133:
882:
226:
36:
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1096:, is a display of capability and shows readiness to take action in the choke point. The strategic value of maritime choke points such as the Strait of Hormuz means that the threats to the choke point influence sharp rises in oil prices. The several attacks which have occurred over the last decade against oil facilities and tankers in or near the Strait of Hormuz, has had a large impact on the
918:
The choke points still have significant strategic importance for the Royal Navy. The GIUK gap is particularly important to the Royal Navy, as any attempt by northern
European forces to break into the open Atlantic would have to do so through the heavily defended English Channel, which is also the
927:
at the entrance to the
Mediterranean, Spain (northern coast), France (Atlantic coast) and Portugal are the only mainland European nations that have direct access to the Atlantic Ocean in a way that cannot be easily blocked at a choke point by the Royal Navy. The GIUK gap was also a strategically
1492:"Left of Splash" Legal Issues Related to the Use of Force to Counter Mining in the Strait of Hormuz. In: Schildknecht, J., Dickey, R., Fink, M. & Ferris, L. (eds.) Operational Law in International Straits and Current Maritime Security Challenges
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is one of the largest security threats in the Strait of Hormuz and remains an essential factor in global energy security, due to the high volume of oil and natural gas passing through the narrow openings on a daily basis. The
1245:
999:
carry 4.5 million barrels (190,000,000 US gal; 720,000 m) a day, and the canal carried a total of 7.5% of world trade in 2011. The canal was closed for eight years after the
1003:
in 1967. In many instances, alternate routes are nonexistent or impractical. For example, an alternate to the Suez/Sumed route required an additional 6,000 miles (9,700 km) around
948:. In 2018, 20.7 million barrels per day were transported through the strait. The choke point has undergone continuous unrest since the 1980s. This includes, the downing of
870:, which often used them to control trade in British colonies and, to a lesser extent, for defense. Choke points have also been a source of tension, notably during the
1092:
has also been used as a strategy to threaten the security of the Strait of Hormuz. Lastly, the many naval exercises and unconventional methods used by the
944:
Choke points remain a prominent issue today in the global economy and shipments of goods, particularly oil: 20% of the world's oil is shipped through the
874:. The Royal Navy still deems its choke points as strategically vital. Indeed, the importance of choke points was first recognised by British Admiral
1602:
136:
The Strait of
Gibraltar is an important naval choke point, as entry to the Mediterranean Sea can be blocked there by a small number of vessels.
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414:(Wallace had around 2,300 men against the English army of about 9,000 to 12,000 men and the bridge collapsed during the battle); and the
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a much larger opponent, as the attacker cannot advance any further without first securing passage through the choke point.
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988:. Most recently, in April 2020, statements from Iran's military shows its readiness to defend its territorial integrity.
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meant it had control over much of the world's oceans and seas. Choke points were of huge importance to the
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1616:
Yadlin, A.; Guazansky, Y. (2012). "The Strait of Hormuz: Assessing and
Neutralizing the Threat".
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46:
1246:"Top Iranian general warns U.S. against 'dangerous behavior' in Persian Gulf after Trump threat"
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has used its sovereignty to threaten to close down the Strait of Hormuz multiple times, due to
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Rezaei, F. (2019). "Iran's
Military Capability: The Structure and Strength of Forces".
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leaving the
Americas would have to pass through those waters to pick up the strong,
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Pham, J. P. (2010). "Iran's Threat to the Strait of Hormuz: A Realist
Assessment".
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Kahl, C. H. (2012). "Not Time to Attack Iran: Why War Should Be a Last Resort".
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Security and
Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography
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also still deems its choke points to the
Atlantic as strategically important.
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Critical pathway through land or water, through which an armed force must pass
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1386:
Katzman, K., Nerurkar, N., O'Rourke, R., Mason, R. C. & Ratner, M. 2012.
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world's busiest shipping lane, or through one of the exits on either side of
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610:
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431:
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was seen as one of the potentially decisive bottleneck battlegrounds of the
200:. A choke point can allow a numerically inferior defending force to use the
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1220:"Iran says ready for U.S. waivers end, as Guards threaten to shut Hormuz"
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Some historical examples of the tactical use of choke points are King
1155:. 21 Bloomsbury Square, London: Quercus Publishing PLC. p. 169.
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Waterbodies connecting the
Pacific and Atlantic oceans including:
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From the 18th to the early 20th centuries, the sheer size of the
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and threats of a strait closure in 2018 and 2019 made by the
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1316:"Egypt: Will U.S. And NATO Launch Second Suez Intervention?"
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Some choke points, with important locations in parentheses:
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using a small army (consisting mainly of lightly equipped
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of The Islamic Republic of Iran extends, beyond its land
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capabilities including small attack craft equipped with
1402:"Strait of Hormuz: Why does Iran threaten to close it?"
1343:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. July 25, 2017
1291:"War of words raises fresh fears of US–Iran Gulf clash"
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the country. This poses serious threats to the global
1576:
University, Rockford Weitz, Tufts (January 7, 2020).
1466:"Iran Deploys Missiles Covering The Strait Of Hormuz"
449:
offered several maritime choke points that attracted
1193:"Why U.S.–Iran Feud Keeps Focus on Strait of Hormuz"
438:
at the Englishmen through a narrow muddy gap in the
1578:"Explainer: Could Iran close the Strait of Hormuz?"
1507:
Independence without Freedom: Iran's Foreign Policy
936:submarines trying to break into the open Atlantic.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1191:
1014:
1141:
19:For the US Department of Justice initiative, see
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184:is forced to pass through in order to reach its
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889:, a choke point south of England and north of
472:that would take them back to Spain across the
156:, is a geographical feature on land such as a
1601:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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896:These are major British choke points today:
254:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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854:
1243:
1218:Evans, D.; Heavens, L. (April 22, 2019).
1147:
318:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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461:in the 17th and early 18th century. The
361:by adding descriptive text and removing
188:, sometimes on a substantially narrowed
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1562:Hicks, K. H. & Dalton, M. G. 2017.
430:) when the much larger force of French
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1564:Deterring Iran after the Nuclear Deal
1388:Iran’s Threat to the Strait of Hormuz
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192:and therefore greatly decreasing its
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909:(between Greenland, Iceland, and UK)
329:
252:adding citations to reliable sources
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1289:Marcus, Jonathan (April 24, 2020).
410:'s victory over the English at the
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970:U.S.–Iranian naval dispute in 2008
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1530:American Foreign Policy Interests
1509:. University of Virginia Press.
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1338:"World Oil Transit Chokepoints"
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956:in 1988, the collision between
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1400:Lahabi, Omid (June 28, 2019).
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459:the height of their activities
198:bring superior numbers to bear
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445:The many archipelagos of the
25:Chokepoint (The Walking Dead)
1033:The Islamic Republic of Iran
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1566:, Rowman & Littlefield.
1362:Mojtahed-Zadeh, D. (2013).
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172:passage through a critical
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1390:, CRS Report for Congress.
1124:Sea lines of communication
1100:. From the perspective of
390:during an invasion led by
23:. For the TV episode, see
18:
1542:10.1080/10803921003697542
556:(and oil coming from the
412:Battle of Stirling Bridge
396:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1505:Ramazani, R. K. (2013).
1490:Henseler, S. P. (2018).
1175:: CS1 maint: location (
1129:String of Pearls (China)
986:Islamic Republic of Iran
811:United States of America
422:decisively defeated the
1074:anti-access/area denial
1048:and its islands in the
855:Royal Navy choke points
463:Spanish treasure fleets
363:less pertinent examples
196:by making it harder to
1647:International security
1244:Cunnigham, E. (2020).
1190:Smith, Lee G. (2020).
958:nuclear submarine USS
954:surface-to-air missile
928:important part of the
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796:(Chile and Argentina)
751:, Denmark and Sweden)
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21:Operation Choke Point
1618:Strategic Assessment
1066:sanctions imposed on
248:improve this section
194:combat effectiveness
54:improve this article
1270:. December 14, 2017
1250:The Washington Post
1119:Strategic geography
950:Iran Air Flight 655
913:Strait of Gibraltar
638:Strait of Gibraltar
416:Battle of Agincourt
388:Pass of Thermopylae
359:improve the article
216:Historical examples
1662:Military geography
1652:Military logistics
1264:"Strait of Hormuz"
1082:anti-ship missiles
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780:Strait of Magellan
684:Crown Dependencies
420:Henry V of England
392:Xerxes I of Persia
386:'s defense of the
138:
1657:Military strategy
1162:978-1-84724-776-6
1023:, connecting the
1005:Cape of Good Hope
962:and crude tanker
821:Strait of Tartary
646:Mediterranean Sea
597:Mediterranean Sea
562:Mediterranean Sea
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1021:Strait of Hormuz
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696:connecting the
670:separating the
668:English Channel
664:Strait of Dover
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591:connecting the
560:region) to the
550:Turkish straits
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267:"Choke point"
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233:This section
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71: –
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69:"Choke point"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
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1585:. Retrieved
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1536:(2): 64–74.
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1298:. Retrieved
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1268:Crisis Group
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1223:
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1098:oil industry
1090:Naval mining
1078:machine guns
1050:Persian Gulf
1025:Persian Gulf
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960:Newport News
959:
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838:
825:Sea of Japan
770:Panama Canal
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1515:j.ctt6wrj9g
1494:. Springer.
1038:sovereignty
1029:Arabian Sea
1001:Six-Day War
876:John Fisher
872:Suez Crisis
629:Afghanistan
625:Khyber Pass
617:(Egypt and
582:Dardanelles
558:Caspian Sea
510:Arabian Sea
182:armed force
180:, which an
146:choke point
110:August 2008
1636:Categories
1582:Navy Times
1453:: 183–214.
1434:: 166–173.
1135:References
1070:oil market
1009:Royal Navy
993:Suez Canal
964:Mogamigawa
940:Importance
864:Royal Navy
755:Kiel Canal
717:Baltic Sea
702:Baltic Sea
640:along the
589:Suez Canal
467:prevailing
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428:longbowmen
384:Leonidas I
351:irrelevant
278:newspapers
176:such as a
154:bottleneck
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1550:154650063
1198:Bloomberg
1171:cite book
1086:torpedoes
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925:Gibraltar
841:Fulda Gap
788:Argentina
745:Skagerrak
721:North Sea
676:North Sea
654:Gibraltar
572:Bosphorus
554:Black Sea
544:Indonesia
447:Caribbean
440:Azincourt
418:in which
402:defeated
398:in which
347:excessive
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186:objective
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1406:euronews
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1056:and the
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966:in 2007
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759:Germany
731:Denmark
706:Finland
658:Morocco
615:Red Sea
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540:Sumatra
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490:to the
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451:pirates
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241:sources
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190:front
168:, or
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1603:link
1589:2020
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