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Muybridge promoted his work as enabling artists to depict animals in correct positions and heavily criticised artistic works that lacked the scientific knowledge proven by his pictures. The public at large disliked most of the strange positions of the legs of horses that
Muybridge had registred, and
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With time and improvements in his investigations and inventions, Marey ended up changing the chronophotographic gun for a chronophotograph camera. This one had a fixed plate and a shutter with which the time could be controlled. He would later replace the glass plate with a photosensitive paper film
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The functioning of the chronophotographic gun is very similar to a normal rifle, with grip, canon and rotating drum, except that it does not carry bullets but photographic plates with which it caught the light at high speed. The hammer was made back to the end, which allowed the drum to move where
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it took decades before positions based on chronophotographic images were widely accepted in the art world. By then, naturalism had lost much of its attraction to new styles that focused on other means of depicting subjects. Marey's later superimposed sequences nonetheless inspired some works of
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in 1878. They used 12 cameras in a line to register various phases of different horse gaits (expanded to 24 cameras and to other animal and human movements in the next year), with the horses or the wheels of a sulky tripping the wires connected to electro-magnetic shutters. Initial results were
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there were the photographic plates. There was also a shutter on the drum, which prevented the light to enter when it was not taking a photo; and in the canon there was a lens. If one wanted to change the approach, the length of the canon had to be changed.
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Muybridge's method lacked ways to subtract relevant data, because the different photos were not made from the same point of view and the intervals between exposures were irregular, without means to calculate the time in between each registered phase.
192:. With the chronophotographic gun, he pointed to the action he wanted to investigate and recorded 12 images within a second. The machine, thanks to the circular movement of the drum animated by clockwork mechanisms, could reach a
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in 1876, to which he suggested the possibility of using his apparatus for the study of the animal movement, especially of the birds, because of the rapidity of the movement of their wings.
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of 1/700 seconds. The resulting sequences of images showed details that could not be seen with the naked eye. He called this method of making photographs
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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and received much international attention. Marey expressed interest in help from
Muybridge to record the flight of birds in
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The chronophotographic gun is also considered as an antecedent of a machine gun used as military training tool during
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and further popularised the use of photographic technologies as scientific means to study a wide array of subjects.
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The pioneering chronophotography movement comprised an important part of the development of
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The chronophotographic gun was an invention that contributed much to the study of
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on 9 December 1874. Marey wanted to study how animals, insects and birds moved.
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Another method to create chronophotographic sequences had been developed by
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invented in 1874 by the French astronomer Jules
Janssen. Janssen used to
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that moved independently inside the camera thanks to an electromagnet.
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http://blocs.xtec.cat/cinemaencursamer0910/files/2009/07/fotograf.pdf
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406:"WWI Machine Gun Shot Medium Format Film Instead of Bullets"
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The chronophotographic gun invented by Étienne-Jules Marey.
382:"Étienne Jules Marey, cronofotografía y rifle fotográfico"
274:"Picturing Motion in Photography: When Time Stands Still"
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357:"La Cronofotografía de Étienne-Jules Marey"
16:1882 camera invented by Étienne-Jules Marey
130:record the transit of Venus across the Sun
60:Learn how and when to remove this message
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98:chronophotographic gun
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431:"Machine Gun Cameras"
153:Académie des Sciences
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327:"新浦金350vip-新浦金娱乐场首页"
315:. 9 September 2008.
313:"Rifle fotográfico"
170:The Horse in Motion
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386:www.fotonostra.com
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454:Categories
440:2019-11-26
416:2019-11-22
391:2019-11-22
367:2019-11-22
284:2019-11-26
261:References
175:La Nature
89:La Nature
227:Futurism
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470:Cameras
255:Cubists
120:History
213:Legacy
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