623:
84:
27:
611:
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428:
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562:. It enclosed 3,402 hectares, including the village of Austerlitz, which was incorporated into Paris in 1818. Unlike previous walls, the goal of this wall was not to defend Paris, but to collect taxes and fees on behalf of the government which caused much resentment from the public. It was destroyed when the city limits were extended to the Thiers wall in 1860.
565:
This wall was later replaced by a second belt of boulevards: Charonne, MĂ©nilmontant, Belleville, La
Villette, La Chapelle, Clichy, Batignolles, Courcelles, avenue de Wagram and Iena, streets Benjamin Franklin and Alboni, boulevard de Grenelle, Garibaldi, Pasteur, Montparnasse, Edgar Quinet, Raspail,
449:(also known as Philip Augustus) and was completed by 1213, enclosing 253 hectares on both sides of the Seine. This new wall was 8 feet (2.4 m) thick in some places, protected by wide and deep ditches, and was fortified with as many as five hundred towers.
184:
until the 20th century, built primarily to defend the city but also for administrative reasons. Several successive city walls were built over the centuries, either adding to existing walls or replacing demolished ones, through 1846, when construction of the
460:. On the south side, the wall picked up at the Palais de la Tournelle, opened at the porte Saint-Victor, porte Bordet, porte Saint-Jacques, Porte Saint-Michel, porte des Corderliers, near the cour de la Commerce, the porte de Buci, and ended at the
397:
249:
As Paris rapidly expanded to become one of the largest cities in Europe, new walls were built to consolidate the existing city with new houses, gardens, and vegetable fields. Many historical walls were eventually destroyed (as in 1670, when
408:
411:. This confirmed the probable existence of an enclosure around the centre of Paris on the right bank around the 10th century. This wall was most likely built as a result of a Viking siege in 885 and was constructed by either
456:, approached the porte Saint-Honoré, opened at the porte Coquillière, reached the porte Saint-Denis, porte Mauconseil, porte Babette, came to rue Vielle-du-Temple, the rue des Francs-Bourgeois, to the porte Baudoyer and the
334:
tribe. The town lacked proper defenses and was therefore partially demolished at the beginning of the Roman occupation. The first wall of Paris was probably built by the Gauls on the River
372:
Lutetia developed on the left bank of the Seine during Roman times, and to a lesser extent on the Île de la Cité. The right bank was largely uninhabitable due to marshes. During the first
352:("This is a town of the Parisii, situated on an island on the river of the Seine"), indicating that Lutetia was a fortified camp on an island. The relationship between this island and the
402:
490:. The area enclosed on the left bank remained the same as with the Wall of Philippe Auguste, but the area enclosed on the right bank increased to include the mansions of the
419:. The fortification wall consisted of a ditch 3-metre (9.8 ft) deep and 12-metre (39 ft) wide coupled with a raised bank likely topped by a timber pallisade.
536:
believed that Paris had been made a secure city as a result of his conquests, and he therefore ordered the wall destroyed. Its route was later replaced with the
667:
622:
499:
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and built between 1633 and 1636. It enlarged the Wall of
Charles V over the western part of the right bank (now the First and Second Arrondissements).
286:
255:
221:
282:
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270:
survive to the present day. The walls' influence on modern Paris can still be seen on some of its major streets and boulevards, such as:
360:, the first Roman Emperor. Adding to the uncertainty is the 2003 discovery of the remains of a city on a site now occupied by
804:
723:
258:), and the paths formerly occupied by the walls were often repurposed into streets or boulevards. Only a few sections of the
380:
and destroying the bridges. The eastern half of the island was protected by a wall, constructed of rocks collected from the
848:
610:
580:
The Thiers wall was constructed from 1841 to 1846 after being proposed by prime minister and future
President of France
686:
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48:
41:
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132:
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to the roads leading to the abbey of Saint-Denis. A new wall was begun in 1190 on the order and funding of King
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464:. Many elements of the wall's structure were later incorporated into private buildings or into the subsequent
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The Wall of the
Farmers-General was built in the years between 1784 and 1791 under the direction of
267:
35:
498:. The new city limits totaled 439 hectares across the two banks. During the construction of the
52:
777:
Guy le Hallé, in « Paris aux cent villages », mensuel (mai 1975–janvier 1982) :
356:
has not been demonstrated, and excavations have not uncovered anything predating the reign of
687:"Site archéologique : Sur les traces de la première enceinte médiévale de Paris | Inrap"
555:
381:
263:
790:
457:
487:
8:
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502:, the Wall of Charles V was partly incorporated into the new wall and partly destroyed.
416:
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477:
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326:, the settlement that eventually became the city of Paris was known to the Romans as
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584:. It enclosed 7,802 hectares along the present-day Boulevards des Maréchaux and a
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Paris grew very quickly during the early Middle Ages and soon extended from the
313:(ring road or beltway), built beyond the loop of the Boulevards of the Marshals.
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in AD 285, the people of
Lutetia abandoned the left bank, taking refuge on the
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350:"Id est oppidum Parisiorum, quod positum est in insula fluminis Sequanae"
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772:
Histoire des fortifications de Paris et leur extension en ĂŽle-de-France
522:
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with the first boulevards and the remaining part of the Louis XIII Wall
482:
The Wall of
Charles V was built from 1356 to 1383, during the reign of
392:
Traces of an enclosure at the corner of the rue de l'Arbre-Sec and the
123:
604:
The poterne des
Peupliers, the only remaining trace of the Thiers wall
533:
491:
278:(main streets), built by replacing the Charles V and Louis XIII Walls
251:
302:, a loop encircling the city consisting of boulevards named for the
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Saint-Jacques, Auguste-Blanqui, Vincent Auriol, Bercy, and Picpus.
361:
357:
452:
The Wall of
Philippe Auguste ran from the current location of the
327:
585:
525:
Wall, also known as the "yellow ditches wall", was designed by
335:
289:(2nd Arrondissement), tracing the route of the Charles V Wall
177:
323:
801:
The history of "fortifications" (Thiers wall) Ă Saint-Ouen
398:
Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
87:
The city limits of Paris, from the 4th century to present
409:
National
Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research
668:
Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries
16:
Series of walls built around the city of Paris, France
644:
396:were discovered in 2009 during excavations made by
338:, although its exact location is unknown. In his
231:, extending on the western part of the right bank
815:
217:, extending on the right bank of the River Seine
543:
201:a Gaulish enclosure (precise location unknown)
292:the outer boulevards, built in place of the
167:
592:. It was demolished between 1919 and 1929.
422:
765:Dictionnaire historique des rues de Paris
743:. Great Britain: Black Swan. p. 133.
207:two medieval walls, one of which was the
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
509:
426:
82:
34:This article includes a list of general
816:
738:
387:
758:Sur les traces des enceintes de Paris
711:
588:extending to the location of today's
741:A Short History of Nearly Everything
471:
317:
20:
367:
13:
756:Renaud Gagneux et Denis Prouvost,
505:
306:, built to replace the Thiers wall
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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718:. Penguin Adult. pp. 53–54.
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322:Prior to the Roman occupation of
197:The city walls of Paris include:
647:
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609:
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25:
750:
732:
679:
616:The porte de Pantin about 1908
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341:Commentaries on the Gallic War
254:ordered the demolition of the
1:
712:Jones, Colin (6 April 2006).
673:
693:(in French). 25 January 2011
431:The Wall of Philippe Auguste
7:
640:
550:Wall of the Farmers-General
544:Wall of the Farmers-General
294:Wall of the Farmers-General
260:Wall of the Farmers-General
236:Wall of the Farmers-General
192:
10:
870:
849:Military history of France
715:Paris: Biography of a City
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558:and at the request of the
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486:and his son and successor
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437:Wall of Philip II Augustus
434:
300:Boulevards of the Marshals
209:Wall of Philip II Augustus
133:Wall of the Ferme générale
106:Wall of Philip II Augustus
774:, Éditions Horvath, 1995.
443:Montagne Sainte-Geneviève
98: First medieval wall
844:Urban planning in France
807:15 November 2008 at the
791:Paris walls (with a map)
268:Wall of Philippe Auguste
824:Fortifications of Paris
423:Wall of Philip Augustus
55:more precise citations.
590:Boulevard Périphérique
518:
432:
311:Boulevard Périphérique
168:
163:
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92: Gallo-Roman wall
739:Bryson, Bill (2004).
556:Claude Nicolas Ledoux
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430:
330:and inhabited by the
281:the parallel streets
264:Claude Nicolas Ledoux
86:
854:City walls in France
515:Map of Paris in 1705
407:(INRAP), the French
839:Paris-related lists
834:Boulevards in Paris
763:Jacques Hillairet,
760:, Parigramme, 2004.
663:City gates of Paris
447:Philip II of France
388:First medieval wall
374:barbarian invasions
156:city walls of Paris
829:Geography of Paris
532:From 1670 onward,
519:
500:Wall of Louis XIII
458:quai des CĂ©lestins
433:
417:Robert I of France
304:Marshals of France
238:, for tax purposes
204:a Gallo-Roman wall
180:, as it grew from
164:enceintes de Paris
152:
725:978-0-14-028292-4
538:grands boulevards
527:Jacques Lemercier
496:Templar enclosure
478:Wall of Charles V
472:Wall of Charles V
466:Wall of Charles V
318:Gaulish enclosure
276:Grands boulevards
215:Wall of Charles V
115:Wall of Charles V
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796:(in French)
788:(in French)
576:Thiers wall
570:Thiers Wall
401: [
243:Thiers wall
225: [
187:Thiers wall
149: Today
142:Thiers wall
53:introducing
818:Categories
697:17 January
674:References
634:Saint-Ouen
523:Louis XIII
488:Charles VI
266:) and the
174:city walls
124:Louis XIII
36:references
534:Louis XIV
484:Charles V
252:Louis XIV
61:June 2020
805:Archived
641:See also
494:and the
362:Nanterre
358:Augustus
193:Overview
348:wrote:
332:Parisii
328:Lutetia
49:improve
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586:glacis
492:Marais
160:French
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38:, but
691:Inrap
632:, in
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336:Seine
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178:Paris
720:ISBN
699:2018
628:The
521:The
324:Gaul
309:the
298:the
285:and
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