89:
27:
1910:
Settlements of the Chust culture varied in size between small dwelling sites to large settlements over 10 ha in size. Some sites occupy hilltop locations, while others indicate the presence of defensive structures. Domestic structures are not well known, with some built of mud-bricks.
1969:. It has been suggested that they were part of an Iranian movement to the east, or perhaps a group of Iranians who were retreating westwards from Xinjiang. It is one of the earliest sedentary Iranian cultures.
1937:
Domestic animals that were part of the Chust culture include camels, asses, horses, cattle, sheep, goat and probably pig. Wild animals that appeared in their territories include
1951:
Chust burials were normally in pits at the edge of settlements. Such pits often included both human and animal remains. Sometimes they contain hoards of skulls.
2042:
1874:
1948:
Chust pottery was hand-made. They created both bronze objects and later iron objects. Objects made of bronze include spearheads and knives.
1838:
1036:
1954:
The stone knives and sickles of the Chust culture, and its painted pottery, is similar to that of contemporary cultures further east in
2052:
1845:
1817:
2047:
696:
1802:
2057:
1867:
1824:
755:
88:
1831:
595:
106:
2023:
1687:
1462:
866:
1860:
1432:
701:
638:
439:
325:
1120:
623:
434:
429:
424:
319:
1437:
932:
633:
512:
498:
479:
775:
733:
333:
1477:
1442:
1115:
419:
1914:
Large pits appear frequently in Chust sites. These were probably intended for the storage of grain.
1737:
1627:
1447:
978:
810:
761:
657:
459:
414:
409:
329:
1632:
1359:
469:
464:
454:
98:
1622:
1594:
1378:
1280:
1046:
892:
516:
354:
246:
185:
140:
80:
72:
1769:
1598:
506:
502:
487:
483:
1715:
1680:
993:
676:
628:
565:
535:
493:
473:
337:
191:
861:
8:
2015:
988:
983:
879:
803:
768:
691:
681:
540:
241:
236:
205:
1694:
1645:
1579:
1563:
1188:
841:
580:
266:
171:
166:
2019:
1708:
1674:
1666:
1610:
1604:
1586:
1557:
1536:
1522:
1514:
1284:
1145:
1085:
1067:
1008:
1003:
998:
965:
960:
789:
652:
301:
294:
287:
273:
259:
219:
198:
135:
127:
2005:
1988:
1702:
1652:
1469:
1275:
1163:
1103:
1080:
1023:
1018:
955:
942:
937:
927:
600:
213:
161:
153:
146:
2009:
1966:
1783:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1723:
1659:
1638:
1616:
1201:
1090:
1013:
922:
855:
796:
662:
394:
379:
369:
364:
280:
252:
1983:
1900:
1528:
1395:
1270:
828:
782:
750:
686:
177:
37:
2036:
2001:
1788:
1252:
1168:
885:
743:
605:
359:
575:
1407:
1245:
719:
590:
389:
384:
374:
1978:
1383:
1369:
1333:
1041:
570:
1931:
1904:
1892:
1346:
1260:
1138:
903:
48:
1549:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1290:
1158:
1962:
1955:
1896:
1492:
1483:
1374:
1175:
1150:
1054:
545:
121:
52:
1938:
1542:
1506:
1499:
1297:
917:
550:
26:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1265:
1219:
738:
555:
1942:
1919:
1364:
1238:
1232:
1214:
585:
560:
1926:
have been recovered, along with agricultural tools such as
1756:
1961:The human remains of the Chust culture are of the
2034:
1868:
2000:
1965:type. Its people are generally considered
1875:
1861:
1839:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
25:
2035:
2043:Archaeological cultures in Uzbekistan
2011:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
1846:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
1818:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
1803:Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European
13:
1825:The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
14:
2069:
1899:culture which flourished in the
1832:Journal of Indo-European Studies
596:Bible translations into Armenian
87:
2053:Iranian archaeological cultures
107:List of Indo-European languages
1:
1433:Proto-Indo-European mythology
702:Paleolithic continuity theory
1907:from ca. 1500 BC to 900 BC.
1121:Northern Black Polished Ware
320:Proto-Indo-European language
7:
2048:Bronze Age cultures of Asia
1972:
1438:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
10:
2074:
1994:
734:Domestication of the horse
2058:Iron Age cultures of Asia
2008:(1997). "Chust Culture".
1443:Historical Vedic religion
720:Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
58:
43:
33:
24:
1448:Ancient Iranian religion
811:Novotitarovskaya culture
658:Indo-European migrations
949:Northern/Eastern Steppe
1420:Religion and mythology
1379:Medieval Scandinavians
670:Alternative and fringe
16:Archaeological culture
1770:Indo-European studies
1133:Peoples and societies
2016:Taylor & Francis
677:Anatolian hypothesis
629:Proto-Indo-Europeans
536:Hittite inscriptions
81:Indo-European topics
933:Multi-cordoned ware
804:Mikhaylovka culture
692:Indigenous Aryanism
682:Armenian hypothesis
541:Hieroglyphic Luwian
21:
513:Proto-Indo-Iranian
499:Proto-Balto-Slavic
480:Proto-Italo-Celtic
34:Geographical range
19:
2006:Adams, Douglas Q.
1922:and particularly
1885:
1884:
1146:Anatolian peoples
1116:Painted Grey Ware
1004:Nordic Bronze Age
653:Kurgan hypothesis
606:Old Irish glosses
571:Gaulish epigraphy
66:
65:
2065:
2029:
1989:Bishkent culture
1877:
1870:
1863:
1718:
1711:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1566:
1552:
1545:
1531:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1276:Germanic peoples
1266:Hellenic peoples
1255:
1248:
1241:
1164:Mycenaean Greeks
1153:
1081:Thraco-Cimmerian
979:Globular Amphora
956:Abashevo culture
895:
888:
858:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
601:Tocharian script
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
222:
208:
201:
194:
180:
156:
149:
130:
91:
68:
67:
29:
22:
18:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2018:. p. 107.
1997:
1975:
1941:, gazelles and
1881:
1852:
1851:
1784:Marija Gimbutas
1772:
1762:
1761:
1753:Winter solstice
1743:Horse sacrifice
1714:
1707:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1590:
1575:
1562:
1548:
1541:
1527:
1518:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1452:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1355:
1342:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1155:
1149:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1099:
1076:
1063:
1051:
1032:
974:
951:
913:
906:
900:
891:
884:
875:
873:Northern Europe
854:
850:
837:
824:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
756:Steppe cultures
729:
722:
715:
707:
706:
697:Baltic homeland
671:
667:
663:Eurasian nomads
647:
643:
619:
611:
610:
581:Runic epigraphy
576:Latin epigraphy
531:
523:
522:
460:Proto-Anatolian
444:
399:
395:Thraco-Illyrian
380:Graeco-Phrygian
370:Graeco-Armenian
365:Graeco-Albanian
344:
322:
309:
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
218:
204:
197:
190:
176:
152:
145:
126:
111:
103:
101:
62:ca. 1500â900 BC
17:
12:
11:
5:
2071:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2002:Mallory, J. P.
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1984:Vakhsh culture
1981:
1974:
1971:
1901:Fergana Valley
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Fire sacrifice
1734:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:Zoroastrianism
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1396:Medieval India
1387:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1278:
1273:
1271:Italic peoples
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1192:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1047:Gandhara grave
1044:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
969:
968:
963:
958:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
908:
907:
899:
898:
897:
896:
893:Middle Dnieper
889:
870:
869:
864:
859:
848:Eastern Europe
845:
844:
832:
831:
819:
818:
817:
816:
815:
814:
807:
793:
786:
779:
776:DnieperâDonets
772:
765:
753:
751:Kurgan culture
748:
747:
746:
736:
724:
723:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
687:Beech argument
684:
679:
673:
672:
666:
665:
660:
655:
649:
648:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
510:
496:
491:
477:
470:Proto-Germanic
467:
465:Proto-Armenian
462:
457:
455:Proto-Albanian
451:
450:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
405:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
343:
342:
341:
340:
316:
315:
308:
307:
306:
305:
298:
291:
284:
277:
270:
263:
256:
244:
239:
233:
232:
226:
225:
224:
223:
211:
210:
209:
202:
195:
183:
182:
181:
169:
164:
159:
158:
157:
150:
138:
133:
132:
131:
118:
117:
110:
109:
102:
97:
96:
93:
92:
84:
83:
77:
76:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
45:
41:
40:
38:Fergana Valley
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:Chust culture
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:J. P. Mallory
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:Reconstructed
1424:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1253:Insular Celts
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:Indo-Iranians
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
950:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
912:
911:Pontic Steppe
905:
902:
901:
894:
890:
887:
883:
882:
881:
878:
877:
876:
874:
868:
865:
863:
860:
857:
853:
852:
851:
849:
843:
840:
839:
838:
836:
830:
827:
826:
825:
823:
812:
808:
805:
801:
800:
798:
794:
791:
787:
784:
780:
777:
773:
770:
766:
763:
759:
758:
757:
754:
752:
749:
745:
744:Kurgan stelae
742:
741:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
728:
727:Pontic Steppe
721:
718:
717:
711:
710:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
669:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
645:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
615:
614:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
518:
517:Proto-Iranian
514:
511:
508:
504:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Daco-Thracian
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:
346:
345:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
323:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:Reconstructed
311:
310:
303:
299:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
249:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
227:
221:
217:
216:
215:
212:
207:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
188:
187:
184:
179:
175:
174:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
155:
151:
148:
144:
143:
142:
139:
137:
134:
129:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
100:
95:
94:
90:
86:
85:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
69:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
20:Chust culture
2010:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1936:
1913:
1909:
1888:
1886:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1810:Publications
1809:
1795:
1776:
1730:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:Paleo-Balkan
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1513:
1512:
1468:
1467:
1455:
1425:
1408:Greater Iran
1401:
1400:
1389:
1388:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1338:
1281:Paleo-Balkan
1246:Celtiberians
1225:
1224:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1109:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1029:
1028:
971:
970:
948:
947:
910:
909:
872:
871:
847:
846:
834:
833:
821:
820:
762:BugâDniester
726:
725:
591:Gothic Bible
507:Proto-Baltic
503:Proto-Slavic
488:Proto-Italic
484:Proto-Celtic
447:
402:
390:Italo-Celtic
385:Indo-Hittite
375:Graeco-Aryan
348:Hypothetical
347:
312:
247:Paleo-Balkan
229:
186:Indo-Iranian
141:Balto-Slavic
114:
1979:Yaz culture
1903:of eastern
1688:Continental
1681:Anglo-Saxon
1384:Middle Ages
1334:Middle Ages
1189:Indo-Aryans
1182:Indo-Aryans
989:Bell Beaker
984:Corded ware
880:Corded ware
769:Sredny Stog
714:Archaeology
494:Proto-Greek
474:Proto-Norse
2037:Categories
2025:1884964982
1945:antilope.
1905:Uzbekistan
1895:and early
1893:Bronze Age
1891:is a late
1796:Institutes
1716:Lithuanian
1470:Indo-Aryan
1456:Historical
1390:Indo-Aryan
1347:Tocharians
1261:Cimmerians
1139:Bronze Age
1030:South Asia
904:Bronze Age
842:Afanasievo
646:Mainstream
410:Vocabulary
330:Sound laws
192:Indo-Aryan
49:Bronze Age
1731:Practices
1550:Yarsanism
1360:Albanians
1340:East Asia
1327:Scythians
1319:Phrygians
1312:Paeonians
1305:Illyrians
1291:Thracians
1208:East Asia
1159:Armenians
1086:Hallstatt
1068:Chernoles
1009:Terramare
999:Trzciniec
966:Sintashta
961:Andronovo
862:CernavodÄ
835:East Asia
790:Khvalynsk
530:Philology
440:Particles
326:Phonology
267:Liburnian
242:Tocharian
237:Anatolian
206:Nuristani
99:Languages
51:to early
1973:See also
1963:Europoid
1956:Xinjiang
1897:Iron Age
1777:Scholars
1675:Germanic
1646:Scottish
1611:Thracian
1605:Illyrian
1599:Albanian
1587:European
1580:Armenian
1564:Ossetian
1558:Scythian
1543:Yazidism
1493:Buddhism
1484:Hinduism
1375:Norsemen
1285:Anatolia
1202:Iranians
1195:Iranians
1176:Iron Age
1151:Hittites
1104:Colchian
1097:Caucasus
1055:Iron Age
1024:Lusatian
1019:Urnfield
943:Srubnaya
938:Poltavka
928:Catacomb
867:Cucuteni
822:Caucasus
639:Religion
624:Homeland
566:Behistun
546:Linear B
435:Numerals
430:Pronouns
355:Balkanic
302:Thracian
295:Phrygian
288:Paeonian
274:Messapic
260:Illyrian
172:Hellenic
167:Germanic
136:Armenian
128:Albanian
122:Albanoid
73:a series
71:Part of
53:Iron Age
1995:Sources
1967:Iranian
1939:onagers
1928:sickles
1709:Latvian
1667:Cornish
1537:Kurdish
1523:Persian
1515:Iranian
1507:Sikhism
1500:Jainism
1463:Hittite
1402:Iranian
1298:Dacians
1091:Jastorf
1014:Tumulus
994:ĂnÄtice
923:Yamnaya
918:Chariot
856:Usatovo
797:Yamnaya
634:Society
618:Origins
551:Rigveda
403:Grammar
230:Extinct
220:Romance
199:Iranian
2022:
1924:millet
1916:Barley
1724:Slavic
1703:Baltic
1653:Breton
1633:Celtic
1617:Dacian
1573:Others
1353:Europe
1226:Europe
1220:Yuezhi
1074:Europe
1061:Steppe
972:Europe
829:Maykop
783:Samara
739:Kurgan
556:Avesta
338:Ablaut
334:Accent
281:Mysian
253:Dacian
214:Italic
162:Celtic
154:Slavic
147:Baltic
115:Extant
44:Period
1943:saiga
1920:wheat
1695:Norse
1660:Welsh
1639:Irish
1628:Roman
1623:Greek
1478:Vedic
1370:Slavs
1365:Balts
1239:Gauls
1233:Celts
1215:Wusun
1110:India
886:Baden
586:Ogham
561:Homer
448:Other
425:Nouns
420:Verbs
178:Greek
59:Dates
47:Late
2020:ISBN
1932:hoes
1930:and
1887:The
1757:Yule
1748:Sati
1037:BMAC
415:Root
1042:Yaz
2039::
2014:.
2004:;
1958:.
1934:.
1918:,
1154:)
505:·
486:·
336:,
332:,
328::
75:on
2028:.
1876:e
1869:t
1862:v
1755:/
1619:)
1614:·
1608:·
1602:·
1597:(
1377:/
1283:/
1148:(
519:)
515:(
509:)
501:(
490:)
482:(
476:)
472:(
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