese
534:Simplified Chinese
490:phonetic transcriptions
10116:Russian lineage family
9516:Great Lakes Algonquian
8425:Greco-Iberian alphabet
8358:Gabelsberger shorthand
7301:Inscriptional Parthian
7002:Chen, Huoping (1987).
6436:《通用规范汉字表》44个汉字"整形"引发争论
6321:Yen, Yuehping (2005).
6222:书同文 :《汉字简化方案》制订始末
6098:专家称恢复繁体字代价太大 新规范汉字表将公布
5577:co-curricular activity
5438:
5251:, when observing that
3968:Simplifying components
2503:Outside mainland China
2476:common characters and
2305:
1702:on the left, with the
1512:Slavonic transcription
1355:Japanese script reform
1340:Traditional characters
910:traditional characters
426:Traditional characters
10880:Accessible publishing
10806:Schools for the blind
10785:Japan Braille Library
10574:Computer Braille Code
10228:Indian lineage family
9608:Old Persian cuneiform
8475:Carolingian minuscule
7281:Ancient North Arabian
6922:Zhong, Yurou (2019).
6847:. New York: Octagon.
6779:Bökset, Roar (2006).
6543:Chia Shih Yar (谢世涯).
6510:Chia Shih Yar (谢世涯).
6035:china-language.gov.cn
5814:Further information:
5587:Further information:
5428:
5293:(not simplified) and
4066:simplified components
4008:simplified characters
2516:Ministry of Education
2329:(1892–1982) and poet
2299:
2127:Crescent Moon Society
1918:Scientific Revolution
1578:, or colloquially as
1328:Simplified characters
10644:Mountbatten Brailler
9999:(largely reassigned)
9782:(largely reassigned)
9331:Southeastern Iberian
9326:Northeastern Iberian
7224:Egyptian hieroglyphs
6307:, pp. 150–153;
6030:关于《通用规范汉字表》公开征求意见的公告
5621:improve this section
5483:Chinese characters.
2038:Total Westernization
1854:New Culture Movement
97:improve this article
10596:Nemeth braille code
10382:(reassigned vowels)
9907:(extended to 8-dot)
9481:Canadian Aboriginal
9367:Khitan small script
9089:Khitan large script
8279:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
6484:国务院关于公布《通用规范汉字表》的通知
6472:, pp. 145–146.
6408:, pp. 196–197.
6396:, pp. 159–160.
6384:, pp. 155–156.
6348:, pp. 150–153.
6172:国务院关于公布《通用规范汉字表》的通知
5715:Confucius Institute
2554:editing the article
2449:is used instead of
2323:May Fourth Movement
2158:The Critical Review
1938:May Fourth Movement
1823:), is that the Qin
1299:(Taiwan, 1982)
1291:(Taiwan, 2009)
993:Cultural Revolution
451:Khitan small script
446:Khitan large script
12903:Cantonese Bopomofo
12770:Chinese characters
12698:Written Sichuanese
11282:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
10630:Braille translator
10607:Braille technology
10583:(science; GS8/GS6)
10552:Symbols in braille
10482:Taiwanese Mandarin
9997:Taiwanese Mandarin
9603:Nwagu Aneke script
9155:Other logosyllabic
9077:Chinese-influenced
9016:Oracle bone script
8998:Chinese characters
8933:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
8323:Eclectic shorthand
8311:Duployan shorthand
8264:Caucasian Albanian
8064:Canadian syllabics
7100:History of writing
6626:市教委驳回政协委员普及繁体字教学建议
5746:GB encoding scheme
5740:Use with computers
5439:
4238:Sample Derivations
2472:, which specified
2306:
2144:Major publications
2093:Schools of thought
1933:Russian Revolution
1913:
1894:Manchu Restoration
1875:
1800: 782 BC
1723: 208 BC
1666:woodblock printing
1311:(Japan, 2010)
1017:Chinese characters
403:Simplified Chinese
384:Oracle bone script
258:Simplified Chinese
190:possibly contains
18:Chinese Simplified
12956:
12955:
12938:
12937:
12765:
12764:
12683:Written Cantonese
12678:
12677:
12460:Classical grammar
12455:Cantonese grammar
12290:
12289:
12187:
12186:
11993:
11992:
11912:
11911:
11774:
11773:
11481:
11480:
11268:
11267:
11158:Chengdu–Chongqing
10951:Sinitic languages
10907:
10906:
10903:
10902:
10825:tactile alphabets
10753:William Bell Wait
10746:Sabriye Tenberken
10547:
10546:
10412:
10411:
10397:(Japanese vowels)
10195:-mediated scripts
10122:-mediated scripts
9649:
9648:
9645:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9501:Ditema tsa Dinoko
9439:
9438:
9394:
9393:
9390:
9389:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9107:
9106:
8966:
8965:
8851:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8193:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8042:
8041:
7407:
7406:
7394:Teeline Shorthand
7152:
7151:
6966:978-0-87415-349-1
6941:978-0-231-54989-9
6932:10.7312/zhon19262
6914:978-90-272-1794-3
6895:978-1-55729-071-7
6873:978-1-138-90731-7
6854:978-0-374-92095-1
6832:978-0-521-64572-0
6795:978-91-628-6832-1
6717:Google Noto Fonts
6607:978-1-60384-615-8
6579:978-962-209-763-6
6360:, pp. 27–29.
6311:, pp. 27–28.
6249:, pp. 44–45.
6206:978-7-5135-4562-4
5657:
5656:
5649:
5359:is simplified to
5347:is not. Based on
3532:Removing radicals
2582:
2581:
2574:
2547:layout guidelines
2350:Peking University
2317:that toppled the
2315:Xinhai Revolution
2302:Republic of China
2294:
2293:
2081:Education reforms
2076:Feminist movement
1975:Anti-Confucianism
1969:
1928:French Revolution
1909:
1879:Second Revolution
1870:
1825:small seal script
1793:King Xuan of Zhou
1731:small seal script
1659:small seal script
1561:
1560:
1425:Zetian characters
1257:Kangxi Dictionary
965:is simplified to
895:
894:
887:
886:
844:Yale Romanization
755:Standard Mandarin
707:
706:
664:Yale Romanization
575:Standard Mandarin
519:
518:
389:Small seal script
253:
252:
245:
235:
234:
227:
192:original research
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
12981:
12948:
12947:
12920:Taiwanese Hangul
12809:Mainland Chinese
12722:
12721:
12713:
12712:
12638:
12637:
12315:Standard Chinese
12298:
12066:
12065:
11785:
11784:
11678:
11677:
11669:
11668:
11551:
11539:
11527:
11515:
11503:
11302:
11301:
10974:
10973:
10965:
10964:
10941:Chinese language
10934:
10927:
10920:
10911:
10910:
10896:
10889:
10887:Braille literacy
10882:
10864:
10857:
10850:
10843:
10836:
10815:
10808:
10801:
10794:
10787:
10780:
10773:
10755:
10748:
10741:
10734:
10727:
10720:
10713:
10706:
10688:
10681:
10679:Slate and stylus
10674:
10667:
10665:Perkins Brailler
10660:
10653:
10646:
10639:
10632:
10625:
10623:Braille embosser
10618:
10598:
10591:
10584:
10576:
10569:
10562:
10540:
10532:
10525:
10507:
10500:
10491:
10484:
10477:
10470:
10463:
10447:
10444:American Braille
10428:
10425:Algerian Braille
10405:
10398:
10390:
10383:
10375:
10368:
10361:
10354:
10346:
10339:
10332:
10314:
10306:
10299:
10292:
10285:
10278:
10271:
10264:
10257:
10250:
10243:
10220:
10212:
10205:
10181:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10139:
10132:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10067:
10060:
10053:
10040:
10039:
10035:
10028:
10021:
10014:
10007:
10000:
9992:
9985:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9957:
9950:
9943:
9936:
9929:
9922:
9915:
9908:
9900:
9893:
9886:
9879:
9872:
9865:
9858:
9851:
9844:
9837:
9830:
9823:
9816:
9809:
9797:
9790:
9783:
9775:
9768:
9761:
9754:
9739:
9738:
9727:
9720:
9713:
9706:
9689:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9655:
9654:
9445:
9444:
9400:
9399:
9306:
9305:
9298:Semi-syllabaries
9293:
9292:
8994:
8993:
8985:
8984:
8972:
8971:
8857:
8856:
8212:
8211:
8199:
8198:
8101:Japanese Braille
7686:Zanabazar square
7555:Nepalese scripts
7445:Bengali–Assamese
7435:
7434:
7426:
7425:
7413:
7412:
7330:Pitman shorthand
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7158:
7157:
7090:
7089:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7048:
7047:
7017:
6998:
6970:
6945:
6918:
6899:
6877:
6858:
6836:
6824:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6804:
6787:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6744:
6738:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6690:. Archived from
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6650:争鸣:繁体字教育进校园有必要吗?
6645:
6639:
6638:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6540:
6534:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6479:
6473:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6431:
6425:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6336:
6318:
6312:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6148:. Archived from
6137:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6121:Syndicated from
6120:
6118:
6117:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6059:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5960:
5939:
5935:
5926:
5924:
5913:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5845:
5844:
5805:
5652:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5632:
5601:
5593:
5512:
5508:
5432:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:, simplified to
4073:
4072:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4006:Each of the 132
4002:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2693:
2675:
2672:list containing
2650:
2645:
2624:
2595:, hereafter the
2577:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2497:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2385:
2343:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2165:A Madman's Diary
2119:New Confucianism
2114:Creation Society
1980:Social Darwinism
1965:
1850:
1849:
1822:
1819:
1801:
1799:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1628:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1272:(PRC, 2013)
1238:Digital encoding
1157:Modern typefaces
1040:
1027:
1013:
1012:
1010:on 5 June 2013.
982:
981:
976:
968:
964:
963:
958:
950:
906:Chinese language
883:
882:
881:
866:
865:
852:
851:
831:
830:
829:
814:
813:
800:
799:
798:
784:
783:
770:
769:
746:
745:
740:
739:
726:
725:
703:
702:
701:
686:
685:
672:
671:
651:
650:
649:
634:
633:
620:
619:
618:
604:
603:
590:
589:
566:
565:
560:
559:
544:
543:
521:
520:
515:
509:
505:
480:
477:
268:
255:
254:
248:
241:
230:
223:
219:
216:
210:
207:inline citations
183:
182:
175:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
146:
105:
81:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
12989:
12988:
12984:
12983:
12982:
12980:
12979:
12978:
12959:
12958:
12957:
12952:
12934:
12871:Tongyong Pinyin
12851:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
12839:Dungan Cyrillic
12822:
12791:
12761:
12702:
12693:Written Hokkien
12674:
12633:
12627:
12603:Middle Mandarin
12569:
12489:
12464:
12426:
12373:
12306:
12299:
12286:
12235:
12183:
12142:
12119:
12055:
11989:
11908:
11887:
11869:
11846:
11770:
11737:
11714:
11658:
11594:
11554:
11545:
11533:
11521:
11509:
11497:
11477:
11459:
11431:
11413:
11387:
11364:
11291:
11264:
11238:
11215:
11139:
11079:
11051:
11028:
11005:
10954:
10943:
10938:
10908:
10899:
10892:
10885:
10878:
10867:
10860:
10853:
10846:
10839:
10832:
10818:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10790:
10783:
10776:
10769:
10758:
10751:
10744:
10737:
10730:
10723:
10716:
10711:Charles Barbier
10709:
10702:
10691:
10684:
10677:
10670:
10663:
10656:
10649:
10642:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10614:
10601:
10594:
10587:
10579:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10543:
10535:
10528:
10521:
10510:
10503:
10496:
10487:
10480:
10473:
10466:
10461:
10450:
10442:
10436:Frequency-based
10431:
10423:
10408:
10401:
10393:
10386:
10378:
10371:
10364:
10357:
10349:
10342:
10335:
10328:
10317:
10309:
10302:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10267:
10260:
10253:
10246:
10239:
10232:Bharati Braille
10229:
10223:
10215:
10208:
10201:
10190:
10184:
10177:
10170:
10163:
10156:
10149:
10142:
10135:
10128:
10117:
10111:
10104:
10099:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10056:
10049:
10038:
10031:
10024:
10017:
10010:
10003:
9995:
9988:
9981:
9974:
9967:
9960:
9953:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9925:
9918:
9911:
9903:
9896:
9889:
9882:
9875:
9868:
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9826:
9819:
9812:
9806:Unified English
9800:
9793:
9786:
9778:
9771:
9764:
9757:
9750:
9735:Braille scripts
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9691:
9687:
9682:
9637:
9452:
9435:
9431:Stokoe notation
9407:
9386:
9345:
9300:
9279:
9263:
9227:
9206:Logoconsonantal
9201:
9150:
9103:
9072:
8979:
8962:
8943:Siglas poveiras
8864:
8843:
8802:
8706:Younger Futhark
8410:Gregg shorthand
8206:
8185:
8038:
7690:
7420:
7403:
7182:
7165:
7148:
7121:Writing systems
7109:
7084:
7082:writing systems
7075:
7024:
7014:
6995:
6978:
6976:Further reading
6973:
6967:
6958:
6942:
6915:
6896:
6886:Chinese Writing
6874:
6862:Li, Yu (2020).
6855:
6841:DeFrancis, John
6833:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6785:
6774:
6769:
6760:
6758:
6755:Financial Times
6751:
6745:
6741:
6728:
6724:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6697:
6695:
6688:The Japan Times
6680:
6676:
6667:
6665:
6659:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6608:
6594:
6590:
6580:
6572:. p. 105.
6562:
6558:
6547:
6541:
6537:
6529:
6525:
6514:
6508:
6504:
6494:
6492:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6468:
6464:
6455:
6453:
6447:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6416:
6412:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6380:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6352:
6344:
6340:
6333:
6319:
6315:
6303:
6299:
6281:
6277:
6269:
6265:
6257:
6253:
6245:
6241:
6232:
6230:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6193:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6155:
6153:
6138:
6131:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6044:
6042:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6013:
6011:
6009:www.unicode.org
6003:
5997:
5995:
5993:www.unicode.org
5987:
5981:
5977:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5936:
5929:
5914:
5910:
5905:
5860:
5855:
5853:
5848:Language portal
5846:
5839:
5836:
5827:Financial Times
5818:
5812:
5793:
5777:Han unification
5742:
5707:
5686:
5670:
5653:
5642:
5636:
5633:
5618:
5602:
5591:
5585:
5572:
5563:
5551:
5540:
5519:
5502:
5489:
5454:As part of the
5448:
5423:
5183:
5181:Inconsistencies
4951:
4945:
4909:
4895:
4572:
3970:
2702:
2691:
2673:
2662:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2622:
2617:Chart 3 of the
2614:
2587:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2552:Please help by
2551:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2505:
2495:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2416:
2403:
2397:
2379:
2362:
2290:
2261:
2260:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2123:Research Clique
2094:
2086:
2085:
2045:Democratization
2023:
2015:
2014:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1873:1911 Revolution
1868:
1860:
1848:
1834:clerical script
1820:
1808:big seal script
1796:
1762:
1719:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1615:
1609:
1604:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1566:
1557:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1495:
1472:
1438:
1437:Derived systems
1430:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1380:
1369:
1368:
1351:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1283:
1264:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1190:
1186:Properties and
1179:
1178:
1153:
1125:
1100:
1087:
1076:
1047:Written Chinese
1043:
1034:
970:
952:
806:Tongyong Pinyin
796:
626:Tongyong Pinyin
616:
486:
478:
475:
460:
419:
412:
394:Clerical script
379:
372:Related scripts
348:Official script
325:
318:
317:
280:
259:
249:
238:
237:
236:
231:
220:
214:
211:
196:
184:
180:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12987:
12977:
12976:
12971:
12954:
12953:
12943:
12940:
12939:
12936:
12935:
12933:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12915:Taiwanese kana
12912:
12911:
12910:
12905:
12895:
12894:
12893:
12888:
12886:Lessing-Othmer
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12830:
12828:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12799:
12793:
12792:
12790:
12789:
12784:
12783:
12782:
12777:
12766:
12763:
12762:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12728:
12719:
12710:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12688:Written Dungan
12685:
12679:
12676:
12675:
12673:
12672:
12667:
12666:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12644:
12642:
12635:
12629:
12628:
12626:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12595:
12593:Middle Chinese
12590:
12585:
12579:
12577:
12571:
12570:
12568:
12567:
12562:
12560:Wubi (Wang Ma)
12557:
12552:
12551:
12550:
12545:
12540:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12519:
12518:
12508:
12505:
12499:
12497:
12491:
12490:
12488:
12487:
12480:
12472:
12470:
12466:
12465:
12463:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12436:
12434:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12393:
12392:
12381:
12379:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12371:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12355:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12347:
12337:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12311:
12309:
12301:
12300:
12293:
12291:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12284:
12279:
12277:Xiangnan Tuhua
12274:
12269:
12264:
12262:Shaozhou Tuhua
12259:
12254:
12249:
12243:
12241:
12237:
12236:
12234:
12233:
12232:
12231:
12226:
12221:
12213:
12212:
12211:
12206:
12197:
12195:
12189:
12188:
12185:
12184:
12182:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12150:
12148:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12140:
12135:
12129:
12127:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12117:
12112:
12107:
12102:
12097:
12092:
12091:
12090:
12085:
12074:
12072:
12063:
12057:
12056:
12054:
12053:
12052:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12031:
12030:
12029:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12003:
12001:
11995:
11994:
11991:
11990:
11988:
11987:
11986:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11965:
11964:
11963:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11937:
11936:
11931:
11920:
11918:
11914:
11913:
11910:
11909:
11907:
11906:
11901:
11895:
11893:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11885:
11879:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11867:
11862:
11856:
11854:
11848:
11847:
11845:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11793:
11791:
11782:
11776:
11775:
11772:
11771:
11769:
11768:
11767:
11766:
11761:
11751:
11745:
11743:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11735:
11730:
11724:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11686:
11684:
11675:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11656:
11655:
11654:
11644:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11617:
11616:
11615:
11604:
11602:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11576:
11575:
11564:
11562:
11556:
11555:
11553:
11552:
11540:
11528:
11516:
11504:
11491:
11489:
11483:
11482:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11475:
11469:
11467:
11461:
11460:
11458:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11441:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11429:
11423:
11421:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11388:
11386:
11385:
11380:
11374:
11372:
11366:
11365:
11363:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11331:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11310:
11308:
11299:
11293:
11292:
11290:
11289:
11284:
11278:
11276:
11270:
11269:
11266:
11265:
11263:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11246:
11244:
11240:
11239:
11237:
11236:
11231:
11225:
11223:
11217:
11216:
11214:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11185:
11184:
11183:
11182:
11175:Renshou–Fushun
11172:
11171:
11170:
11160:
11149:
11147:
11141:
11140:
11138:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11111:
11110:
11100:
11095:
11089:
11087:
11085:Central Plains
11081:
11080:
11078:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11061:
11059:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11044:
11038:
11036:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11026:
11021:
11015:
11013:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10982:
10980:
10971:
10962:
10956:
10955:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10937:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10914:
10905:
10904:
10901:
10900:
10898:
10897:
10890:
10883:
10875:
10873:
10872:Related topics
10869:
10868:
10866:
10865:
10858:
10851:
10848:New York Point
10844:
10837:
10829:
10827:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10816:
10809:
10802:
10795:
10788:
10781:
10774:
10766:
10764:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10756:
10749:
10742:
10735:
10732:Harris Mowbray
10728:
10721:
10714:
10707:
10699:
10697:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10689:
10682:
10675:
10668:
10661:
10654:
10647:
10640:
10633:
10626:
10619:
10616:Braille e-book
10611:
10609:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10592:
10585:
10577:
10570:
10563:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10548:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10541:
10533:
10526:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10508:
10501:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10471:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10448:
10439:
10437:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10429:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10413:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10399:
10391:
10384:
10376:
10369:
10362:
10355:
10347:
10340:
10333:
10325:
10323:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10315:
10307:
10300:
10293:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10244:
10236:
10234:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10221:
10213:
10206:
10198:
10196:
10186:
10185:
10183:
10182:
10175:
10168:
10161:
10154:
10147:
10140:
10133:
10125:
10123:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10068:
10061:
10054:
10046:
10044:
10037:
10036:
10029:
10022:
10015:
10008:
10001:
9993:
9986:
9979:
9972:
9965:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9923:
9916:
9909:
9901:
9894:
9887:
9880:
9873:
9866:
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9831:
9824:
9817:
9810:
9798:
9791:
9784:
9776:
9769:
9762:
9755:
9747:
9745:
9743:French-ordered
9736:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9699:
9697:
9693:
9692:
9681:
9680:
9673:
9666:
9658:
9651:
9650:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9583:Linear Elamite
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9564:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9405:Sign languages
9396:
9395:
9392:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9384:
9382:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9357:Espanca script
9353:
9351:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9316:Linear Elamite
9312:
9310:
9302:
9301:
9289:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9235:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9202:
9200:
9199:
9197:Yi (Classical)
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9117:
9115:
9109:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9044:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9023:
9021:Bronze scripts
9018:
9013:
9008:
9002:
9000:
8991:
8981:
8980:
8968:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8853:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8842:
8841:
8836:
8834:Flag semaphore
8831:
8829:New York Point
8826:
8824:Telegraph code
8821:
8819:Maritime flags
8816:
8810:
8808:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8773:Visible Speech
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8743:Sorang Sompeng
8740:
8735:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8627:Galik alphabet
8624:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8525:Tironian notes
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8370:
8368:Garay alphabet
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8218:
8216:
8208:
8207:
8195:
8194:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8151:Sorang Sompeng
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8074:Déné syllabics
8071:
8061:
8056:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7677:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7432:
7422:
7421:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7369:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7357:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7335:Proto-Sinaitic
7332:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7315:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7196:
7195:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7167:
7166:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7096:
7094:
7086:
7085:
7074:
7073:
7066:
7059:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7023:
7022:External links
7020:
7019:
7018:
7012:
6999:
6993:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6965:
6946:
6940:
6919:
6913:
6900:
6894:
6878:
6872:
6859:
6853:
6837:
6831:
6814:
6794:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6739:
6722:
6704:
6674:
6640:
6637:on 2005-01-23.
6616:
6606:
6588:
6578:
6556:
6535:
6533:, p. 118.
6523:
6513:新加坡与中国调整简体字的评骘
6502:
6474:
6462:
6426:
6424:, p. 136.
6420:, p. 79;
6410:
6398:
6386:
6374:
6372:, pp. 32.
6362:
6350:
6338:
6331:
6313:
6297:
6284:Chao, Yuen Ren
6275:
6263:
6251:
6239:
6212:
6205:
6178:
6162:
6129:
6088:
6051:
6020:
5975:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5927:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5851:
5835:
5832:
5811:
5808:
5792:
5791:Internet usage
5789:
5741:
5738:
5706:
5705:Southeast Asia
5703:
5685:
5682:
5669:
5666:
5655:
5654:
5605:
5603:
5596:
5584:
5581:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5550:
5549:Mainland China
5547:
5539:
5536:
5524:hawker centres
5518:
5517:Southeast Asia
5515:
5501:
5498:
5488:
5485:
5467:People's Daily
5462:People's Daily
5447:
5446:Mainland China
5444:
5422:
5419:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5134:
5133:
5084:
5083:
5051:
5050:
5007:
5006:
4947:Main article:
4944:
4941:
4876:
4875:
4759:
4758:
4702:
4701:
4657:
4656:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4517:
4456:
4407:
4346:
4297:
4235:
4234:
4225:in Chart 2 as
4193:in Chart 2 to
4155:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4062:
3991:, not only is
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3908:
3907:
3863:
3862:
3794:
3793:
3677:
3676:
3597:
3596:
3529:
3528:
3472:
3471:
3415:
3414:
3343:
3342:
3263:
3262:
3194:
3193:
3065:
3064:
2960:
2959:
2765:
2764:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2678:vulgar variant
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2504:
2501:
2415:
2412:
2399:Main article:
2396:
2393:
2361:
2358:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:Notable people
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Xueheng School
2101:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2028:Westernization
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1844:
1776:. Ultimately,
1714:on the right.
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1476:Jurchen script
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1188:classification
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
918:mainland China
902:character sets
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
874:
868:
867:
864:Gaan2 tai2 zi6
860:
854:
853:
846:
840:
839:
837:Yue: Cantonese
833:
832:
822:
816:
815:
808:
802:
801:
792:
786:
785:
778:
772:
771:
764:
758:
757:
751:
750:
749:Transcriptions
742:
741:
734:
728:
727:
720:
714:
713:
709:
708:
705:
704:
694:
688:
687:
684:Gaan2 faa3 zi6
680:
674:
673:
666:
660:
659:
657:Yue: Cantonese
653:
652:
642:
636:
635:
628:
622:
621:
612:
606:
605:
598:
592:
591:
584:
578:
577:
571:
570:
569:Transcriptions
562:
561:
552:
546:
545:
536:
530:
529:
526:
525:
517:
516:
510:⟩, see
483:
482:
473:
467:
466:
462:
461:
459:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
422:
420:
418:Sister systems
417:
414:
413:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:Regular script
382:
380:
378:Parent systems
377:
374:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
349:
345:
344:
343:
342:
339:
334:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
288:
286:
282:
281:
276:
274:
270:
269:
261:
260:
251:
250:
233:
232:
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12986:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12966:
12964:
12951:
12941:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12900:
12899:
12896:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12844:
12840:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12834:Cyrillization
12832:
12831:
12829:
12825:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12798:
12794:
12788:
12785:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12772:
12771:
12768:
12767:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12726:Script styles
12723:
12720:
12718:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12705:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12671:
12668:
12664:
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12650:
12649:
12646:
12645:
12643:
12639:
12636:
12630:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12580:
12578:
12576:
12572:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12512:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12500:
12498:
12496:
12492:
12486:
12485:
12481:
12479:
12478:
12474:
12473:
12471:
12467:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12437:
12435:
12433:
12429:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12391:
12388:
12387:
12386:
12383:
12382:
12380:
12376:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12317:
12316:
12313:
12312:
12310:
12308:
12302:
12297:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12244:
12242:
12238:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12216:
12214:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12194:
12190:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12128:
12126:
12122:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12080:
12079:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12071:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12058:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12036:
12035:
12032:
12028:
12025:
12024:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12004:
12002:
12000:
11996:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11962:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11939:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11915:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11884:
11881:
11880:
11878:
11876:
11872:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11853:
11849:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11790:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11777:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11756:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11740:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11723:
11721:
11717:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11687:
11685:
11683:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11661:
11653:
11650:
11649:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11622:
11621:
11618:
11614:
11611:
11610:
11609:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11601:
11597:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11569:
11566:
11565:
11563:
11561:
11557:
11549:
11544:
11541:
11537:
11532:
11529:
11525:
11520:
11517:
11513:
11508:
11505:
11501:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11484:
11474:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11466:
11462:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11434:
11428:
11425:
11424:
11422:
11420:
11416:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11396:
11394:
11390:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11375:
11373:
11371:
11367:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11294:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11275:
11271:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11241:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11226:
11224:
11222:
11218:
11210:
11207:
11206:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11181:
11178:
11177:
11176:
11173:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11155:
11154:
11151:
11150:
11148:
11146:
11142:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11109:
11106:
11105:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11086:
11082:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11058:
11054:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11039:
11037:
11035:
11031:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11016:
11014:
11012:
11008:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10983:
10981:
10979:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10953:
10952:
10946:
10942:
10935:
10930:
10928:
10923:
10921:
10916:
10915:
10912:
10895:
10891:
10888:
10884:
10881:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10863:
10859:
10856:
10855:Night writing
10852:
10849:
10845:
10842:
10838:
10835:
10831:
10830:
10828:
10826:
10821:
10814:
10810:
10807:
10803:
10800:
10796:
10793:
10789:
10786:
10782:
10779:
10775:
10772:
10768:
10767:
10765:
10763:Organisations
10761:
10754:
10750:
10747:
10743:
10740:
10736:
10733:
10729:
10726:
10725:Valentin Haüy
10722:
10719:
10715:
10712:
10708:
10705:
10704:Louis Braille
10701:
10700:
10698:
10694:
10687:
10683:
10680:
10676:
10673:
10669:
10666:
10662:
10659:
10655:
10652:
10648:
10645:
10641:
10638:
10637:Braille watch
10634:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10597:
10593:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10578:
10575:
10571:
10568:
10564:
10561:
10560:Braille music
10557:
10556:
10554:
10550:
10538:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10524:
10523:Luxembourgish
10520:
10519:
10517:
10513:
10506:
10502:
10499:
10495:
10490:
10486:
10483:
10479:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10464:
10460:
10459:
10457:
10453:
10445:
10441:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10426:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10415:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10392:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10377:
10374:
10370:
10367:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10352:
10348:
10345:
10341:
10338:
10334:
10331:
10327:
10326:
10324:
10322:Other scripts
10320:
10312:
10308:
10305:
10301:
10298:
10294:
10291:
10287:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10273:
10270:
10266:
10263:
10259:
10256:
10252:
10249:
10245:
10242:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10226:
10218:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10187:
10180:
10176:
10173:
10169:
10166:
10162:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10141:
10138:
10134:
10131:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10114:
10103:
10098:
10095:
10094:Northern Sámi
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10075:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10062:
10059:
10055:
10052:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10043:Nordic family
10041:
10034:
10030:
10027:
10023:
10020:
10016:
10013:
10009:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9983:South African
9980:
9977:
9973:
9970:
9966:
9963:
9959:
9956:
9952:
9949:
9945:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9931:
9928:
9924:
9921:
9917:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9905:Luxembourgish
9902:
9899:
9895:
9892:
9888:
9885:
9881:
9878:
9874:
9871:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9839:
9836:
9832:
9829:
9825:
9822:
9818:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9803:
9799:
9796:
9792:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9770:
9767:
9763:
9760:
9756:
9753:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9744:
9740:
9737:
9733:
9726:
9722:
9719:
9718:ASCII braille
9715:
9712:
9708:
9705:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9694:
9686:
9679:
9674:
9672:
9667:
9665:
9660:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9455:
9451:
9446:
9442:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9410:
9406:
9401:
9397:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9348:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9294:
9290:
9276:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9266:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9249:Attic (Greek)
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9230:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9204:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9187:Proto-Elamite
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9114:
9110:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9075:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9003:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8973:
8969:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8867:
8863:
8858:
8854:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8805:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8701:Elder Futhark
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8619:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8592:Old Hungarian
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8420:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8200:
8196:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8126:Masaram Gondi
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8096:Gunjala Gondi
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7908:Old Sundanese
7906:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7851:Old Maldivian
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7834:Bilang-bilang
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7693:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7654:Sylheti Nagri
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7455:Brahmi script
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7414:
7410:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7350:South Arabian
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7296:Inscriptional
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7159:
7155:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7065:
7060:
7058:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7015:
7013:0-89346-293-4
7009:
7005:
7000:
6996:
6994:0-451-09262-7
6990:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6968:
6962:
6955:
6951:
6950:Zhou Youguang
6947:
6943:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6866:. Routledge.
6865:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6815:
6801:
6797:
6791:
6784:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6756:
6752:
6743:
6736:
6732:
6726:
6718:
6714:
6708:
6694:on 2008-12-26
6693:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6664:on 2008-03-17
6663:
6656:
6652:
6644:
6636:
6632:
6631:Qiānlóng wǎng
6628:
6620:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6548:
6546:新加坡汉字规范的回顾与前瞻
6539:
6532:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6506:
6490:
6486:
6478:
6471:
6466:
6452:on 2017-01-09
6451:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6430:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6402:
6395:
6390:
6383:
6378:
6371:
6366:
6359:
6354:
6347:
6342:
6334:
6332:0-415-31753-3
6328:
6325:. Routledge.
6324:
6317:
6310:
6306:
6301:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6273:, p. 17.
6272:
6267:
6261:, p. 19.
6260:
6255:
6248:
6243:
6229:on 2013-11-11
6228:
6224:
6216:
6208:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6182:
6174:
6166:
6152:on 2009-08-16
6151:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6134:
6112:on 2009-04-12
6111:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6078:on 2009-04-28
6077:
6070:
6066:
6058:
6056:
6041:on 2009-08-15
6040:
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5606:This section
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5452:
5443:
5436:
5431:战无不胜的毛泽东思想万岁!
5427:
5418:
5416:
5377:. Since both
5153:
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5149:
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5108:
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4710:
4709:
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4518:
4457:
4408:
4347:
4298:
4259:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4156:
4129:
4125:
4084:
4067:
4063:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3983:
3982:Complete List
3979:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:Complete List
3916:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3685:
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3480:
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3419:
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3202:
3201:
3200:
3198:
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2978:
2964:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:Complete List
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2653:Complete List
2643:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
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2548:
2543:This section
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2513:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2488:In 2013, the
2486:
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2456:
2424:
2423:
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2357:
2355:
2354:Qian Xuantong
2351:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:Yuen Ren Chao
2324:
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2287:
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2257:
2256:Qian Xuantong
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Qian Xuantong
2229:
2227:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
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2188:
2182:
2181:
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2147:
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2130:
2128:
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2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
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2100:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
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2043:
2039:
2036:
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2029:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
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1947:
1946:
1939:
1936:
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1931:
1929:
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1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
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1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:Aftermath of
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1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821: 100 AD
1815:
1814:
1813:Shuowen Jiezi
1809:
1805:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1717:
1713:
1684:—with either
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1599:
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1120:
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1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:script styles
1072:Evolution of
1069:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
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1009:
1008:State Council
1005:
1004:
998:
994:
989:
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956:
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927:
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859:
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834:
828:
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821:
817:
809:
807:
803:
797:Chien-tʻi-tzŭ
793:
791:
787:
779:
777:
773:
765:
763:
759:
756:
752:
747:
743:
735:
733:
729:
721:
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710:
700:
695:
693:
689:
681:
679:
675:
667:
665:
661:
658:
654:
648:
643:
641:
637:
629:
627:
623:
617:Chien-hua-tzŭ
613:
611:
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597:
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585:
583:
579:
576:
572:
567:
563:
558:
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531:
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463:
457:
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387:
386:
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381:
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364:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
340:
338:Left-to-right
337:
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327:
321:
314:
311:
309:
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271:
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200:
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193:
188:This article
186:
177:
176:
167:
164:
156:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
12856:Hanyu Pinyin
12846:Romanization
12753:Semi-cursive
12598:Old Mandarin
12555:Stroke count
12482:
12475:
12397:Old National
12240:Unclassified
11145:Southwestern
10978:Northeastern
10960:Major groups
10949:
10395:Thai and Lao
10072:Scandinavian
9704:1829 braille
9696:Braille cell
9496:Cypro-Minoan
9362:Pahawh Hmong
9275:Sitelen Pona
9239:Hindu-Arabic
9005:
8572:Mundari Bani
8146:Pahawh Hmong
7955:Tamil-Brahmi
7861:Eveyla Akuru
7856:Dhives Akuru
7323:Paleo-Hebrew
7190:
7126:undeciphered
7003:
6983:
6953:
6923:
6904:
6885:
6863:
6844:
6820:
6807:. Retrieved
6781:
6759:. Retrieved
6757:(in Chinese)
6754:
6747:Liu, Shahe.
6742:
6734:
6725:
6716:
6707:
6696:. Retrieved
6692:the original
6687:
6677:
6666:. Retrieved
6662:the original
6654:
6643:
6635:the original
6630:
6619:
6611:
6597:
6591:
6583:
6565:
6559:
6550:
6538:
6526:
6517:
6505:
6493:. Retrieved
6488:
6477:
6465:
6454:. Retrieved
6450:the original
6440:
6429:
6413:
6401:
6389:
6377:
6365:
6353:
6341:
6322:
6316:
6300:
6291:
6278:
6266:
6254:
6242:
6231:. Retrieved
6227:the original
6215:
6196:
6181:
6165:
6154:. Retrieved
6150:the original
6145:
6114:. Retrieved
6110:the original
6102:
6091:
6080:. Retrieved
6076:the original
6068:
6043:. Retrieved
6039:the original
6034:
6023:
6012:. Retrieved
6008:
5996:. Retrieved
5992:
5978:
5969:
5958:
5916:
5911:
5884:
5862:China portal
5825:
5819:
5801:language tag
5794:
5786:
5782:localisation
5774:
5751:
5743:
5719:
5708:
5699:
5687:
5679:
5671:
5662:
5658:
5643:
5634:
5619:Please help
5607:
5573:
5564:
5552:
5544:
5541:
5538:In education
5532:
5528:
5520:
5503:
5494:
5490:
5481:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5440:
5421:Distribution
5414:
5184:
5136:
5135:
5086:
5085:
5053:
5052:
5009:
5008:
4965:
4964:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4926:
4877:
4761:
4760:
4704:
4703:
4659:
4658:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4237:
4236:
4127:
4086:), include:
4065:
4011:
4007:
3981:
3973:
3971:
3910:
3909:
3865:
3864:
3796:
3795:
3679:
3678:
3599:
3598:
3531:
3530:
3474:
3473:
3417:
3416:
3345:
3344:
3265:
3264:
3196:
3195:
3067:
3066:
2962:
2961:
2767:
2766:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2687:
2681:
2669:
2652:
2619:General List
2618:
2597:General List
2596:
2590:
2588:
2568:
2559:
2544:
2521:
2506:
2489:
2487:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2420:
2417:
2404:
2388:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2335:
2319:Qing dynasty
2307:
2236:Shen Congwen
2171:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2049:
2010:New humanism
1908:
1837:
1816:dictionary (
1811:
1786:
1784:
1663:
1648:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1564:Nomenclature
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1402:
1392:
1379:and readings
1359:
1333:second round
1306:
1294:
1286:
1275:
1267:
1256:
1229:
1222:
1139:Semi-cursive
1080:
1035:
1001:
990:
938:
897:
896:
850:Gáan tái jih
762:Hanyu Pinyin
717:
670:Gáan faa jih
632:Jiǎn-huà-zìh
602:ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ
582:Hanyu Pinyin
533:
506:and ⟨
488:
328:1956–present
239:
221:
212:
189:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
12925:Xiao'erjing
12787:Punctuation
12780:Traditional
12733:Oracle bone
12717:Logographic
12613:Proto-Hakka
12588:Eastern Han
12583:Old Chinese
12445:Classifiers
12412:Northern Wu
12340:Singaporean
11546: [
11534: [
11522: [
11510: [
11498: [
10894:RoboBraille
10718:Róża Czacka
10658:Perforation
10455:Independent
10353:(Bhutanese)
10088:Greenlandic
9759:Azerbaijani
9561:Jindai moji
9450:Syllabaries
9421:SignWriting
9321:Celtiberian
9223:Hieroglyphs
9026:Seal script
9011:Traditional
8883:Blissymbols
8788:Warang Citi
8763:Tolong Siki
8716:Marcomannic
8696:Dalecarlian
8686:Anglo-Saxon
8666:Pau Cin Hau
8557:Medefaidrin
8510:Merovingian
8470:Blackletter
8378:Asomtavruli
8171:Warang Citi
7980:Ulu scripts
7925:New Tai Lue
7868:Mon–Burmese
7722:Bhattiprolu
7550:Nandinagari
7377:ʾEsṭrangēlā
7136:constructed
7028:Andrew West
6772:Works cited
6655:Xīnhuá wǎng
6446:中国教育和科研计算机网
6370:Bökset 2006
6358:Bökset 2006
6271:Bökset 2006
6259:Bökset 2006
5772:encodings.
5711:Philippines
5690:South Korea
5435:Xinhua Gate
5429:The slogan
4943:Novel forms
2695:simplified.
2690:) contains
2686:(hereafter
2660:Novel forms
2640: [
2626:simplified.
2607:characters.
2526:Methodology
2443:; the form
2387:(hereafter
2380: [
2251:Kang Youwei
2151:La Jeunesse
1904:Warlord Era
1830:Han dynasty
1788:Book of Han
1670:Qin dynasty
1655:Qin dynasty
1217:Orthography
1091:Oracle bone
812:Jiǎn-tǐ-zìh
782:ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄧˇ ㄗˋ
324:Time period
278:Logographic
273:Script type
12963:Categories
12876:Wade–Giles
12775:Simplified
12670:Vernacular
12663:in Vietnam
12516:Simplified
12503:Biaoxingma
12450:Honorifics
12385:Historical
12330:Philippine
12320:Sichuanese
12247:Badong Yao
11951:Shao–Jiang
11822:Philippine
11630:Xiangxiang
11625:Shuangfeng
11370:Taizhou Wu
11153:Sichuanese
10446:(obsolete)
10427:(obsolete)
10219:(Pakistan)
10130:Belarusian
10012:Vietnamese
9955:Portuguese
9941:Philippine
9898:Lithuanian
9551:Hentaigana
9546:Man'yōgana
9006:Simplified
8893:Ersu Shaba
8807:Non-linear
8612:Old Uyghur
8602:Old Permic
8597:Old Italic
8530:Visigothic
8465:Beneventan
8400:Glagolitic
8363:Gadabuursi
8027:Kolezhuthu
8022:Vatteluttu
7960:Tanchangya
7883:Saurashtra
7460:Devanagari
7318:Phoenician
7271:Manichaean
6809:2024-03-12
6761:2021-06-01
6713:"Noto CJK"
6698:2008-12-23
6668:2008-03-15
6495:8 November
6456:2017-01-09
6309:Zhong 2019
6233:2024-03-16
6156:2009-08-17
6146:China View
6116:2009-04-10
6082:2009-04-10
6045:2009-08-18
6014:2023-09-30
5998:2023-09-30
5946:References
5637:March 2018
5437:in Beijing
4949:Xin zixing
2510:underwent
2414:Since 1986
2372:Zhou Enlai
2352:professor
2346:Kuomintang
2246:Zhu Ziqing
2196:Chen Duxiu
2109:Communists
1995:Liberalism
1950:Ideologies
1867:Background
1727:Chancellor
1611:See also:
1607:Background
1451:man'yōgana
1377:Homographs
1230:xin zixing
1223:jiu zixing
1195:Components
1149:Flat brush
790:Wade–Giles
610:Wade–Giles
215:April 2018
199:improve it
153:April 2018
123:newspapers
52:improve it
12814:Taiwanese
12804:Cantonese
12648:Classical
12608:Proto-Min
12543:Microsoft
12402:Cantonese
12378:Phonology
12359:Cantonese
12350:Singdarin
12335:Malaysian
12325:Taiwanese
12229:Rongjiang
12219:Yongjiang
12215:Southern
12200:Northern
12174:Luo–Guang
12083:Hong Kong
12078:Guangzhou
12034:Taiwanese
12027:Changting
11961:Zhanjiang
11875:Zhongshan
11842:Malaysian
11837:Singapore
11802:Zhangzhou
11754:Zhongshan
11647:Yong–Quan
11543:Jing-Zhan
11473:Xuancheng
11450:Jiangshan
11329:Changzhou
11250:Junjiahua
11103:Guanzhong
10986:Changchun
10862:Vibratese
10841:Moon type
10834:Decapoint
10515:Eight-dot
10468:Cantonese
10417:Reordered
10380:Inuktitut
10269:Malayalam
10179:Ukrainian
10158:Mongolian
10137:Bulgarian
10100:Norwegian
10065:Icelandic
9856:Hungarian
9814:Esperanto
9766:Cantonese
9350:Redundant
9162:Anatolian
9113:Cuneiform
9041:bird-worm
8977:Logograms
8948:Testerian
8862:Ideograms
8839:Moon type
8726:Staveless
8617:Mongolian
8562:Molodtsov
8520:Sütterlin
8388:Mkhedruli
8254:Bassa Vah
8204:Alphabets
8176:Mwangwego
8141:Mwangwego
8116:Kharosthi
8069:Blackfoot
8032:Malayanma
7903:Sundanese
7898:Sukhothai
7846:Malayalam
7797:Khom Thai
7757:Goykanadi
7681:Tocharian
7634:ʼPhags-pa
7505:Khudabadi
7450:Bhaiksuki
7345:Samaritan
7276:Nabataean
7131:inventors
6957:中国语文的时代演进
6884:(2000) .
6882:Qiu Xigui
6843:(1972) .
6422:Chen 1999
6418:Zhou 2003
6406:Chen 1999
6394:Chen 1999
6382:Chen 1999
6346:Chen 1999
6305:Chen 1999
6064:汉字,该繁还是简?
5951:Citations
5886:Shinjitai
5822:Liu Shahe
5810:Criticism
5684:East Asia
5608:does not
5561:Hong Kong
5487:Hong Kong
4012:component
2965:(such as
2621:includes
2562:June 2024
2508:Singapore
2342:漢字不滅,中國必亡
2311:Lufei Kui
2216:Li Dazhao
2201:Guo Moruo
2172:The Tiger
2005:Communism
2000:Socialism
1990:Modernism
1985:Anarchism
1967:Scientism
1956:Democracy
1828:Qin. The
1712:component
1619:Qiu Xigui
1575:jiǎnhuàzì
1119:Bird-worm
926:Hong Kong
922:Singapore
588:Jiǎnhuàzì
471:ISO 15924
465:ISO 15924
362:Languages
356:Singapore
333:Direction
285:Published
203:verifying
58:talk page
12898:Bopomofo
12827:Phonetic
12819:Two-cell
12748:Clerical
12658:in Japan
12653:Adoption
12641:Official
12632:Literary
12507:Boshiamy
12484:Xiehouyu
12440:Numerals
12417:Mandarin
12345:Standard
12305:Standard
12179:Qin–Lian
12169:Yong–Xun
12154:Gao–Yang
12100:Jiujiang
12088:Malaysia
12022:Tingzhou
11973:Wenchang
11934:Jianyang
11924:Northern
11883:Sanxiang
11797:Quanzhou
11780:Southern
11749:Manjiang
11613:Changsha
11573:Nanchang
11568:Chang–Du
11465:Xuanzhou
11455:Qingtian
11409:Wencheng
11355:Jiangyin
11350:Jinxiang
11340:Shaoxing
11334:Hangzhou
11314:Shanghai
11255:Qinjiang
11163:Minjiang
11135:Xinjiang
11093:Dongping
11057:Jiaoliao
10996:Shenyang
10969:Mandarin
10498:Japanese
10359:Georgian
10351:Dzongkha
10337:Armenian
10255:Gujarati
10120:Cyrillic
10051:Estonian
10026:Yugoslav
9962:Romanian
9934:Nigerian
9849:Hawaiian
9835:Ghanaian
9752:Albanian
9613:Sumerian
9578:Linear B
9541:Katakana
9536:Hiragana
9486:Cherokee
9416:ASLwrite
9377:Bopomofo
9232:Numerals
9218:Hieratic
9177:Isthmian
9146:Sumerian
9126:Assyrian
9121:Akkadian
8778:Vithkuqi
8753:Tifinagh
8721:Medieval
8676:Pisidian
8671:Phrygian
8642:Vagindra
8587:Ol Chiki
8495:Interlac
8450:Kayah Li
8440:Jenticha
8395:Veso Bey
8383:Nuskhuri
8373:Georgian
8343:Formosan
8338:Etruscan
8333:Enochian
8289:Cyrillic
8274:Coelbren
8232:Armenian
8131:Meroitic
8121:Mandombe
8111:Jenticha
7975:Tigalari
7940:Tai Viet
7935:Tai Tham
7915:Tagbanwa
7767:Javanese
7717:Baybayin
7707:Balinese
7695:Southern
7590:Pracalit
7585:Pachumol
7560:Bhujimol
7520:Mahajani
7480:Gurmukhi
7470:Gujarati
7438:Northern
7418:Abugidas
7399:Ugaritic
7387:Maḏnḥāyā
7261:Tifinagh
7254:Solitreo
7192:Numerals
7105:Grapheme
7093:Overview
6985:Alphabet
6952:(2003).
6800:Archived
6294:. 11–15.
6288:Hu, Shih
6247:Qiu 2000
6192:现代汉语规范词典
5834:See also
5766:Japanese
5758:GB 18030
5143:becomes
5016:becomes
4972:becomes
4912:radical
4906:⽊
4261:), thus
2022:Practice
1735:the wars
1700:'window'
1590:jiǎntǐzì
1504:Bopomofo
1465:katakana
1458:hiragana
1418:Variants
1361:kyūjitai
1212:Radicals
1162:Fangsong
1129:Clerical
967:⼏
949:⼓
858:Jyutping
776:Bopomofo
768:Jiǎntǐzì
678:Jyutping
596:Bopomofo
504:/ /
500:Help:IPA
456:Bopomofo
12797:Braille
12758:Cursive
12708:Scripts
12575:History
12565:ZhengMa
12511:Cangjie
12477:Chengyu
12432:Grammar
12407:Hokkien
12364:Hokkien
12272:Waxiang
12252:Danzhou
12224:Guandao
12209:Younian
12204:Tongdao
12193:Pinghua
12133:Taishan
12049:Raoping
12017:Huizhou
12007:Meixian
11983:Banqiao
11956:Leizhou
11946:Pu–Xian
11941:Central
11929:Jian'ou
11904:Longyan
11852:Teochew
11789:Hokkien
11764:Nanlang
11720:Fu–Ning
11700:Changle
11682:Houguan
11673:Eastern
11620:Loushao
11608:Changyi
11590:Da–Tong
11585:Ying–Yi
11531:Yanzhou
11399:Wenzhou
11392:Oujiang
11383:Tiantai
11378:Taizhou
11287:Zhi–Yan
11234:Nantong
11229:Nanjing
11204:Gui–Liu
11194:Nanping
11189:Kunming
11115:Luoyang
11070:Qingdao
11042:Tianjin
11019:Beijing
11011:Beijing
10403:Tibetan
10344:Burmese
10330:Amharic
10313:(India)
10290:Sinhala
10283:Punjabi
10262:Kannada
10210:Persian
10165:Russian
10105:Swedish
10083:Finnish
10058:Faroese
10033:Zambian
10005:Turkish
9990:Spanish
9913:Maltese
9891:Latvian
9884:Italian
9863:Iñupiaq
9842:Guarani
9802:English
9773:Catalan
9690:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
9685:Braille
9568:Kikakui
9506:Eskayan
9491:Cypriot
9341:Dunging
9213:Demotic
9192:Tenevil
9136:Hittite
9131:Elamite
9084:Jurchen
9063:Sawndip
9058:Chữ Nôm
8958:Zapotec
8953:Yerkish
8928:Nsibidi
8913:Miꞌkmaw
8903:Isotype
8873:Adinkra
8814:Braille
8798:Zaghawa
8768:Vellara
8748:Sunuwar
8738:Sidetic
8733:Shavian
8661:Osmanya
8651:Ol Onal
8505:Kurrent
8490:Insular
8480:Fraktur
8455:Klingon
8445:Kaddare
8419:Archaic
8328:Elbasan
8316:Chinook
8306:Deseret
8294:Bosnian
8249:Avoiuli
8237:Avestan
8227:Ariyaka
8156:Tengwar
8054:Bharati
8015:Serawai
8005:Pasemah
7990:Lampung
7945:Lai Tay
7930:Tai Noi
7893:Sinhala
7873:Pallava
7841:Makasar
7829:Lontara
7804:Kulitan
7777:Kannada
7772:Kadamba
7762:Hanunoo
7752:Grantha
7747:Fakkham
7664:Tibetan
7649:Soyombo
7644:Siddhaṃ
7639:Sharada
7615:Litumol
7605:Tirhuta
7595:Ranjana
7580:Kvemmol
7540:Multani
7525:Marchen
7490:Kalinga
7430:Brahmic
7367:Sogdian
7306:Psalter
7286:Pahlavi
7266:Mandaic
7244:Cursive
7229:Elymaic
7200:Aramaic
6470:Li 2020
5923:经过简化的汉字
5880:Ryakuji
5820:Author
5804:zh-Hans
5762:Unicode
5754:GB 2312
5709:In the
5629:removed
5614:sources
5099:become
4908:
4894:
4530:, thus
4469:, thus
4420:, thus
4359:, thus
4310:, thus
4064:The 14
2743:乾、幹、榦、干
2731:復、複、覆、复
2719:蒙、懞、濛、矇
2331:Hu Shih
2241:Yu Dafu
2226:Mao Dun
2211:Lao She
2206:Hu Shih
1961:Science
1761:, with
1725:), the
1602:History
1480:Khitan
1322:Reforms
1200:Strokes
1144:Regular
1134:Cursive
1062:Chữ Hán
985:cursive
969:
951:
945:strokes
941:radical
492:in the
436:Chữ Nôm
366:Chinese
197:Please
137:scholar
12866:Postal
12861:MPS II
12738:Bronze
12618:Ba–Shu
12538:Google
12533:Pinyin
12469:Idioms
12282:Yeheni
12164:Wu–Hua
12159:Goulou
12138:Xinhui
12115:Dapeng
12110:Weitou
12095:Xiguan
12070:Yuehai
12039:Sixian
11978:Haikou
11968:Hainan
11899:Zhenan
11865:Haklau
11860:Swatow
11832:Penang
11817:Taiwan
11812:Chawan
11759:Longdu
11728:Ningde
11705:Gutian
11695:Fuqing
11690:Fuzhou
11652:Qiyang
11635:Wugang
11580:Yi–Liu
11507:Xiu-Yi
11495:Ji-She
11445:Quzhou
11437:Chu–Qu
11427:Jinhua
11419:Wuzhou
11404:Rui'an
11345:Ningbo
11319:Suzhou
11209:Wuming
11180:Zigong
11168:Leshan
11130:Lanyin
11125:Dungan
11120:Xuzhou
11098:Gangou
11075:Weihai
11065:Dalian
11024:Taiwan
10991:Harbin
10823:Other
10696:People
10686:Braigo
10505:Korean
10373:Hebrew
10304:Telugu
10203:Arabic
10193:Arabic
10151:Kyrgyz
10144:Kazakh
10078:Danish
9976:Slovak
9969:Samoan
9948:Polish
9927:Navajo
9828:German
9821:French
9688:
9633:Yugtun
9623:Woleai
9573:Kpelle
9556:Sōgana
9476:Byblos
9254:Muisca
9172:Cretan
9141:Luwian
9099:Tangut
8918:Mixtec
8888:Dongba
8793:Yezidi
8783:Wancho
8758:Todhri
8711:Gothic
8691:Cipher
8632:Manchu
8622:Evenki
8607:Orkhon
8552:Manchu
8547:Lydian
8542:Lycian
8485:Gaelic
8435:Hanifi
8430:Hangul
8405:Gothic
8353:Fraser
8348:Fox II
8284:Coptic
8259:Carian
8242:Pazend
8215:Linear
8161:Thaana
8106:Sarati
8047:Others
8010:Rejang
7995:Lembak
7985:Incung
7965:Telugu
7920:Tai Le
7814:Langdi
7737:Chakma
7627:Karani
7600:Tamyig
7575:Kummol
7570:Himmol
7565:Golmol
7545:Nagari
7530:Meitei
7515:Lepcha
7500:Khojki
7485:Kaithi
7372:Syriac
7360:Musnad
7239:Ashuri
7234:Hebrew
7217:Elifba
7212:Arabic
7205:Hatran
7180:Abjads
7010:
6991:
6963:
6938:
6911:
6892:
6870:
6851:
6829:
6792:
6750:简化字不讲理
6604:
6576:
6442:CERNET
6329:
6203:
6103:Xinhua
6069:Xinhua
5970:GOV.cn
5770:Korean
5668:Europe
5500:Taiwan
5472:Xinhua
5417:list.
5365:, and
4910:'TREE'
4896:'HAND'
4890:. The
4142:, but
2338:Lu Xun
2221:Lu Xun
2191:Ba Jin
1839:libian
1709:'Moon'
1632:zìxíng
1394:Kanbun
1345:debate
1261:(1716)
1096:Bronze
934:Taiwan
932:, and
508:
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
12930:Nüshu
12634:forms
12548:Sogou
12495:Input
12369:Hakka
12307:forms
12147:Other
12105:Shiqi
12044:Hailu
12012:Wuhua
11999:Hakka
11917:Other
11892:Other
11827:Pedan
11742:Other
11733:Fu'an
11710:Matsu
11642:Ji–Xu
11600:Xiang
11550:]
11538:]
11526:]
11519:Qi-De
11514:]
11502:]
11360:Shadi
11306:Taihu
11260:Gyami
11243:Other
11199:Wuhan
11108:Xi'an
11047:Jinan
10539:(GS8)
10530:Kanji
10388:Khmer
10366:Greek
10297:Tamil
10230:i.e.
10191:i.e.
10172:Tatar
10118:i.e.
10019:Welsh
9920:Māori
9877:Irish
9795:Dutch
9788:Czech
9598:Nüshu
9466:Bamum
9461:Afaka
9268:Other
9259:Roman
9244:Abjad
9167:Bagam
9068:Bowen
9053:Kanji
9048:Hanja
9036:small
9031:large
8938:Olmec
8908:Kaidā
8898:Emoji
8878:Aztec
8681:Runic
8656:Osage
8637:Oirat
8582:Ogham
8515:Sigla
8460:Latin
8415:Greek
8299:Early
8269:Cirth
8222:Adlam
8091:Geʽez
8086:Fox I
7950:Tamil
7809:Lanna
7792:Khmer
7782:Karen
7732:Buhid
7712:Batak
7669:Uchen
7659:Takri
7610:Limbu
7510:Laṇḍā
7495:Khema
7475:Gupta
7465:Dogri
7382:Serṭā
7355:Zabur
7340:Punic
7313:Pegon
7249:Rashi
7163:Types
7114:Lists
7078:Types
6803:(PDF)
6786:(PDF)
6549:[
6516:[
6195:[
5903:Notes
5694:MPS I
5675:TAFEs
4824:鬦、鬪、鬭
4692:災、烖、菑
4635:虖、嘑、謼
2644:]
2384:]
1768:'eye'
1716:Li Si
1691:'Sun'
1623:shape
1499:Nüshu
1489:small
1484:large
1309:kanji
1259:forms
1205:order
1114:Small
1109:Large
1057:Hanja
1052:Kanji
973:TABLE
930:Macau
496:(IPA)
479:(501)
441:Hanja
431:Kanji
352:China
144:JSTOR
130:books
12891:Yale
12881:EFEO
12743:Seal
12528:Dayi
12125:Siyi
11807:Amoy
11324:Wuxi
11221:Huai
11034:Jilu
10311:Urdu
10276:Odia
10217:Urdu
9593:Loma
9588:Lisu
9531:Kana
9521:Iban
9511:Geba
9471:Bété
9426:si5s
9336:Khom
9309:Full
9182:Maya
8577:N'Ko
8136:Miao
8081:Dham
8000:Ogan
7970:Thai
7888:Shan
7824:Leke
7787:Kawi
7742:Cham
7727:Buda
7702:Ahom
7622:Odia
7535:Modi
7291:Book
7008:ISBN
6989:ISBN
6961:ISBN
6936:ISBN
6909:ISBN
6890:ISBN
6868:ISBN
6849:ISBN
6827:ISBN
6790:ISBN
6602:ISBN
6574:ISBN
6497:2023
6327:ISBN
6201:ISBN
5915:The
5795:The
5768:and
5728:and
5612:any
5610:cite
5477:Big5
5469:and
5407:and
5389:and
5093:and
4201:and
4187:and
4175:and
4163:and
3980:The
3961:头(斗)
3949:龙(尤)
3937:发(友)
3925:义(乂)
2971:and
2773:草書楷化
2692:7000
2674:6196
2649:1027
2623:1753
2496:8105
2482:8300
2478:1000
2474:2500
2464:7000
2458:The
1785:The
1650:zìtǐ
1637:form
1444:Kana
1307:Jōyō
1167:Ming
1104:Seal
995:, a
955:WRAP
920:and
476:Hans
313:2013
308:1988
303:1977
298:1964
293:1956
116:news
12623:Gan
12523:CKC
12390:Old
12267:She
12257:Mai
12061:Yue
11664:Min
11560:Gan
11487:Hui
11336:(?)
11274:Jin
11001:Taz
9870:IPA
9618:Vai
9526:Idu
9094:Sui
8567:Mru
8537:Luo
8500:IPA
8181:Rma
7878:Pyu
7819:Lao
7674:Umê
7080:of
6928:doi
6733:in
6658:新华网
6187:简体字
6124:新京报
6106:新华网
6072:新华网
5688:In
5623:by
5371:to
4842:厤、暦
4806:唘、啓
4749:獃、騃
4204:⿰讠夸
4151:⿰衤习
3931:髮、發
3898:裡/裏
3587:關/関
3563:裡/裏
3450:歷、曆
2977:):
2776:):
2755:髮、發
1693:or
1678:or
1580:简体字
1570:简化字
1404:Idu
1172:Hei
872:IPA
820:IPA
738:簡體字
724:简体字
692:IPA
640:IPA
557:簡化字
541:简化字
201:by
99:by
12965::
11548:zh
11536:zh
11524:zh
11512:zh
11500:zh
11297:Wu
9628:Yi
7030:,
6934:.
6798:.
6715:.
6686:.
6610:.
6582:.
6568:.
6439:.
6286:;
6189:.
6144:.
6132:^
6101:.
6067:.
6054:^
6033:.
6007:.
5991:.
5968:.
5930:^
5925:).
5830:.
5395:→
5383:→
5353:,
5329:→
5317:→
5305:→
5287:,
5281:→
5275:,
5269:→
5263:,
5257:→
5245:→
5239:,
5233:→
5227:,
5221:→
5215:,
5209:→
5203:,
5197:→
5171:→
5165:;
5159:→
5150::
5127:→
5121:;
5115:→
5106::
5077:→
5071:;
5065:→
5056::
5044:→
5038:;
5032:→
5023::
5000:→
4994:;
4988:→
4979::
4924:.
4869:→
4863:→
4857:;
4851:→
4845:→
4839:;
4833:→
4827:→
4821:;
4815:→
4809:→
4803:;
4797:→
4791:→
4785:;
4779:→
4773:→
4764::
4752:→
4746:;
4740:→
4734:;
4728:→
4722:;
4716:→
4707::
4695:→
4689:;
4683:→
4677:;
4671:→
4662::
4650:→
4644:;
4638:→
4632:;
4626:→
4620:;
4614:→
4608:;
4602:→
4596:;
4590:→
4581::
4560:→
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