1937:
87:
Such sales raised (non-recurrent) revenue for the feudal lords, in exchange for the loss of power. Over time, the landlords sold more and more privileges. This resulted in a shift of power within the counties and duchies in the Low
Countries from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie, starting in
670:
in 1795, municipalities were styled after the French model and city rights were abolished by law. Although partially restored after 1813, cities did not fully regain the authority they had previously had: law-making and the judiciary had become part of the
657:
The institution of city status gradually came to an end with the development and centralization of a national government. In the
Netherlands the last city to receive real city rights (as defined above) was Willemstad in 1586. During the
54:, a town, often proudly, calls itself a city if it obtained a complete package of city rights at some point in its history. Its current population is not relevant, so there are some very small cities. The smallest is
690:
in 1825. But the city status granted during this period was quite different from the privileges bestowed in the Middle Ages, and were merely symbolic. This is also the case for cities such as The Hague and
638:
and was granted city status in about AD 151, but was abandoned in the late 3rd century: thus the current settlement is not considered an uninterrupted continuation of the Roman city. At the end of the
2062:
2035:
1916:
80:
When forced by financial problems, feudal landlords offered for sale privileges to settlements from around 1000. The total package of these comprises
686:) wanted to call themselves cities, the custom of granting city status was briefly revived. The last grant of city status in the Netherlands was to
2078:
163:(citizens had a relative degree of personal freedom in comparison to citizens of rural areas: they were not subject to the liege lord and had
75:
96:. The growing economic and military power concentrating in the cities led to a very powerful class of well-to-do merchants and traders.
679:
and the
Municipal Law of 1851, the differences between the legal privileges of cities, towns, and villages were permanently erased.
1996:
1972:
2088:
2083:
1921:
150:
Weighing (the right to organize official weighing: cargo, livestock, produce, building material, trading goods etc.)
676:
2056:
498:
1810:
800:
1822:
1792:
1100:
2040:
1774:
1522:
645:
The strong position of merchants and traders allowed the
Netherlands to become the first modern
1744:
1034:
884:
200:
132:
962:
1046:
914:
8:
1422:
980:
890:
860:
788:
770:
745:
667:
599:
164:
2029:
1714:
509:
Note several of the following were first granted city rights during the medieval period.
1494:
1182:
776:
2000:
35:
or similar member of the high nobility, granted to a town or village he owned certain
1968:
1654:
1606:
950:
190:
and law-making (Within its boundaries the city could have a great degree of autonomy)
1516:
932:
565:
1911:
782:
672:
537:
181:
160:
138:
81:
36:
24:
2025:
842:
764:
721:
659:
635:
334:
322:
294:
216:
110:
609:
2072:
1941:
1768:
1732:
1678:
1600:
1362:
1356:
394:
252:
20:
1877:
1398:
627:
531:
452:
352:
122:
622:
in 956. It can be argued that some cities have older rights: for instance
1738:
1720:
1482:
1452:
1320:
1094:
1064:
1052:
639:
615:
571:
492:
364:
282:
116:
51:
1895:
1889:
1853:
1847:
1798:
1780:
1576:
1546:
1540:
1446:
1416:
1380:
1302:
1290:
1248:
1236:
1212:
1194:
1128:
1110:
1070:
1040:
1016:
998:
902:
830:
818:
758:
727:
687:
587:
525:
428:
93:
47:
194:
184:(Well-to-do citizens could sometimes elect local government officials)
1865:
1828:
1804:
1762:
1684:
1660:
1630:
1624:
1582:
1534:
1528:
1392:
1374:
1350:
1338:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1176:
1170:
1152:
1140:
1116:
1022:
974:
968:
848:
794:
739:
683:
593:
581:
482:
440:
434:
346:
340:
187:
55:
682:
In the early 19th century, when several important towns (especially
1883:
1816:
1786:
1750:
1726:
1648:
1642:
1558:
1488:
1434:
1386:
1278:
1200:
1082:
1076:
1004:
908:
896:
836:
812:
715:
709:
663:
646:
631:
623:
619:
519:
476:
410:
376:
264:
240:
222:
126:
89:
1871:
1859:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1636:
1618:
1510:
1476:
1368:
1260:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1188:
1088:
986:
938:
926:
920:
806:
752:
553:
470:
400:
234:
63:
43:
1841:
1672:
1594:
1564:
1500:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1344:
1332:
1326:
1314:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1028:
992:
872:
866:
854:
824:
543:
464:
422:
416:
388:
382:
300:
276:
258:
246:
59:
1926:
1835:
1756:
1702:
1666:
1570:
1552:
1440:
1428:
1410:
1404:
1230:
1122:
1058:
956:
944:
878:
733:
692:
559:
458:
446:
370:
328:
316:
310:
288:
270:
28:
695:, which received their status during the Napoleonic period.
113:(the right to erect a defence wall around an inhabited area)
1612:
1164:
1010:
610:
Rights granted to the cities of the present-day
Netherlands
62:
is the smallest city, whilst the smallest in
Luxembourg is
32:
1588:
698:
642:, the number of grants of city status fell dramatically.
358:
228:
205:
144:
19:
City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the
2031:
Städte und gilden der germanischen völker im mittelalter
119:(the right to hold markets and receive income from them)
614:
The first community in the contemporary
Kingdom of the
493:
Rights granted to the cities of present-day
Luxembourg
634:, which is built on the site of the Roman settlement
129:
particular goods, often only granted to a few cities)
58:
1977:
1917:
History of urban centers in the Dutch Low
Countries
195:
Rights granted to the cities of present-day Belgium
2070:
1965:De stadsrechten van graaf Willem II van Holland
39:that places without city rights did not have.
2063:Repertorium van de stadsrechten in Nederland
626:may have been granted city status during the
76:History of urban centers in the Low Countries
92:. Some of these cities even developed into
666:gained city rights (in 1672). After the
2071:
1506:
1106:
705:
699:Grants of city rights, chronologically
577:
549:
515:
406:
306:
212:
206:Grants of city rights, alphabetically.
2079:Medieval history of the Low Countries
2024:
1983:
652:
99:
13:
14:
2100:
2050:
1922:City status in the United Kingdom
1935:
141:(the right to mint city coinage)
2018:
2057:City Rights in the Netherlands
1989:
1957:
1:
1950:
702:
512:
503:
209:
7:
1905:
618:to receive city rights was
499:List of towns in Luxembourg
135:(the right to charge tolls)
69:
10:
2105:
496:
198:
171:" ('City air makes free').
167:) – Hence the old saying "
73:
16:Aspect of medieval history
2089:Cities in the Netherlands
147:(the right to levy taxes)
2084:Urban planning by region
1831:(Den Haag/'s-Gravenhage)
125:(the right to store and
2034:(in German). Leipzig:
201:City status in Belgium
2036:Duncker & Humblot
649:in the 16th century.
169:Stadslucht maakt vrij
74:Further information:
915:Sint Anna ter Muiden
677:Constitution of 1848
668:Batavian Revolution
600:Hollerich-Bonnevoie
165:freedom of mobility
1183:Wijk bij Duurstede
653:End of city rights
630:. Another case is
100:Common City rights
1997:"stadsrechten.nl"
1973:978-90-6550-219-3
1944:
1942:Cities portal
1903:
1902:
607:
606:
490:
489:
127:exclusively trade
2096:
2046:
2044:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1999:. Archived from
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1961:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
746:'s-Hertogenbosch
703:
566:Esch-sur-Alzette
513:
210:
161:Personal freedom
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2069:
2068:
2053:
2038:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1936:
1934:
1912:Town privileges
1908:
783:Geertruidenberg
701:
655:
612:
538:Luxembourg City
506:
501:
495:
208:
203:
197:
182:Self-governance
111:Defensive walls
102:
82:town privileges
78:
72:
37:town privileges
17:
12:
11:
5:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2051:External links
2049:
2048:
2047:
2026:Karl von Hegel
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
1988:
1986:, p. 243.
1976:
1963:H.P.H. Camps,
1955:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1929:
1927:Scottish Burgh
1924:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
951:'s-Gravenzande
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
843:Sint Oedenrode
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
765:Bergen op Zoom
761:
755:
749:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
700:
697:
660:Dutch Republic
654:
651:
636:Forum Hadriani
611:
608:
605:
604:
603:
602:
596:
590:
584:
576:
575:
574:
568:
562:
556:
548:
547:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
505:
502:
497:Main article:
494:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
419:
413:
405:
404:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
323:Geraardsbergen
319:
313:
305:
304:
303:
297:
295:Dilsen-Stokkem
291:
285:
279:
273:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
207:
204:
199:Main article:
196:
193:
192:
191:
185:
173:
172:
152:
151:
148:
142:
136:
130:
120:
114:
101:
98:
71:
68:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2101:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2003:on 2011-07-24
2002:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:Brouwershaven
1766:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:Eemnes-Binnen
1730:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:Barsingerhorn
1676:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1601:Schellinkhout
1598:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:'s-Heerenberg
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1363:Eemnes-Buiten
1360:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1187:1300 approx.
1186:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
991:1256 or 1258
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
976:
972:
970:
966:
964:
960:
958:
954:
952:
948:
946:
942:
940:
936:
934:
930:
928:
924:
922:
918:
916:
912:
910:
906:
904:
900:
898:
894:
892:
888:
886:
882:
880:
876:
874:
870:
868:
864:
862:
858:
856:
852:
850:
846:
844:
840:
838:
834:
832:
828:
826:
822:
820:
816:
814:
810:
808:
804:
802:
798:
796:
792:
790:
786:
784:
780:
778:
774:
772:
768:
766:
762:
760:
756:
754:
750:
747:
743:
741:
737:
735:
731:
729:
725:
723:
719:
717:
713:
711:
707:
706:
704:
696:
694:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:
650:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
601:
597:
595:
591:
589:
585:
583:
579:
578:
573:
569:
567:
563:
561:
557:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
539:
535:
533:
529:
527:
523:
521:
517:
516:
514:
511:
510:
500:
484:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
466:
462:
460:
456:
454:
450:
448:
444:
442:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
424:
420:
418:
414:
412:
408:
407:
402:
398:
396:
392:
390:
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
372:
368:
366:
362:
360:
356:
354:
350:
348:
344:
342:
338:
336:
332:
330:
326:
324:
320:
318:
314:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
296:
292:
290:
286:
284:
280:
278:
274:
272:
268:
266:
262:
260:
256:
254:
250:
248:
244:
242:
238:
236:
232:
230:
226:
224:
220:
218:
214:
213:
211:
202:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
170:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
97:
95:
91:
85:
83:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:Low Countries
2030:
2019:Bibliography
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1991:
1979:
1964:
1959:
1932:
1931:
1878:Sas van Gent
1399:Monnickendam
681:
675:. After the
656:
644:
628:Roman Empire
613:
532:Grevenmacher
508:
507:
353:Herk de Stad
175:
174:
168:
154:
153:
123:Staple right
117:Market right
104:
103:
86:
79:
41:
27:, usually a
18:
2039: [
1739:Gramsbergen
1721:Zevenbergen
1495:Reimerswaal
1483:Hindeloopen
1321:IJsselstein
1095:Schoonhoven
1065:Vlaardingen
1053:Steenbergen
801:Westkapelle
748:(Den Bosch)
640:Middle Ages
616:Netherlands
572:Differdange
365:Hoogstraten
283:Dendermonde
94:city-states
52:Netherlands
2073:Categories
2065:(in Dutch)
2059:(in Dutch)
2007:2011-02-19
1984:Hegel 1891
1951:References
1896:Delfshaven
1890:Winschoten
1854:Roosendaal
1848:Oosterhout
1823:Austerlitz
1811:Willemstad
1799:Arnemuiden
1793:Philippine
1781:Bronkhorst
1745:Valkenburg
1577:Haastrecht
1547:Bredevoort
1541:Bunschoten
1523:Ravenstein
1447:Hardenberg
1417:Woudrichem
1381:Vollenhove
1303:Maasbommel
1291:Appingedam
1249:Zaltbommel
1237:Vlissingen
1213:Goedereede
1195:IJzendijke
1111:Leeuwarden
1101:Nieuwpoort
1071:Genemuiden
1041:Nieuwstadt
1017:Wageningen
999:Amersfoort
903:Doetinchem
831:Harderwijk
819:Oisterwijk
789:Middelburg
759:Maastricht
728:Aardenburg
688:Delfshaven
588:Ettelbruck
526:Echternach
504:Modern era
429:Oudenaarde
176:Governance
139:Mint right
133:Toll right
105:Privileges
50:, and the
48:Luxembourg
25:liege lord
1866:Maassluis
1829:The Hague
1805:Terneuzen
1775:Ravestein
1763:Heenvliet
1685:Langedijk
1661:Spanbroek
1631:Purmerend
1625:Coevorden
1583:Noordwijk
1535:Hagestein
1529:Geervliet
1393:Enkhuizen
1375:Batenburg
1351:Rotterdam
1339:Grafhorst
1309:Montfoort
1297:Steenwijk
1285:Ootmarsum
1273:Ammerstol
1267:Gorinchem
1255:Culemborg
1243:Wieringen
1177:Eembrugge
1171:Amsterdam
1153:Staverden
1141:Beverwijk
1117:Medemblik
1023:Oudewater
975:Oldenzaal
969:Zierikzee
933:Groningen
885:Harlingen
849:Eindhoven
795:Dordrecht
740:Biervliet
684:The Hague
594:Rumelange
582:Dudelange
483:Zoutleeuw
441:Roeselare
435:Poperinge
347:Herentals
341:Harelbeke
188:Judiciary
56:Staverden
2028:(1891).
1906:See also
1884:Delfzijl
1817:Blokzijl
1787:Zevenaar
1751:Bolsward
1727:Kortgene
1649:Hoogwoud
1643:Abbekerk
1559:Heukelum
1489:Franeker
1435:Klundert
1387:Berlikum
1279:Enschede
1201:Waalwijk
1083:Susteren
1077:Schiedam
1035:Montfort
1005:Vreeland
909:Oostburg
897:Doesburg
837:Roermond
813:Nijmegen
716:Stavoren
710:Deventer
664:Blokzijl
647:republic
632:Voorburg
624:Nijmegen
620:Deventer
520:Diekirch
477:Turnhout
411:Mechelen
377:Kortrijk
265:Brussels
241:Bastogne
223:Aarschot
155:Freedoms
145:Taxation
90:Flanders
70:Overview
1872:Zaandam
1860:Tilburg
1709:Terborg
1697:Schagen
1691:Niedorp
1637:Nijkerk
1619:Leerdam
1511:Borculo
1477:Woerden
1369:Helmond
1261:Heusden
1225:Huissen
1219:Asperen
1207:Brielle
1189:Naarden
1089:Groenlo
987:Alkmaar
981:Hasselt
939:Haarlem
927:Sittard
921:Rijssen
807:Domburg
753:Zutphen
722:Utrecht
662:, only
554:Vianden
471:Torhout
401:Maaseik
235:Antwerp
64:Vianden
44:Belgium
1971:
1842:Meppel
1715:Sloten
1673:Wognum
1607:Keppel
1595:Ameide
1565:Almelo
1501:Workum
1471:Gennep
1465:Tholen
1459:Rhenen
1345:Vianen
1333:Delden
1327:Wilsum
1315:Wessem
1159:Hattem
1147:Dokkum
1135:Muiden
1029:Leiden
993:Rhenen
963:Winkel
891:Kampen
873:Arnhem
867:Lochem
855:Elburg
825:Zwolle
544:Remich
465:Tienen
423:Ostend
417:Nijvel
389:Leuven
383:Landen
301:Durbuy
277:Deinze
259:Bruges
247:Bilzen
60:Durbuy
2043:]
1894:1825
1888:1819
1882:1819
1876:1816
1870:1812
1864:1811
1858:1809
1852:1809
1846:1809
1840:1809
1836:Assen
1834:1809
1827:1806
1821:1806
1815:1672
1809:1585
1803:1584
1797:1574
1791:1506
1785:1487
1779:1482
1773:1480
1767:1477
1761:1469
1757:Sneek
1755:1456
1749:1455
1743:1452
1737:1442
1731:1439
1725:1431
1719:1427
1713:1426
1707:1419
1703:Texel
1701:1415
1695:1415
1689:1415
1683:1415
1677:1415
1671:1414
1667:Weert
1665:1414
1659:1414
1653:1414
1647:1414
1641:1414
1635:1413
1629:1410
1623:1408
1617:1407
1611:1405
1605:1404
1599:1402
1593:13??
1587:1399
1581:1398
1575:1396
1571:Buren
1569:1395
1563:1394
1557:1391
1553:Baarn
1551:1391
1545:1388
1539:1383
1533:1382
1527:1381
1521:1380
1515:1379
1509:1375
1499:1374
1493:1374
1487:1374
1481:1372
1475:1372
1469:1371
1463:1366
1457:1364
1453:Broek
1451:1364
1445:1362
1441:Megen
1439:1357
1433:1357
1429:Hoorn
1427:1357
1421:1357
1415:1356
1411:Weesp
1409:1355
1405:Veere
1403:1355
1397:1355
1391:1355
1385:1355
1379:1354
1373:1349
1367:1346
1361:1345
1355:1343
1349:1340
1343:1336
1337:1333
1331:1333
1325:1331
1319:1331
1313:1329
1307:1329
1301:1328
1295:1327
1289:1327
1283:1325
1277:1325
1271:1322
1265:1322
1259:1318
1253:1318
1247:1315
1241:1315
1235:1315
1231:IJlst
1229:1315
1223:1314
1217:1313
1211:1312
1205:1306
1199:1303
1193:1303
1181:1300
1175:1300
1169:1300
1163:12??
1157:1299
1151:1298
1145:1298
1139:1298
1133:1296
1127:1295
1123:Sluis
1121:1290
1115:1289
1109:1285
1099:1283
1093:1280
1087:1277
1081:1276
1075:1275
1069:1275
1063:1273
1059:Venlo
1057:1272
1051:1272
1047:Gouda
1045:1272
1039:1271
1033:1271
1027:1266
1021:1265
1015:1263
1009:1263
1003:1260
997:1259
985:1254
979:1252
973:1249
967:1248
961:1248
957:Ommen
955:1248
949:1246
945:Delft
943:1246
937:1245
931:1245
925:1243
919:1243
913:1242
907:1237
901:1237
895:1237
889:1236
883:1234
879:Gendt
877:1233
871:1233
865:1233
861:Grave
859:1233
853:1233
847:1232
841:1232
835:1231
829:1231
823:1230
817:1230
811:1230
805:1223
799:1223
793:1220
787:1217
781:1213
775:1213
771:Breda
769:1212
763:1212
757:1204
751:1190
744:1185
738:1183
734:Hulst
732:1180
726:1127
720:1122
714:1118
693:Assen
673:state
598:1914
592:1907
586:1907
580:1907
570:1907
564:1906
560:Wiltz
558:1843
552:1843
542:1843
536:1843
530:1843
524:1843
518:1843
481:1107
475:1212
469:1183
463:1243
459:Tielt
457:1245
451:1594
447:Ronse
445:1240
439:1250
433:1147
427:1189
421:1267
415:1163
409:1301
399:1244
393:1212
387:1211
381:1211
375:1127
371:Ypres
369:1174
363:1210
357:1066
351:1386
345:1209
339:1153
335:Halle
333:1225
329:Halen
327:1206
321:1068
317:Ghent
315:1178
311:Eeklo
309:1240
299:1331
293:1244
289:Diest
287:1229
281:1233
275:1241
271:Damme
269:1180
263:1229
257:1128
251:1386
245:1386
239:1332
233:1221
227:1166
221:1194
217:Aalst
215:1174
29:count
1969:ISBN
1613:Goes
1423:Edam
1357:Echt
1165:Tiel
1129:Gein
1011:Goor
777:Axel
708:956
395:Lier
253:Bree
33:duke
23:. A
1967:,
1655:Hem
1589:Oss
453:Spa
359:Huy
229:Ath
42:In
2075::
2041:de
84:.
66:.
46:,
31:,
2045:.
2010:.
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