Cnut - Knowledge

1659: 1399: 1786:... I, as I wish to be made known to you, returning by the same route that I took out, am going to Denmark to arrange peace and a firm treaty, in the counsel of all the Danes, with those races and people who would have deprived us of life and rule if they could, but they could not, God destroying their strength. May he preserve us by his bounteous compassion in rule and honour and henceforth scatter and bring to nothing the power and might of all our enemies! And finally, when peace has been arranged with our surrounding peoples and all our kingdom here in the east has been properly ordered and pacified, so that we have no war to fear on any side or the hostility of individuals, I intend to come to England as early this summer as I can to attend to the equipping of a fleet. 1711:... I spoke with the Emperor himself and the Lord Pope and the princes there about the needs of all people of my entire realm, both English and Danes, that a juster law and securer peace might be granted to them on the road to Rome and that they should not be straitened by so many barriers along the road, and harassed by unjust tolls; and the Emperor agreed and likewise King Robert who governs most of these same toll gates. And all the magnates confirmed by edict that my people, both merchants, and the others who travel to make their devotions, might go to Rome and return without being afflicted by barriers and toll collectors, in firm peace and secure in a just law. 1227:, Cnut and Edmund, who had been wounded, met to negotiate terms of peace. It was agreed that all of England north of the Thames was to be the domain of the Danish prince, while all to the south was kept by the English king, along with London. Accession to the reign of the entire realm was set to pass to Cnut upon Edmund's death. Edmund died on 30 November, within weeks of the arrangement. Some sources claim Edmund was murdered, although the circumstances of his death are unknown. The West Saxons now accepted Cnut as king of all of England, and he was crowned by 6800: 7031: 3964: 1116: 2331: 2172:, was another conflict with Church teaching. In an effort to reconcile himself with his churchmen, Cnut repaired all the English churches and monasteries that were victims of Viking plunder and refilled their coffers. He also built new churches and was an earnest patron of monastic communities. His homeland of Denmark was a Christian nation on the rise, and the desire to enhance the religion was still fresh. As an example, the first stone church recorded to have been built in Scandinavia was in 989:

metal, menacing with golden face, ... who upon the bulls on the ships threatening death, their horns shining with gold, without feeling any fear for the king of such a force? Furthermore, in this great expedition, there was present no slave, no man freed from slavery, no low-born man, no man weakened by age; for all were noble, all strong with the might of mature age, all sufficiently fit for any type of fighting, all of such great fleetness, that they scorned the speed of horsemen.

2122: 851: 1736:. Hence, the solemn word of the Pope, the Emperor and Rudolph was given with the witness of four archbishops, twenty bishops, and "innumerable multitudes of dukes and nobles", suggesting it was before the ceremonies were completed. Cnut without doubt threw himself into his role with zest. His image as a just Christian king, statesman and diplomat and crusader against unjustness, seems rooted in reality, as well as one he sought to project. 1483: 1807: 1246: 3987:

therefore, not to rise on to my land, nor to presume to wet the clothing or limbs of your master." But the sea came up as usual, and disrespectfully drenched the king's feet and shins. So jumping back, the king cried, "Let all the world know that the power of kings is empty and worthless, and there is no king worthy of the name save Him by whose will heaven, earth and the sea obey eternal laws."

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come to us, and with God's help I have made it so that never henceforth shall hostility reach you from there as long as you support me rightly and my life lasts. Now I thank Almighty God for his help and his mercy, that I have settled the great dangers which were approaching us that we need fear no danger to us from there; but we may reckon on full help and deliverance if we need it.

842:. Cnut went to Harald and supposedly made the suggestion they might have a joint kingship, although this found no favour with his brother. Harald is thought to have offered Cnut command of his forces for another invasion of England, on the condition he did not continue to press his claim. In any case, Cnut succeeded in assembling a large fleet with which to launch another invasion. 44: 1630:, Cnut and his men fought the Norwegians and Swedes at the mouth of the river Helgeå, probably in 1026, and the apparent victory left Cnut as the dominant leader in Scandinavia. Ulf the usurper's realignment and participation in the battle did not, in the end, earn him Cnut's forgiveness. Some sources state that the brothers-in-law were playing 1447:

unknown if this was off the English or Danish shores. He himself mentions troubles in his 1019 letter (to England, from Denmark), written as the King of England and Denmark. These events can be seen, with plausibility, to be in connection with the death of Harald. Cnut says he dealt with dissenters to ensure Denmark was free to assist England:

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do right. And if he cannot, then it is my will that with the power of us both he shall destroy him in the land or drive him out of the land, whether he be of high or low rank. And it is my will that all the nation, ecclesiastical and lay, shall steadfastly observe Edgar's laws, which all men have chosen and sworn at Oxford.

2254:, of which its bishop wrote: "When we saw the gift that you sent us, we were amazed at your knowledge as well as your faith ... since you, whom we had heard to be a pagan prince, we now know to be not only a Christian, but also a most generous donor to God's churches and servants". He is known to have sent a 1442:, in 1018. This is not conclusive, though, for the entry may have been made in Harald's absence, perhaps by the hand of Cnut himself, which means that, while it is usually thought that Harald died in 1018, it is unsure whether he was still alive at this point. Entry of his brother's name in the Canterbury 2317:

Cnut's journey to Rome in 1027 is another sign of his dedication to the Christian religion. It may be that he went to attend the coronation of Conrad II in order to improve relations between the two powers, yet he had previously made a vow to seek the favour of St Peter, the keeper of the keys to the

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If anyone, ecclesiastic or layman, Dane or Englishman, is so presumptuous as to defy God's law and my royal authority or the secular laws, and he will not make amends and desist according to the direction of my bishops, I then pray, and also command, Earl Thurkil, if he can, to cause the evil-doer to

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King Cnut greets in friendship his archbishop and his diocesan bishops and Earl Thurkil and all his earls ... ecclesiastic and lay, in England ... I inform you that I will be a gracious lord and a faithfull observer of God's rights and just secular law. (He exhorts his ealdormen to assist the bishops

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in England 1035–37 (who went on to claim the English throne in 1037, reigning until his death in 1040). Eventual peace in Scandinavia left Harthacnut free to claim the throne himself in 1040 and to regain for his mother her place. He brought the crowns of Denmark and England together again until his

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zone for the Vikings of Dublin, with a political vacuum felt throughout the entire Western Maritime Zone of the North Atlantic Archipelago. Prominent among those who stood to fill the void was Cnut, "whose leadership of the Scandinavian world gave him a unique influence over the western colonies and

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may have been Cnut's attempt to make his vengeance for Harald's murder good with the Church. This may have been just a gesture for a soul to be under the protection of God. There is evidence Cnut was in battle with "pirates" in 1018, with his destruction of the crews of thirty ships, although it is

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here were there so many kinds of shields, that you could have believed that troops of all nations were present. ... Gold shone on the prows, silver also flashed on the variously shaped ships. ... For who could look upon the lions of the foe, terrible with the brightness of gold, who upon the men of

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Hardly anything is known for sure of Cnut's life until the year he was part of a Scandinavian force under his father, King Sweyn, in his invasion of England in summer 1013. Cnut was likely part of his father's 1003 and 1004 campaigns in England, although the evidence is not firm. The 1013 invasion

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translates to "Cnut protects the land as the Lord of all the splendid hall of the mountains ". Despite the Christian message, the poets also make use of traditional pagan references and this is particularly true of Hallvarðr. As an example, one of his half-stanzas translates to "The Freyr of the

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Since I did not spare my money, as long as hostility was threatening you, I with God's help have put an end to it. Then I was informed that greater danger was approaching us than we liked at all; and then I went myself with the men who accompanied me to Denmark, from where the greatest injury had

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praises Cnut, his king, as being "dear to the Emperor, close to Peter". In the days of Christendom, a king seen to be in favour with God could expect to be ruler over a happy kingdom. He was surely in a stronger position, not only with the Church and the people, but also in the alliance with his

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of Danes by the English, in 1002. If Cnut indeed accompanied this expedition, his birthdate may be near 990, or even 980. If not, and if the skald's poetic verse references another assault, such as Sweyn's conquest of England in 1013–14, it may even suggest a birth date nearer 1000. There is a

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When he was at the height of his ascendancy, he ordered his chair to be placed on the sea-shore as the tide was coming in. Then he said to the rising tide, "You are subject to me, as the land on which I am sitting is mine, and no one has resisted my overlordship with impunity. I command you,

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Cnut was generally remembered as a wise and successful king of England, although this view may in part be attributable to his good treatment of the Church, keeper of the historic record. Accordingly, he is considered, even today, as a religious man despite the fact that he was in an arguably

673:). But since Adam is the only source to equate the identity of Cnut's and Olof Skötkonung's mother, this is often seen as an error on Adam's part, and it is often assumed that Sweyn had two wives, the first being Cnut's mother, and the second being the former Queen of Sweden. Cnut's brother 2021:. The Leinster-Norse alliance was defeated, and both commanders, Sigurd and Máel Mórda, were killed. Brian, his son, his grandson, and the Mormaer Domhnall were slain as well. Sigtrygg's alliance was broken, although he was left alive, and the high-kingship of Ireland went back to the 2179:

It is difficult to ascertain whether Cnut's attitude towards the Church derived from deep religious devotion or was merely a means to reinforce his regime's hold on the people. There is evidence of respect for the pagan religion in his praise poetry, which he was happy enough for his

1142:, the traditional heartland of the English monarchy. Part of the Danish army besieged London, constructing dikes on the northern and southern flanks and a channel dug across the banks of the Thames to the south of the city, enabling their longships to cut off communications up-river. 1886:

was unable to put up a serious fight, both as his nobles had been bribed by Cnut and (according to Adam of Bremen) because he tended to apprehend their wives for sorcery. Cnut was crowned king, now of England, Denmark and Norway as well as part of Sweden. He entrusted the Earldom of

1381:, which had dominated the area at least since the early 10th century. They served as junior Earls of Bernicia under the titular authority of the Earl of Northumbria. By the 1030s Cnut's direct administration of Wessex had come to an end, with the establishment of an earldom under 1743:

went alongside the emperor in the imperial procession and stood shoulder-to-shoulder with him on the same pedestal. Cnut and the emperor, in accord with various sources, took to one another's company like brothers, for they were of a similar age. Conrad gave Cnut lands in the

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Knut was exceptionally tall and strong, and the handsomest of men, all except for his nose, that was thin, high-set, and rather hooked. He had a fair complexion and a fine, thick head of hair. His eyes were better than those of other men, being both more handsome and

1322:, thus dividing the country into four large administrative units whose geographical extent was based on the largest and most durable of the separate kingdoms that had preceded the unification of England. The officials responsible for these provinces were designated 1064:, while Edmund Ironside's attempts at opposition seem to have come to nothing – the chronicler says the English army disbanded because the king and the citizenry of London were not present. The mid-winter assault by Cnut devastated its way northwards across eastern 2234:

and the probable confirmation of its privileges. The monastery at Evesham, with its Abbot Ælfweard purportedly a relative of the king through Ælfgifu the Lady (probably Ælfgifu of Northampton, rather than Queen Emma, also known as Ælfgifu), got the relics of

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Cnut's brother Harald may have been at Cnut's coronation, in 1016, returning to Denmark as its king, with part of the fleet, at some point thereafter. It is only certain, though, that there was an entry of his name, alongside Cnut's, in confraternity with

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from the Danes. It was at some time after Erik left for England, and on the death of Svein while retreating to Sweden, maybe intent on returning to Norway with reinforcements, that Erik's son Hakon went to join his father and support Cnut in England, too.

436:. His later accession to the Danish throne in 1018 brought the crowns of England and Denmark together. Cnut sought to keep this power base by uniting Danes and English under cultural bonds of wealth and custom. After a decade of conflict with opponents in 929:. The invading army was composed primarily of mercenaries. The invasion force was to engage in often close and grisly warfare with the English for the next fourteen months. Practically all of the battles were fought against the eldest son of Æthelred, 1306:

amounting to the colossal sum of £72,000 levied nationwide, with an additional £10,500 extracted from London, Cnut paid off his army and sent most of them home. He retained 40 ships and their crews as a standing force in England. An annual tax called

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As Danish King of England, Cnut was quick to eliminate any prospective challenge from the survivors of the mighty Wessex dynasty. The first year of his reign was marked by the executions of a number of English noblemen whom he considered suspect.

1688:. On the return journey he wrote his letter of 1027, like his letter of 1019, informing his subjects in England of his intentions from abroad and proclaiming himself "king of all England and Denmark and the Norwegians and of some of the Swedes". 1922:. Hakon was meant to be Cnut's lieutenant in this strategic chain, and the final component was his installation as the king's deputy in Norway, after the expulsion of Olaf Haraldsson in 1028. Unfortunately, he was drowned in a shipwreck in the 1389:

family. In general, after initial reliance on his Scandinavian followers in the first years of his reign, Cnut allowed those Anglo-Saxon families of the existing English nobility who had earned his trust to assume rulership of his Earldoms.

1068:. Another summons of the army brought the Englishmen together, and they were met this time by the king, although "it came to nothing as so often before", and Æthelred returned to London with fears of betrayal. Edmund then went north to join 1854:

was held by Cnut; there were coins struck there that called him king, but there is no narrative record of his occupation. These coins are however usually regarded as copies of coins minted in Denmark. Coins stating that the Swedish king

1176:. Suffering heavy losses, he withdrew to Wessex to gather fresh troops, and the Danes again brought London under siege, but after another unsuccessful assault they withdrew into Kent under attack by the English, with a battle fought at 2041:

type – in issue c. 1017–25 – sporadically replacing the legend with one bearing his own name and styling him as ruler either "of Dublin" or "among the Irish" provides evidence of Cnut's influence. Further evidence is the entry of one

1212:. In the ensuing struggle, Eadric Streona, whose return to the English side had perhaps only been a ruse, withdrew his forces from the fray, bringing about a decisive English defeat. Edmund fled westwards, and Cnut pursued him into 1782:

southern rivals he was able to conclude his conflicts with his rivals in the north. His letter not only tells his countrymen of his achievements in Rome, but also of his ambitions within the Scandinavian world at his arrival home:

1752:– the land-bridge between the Scandinavian kingdoms and the continent – as a token of their treaty of friendship. Centuries of conflict in this area between the Danes and the Germans led to the construction of the 2239:. While some English approved of these policies, which his skalds called "destroying treasure", the burden of taxation was widely felt. His attitude towards London's see was clearly not benign. The monasteries at 1345:

This initial distribution of power was short-lived. The chronically treacherous Eadric was executed within a year of Cnut's accession. Mercia passed to one of the leading families of the region, probably first to

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for nearly two decades. The protection he lent against Viking raiders – many of them under his command – restored the prosperity that had been increasingly impaired since the resumption of Viking attacks in the

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may have had something to do with this. In this expedition, at least one of Cnut's Englishmen, Godwin, apparently won the king's trust after a night-time raid he personally led against a Wendish encampment.

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Cnut returned southward, and the Danish army evidently divided, some dealing with Edmund, who had broken out of London before Cnut's encirclement of the city was complete, and had gone to gather an army in

2322:. He also arranged that travellers from his realm not be straitened by unjust tolls and that they should be safeguarded on their way to and from Rome. Some evidence exists for a second journey in 1030. 1326:, a title of Scandinavian origin already in localised use in England, which now everywhere replaced that of ealdorman. Wessex was initially kept under Cnut's personal control, while Northumbria went to 1607:), was probably the target of Cnut's expedition. Successful, after this clear display of Cnut's intentions to dominate Scandinavian affairs, it seems that Thorkell reconciled with Cnut in 1023. 1377:, the northern part of Northumbria, was theoretically part of Erik and Siward's earldom, but throughout Cnut's reign it effectively remained under the control of the English dynasty based at 747:, there is a statement that Cnut was "of no great age" when he first went to war. It also mentions a battle identifiable with Sweyn Forkbeard's invasion of England and attack on the city of 3928:

Cnut's skalds emphasise the parallelism between Cnut's rule of his earthly kingdom and God's rule of Heaven. This is particularly apparent in their refrains. Thus the refrain of Þórarinn's

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Hakon, a member of a family with a long tradition of hostility towards the independent Norwegian kings, and a relative of Cnut's, was already in lordship over the Isles with the earldom of

807:, leaving Sweyn Forkbeard in possession of England. In the winter, Sweyn was in the process of consolidating his kingship, with Cnut left in charge of the fleet and the base of the army at 1510:. His campaigns abroad meant the tables of Viking supremacy were stacked in favour of the English, turning the prows of the longships towards Scandinavia. He reinstated the Laws of 3949:. References of this sort were avoided by poets composing for the contemporary kings of Norway but Cnut seems to have had a more relaxed attitude towards pagan literary allusions. 2211:

was probably given rights at the important port of Sandwich as well as tax exemption, with confirmation in the placement of their charters on the altar, while it got the relics of

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Cnut's actions as a conqueror and his ruthless treatment of the overthrown dynasty had made him uneasy with the Church. He was already a Christian before he was king – being named

8204: 834:. The restored king swiftly led an army against Cnut, who fled with his army to Denmark, along the way mutilating the hostages they had taken and abandoning them on the beach at 6503: 2222:

records Cnut as a benefactor of the monastery, and the Winchester Cross, with 500 marks of silver and 30 marks of gold, as well as relics of various saints was given to it.

507:, Cnut deemed himself "King of all England and Denmark and the Norwegians and of some of the Swedes" in a letter written for the benefit of his subjects. Medieval historian 542:, became the first in the official line (the "Old" in his name indicates this). Harald Bluetooth, Gorm's son and Cnut's grandfather, was the Danish king at the time of the 2192:. Yet he also displays the desire for a respectable Christian nationhood within Europe. In 1018, some sources suggest he was at Canterbury on the return of its Archbishop 1559:

Harald II died in 1018, and Cnut went to Denmark to affirm his succession to the Danish crown, stating his intention to avert attacks against England in a letter in 1019 (

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that mentions two attacks against Jomsborg's mercenaries while they were in England, with a man known as Henninge, a brother of Thorkell, among their casualties. If the

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This has become by far the best known story about Cnut, although in modern readings he is usually a wise man who knows from the start that he cannot control the waves.

8974: 4256: 4227: 1684:. He left his affairs in the north and went from Denmark to the coronation at Easter 1027, which would have been of considerable prestige for rulers of Europe in the 2196:

from Rome, to receive letters of exhortation from the Pope. If this chronology is correct, he probably went from Canterbury to the Witan at Oxford, with Archbishop

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among his domains. Nevertheless, it appears that Malcolm adhered to little of Cnut's power, and that influence over Scotland died out by the time of Cnut's death.

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having occurred in 1030. It was therefore at some point after this and the consolidation of Norway that Cnut went to Scotland with an army, and the navy in the

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In his 1027 letter, Cnut refers to himself as king of "the Norwegians, and of some of the Swedes" – his victory over Swedes suggests Helgeå to be the river in

1540:. He also strengthened the currency, initiating a series of coins of equal weight to those being used in Denmark and other parts of Scandinavia. He issued the 3627: 1707:

for superiority over the Danish dioceses. He also sought to improve the conditions for pilgrims, as well as merchants, on the road to Rome. In his own words:

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before she could become empress consort, Cnut's reign might well have been the foundation for a complete political union between England and Scandinavia, a

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whose control of their commercial arteries gave an economic edge to political domination". Coinage struck by the king in Dublin, Silkbeard, bearing Cnut's

2215:, at the displeasure of the people of London. Another see in the king's favour was Winchester, second only to the Canterbury see in terms of wealth. The 1100:, most likely with another force of Scandinavians, came to support Cnut at this point, and the veteran Norwegian jarl was put in charge of Northumbria. 665:, the Slavic princess who bore Cnut, has died. Different theories regarding the number and ancestry of Sweyn's wives (or wife) have been advanced (see 1695:

to repent for his sins, to pray for redemption and the security of his subjects, and to negotiate with the Pope for a reduction in the costs of the

1626:. Upon news of these events, Cnut set sail for Denmark to restore himself and to deal with Ulf, who then got back in line. In a battle known as the 921:

In the summer of 1015, Cnut's fleet set sail for England with a Danish army of perhaps 10,000 in 200 longships. Cnut was at the head of an array of

902:, and the rulers of Denmark, his in-laws. Swedes were certainly among the allies in the English conquest. Another in-law to the Danish royal house, 2053:

recounts that famous princes brought their heads to Cnut and bought peace. This verse mentions Olaf Haraldsson in the past tense, his death at the

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that in 1027 Cnut heard some Norwegians were discontented and sent them sums of gold and silver to gain their support for his claim to the throne.

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The First Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, Or, A Commentary Upon Littleton: Not the Name of the Author Only, But of the Law Itself

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Under his reign, Cnut brought together the English and Danish kingdoms, and the Scandinavic and Saxon peoples saw a period of dominance across

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and thus came from a line of Scandinavian rulers central to the unification of Denmark. Neither the place nor the date of his birth are known.

6943: 6014: 1004:, long ruled by the dynasty of Alfred and Æthelred, submitted to Cnut late in 1015, as it had to his father two years earlier. At this point 7579: 1587:, whom he had designated the heir of his kingdom. The banishment of Thorkell the Tall in 1021 may be seen in relation to the attack on the 2318:

heavenly kingdom. While in Rome, Cnut made an agreement with the Pope to reduce the fees paid by the English archbishops to receive their

6546: 5758:"Photo of a sign posted in Winchester Cathedral marking Cnut's mortuary chest, posted at the astoft.co.uk web site, retrieved 2009-07-25" 5956: 1618:

took advantage of Cnut's commitment to England and began to launch attacks against Denmark, Ulf gave the Danish freemen cause to accept

6107: 4142: 2113:(? king of the Irish) can also be linked to... Iehmarc, who submitted in 1031 could be relevant to Cnut's relations with the Irish". 9926: 9825: 8960: 1933:

Upon the death of Hakon, Olaf Haraldsson returned to Norway, with Swedes in his army. He died at the hands of his own people, at the

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His enemies in Scandinavia subdued, and apparently at his leisure, Cnut was able to accept an invitation to witness the accession in

1024:, with a pledge of allegiance to the English in 1012 – some explanation for this shift of allegiance may be found in a stanza of the 632: 9946: 9921: 9916: 9906: 2528: 2203:

His ecumenical gifts were widespread and often exuberant. Commonly held land was given, along with exemption from taxes as well as

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Cnut reinstituted the extant laws with a series of proclamations to assuage common grievances brought to his attention, including:

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of his bishops, though they still had to travel to obtain the pallium, as well as on the tolls his people had to pay on the way to

6660:. The Northern World. North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D.: Peoples, Economies and Cultures. Vol. 40. Leiden: Brill. 6477: 2109:

kingdoms. It "brings to mind Sweyn Forkbeard's putative activities in the Irish Sea and Adam of Bremen's story of his stay with a

7786: 3871:, composed verses in honour of Cnut which have survived in some form, while no such thing is apparent from the four other skalds 1658: 9901: 9891: 3510: 6665: 6596: 6540: 6497: 6451: 6318: 6136: 6101: 6050: 5981: 5950: 5083: 4877: 4630: 2418:. With the events of 1066 the new regime of Normandy was keen to signal its arrival with an ambitious programme of grandiose 1311:(army payment) was collected through the same system Æthelred had instituted in 1012 to reward Scandinavians in his service. 886:" to fetch their mother back to the Danish court. She had been sent away by their father after the death of the Swedish king 6457: 6324: 6237: 6056: 5089: 4883: 4636: 4499: 4250: 8983: 6776: 4221: 504: 2446:

soldiers scattered the bones of Cnut on the floor and they were spread amongst the various other chests, notably those of

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Townend, Matthew (2012). "(Introduction to) Sigvatr Þórðarson, Knútsdrápa.". In Whaley, Diana; Townend, Matthew (eds.).

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The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century

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The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century

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The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century

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Edmund was able to temporarily relieve London, driving the enemy away and defeating them after crossing the Thames at

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troops, likely to have been a pledge made to Cnut and his brother Harald when, in the winter, they "went amongst the

9080: 5826: 1895:, with Eiríkr Hákonarson probably dead by this time. Hakon was possibly the Earl of Northumbria after Erik as well. 9105: 7599: 7572: 3281: 3124: 1180:. At this point Eadric Streona went over to King Edmund, and Cnut set sail northwards across the Thames estuary to 655:

and other sagas also have Sweyn marrying Eric's widow, but she is distinctly another person in these texts, named

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bringing Sweden into alliance with Norway, there was cause for a demonstration of Danish strength in the Baltic.

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Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1

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death in 1042. Denmark fell into a period of disorder with a power struggle between the pretender to the throne

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On 18 October 1016, the Danes were engaged by Edmund's army as they retired towards their ships, leading to the

7181: 3879:(known from other works), Steinn Skaptason and Óðarkeptr (unknown). The principal works for Cnut are the three 1704: 484: 425:

from 1028 until his death in 1035. The three kingdoms united under Cnut's rule are referred to together as the

9936: 4165: 2026: 1850:– while the king of Sweden appears to have been made a renegade. It has been speculated that the Swedish city 9911: 9625: 9395: 9349: 2501: 2395: 1681: 1663: 1012:, deserted Æthelred together with 40 ships and their crews and joined forces with Cnut. Another defector was 488: 3932:

translates to "Cnut protects the land as the guardian of Byzantium Heaven" and the refrain of Hallvarðr's

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was the semi-legendary founder of the Danish royal house at the beginning of the 10th century, and his son,

9781: 8864: 8827: 7301: 6929: 2947: 2275: 1978: 1875: 1308: 822:(Sunday 3 February 1014), Harald succeeded him as King of Denmark, while the Vikings and the people of the 9037: 1036:

is correct that this man was Cnut's childhood mentor, it explains his acceptance of his allegiance – with

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immediately elected Cnut as king in England. However, the English nobility took a different view, and the

9951: 9931: 9805: 8589: 7565: 1366: 752: 503:). After his 1026 victory against Norway and Sweden, and on his way back from Rome where he attended the 8578: 9634: 9604: 8874: 8552: 8520: 7588: 7545: 7524: 4151: 3894: 3868: 3659: 3133: 1953:

in Norway, with heavy taxation, a rebellion, and the restoration of the former Norwegian dynasty under

808: 6791: 6772: 1993:, had sent out emissaries to all the Viking kingdoms to request assistance in their rebellion against 9664: 9649: 9225: 8869: 8664: 8609: 8217: 8043: 7483: 7450: 7177: 2066: 1740: 699: 471:, where Cnut, like his father before him, had a strong interest and wielded much influence among the 9465: 7708: 6307:

Olsen, Olaf (1992). "Christianity & Churches". In Else Roesdahl; David Mackenzie Wilson (eds.).

3912: 3886: 3856: 2906: 2464: 2371: 2165: 2050: 1942: 1778: 265: 9941: 9538: 9508: 9099: 9031: 8670: 8659: 8365: 8221: 8213: 8171: 8165: 8023: 8005: 7980: 7965: 7745: 7538: 7531: 7456: 7436: 7401: 7380: 7162: 6644: 6298:

Ní Mhaonaigh, Máire (2018). "Perception and Reality: Ireland c.980–1229". In Smith, Brendan (ed.).

3958: 1347: 1092:

meant Uhtred returned home to submit himself to Cnut, who seems to have sent a Northumbrian rival,

515: 202: 6583:; Neu übertragen und erläutert von Werner Trillmich. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 6008: 3937:

noise of weapons has also cast under him Norway; the battle-server diminishes the hunger of the

2212: 2009:, was offered command of all the Norse forces, while the High King had sought assistance from the 1863:. Cnut also stated his intention of proceeding to Denmark to secure peace between the kingdoms of 1798:

Cnut was to return to Denmark from Rome, arrange for its security, and afterward sail to England.

9427: 9343: 8639: 8634: 8619: 8594: 8159: 8010: 7995: 7990: 7975: 7970: 7927: 7478: 7443: 7422: 7415: 7394: 7387: 7366: 7186: 6978: 6952: 3652: 2415: 2223: 2216: 2188:, while other Viking leaders were insistent on the rigid observation of the Christian line, like 2138: 2070: 1729: 1355: 1259: 636:

is unique in equating Cnut's mother (for whom he also produces no name) with the former queen of

236: 51: 26: 9290: 9022: 8301: 3237: 2927: 1575:

His hold on the Danish throne presumably stable, Cnut was back in England in 1020. He appointed

1276: 918:, in 999. Eiríkr's participation in the invasion left his son Hakon to rule Norway, with Sweyn. 871: 800: 627: 9747: 8818: 8703: 8649: 8624: 8599: 8584: 8456: 8291: 8000: 7985: 7960: 7917: 7905: 7672: 7488: 7429: 7408: 7373: 7352: 7317: 7196: 7143: 7110: 4195: 3908: 3876: 3864: 3244: 2438:

site and the previous burials, including Cnut's, were set in mortuary chests there. During the

2267: 2062: 1499:

relationship, with two wives, and the harsh treatment he dealt his fellow Christian opponents.

1382: 1362: 1327: 1097: 1089: 978: 943: 903: 730: 565: 460: 9010: 8761: 7467: 6530: 4223:

The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671–1754): With a Supplementary Chapter, 1755–1917

3872: 2390:

If the sons of Cnut had not died within a decade of his death, and if his only known daughter

9598: 9243: 9237: 8808: 8718: 8698: 8629: 8567: 8557: 8547: 8426: 8421: 8394: 8355: 8350: 7922: 7895: 7359: 7255: 7157: 7133: 5940: 5720: 3290: 2793: 2447: 1699:

for English archbishops, and for a resolution to the competition between the archdioceses of

1299: 1026: 949: 859: 560: 9133: 8513: 8265: 6960: 6091: 4139: 318: 9886: 9881: 9550: 9520: 9502: 9439: 9403: 9389: 8786: 8733: 8723: 8713: 8686: 8604: 8527: 8461: 8416: 8406: 8400: 8389: 8383: 8333: 7807: 7780: 7138: 7125: 7095: 7003: 6850: 4997: 3490: 2669: 2431: 2208: 2197: 2054: 1998: 1934: 1603:, the legendary stronghold of the Jomsvikings (thought to be on an island off the coast of 1545: 1439: 760:

is known) with a reference to the force Cnut led in his English conquest of 1015–16. Here (

674: 578: 433: 243: 126: 43: 2014: 1088:

in western Mercia, possibly targeting the estates of Eadric Streona. Cnut's occupation of

456:

influence over Scotland was weak and ultimately did not last by the time of Cnut's death.

8: 9556: 9544: 9526: 9514: 9337: 8813: 8766: 8708: 8644: 8441: 8431: 8411: 8377: 8182: 7755: 7750: 7725: 7129: 7120: 7085: 6167: 3975: 3813: 3297: 3101: 2678: 2662: 2497: 2454:, the bones were collected and replaced in their chests, although somewhat out of order. 2391: 2384: 2240: 1733: 1580: 1410: 1162: 1073: 958: 887: 641: 574: 303: 9477: 9199: 9187: 6799: 6707:

Mack, Katharine (1984). "Changing Thegns: Cnut's Conquest and the English Aristocracy".

6072:

Frank, R. (1999), "King Cnut in the verse of his skalds", in Alexander R. Rumble (ed.),

1627: 722:. His date of birth, like his mother's name, is unknown. Contemporary works such as the 570: 338: 9855: 9815: 9639: 9610: 9483: 9459: 9379: 9266: 9181: 8850: 8488: 8436: 8360: 7940: 7861: 7797: 7735: 7730: 7332: 7270: 7226: 7172: 7152: 7147: 7115: 7070: 6913: 6724: 6171: 4189: 4044: 3820: 3635: 3631: 2954: 2773: 2451: 1986: 1970: 1899: 1749: 1678: 1647: 1563:). It seems there were Danes in opposition to him, and an attack he carried out on the 1511: 1254: 1197: 1158: 1093: 898:. This wedlock formed a strong alliance between the successor to the throne of Sweden, 891: 666: 657: 383: 222: 7210: 6893: 6371: 3921: 3110: 2934: 1856: 1592: 1544:

known now as I Cnut and II Cnut, though these seem primarily to have been produced by

1280: 953:, early in September 1015 " came into Sandwich, and straightway sailed around Kent to 899: 645: 9775: 9698: 9658: 9415: 9409: 9296: 9260: 9231: 9193: 9016: 8483: 8296: 8086: 7900: 7841: 7813: 7765: 7684: 7654: 7286: 7167: 7105: 7100: 6877: 6671: 6661: 6611: 6592: 6567: 6536: 6493: 6447: 6427: 6424:

The Lives of the Norse Kings. English translation by Erling Monsen & A. H. Smith.

6405: 6399: 6375: 6345: 6314: 6284: 6227: 6177: 6132: 6097: 6077: 6046: 5977: 5946: 5079: 5016: 4873: 4626: 4489: 4108: 3623: 2439: 2189: 1990: 1883: 1868: 1745: 1611: 1541: 1426: 1335: 1292: 1013: 915: 695: 670: 596: 480: 342: 280: 161: 8344: 3497: 769: 626:, this is reconcilable with the assumption that her father was Mieszko (not his son 9850: 9704: 9592: 9586: 9445: 9421: 9049: 9043: 8952: 8801: 8791: 8681: 8654: 8506: 8338: 8258: 8251: 8081: 7830: 7802: 7678: 7648: 7642: 7039: 6990: 6716: 6695: 6485: 6473: 6367: 6364:

English Law Before Magna Carta: Felix Liebermann and "Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen"

6259: 6200: 6004: 5349: 4052: 4000: 3474: 3467: 3274: 2920: 2655: 2486: 2427: 2403: 2355: 2295: 2161: 2126: 2002: 1811: 1422: 1288: 974: 911: 592: 582: 531: 453: 426: 356: 270: 7819: 6518: 6271: 6212: 3890: 3860: 2094: 2061:, in 1031, to receive, without bloodshed, the submission of three Scottish kings: 744: 9830: 9729: 9532: 9361: 9331: 9217: 9150: 8796: 8541: 8371: 8323: 8313: 8307: 7851: 7775: 7740: 7720: 7715: 7696: 7666: 7660: 7637: 7627: 7055: 6997: 6857: 6840: 6830: 6816: 6683: 6441: 6308: 6221: 6040: 6000: 5073: 4867: 4620: 4483: 4146: 4030: 3963: 3881: 3619: 3483: 3460: 3117: 3092: 2766: 2586: 2475: 2375: 2351: 2314:. It is likely that Cnut's gifts were well beyond historian's current knowledge. 2185: 2145: 2102: 1958: 1937:

in 1030. Cnut's subsequent attempt to rule Norway without the key support of the

1892: 1888: 1773: 1583:, as regent of Denmark, further entrusting him with his young son by Queen Emma, 1284: 1213: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1069: 1021: 930: 527: 472: 418: 414: 328: 293: 171: 108: 101: 91: 63: 7030: 6766: 4996:

Museum, The British; Street, Great Russell; T: +4420 73238618, London WC1B 3DG.

4207: 1249:

Cnut in the late thirteenth century Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings.

1032: 686: 9840: 9810: 9355: 9156: 9093: 9004: 8894: 8781: 8738: 8692: 8477: 7702: 6902: 6884: 6699: 6366:. Medieval Law and Its Practice. Vol. 8. Leiden: Brill. pp. 137–156. 6090:

Graham-Campbell, James; Hall, Richard; Jesch, Judith; Parsons, David N (2016).

5245:

Graslund, B.,'Knut den store och sveariket: Slaget vid Helgea i ny belysning',

3085: 2469: 2006: 1946: 1927: 1923: 1339: 1217: 1154: 1009: 1005: 875: 835: 422: 288: 181: 143: 9471: 6263: 6204: 2330: 1739:

A good illustration of his status within Europe is the fact that Cnut and the

9876: 9870: 9820: 9715: 9175: 7911: 7632: 6675: 6526: 6489: 6146: 2283: 2074: 2022: 1938: 1919: 1507: 1130: 1077: 879: 799:, the kingdom fell to the Vikings quickly, and near the end of the year King 508: 464: 5029: 2354:, Harthacnut was "forsaken because he was too long in Denmark". His mother 1918:, and were central to Cnut's ambitions for dominance of Scandinavia and the 1266:, too. Under his rule, England did not experience serious external attacks. 1262:. In turn, the English helped him to establish control over the majority of 878:(later crowned king) and a relative to the Danish royal house. He lent some 8919: 8676: 8076: 7875: 7760: 7498: 6984: 6190: 5894: 5757: 4005: 2555: 2435: 2263: 2259: 2097:

greets the ruler of the Danes, Irish, English and Island-dwellers – use of

1576: 1185: 1061: 1057: 907: 895: 812: 587: 547: 539: 535: 9055: 8271: 3851: 2121: 2086: 1622:, still a child, as king. This ruse resulted in Ulf ruling the kingdom as 479:

and the continental Diocese of Denmark – with a claim laid upon it by the

432:

As a Danish prince, Cnut won the throne of England in 1016 in the wake of

9735: 9433: 9164: 8924: 8909: 8494: 7493: 5837: 4661:, Dent Dutton, 1972 & 1975, Peterborough (E) text, s.a. 1015, p. 146. 3855:

lists eight skalds who were active at Cnut's court. Four of them, namely

2387:, son of Ulf, and the Norwegian king, until the death of Magnus in 1047. 2339: 2307: 2244: 2018: 1864: 1843: 1685: 1646:

killed the jarl with his blessing, in Trinity Church, the predecessor to

1615: 1596: 1524: 1503: 1331: 1298:

In July 1017, Cnut wed Queen Emma, the widow of Æthelred and daughter of

1263: 1104: 1037: 1017: 926: 827: 711: 492: 437: 214: 4485:

Swein Forkbeard's Invasions and the Danish Conquest of England, 991–1017

9138: 8899: 8889: 8879: 8466: 8328: 8129: 8091: 7503: 7090: 7015: 6867: 6728: 4010: 3251: 2491: 2347: 2134: 2130: 2038: 2010: 1994: 1954: 1823: 1761: 1700: 1619: 1584: 1452:

in the maintenance of) God's rights ... and the benefit of the people.

1406: 1146: 1081: 445: 298: 247: 136: 78: 6921: 2370:, under pressure from supporters of Cnut's other son, after Svein, by 2250:

Other gifts were also given to his neighbours. Among these was one to

795:

raids spread over a number of decades. Following their landing in the

764:) it says all the Vikings were of "mature age" under Cnut "the king". 9835: 8914: 8884: 8471: 8446: 7856: 7836: 7824: 7792: 7770: 7557: 3974:

This story of Cnut resisting the incoming tide was first recorded by

3911:. Cnut also features in two other contemporary skaldic poems, namely 2443: 2419: 2359: 2279: 2058: 2033: 1973:

pitted an array of armies laid out on the fields before the walls of

1903: 1879: 1765: 1753: 1667: 1643: 1639: 1604: 1568: 1528: 1402: 1319: 1224: 1201: 1173: 1166: 1107:, and was elected king after the death of Æthelred on 23 April 1016. 966: 855: 819: 719: 441: 8572: 6738:

Anglo-Danish Empire: A Companion to the Reign of King Cnut the Great

6720: 5412: 5313: 850: 9278: 8904: 8845: 8451: 8276: 8139: 8096: 7846: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 3938: 2367: 2350:, reigning as Cnut III, although with a war in Scandinavia against 2287: 2251: 2173: 2078: 1982: 1907: 1819: 1691:

Consistent with his role as a Christian king, Cnut says he went to

1635: 1600: 1482: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1303: 1169:, which was fought over two days but left neither side victorious. 1150: 1085: 1041: 973:", beginning a campaign of an intensity not seen since the days of 970: 831: 804: 707: 601: 449: 394: 3941:'s hawks ." The skald here refers to Cnut as "Freyr of battle", a 2282:. This golden book was apparently to support Aquitanian claims of 1969:

In 1014, while Cnut was preparing his re-invasion of England, the

1831: 1551:

In his royal court, there were both Englishmen and Scandinavians.

9692: 9578: 9494: 9284: 9169: 8822: 8728: 6193:(8 October 2009). "Æthelred II (c. 966–1016), king of England". 4903: 4901: 3942: 3140: 2319: 2303: 2291: 2271: 2255: 2236: 2231: 1860: 1851: 1839: 1696: 1515: 1045: 922: 823: 792: 748: 691: 496: 476: 468: 313: 6749:. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester UP. 5362: 4840: 4295: 4121: 2077:

chieftain and the ruler of a sea-kingdom of the Irish Sea, with

9741: 9723: 9061: 8614: 8562: 8286: 8281: 8134: 8109: 7591: 6391:

När Sverige blev Sverige (Occasional papers on medieval topics)

6310:

From Viking to Crusader: The Scandinavians and Europe, 800–1200

6089: 5337: 5035: 2786: 2685: 2423: 2379: 2363: 2343: 2227: 2169: 1974: 1915: 1911: 1847: 1757: 1623: 1535: 1430: 1386: 1351: 1205: 1177: 1139: 1065: 1001: 962: 954: 818:

On the death of Sweyn Forkbeard after a few months as king, on

796: 637: 595:, also give a Polish princess as Cnut's mother, whom they call 218: 6754:

Scandinavica, An International Journal of Scandinavian Studies

5726: 4898: 4828: 1245: 463:

an important link to the maritime zone between the islands of

8534: 6782:

Canute (Knud) The Great – From Viking warrior to English king

6756:, (2018) Vol. 57, No 1, issue on "Remembering Cnut the Great" 3946: 3846: 2579: 2562: 2399: 2311: 2204: 2106: 2091: 1806: 1631: 1595:

in 1022, and the succession to the Swedish throne of his son

1588: 1564: 1443: 1315: 1209: 1181: 883: 741: 715: 694:

source that says he was taught his soldiery by the chieftain

607: 511:

called him "the most effective king in Anglo-Saxon history".

495:(gaining notable concessions such as one on the price of the 371: 6362:?". In Stefan Jurasinski; Lisi Oliver; Andrew Rabin (eds.). 6039:

Forte, Angelo; Oram, Richard D.; Pedersen, Frederik (2005).

4913: 1044:. The 40 ships Eadric came with, often thought to be of the 767:

A description of Cnut appears in the 13th century Icelandic

9272: 6736:

North, Richard; Goeres, Erin; Finlay, Alison, eds. (2022).

5325: 5053: 2358:, previously resident at Winchester with some of her son's 1827: 1692: 1674: 1358:. In 1021, Thorkel also fell from favour and was outlawed. 1323: 839: 703: 615: 500: 362: 20: 8212: 6478:"Ælfgifu [Ælfgifu of Northampton] (fl. 1006–1036)" 5041: 546:; he became one of the first Scandinavian kings to accept 368: 9378: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5565: 5141: 4995: 4869:

The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century

4677: 1728:"Robert" in Cnut's text is probably a clerical error for 1496: 1103:

Prince Edmund remained in London, still unsubdued behind

487:– was a source of great prestige and leverage within the 6787:

Vikingworld (Danish) – Canute the Great (Knud den Store)

5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5429: 5427: 4379:, Book II, ch. 37; see also Book II, ch. 33, Scholion 25 1930:

and the mainland coast) either late 1029 or early 1030.

1902:, possibly from 1016 to 1017. The sea-lanes through the 914:– Norway having been under Danish sovereignty since the 514:

He is popularly invoked in the context of the legend of

5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5555: 5553: 5464: 5276: 5252: 5227: 5129: 4954: 4952: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4271: 1638:

when an argument arose between them, and the next day,

9846:

Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom

6747:

The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway

6074:

The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway

5855: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5738: 5687: 5675: 5658: 5646: 5621: 5400: 5117: 4816: 1818:

1030. (Note that the Norwegian (now Swedish) lands of

1314:

Cnut built on the existing English trend for multiple

6623: 6131:(in Latin and English). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 5776: 5589: 5577: 5501: 5424: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5188: 5186: 5171: 5160: 5158: 5156: 4937: 4706: 4424: 2069:

and Iehmarc. One of these kings, Iehmarc, may be one

1220:, for Edmund had an alliance with some of the Welsh. 359: 8982: 5550: 5538: 5264: 4977: 4949: 4925: 4718: 4695: 4693: 4582: 4557: 4514: 4307: 2274:, and a book written in gold, among other gifts, to 2176:, c. 1027, and its patron was Cnut's sister Estrid. 1964: 1801: 1771:

Cnut's visit to Rome was a triumph. In the verse of

1486:

Silver penny of Cnut the Great dating to the period

1291:

went under the protection of their relatives in the

862:), in memory of a Viking known as Alli, says he won 374: 5788: 4444:

Knytlinga saga: the history of the kings of Denmark

1283:fled from England but was killed on Cnut's orders. 434:

centuries of Viking activity in northwestern Europe

365: 6440:Somerville, Angus A.; McDonald, R. Andrew (2014). 6439: 5476: 5288: 5211: 5183: 5153: 4399: 4127: 3952: 1518:, and for the activity of Scandinavians at large. 684:Some hint of Cnut's childhood can be found in the 6735: 6404:(1st ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 6358:Richards, Mary P. (2010). "I-II Cnut: Wulfstan's 6176:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 6038: 5942:King Cnut and the Viking Conquest of England 1016 5513: 5418: 5368: 5319: 4853: 4690: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4301: 2290:. Of some consequence, its recipient was an avid 677:was the younger of the two brothers according to 16:11th-century King of Denmark, Norway, and England 9868: 6417: 4674:, Camden 3rd Series vol. LXXII, 1949, pp. 19–21. 1184:, and went from the landing of the ships up the 6769:at the official website of the British monarchy 6426:, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 5439: 1216:, with another battle probably fought near the 756:passage of the Encomiast (as the author of the 5928:History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. 5921: 5488: 4998:"Record ID: LEIC-3E8CC4 – EARLY MEDIEVAL coin" 4539: 2398:eight months after his death, had not died in 2168:, who was kept in the south with an estate in 1354:under Æthelred, but certainly soon to his son 1287:sons likewise fled abroad. Æthelred's sons by 1020:who had fought against the Viking invasion of 947:manuscript, one of the major witnesses of the 8968: 8198: 7573: 6937: 6401:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings 5924:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontifificum, 4442:Edwards, Paul and Pálsson, Hermann (trans.), 2529: 1269: 25:"Canute" redirects here. For other uses, see 6968: 6297: 6258:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6199:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 5999: 5834:The official website of The British Monarchy 5343: 5047: 4811:Æthelred the Unready the Ill-Counselled King 4377:History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen 4288: 4286: 4038: 2200:of York in attendance, to record the event. 2116: 1949:, was not a success. The period is known as 1859:was King of England have also been found in 1191: 910:and the co-ruler of Norway with his brother 8765:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 5021:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4813:, Hambledon & London, 2003, pp. 146–47. 4470:The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings 4219: 2032:There was a brief period of freedom in the 8975: 8961: 8942:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 8205: 8191: 7580: 7566: 6944: 6930: 6798: 6278: 5331: 2536: 2522: 2406:with blood ties to the Holy Roman Empire. 2247:were apparently not on good terms either. 42: 9826:List of English words of Old Norse origin 8123: 6344:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 6252:Lawson, M. K. (2013). "Cnut (d. 1035)". 5976:. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press. 4865: 4488:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 67. 4283: 2457: 2160:was not at all complete. His marriage to 1051: 633:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 8070: 8037: 7954: 7889: 7523:indicates Danish monarchs who were also 7309: 7278: 7247: 7218: 7078: 7047: 6472: 6443:The Viking Age: A Reader, Second Edition 6357: 6339: 6302:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6281:The Battle of Clontarf: Good Friday 1014 6145: 6122: 5990: 5938: 5900: 5782: 5258: 5123: 5059: 4446:, Odense University Press (1986), p. 43. 3962: 2329: 2164:, even though he was already married to 2129:(Ælfgifu) present a large gold cross to 2120: 2049:In one of his verses, Cnut's court poet 1805: 1657: 1560: 1481: 1397: 1369:, whose grandmother, Estrid (married to 1365:was succeeded as Earl of Northumbria by 1244: 1114: 849: 761: 7620: 6951: 6792:Portraits of Canute or Cnut 'the Great' 6686:(1992). "Cnut and the Scottish Kings". 6591:. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 651–663. 6586: 6561: 6525: 6482:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6255:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6196:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5406: 4872:. Oxford University Press. p. 35. 4822: 4098: 4096: 2334:14th century portrait of Cnut the Great 2325: 1056:Early in 1016, the Vikings crossed the 714:, at their stronghold on the island of 9869: 7587: 6744: 6682: 6655: 6643: 6506:from the original on 11 September 2021 6397: 6388: 6251: 6219: 6189: 6157: 6076:, London: Leicester University Press, 5971: 5904: 5861: 5827:"Kings of Wessex and England 802–1066" 5744: 5732: 5693: 5681: 5669: 5652: 5627: 5602: 5583: 5571: 5559: 5544: 5507: 5482: 5470: 5433: 5294: 5282: 5270: 5233: 5205: 5177: 5147: 5135: 5071: 4983: 4958: 4943: 4931: 4919: 4834: 4733: 4712: 4618: 4593: 4576: 4481: 4475: 4430: 4320: 4248: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 2409: 1393: 1338:, and Mercia remained in the hands of 1318:to be grouped together under a single 1119:Medieval illumination depicting Kings 1096:, to massacre Uhtred and his retinue. 845: 440:, Cnut claimed the crown of Norway in 393: 8956: 8186: 7561: 6925: 6306: 6166: 6071: 6029: 5519: 4657:Garmonsway, G.N. (ed. & trans.), 4520: 3819: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3658: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3459: 3401: 3399: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3331: 3296: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3236: 3224: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3139: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3024: 3022: 3012: 3000: 2998: 2984: 2982: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2772: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2585: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2554: 734:, do not mention this. Even so, in a 521: 6777:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 6706: 6628:English translation by R.A.B. Mynors 6605: 5712: 4405: 4277: 4259:from the original on 19 January 2023 4230:from the original on 19 January 2023 4102: 2494:, King of Denmark and England ; 1882:, with a fleet of fifty ships. King 1720: 1469: 984:provides a picture of Cnut's fleet: 957:, until he came to the mouth of the 936: 569:report Cnut's mother as having been 526:Cnut was a son of the Danish prince 505:coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor 5930:English translation by F. J. Tschan 4334:The Civilisation of the Middle Ages 4073: 2394:, who was to marry Conrad II's son 2286:, patron saint of Aquitaine, as an 1876:Cnut set off from England to Norway 1732:, the last ruler of an independent 1514:to allow for the constitution of a 530:, who was the son and heir to King 405:– 12 November 1035), also known as 13: 6745:Rumble, Alexander R., ed. (1994). 6637: 6549:from the original on 14 April 2023 6460:from the original on 14 April 2023 6327:from the original on 14 April 2023 6240:from the original on 14 April 2023 6110:from the original on 14 April 2023 6017:from the original on 14 April 2023 5959:from the original on 14 April 2023 5092:from the original on 14 April 2023 4886:from the original on 14 April 2023 4639:from the original on 14 April 2023 4502:from the original on 14 April 2023 2346:. In Denmark, he was succeeded by 1653: 1554: 1361:Following his death in the 1020s, 1234: 1123:(left) and Cnut (right), from the 1110: 791:was the climax to a succession of 14: 9963: 6796:National Portrait Gallery, London 6760: 6372:10.1163/ej.9789004187566.i-330.31 6129:The History of the English People 6125:Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, 6059:from the original on 5 April 2023 5764:from the original on 21 June 2009 4670:Campbell, A. (ed. & trans.), 2338:Cnut died on 12 November 1035 in 1965:Influence in the western sea-ways 1802:King of Norway and part of Sweden 1241:Government in Anglo-Saxon England 475:. Cnut's possession of England's 212:12 November 1035 (aged around 45) 48:Contemporary drawing of King Cnut 9927:English people of Polish descent 9106:Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire 9096:, Lady of the Mercians (911–918) 8984:Viking activity in Great Britain 7029: 6651:(2nd ed.). London: Longman. 6340:Ranelagh, John O'Bernie (2001), 6300:The Cambridge History of Ireland 6226:(2nd ed.), Stroud: Tempus, 6034:, Suffolk: St. Edmundsbury Press 5991:Campbell, Alistair, ed. (1998), 5885: 5876: 5867: 5750: 5699: 5633: 5608: 3945:using the name of the pagan god 3837: 2442:in the 17th century, plundering 1891:to the former line of earls, in 1477: 1385:, an Englishman from a powerful 1229:Lyfing, Archbishop of Canterbury 870:Among the allies of Denmark was 661:, whom Sweyn only marries after 355: 9947:Monarchs of England before 1066 9922:Danish people of Polish descent 9917:Burials at Winchester Cathedral 9907:11th-century Norwegian monarchs 8242:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 6446:. University of Toronto Press. 6045:. Cambridge: University Press. 5525: 5452: 5419:Forte, Oram & Pedersen 2005 5387: 5374: 5369:Forte, Oram & Pedersen 2005 5320:Forte, Oram & Pedersen 2005 5300: 5239: 5104: 5065: 5002:The Portable Antiquities Scheme 4989: 4964: 4859: 4854:Forte, Oram & Pedersen 2005 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4751: 4739: 4664: 4651: 4612: 4599: 4526: 4462: 4449: 4436: 4411: 4382: 4369: 4352: 4339: 4326: 4302:Forte, Oram & Pedersen 2005 3953:The story of Cnut and the waves 2158:Christianization of Scandinavia 644:and by this marriage mother of 9081:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians 8239:Monarchs of England until 1603 6624:William of Malmesbury (1998), 6562:Swanton, Michael, ed. (1996), 5995:, London: Cambridge University 4242: 4220:Westergaard, Waldemar (1917). 4213: 4201: 4183: 4158: 4133: 4128:Somerville & McDonald 2014 4023: 3982:in the early twelfth century: 3968:Canute Reproving His Courtiers 2510: 2298:and devout Christian, and the 2156:at his baptism – although the 2101:here being likely to mean the 2015:Domnall mac Eimín meic Cainnig 1834:are not included in this map.) 1302:. In 1018, having collected a 452:also submitted to him, though 304:Gunhilda, Queen of the Germans 1: 9902:11th-century kings of Denmark 9892:11th-century English monarchs 9806:"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem) 9785: 9751: 9300: 9203: 9084: 6969: 6688:The English Historical Review 6649:The English Church, 1000–1066 6283:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 6123:Greenway, Diana, ed. (1996). 5249:, vol. 52 (1986), pp. 211–38. 4394:The History of Olav Trygvason 4364:The History of Olav Trygvason 4066: 2502:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor 2046:in three of Cnut's charters. 1945:, and his eldest son by her, 1815: 1664:Buckinghamshire County Museum 1487: 1414: 1157:as the likely location – and 1145:There was a battle fought at 1040:ultimately in the service of 485:Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen 459:Dominion of England lent the 399: 195: 9782:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum 6519:UK public library membership 6272:UK public library membership 6213:UK public library membership 5461:, ed. Johnson Al, pp. 269–70 4809:, pp. 152–53; Williams, A., 4419:English Historical Documents 2310:, second only to the one at 2125:Angels crown Cnut as he and 1989:, ruler of the Norse-Gaelic 1867:, which fits the account of 1662:Coins of Cnut the Great, in 1579:, the husband of his sister 1048:, were probably Thorkell's. 890:in 995, and his marriage to 7: 8849:British monarchs after the 6608:Cnut – Emperor of the North 6535:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6484:. Oxford University Press. 6279:McGettigan, Darren (2013). 6223:Cnut: England's Viking King 5036:Graham-Campbell et al. 2016 4210:Royal Family website (2023) 3994: 3877:Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld 3845:The Old Norse catalogue of 2452:restoration of the monarchy 2027:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 1300:Richard I, Duke of Normandy 1129:written and illustrated by 544:Christianization of Denmark 10: 9968: 9897:10th-century Danish people 7318:Christopher III of Bavaria 7144:Valdemar II the Victorious 6342:A Short History of Ireland 5914: 4866:Molyneaux, George (2015). 4152:Collins English Dictionary 3956: 2544:Cnut the Great family tree 1270:Consolidation and Danegeld 1238: 1076:and together they harried 864:Knútr's payment in England 651:To complicate the matter, 491:and among the magnates of 24: 18: 9798: 9768: 9713: 9685: 9678: 9648: 9624: 9577: 9571:Second invasion: 980–1012 9570: 9493: 9371: 9324: 9317: 9253: 9226:Ecgberht I of Northumbria 9126: 9119: 9073: 8997: 8990: 8937: 8860: 8844: 8840: 8777: 8760: 8756: 8233: 8229: 8151: 8108: 8055: 8022: 7939: 7874: 7598: 7516: 7465: 7340: 7331: 7300: 7269: 7240: 7209: 7069: 7038: 7027: 6959: 6910: 6882: 6874: 6864: 6855: 6847: 6837: 6828: 6813: 6808: 6631:, Oxford: Clarendon Press 6564:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 6418:Snorri Sturluson (1990), 6160:Knutr & Viking Dublin 5078:. Brill. pp. 41–42. 4659:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 4472:, Penguin (1995), p. 122. 3826: 3817: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3749: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3673: 3671: 3656: 3592: 3590: 3578: 3576: 3550: 3548: 3522: 3518: 3516: 3505: 3503: 3487: 3480: 3478: 3453: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3405: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3371: 3361: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3337: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3294: 3278: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3241: 3230: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3202: 3200: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3137: 3121: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3078: 3076: 3068: 3062: 3054: 3052: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2951: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2821: 2819: 2790: 2770: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2725: 2721: 2709: 2707: 2682: 2666: 2638: 2636: 2610: 2608: 2583: 2559: 2117:Relations with the Church 2105:kingdoms rather than the 1756:, from Schleswig, on the 1440:Christ Church, Canterbury 1405:of Cnut the Great with a 1192:London captured by treaty 334: 324: 312: 279: 258: 228: 208: 191: 187: 177: 167: 157: 149: 142: 132: 122: 114: 107: 97: 87: 77: 69: 62: 41: 36: 9100:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon 9019:of East Anglia (855–869) 7837:Magnus VI the Law-mender 6700:10.1093/ehr/cvii.423.350 6656:Bolton, Timothy (2009). 6173:A History of the Vikings 5972:Bolton, Timothy (2017). 5939:Bartlett, W. B. (2016). 5072:Bolton, Timothy (2009). 5048:Coke & Hargrave 1853 4837:, pp. 82, 121, 138. 4619:Bolton, Timothy (2009). 4249:Belloc, Hilaire (1925). 4105:Britain's Royal Families 4016: 3959:King Canute and the tide 1610:When the Norwegian king 1506:, as well as within the 753:St. Brice's Day massacre 751:, in 1003–04, after the 516:King Canute and the tide 391:Old Norse pronunciation: 9434:Sea Battle near Swanage 9344:Battle of Hingston Down 8110:III. Independent Norway 7793:Haakon II Broadshoulder 6626:Gesta Regnum Anglorum. 6566:, New York: Routledge, 6093:Vikings and the Danelaw 5922:Adam of Bremen (1917), 5735:, pp. 98, 104–105. 4145:8 November 2018 at the 4107:. Vintage. p. 30. 3653:Malcolm III of Scotland 2472:, King of Norway ; 2416:Old Minster, Winchester 2414:Cnut was buried in the 2226:was the recipient of a 2071:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill 1979:Máel Mórda mac Murchada 830:recalled Æthelred from 387: 237:Old Minster, Winchester 27:Canute (disambiguation) 9372:First invasion 865–896 8024:II. Independent Norway 6823:as King of the English 6220:Lawson, M. K. (2004), 6162:, Scandinavian Studies 6158:Hudson, B. T. (1994), 5993:Encomium Emmae Reginae 5498:, scholium 37, p. 112. 4922:, pp. 51–52, 163. 4908:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4807:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4795:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4783:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4771:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4746:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 4672:Encomium Emmae Reginae 4625:. Brill. p. 248. 4552:History of the Vikings 4292:ASC, Ms. D, s.a. 1031. 4056: 4048: 4039: 4034: 3989: 3971: 3245:Godwin, Earl of Wessex 2948:Richard II of Normandy 2907:Ælfgifu of Northampton 2465:Ælfgifu of Northampton 2458:Marriages and children 2372:Ælfgifu of Northampton 2362:, was made to flee to 2335: 2300:Abbey of Saint-Martial 2166:Ælfgifu of Northampton 2149: 1943:Ælfgifu of Northampton 1835: 1796: 1726: 1670: 1491: 1475: 1418: 1373:), was Cnut's sister. 1250: 1134: 1052:Advance into the North 999: 995:Encomium Emmae Reginae 944:Peterborough Chronicle 867: 788: 266:Ælfgifu of Northampton 9325:Viking raids: 793–850 9244:Eohric of East Anglia 9238:Ceolwulf II of Mercia 9025:(978–1013, 1014–1016) 7808:Haakon III Sverresson 7781:Eystein II Haraldsson 7756:Sigurd I the Crusader 7605:Foreign and non-royal 7600:I. Independent Norway 7287:Eric VII of Pomerania 7116:Eric II the Memorable 6264:10.1093/ref:odnb/4579 6205:10.1093/ref:odnb/8915 6151:Spåren av kungens män 6030:Ellis, P. B. (1993), 5721:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 4534:Gesta Regnum Anglorum 4166:"King Cnut The Great" 4103:Weir, Alison (1989). 3984: 3966: 3895:Hallvarðr háreksblesi 3869:Hallvarðr háreksblesi 3291:William the Conqueror 2794:Richard I of Normandy 2434:was built on the old 2333: 2124: 1809: 1792:Cnut's letter of 1027 1784: 1717:Cnut's letter of 1027 1709: 1661: 1485: 1466:Cnut's letter of 1019 1449: 1413:dating to the period 1401: 1248: 1239:Further information: 1231:, in London in 1017. 1118: 986: 950:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 853: 775: 630:). Adam of Bremen in 561:Thietmar of Merseburg 409:and with the epithet 9912:Anglo-Norse monarchs 9478:Battle of Fearnhamme 9440:Battle of Chippenham 9404:Battle of Englefield 9023:Æthelred the Unready 8819:William III & II 8384:Henry the Young King 8334:Edward the Confessor 8302:Æthelred the Unready 7825:Haakon IV Haakonsson 7726:Magnus II Haraldsson 7613:monarchs in brackets 7197:Valdemar IV Atterdag 7134:Valdemar I the Great 6606:Trow, M. J. (2005), 6490:10.1093/ref:odnb/180 6393:, Alingsås: Viktoria 4974:, vii. 7, pp. 502–03 4482:Howard, Ian (2003). 4252:A History of England 3491:Edward the Confessor 3238:Gytha Thorkelsdóttir 3134:Robert I of Normandy 2928:Æthelred the Unready 2670:Doubravka of Bohemia 2432:Winchester Cathedral 2326:Death and succession 2090:attributable to the 2055:Battle of Stiklestad 1999:High King of Ireland 1957:'s illegitimate son 1935:Battle of Stiklestad 1642:1026, one of Cnut's 1628:Battle of the Helgeå 1591:. With the death of 1204:, in south-east, or 872:Bolesław I the Brave 710:, and the legendary 244:Winchester Cathedral 9396:Siege of Nottingham 9350:Battle of Rochester 9011:Ælla of Northumbria 8767:Union of the Crowns 8044:Christian Frederick 7857:Haakon VI Magnusson 7852:Magnus VII Ericsson 7798:Magnus V Erlingsson 7766:Magnus IV the Blind 7751:Eystein I Magnusson 7741:Magnus III Barefoot 7721:Harald III Hardrada 7643:Harald II Greycloak 7302:Palatinate-Neumarkt 7182:Eric Christoffersen 7096:Canute IV the Saint 6953:Monarchs of Denmark 6532:Anglo-Saxon England 6398:Sawyer, P. (1997), 6389:Sawyer, P. (1991), 6013:. Robert H. Small. 5903:, pp. 367–69; 5574:, pp. 139–147. 5421:, pp. 197–198. 5346:, pp. 131–156. 5322:, pp. 196–197. 5150:, pp. 124–125. 5062:, pp. 137–156. 4532:William of Malms., 4280:, pp. 197–198. 4196:G. P. Putnam's Sons 3976:Henry of Huntingdon 3814:Matilda of Scotland 3298:Matilda of Flanders 3102:Gunhilda of Denmark 2679:William I Longsword 2663:Mieszko I of Poland 2498:Gunhilda of Denmark 2410:Bones at Winchester 1814:of Cnut the Great, 1734:Kingdom of Burgundy 1581:Estrid Svendsdatter 1429:won the kingdom of 1394:Affairs to the East 1350:, ealdorman of the 1200:, fought at either 1159:a subsequent battle 1074:Earl of Northumbria 1010:Ealdorman of Mercia 888:Eric the Victorious 846:Conquest of England 718:, off the coast of 642:Eric the Victorious 614:Since in the Norse 585:, most prominently 575:Mieszko I of Poland 9952:Princes of Denmark 9937:House of Knýtlinga 9932:Christian monarchs 9856:Vale of York Hoard 9816:England runestones 9686:Viking settlements 9484:Battle of Benfleet 9460:Battle of Edington 9380:Great Heathen Army 9267:Halfdan Ragnarsson 9178:(947–948, 952–954) 8851:Acts of Union 1707 8814:James II & VII 8507:Kenneth I MacAlpin 8292:Edgar the Peaceful 7862:Olaf IV Haakonsson 7847:Haakon V Magnusson 7814:Guttorm Sigurdsson 7736:Haakon Toresfostre 7546:monarch of Iceland 7532:monarch of England 7525:monarchs of Norway 7153:Eric IV Plough-tax 7148:Valdemar the Young 7086:Sweyn II Estridsen 6991:Harald I Bluetooth 6610:, Stroud: Sutton, 6581:Chronik: Chronicon 5934:, Hamburg: Hahnuni 5907:, pp. 214–16. 4190:Laurence M. Larson 4029:Modern languages: 3972: 3919:and the anonymous 3821:Henry I of England 2955:Judith of Brittany 2774:Sigrid the Haughty 2478:, King of England. 2352:Magnus I of Norway 2336: 2230:for the relics of 2150: 2065:, the future King 2013:, who were led by 1987:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 1971:Battle of Clontarf 1878:, and the city of 1836: 1760:, an inlet of the 1679:Holy Roman Emperor 1671: 1648:Roskilde Cathedral 1492: 1472:, pp. 168–169 1419: 1251: 1223:On an island near 1198:Battle of Assandun 1188:to ravage Mercia. 1135: 1094:Thurbrand the Hold 892:Sigrid the Haughty 868: 667:Sigrid the Haughty 658:Sigrid the Haughty 522:Birth and kingship 444:in 1028. In 1031, 203:Kingdom of Denmark 9864: 9863: 9776:Treaty of Wedmore 9764: 9763: 9674: 9673: 9650:Harald's invasion 9620: 9619: 9566: 9565: 9455: 9454: 9428:Battle of Reading 9416:Battle of Meretun 9410:Battle of Ashdown 9313: 9312: 9297:Thorkell the Tall 9261:Ivar the Boneless 9232:Burgred of Mercia 9194:Olaf Guthfrithson 9115: 9114: 9017:Edmund the Martyr 8950: 8949: 8933: 8932: 8836: 8835: 8752: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8297:Edward the Martyr 8180: 8179: 8147: 8146: 8104: 8103: 8057:Union with Sweden 8051: 8050: 8018: 8017: 7935: 7934: 7870: 7869: 7842:Eric II Magnusson 7803:Sverre Sigurdsson 7787:Magnus Haraldsson 7776:Inge I Haraldsson 7716:Magnus I the Good 7685:Olaf II the Saint 7673:Eiríkr Hákonarson 7661:Olaf I Tryggvason 7655:Haakon Sigurdsson 7638:Haakon I the Good 7628:Harald I Fairhair 7614: 7555: 7554: 7539:monarch of Sweden 7512: 7511: 7327: 7326: 7296: 7295: 7265: 7264: 7236: 7235: 7205: 7204: 7065: 7064: 7025: 7024: 6920: 6919: 6911:Succeeded by 6865:Succeeded by 6838:Succeeded by 6826: 6667:978-90-04-16670-7 6598:978-2-503-51896-1 6542:978-0-19-821716-9 6517:(subscription or 6499:978-0-19-861412-8 6474:Stafford, Pauline 6453:978-1-4426-0870-2 6320:978-0-8478-1625-5 6270:(Subscription or 6211:(Subscription or 6138:978-0-19-822224-8 6127:Historia Anglorum 6103:978-1-78570-455-0 6052:978-0-521-82992-2 6005:Hargrave, Francis 5983:978-0-300-20833-7 5952:978-1-4456-4592-6 5843:on 24 August 2009 5473:, pp. 31–32. 5344:Ní Mhaonaigh 2018 5334:, pp. 61–63. 5285:, pp. 97–98. 5236:, pp. 95–98. 5138:, pp. 65–66. 5085:978-90-04-16670-7 4879:978-0-19-102775-8 4632:978-90-04-16670-7 3980:Historia Anglorum 3913:Þórðr Kolbeinsson 3909:Þórarinn loftunga 3887:Sigvatr Þórðarson 3865:Þórarinn loftunga 3857:Sigvatr Þórðarson 3835: 3834: 3830: 3829: 2440:English Civil War 2276:William the Great 2051:Sigvatr Þórðarson 1991:kingdom of Dublin 1869:John of Worcester 1779:Sigvatr Þórðarson 1542:Law codes of Cnut 1336:Thorkell the Tall 1293:Duchy of Normandy 1285:Edmund Ironside's 1153:– with a hill in 1098:Eiríkr Hákonarson 1014:Thorkell the Tall 977:. A passage from 961:, and harried in 941:According to the 937:Landing in Wessex 916:Battle of Svolder 904:Eiríkr Hákonarson 696:Thorkell the Tall 690:, a 13th-century 481:Holy Roman Empire 395:[ˈknuːtr] 348: 347: 343:Gunhild of Wenden 9959: 9851:Silverdale Hoard 9790: 9787: 9756: 9753: 9705:North Sea Empire 9683: 9682: 9593:Battle of Pinhoe 9575: 9574: 9491: 9490: 9466:Battle of London 9446:Battle of Cynwit 9422:Battle of Basing 9376: 9375: 9322: 9321: 9305: 9302: 9208: 9205: 9200:Ragnall ua Ímair 9188:Gofraid ua Ímair 9124: 9123: 9089: 9086: 9050:Edward the Elder 9044:Alfred the Great 8995: 8994: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8954: 8953: 8842: 8841: 8802:Richard Cromwell 8792:The Protectorate 8782:James I & VI 8758: 8757: 8339:Harold Godwinson 8259:Edward the Elder 8252:Alfred the Great 8236: 8235: 8231: 8230: 8207: 8200: 8193: 8184: 8183: 8121: 8120: 8082:Charles III John 8068: 8067: 8035: 8034: 7952: 7951: 7887: 7886: 7831:Haakon the Young 7820:Inge II Bårdsson 7679:Sweyn Haakonsson 7649:Harald Bluetooth 7618: 7617: 7604: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7559: 7558: 7338: 7337: 7307: 7306: 7276: 7275: 7245: 7244: 7216: 7215: 7193: 7126:Sweyn III Grathe 7076: 7075: 7045: 7044: 7033: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6923: 6922: 6903:Sveinn Alfífuson 6875:Preceded by 6848:Preceded by 6820: 6814:Preceded by 6806: 6805: 6802: 6750: 6741: 6732: 6703: 6679: 6652: 6632: 6620: 6602: 6579:Thietmar (1962) 6576: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6522: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6436: 6414: 6394: 6385: 6354: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6313:. Random House. 6303: 6294: 6275: 6267: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6216: 6208: 6186: 6163: 6154: 6142: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6086: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6035: 6032:Celt & Saxon 6026: 6024: 6022: 6001:Coke, Sir Edward 5996: 5987: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5935: 5908: 5898: 5892: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5842: 5836:. Archived from 5831: 5823: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5494:Adam of Bremen, 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5357:Celt & Saxon 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5218: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5020: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4697: 4688: 4681: 4675: 4668: 4662: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4616: 4610: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4580: 4574: 4555: 4548: 4537: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4479: 4473: 4466: 4460: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4396:, ch. 91, p. 184 4386: 4380: 4375:Adam of Bremen, 4373: 4367: 4366:, ch. 34, p. 141 4356: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193:Canute the Great 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4162: 4156: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4100: 4060: 4049:Knut den mektige 4042: 4027: 4001:North Sea Empire 3475:Tostig Godwinson 3468:Harold Godwinson 3275:Edward the Exile 2921:Emma of Normandy 2656:Harald Bluetooth 2552: 2551: 2538: 2531: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2487:Emma of Normandy 2428:High Middle Ages 2404:North Sea Empire 2385:Sweyn Estridsson 2266:(famous for its 2184:to embellish in 2162:Emma of Normandy 2127:Emma of Normandy 2003:Sigurd the Stout 1817: 1812:North Sea Empire 1794: 1741:King of Burgundy 1724: 1634:at a banquet in 1546:Wulfstan of York 1489: 1473: 1423:Battle of Nesjar 1416: 1371:Úlfr Thorgilsson 1289:Emma of Normandy 1208:, in north-west 1027:Jómsvíkinga saga 1018:Jomsviking chief 997: 975:Alfred the Great 912:Sweyn Haakonsson 786: 620:king of Vindland 599:, a daughter of 593:Snorri Sturluson 583:High Middle Ages 573:, a daughter of 532:Harald Bluetooth 427:North Sea Empire 404: 401: 397: 392: 381: 380: 377: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 271:Emma of Normandy 200: 197: 46: 34: 33: 9967: 9966: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9942:House of Wessex 9867: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9794: 9788: 9760: 9754: 9709: 9670: 9665:Stamford Bridge 9644: 9626:Cnut's invasion 9616: 9562: 9539:Second Stamford 9489: 9472:Siege of Exeter 9451: 9382: 9367: 9362:Battle of Aclea 9338:Isle of Sheppey 9309: 9303: 9249: 9218:Sweyn Forkbeard 9206: 9151:Harold Harefoot 9111: 9087: 9069: 8986: 8981: 8951: 8946: 8929: 8856: 8832: 8797:Oliver Cromwell 8773: 8748: 8743: 8590:Constantine III 8499: 8324:Harold Harefoot 8314:Edmund Ironside 8225: 8220: and 8211: 8181: 8176: 8172:Swedish monarch 8166:English monarch 8143: 8119: 8100: 8066: 8047: 8033: 8014: 7950: 7931: 7885: 7866: 7761:Harald IV Gille 7697:Haakon Ericsson 7667:Sweyn Forkbeard 7633:Eric I Bloodaxe 7612: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7594: 7586: 7556: 7551: 7508: 7471: 7461: 7344: 7323: 7292: 7261: 7232: 7201: 7191: 7168:Eric V Klipping 7106:Eric I Evergood 7061: 7056:Magnus the Good 7034: 7021: 6955: 6950: 6916: 6914:Magnus the Good 6900: 6894:Hákon Eiríksson 6890: 6888: 6880: 6870: 6861: 6858:King of Denmark 6853: 6843: 6834: 6831:King of England 6819: 6763: 6721:10.2307/4049386 6694:(423): 350–60. 6668: 6640: 6638:Further reading 6635: 6618: 6599: 6574: 6552: 6550: 6543: 6516: 6509: 6507: 6500: 6463: 6461: 6454: 6434: 6412: 6382: 6352: 6330: 6328: 6321: 6291: 6269: 6243: 6241: 6234: 6210: 6184: 6139: 6113: 6111: 6104: 6096:. Oxbow Books. 6084: 6062: 6060: 6053: 6020: 6018: 5984: 5962: 5960: 5953: 5917: 5912: 5911: 5899: 5895: 5891:Frank 1999:121. 5890: 5886: 5882:Frank 1999:120. 5881: 5877: 5873:Frank 1999:116. 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5713: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5668: 5659: 5651: 5647: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5622: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5502: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5444: 5440: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5332:McGettigan 2013 5330: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5219: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5086: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5014: 5013: 5006: 5004: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4732: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4698: 4691: 4682: 4678: 4669: 4665: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4633: 4617: 4613: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4583: 4575: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4496: 4480: 4476: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4450: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4387: 4383: 4374: 4370: 4357: 4353: 4344: 4340: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4308: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4218: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4147:Wayback Machine 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4101: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4063: 4028: 4024: 4019: 3997: 3961: 3955: 3922:Liðsmannaflokkr 3843: 3831: 3484:Edith of Wessex 3461:Sweyn Godwinson 3118:Edmund Ironside 3111:Alfred Ætheling 3093:Harold Harefoot 2935:Ælfgifu of York 2767:Sweyn Forkbeard 2587:Poppa of Bayeux 2545: 2542: 2513: 2476:Harold Harefoot 2460: 2426:throughout the 2412: 2376:Harold Harefoot 2328: 2186:Norse mythology 2146:British Library 2119: 1967: 1959:Magnus the Good 1951:Aelfgifu's Time 1893:Håkon Eiriksson 1884:Olaf Haraldsson 1857:Olof Skötkonung 1804: 1795: 1790: 1725: 1715: 1656: 1654:Journey to Rome 1612:Olaf Haraldsson 1593:Olof Skötkonung 1557: 1555:King of Denmark 1480: 1474: 1464: 1427:Olaf Haraldsson 1396: 1363:Erik of Hlathir 1328:Erik of Hlathir 1281:Eadwig Ætheling 1272: 1243: 1237: 1235:King of England 1214:Gloucestershire 1194: 1126:Chronica Majora 1121:Edmund Ironside 1113: 1111:Siege of London 1054: 1022:Sweyn Forkbeard 998: 993: 939: 931:Edmund Ironside 900:Olof Skötkonung 848: 787: 782: 778:keener-sighted. 646:Olof Skötkonung 581:sources of the 528:Sweyn Forkbeard 524: 489:Catholic Church 429:by historians. 421:from 1018, and 419:King of Denmark 415:King of England 402: 390: 358: 354: 329:Sweyn Forkbeard 308: 294:Harold Harefoot 275: 254: 253: 213: 201: 198: 172:Magnus the Good 109:King of Denmark 64:King of England 58: 49: 30: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9965: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9841:Ragnar Lodbrok 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9811:Cuerdale Hoard 9808: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9779: 9772: 9770: 9766: 9765: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9720: 9718: 9716:petty kingdoms 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9696: 9689: 9687: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9662: 9655: 9653: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9637: 9631: 9629: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9614: 9608: 9605:St Brice's Day 9602: 9596: 9590: 9583: 9581: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9536: 9530: 9524: 9518: 9512: 9509:First Stamford 9506: 9499: 9497: 9488: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9456: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9443: 9437: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9400: 9399: 9393: 9390:Battle of York 9386: 9384: 9373: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9347: 9341: 9335: 9328: 9326: 9319: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9197: 9191: 9185: 9179: 9173: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9157:Svein Knutsson 9154: 9148: 9142: 9130: 9128: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9103: 9097: 9091: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9035: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9008: 9005:Offa of Mercia 9001: 8999: 8998:Major monarchs 8992: 8988: 8987: 8980: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8957: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8854: 8838: 8837: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8789: 8784: 8778: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8771: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8693:Edward Balliol 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8553:Constantine II 8550: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8481: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8380: 8375: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8345:Edgar Ætheling 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8240: 8234: 8227: 8226: 8210: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8187: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8160:Danish monarch 8156: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8125: 8118: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8072: 8065: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8041: 8039: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7956: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7941:Denmark–Norway 7937: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7891: 7884: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7771:Sigurd II Munn 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7746:Olav Magnusson 7743: 7738: 7733: 7731:Olaf III Kyrre 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7703:Sweyn Knutsson 7687: 7682: 7663: 7658: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7624: 7622: 7615: 7596: 7595: 7585: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7562: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7528: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7484:Frederick VIII 7481: 7475: 7473: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7451:Christian VIII 7447: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7348: 7346: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7313: 7311: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7290: 7282: 7280: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7251: 7249: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7222: 7220: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7178:Christopher II 7175: 7173:Eric VI Menved 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7141: 7136: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7091:Harald III Hen 7088: 7082: 7080: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7051: 7049: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7018:(Harthacanute) 7013: 7006: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6973: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6949: 6948: 6941: 6934: 6926: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6909: 6885:King of Norway 6881: 6878:Olaf the Saint 6876: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6863: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6836: 6827: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6809:Regnal titles 6804: 6803: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6770: 6762: 6761:External links 6759: 6758: 6757: 6751: 6742: 6733: 6704: 6680: 6666: 6653: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6621: 6616: 6603: 6597: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6559: 6541: 6527:Stenton, Frank 6523: 6498: 6470: 6452: 6437: 6432: 6420:Heimskringla, 6415: 6410: 6395: 6386: 6380: 6355: 6350: 6337: 6319: 6304: 6295: 6289: 6276: 6249: 6232: 6217: 6187: 6182: 6164: 6155: 6153:, Rabén Prisma 6147:Hagerman, Maja 6143: 6137: 6120: 6102: 6087: 6082: 6069: 6051: 6042:Viking Empires 6036: 6027: 5997: 5988: 5982: 5974:Cnut the Great 5969: 5951: 5936: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5864:, p. 126. 5854: 5787: 5775: 5749: 5747:, p. 195. 5737: 5725: 5711: 5698: 5696:, p. 145. 5686: 5684:, p. 144. 5674: 5672:, p. 146. 5657: 5655:, p. 147. 5645: 5632: 5630:, p. 143. 5620: 5607: 5605:, p. 142. 5588: 5586:, p. 141. 5576: 5564: 5549: 5537: 5524: 5512: 5510:, p. 121. 5500: 5496:Gesta Daenorum 5487: 5475: 5463: 5451: 5438: 5436:, p. 102. 5423: 5411: 5409:, p. 660. 5399: 5386: 5373: 5371:, p. 227. 5361: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5299: 5287: 5275: 5263: 5261:, p. 135. 5251: 5238: 5226: 5210: 5208:, p. 104. 5198: 5182: 5180:, p. 125. 5170: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5103: 5084: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5028: 4988: 4976: 4963: 4948: 4946:, p. 162. 4936: 4924: 4912: 4897: 4878: 4858: 4856:, p. 198. 4839: 4827: 4825:, p. 393. 4815: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4750: 4738: 4717: 4715:, p. 161. 4705: 4689: 4676: 4663: 4650: 4631: 4611: 4609:, p. ???. 4598: 4581: 4556: 4538: 4525: 4523:, p. 182. 4513: 4494: 4474: 4461: 4448: 4435: 4433:, p. 160. 4423: 4410: 4398: 4381: 4368: 4351: 4338: 4325: 4306: 4304:, p. 196. 4294: 4282: 4270: 4241: 4212: 4200: 4182: 4157: 4132: 4130:, p. 435. 4120: 4113: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4057:Knut den Store 4035:Knud den Store 4021: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3957:Main article: 3954: 3951: 3873:Bersi Torfuson 3842: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3808:Other children 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498:Edgar Ætheling 3495: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3086:Svein Knutsson 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2914:Cnut the Great 2911: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2495: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2473: 2470:Sweyn Knutsson 2459: 2456: 2411: 2408: 2327: 2324: 2118: 2115: 2025:, again under 2019:Mormaer of Mar 2007:Earl of Orkney 1966: 1963: 1947:Sweyn Knutsson 1928:Orkney Islands 1924:Pentland Firth 1803: 1800: 1788: 1713: 1705:Hamburg-Bremen 1655: 1652: 1556: 1553: 1479: 1476: 1462: 1395: 1392: 1340:Eadric Streona 1271: 1268: 1236: 1233: 1218:Forest of Dean 1193: 1190: 1155:Selwood Forest 1112: 1109: 1053: 1050: 1006:Eadric Streona 991: 938: 935: 925:from all over 894:, the Swedish 876:duke of Poland 847: 844: 784:Knytlinga Saga 780: 770:Knýtlinga saga 758:Encomium Emmae 731:Encomium Emmae 679:Encomium Emmae 605:, the king of 566:Encomium Emmae 523: 520: 423:King of Norway 346: 345: 336: 332: 331: 326: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 307: 306: 301: 296: 291: 289:Svein Knutsson 285: 283: 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 262: 260: 256: 255: 252: 251: 240: 233: 232: 230: 226: 225: 210: 206: 205: 193: 189: 188: 185: 184: 182:Svein Knutsson 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 144:King of Norway 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 83:1017 in London 81: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 60: 59: 47: 39: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9964: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9821:Furness Hoard 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9774: 9773: 9771: 9767: 9749: 9746: 9743: 9740: 9737: 9734: 9731: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9612: 9609: 9606: 9603: 9600: 9597: 9594: 9591: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9569: 9558: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9531: 9528: 9525: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9513: 9510: 9507: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9492: 9485: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9447: 9444: 9441: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9423: 9420: 9417: 9414: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9374: 9370: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9323: 9320: 9316: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254:Major leaders 9252: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9182:Amlaíb Cuarán 9180: 9177: 9176:Eric Bloodaxe 9174: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9163: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9122: 9118: 9107: 9104: 9101: 9098: 9095: 9092: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074:Major leaders 9072: 9063: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9045: 9042: 9039: 9036: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8973: 8971: 8966: 8964: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8936: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8859: 8853: 8852: 8847: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8770: 8768: 8763: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8668: 8666: 8665:Alexander III 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8537: 8536: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8523: 8522: 8521:Constantine I 8518: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8208: 8203: 8201: 8196: 8194: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8173: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8150: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8006:Christian VII 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7981:Frederick III 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7966:Christian III 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7704: 7699: 7698: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7610: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7583: 7578: 7576: 7571: 7569: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7458: 7457:Frederick VII 7455: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7437:Christian VII 7434: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7402:Frederick III 7399: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7381:Christian III 7378: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7342:Senior branch 7339: 7336: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7268: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7198: 7195: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7163:Christopher I 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7121:Eric III Lamb 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7101:Olaf I Hunger 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6942: 6940: 6935: 6933: 6928: 6927: 6924: 6915: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6887: 6886: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6860: 6859: 6852: 6846: 6842: 6833: 6832: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6740:. De Gruyter. 6739: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6715:(4): 375–87. 6714: 6710: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6684:Hudson, B. T. 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6645:Barlow, Frank 6642: 6641: 6630: 6627: 6622: 6619: 6617:0-7509-3387-9 6613: 6609: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6590: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6573:0-415-92129-5 6569: 6565: 6560: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6438: 6435: 6433:0-486-26366-5 6429: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6413: 6411:0-19-820526-0 6407: 6403: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6383: 6381:9789004187573 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6356: 6353: 6351:0-521-46944-9 6347: 6343: 6338: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6290:9781846823848 6286: 6282: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6250: 6239: 6235: 6233:0-7524-2964-7 6229: 6225: 6224: 6218: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6191:Keynes, Simon 6188: 6185: 6183:0-19-285139-X 6179: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6121: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083:0-7185-0205-1 6079: 6075: 6070: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5906: 5902: 5901:Greenway 1996 5897: 5888: 5879: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5784: 5783:Stafford 2004 5779: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5671: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5636: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5611: 5604: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5580: 5573: 5568: 5562:, p. 87. 5561: 5556: 5554: 5547:, p. 86. 5546: 5541: 5534: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5460: 5455: 5449:, pp. 197–98. 5448: 5442: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5397:, pp. 330–31. 5396: 5390: 5384:, pp. 323–25. 5383: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5284: 5279: 5273:, p. 23. 5272: 5267: 5260: 5259:Hagerman 1996 5255: 5248: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5132: 5126:, p. 44. 5125: 5124:Bartlett 2016 5120: 5113: 5107: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5068: 5061: 5060:Richards 2010 5056: 5050:, p. 20. 5049: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5024: 5018: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4986:, p. 90. 4985: 4980: 4973: 4967: 4961:, p. 89. 4960: 4955: 4953: 4945: 4940: 4934:, p. 83. 4933: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4748:, pp. 146–49. 4747: 4742: 4736:, p. 28. 4735: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4686: 4680: 4673: 4667: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4596:, p. 49. 4595: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4579:, p. 27. 4578: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4495:0-85115-928-1 4491: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4471: 4465: 4458: 4452: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4427: 4420: 4414: 4408:, p. 44. 4407: 4402: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4348: 4342: 4335: 4329: 4323:, p. 97. 4322: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4303: 4298: 4289: 4287: 4279: 4274: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4245: 4229: 4226:. Macmillan. 4225: 4224: 4216: 4209: 4204: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4186: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4129: 4124: 4116: 4114:9780099539735 4110: 4106: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4072: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3891:Óttarr svarti 3888: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861:Óttarr svarti 3858: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3825: 3822: 3815: 3764: 3761: 3753: 3752: 3737: 3729: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3661: 3654: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3597: 3595: 3525: 3521: 3512: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3419: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3395: 3383: 3359: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3292: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3135: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3018: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2949: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2915: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2847: 2845: 2831: 2829: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2788: 2775: 2768: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2723: 2719: 2717: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2680: 2671: 2664: 2657: 2649: 2647: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2581: 2564: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2448:William Rufus 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268:illustrations 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2209:Christ Church 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2111:rex Scothorum 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095:Óttarr svarti 2093: 2089: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1926:(between the 1925: 1921: 1920:British Isles 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1808: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1723:, p. 193 1722: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1508:British Isles 1505: 1500: 1498: 1484: 1478:Statesmanship 1471: 1467: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1247: 1242: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1132: 1131:Matthew Paris 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:Staffordshire 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 996: 990: 985: 983: 982: 979:Queen Emma's 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 951: 946: 945: 934: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 865: 861: 857: 852: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 785: 779: 774: 772: 771: 765: 763: 759: 754: 750: 746: 745:Óttarr svarti 743: 739: 738: 733: 732: 727: 726: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 698:, brother to 697: 693: 689: 688: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 659: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634: 629: 625: 621: 617: 612: 610: 609: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 589: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567: 562: 558: 557: 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 519: 517: 512: 510: 509:Norman Cantor 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 465:Great Britain 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 396: 389: 385: 379: 352: 344: 340: 337: 333: 330: 327: 323: 320: 317: 315: 311: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 284: 282: 278: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 261: 257: 249: 245: 242:Bones now in 241: 238: 235: 234: 231: 227: 224: 220: 216: 211: 207: 204: 194: 190: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 86: 82: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 56: 55: 45: 40: 35: 32: 28: 22: 9144: 8941: 8920:Elizabeth II 8848: 8764: 8691: 8669: 8660:Alexander II 8577: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8487: 8476: 8399: 8382: 8370: 8343: 8318: 8306: 8264: 8257: 8250: 8011:Frederick VI 7996:Christian VI 7991:Frederick IV 7976:Christian IV 7971:Frederick II 7928:Christian II 7910: 7876:Kalmar Union 7707: 7701: 7695: 7690: 7689: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7653: 7647: 7608: 7520: 7499:Margrethe II 7479:Christian IX 7466: 7449: 7444:Frederick VI 7442: 7435: 7428: 7423:Christian VI 7421: 7416:Frederick IV 7414: 7407: 7400: 7395:Christian IV 7393: 7388:Frederick II 7386: 7379: 7372: 7367:Christian II 7365: 7358: 7351: 7341: 7316: 7285: 7254: 7225: 7187:Valdemar III 7054: 7009: 7008: 6996: 6989: 6985:Gorm the Old 6981:(Harthacnut) 6906: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6883: 6856: 6829: 6822: 6821: 6753: 6746: 6737: 6712: 6708: 6691: 6687: 6657: 6648: 6629: 6625: 6607: 6588: 6580: 6563: 6551:. Retrieved 6531: 6508:. Retrieved 6481: 6462:. Retrieved 6442: 6423: 6419: 6400: 6390: 6363: 6359: 6341: 6329:. Retrieved 6309: 6299: 6280: 6253: 6242:, retrieved 6222: 6194: 6172: 6159: 6150: 6128: 6124: 6112:. Retrieved 6092: 6073: 6061:. Retrieved 6041: 6031: 6019:. Retrieved 6009: 5992: 5973: 5961:. Retrieved 5945:. Amberley. 5941: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5857: 5845:. Retrieved 5838:the original 5833: 5778: 5766:. Retrieved 5752: 5740: 5728: 5719: 5714: 5706: 5701: 5689: 5677: 5648: 5640: 5635: 5623: 5615: 5610: 5579: 5567: 5540: 5532: 5527: 5515: 5503: 5495: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5441: 5414: 5407:Townend 2012 5402: 5394: 5389: 5381: 5376: 5364: 5356: 5351: 5339: 5327: 5315: 5307: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5246: 5241: 5229: 5221: 5201: 5193: 5173: 5165: 5143: 5131: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5094:. Retrieved 5074: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5038:, p. 3. 5031: 5005:. Retrieved 5001: 4991: 4979: 4971: 4966: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4907: 4888:. Retrieved 4868: 4861: 4830: 4823:Stenton 1971 4818: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4797:, pp. 151–53 4794: 4790: 4785:, pp. 150–51 4782: 4778: 4773:, pp. 148–50 4770: 4766: 4758: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4708: 4700: 4684: 4679: 4671: 4666: 4658: 4653: 4641:. Retrieved 4621: 4614: 4606: 4601: 4551: 4536:, pp. 308–10 4533: 4528: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4484: 4477: 4469: 4464: 4456: 4451: 4443: 4438: 4426: 4421:, pp. 335–36 4418: 4413: 4401: 4393: 4390:Heimskringla 4389: 4384: 4376: 4371: 4363: 4360:Heimskringla 4359: 4354: 4349:, pp. 30–31. 4346: 4341: 4336:, 1995: 166. 4333: 4328: 4297: 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4251: 4244: 4232:. Retrieved 4222: 4215: 4203: 4192: 4185: 4173:. Retrieved 4169: 4160: 4150: 4135: 4123: 4104: 4025: 4006:Raven banner 3990: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3920: 3916: 3902: 3898: 3880: 3850: 3844: 3839: 2913: 2556:Gorm the Old 2450:. After the 2413: 2389: 2337: 2316: 2302:was a great 2264:Peterborough 2260:sacramentary 2249: 2218: 2217:New Minster 2202: 2181: 2178: 2153: 2151: 2140: 2139:New Minster 2110: 2103:Gall Ghaedil 2098: 2085: 2083: 2048: 2043: 2031: 1995:Brian Bóruma 1968: 1950: 1932: 1897: 1873: 1837: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1772: 1770: 1738: 1727: 1716: 1710: 1690: 1672: 1609: 1574: 1558: 1550: 1533: 1522: 1520: 1501: 1493: 1465: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1436: 1420: 1403:Silver penny 1360: 1344: 1313: 1297: 1273: 1252: 1222: 1195: 1186:River Orwell 1171: 1144: 1136: 1124: 1102: 1062:Warwickshire 1060:and harried 1055: 1033:Flateyjarbók 1031: 1025: 1000: 994: 987: 980: 948: 942: 940: 920: 908:earl of Lade 896:queen mother 869: 863: 817: 813:Lincolnshire 809:Gainsborough 789: 783: 776: 768: 766: 757: 735: 729: 723: 687:Flateyjarbók 685: 683: 678: 662: 656: 653:Heimskringla 652: 650: 631: 623: 619: 613: 606: 600: 588:Heimskringla 586: 564: 554: 552: 548:Christianity 540:Gorm the Old 536:Harthacnut I 525: 513: 458: 431: 410: 406: 350: 349: 53: 52:New Minster 31: 9887:1035 deaths 9882:990s births 9831:Norse–Gaels 9748:East Anglia 9736:Northumbria 9628:(1015–1016) 9599:First Alton 9579:The Danelaw 9495:The Danelaw 9474:(893, 1001) 9332:Lindisfarne 9220:(1013–1014) 9165:Northumbria 9159:(1030–1035) 9153:(1035–1040) 9147:(1016–1035) 9141:(1035–1042) 8991:Anglo-Saxon 8925:Charles III 8910:Edward VIII 8640:Alexander I 8620:Malcolm III 8595:Kenneth III 8495:Elizabeth I 8457:Richard III 8001:Frederick V 7986:Christian V 7961:Frederick I 7918:Christian I 7906:Christopher 7589:Monarchs of 7494:Frederik IX 7489:Christian X 7430:Frederick V 7409:Christian V 7374:Frederick I 7353:Christian I 7256:Margrethe I 7192:Interregnum 6907:(1030–1035) 6898:(1028–1029) 6168:Jones, Gwyn 6114:28 December 6021:28 December 5963:28 December 5905:Bolton 2017 5862:Lawson 2004 5745:Lawson 2004 5733:Lawson 2004 5694:Lawson 2004 5682:Lawson 2004 5670:Lawson 2004 5653:Lawson 2004 5628:Lawson 2004 5603:Lawson 2004 5584:Lawson 2004 5572:Lawson 2004 5560:Lawson 2004 5545:Lawson 2004 5508:Lawson 2004 5483:Keynes 2009 5471:Lawson 2004 5434:Lawson 2004 5295:Lawson 2004 5283:Lawson 2004 5271:Sawyer 1991 5234:Lawson 2004 5206:Lawson 2004 5178:Lawson 2004 5148:Lawson 2004 5136:Lawson 2004 4984:Lawson 2004 4959:Lawson 2004 4944:Lawson 2004 4932:Lawson 2004 4920:Lawson 2004 4835:Lawson 2004 4734:Lawson 2004 4713:Lawson 2004 4594:Lawson 2004 4577:Lawson 2004 4431:Lawson 2004 4321:Lawson 2004 4255:. Methuen. 4170:Historic UK 3917:Eiríksdrápa 3882:Knútsdrápur 2511:Family tree 2436:Anglo-Saxon 2340:Shaftesbury 2308:scriptorium 2245:Glastonbury 2224:Old Minster 2219:Liber Vitae 2141:Liber Vitae 2137:. From the 2084:Further, a 2044:Sihtric dux 1939:Trondejarls 1865:Scandinavia 1846:in eastern 1686:Middle Ages 1616:Anund Jakob 1597:Anund Jacob 1538:and Reliefs 1527:in case of 1525:Inheritance 1504:Scandinavia 1425:, in 1016, 1332:East Anglia 1264:Scandinavia 1253:Cnut ruled 1090:Northumbria 927:Scandinavia 858:in Sweden ( 828:Witenagemot 712:Jomsvikings 571:Świętosława 493:Christendom 473:Norse–Gaels 454:Anglo-Norse 438:Scandinavia 417:from 1016, 339:Świętosława 215:Shaftesbury 158:Predecessor 123:Predecessor 88:Predecessor 54:Liber Vitae 9871:Categories 9789: 890 9755: 550 9551:Brunanburh 9521:Tettenhall 9503:Buttington 9356:Carhampton 9304: 970 9207: 914 9139:Harthacnut 9108:(855–?877) 9088: 881 8900:Edward VII 8890:William IV 8880:George III 8809:Charles II 8704:Robert III 8650:Malcolm IV 8625:Donald III 8600:Malcolm II 8585:Kenneth II 8467:Henry VIII 8427:Richard II 8422:Edward III 8356:William II 8329:Harthacnut 8130:Haakon VII 8124:Since 1905 8092:Charles IV 8077:Charles II 7611:, disputed 7607:rulers in 7504:Frederik X 7472:since 1863 7468:Glücksburg 7016:Canute III 6972:916 – 1042 6868:Harthacnut 6862:1018–1035 6835:1016–1035 6464:12 January 6274:required.) 6215:required.) 5520:Olsen 1992 5459:Lausavisur 4970:Thietmar, 4890:14 October 4683:G. Jones, 4643:12 October 4521:Ellis 1993 4506:16 October 4468:John, H., 4067:References 4011:Viking Age 3934:Knútsdrápa 3930:Höfuðlausn 3899:Höfuðlausn 3897:, and the 3252:Harthacnut 2492:Harthacnut 2420:cathedrals 2360:housecarls 2356:Queen Emma 2348:Harthacnut 2284:St Martial 2237:St Wigstan 2232:St Birinus 2213:St Ælfheah 2135:Winchester 2131:Hyde Abbey 2039:quatrefoil 2011:Albannaich 1981:, king of 1955:Saint Olaf 1941:, through 1824:Herjedalen 1774:Knútsdrápa 1762:Baltic Sea 1701:Canterbury 1644:housecarls 1620:Harthacnut 1585:Harthacnut 1512:King Edgar 1407:quatrefoil 1147:Penselwood 1082:Shropshire 1038:Jomvikings 906:, was the 737:Knútsdrápa 640:, wife of 622:is always 446:Malcolm II 403: 990 299:Harthacnut 248:Winchester 199: 990 162:St Olaf II 137:Harthacnut 79:Coronation 19:See also: 9836:Old Norse 9744:(527–918) 9738:(653–954) 9732:(410–825) 9726:(519–927) 9701:(866–954) 9695:(865–896) 9635:Brentford 9557:Stainmore 9545:Corbridge 9527:Tempsford 9515:The Holme 9293:(892–896) 9287:(874–890) 9281:(865–870) 9275:(865–878) 9269:(865–877) 9263:(865–870) 9246:(917–927) 9240:(874–880) 9234:(852–874) 9228:(867–872) 9196:(939–941) 9190:(921–934) 9184:(941–944) 9172:(883–895) 9134:Knýtlinga 9094:Æthelflæd 9058:(924–939) 9056:Æthelstan 9052:(899–924) 9046:(871–899) 9040:(839–858) 9038:Æthelwulf 9034:(802–839) 9013:(unk–867) 9007:(757–796) 8915:George VI 8885:George IV 8875:George II 8787:Charles I 8769:from 1603 8719:James III 8699:Robert II 8655:William I 8630:Duncan II 8558:Malcolm I 8548:Donald II 8472:Edward VI 8462:Henry VII 8447:Edward IV 8417:Edward II 8407:Henry III 8390:Richard I 8351:William I 8272:Æthelstan 8071:1814–1905 8038:Only 1814 7955:1524–1814 7912:Charles I 7890:1387–1523 7345:1448–1863 7333:Oldenburg 7310:1440–1448 7279:1397–1439 7271:Pomerania 7248:1376–1412 7241:Estridsen 7219:1376–1387 7139:Canute VI 7079:1047–1375 7071:Estridsen 7048:1042–1047 7010:Canute II 7004:Harald II 6961:Knýtlinga 6889:1028–1035 6851:Harald II 6817:Edmund II 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the 9769:Treaties 9714:English 9640:Assandun 9611:Ringmere 9383:(865–78) 9279:Hvitserk 9214:England 9127:Monarchs 9064:(946–954 9032:Ecgberht 9028:Wessex: 8905:George V 8895:Victoria 8870:George I 8739:James VI 8724:James IV 8714:James II 8687:David II 8682:Robert I 8671:Margaret 8605:Duncan I 8514:Donald I 8452:Edward V 8442:Henry VI 8432:Henry IV 8412:Edward I 8378:Henry II 8277:Edmund I 8266:Ælfweard 8224:monarchs 8218:Scottish 8140:Harald V 8097:Oscar II 7901:Eric III 7896:Margaret 7621:872–1387 7130:Canute V 7040:Fairhair 6979:Сanute I 6841:Harold I 6553:14 April 6547:Archived 6529:(1971). 6510:24 April 6504:Archived 6476:(2004). 6458:Archived 6331:16 March 6325:Archived 6244:16 March 6238:archived 6170:(1984), 6149:(1996), 6108:Archived 6063:14 April 6057:Archived 6015:Archived 6007:(1853). 5957:Archived 5762:Archived 5709:, p. 186 5614:Lawson, 5393:Hudson, 5380:Hudson, 5096:19 March 5090:Archived 5017:cite web 4910:, p. 154 4884:Archived 4761:, p. 59. 4703:, p. 57. 4687:, p. 370 4637:Archived 4554:, p. 171 4550:Sawyer, 4500:Archived 4459:, p. 92. 4388:Snorri, 4358:Snorri, 4332:Cantor, 4263:22 April 4257:Archived 4234:22 April 4228:Archived 4143:Archived 3995:See also 3939:valcyrie 3904:Tøgdrápa 3660:Margaret 3636:Wulfnoth 3632:Leofwine 3511:Cristina 3125:Ealdgyth 2392:Gunhilda 2368:Flanders 2262:made in 2252:Chartres 2198:Wulfstan 2174:Roskilde 2079:Galloway 2075:Uí Ímair 2067:Maelbeth 2063:Maelcolm 2023:Uí Néill 1983:Leinster 1908:Hebrides 1906:and the 1842:and not 1820:Jemtland 1789:— 1714:— 1636:Roskilde 1601:Jomsborg 1577:Ulf Jarl 1463:— 1379:Bamburgh 1375:Bernicia 1348:Leofwine 1309:heregeld 1304:Danegeld 1277:Æthelred 1163:Sherston 1151:Somerset 1086:Cheshire 1042:Jomsborg 992:— 981:Encomium 971:Somerset 836:Sandwich 832:Normandy 805:Normandy 803:fled to 801:Æthelred 781:— 728:and the 708:Jomsborg 628:Bolesław 624:Burislav 608:Vindland 602:Burislav 563:and the 477:dioceses 450:Scotland 102:Harold I 9799:Culture 9693:Danelaw 9659:Fulford 9318:Battles 9291:Hastein 9285:Guthrum 9170:Guthred 8823:Mary II 8729:James V 8709:James I 8645:David I 8610:Macbeth 8542:Eochaid 8437:Henry V 8372:Matilda 8366:Stephen 8361:Henry I 8222:British 8216:, 8214:English 8087:Oscar I 7709:Ælfgifu 7609:italics 7521:Italics 7227:Olaf II 6998:Sweyn I 6794:at the 6729:4049386 5915:Sources 5768:12 June 5618:, p.126 5535:, p.129 5355:Ellis, 5247:Scandia 5114:, p.373 5112:Vikings 5110:Jones, 5007:16 July 4685:Vikings 4208:Article 4053:Swedish 4040:Knud II 3978:in his 3943:kenning 3838:Cnut's 3628:Ælfgifu 3624:Gunhild 3141:Herleva 2424:castles 2320:pallium 2304:library 2296:scholar 2292:artisan 2288:apostle 2272:Cologne 2256:psalter 2190:St Olaf 2154:Lambert 2144:in the 1910:led to 1861:Sigtuna 1852:Sigtuna 1844:the one 1840:Uppland 1730:Rudolph 1697:pallium 1677:of the 1536:Heriots 1516:Danelaw 1490:1024–30 1421:At the 1417:1017–23 1411:obverse 1409:on the 1356:Leofric 1279:'s son 1255:England 1046:Danelaw 923:Vikings 824:Danelaw 749:Norwich 740:by the 671:Gunhild 663:Gunhild 597:Gunhild 497:pallium 469:Ireland 259:Spouses 223:England 178:Co-King 9742:Mercia 9724:Wessex 9699:Jorvik 9679:Places 9667:(1066) 9661:(1066) 9652:(1066) 9613:(1010) 9607:(1002) 9601:(1001) 9595:(1001) 9587:Maldon 9306:–1024) 9120:Viking 9062:Eadred 8734:Mary I 8615:Lulach 8579:Amlaíb 8573:Cuilén 8563:Indulf 8489:Philip 8484:Mary I 8287:Eadwig 8282:Eadred 8155:Regent 8135:Olav V 7700:& 7694:& 7676:& 7670:& 7652:& 7592:Norway 7211:Bjälbo 6773:Cnut 3 6767:Canute 6727: 6709:Albion 6674: 6664: 6614: 6595: 6570: 6539: 6496: 6450: 6430: 6408: 6378: 6348: 6317: 6287: 6268: 6230: 6209: 6180: 6135: 6100: 6080: 6049: 5980: 5949: 5847:5 July 5705:Trow, 5639:Trow, 5531:Trow, 5445:Trow, 5306:Trow, 5220:Trow, 5192:Trow, 5164:Trow, 5082: 4876: 4757:Trow, 4699:Trow, 4629: 4605:Trow, 4492: 4455:Trow, 4345:Trow, 4140:"Cnut" 4111: 4031:Danish 3970:(1848) 3847:skalds 3840:skalds 3634:& 3282:Agatha 2787:Gunnor 2686:Sprota 2500:, wed 2380:regent 2364:Bruges 2344:Dorset 2228:shrine 2205:relics 2194:Lyfing 2182:skalds 2170:Exeter 2107:Gaelic 2017:, the 2005:, the 1997:, the 1985:, and 1975:Dublin 1916:Norway 1912:Orkney 1848:Scania 1758:Schlei 1624:regent 1532:, and 1497:sinful 1431:Norway 1387:Sussex 1383:Godwin 1367:Siward 1352:Hwicce 1316:shires 1206:Ashdon 1178:Otford 1140:Wessex 1070:Uhtred 1066:Mercia 1058:Thames 1008:, the 1002:Wessex 963:Dorset 955:Wessex 880:Polish 874:, the 797:Humber 793:Viking 716:Wollin 700:Sigurd 675:Harald 638:Sweden 413:, was 407:Canute 335:Mother 325:Father 229:Burial 219:Dorset 57:, 1031 9778:(886) 9757:–918) 9589:(991) 9559:(954) 9553:(937) 9547:(918) 9541:(918) 9535:(917) 9533:Derby 9529:(917) 9523:(910) 9517:(902) 9511:(894) 9505:(893) 9486:(894) 9480:(893) 9468:(886) 9462:(878) 9448:(878) 9442:(878) 9436:(877) 9430:(871) 9424:(871) 9418:(871) 9412:(871) 9406:(870) 9398:(867) 9392:(867) 9364:(851) 9358:(843) 9352:(842) 9346:(838) 9340:(835) 9334:(793) 9209:–921) 9102:(878) 9090:–911) 8635:Edgar 8535:Giric 8401:Louis 8308:Sweyn 8170:Also 8164:Also 8158:Also 7544:Also 7537:Also 7530:Also 7111:Niels 6892:with 6725:JSTOR 6360:Summa 5841:(PDF) 5830:(PDF) 5395:Knutr 5382:Knutr 4017:Notes 3947:Freyr 3620:Gyrth 2580:Rollo 2563:Thyra 2400:Italy 2312:Cluny 2270:) to 2099:Irish 2092:skald 2073:, an 1832:Særna 1632:chess 1589:Wends 1565:Wends 1444:codex 1324:earls 1210:Essex 1182:Essex 1165:, in 959:Frome 884:Wends 860:U 194 854:This 742:skald 616:sagas 579:Norse 461:Danes 388:Knútr 314:House 281:Issue 150:Reign 115:Reign 70:Reign 9877:Cnut 9730:Kent 9273:Ubba 9145:Cnut 8865:Anne 8828:Anne 8821:and 8677:John 8486:and 8478:Jane 8395:John 8319:Cnut 7923:John 7691:Cnut 7360:John 7158:Abel 6672:ISSN 6662:ISBN 6612:ISBN 6593:ISBN 6568:ISBN 6555:2020 6537:ISBN 6512:2021 6494:ISBN 6466:2020 6448:ISBN 6428:ISBN 6406:ISBN 6376:ISBN 6346:ISBN 6333:2020 6315:ISBN 6285:ISBN 6246:2020 6228:ISBN 6178:ISBN 6133:ISBN 6116:2019 6098:ISBN 6078:ISBN 6065:2020 6047:ISBN 6023:2019 5978:ISBN 5965:2019 5947:ISBN 5849:2015 5770:2009 5718:The 5707:Cnut 5641:Cnut 5616:Cnut 5533:Cnut 5447:Cnut 5308:Cnut 5222:Cnut 5194:Cnut 5166:Cnut 5098:2020 5080:ISBN 5023:link 5009:2024 4892:2021 4874:ISBN 4759:Cnut 4701:Cnut 4645:2021 4627:ISBN 4607:Cnut 4508:2021 4490:ISBN 4457:Cnut 4347:Cnut 4265:2024 4236:2024 4198:1912 4177:2023 4109:ISBN 3901:and 3893:and 3867:and 2485:2 – 2463:1 – 2422:and 2306:and 2258:and 2243:and 1914:and 1889:Lade 1830:and 1828:Idre 1810:The 1746:Mark 1703:and 1693:Rome 1675:Rome 1614:and 1260:980s 1084:and 1072:the 1016:, a 969:and 965:and 840:Kent 704:Jarl 669:and 618:the 553:The 501:Rome 467:and 351:Cnut 209:Died 192:Born 37:Cnut 21:Knut 8568:Dub 8528:Áed 6775:at 6717:doi 6696:doi 6692:107 6486:doi 6368:doi 6260:doi 6201:doi 4037:or 3915:'s 3907:by 3885:by 2366:in 2278:of 2241:Ely 2133:in 1748:of 1567:of 1534:On 1523:On 1334:to 1161:at 1149:in 838:in 811:in 706:of 591:by 559:of 483:'s 448:of 341:or 9873:: 9786:c. 9752:c. 9301:c. 9204:c. 9085:c. 7180:/ 7146:/ 7132:/ 7128:/ 6970:c. 6723:. 6713:16 6711:. 6690:. 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