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or "Jack" coach of the type imported from the United States by Cobb & Co in the 1850s and 1860s survives. According to
Deborah Tranter, while Australian built stagecoaches utilized the thorough-brace technology found on the Concord coach, they were generally smaller, lighter, straighter in line
265:
In 1860, Cobb & Co introduced its massive "Leviathan" coach on the
Geelong-Ballarat service. Built in Ballarat by Morgan's coach works, "Leviathan" could accommodate up to sixty passengers and was drawn by a team of eight horses. The interior was fitted with five benches, and included a ladies'
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every 10–15 miles along a stagecoach "line" often at inns or hotels that could also cater for the needs of drivers and passengers. As historian Susan
Priestley notes, "Coach lines did not attempt to compete with... railways. Instead, as rail lines extended, coaches were transferred to feeder routes
749:
The Cobb & Co
Festival (Australia's Last Run) was held on 16–25 August 2024, celebrating 100 years since the last horse-drawn stagecoach service from Surat to Yuleba on 14 August 1924. An estimated 20,000 people attended the festival. It included a re-enactment of the last stagecoach journey
337:
In 1871, the formal links between the
Victorian Cobb & Co (taken over by Robertson and Wagner) and Rutherford's New South Wales and Queensland operation were finally dissolved, although harmonious relations continued. In Victoria coaches carrying the name "Cobb & Co" were operated by four
293:
with great publicity to announce and establish Cobb & Co's presence. Bathurst became the headquarters of a new syndicate led by
Rutherford and four others. Rutherford had intended to spend 6 months in Bathurst, but stayed on to the end of his days, becoming one of the city's leading citizens.
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Of the
Australian built coaches, the Powerhouse Museum states "The coaches designed and built in Australia by Cobb & Co. at Bathurst and later Charleville altered the "U" shape of the Concord coach to a more rectangular shape. These were cheaper to build and featured large open windows more
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In May 1856, the four partners sold out. Cobb and Lamber returned to the US while
Swanton continued in coaching for a few more years. John Peck stayed in Melbourne, eventually establishing a stock and station agency. Passing through the hands of a number of owners, Cobb & Co rose to greater
430:
myth" and Cobb & Co with its colourful drivers and managers easily fell into this tradition. Writer Sam
Everingham also notes that Cobb & Co was "the first great home grown service provider Australia had known... Born out of the country's gold rushes, the name Cobb & Co has come to
472:
Cobb & Co's operations across
Australia were eventually superseded by the expansion of railway networks, the arrival of cheap, reliable automobiles and the emergence of air mail. In 1920, the Charleville coachworks closed and by 1921, Cobb & Co in Queensland had lost most of its mail
369:
in 1866 after several years of ruinous competition. Its ownership was held by four interests of a quarter each. One quarter by Canadians, Peleg Whitford Jackson & Jasper Bingham Meggs; one quarter by Fuller, Hill & Co; one quarter by Joseph Darwent and one quarter by Rounsevell's son
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commenced, running twice a week. Services soon expanded into all parts of Queensland and otherwise isolated communities were able to maintain regular contact with the rest of the world. In 1881 the business was transferred to a limited liability company with a capital of £50,000. The largest
141:
Although the Queensland branch of the company made an effort to transition to automobiles in the early 20th century, high overhead costs and the growth of alternative transport options for mail, including rail and air, saw the final demise of Cobb & Co. The last Australian Cobb & Co
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contracts running out of Charleville. The company also had a vast amount of debt due to over-expansion into industries like wool. Rutherford had died in 1911 the same year the Company approved its first purchase of motor vehicles. In New South Wales the last coach probably ran on the
377:
Such was the renown of Cobb & Co that the name was also used on coaches operating beyond Australia. Charles Cole, and Henry and Charles Hoyt, who had operated coaches in Victoria, started businesses using the same name in New Zealand in 1863 and, very briefly, in Japan in 1868.
425:
in 1897, the days of coaching were already coming to an end in Victoria and New South Wales and Australia was an increasingly urbanised society. The nationalistic art, music and writing of late 19th-century Australia romanticized a pioneering rural or
504:
Gordon Studdert, a former employee, kept the Cobb & Co name as his Surat store business name until his death in 1955. Following a legal case and settlement with Studdert, the Cobb & Co name was acquired by the Redmans Transport company of
189:, John Murray Peck, James Swanton and John B. Lamber. At first they traded as the "American Telegraph Line of Coaches," a name that emphasized speed and progressiveness. With financial support from another newly arrived US businessman
228:
used thorough-brace technology, on which thick straps of leather suspended the body of the vehicle, providing passengers with greater comfort on the rough country roads when compared to coaches with traditional steel-springs.
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In addition to reproductions, a number of original Cobb & Co stagecoaches still exist in varying states of preservation. Often repainted in the 20th century, the provenance of some is now difficult to determine.
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local coaching firms running particular routes by mutual agreement and cooperation. In time, successive operators of the various Victorian stagecoach lines would continue to use the trading name Cobb & Co.
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Within a few years, Cobb & Co had established a reputation for efficiency, speed and reliability, although they had not won any of the lucrative mail contracts. Their imported
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Cobb & Co has become an established part of Australian folklore commemorated in art, literature and on screen. Today the name is used by a number of Australian bus operators.
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5 per day with an additional two shillings and sixpence (£-/2/6) for each meal and bed. A driver's wage was in the vicinity of £10 to £14 per week, with free meals.
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Rutherford established a Cobb & Co buggy and coachworks in Bathurst, and the firm also began to invest in properties — the first being "Buckiinguy" station near
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from Surat to Yuleba using a replica Cobb & Co coach leading a cavalcade of more than 300 people travelling on horseback, buggies, wagons and bullocks.
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in 1895 modelling the figures on "local townspeople including (Cobb & Co) stagecoach driver 'Silent Bob Bates' who had been held up by local bushranger
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and had less room for passengers than the US coaches. Coaches built at the Charleville coachworks were generally designed for either 8 or 14 passengers.
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An Australian-built stagecoach, possibly also built at the Cobb & Co factory in Charleville in the late 19th century, is in the collection of the
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Two stagecoaches, numbered 48 and 100, built in Charleville, Queensland in the late 19th century, are in the National Carriage Collection at the
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was the name used by many successful sometimes quite independent Australian coaching businesses. The first was established in 1853 by American
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In the separate colony of South Australia an independent Cobb & Co Limited took over the South Australian mail and coach business of
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in Queensland on 14 August 1924. With the rapid decline in wool prices in 1929, Cobb & Co Queensland finally went into liquidation.
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transport enterprise in Queensland it ran some 3000 horses a total of around 10,000 miles a week. A large coachworks was established at
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MBE (1905–1973). Bolton also collected and preserved several Cobb & Co. horse-drawn coaches, now in the Toowoomba-based museum.
438:. Everingham notes that Cobb & Co's expansion into New South Wales coincided with an increase in the number of armed hold-ups by
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633:. Often described as the "Nowlands Coach," it was owned and operated by Nowlands Line of Coaches in the Liverpool Plains district.
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took his family to South Africa in 1871 to establish a Cobb & Co Ltd stagecoach service with Charles Cole, operating between
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442:. At least nine coaches were attacked in the Bathurst district in the seven months after the company established itself there.
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carrying passengers and mail to various Australian goldfields, and later to many regional and remote areas of the Australian
1741:
McCormick, P.D. (Peter Dodds). Advance Australia fair; Paterson, A. B. (Andrew Barton), 1864–1941. Waltzing Matilda (1982),
1895:
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254:, who like Cobb had arrived during the gold rush. Rutherford's partners included Alexander William Robertson, John Wagner,
1905:
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services and won a monopoly on major mail contracts. By 1870 most of Victoria was serviced by a network of coach routes.
590:. Imported by F.B. Clapp and Co, c1869 and used in the Ballarat area. It is preserved in original condition and held by
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and his partners. The name Cobb & Co grew to great prominence in the late 19th century, when it was carried by many
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represent the pioneering spirit, a willingness to battle against the odds, to reliably connect far-flung communities."
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Through the later 19th century travel by Cobb & Co coach was increasingly romanticized in literature but when
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298:, New South Wales. On the road, Cobb & Co began buying out or forcing out many New South Wales competitors.
374:. This business was taken over by John Hill and Company and years later was merged into Graves, Hill & Co.
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In 1865 Cobb & Co again expanded, this time into Queensland. The first Cobb & Co service in
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prominence after 1861 when it was bought by a consortium of partners led by another North American,
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600:. It is believed to have been the last mail coach to operate commercially in Victoria — in 1916.
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1481:"Cobb & Co mail and passenger coach, 1890, Powerhouse Museum, object description and notes"
1245:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 13 September 1913. p. 2 Section: Second Section
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939:. Bowen Hills, Queensland: Queensland Women's Historical Association Inc. pp. 19, 20.
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in 1916. Australia's last horse-drawn stagecoach service was run by Cobb & Co from
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1213:. Vol. XIX, no. 473. New South Wales, Australia. 20 April 1921. p. 8.
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suitable to the Australian climate. The famous thoroughbrace suspension remained."
138:. The same name was used in New Zealand and Freeman Cobb used it in South Africa.
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Another stagecoach built in Charleville, Queensland, c1890 is preserved at the
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1718:. No. 13, 962. New South Wales, Australia. 6 September 1924. p. 13.
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1181:. Vol. 45, no. 1. Queensland, Australia. 6 January 1949. p. 4.
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1063:"The Lights of Cobb and Co: Coaching between Brisbane and Gympie in the 1860s"
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A stagecoach is on display at the Cambridge Downs Heritage Display Centre,
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is on display in the Visitor Information Centre, Bathurst, New South Wales.
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Another stagecoach, possibly built in Geelong, Victoria c1880, is held by
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compartment in the front. There were a further seven benches on the roof.
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in 1886. It turned out a variety of vehicles including over 120 coaches.
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A locally built stagecoach is on public display in the main street of
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909:. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 10 June 1922. p. 7.
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Chinese passengers leaving for the diggings by Cobb & Co. coach,
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Jones, Iwan (26 August 2024). "Cobb & Co fest pulls big crowd".
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In June 1862, Rutherford oversaw the extension of the business into
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Carrying cash and gold, coaches were famously a regular target of
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1337:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
1151:. Queensland Museum, National Library of Australia. p. 13.
619:
326:
295:
193:, they arranged the importation of several US-built wagons and
967:. NSW: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. 61–63.
1744:
Australia, our land, our music : Australiana collection
1128:. National Library of Australia. 1 September 1917. p. 3
1388:
City Bushmen; the Heidelberg School and the Rural Mythology
197:. By early 1854, Cobb & Co operated a daily service to
1686:"How the Fire Queen Crossed the Swamp by William Ogilvie"
485:
routes in 1913 while the last coach ran in Victoria from
1060:
305:
Cobb & Co Coach, Kallangur, Queensland, unknown date
1608:"Museum Victoria, Australian built Cobb & Co Coach"
520:
in western New South Wales commemorates Cobb & Co.
245:
c 1890. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland
181:
in 1853 at the height of the excitement created by the
725:
was inspired by the life of Freeman Cobb and starred
409:
Tom Roberts' 1895 painting "Bailed Up," painted near
757:
269:
877:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Australian History
714:
now on double CD: EMI – 8146732 or Axis CDAX 701475
1660:"National Museum of Australia Nowlands Mail Coach"
1016:
341:In the 1870s, the fare for the 460km journey from
1810:"Retracing the Historic Cobb & Co Mail Route"
1390:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 2.
421:wrote the famous poem forewarning of its demise;
1867:
1335:Australian Dictionary of Biography: Freeman Cobb
59:. State Library of Victoria, Picture Collection.
1507:"Museum Victoria, object description and notes"
1269:Heritage Australia, March 1, 2006. Jeff Powell"
989:"Cobb & Co. – an Australian transport icon"
690:(1869–1963) mentions Cobb & Co in his poem
1634:"Cobb & Co mail and passenger coach, 1890"
930:
928:
205:and, soon afterwards, expanded the service to
177:The original Cobb & Co was established in
1581:"Museums Victoria Collections, Concord Coach"
1413:Wild Ride: The Rise and Fall of Cobb & Co
1303:Wildride, The Rise and Fall of Cobb & Co,
221:and were timetabled to link in with trains."
1764:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1446:"Tom Roberts "Bailed Up" Art Gallery of NSW"
1361:"The Lights of Cobb and Co. by Henry Lawson"
1092:Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)
1061:Christina Ealing-Godbold (20 January 2023).
686:Scottish-Australian poet and bush balladeer
400:
958:
956:
925:
360:
1784:"Whiplash – Classic Australian Television"
1768:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1730:– via National Library of Australia.
1410:
1225:– via National Library of Australia.
1193:– via National Library of Australia.
937:Petries Bight: a Slice of Brisbane History
1096:Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback
962:
636:An Australian built stagecoach is in the
381:Although he never returned to Australia,
232:
1901:Australian companies established in 1853
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1876:Transport companies established in 1853
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216:Cobb & Co's horses were changed at
30:For Cobb & Co. in New Zealand, see
14:
1868:
1860:Blogs about the history of Cobb and Co
1640:from the original on 19 September 2016
1542:from the original on 27 September 2016
1536:"Production Notes Cobb & Co Coach"
1487:from the original on 19 September 2016
1367:from the original on 24 September 2015
1237:"A Man's Duty is to Serve His Country"
934:
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209:, as well as other goldfields such as
1838:
1149:Cobb & Co: Coaching in Queensland
830:
744:
669:
582:An imported "Concord" coach built by
1790:from the original on 24 October 2007
1311:from the original on 14 October 2016
1229:
1052:This Knowledge article incorporates
1014:
852:A Pictorial History of Cobb & Co
692:How the Fire Queen crossed the swamp
523:
285:. Rutherford moved ten coaches from
1891:1927 disestablishments in Australia
1722:from the original on 26 August 2024
1614:from the original on 26 August 2024
1560:For example, see Museum Victoria's
1217:from the original on 26 August 2024
1185:from the original on 26 August 2024
1098:. State of Queensland. p. 11.
1029:from the original on 26 August 2024
913:from the original on 26 August 2024
24:
1820:from the original on 1 August 2024
1341:from the original on 13 March 2016
694:, as well as the self-named poem,
185:by four newly arrived Americans –
25:
1917:
1853:
1692:from the original on 16 July 2011
965:The Victorians: Making Their Mark
547:A replica Cobb & Co coach at
270:Expansion into NSW and Queensland
1881:Transport companies of Australia
1587:from the original on 2 June 2021
1452:from the original on 25 May 2022
1047:
788:
774:
760:
516:The 598-kilometre (372 mi)
152:
49:
34:. For the restaurant chain, see
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1666:from the original on 9 May 2012
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1563:"1880 coach Object Description"
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1267:On the tracks of Cobb & Co,
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1140:
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712:Australia — Our Land, Our Music
710:, at one time available on LPs
1862:, State Library of Queensland.
1712:""The lights of Cobb and Co.""
1470:Everingham (2007) pp. 281–294.
1415:. Penguin Books. p. 292.
1205:"In the Days of Cobb & Co"
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1041:
1008:
981:
893:
868:
389:and the new diamond fields at
13:
1:
823:
321:. In 1868, a service between
27:Australian stagecoach company
1018:"Cobb & Co's golden era"
1015:Begg, Peter (6 March 2023).
818:Cobb & Co. (New Zealand)
732:A major residential road in
627:National Museum of Australia
32:Cobb & Co. (New Zealand)
7:
1896:Bus companies of Queensland
1435:Everingham (2007) pp. 63–65
1331:"Cobb, Freeman (1830–1878)"
1071:State Library of Queensland
1005:Retrieved 19 September 2016
753:
708:The Ballad of Cobb & Co
532:A replica concord coach at
423:The Lights of Cobb & Co
36:Cobb & Co. (restaurant)
10:
1922:
1906:Coachbuilders of Australia
696:The lights of Cobb and Co.
29:
1147:Tranter, Deborah (1990).
963:Priestley, Susan (1984).
678:Cobb & Co Stables in
638:Western Australian Museum
467:
401:Cobb & Co in folklore
113:
88:
80:
72:
64:
48:
1523:Tranter (1990) pps.54–57
1411:Everingham, Sam (2007).
464:three decades earlier."
361:Beyond Eastern Australia
161:Rhoden's Halfway House,
1386:Astbury, Leigh (1985).
854:. Adelaide: Rigby Ltd.
558:Cobb & Co coach at
241:Cobb & Co coach at
1886:Transport in Australia
1814:Cobb & Co Festival
850:Austin, K. A. (1977).
729:as "Christopher Cobb."
719:The television series
682:
654:A stagecoach built in
563:
551:
540:
448:, a key member of the
414:
306:
278:following news of the
246:
233:Under James Rutherford
174:
169:for the Cobb & Co
1569:on 17 September 2016.
1513:on 11 September 2015.
935:Hacker, D.R. (1999).
875:Bassett, Jan (1986).
677:
584:Abbot-Downing Company
557:
546:
531:
408:
304:
240:
160:
57:Castlemaine, Victoria
1597:Accessed 29 May 2021
1301:"Webpage updates of
995:on 10 September 2016
809:Cobb & Co Museum
738:Cobb & Co. Drive
734:Oxenford, Queensland
663:Richmond, Queensland
649:Hay, New South Wales
605:Cobb & Co Museum
226:Concord stagecoaches
195:Concord stagecoaches
183:Victorian goldrushes
1716:The Daily Telegraph
901:"Old Coaching Days"
462:Captain Thunderbolt
256:Walter Russell Hall
165:, built in 1863 at
45:
1023:Geelong Advertiser
879:. Melbourne: OUP.
745:Centenary festival
683:
670:Other remembrances
564:
552:
541:
415:
367:William Rounsevell
307:
247:
243:Winton, Queensland
175:
142:stagecoach ran in
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616:Powerhouse Museum
524:Preserved coaches
450:Heidelberg School
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16:(Redirected from
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146:in August 1924.
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1281:on 6 March 2017
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1589:. Retrieved
1575:
1567:the original
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1276:the original
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993:the original
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383:Freeman Cobb
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313:was between
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191:George Train
187:Freeman Cobb
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132:stagecoaches
128:Freeman Cobb
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96:Freeman Cobb
65:Company type
40:
1210:Sydney Mail
1059:text from:
704:Lionel Long
511:Bill Bolton
452:, painted "
446:Tom Roberts
440:bushrangers
436:bushrangers
332:Charleville
18:Cobb and Co
1870:Categories
1670:22 January
1456:12 January
1076:28 January
824:References
642:Kalgoorlie
549:Timbertown
483:Brewarrina
351:Queensland
311:Queensland
144:Queensland
1824:26 August
1644:25 August
1491:25 August
1054:CC-BY-4.0
917:9 October
906:The Argus
813:Toowoomba
736:is named
609:Toowoomba
566:Only one
509:, run by
507:Toowoomba
487:Casterton
454:Bailed Up
397:in 1878.
391:Kimberley
283:gold rush
260:Victorian
179:Melbourne
171:Gippsland
76:Transport
1818:Archived
1788:Archived
1760:citation
1726:28 April
1720:Archived
1690:Archived
1664:Archived
1638:Archived
1612:Archived
1585:Archived
1540:Archived
1485:Archived
1450:Archived
1371:15 March
1365:Archived
1339:Archived
1309:Archived
1242:The Mail
1221:28 April
1215:Archived
1189:28 April
1183:Archived
1094:(2002).
1057:licensed
1027:Archived
911:Archived
754:See also
722:Whiplash
656:Bathurst
631:Canberra
560:Tumblong
538:Ballarat
479:Goodooga
458:Inverell
411:Inverell
323:Brisbane
319:Brisbane
291:Bathurst
211:Ballarat
167:Pakenham
1794:3 March
1696:3 March
1285:24 July
1033:6 March
568:Concord
456:" near
315:Ipswich
287:Bendigo
207:Geelong
203:Bendigo
136:outback
114:Defunct
89:Founder
81:Founded
68:Private
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1618:16 May
1591:29 May
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620:Sydney
499:Yuleba
468:Demise
327:Gympie
296:Nyngan
218:stages
1279:(PDF)
1272:(PDF)
562:, NSW
495:Surat
475:Hebel
413:, NSW
343:Dalby
173:route
73:Genre
1826:2024
1796:2008
1770:link
1766:link
1753:2017
1728:2021
1698:2008
1672:2012
1646:2016
1620:2022
1593:2021
1548:2016
1493:2016
1458:2022
1417:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1373:2012
1347:2016
1317:2016
1287:2020
1251:2012
1223:2021
1191:2021
1153:ISBN
1134:2014
1100:ISBN
1078:2023
1067:Blog
1035:2023
1001:2016
969:ISBN
941:ISBN
919:2012
881:ISBN
856:ISBN
428:bush
347:Roma
325:and
317:and
201:and
117:1927
84:1853
640:at
629:in
618:in
607:in
586:of
497:to
489:to
349:in
345:to
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
