2037:
1969:
218:
gradually supplanted the periodic markets, while peddlers or itinerant sellers continued to fill in any gaps in distribution. The physical market was characterised by transactional exchange and bartering systems were commonplace. Shops had higher overhead costs, but were able to offer regular trading hours and a relationship with customers and may have offered added value services, such as credit terms to reliable customers. The economy was characterised by local trading in which goods were traded across relatively short distances. Braudel reports that, in 1600, grain moved just 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km); cattle 40–70 miles (64–113 km); wool and woollen cloth 20–40 miles (32–64 km). However, following the
European age of discovery, goods were imported from afar – calico cloth from India, porcelain, silk and tea from China, spices from India and South-East Asia and tobacco, sugar, rum and coffee from the New World.
1761:
1118:
1692:
1561:
1877:
700:
1704:
1849:
2160:
951:
931:
1577:
1925:
919:
1893:
1909:
1546:
1665:
1515:
1466:
421:
2084:
1680:
2053:
1777:
728:
1937:
2036:
1985:
887:
125:
1451:
394:
1805:
991:
1821:
2132:
1439:
1147:
1531:
596:
2072:
963:
313:
1745:
2116:
2100:
448:
367:
2148:
1865:
2005:
1953:
1837:
206:
1793:
2021:
903:
1218:
1485:
648:
1500:
632:
340:
873:), which was a port or harbor with a monopoly to import and export goods and materials in both the port and a surrounding outlying district. Typically, these were locations for exporting timber, and importing grain and goods. Local farm goods and timber sales were all required to pass through merchants at either a small seaport or a market town prior to export. This encouraged local merchants to ensure trading went through them, which was so effective in limiting unsupervised sales (
1282:
38:
22:
712:
1336:
975:
616:
2578:
202:
congregated in market towns – peddlers, retailers, hucksters, stallholders, merchants and other types of trader. Some were professional traders who occupied a local shopfront such as a bakery or alehouse, while others were casual traders who set up a stall or carried their wares around in baskets on market days. Market trade supplied for the needs of local consumers whether they were visitors or local residents.
152:
were accorded market town status through custom and practice if they had been in existence prior to 1199. From an early stage, kings and administrators understood that a successful market town attracted people, generated revenue and would pay for the town's defences. In around the 12th century, European kings began granting charters to villages allowing them to hold markets on specific days.
689:
depending on the era from which various parts of the city originate. Market towns were characterized as a transition between a village and a city, without a unified, definite city core. A high level of urban planning only marks an era starting from the 17th-18th centuries. This dating is partially related to the modernization and resettlement waves after the liberation of
1405:. It is generally accepted that, in these cases, when a town was granted a market, it gained the additional autonomy conferred to separate towns. Many of the early market towns have continued operations into recent times. For instance, Northampton market received its first charter in 1189 and markets are still held in the square to this day.
554:. Conrad created a number of market towns in Saxony throughout the 11th century and did much to develop peaceful markets by granting a special 'peace' to merchants and a special and permanent 'peace' to market-places. With the rise of the territories, the ability to designate market towns was passed to the princes and dukes, as the basis of
1634:: a place where the right to hold a regular market or fair was granted by a ruling authority (either royal, noble, or ecclesiastical). As in the rest of the UK, the area in which the cross was situated was almost always central: either in a square; or in a broad, main street. Towns which still have regular markets include:
1299:
As the number of charters granted increased, competition between market towns also increased. In response to competitive pressures, towns invested in a reputation for quality produce, efficient market regulation and good amenities for visitors such as covered accommodation. By the thirteenth century,
1137:
Until about 1200, markets were often held on
Sundays, the day when the community congregated in town to attend church. Some of the more ancient markets appear to have been held in churchyards. At the time of the Norman conquest, the majority of the population made their living through agriculture and
217:
Braudel and
Reynold have made a systematic study of European market towns between the 13th and 15th century. Their investigation shows that in regional districts markets were held once or twice a week while daily markets were common in larger cities. Over time, permanent shops began opening daily and
688:
The successors of these settlements usually have a distinguishable townscape. The absence of fortification walls, sparsely populated agglomerations, and their tight bonds with agricultural life allowed these towns to remain more vertical compared to civitates. The street-level urban structure varies
229:
A good number of local histories of individual market towns can be found. However, more general histories of the rise of market-towns across Europe are much more difficult to locate. Clark points out that while a good deal is known about the economic value of markets in local economies, the cultural
1142:
and their families brought their surplus produce to informal markets held on the grounds of their church after worship. By the 13th century, however, a movement against Sunday markets gathered momentum, and the market gradually moved to a site in town's centre and was held on a weekday. By the 15th
1133:
was granted, it gave local lords the right to take tolls and also afforded the town some protection from rival markets. When a chartered market was granted for specific market days, a nearby rival market could not open on the same days. Across the boroughs of
England, a network of chartered markets
834:
Norway developed market towns at a much later period than other parts of Europe. The reasons for this late development are complex but include the sparse population, lack of urbanisation, no real manufacturing industries and no cash economy. The first market town was created in 11th century Norway,
151:
or monasteries, not only to enjoy their protection, but also because large manorial households and monasteries generated demand for goods and services. Historians term these early market towns "prescriptive market towns" in that they may not have enjoyed any official sanction such as a charter, but
774:
in the 19th and 20th century. In the latter half of the 20th century, the special rights granted to market towns mostly involved a greater autonomy in fiscal matters and control over town planning, schooling and social care. Unlike rural municipalities, the market towns were not considered part of
139:
The primary purpose of a market town is the provision of goods and services to the surrounding locality. Although market towns were known in antiquity, their number increased rapidly from the 12th century. Market towns across Europe flourished with an improved economy, a more urbanised society and
673:
In
Hungarian, the word for market town "mezőváros" means literally "pasture town" and implies that it was unfortified town: they were architecturally distinguishable from other towns by the lack of town walls. Most market towns were chartered in the 14th and 15th centuries and typically developed
201:
A number of studies have pointed to the prevalence of the periodic market in medieval towns and rural areas due to the localised nature of the economy. The marketplace was the commonly accepted location for trade, social interaction, transfer of information and gossip. A broad range of retailers
1268:
The
English system of charters established that a new market town could not be created within a certain travelling distance of an existing one. This limit was usually a day's worth of travelling (approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)) to and from the market. If the travel time exceeded this
221:
The importance of local markets began to decline in the mid-16th century. Permanent shops which provided more stable trading hours began to supplant the periodic market. In addition, the rise of a merchant class led to the import and exports of a broad range of goods, contributing to a reduced
1331:
A study on the purchasing habits of the monks and other individuals in medieval
England, suggests that consumers of the period were relatively discerning. Purchase decisions were based on purchase criteria such as consumers' perceptions of the range, quality, and price of goods. This informed
1723:
was known as the "great painter of the market" Painters' interest in markets was due, at least in part, to the changing nature of the market system at that time. With the rise of the merchant guilds, the public began to distinguish between two types of merchant, the
1732:
which described a new, emergent class of trader who dealt in goods or credit on a large scale. Paintings of every day market scenes may have been an affectionate attempt to record familiar scenes and document a world that was in danger of being lost.
1968:
1273:
to close down illegal markets in other towns. These distances are still law in
England today. Other markets can be held, provided they are licensed by the holder of the Royal Charter, which tends currently to be the local
677:
Archaeological studies suggest that the ground plans of such market towns had multiple streets and could also emerge from a group of villages or an earlier urban settlement in decline, or be created as a new urban centre.
1560:
1300:
counties with important textile industries were investing in purpose built market halls for the sale of cloth. Specific market towns cultivated a reputation for high quality local goods. For example, London's
1760:
1876:
490:
699:
1924:
880:
Norwegian "market towns" died out and were replaced by free markets during the 19th century. After 1952, both the "small seaport" and the "market town" were relegated to simple town status.
835:
to encourage businesses to concentrate around specific towns. King Olaf established a market town at Bergen in the 11th century, and it soon became the residence of many wealthy families.
1848:
930:
1703:
786:
in 1983 and from that point there were 24 market towns until a municipal reform in 1986 essentially abolished the concept. Many of the existing market towns would continue to be named
1603:. These often arcaded buildings performed marketplace functions, frequently with a community space on the upper floor. The oldest surviving structures date from the mid-17th century.
1908:
1198:, who established a Fair and Market in 1232. Travelers were able to meet and trade wares in relative safety for a week of "fayres" at a location inside the town walls. The reign of
2979:
1691:
1679:
674:
around 13th-century villages that had preceded them. A boom in the raising of livestock may have been a trigger for the upsurge in the number of market towns during that period.
2839:
294:, market towns were merged with neighboring parishes, and the market towns lost their special status and privileges, though many still advertise themselves using the moniker of
162:
is a notable example of a market situated near a fortified building. Additionally, markets were located where transport was easiest, such as at a crossroads or close to a river
1664:
144:
of 1086 lists 50 markets in
England. Some 2,000 new markets were established between 1200 and 1349. The burgeoning of market towns occurred across Europe around the same time.
116:
in
Scotland). They were and are typically open one or two days a week. In the modern era, the rise of permanent retail establishments reduced the need for periodic markets.
1225:
Market towns grew up at centres of local activity and were an important feature of rural life and also became important centres of social life, as some place names suggest:
2083:
1892:
1576:
420:
4964:
393:
3188:
2159:
918:
4944:
447:
100:, but this is a relatively recent development. Historically the markets were open-air, held in what is usually called (regardless of its actual shape) the
1138:
livestock farming. Most lived on their farms, situated outside towns, and the town itself supported a relatively small population of permanent residents.
950:
1984:
1936:
1804:
1011:
2963:
Remarks on London: Being an Exact Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, Borough of Southwark, and the Suburbs and Liberties Contiguous to Them
275:
1820:
2099:
2052:
2131:
1465:
2071:
1107:
3552:
2995:
81:. In Britain, small rural towns with a hinterland of villages are still commonly called market towns, as sometimes reflected in their names (e.g.
727:
312:
2498:
3181:
2840:
http://www.northamptonshireheritage.co.uk/learn/built-heritage-and-the-historic-environment/Pages/market-squares.aspx#expand-NorthamptonMarket
2455:
1836:
1776:
1545:
1265:
verb meaning "to buy". A major study carried out by the University of London found evidence for least 2,400 markets in English towns by 1516.
851:. This practice served to encourage growth in areas which had strategic significance, providing a local economic base for the construction of
366:
3602:
2147:
2115:
1952:
1530:
1450:
1389:
A "market town" may or may not have rights concerning self-government that are usually the legal basis for defining a "town". For instance,
1370:, as well, with administrative or civic quarters on the upper floor, above a covered trading area. Market towns with smaller status include
1170:, which held a market in late Roman Britain. The term derived from markets and fairs first established in 13th century after the passage of
2805:
2283:
2004:
1514:
595:
2264:
1424:, there is no single register of modern entitlements to hold markets and fairs, although historical charters up to 1516 are listed in the
4959:
2977:
2591:
1117:
3211:
1438:
1269:
standard, a new market town could be established in that locale. As a result of the limit, official market towns often petitioned the
4333:
3174:
2927:
877:) that customs revenues increased from less than 30% of the total tax revenues in 1600 to more than 50% of the total taxes by 1700.
1203:
1129:
was generally seen to be a royal prerogative. However, the granting of charters was not systematically recorded until 1199. Once a
1099:
902:
886:
2020:
339:
4239:
2877:
1744:
1134:
sprang up between the 12th and 16th centuries, giving consumers reasonable choice in the markets they preferred to patronise.
647:
631:
2669:
Cate, J.L., "The Church and Market Reform in England During the Reign of Henry III," in J.L. Cate and E.N. Anderson (eds.),
990:
962:
5000:
4995:
4453:
3491:
2801:
Koot, G.M.,"Shops and Shopping in Britain: from market stalls to chain stores," University of Dartmouth, 2011, <Online:
2279:
Koot, G.M.,"Shops and Shopping in Britain: from market stalls to chain stores," University of Dartmouth, 2011, <Online:
1864:
1402:
4182:
2585:
831:
over the purchase and sale of wares, and operation of other businesses, both in the town and in the surrounding district.
5005:
4458:
3886:
3390:
1719:
Dutch painters of Antwerp took great interest in market places and market towns as subject matter from the 16th century.
827:) was a town which had been granted commerce privileges by the king or other authorities. The citizens in the town had a
752:
5010:
4990:
4385:
1792:
1409:
1041:
2738:
4271:
4219:
4128:
3139:
3132:
3118:
3104:
2433:
1103:
4408:
4348:
4308:
4214:
4192:
3976:
3631:
3626:
3297:
3161:
2873:
1728:
which referred to local merchants including bakers, grocers, sellers of dairy products and stall-holders, and the
974:
4473:
4234:
3398:
1420:, has around 32,000 members and close links with market traders' federations throughout Europe. According to the
843:
was to be conducted only through market towns, to allow oversight of commerce and to simplify the imposition of
711:
4915:
4468:
3717:
3648:
1484:
1091:
182:, several market towns close together were designated to take advantage of the new trains. The designation of
4767:
3842:
2547:
Den urbane underskog: Stadsbygge i bondeland – ett forskningsfält med teoretiska och metodiska implikationer,
1065:
1499:
4585:
4392:
4204:
3742:
3619:
3458:
1899:
1246:
291:
4328:
4073:
2610:
1182:
of 1258 were only possible because of the foundation of a town and university at a crossing-place on the
2487:
Zsolt, V., ed., Department of Monuments of the Ministry of National Cultural Heritage, 2003, pp 368–372.
2483:
Laszlovszky, J., Miklós, Z., Romhányi, B and Szende, K., "The Archaeology of Hungary’s Medieval Towns,"
2252:
1432:
includes "A List of all the Market Towns in England and Wales; with the Days of the Week whereon kept".
1354:
in the centre of the town, to obtain God's blessing on the trade. Notable examples of market crosses in
615:
4443:
3954:
3542:
3156:
2999:
2851:
1350:. These provided room for people to set up stalls and booths on market days. Often the town erected a
4643:
4615:
4433:
4197:
3949:
3562:
2138:
1643:
1095:
685:. Their long-lasting feudal subordination to landowners or the church is also a crucial difference.
483:
3166:
2426:
Kingship and Politics in the Late 9th Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire
174:
were first built, market towns were given priority to ease the transport of goods. For instance, in
4648:
4413:
3754:
3431:
2452:
1767:
124:
2521:
589:. Nevertheless, the title has no further legal significance, as it does not grant any privileges.
5020:
5015:
4256:
4116:
4094:
3859:
3451:
3198:
3054:
2788:
Casson, M. and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective,"
2775:
Casson, M. and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective,"
2299:
Casson, M. and Lee, J., "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective,"
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1670:
1651:
1383:
1363:
183:
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4133:
3971:
3871:
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3527:
2627:
1975:
1855:
1611:
In Scotland, borough markets were held weekly from an early stage. A King's market was held at
1159:
941:
479:
1146:
274:
were among the first. As of 1801, there were 74 market towns in Denmark (for a full list, see
4985:
4868:
4104:
3788:
3772:
3732:
3722:
3557:
3421:
3403:
3249:
2058:
1401:. In England, towns with such rights are usually distinguished with the additional status of
1285:
766:, would lose their market rights in 1836. New market towns would be designated by acts from
4835:
3727:
3287:
2904:
2334:
2216:
2186:
1421:
1262:
1199:
1179:
1045:
852:
262:) emerged during the Iron Age. It is not known which was the first Danish market town, but
2545:
Holt, R., "Medieval Norway’s urbanizationin a European perspective," in S. Olaffson (ed),
8:
4843:
4680:
4338:
4266:
3961:
3919:
3807:
3737:
3712:
3499:
3446:
3259:
3254:
2935:
2106:
1943:
1390:
776:
550:
2658:
Provincial Towns in Early Modern England and Ireland: Change, Convergence and Divergence
210:
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4675:
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3749:
3682:
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3532:
3372:
1783:
1394:
863:
809:
756:
541:
267:
602:
4717:
4705:
4353:
4343:
3966:
3944:
3849:
3813:
3707:
3594:
3584:
3569:
3426:
3359:
3135:
3128:
3114:
3100:
2764:
The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century,
2429:
2360:
Medieval Market Morality: Life, Law and Ethics in the English Marketplace, 1200-1500,
2322:
Medieval Market Morality: Life, Law and Ethics in the English Marketplace, 1200-1500,
2166:
2062:
1827:
1811:
1600:
1230:
1126:
682:
4762:
4560:
4123:
4029:
3782:
3666:
3537:
3517:
3481:
3354:
3325:
3264:
1995:
1359:
1346:
As traditional market towns developed, they featured a wide main street or central
1254:
1211:
1037:
909:
856:
514:
205:
58:
1217:
4949:
4934:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
4810:
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4141:
4044:
3988:
3925:
3896:
3881:
3661:
3656:
3614:
3579:
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2226:
2043:
2027:
1417:
1242:
1049:
690:
555:
494:
287:
279:
255:
222:
reliance on local produce. At the centre of this new global mercantile trade was
163:
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2898:
2725:
2709:
2631:
2474:
Vol. II The First Renaissance, 1100-1190 AD, London, John Murray, 1914, pp 41–42
2317:
981:
862:
Norway included a subordinate category to the market town, the "small seaport" (
4281:
4249:
4111:
4049:
4039:
4034:
3854:
3820:
3688:
3638:
3589:
3282:
2122:
1959:
1883:
1751:
1720:
1371:
1301:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1057:
187:
179:
90:
82:
4742:
1930:
A Poultry Market Before a Village Inn by Barent Gael, n.d. (late 17th century)
147:
Initially, market towns most often grew up close to fortified places, such as
4979:
4463:
4303:
4065:
3914:
3777:
3547:
3522:
3365:
3076:
3051:
A Revolution from Above; The Power State of 16th and 17th Century Scandinavia
1583:
1347:
1163:
1143:
century, towns were legally prohibited from holding markets in church-yards.
1053:
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848:
783:
457:
453:
430:
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403:
399:
376:
372:
345:
322:
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303:
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191:
171:
141:
101:
26:
2522:"KISALFÖLDI ÉS ALFÖLDI MEZŐVÁROSOK KÜLÖNBÖZŐSÉGE, KISVÁROSI ÉRTÉKEK VÉDELME"
1685:
Square in front of St Giles' Church, Elgin, is the site of a medieval market
4863:
4855:
4850:
4815:
4323:
4318:
4229:
3699:
3349:
3311:
3244:
3162:
Cheshire Market Towns – council maintained guide to Cheshire's Market Towns
2697:
Archaeology in British Towns: From the Emperor Claudius to the Black Death,
1631:
1596:
1471:
1351:
1281:
1275:
1234:
1183:
1100:
Market cross § Towns and villages in Great Britain with a market cross
1048:
at the end of the 18th-century, these settlements became widespread in the
844:
755:
until 1786. With the abolishment of the trading monopoly, six market town (
128:
113:
109:
105:
97:
86:
37:
4757:
2373:
The Wheels of Commerce: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th to 18th Century,
2267:
The Wheels of Commerce: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th to 18th Century,
1615:
on a specific day from about the year 1171; a Thursday market was held at
763:
4483:
4428:
4291:
4286:
4276:
4006:
3904:
3876:
3441:
3436:
3303:
2201:
2196:
1915:
1536:
1367:
1335:
1195:
1171:
1167:
1166:
occupation of Britain's southern regions. Another ancient market town is
855:
and sufficient population to defend the area. It also served to restrict
734:
654:
586:
545:
518:
155:
70:
62:
21:
4670:
2682:
Postan, M.M., Rich, E.E. and Miller, E., "Early Markets and Fairs," in
1121:
The Fish Market at Hastings Beach by Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1810
997:
799:
638:
226:, which by the mid-16th century, was the largest market town in Europe.
4370:
3909:
3764:
3463:
2821:
Dyer, C., "Market Towns and the Countryside in Late Medieval England,"
2011:
1991:
1639:
1567:
1551:
1521:
1456:
1375:
1191:
1155:
1015:
534:
353:
349:
175:
61:
most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the
46:
30:
2614:, vol. 5, 1990, published online by the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
769:
4789:
4747:
4722:
4580:
4535:
4423:
4365:
4187:
3936:
3196:
2605:
2253:
https://archaeologywordsmith.comlookup.php?terms=central+place+theory
2191:
1635:
1490:
1379:
1293:
1187:
1082:
had a special administrative status other than that of town or city.
874:
821:
461:
407:
195:
167:
4825:
4820:
244:
4575:
4545:
4375:
4298:
4209:
4021:
3799:
3509:
2206:
1620:
1612:
1505:
1475:
1413:
1207:
828:
411:
4885:
4779:
4630:
2722:
Online Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516
2314:
Online Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516
1194:
in the stream. Early patronage included Thomas Furnyvale, lord of
4880:
4805:
4635:
4625:
4565:
4478:
4448:
4380:
4261:
3473:
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2211:
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1647:
1624:
1616:
1398:
1355:
1321:
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1270:
1139:
1069:
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748:
718:
578:
574:
570:
510:
506:
438:
384:
330:
223:
159:
74:
3123:
Dyer, Christopher, "The Consumer and the Market," Chapter 13 in
3067:
The English Market Town: A Social and Economic History 1750-1914
2453:
http://www.neckar-magazin.de/english/cities/esslingen/index.html
2231:
434:
380:
4910:
4900:
4895:
4830:
4784:
4700:
4570:
4555:
4550:
4540:
4224:
3831:
3413:
2303:, Vol 85, Spring, 2011, pp 9–37. doi:10.1017/S0007680511000018
2221:
1313:
1074:
840:
836:
805:
606:
263:
148:
4655:
1673:
Farmers Market, Scotland with cobbled square in the foreground
705:
Hungarian fruit market, original drawing by Wilhelm Hahn, 1868
4905:
4890:
4875:
4752:
4737:
4727:
4712:
4690:
4685:
4620:
4418:
4360:
4244:
2803:
https://www1.umassd.edu/ir/resources/consumption/shopping.pdf
2281:
https://www1.umassd.edu/ir/resources/consumption/shopping.pdf
1842:
Fruit and vegetable market, Holland by Sybrand van Beest 1652
1655:
1325:
1202:
witnessed a spike in established market fairs. The defeat of
859:
merchants from trading in areas other than those designated.
622:
582:
465:
230:
role of market-towns has received scant scholarly attention.
1630:
In Scotland, market towns were often distinguished by their
4732:
3998:
3336:
3152:
Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516
2900:
Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516
2624:
Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516
1658:. Not all still possess their mercat cross (market cross).
1308:
became associated with a particular type of cloth known as
1125:
From the time of the Norman conquest, the right to award a
762:) were founded around the country. All of them, except for
326:
271:
78:
2976:
Britnell, R., "Markets and Fairs in Britain Before 1216,"
2792:
Vol 85, Spring, 2011, doi:10.1017/S0007680511000018, p. 27
2263:
Britnell, R., "Markets and Fairs in Britain Before 1216,"
1214:
in 1295 to perambulate the boundaries of forest and town.
4530:
1162:
recorded market town, dating to at least the time of the
2335:
http://www.buildinghistory.org/buildings/townwalls.shtml
2077:
Town hall and market by Cornelis Springer, 1864 (detail)
1737:
Paintings and drawings of market towns and market scenes
1316:
was known for producing fine woollen cloth, the town of
540:
Market rights were designated as long ago as during the
2739:"Bracton: Thorne Edition: English. Volume 3, Page 198"
2153:
Market in Poltava by Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky, n.d.
1366:
and Devizes, Wiltshire. Market towns often featured a
2928:"A List of all the Market Towns in England and Wales"
2428:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 12.
790:
even after the term lost any administrative meaning.
140:
the widespread introduction of a cash-based economy.
2485:
Hungary's Archaeology at the Turn of the Millennium,
2388:, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1992
681:
Frequently, they had limited privileges compared to
2584:
1709:
Weekly Farmers' Market at Castle Terrace, Edinburgh
1426:
Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales
4513:
3099:, Newton Abbot, Devon, David & Charles, 1974.
3035:Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp,
3022:Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp,
2399:Painting & the Market in Early Modern Antwerp,
2375:Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1992
2270:Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1992
4977:
1108:List of market houses in the Republic of Ireland
924:Market square, Youngstorget Nytorvet, c. 1915-20
2560:Heimskringla: or, The Lives of the Norse Kings,
1332:decisions about where to make their purchases.
1278:. Failing that, the Crown can grant a licence.
767:
751:was under Danish rule, Danish merchants held a
2647:London, Hambledon and London, 1994, pp 283-303
2349:London, Hambledon and London, 1994, pp 283–303
1697:Orkney Auction Mart, Hatston Industrial Estate
1221:London's Clare market by Thomas Shepherd, 1815
1150:The Fish Market by Joachim Beuckelaer, c. 1568
782:The last town to be granted market rights was
213:, where the market dates back to at least 1356
3182:
2726:http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/gazweb2.html
2710:https://www.sodburytowncouncil.gov.uk/history
2632:http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/gazweb2.html
2318:http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/gaz/gazweb2.html
1085:
561:The local ordinance status of a market town (
2660:, , Oxford University Press (2002), pp 65-66
1046:partitions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
254:In Denmark, the concept of the market town (
16:Settlement granted the right to host markets
4960:List of administrative divisions by country
3113:, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.
3069:, Jonathan Brown, (The Crowood Press, 1986)
2592:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
1206:increased the sample testing of markets by
1021:
3189:
3175:
3157:Pictures of England, Historic Market Towns
2708:Chipping Sodbury Town Council, "History",
2684:The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,
2566:, Princeton University Press, 2015, p.121
2089:Pwllheli Market in Wales, watercolour by
1974:'Returning from Market', oil painting by
521:. Other terms used for market towns were
3227:
2686:London, Cambridge University Press, 1965
2414:Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 124
2362:Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp 6-9
2324:Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 144
1714:
1334:
1280:
1216:
1145:
1116:
278:). The last town to gain market rights (
204:
123:
36:
20:
4165:
2423:
1766:Rustic Market (Nundinae Rusticorum) by
1570:, given its charter in the 13th century
1444:Holyhead market in Wales, woodcut, 1840
1328:were strongly associated with cheeses.
1320:became synonymous with a type of yarn;
1068:; these are known in English under the
1040:similar to a market town in the former
473:
4978:
3083:The Oxford History of Medieval England
2562:Courier Corp., 2012 p.567; Larsen,L.,
1958:Market at Aberystwith, sepia print by
1154:Archaeological evidence suggests that
548:granted the title of a market town to
4512:
4164:
3226:
3209:
3170:
3127:London, Hambledon & London, 2000
2852:"National Market Traders' Federation"
1914:A Fish Market in a Village Square by
1340:The Market Place, Ely, Cambridgeshire
170:in the Vale of Glamorgan. When local
69:, which allowed it to host a regular
3063:, Paul Brand, (Hambledon Press 1992)
3037:Yale University Press, 1998, pp 6-10
2959:
2925:
2042:A market scene in Constantinople by
1882:Flemish Market and Washing Place by
1112:
1064:had significant or even predominant
569:) is perpetuated through the law of
488:The medieval right to hold markets (
2496:
2412:Small Towns in Early Modern Europe,
1870:Market Scene by Jan van Horst, 1569
13:
3125:Everyday Life in Medieval England,
3089:
2645:Everyday Life in Medieval England,
2519:
2448:"The Medieval City of Esslingen,"
2347:Everyday Life in Medieval England,
1798:At the Market by Jonge Lange, 1584
1539:Market, established in around 1255
1410:National Market Traders Federation
14:
5032:
3210:
3145:
3024:Yale University Press, 1998, p.24
2671:Essays in Honor of J.W. Thompson.
2401:Yale University Press, 1998, p. 6
1854:Village Market with the Quack by
1599:were a common feature across the
1104:Market houses in Northern Ireland
238:
3977:Organized incorporated territory
2907:Institute of Historical Research
2576:
2158:
2146:
2130:
2114:
2098:
2082:
2070:
2051:
2035:
2019:
2014:by Elias Pieter Van Bommel, 1852
2003:
1983:
1967:
1951:
1935:
1923:
1907:
1891:
1875:
1863:
1847:
1835:
1826:Vegetable market in Holland, by
1819:
1803:
1791:
1775:
1759:
1743:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1663:
1575:
1559:
1544:
1529:
1513:
1498:
1483:
1464:
1449:
1437:
989:
973:
961:
949:
929:
917:
901:
885:
726:
710:
698:
646:
630:
614:
594:
446:
419:
392:
365:
338:
311:
4965:Slavic administrative divisions
3079:, (Yale University Press, 1990)
3027:
3014:
2988:
2970:
2953:
2919:
2891:
2866:
2844:
2828:
2815:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2731:
2714:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2617:
2599:
2569:
2552:
2539:
2513:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2442:
2417:
2404:
2391:
2378:
1566:Corner of the market square in
1174:, and the first laws towards a
73:; this distinguished it from a
4514:Non-English terms or loanwords
3718:Direct-controlled municipality
3085:, (ed.) Nigel Saul, (OUP 1997)
2743:amesfoundation.law.harvard.edu
2656:Borsay, P. and Proudfoot, L.,
2365:
2352:
2339:
2327:
2306:
2293:
2273:
2257:
2245:
2105:A Moonlit Vegetable Market by
1810:Peasants going to the market,
1092:List of market towns in London
1060:Empires. The vast majority of
1042:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
968:Market (illustration), c. 1927
753:monopoly on trade with Iceland
733:Heti vásár (weekly market) at
505:of the names of many towns in
276:this table at Danish Knowledge
1:
3843:Special administrative region
2766:Oxon, Routledge, 2014, p. 182
2472:The Making of Western Europe,
2384:Braudel, F. and Reynold, S.,
2371:Braudel, F. and Reynold, S.,
2265:Braudel, F. and Reynold, S.,
2238:
1459:Market Charters 1166 and 1189
980:Traditional Winter market at
658:
637:Market place, with fountain,
501:) is reflected in the prefix
357:
233:
132:
3743:Mountain resort municipality
3620:Intermediate school district
3603:Educational service district
3459:Regional county municipality
3061:The Making of the Common Law
2996:"Historic Towns of Scotland"
2948:SOURCE: 'Remarks on London'
2823:Canadian Journal of History,
2630:, no. 32, 2003, <Online:
1900:Jan Baptist van Meunincxhove
956:Norwegian Market, c. 1921-35
808:, the medieval market town (
96:Modern markets are often in
7:
5001:Local government in Germany
4996:Local government in England
4074:Autonomous territorial unit
2779:Vol 85, Spring, 2011, p. 28
2699:London, Routledge, pp 44-45
2611:Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia
2501:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
2174:
1898:Market Square in Bruges by
1606:
1304:became a centre for cloth,
1036:) was a historical type of
10:
5037:
5006:Local government in Norway
3955:National capital territory
3676:Indian reserve/reservation
3543:Indian government district
3197:Designations for types of
3053:; Editor: Leon Jesperson;
2966:. T. Norris, and H. Tracy.
1918:, n.d. (late 17th century)
1591:
1089:
1086:United Kingdom and Ireland
1009:
908:Market and customs house,
797:
742:
668:
477:
249:
242:
119:
49:, a market town in Germany
5011:Local government in Wales
4991:Government of South Tyrol
4945:Autonomous administration
4932:
4798:
4523:
4519:
4508:
4401:
4175:
4171:
4160:
4084:
4058:
4020:
3997:
3950:Federal capital territory
3935:
3895:
3830:
3798:
3763:
3698:
3675:
3647:
3563:Non-metropolitan district
3553:Local government district
3508:
3490:
3472:
3412:
3389:
3335:
3310:
3296:
3273:
3237:
3233:
3222:
3218:
3205:
2499:"Magyar néprajzi lexikon"
2139:Frederick Arthur Bridgman
1946:, first half 18th century
1886:, first half 17th century
1623:, and a Sunday market at
1096:List of markets in London
1005:
793:
768:
484:List of markets in Vienna
108:, sometimes centred on a
3755:Specialized municipality
3432:Consolidated city-county
2982:6 September 2018 at the
2790:Business History Review,
2777:Business History Review,
2673:Chicago, 1938, pp. 27–65
2137:North African market by
1768:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
525:in northern Germany, or
292:municipal reform of 1970
33:, an English market town
4117:Military exclusion zone
4095:Exclusive economic zone
3860:National capital region
3452:Non-metropolitan county
3199:administrative division
3097:Market Towns of England
3055:Odense University Press
2424:MacLean, Simon (2003).
2301:Business History Review
2251:Archaeology Wordsmith,
2091:Frances Elizabeth Wynne
1619:, a Saturday market at
1393:, is in the borough of
1384:Stroud, Gloucestershire
1364:Malmesbury Market Cross
1208:Edward I the "lawgiver"
198:is an example of this.
4134:Self-administered zone
3972:Incorporated territory
3839:Administrative region
3608:Local service district
3528:Congressional district
2960:Stow, William (1722).
2926:Stow, William (1722).
2854:. Rosiewinterton.co.uk
2834:Northampton Heritage,
2628:List and Index Society
2608:, an article from the
2386:The Wheels of Commerce
2030:by John J Walker, 1856
1976:Augustus Wall Callcott
1856:Cornelis Pietersz Bega
1428:. William Stow's 1722
1343:
1342:by W. W. Collins, 1908
1296:
1222:
1151:
1122:
942:Storfjord Municipality
717:Main market street in
498:
480:Market halls in Berlin
283:
259:
214:
209:Modern market hall in
136:
50:
34:
4105:Special economic zone
3789:Praetorian prefecture
3773:Autonomous prefecture
3733:Regional municipality
3723:District municipality
3558:Metropolitan district
3422:Administrative county
3404:Residential community
3250:Local government area
2878:The National Archives
2808:6 August 2019 at the
2458:27 March 2017 at the
2286:6 August 2019 at the
1715:In art and literature
1397:but is separate from
1338:
1284:
1220:
1190:, where it formed an
1149:
1120:
1090:Further information:
478:Further information:
208:
131:in a market, French,
127:
40:
24:
4696:Njësi administrative
3728:Neutral municipality
3667:Subdivision of India
3399:Autonomous community
3288:Metropolitan borough
3228:Common English terms
3111:English Market Towns
2905:University of London
2825:Vol. 31, No. 1, 1996
2217:Plantation of Ulster
2187:History of marketing
1422:UK National Archives
1180:Provisions of Oxford
944:, Troms county, 1917
474:German-language area
266:(part of modern-day
4339:Autonomous republic
4267:Enclave and exclave
4166:Other English terms
3962:Dependent territory
3808:Autonomous province
3738:Resort municipality
3713:County municipality
3500:Overseas department
3447:Metropolitan county
3260:Unincorporated area
3109:Chamberlin, E. R.,
2874:"Markets and Fairs"
2595:(in Russian). 1906.
2320:>: ; Davis, J.,
2165:Fair in Ukraine by
2125:, late 19th century
2107:Petrus van Schendel
1990:The Fish market in
1944:Alessandro Magnasco
1582:Farmers' market on
1391:Newport, Shropshire
1292:, a market town in
1261:was derived from a
1257: –
1210:, who summoned the
551:Esslingen am Neckar
284:købstadsprivilegier
41:The market square (
4955:Electoral district
4272:Federal dependency
4100:Free economic zone
3984:Overseas territory
3867:Development region
3750:Rural municipality
3683:Indian reservation
3575:Municipal district
3533:Electoral district
3373:Free imperial city
2720:Samantha Letters,
2333:Building History,
2121:A Market Scene by
1784:Joachim Beuckelaer
1554:, Chartered Market
1395:Telford and Wrekin
1344:
1297:
1223:
1152:
1123:
1066:Jewish populations
936:Norwegian market,
542:Carolingian Empire
302:on their historic
268:Schleswig-Holstein
215:
137:
51:
35:
4973:
4972:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4070:Territorial unit
3967:Federal territory
3945:Capital territory
3850:Autonomous region
3814:Overseas province
3708:City municipality
3599:Service district
3595:Sanitary district
3585:Regional district
3570:Military district
3427:Autonomous county
3360:Incorporated city
2564:History of Norway
2167:Vladimir Makovsky
2063:Cornelis Springer
1828:Sybrand van Beest
1812:Peter Paul Rubens
1601:island of Ireland
1430:Remarks on London
1231:Market Harborough
1113:England and Wales
1012:Przywilej targowy
896:, Norway, c. 1890
683:free royal cities
5028:
4561:Regierungsbezirk
4521:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4124:Free speech zone
4030:Charter township
3783:Super-prefecture
3627:Special district
3538:Federal district
3518:Capital district
3482:Overseas country
3355:Independent city
3326:Imperial capital
3265:Unorganized area
3235:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3073:The English Town
3038:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2998:. Archived from
2992:
2986:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2934:. Archived from
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2762:Nicholas, D.M.,
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2621:
2615:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2586:"Местечки"
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2558:Sturluson, S. ,
2556:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2520:Somfai, Attila.
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2497:Ortutay, Gyula.
2494:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2450:Neckar Magazine,
2446:
2440:
2439:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2162:
2150:
2134:
2118:
2102:
2086:
2074:
2055:
2039:
2026:A market day in
2023:
2007:
1996:Jan Weissenbruch
1987:
1971:
1955:
1939:
1927:
1911:
1895:
1879:
1867:
1851:
1839:
1823:
1807:
1795:
1779:
1763:
1750:Market Scene by
1747:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1667:
1579:
1563:
1548:
1533:
1517:
1508:chartered market
1502:
1493:chartered market
1487:
1468:
1453:
1441:
1360:Chichester Cross
1255:Chipping Sodbury
1212:Model Parliament
1160:England's oldest
1038:urban settlement
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
993:
977:
965:
953:
933:
921:
905:
889:
857:Hanseatic League
773:
772:
730:
714:
702:
663:
660:
650:
634:
618:
598:
515:Markt Berolzheim
493:
456:on the historic
450:
429:on the historic
423:
402:on the historic
396:
369:
359:
342:
315:
290:in 1958. At the
211:Frankfurt-Höchst
134:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5025:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4950:Census division
4920:
4794:
4515:
4488:
4439:Imperial Circle
4397:
4167:
4148:
4142:Free-trade zone
4080:
4054:
4045:Survey township
4016:
3993:
3989:Union territory
3931:
3926:Sovereign state
3891:
3882:Overseas region
3826:
3794:
3759:
3694:
3685:(United States)
3671:
3662:Police division
3657:Census division
3643:
3615:School district
3580:Police district
3504:
3486:
3468:
3408:
3385:
3380:Royal free city
3345:Autonomous city
3331:
3320:Federal capital
3306:
3292:
3269:
3229:
3214:
3201:
3195:
3148:
3092:
3090:Further reading
3057:; Denmark; 2000
3042:
3041:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
3002:on 21 June 2015
2994:
2993:
2989:
2984:Wayback Machine
2975:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2941:
2939:
2938:on 29 June 2012
2932:London Ancestor
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2816:
2810:Wayback Machine
2800:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2622:
2618:
2604:
2600:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2460:Wayback Machine
2447:
2443:
2436:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2294:
2288:Wayback Machine
2278:
2274:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2227:Town privileges
2177:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2075:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2044:Ivan Aivazovsky
2040:
2031:
2024:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1988:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1928:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1796:
1787:
1782:Fish Market by
1780:
1771:
1764:
1755:
1748:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1609:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1520:Market Square,
1518:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1479:
1478:erected in 1446
1469:
1460:
1454:
1445:
1442:
1418:South Yorkshire
1247:Chipping Norton
1243:Market Weighton
1115:
1110:
1088:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1010:Main articles:
1008:
1001:
994:
985:
978:
969:
966:
957:
954:
945:
934:
925:
922:
913:
906:
897:
890:
802:
796:
745:
738:
731:
722:
715:
706:
703:
691:Ottoman Hungary
671:
664:
661:
651:
642:
635:
626:
619:
610:
603:Invalidenstraße
599:
556:German town law
513:, for example,
489:
486:
476:
469:
451:
442:
424:
415:
397:
388:
370:
361:
343:
334:
316:
252:
247:
241:
236:
166:, for example,
122:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5034:
5024:
5023:
5021:Types of towns
5018:
5016:Retail markets
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4517:
4516:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4112:Exclusion zone
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:Economic zone
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4050:Urban township
4047:
4042:
4040:Paper township
4037:
4035:Civil township
4032:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3855:Capital region
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3821:Roman province
3817:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3689:Indian reserve
3686:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3639:Urban district
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3592:
3590:Rural district
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:County borough
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3146:External links
3144:
3143:
3142:
3121:
3107:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3040:
3039:
3026:
3013:
2987:
2969:
2952:
2918:
2890:
2865:
2843:
2836:Market Squares
2827:
2814:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2755:
2730:
2713:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2616:
2598:
2568:
2551:
2538:
2512:
2489:
2476:
2470:Fletcher, O.,
2463:
2441:
2434:
2416:
2403:
2390:
2377:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2326:
2305:
2292:
2272:
2256:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2123:Alberto Pasini
2120:
2113:
2111:
2109:, 19th century
2104:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2010:Market Day at
2009:
2002:
2000:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1960:Samuel Ireland
1957:
1950:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1884:Joos de Momper
1881:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1752:Pieter Aertsen
1749:
1742:
1721:Pieter Aertsen
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1662:
1608:
1605:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1412:, situated in
1372:Minchinhampton
1302:Blackwell Hall
1251:Chipping Ongar
1239:Market Deeping
1227:Market Drayton
1186:up-river from
1114:
1111:
1087:
1084:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1000:, Norway, 2010
995:
988:
986:
979:
972:
970:
967:
960:
958:
955:
948:
946:
935:
928:
926:
923:
916:
914:
912:, c. 1891-1910
907:
900:
898:
891:
884:
853:fortifications
849:customs duties
798:Main article:
795:
792:
744:
741:
740:
739:
732:
725:
723:
716:
709:
707:
704:
697:
670:
667:
666:
665:
653:Market place,
652:
645:
643:
636:
629:
627:
621:Market place,
620:
613:
611:
600:
593:
544:. Around 800,
475:
472:
471:
470:
452:
445:
443:
425:
418:
416:
398:
391:
389:
371:
364:
362:
344:
337:
335:
317:
310:
304:market squares
300:public markets
251:
248:
243:Main article:
240:
239:Czech Republic
237:
235:
232:
188:Sowerby Bridge
180:West Yorkshire
121:
118:
91:Market Drayton
83:Downham Market
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5033:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:Kommun/Kunta
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4507:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:Roman diocese
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Neighbourhood
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Alpine resort
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4159:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4066:Regional unit
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3915:Federal state
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Subprefecture
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Land district
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:City district
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:Imperial city
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:English terms
3208:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3140:1-85285-112-0
3137:
3134:
3133:1-85285-201-1
3130:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:0-2977-8528-1
3116:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:0-7153-6798-6
3102:
3098:
3095:Hogg, Garry,
3094:
3093:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:Mark Girouard
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3033:Honig, E.A.,
3030:
3023:
3020:Honig, E.A.,
3017:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2698:
2695:Ottaway, P.,
2692:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2548:
2542:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2437:
2435:0-521-81945-8
2431:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2397:Honig, E.A.,
2394:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:Letters, S.,
2309:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2061:, Antwerp by
2060:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:Market houses
1586:, Wales, 2008
1585:
1584:Monnow Bridge
1578:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:market square
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1017:
1013:
999:
992:
987:
983:
976:
971:
964:
959:
952:
947:
943:
939:
932:
927:
920:
915:
911:
904:
899:
895:
892:Fish market,
888:
883:
882:
881:
878:
876:
872:
868:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
801:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:
771:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
736:
729:
724:
720:
713:
708:
701:
696:
695:
694:
692:
686:
684:
679:
675:
656:
649:
644:
640:
633:
628:
624:
617:
612:
608:
604:
601:Market hall,
597:
592:
591:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:Marktgemeinde
559:
557:
553:
552:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
485:
481:
467:
463:
459:
458:market square
455:
454:Public market
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:market square
428:
427:Public market
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:market square
401:
400:Public market
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:market square
374:
368:
363:
355:
351:
347:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:market square
320:
314:
309:
308:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
246:
231:
227:
225:
219:
212:
207:
203:
199:
197:
193:
192:Hebden Bridge
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:railway lines
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
145:
143:
142:Domesday Book
130:
126:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:market square
99:
98:special halls
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
44:
39:
32:
28:
27:market square
23:
19:
4986:Market towns
4935:
4856:Maalaiskunta
4816:Heerlijkheid
4656:Län (Sweden)
4324:Protectorate
4319:Principality
4240:Constituency
4129:Neutral zone
4011:
3924:
3819:
3812:
3787:
3700:Municipality
3378:
3371:
3364:
3350:Charter city
3324:
3255:Special area
3245:Insular area
3124:
3110:
3096:
3082:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3050:
3045:Bibliography
3044:
3043:
3034:
3029:
3021:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:the original
2990:
2972:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2940:. Retrieved
2936:the original
2931:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2899:
2893:
2881:. Retrieved
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2846:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2721:
2716:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2601:
2590:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2549:, p. 231-246
2546:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2449:
2444:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2406:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2275:
2266:
2259:
2247:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1632:mercat cross
1629:
1610:
1595:
1472:Market cross
1429:
1425:
1407:
1388:
1352:market cross
1345:
1339:
1330:
1309:
1298:
1286:Market Cross
1276:town council
1267:
1258:
1235:Market Rasen
1224:
1184:River Thames
1175:
1153:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1044:. After the
1020:Miasteczko (
1019:
879:
870:
866:
861:
845:excise taxes
833:
824:
817:
813:
803:
787:
781:
759:
746:
687:
680:
676:
672:
585:province of
566:
562:
560:
549:
539:
530:
526:
522:
502:
487:
295:
253:
228:
220:
216:
200:
154:
146:
138:
129:Market cross
114:mercat cross
110:market cross
106:market place
95:
87:Market Rasen
67:market right
66:
54:
52:
42:
18:
4851:Landskommun
4743:Savivaldybė
4609:Switzerland
4604:South Tyrol
4484:Viceroyalty
4277:Governorate
4235:Condominium
4138:Trade zone
4012:Market town
4007:Census town
3905:Proto-state
3877:Microregion
3442:County town
3437:County seat
3304:Half-canton
2410:Clark, P.,
2358:Davis, J.,
2202:Market hall
2197:Marketplace
2059:Grote Markt
1916:Barent Gael
1726:meerseniers
1537:Northampton
1368:market hall
1310:Bristol red
1204:de Montfort
1196:Hallamshire
1172:Magna Carta
1168:Cirencester
1080:Miasteczkos
1062:miasteczkos
735:Nagykanizsa
662: 1895
657:, Austria,
655:Floridsdorf
587:South Tyrol
546:Charlemagne
519:Marktbergel
156:Framlingham
63:Middle Ages
55:market town
4980:Categories
4799:Historical
4763:Shahrestān
4706:Autonomous
4454:Presidency
4402:Historical
4371:Suzerainty
4354:Autonomous
4198:Autonomous
3920:Free state
3910:City-state
3872:Mesoregion
3765:Prefecture
3492:Department
2942:18 January
2643:Dyer, C.,
2606:"Местечко"
2345:Dyer, C.,
2239:References
2012:Zaltbommel
1992:Woudrichem
1942:Market by
1640:St Andrews
1568:Horncastle
1552:Altrincham
1522:Huntingdon
1457:Birmingham
1376:Nailsworth
1192:oxbow lake
1156:Colchester
1031:small town
1016:Miasteczko
788:kaupstaður
760:kaupstaður
581:, and the
535:Westphalia
499:Marktrecht
373:Market day
354:Copenhagen
346:Market day
319:Market day
234:By country
176:Calderdale
59:settlement
47:Wittenberg
43:Marktplatz
31:Shrewsbury
4840:Landskap
4836:Län/Lääni
4790:Vingtaine
4758:Seniūnija
4748:Selsoviet
4723:Poblacion
4660:Landskap
4590:Gemeinde
4581:Freguesia
4536:Apskritis
4459:Residency
4424:Exarchate
4366:Sultanate
4257:Eldership
4188:Bailiwick
3937:Territory
3887:Subregion
3632:in the US
3464:Viscounty
3391:Community
2858:3 January
2192:Marketing
2093:, c. 1866
1978:, c. 1834
1814:, c. 1602
1770:, 1555–56
1636:Inverurie
1491:Salisbury
1380:Painswick
1294:Wiltshire
1200:Henry III
1188:Runnymede
1176:parlement
910:Porsgrunn
875:smuggling
867:lossested
864:Norwegian
825:kaupstaðr
822:Old Norse
820:from the
810:Norwegian
764:Reykjavík
757:Icelandic
641:, Germany
625:, Germany
609:, Germany
577:state of
491:‹See Tfd›
462:Svendborg
408:Aakirkeby
350:Haymarket
333:, 1897-98
298:and hold
196:Todmorden
168:Cowbridge
4941:See also
4676:Maakunta
4671:Località
4616:Gemeente
4576:Frazione
4546:Barangay
4376:Townland
4314:Precinct
4299:Muftiate
4250:District
4210:Cadastre
4022:Township
3800:Province
3691:(Canada)
3649:Division
3510:District
2980:Archived
2806:Archived
2456:Archived
2284:Archived
2207:Merchant
2175:See also
1730:koopman,
1621:Arbroath
1613:Roxburgh
1607:Scotland
1506:Sedbergh
1476:Lambourn
1414:Barnsley
1358:are the
1259:chipping
1050:Austrian
998:Tønsberg
996:Market,
871:ladested
829:monopoly
818:kaupstad
814:kjøpstad
800:Kjøpstad
784:Ólafsvík
777:counties
639:Schmölln
527:Freiheit
412:Bornholm
4936:italics
4896:Satrapy
4881:Pargana
4806:Commote
4664:Finland
4644:Finland
4636:Kampong
4626:Hromada
4599:Germany
4594:Austria
4566:Comarca
4524:Current
4479:Tithing
4449:Monthon
4434:Hundred
4381:Village
4334:Regency
4329:Quarter
4262:Emirate
4230:Commune
4220:Circuit
4176:Current
3474:Country
3312:Capital
3275:Borough
3006:21 June
2531:27 July
2505:27 July
2212:Peddler
2182:Charter
1648:Wigtown
1644:Selkirk
1625:Brechin
1617:Glasgow
1592:Ireland
1403:borough
1399:Telford
1356:England
1322:Banbury
1318:Worsted
1306:Bristol
1290:Devizes
1271:monarch
1140:Farmers
1131:charter
1127:charter
1070:Yiddish
1058:Russian
1025:
938:Skibotn
770:Alþingi
749:Iceland
743:Iceland
719:Miskolc
669:Hungary
583:Italian
579:Bavaria
571:Austria
531:Wigbold
523:Flecken
511:Germany
507:Austria
439:Zealand
385:Zealand
375:on the
348:on the
331:Jutland
321:on the
296:købstad
260:købstad
250:Denmark
224:Antwerp
184:Halifax
160:Suffolk
149:castles
120:History
75:village
4911:Syssel
4901:Socken
4869:Greece
4844:Sweden
4831:Korale
4826:Köping
4821:Komunë
4785:Tehsil
4701:Oblast
4649:Sweden
4571:Comune
4556:Bezirk
4551:Bashki
4541:Bakhsh
4414:Barony
4409:Agency
4386:Summer
4349:Sector
4344:Riding
4309:Parish
4282:Hamlet
4225:Colony
4215:Circle
4193:Banner
3832:Region
3414:County
3298:Canton
3138:
3131:
3117:
3103:
2911:9 July
2883:9 July
2748:23 May
2581:
2526:sze.hu
2432:
2222:Retail
2169:, 1882
2141:, 1923
2065:, 1862
2046:, 1860
2028:Bangor
1998:, 1850
1962:, 1797
1902:, 1696
1858:, 1654
1830:, 1648
1786:, 1568
1754:, 1550
1654:, and
1378:, and
1314:Stroud
1253:, and
1178:. The
1106:, and
1075:shtetl
1054:German
1006:Poland
984:, 2001
894:Bergen
841:export
837:Import
806:Norway
794:Norway
747:While
737:, 1901
721:, 1884
607:Berlin
575:German
573:, the
495:German
468:, 2019
441:, 2015
414:, 2010
387:, 1915
288:Skjern
286:) was
280:Danish
270:) and
264:Hedeby
256:Danish
245:Městys
194:, and
71:market
4906:Subah
4891:Rreth
4886:Plasă
4876:Pagus
4864:Egypt
4860:Nome
4780:Sýsla
4773:China
4753:Sitio
4738:Raion
4728:Purok
4718:Ostān
4713:Okrug
4691:Mukim
4686:Muban
4681:Megye
4631:Județ
4621:Gmina
4474:Tenth
4444:March
4419:Burgh
4361:Shire
4292:Royal
4287:Manor
4245:Duchy
4205:Block
3897:State
1671:Kelso
1656:Cupar
1652:Kelso
1382:near
1326:Essex
1263:Saxon
1164:Roman
1072:term
982:Røros
623:Weeze
567:Markt
503:Markt
466:Funen
89:, or
57:is a
45:) of
4916:Zhou
4733:Qark
4469:Seat
4429:Hide
4393:Ward
4085:Zone
4059:Unit
3999:Town
3337:City
3238:Area
3136:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3101:ISBN
3008:2015
2944:2023
2913:2012
2885:2012
2860:2011
2812:>
2750:2022
2728:>
2724:<
2634:>
2533:2024
2507:2024
2430:ISBN
2316:<
2290:>
2232:Târg
1408:The
1324:and
1056:and
1022:lit.
1014:and
847:and
839:and
816:and
775:the
529:and
509:and
482:and
435:Køge
381:Sorø
360:1900
327:Ribe
272:Ribe
164:ford
135:1400
79:city
65:, a
25:The
4811:Gau
4768:Sum
4531:Amt
1994:by
1288:at
1158:is
940:in
869:or
804:In
565:or
533:in
517:or
464:on
460:in
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