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fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat-exchange flue channels, to enable a charge of solid fuel (mixed with an adequate amount of air) to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures, in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions, the external surface temperature of the masonry heater (except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door(s)) does not exceed 110 °C (230 °F)."
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344:-like passage created out of firebrick to release gases and smoke from the wood fire slowly, allowing the firebrick to retain as much heat as possible from the gases and smoke. The ceramic tile surrounding the stove also acts as insulation to retain heat. Such stoves were carefully designed so that the minimum amount of heat would escape, only as much as needed to warm the
263:), soapstone, tile, stone, stucco, or a combination of materials, rather than steel or cast iron. It usually requires special support to bear its weight. It consists of a firebox and heat-exchange channels or partitions that provide additional surface area. These absorb heat from the hot exhaust gases before the gases exit into the
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uneven expansion from causing cracking in the exterior. There are two general ways this concern is addressed. One is to incorporate a gap between the inner core of the heater and its outer "skin". The other is to build a more monolithic design with post-tension aspects to mechanically compensate for expansion and contraction.
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Some contemporary masonry heaters do not have a ceramic-tile exterior. Instead, the refractory bricks are covered by a heat-resistant kind of plaster. A glass door allows the burning fire to be seen. As in the past, once the firewood has burned, the warmed mass of the stove continues to radiate heat,
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The
Russian stove, another typical masonry heater, evolved in Russia in 15th century, after the brick flue was added to the traditional black-fired fireplace, which lacked the smokestack and vented directly into the room. The addition of the flue allowed for the better heat utilisation by passing the
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Traditional
Finnish stoves closely follow the round Swedish tile heater in appearance, typically constructed from brick. In the late 19th century the idea of using sheet metal rings, instead of tile, caught on in Finland. The first mention of using metal to cover the heater can be found in a Swedish
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for cooking, which sometimes used a secondary fireplace to quickly cook foods without heating the whole affair; all covered with an outer brick shell, normally with a pedestal for a kitchen work and beds built into it. The stove was usually constructed by one of the house's walls, or, in the larger,
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Heat stress is a major concern during the construction of masonry heaters. Differences in temperature inside the masonry core of the heater can result in differential expansion. A skilled heater mason knows how to provide for this stress when designing and constructing the heater, thereby preventing
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Masonry takes longer to heat than metal; however, once warm, the heater will radiate this heat over a much longer period of time and at a much lower temperature than a metal stove would use (the metal is hot only when there is a fire burning inside the stove and for a short time thereafter). Seating
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is still in production in
Finland. Modern developments include glass doors, and the secondary combustion of flue gasses via the introduction of fresh air above the flames help meet modern standards. The heater might be built from different materials other than the traditional brick. Brick is still
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as a "vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg (1,760 lb), excluding the chimney and masonry heater base. In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat from a solid fuel
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278:
The speed with which a stove, masonry or otherwise, achieves the right temperature is determined by the specific thickness and characteristics of the materials used in its construction. Very responsive metal heaters warm up faster and are good for quicker adjustments to indoor temperature. Less
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Advantages of covering the heater in sheet metal include the near-elimination of smoke leaks into the room, in turn allowing the heater to be fired more often and to hotter temperatures than its tiled counterpart, which could develop cracks and leak smoke if treated in a similar way. The metal
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385:, 'knees' or 'bends') before allowing it into the smokestack. The large thermal mass of these bends captured the heat, slowly releasing it afterwards. The typical Russian stove is a large, generally cuboid mass of masonry, usually weighing around 1–2 tons, built in the center of a traditional
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and even beds can be built adjoining the masonry stove; this is possible because the heater's exterior surfaces are cool enough to touch safely. The characteristic of slow heat-release can make a masonry heater a more convenient option for heating a house than a metal wood stove.
441:
325:(cocklestove) is a relatively large home heater surrounded with ceramic tile, which has existed for at least five centuries. During the Renaissance period in Germany, the builders of such stoves were part of a distinct trade and were called
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used but in modern heaters the firebox itself is made from high temperature firebrick, the rest of the heater is made from cheaper bricks. In traditional heaters the inside of the firebox was often covered with clay mortar for protection.
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periods. Archaeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings, to radiate into the living spaces. These early forms eventually evolved into modern systems.
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Clay mortar instead of cement was used in the construction, the chimney exit was often placed at the base of the heater so that the heater could be free standing due to movement from thermal expansion and contraction.
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patent application dating to 1878. The metal-clad heater did not catch on in Sweden, but became the most popular masonry heater type in
Finland. The metal was typically left bare and was constructed from
528:. It is common in Eastern Europe to modify these heaters so that they are connected to the gas network and are fuelled with gas. Some modern models incorporate electric heating elements connected to a
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348:
to maintain a proper air draught. The firebrick used in the construction holds 80% more heat than ferrous metals such as cast iron, while its heat conductivity is 1/45 that of iron or steel. A
267:. When not being fired, the connection from the masonry heater to the chimney sometimes has a damper to prevent heat from escaping up the chimney; the heat is then radiated from the masonry.
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Since masonry heaters burn hot and fast, they can accept any dry, split wood, usually three to five inches (8 to 13 cm) in diameter. These heaters are sometimes effectively fired using
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multi-room houses, was placed in one of the walls, in which case the room without the fireplace, and thus the smoke, but heated by the brick side of the stove, was called
99:
415:('light one') and used as a living room, while the other was used as a kitchen. The small spaces left behind the stove and under its log foundation were called
220:
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responsive heaters take longer to warm, but they are better suited for long periods of cold weather because they store and provide heat over a longer period.
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surface was also easy to keep clean. The rings are reusable and once the masonry heater was worn out it could be torn down and rebuilt with new bricks.
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but the sizes of the flue passages of modern masonry heaters are more exactly calculated to provide increased efficiency and output and use less wood.
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and exhaust of a single fire. In
Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia, these stoves evolved in many different forms and names: for example the
532:. The electric heating is required to prevent the building from freezing damage should it be left unattended for long periods during the winter.
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127:), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period. Masonry heaters covered in tile are called
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A classic
Scandinavian style round ceramic stove, which fits in the corner of a room, from the porcelaine manufacturer
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is efficient enough to warm a house for up to 6 to 12 hours after the fire has stopped burning.
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Evidence found from 5,000 BC of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed
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hearth, often large enough for a grown man to fit into, with a flue continuing into a
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that were used as multifunctional heating sources. Later evolutions came in the Roman
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Masonry
Heaters: Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun
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Masonry
Heaters: Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun
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Masonry
Heaters: Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun
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oven' for the metal-clad version) and the
Swedish stove (in Swedish:
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139:). The technology has existed in different forms, from back into the
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946:(Vol. 214, No. 1 ed.). Popular Science, Bonnier Corporation.
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The Book of Masonry Stoves: Rediscovering an Old Way of Warming
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log hut, covered in stucco and carefully whitewashed.
223:. The Chinese developed the same principle into their
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427:('under the stove'), and used as dry, warm storage.
119:) is a device for warming an interior space through
1012:by David Lyle (Chelsea Green Publishing Co., 1984)
999:by Ken Matesz (Chelsea Green Publishing Co., 2010)
940:"Tile stoves: efficient and elegant wood burners"
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968:Stockholm, E. A. Wiman (13 February 1878),
882:. Chelsea Green Publishing Co. p. xv.
574:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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594:Learn how and when to remove this message
392:Most Russian stoves consist of a massive
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
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50:This article includes a list of general
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448:Vidoe of a masonry heater in Finland.
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56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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912:. Chelsea Green Publishing Co.
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230:A masonry heater is defined by
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469:in Swedish-speaking regions.
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369:smoke and gases through the
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107:in Stockholm, c. 1900
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906:Matesz, Ken (2010).
876:Matesz, Ken (2010).
568:improve this section
251:, built around 1959.
221:Carl Johan Cronstedt
306:Schleissheim Palace
835:Rocket mass heater
536:Modern development
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232:ASTM International
203:, 'tile oven', or
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1005:978-1-60358-213-1
857:Woodburning stove
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188:Русская печь
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32:Masonry oven
319:The German
313: 1720
200:kaakeliuuni
133:tile stoves
77:August 2011
69:introducing
18:Cocklestove
1043:Fireplaces
1037:Categories
980:2021-12-10
863:References
530:thermostat
496:pönttöuuni
483:pönttöuuni
460:pönttöuuni
351:kachelofen
337:kachelofen
322:kachelofen
297:Kachelofen
285:Kachelofen
206:pönttöuuni
164:kachelofen
141:Neoglacial
129:Kachelofen
52:references
952:0161-7370
847:Fireplace
821:(Chinese)
819:bed-stove
810:Hypocaust
612:soapstone
555:does not
424:podpechye
412:svetlitsa
394:firebrick
261:firebrick
194:pystyuuni
170:steinofen
158:hypocaust
145:Neolithic
105:Rörstrand
831:(Korean)
806:(Korean)
791:See also
418:zapechye
216:kakelugn
1048:Heaters
622:Gallery
616:olivine
576:removed
561:sources
466:plåtugn
382:коленья
376:kolenya
340:uses a
265:chimney
257:masonry
183:Russian
65:improve
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802:Agungi
524:, and
400:-like
131:(also
54:, but
975:(PDF)
827:Ondol
522:straw
518:grass
406:stove
371:brick
175:smoke
1001:ISBN
948:ISSN
914:ISBN
884:ISBN
817:Kang
559:any
557:cite
493:The
398:maze
387:izba
346:flue
342:maze
211:drum
143:and
125:wood
570:by
526:hay
300:by
209:, '
197:or
135:or
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960:^
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334:A
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310:c.
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