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3100:- While Article 40 states: "all persons in Malta shall have full freedom of conscience and enjoy the free exercise of their respective mode of religious worship.", Article 2 states: "(1) The religion of Malta is the Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion. (2) The authorities of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church have the duty and the right to teach which principles are right and which are wrong. (3) Religious teaching of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith shall be provided in all State schools as part of compulsory education."
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2616:, acknowledges that there is a "genuine tension ... between Christianity and the political order" that Rousseau was acknowledging, arguing that "many Christians would, after all, agree with him that a 'Christian republic' is a contradiction in terms" and that the two live "in an uneasy relationship in actual states, and social cohesion has often been bought at the price of Christian universalism".
3186:
reasons of public order. The State will extend to the
Catholic Church, without any cost, titles of ownership of the real assets which it holds peacefully for its own purposes, as long as they have formed part of the patrimony of the Catholic Church in the past. The property assigned to third parties or those
3006:
and with every other Church of Christ of the same doctrine, observing unwaveringly, as they do, the holy apostolic and syn- odal canons and sacred traditions. It is autocephalous and is administered by the Holy Synod of serving
Bishops and the Permanent Holy Synod originating thereof and assembled as
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Machiavelli observes that
Christianity in practice has not met the ideals of its foundation, and that the resultant corruption leads, when mixed with secular political ideals, to something that is neither good religion nor good politics. Further, he argues, whilst Christianity does not preclude love
2628:
Rousseau's thesis is that the two are incompatible because they make different demands upon the virtuous man. Christianity, according to
Rousseau, demands submission (variously termed "servitude" or "slavery" by scholars of his work) to imposed authority and resignation, and requires focus upon the
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Calvinism played an important role in the republican revolts in
England and the Netherlands. Like the city-states of Italy and the Hanseatic League, both were important trading centres, with a large merchant class prospering from the trade with the New World. Large parts of the population of both
3185:
The juridical personality of the
Catholic Church is recognized. The other churches, cults, entities, and associations of religious character will obtain the recognition of their juridical personality in accordance with the rules of their institution and the Government may not deny it aside from
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for one's country, it does require citizens to endure damage to republican government, stating that the best civic virtue in regards to a republic is to show no mercy to the republic's enemies and to put to death or to enslave the inhabitants of an opposing city that has been defeated.
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Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the
Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with
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Earlier during the Dutch Revolt, many autonomous cities in the
Southern Netherlands also came under the control of radical Calvinists, especially in the years 1577–1578, and formed so-called Calvinist republics. Due to its extreme theocratic tendencies, the most notable was the
2608:(in book 4, chapter 8), echoed this, saying that "I am mistaken in saying 'a Christian republic'; the two words are mutually exclusive.". However, Rousseau's point was subtly different, in that he was asserting that a civic identity cannot be moulded out of Christianity.
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did not call for the abolition of monarchy, but he advanced the doctrine that the faithful had the right to overthrow irreligious monarchs. During 1536–8 and 1541–64, Calvin and his allies turned Geneva into the first so-called
Calvinist republic. Calvinism also espoused
3206:
All religions may be professed and all forms of worship practiced freely, without any other limitation than respect for
Christian morality and public order. It is recognized that the Catholic religion is practiced by the majority of
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unworldly; whereas republicanism demands participation rather than submission, and requires focus upon the worldly. Rousseau's position on Christianity is not universally held. Indeed, it was refuted by, amongst others, his friend
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has observed that most of the great republican theorists of the Western world have shared Rousseau's concerns about the mutually exclusive nature of republicanism and Christianity, from Machiavelli (more on which later) to
2602:, Locke wrote that "there is absolutely no such thing, under the Gospel, as a Christian Commonwealth". By this he meant that political authority cannot be validly founded upon Christianity. Rousseau, in
2787:(1577–1584), but Antwerp and Brussels have also been characterised by historians as Calvinist republics between 1577 and 1585. One by one, these cities were reconquered by the Spanish
2779:
never became the official state church of the Dutch Republic, but it was publicly privileged over all other religions and churches, which did enjoy some level of tolerance, however.
2801:, a bloodless coup in which Calvinists took control of the city, but mostly in order to end its economic isolation and resume trade; no Calvinist regime was established here.
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specified by the Statutory Charter of the Church in compliance with the provisions of the Patriarchal Tome of June 29, 1850 and the Synodal Act of September 4, 1928.
3122:
The State shall declare absolute freedom of belief and religion. At the same time, the State shall recognise the outstanding role of the Apostolic Autocephalous
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3028:, as a national church, in the spiritual life of the Armenian people, in the development of their national culture and preservation of their national identity.
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The juridical personality of the Catholic Church is recognized. The other churches may obtain recognition of their personality in conformity with the law.
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Finland (5.2 million) constitutes a unique case, as it has two national churches, the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Orthodox Church.
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DECLARE the Republic a Christian nation while upholding the right of every person to enjoy that person's freedom of conscience or religion
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The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the State Church in Iceland and, as such, it shall be supported and protected by the State.
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rule. However, the country did not adopt the republican form of government immediately: in the formal declaration of independence (
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was short lived, and the monarchy soon restored. The Dutch Republic continued in name until 1795, but by the mid-18th century the
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2520:. As of the 21st century, the only countries in the world with a republican form of government and with Christianity as the
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While the classical writers had been the primary ideological source for the republics of Italy, in Northern Europe, the
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The role played by the Catholic Church in the historical and cultural formation of the Republic is hereby recognized.
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became some of the first writers to argue for rejecting monarchy and embracing a republican form of government. The
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2775:, the representative assembly at the time) decided to vest the sovereignty of the country in itself. The Calvinist
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built the Hungarian State on solid ground and made our country a part of Christian Europe one thousand years ago.
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monarch. Calvinists were also some of the earliest settlers of the British and Dutch colonies of North America.
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where Calvinists seized control in 1577–8. Run by Committees of XVIII, the most prominent of these –
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Kries, Douglas (1997). "Rousseau and the Problem of Religious Toleration". In Kries, Douglas (ed.).
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2709:– a powerful republic – since 1526 due to its anti-Savoy alliance treaty with Bern and Fribourg).
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and the language of classical republicanism in Jean-Jacques Rousseau". In Pagden, Anthony (ed.).
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Constitution of 1853, Reinstated in 1983, with Amendments through 1994|work=constituteproject.org
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http://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994.pdf?lang=en%7Ctitle=Argentina's
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The Machiavellian moment: Florentine political thought and the Atlantic republican tradition
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This article is about the concept of a Christian republic as a governmental system. For
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and an opposition to hierarchy. Advocacy for republics appeared in the writings of the
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27:. For the Mediæval concept of Christendom sometimes called the Christian Republic, see
24:
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3722:(1997). "Struggle as a Source of Liberal Richness § Rousseau as Theorist of Crisis".
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From civil to political religion: the intersection of culture, religion and politics
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2934:"Costa Rica Constitution in English – Constitutional Law – Costa Rica Legal Topics"
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By Martin van Gelderen and Quentin Skinner. Cambridge University Press, 2002 pg. 1
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would be used as justification for establishing new republics. Most important was
1763:
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581:
426:
361:
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2986:"The Constitution of Greece: Section II Relations of Church and State: Article 3"
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and funded by the merchants of London, the revolt was a success, and led to the
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Rousseau and Geneva: from the first discourse to the social contract, 1749–1762
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Piety and humanity: essays on religion and early modern political philosophy
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2644:, whom Rousseau called a "bon citoyen et honnête homme" and who alongside
23:'s social experiment that he called The Practical Christian Republic, see
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486:
431:
341:
208:
193:
146:
20:
2688:, Antwerp and Brussels – are known as 'Calvinist republics' (1577–1585).
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2426:
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1878:
1843:
1768:
1753:
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1558:
1460:
1405:
1284:
1269:
796:
481:
250:
161:
2767:, one after another, to replace Philip. It took until 1588 before the
4155:
3024:
The Republic of Armenia shall recognise the exclusive mission of the
2797:
2719:
2698:
2565:
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1898:
1578:
1274:
1166:
746:
576:
58:
2814:
2577:
1743:
1500:
1264:
1201:
3541:
Civil Religion: A Dialogue in the History of Political Philosophy
3224:"El Salvador's Constitution of 1983 with Amendments through 2014"
3090:. L-Uffiċju tal-Avukat tal-Istat (State Attorney's Office, Malta)
2648:
was one of Rousseau's sources for republican philosophy. In his
2581:
2545:
2537:
2529:
289:
2755:, was only declared vacant, and the Dutch magistrates asked the
3174:"Guatemala's Constitution of 1985 with Amendments through 1993"
2702:
2585:
2569:
2533:
1420:
3662:. Ideas in context. Vol. 46. Cambridge University Press.
3126:
in the history of Georgia and its independence from the State.
3685:. Ideas in Context. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press.
3567:
The broken covenant: American civil religion in time of trial
3111:"Georgia's Constitution of 1995 with Amendments through 2013"
2549:
2541:
3462:
3460:
3199:"Panama's Constitution of 1972 with Amendments through 2004"
3430:
2561:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3457:
3394:
3683:
The Languages of Political Theory in Early-Modern Europe
3477:
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3002:
as its head, is inseparably united in doctrine with the
3447:
3445:
3377:
3355:
3353:
2640:
Rousseau's thesis has a basis in the prior writings of
3978:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
2100:
3472:
3406:
3067:"Constitution of the Republic of Iceland: Article 62"
3702:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the "Well-Ordered Society"
3442:
3418:
3365:
3350:
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3723:
3632:
3587:
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3495:The History of Government from the Earliest Times.
2990:The prevailing religion in Greece is that of the
2954:
4173:
16:Government that is both Christian and republican
2955:Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2011).
2588:, describe themselves as Christian countries.
4136:Christian views on genetically modified foods
3775:
3761:
3571:(2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
2489:
1097:
3699:
3639:(2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.
3436:
3042:"Samoa Officially Becomes a Christian State"
3020:"Article 18 of the Constitution of Armenia"
3768:
3754:
3653:
3521:Republicanism: a Shared European Heritage.
3400:
3258:"Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay"
2795:. In the north, Amsterdam experienced the
2735:areas also embraced Calvinism. During the
2614:National Institute on Media and the Family
2496:
2482:
1104:
1090:
834:Christian Democrat Organization of America
3677:Viroli, Maurizio (1990). "The concept of
3700:Viroli, Maurizio; Hanson, Derek (2003).
3497:Oxford University Press, 1999. pg. 1020.
3004:Great Church of Christ in Constantinople
2671:
2804:
2053:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
224:Friendly separation of church and state
4174:
3676:
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3585:
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3536:
3481:
3466:
3451:
3412:
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3359:
3344:
3139:"Constitution of the Republic of Peru"
2656:
4187:Christianity and political ideologies
3749:
3718:
3608:
3424:
3371:
3039:
2204:1946 Italian institutional referendum
2144:Spanish American wars of independence
844:European Christian Political Movement
707:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
31:. For the Irish political party, see
3594:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
2668:History of Geneva § Reformation
1973:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
702:Christian Democratic People's Party
13:
2961:. SAGE Publications. p. 930.
2705:(a city-state associated with the
2661:
14:
4208:
4014:Christianity and environmentalism
3508:Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
854:Conservative Christian Fellowship
717:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
4141:Christianity and other religions
3730:. University of Missouri Press.
3654:Rosenblatt, Helena (1997). "The
3275:"Hungary's Constitution of 2011"
2793:Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
2552:. Some other republics, such as
2465:
1993:Discourses Concerning Government
1073:
692:Christian Democratic and Flemish
57:
3513:
3500:
3487:
3291:
3267:
3250:
3216:
3191:
3166:
3131:
2958:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
2259:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
829:Centrist Democrat International
712:Christian Social People's Party
3813:Separation of church and state
3726:The growth of the liberal soul
3704:. Cambridge University Press.
3545:. Cambridge University Press.
3326:
3103:
3076:
3059:
3033:
3026:Armenian Apostolic Holy Church
3012:
2978:
2948:
2926:
2729:
2599:A Letter Concerning Toleration
2194:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
2174:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
3315:
3040:Wyeth, Grant (16 June 2017).
2701:theology, which developed in
2512:is a government that is both
3613:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3320:
2444:Republic without republicans
2189:11 September 1922 Revolution
2184:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
4182:Christianity and government
3906:Christian reconstructionism
3629:Pocock, John Greville Agard
3282:We are proud that our king
2852:
2785:Calvinist Republic of Ghent
2179:Turkish War of Independence
2101:
859:Centre for European Studies
792:Popular Republican Movement
687:Christian Democratic Appeal
10:
4213:
3963:Christian Patriot movement
3537:Beiner, Ronald S. (2010).
3529:
3124:Orthodox Church of Georgia
2821:and the execution of King
2813:began. Spearheaded by the
2743:emerged from rejection of
2665:
2591:
2234:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
1983:The Commonwealth of Oceana
849:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
697:Christian Democratic Party
18:
4128:
4100:
4022:
3991:
3838:
3805:
3783:
3777:Christianity and politics
3204:. constituteproject.org.
3069:. Government of Iceland.
2998:, acknowledging our Lord
2884:Christianity and politics
2739:(beginning in 1566), the
2407:The Emperor's New Clothes
2159:5 October 1910 revolution
2154:French Revolution of 1848
1177:Liberty as non-domination
874:Center for Public Justice
732:Croatian Democratic Union
672:American Solidarity Party
4030:Catholic social teaching
3881:Libertarian Christianity
3876:Christian libertarianism
3586:Cristi, Marcela (2001).
3437:Viroli & Hanson 2003
3299:"Constitution of Zambia"
2994:of Christ. The Orthodox
2919:
2879:Christian libertarianism
2869:Christian egalitarianism
2249:1987 Fijian coups d'état
2209:1952 Egyptian revolution
1187:Political representation
997:Christian libertarianism
935:Sollicitudo rei socialis
271:Environmental protection
75:Catholic social teaching
3084:"Constitution of Malta"
2992:Eastern Orthodox Church
2819:Commonwealth of England
2751:, 1581), the throne of
2724:French Wars of Religion
2631:Antoine-Jacques Roustan
2229:1969 Libyan coup d'état
2013:Discourse on Inequality
1162:Consent of the governed
839:European People's Party
677:Austrian People's Party
2695:Protestant Reformation
2690:
2605:On the Social Contract
864:European Ideas Network
142:Economic progressivism
29:res publica christiana
4120:Divine right of kings
3973:Identity Christianity
3958:Christian nationalism
3926:Christian corporatism
3901:Political Catholicism
3825:Two kingdoms doctrine
3561:Bellah, Robert Neelly
2777:Dutch Reformed Church
2707:Old Swiss Confederacy
2675:
2666:Further information:
2623:Alexis de Tocqueville
2397:Criticism of monarchy
2219:North Yemen civil war
2033:The Federalist Papers
1328:Federal parliamentary
1002:Christian nationalism
787:Polish People's Party
757:National Action Party
246:Social market economy
204:Person Dignity Theory
117:Consistent life ethic
80:Christian corporatism
3891:National Catholicism
3181:Constitution Project
3118:Constitution Project
2944:on 6 September 2015.
2839:English Commonwealth
2805:English Commonwealth
2761:Elizabeth of England
2682:Habsburg Netherlands
2680: Cities in the
2618:Robert Neelly Bellah
2522:established religion
2382:Classical radicalism
2124:Republic of Florence
2063:Democracy in America
1222:Separation of powers
1197:Public participation
914:Graves de communi re
907:Populorum progressio
4040:Liberation theology
3983:Liberal Catholicism
3936:Christian communism
3931:Christian socialism
3851:Christian democracy
3846:Christian anarchism
3830:Freedom of religion
3088:Leġiżlazzjoni Malta
2864:Christian democracy
2657:Calvinist republics
2642:Niccolò Machiavelli
2472:Politics portal
2277:Antigua and Barbuda
2224:Zanzibar Revolution
2134:American Revolution
2023:The Social Contract
1192:Popular sovereignty
1080:Christianity portal
1019:Religious democracy
985:Christian socialism
980:Christian communism
975:Christian anarchism
682:Christian Democracy
231:Religious pluralism
199:Option for the poor
51:Christian democracy
33:Poblacht Chríostúil
4115:Christian republic
4065:Sub-Saharan Africa
4045:Political theology
4009:Poverty and wealth
3896:Christian pacifism
3871:Christian feminism
3819:Render unto Caesar
3469:, p. 171–172.
2691:
2633:in a reply to the
2510:Christian republic
2438:Primus inter pares
2254:Nepalese Civil War
2244:Iranian Revolution
2214:14 July Revolution
2169:Russian Revolution
2164:Chinese Revolution
2114:Republic of Venice
1963:Discourses on Livy
869:Schuman Foundation
256:Sphere sovereignty
25:Hopedale Community
4169:
4168:
4087:Radical orthodoxy
4077:Prosperity gospel
4035:Dominion theology
3968:Christian realism
3948:Christian Zionism
3916:Paleoconservatism
3737:978-0-8262-1082-1
3711:978-0-521-53138-2
3692:978-0-521-38666-1
3669:978-0-521-57004-6
3646:978-0-691-11472-9
3620:978-0-8476-8619-3
3601:978-0-88920-368-6
3578:978-0-226-04199-5
3552:978-0-521-73843-9
3506:"Republicanism."
2811:English Civil War
2765:William of Orange
2749:Act of Abjuration
2612:, founder of the
2506:
2505:
2449:Republican empire
2422:List of republics
2271:National variants
2199:Spanish Civil War
2139:French Revolution
2119:Republic of Genoa
2003:The Spirit of Law
1936:Theoretical works
1280:Neo-republicanism
1114:
1113:
1051:Ethical socialism
1014:Liberal democracy
921:Quadragesimo anno
879:Paneuropean Union
767:Nationalist Party
219:Religious liberty
4204:
4161:Dallas Statement
4092:Integral mission
3911:Theoconservatism
3866:Evangelical left
3856:Clerical fascism
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3729:
3715:
3696:
3673:
3650:
3638:
3624:
3605:
3593:
3582:
3570:
3556:
3544:
3524:
3519:"Introduction."
3517:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3470:
3464:
3455:
3449:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3391:, p. 19–20.
3386:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3229:. Archived from
3228:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3144:. Archived from
3143:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2996:Church of Greece
2982:
2976:
2975:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2940:. Archived from
2938:costaricalaw.com
2930:
2909:Secular republic
2894:Islamic republic
2827:James Harrington
2789:Army of Flanders
2745:Spanish Habsburg
2679:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2470:
2469:
2454:Republican Party
2432:Peasant republic
2392:Communitarianism
2109:Classical Athens
2104:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1182:Mixed government
1116:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1077:
1070:
1046:Social democracy
1007:Theoconservatism
942:Centesimus annus
928:Laborem exercens
737:Democratic Rally
317:Arizmendiarrieta
266:Environmentalism
184:Multiculturalism
132:Dignity of labor
122:Cultural mandate
90:Communitarianism
85:Christian ethics
61:
38:
37:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4124:
4102:Christian state
4096:
4018:
3987:
3834:
3801:
3796:Christian right
3779:
3774:
3744:
3738:
3712:
3693:
3670:
3656:Social Contract
3647:
3621:
3602:
3579:
3553:
3532:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3493:Finer, Samuel.
3492:
3488:
3480:
3473:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3411:
3407:
3401:Rosenblatt 1997
3399:
3395:
3387:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3034:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2953:
2949:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2859:Christian state
2855:
2831:Algernon Sidney
2807:
2732:
2689:
2677:
2670:
2664:
2662:Calvin's Geneva
2659:
2635:Social Contract
2594:
2502:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2149:Trienio Liberal
2090:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1664:Flynn (Stephen)
1549:
1541:
1540:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1232:Social equality
1227:Social contract
1217:Self-governance
1172:Democratization
1147:Anti-corruption
1142:Anti-monarchism
1137:
1121:Politics series
1110:
1068:Politics portal
1066:
1059:
1058:
1057:
992:Christian right
964:
956:
955:
954:
893:
885:
884:
883:
824:Catholic Action
818:
810:
809:
808:
777:Patriotic Union
666:
658:
657:
656:
466:
458:
457:
456:
311:
303:
302:
301:
214:Public morality
157:Just war theory
127:Culture of life
69:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:State religion
4148:
4146:Civil religion
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4129:Related topics
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Christofascism
3950:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3789:Christian left
3784:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3743:
3742:
3736:
3716:
3710:
3697:
3691:
3674:
3668:
3651:
3645:
3625:
3619:
3606:
3600:
3583:
3577:
3557:
3551:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3512:
3499:
3486:
3484:, p. 214.
3471:
3456:
3441:
3439:, p. 175.
3429:
3427:, p. 268.
3417:
3415:, p. 166.
3405:
3403:, p. 264.
3393:
3376:
3374:, p. 168.
3364:
3349:
3337:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3266:
3249:
3215:
3190:
3165:
3130:
3102:
3075:
3058:
3032:
3011:
2977:
2967:
2947:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:State religion
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Civil religion
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2806:
2803:
2741:Dutch Republic
2731:
2728:
2716:egalitarianism
2676:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2593:
2590:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Egalitarianism
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:Related topics
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2347:United Kingdom
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Dutch Republic
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2097:
2095:Roman Republic
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:Wollstonecraft
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
970:Christian left
966:
965:
963:Related topics
962:
961:
958:
957:
953:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
895:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
799:
794:
789:
784:
782:People's Party
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:National Party
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:Civic Platform
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
298:
297:
287:
286:
285:
283:in Catholicism
275:
274:
273:
268:
258:
253:
248:
243:
241:Social justice
238:
233:
228:
227:
226:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
175:
174:
169:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
92:
87:
82:
77:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
54:
53:
47:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4209:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:Caesaropapism
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Social Gospel
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:Homosexuality
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Theodemocracy
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3739:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3534:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3503:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3454:, p. 35.
3453:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3368:
3362:, p. 13.
3361:
3356:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3307:
3300:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3284:Saint Stephen
3276:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3236:on 2021-02-08
3232:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3175:
3169:
3162:
3151:on 2015-07-24
3147:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3029:
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2825:. In England
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2791:commanded by
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2239:Metapolitefsi
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2197:
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2110:
2107:
2105:
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2098:
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2093:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2073:On Revolution
2070:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:Rights of Man
2040:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:De re publica
1950:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
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1932:
1925:
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1759:Jones (Lynne)
1757:
1755:
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1554:Adams (Gerry)
1552:
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1377:
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1369:
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1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
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1353:Revolutionary
1351:
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1344:
1343:Parliamentary
1341:
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1329:
1326:
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1153:
1152:Civil society
1150:
1148:
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1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:Republicanism
1126:
1125:
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1118:
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1107:
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1095:
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923:
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918:
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904:
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901:
900:Rerum novarum
897:
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857:
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832:
830:
827:
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822:
821:
817:Organizations
814:
813:
805:
804:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:New Democracy
770:
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748:
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678:
675:
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648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
637:von der Leyen
635:
633:
630:
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623:
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603:
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443:
440:
438:
435:
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430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:Nell-Breuning
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
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378:
375:
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343:
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335:
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328:
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320:
318:
315:
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307:
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296:
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288:
284:
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269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
236:Social Gospel
234:
232:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Neo-Calvinism
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Mixed economy
177:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
152:Human dignity
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4114:
3886:Christianism
3861:Distributism
3806:Key concepts
3794:
3787:
3725:
3720:Walsh, David
3701:
3682:
3678:
3659:
3655:
3634:
3610:
3589:
3566:
3540:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3432:
3420:
3408:
3396:
3367:
3347:, p. 3.
3340:
3328:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3244:
3238:. Retrieved
3231:the original
3218:
3205:
3193:
3184:
3168:
3159:
3153:. Retrieved
3146:the original
3133:
3121:
3105:
3092:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3046:The Diplomat
3045:
3035:
3023:
3014:
3000:Jesus Christ
2989:
2980:
2972:
2957:
2950:
2942:the original
2937:
2928:
2904:Jewish state
2874:Christianity
2846:
2809:In 1641 the
2808:
2796:
2781:
2772:
2737:Dutch Revolt
2733:
2692:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2509:
2507:
2436:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1754:Jones (Elin)
1659:Flynn (Paul)
1619:Clarke (Tom)
1614:Clark (Katy)
1559:Adams (John)
1380:Philosophers
1312:
1157:Civic virtue
1119:Part of the
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
801:
752:Kataeb Party
722:Centre Party
377:John Paul II
310:Philosophers
278:Subsidiarity
167:Conservative
137:Distributism
95:Conservatism
4060:Middle East
3482:Pocock 2003
3467:Viroli 1990
3452:Beiner 2010
3413:Bellah 1992
3389:Cristi 2001
3360:Beiner 2010
3345:Beiner 2010
3209:Panamanians
2843:stadtholder
2835:John Milton
2763:and prince
2753:king Philip
2730:Netherlands
2722:during the
2711:John Calvin
2646:Montesquieu
2610:David Walsh
2574:El Salvador
2387:Common good
2327:New Zealand
2322:Netherlands
2067:(1835–1840)
2037:(1787–1788)
1947:(c. 375 BC)
1869:Robespierre
1644:Etherington
1579:Benn (Tony)
1548:Politicians
1526:Tocqueville
1486:Montesquieu
1466:Machiavelli
1212:Rule of law
1207:Res publica
949:Laudato si'
742:Fianna Fáil
572:Mikołajczyk
465:Politicians
261:Stewardship
194:Neo-Thomism
147:Familialism
105:Progressive
21:Adin Ballou
4176:Categories
3425:Kries 1997
3372:Walsh 1997
3316:References
3240:2020-05-25
3155:2020-05-25
3094:8 November
2526:Costa Rica
2518:republican
2427:Monarchism
2417:Liberalism
2412:Jacobinism
2102:Gaṇasaṅgha
1957:(54–51 BC)
1441:Harrington
1318:Democratic
1308:Capitalist
1303:Autonomous
1285:Venizelism
1270:Khomeinism
797:VMRO-DPMNE
652:Windthorst
557:Mazowiecki
497:De Gasperi
347:Dooyeweerd
337:Chesterton
251:Solidarity
209:Popularism
162:Liberalism
68:Principles
4192:Theocracy
4156:Theocracy
4082:Symphonia
3921:Integrism
3839:Movements
3321:Citations
2823:Charles I
2798:Alteratie
2720:Huguenots
2699:Calvinist
2650:Discoursi
2566:Guatemala
2554:Argentina
2514:Christian
2282:Australia
1914:Venizelos
1904:Spadolini
1894:Slaughter
1839:McDonnell
1804:Mackenzie
1749:Jefferson
1704:Griffiths
1684:de Gaulle
1679:Garibaldi
1639:Drakeford
1531:Warburton
1451:Jefferson
1446:Honderich
1426:Condorcet
1313:Christian
1275:Nasserism
1250:Classical
1167:Democracy
892:Documents
747:Fine Gael
632:Vogelsang
627:Tindemans
597:Pöttering
477:Andreotti
447:Vogelsang
392:Lamennais
4197:Republic
4023:Theology
3999:Abortion
3631:(2003).
3563:(1992).
2853:See also
2847:de facto
2815:Puritans
2759:, queen
2578:Paraguay
2352:Scotland
2292:Barbados
1943:Republic
1859:Prescott
1829:Naysmith
1819:McKechin
1779:La Malfa
1774:Khomeini
1734:Iorwerth
1699:Griffith
1674:Gambetta
1669:Galloway
1654:Ferguson
1634:Davidson
1629:Cromwell
1624:Connolly
1604:Campbell
1521:Sunstein
1506:Rousseau
1501:Polybius
1436:Franklin
1416:Chappell
1411:Cattaneo
1348:People's
1333:Imperial
1265:Kemalism
1202:Republic
1136:Concepts
1024:Buddhist
587:Pastrana
532:Korfanty
522:Ketteler
472:Adenauer
452:Williams
442:Tischner
402:Maritain
397:Leo XIII
387:Korfanty
382:Ketteler
372:Habsburg
352:Gebhardt
332:Berggrav
43:a series
41:Part of
3530:Sources
3510:pg. 435
3051:16 June
2769:Estates
2592:Concept
2582:Hungary
2558:Georgia
2546:Iceland
2538:Armenia
2530:Finland
2317:Morocco
2307:Jamaica
2302:Ireland
2287:Bahamas
2089:History
1909:Taverne
1884:Skinner
1864:Ritchie
1809:Madison
1789:Lincoln
1739:Jackson
1729:Huppert
1724:Hopkins
1649:Fabiani
1609:Chapman
1594:Bolívar
1584:Bennett
1574:Bartley
1564:Atatürk
1476:Mazzini
1471:Madison
1401:Bentham
1391:Baggini
1358:Secular
1338:Islamic
1323:Federal
1260:Federal
1244:Schools
1029:Islamic
665:Parties
617:Strauss
607:Schuman
592:Pethrus
582:Quadros
567:Metsola
552:Martens
492:Caldera
422:Pius XI
407:Mounier
290:Welfare
100:Liberal
3992:Issues
3734:
3708:
3689:
3666:
3643:
3617:
3598:
3575:
3549:
2965:
2833:, and
2773:Staten
2703:Geneva
2678:
2586:Zambia
2584:, and
2576:, and
2570:Panama
2548:, and
2534:Greece
2342:Sweden
2332:Norway
2297:Canada
2077:(1963)
2057:(1794)
2047:(1791)
2027:(1762)
2017:(1755)
2007:(1748)
1997:(1698)
1987:(1656)
1977:(1649)
1967:(1531)
1919:Wilson
1889:Slater
1879:Skates
1834:Mannin
1824:Mullin
1799:Mackay
1764:Juárez
1719:Hébert
1714:Hatton
1709:Harvie
1599:Burgon
1516:Sidney
1511:Sandel
1496:Pettit
1421:Cicero
1386:Arendt
1368:Soviet
1363:Sister
1255:Modern
1078:
1039:Mormon
1034:Jewish
642:Wałęsa
622:Sturzo
562:Merkel
542:Kuyper
517:Joseph
502:Erhard
437:Sturzo
362:Görres
357:Gilson
327:Belloc
322:Baader
110:Social
4055:Korea
4050:China
3679:ordre
3302:(PDF)
3278:(PDF)
3234:(PDF)
3227:(PDF)
3202:(PDF)
3177:(PDF)
3161:them.
3149:(PDF)
3142:(PDF)
3114:(PDF)
2920:Notes
2771:(the
2686:Ghent
2550:Malta
2542:Samoa
2357:Wales
2337:Spain
2312:Japan
1899:Smith
1874:Sayed
1854:Pound
1849:Nehru
1844:Nandy
1814:Magid
1794:Lucas
1784:Lewis
1694:Grévy
1689:Greer
1589:Black
1569:Azaña
1491:Paine
1461:Locke
1431:Crick
1406:Bodin
1396:Bello
1297:Types
647:Weber
612:Söder
602:Prodi
547:Letta
512:Groen
487:Buzek
432:Stein
427:Röpke
417:Pesch
367:Groen
295:State
3732:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3687:ISBN
3664:ISBN
3641:ISBN
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3596:ISBN
3573:ISBN
3547:ISBN
3096:2020
3053:2017
2963:ISBN
2562:Peru
2524:are
2516:and
1924:Wood
1769:Kane
1481:Mill
1456:Kant
803:More
577:Moro
537:Kurz
527:Kohl
507:Frei
482:Beel
172:Ordo
3658:".
2596:In
1744:Jay
342:Day
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