679:
which locate into a circular groove near the top of each valve stem, the outer side of the collet halves are a taper fit into the spring retainer (also known as a collar), this taper locks the retainer in place and the raised rib that sits in the circular groove on the valve stem also locks the collet halves in place to the valve stem. To remove the valves from a cylinder head a 'valve spring compressor' is used to compress the valve springs by exerting force on the spring retainer which allows the collets to be removed, when the compressor is removed, the retainer, spring and valve can then be removed from the cylinder head. It may be realized that the retainer does not budge when the valve spring compressor is used, this is due to a buildup of carbon which over time has locked the retainer and collets slightly. A slight sharp tap on the backside of the valve spring compressor above the valve stem should free the retainer allowing the springs to be compressed whilst retrieving the split collet. On reassembly it is difficult to keep the split collets in place whilst the compressor is released, by applying a small amount of grease to the internal side of the split collets will keep them in place on the valve stem whilst releasing the compressor, then as the spring retainer rises it locks the tapered split collets in place.
415:
and ER-50. The "ER" name came from an existing "E" collet (which were a letter series of names) which Rego-Fix modified and appended "R" for "Rego-Fix". The series number is the opening diameter of the tapered receptacle, in millimetres. ER collets collapse to hold parts up to 1 mm smaller than the nominal collet internal size in most of the series (up to 2 mm smaller in ER-50, and 0.5 mm in smaller sizes) and are available in 1 mm or 0.5 mm steps. Thus a given collet holds any diameter ranging from its nominal size to its 1-mm-smaller collapsed size, and a full set of ER collets in nominal 1 mm steps fits any possible cylindrical diameter within the capacity of the series. With an ER fixture chuck, ER collets may also serve as workholding fixtures for small parts, in addition to their usual application as toolholders with spindle chucks. Although a metric standard, ER collets with internal inch sizes are widely available for convenient use of imperial sized tooling. The spring geometry of the ER collet is well-suited only to cylindrical parts, and not typically applied to square or hexagonal forms like 5C collets.
423:"Autolock" collet chucks (Osbourn "Pozi-Lock" is a similar system) were designed to provide secure clamping of milling cutters with only hand tightening. They were developed in the 1940s by a now defunct UK company, Clarkson (Engineers) Limited, and are commonly known as Clarkson chucks. Autolock collets require cutters with threaded shank ends to screw into the collet itself. Any rotation of the cutter forces the collet against the collet cap taper which tightly clamps the cutter, the screw fitting also prevents any tendency of the cutter to pull out. Collets are only available in fixed sizes, imperial or metric, and the cutter shank must be an exact match.
129:
370:). There are also proprietary designs which only fit one manufacturer's equipment. Collets can range in holding capacity from zero to several inches in diameter. The most common type of collet grips a round bar or tool, but there are collets for square, hexagonal, and other shapes. In addition to the outside-holding collets, there are collets used for holding a part on its inside surface so that it can be machined on the outside surface (similar to an expanding
221:
457:
32:
493:
407:
521:
Boleys used a 6.5 mm collet. 6 mm collets will fit into a 6.5 mm lathe but it is a poor practice. Another popular size is the 10 mm collet used by
Clement and Levin. For work holding, collets are sized in 0.1 mm increments with the number on the face being the diameter in tenths of a millimetre. Thus a 5 is a 0.5 mm collet.
606:), the collet is what holds the bit in place. In the U.S. it is generally for 0.25 or 0.5 inches (6.4 or 12.7 mm) bits, while in Europe bits are most commonly 6, 8 or 12 mm (0.24, 0.31 or 0.47 in). The collet nut is hexagonal on the outside so it can be tightened or loosened with a standard
482:
an internal thread for workpiece locating). Collets are also available to hold square and hex stock. 5C collets have a limited closing range, and so shank and collet diameters must be a close match. A number of other C-series collets (1C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 16C, 20C & 25C) with different holding ranges also exist.
678:
Most internal combustion engines use a split collet to hold both the inlet and exhaust valves under constant valve spring pressure which returns the valves to their closed position when the camshaft lobes are not in contact with the top of the valves. The two collet halves have an internal raised rib
520:
led to the invention of collets. Watchmakers' lathes all take collets which are sized by their external thread. The most popular size is 8 mm which came in several variations but all 8 mm collets are interchangeable. Lorch, a German Lathe maker, started with 6 mm collets and the first
481:
Unlike most other machine collet systems, 5C collets were developed primarily for work holding. Superficially similar to R8 collets, 5C collets have an external thread at the rear for drawing the collet closed and so work pieces may pass right through the collet and chuck (5C collets often also have
803:
This does depend on the object being clamped closely matching the size and shape of the collet's clamping surface. This constraint is usually not a problem when the object is good-quality bar stock; the shank of a well maintained drill bit, reamer, end mill, etc.; or a previously machined part that
397:
The precise, symmetric form and rigid material of the collet provide precise, repeatable radial centering and axial concentricity. The basic mechanism fixes four of the six degrees of kinematic freedom, two locations and two angles. Collets may also be fitted to precisely align parts in the axial
204:
cuts along its length to allow it to expand and contract. This type of collet holds the external surface of the tool or workpiece being clamped. This is the most usual type of collet chuck. An external collet clamps against the internal surface or bore of a hollow cylinder. The collet's taper is
414:
The "ER" collet system, developed and patented by Swiss manufacturer Rego-Fix in 1972, and standardized as DIN 6499, is the most widely used tool clamping system in the world and today available from many producers worldwide. The standard series are: ER-8, ER-11, ER-16, ER-20, ER-25, ER-32, ER-40,
393:
In use, the part to be held is inserted into the collet and then the collet is pressed (using a threaded nose cap) or drawn (using a threaded drawbar) into the body which has a conjugate taper form. The taper geometry serves to translate a portion of the axial drawing force into a radial clamping
426:
The tightening sequence of
Autolock collets is widely misunderstood. The chuck cap itself does not tighten the collet at all, with the cap tight and no tool inserted the collet is loose in the chuck. Only when a cutter is inserted will the collet be pressed against the cap taper. The back of the
524:
Watchmaker collets come in additional configurations. There are step collets which step inward to hold gear wheels by the outer perimeter. These typically were made in sets of five to accommodate a range of different size gear wheels. These, like straight rod-holding collets, close on the outer
468:
for use in milling machines. Unusually, R8 collets fit into the machine taper itself (i.e. there is no separate chuck) and tools with integral R8 taper can also be directly fitted. R8 was developed to allow rapid tool changes and requires an exact match between collet and tool shank diameter.
398:
direction (a fifth degree of freedom) with an adjustable internal stop or by a shoulder stop machined into the internal form. The remaining sixth degree of freedom, namely the rotation of the part in the collet, may be fixed by using square, hexagonal, or other non-circular part geometry.
232:, considered as a unit, consists of a tapered receiving sleeve (sometimes integral with the machine spindle), the collet proper (usually made of spring steel) which is inserted into the receiving sleeve, and (often) a cap that screws over the collet, clamping it via another taper.
394:
force. When properly tightened, enough force is applied to securely clamp the workpiece or tool. The cap or drawbar threads act as a screw lever, and this leverage is compounded by the taper, such that a modest torque on the screw produces an enormous clamping force.
472:
R8 collets have a keyway to prevent rotation when fitting or removing, but it is the compressed taper and not the keyway that provides the driving force. Collets are compressed by a drawbar from behind, they are self releasing and tool changes can be automated.
556:
Collets allowing a wider range of workholding by means of springs or elastic spacers between jaws; such collets were developed by Jacobs (Rubberflex), Crawford (Multibore), and Pratt
Burnerd, and are in some cases compatible with certain spring collet chucks.
691:(and related models) use a unique bolt locking system that employs an expanding collet. The collet has claw-like L-shaped segments that face outward from the axis of the barrel. The multiple claws give a large contact area to distribute load. As the
547:
These collets are common especially on production machines, particularly
European lathes with lever or automated closers. Unlike draw-in collets, they do not pull back to close, but are generally pushed forward, with the face remaining in place.
353:
and makes them unsuitable for general usage in electric drills, etc. However, the collet's advantage over other types of chuck is that it combines all of the following traits into one chuck; making it highly useful for repetitive work.
195:
outer surface. The collet can be squeezed against a matching taper such that its inner surface contracts to a slightly smaller diameter, squeezing the tool or workpiece to hold it securely. Most often the collet is made of
441:
As the tool is used further rotation tightens the collet and the centering pin ensures that tool extension and alignment remain unchanged. A spanner is only required to release the locked collet.
671:
525:
taper. Ring collets also come in sets of five and hold work from inside a hole. They open as they are tightened by an outside taper against the outer taper of the lathe headstock.
528:
Watch collets also include taper adapters and wax or cement chucks. These collets take an insert, usually brass, to which small parts are cemented, usually with shellac.
777:
are used in contradistinction; users speak of holding a workpiece or tool with either a collet or a chuck. In this context "chuck" means any type of chuck
1197:
427:
cutter engages with a centering pin and further turning drives the collet against the chuck cap, tightening around the cutter shank, hence "Autolock".
695:
is closed, the collet expands, extending the claws to engaging with an annular groove in the barrel just behind the chamber; locking the bolt closed.
132:
A W-type external-thread collet (red) being pulled into its spindle seat (green) with a drawbar (blue), clamping, rotating and then releasing a shaft.
982:
937:
569:
frequently used in drills, lathes and small milling machines. Chucks for drilling usually use a Morse taper and can be removed to accommodate
1159:
374:). Furthermore, it is not uncommon for machinists to make a custom collet to hold any unusual size or shape of part. These are often called
643:
1013:
968:
212:
and accurate alignment. While the clamping surface of a collet is normally cylindrical, it can be made to accept any defined shape.
895:
362:
There are many types of collet used in the metalworking industry. Common industry-standard designs are R8 (internally threaded for
1067:
172:. One of the two radial surfaces of a collet is usually tapered (i.e a truncated cone) and the other is cylindrical. The term
1190:
1096:
581:. They can be used to hold strait-shanked tooling (drills and milling cutters) more securely and with better accuracy (less
489:) is the 2J (originally a proprietary system of Sjogren, a competitor of Hardinge, and which Hardinge later assimilated).
386:(from the fact that they are bought in a soft (unhardened) state and machined as needed). Yet another type of collet is a
1215:
622:
Many users (hobbyists, graphic artists, architects, students, and others) may be familiar with collets as the part of an
345:
Collets have a narrow clamping range and a large number of collets are required to hold a given range of tools (such as
1265:
243:. The table below gives a functional comparison of the three most common types of chuck used for holding workpieces.
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1152:
1043:
825:
115:
96:
68:
205:
internal and the collet expands when a corresponding taper is drawn or forced into the collet's internal taper.
1456:
53:
853:
75:
1328:
1127:
444:
While threaded shank "Autolock" tools may be gripped by plain collets, such as ER, plain shank tools should
1235:
1145:
1773:
1378:
1303:
989:
944:
923:
626:
or equivalent knife that holds the blade. Another common example is the collet that holds the bits of a
82:
1619:
1461:
1318:
655:
465:
1451:
647:
570:
64:
1737:
1541:
1526:
1466:
1428:
1368:
49:
42:
20:
1117:
1112:
896:
https://web.archive.org/web/20141227213810/http://www.rego-fix.com/catalog/pdfs/14_Technical.pdf
330:
less than 0.005 in (0.13 mm) TIR and usually less than 0.001 in (0.025 mm))
1768:
1571:
1551:
1446:
578:
517:
743:
390:
which steps up to a larger diameter from the spindle and allows holding of larger workpieces.
1670:
1531:
1230:
815:
786:
263:
1655:
1561:
1260:
437:
Insert the tool and hand tighten (tool engaged with rear pin and collet engaging cap taper)
577:
in an adaptor to suit the Morse taper. The adaptor is threaded to be held in place with a
8:
1584:
1511:
1363:
773:
704:
651:
363:
188:
177:
899:
485:
A collet system with capabilities similar to the 5C (originally a proprietary system of
1675:
1481:
1438:
1343:
1206:
1712:
1707:
1245:
1092:
1039:
1007:
962:
910:
821:
692:
128:
755:
89:
1660:
1423:
1413:
1388:
1383:
1250:
1225:
142:
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it into a package. Some of them are made with rubber, and use vacuum for picking.
1763:
1358:
1293:
1288:
1086:
448:
be used in an "Autolock" collet as they will not be properly clamped or aligned.
209:
192:
1634:
1594:
1516:
1393:
486:
1054:
1757:
1650:
1614:
1599:
1418:
1373:
1353:
1348:
1122:
724:
639:
566:
535:
contains tables of makers and sizes; note that it refers to basic collets as
184:
or a tool (such as a drill), but collets have other mechanical applications.
1132:
224:
Several machine collets (top and centre) and a dismantled pin chuck (below).
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719:
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CNC Control Setup for
Milling and Turning: Mastering CNC Control Systems
430:
The correct installation sequence as per the original specification is:
220:
1732:
1727:
1604:
1521:
1313:
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Insert the collet and hand tighten the chuck cap (collet free to float)
1722:
1717:
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1680:
1501:
1491:
1476:
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1283:
714:
346:
240:
181:
610:, and has threads on the inside so it can be screwed onto the motor
505:
The SO Deckel tool grinders use these. Sometimes called U2 collets.
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1. Fast chucking (unclamp one part, switch to a new part, reclamp)
496:
From left to right 5C, 2J and 3J collets. All 1" workholding size.
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As a clamping device, collets are capable of producing a high
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349:) or stock material. This gives the disadvantage of higher
151:
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4. Resistance against being jarred loose (untightened)
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is being rechucked for additional cutting operations).
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The All-Un-American
Straight-Pull Bolt-Action Rifle
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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602:(a hand-held or table-mounted power tool used in
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1036:The Modern Watchmaker's Lathe and How to use it
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533:The Modern Watchmaker's Lathe and How to Use it
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767:Usually in shop-floor terminology, the terms
1055:Blaser Straight Pull Rifles R93 R8 CISM LRS2
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573:. Morse taper collet sets usually employ
366:) and 5C (usually externally threaded for
247:Comparison with different types of chucks
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
674:Valve, spring, retainer and split collet
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339:Reliably (but requires time and skill)
239:, chucks are commonly used to hold the
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1012:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
967:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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187:An external collet is a sleeve with a
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
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1071:, Gun Digest, accessed 2 June 2022.
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180:that uses collets to hold either a
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1091:(5th ed.), Cengage Learning,
235:For machining operations, such as
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879:Machinery's Handbook 28th edition
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41:needs additional citations for
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1246:Numerical control (NC and CNC)
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464:R8 collets were developed by
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176:commonly refers to a type of
565:The Morse taper is a common
543:DIN 6343 dead length collets
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1304:List of drill and tap sizes
1085:Hoffman, Edward G. (2004),
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666:Internal combustion engines
630:or equivalent rotary tool.
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10:
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1620:Magnetic switchable device
1113:When To Use A Collet Chuck
756:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
18:
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1462:Electrochemical machining
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466:Bridgeport Machines, Inc.
1542:Rotary transfer machine
1527:Photochemical machining
1467:Electron-beam machining
1429:Tool and cutter grinder
1118:Be Kind To Your Collets
1057:, accessed 8 July 2021.
758:, accessed 1 June 2020.
746:, accessed 1 June 2020.
21:Collet (disambiguation)
1088:Jig and fixture design
854:"REGO-FIX® ER Collets"
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646:is used for picking a
571:Morse taper drill bits
518:Waltham, Massachusetts
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461:
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326:5. Precise centering (
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1738:Tools and terminology
905:on December 27, 2014.
787:independent-jaw chuck
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264:Independent-jaw chuck
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131:
1656:Machining vibrations
1562:Ultrasonic machining
881:. 2008. p. 947.
820:. Industrial Press.
814:Smid, Peter (2010).
191:inner surface and a
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1676:Tool and die making
1364:Cylindrical grinder
1038:by Archie Perkins.
705:Chuck (engineering)
656:die cutting process
561:Morse taper collets
509:Watchmaker collets
318:To varying extents
298:3. Strong clamping
248:
200:, with one or more
1774:Woodworking clamps
1344:Abrasive machining
744:Collins Dictionary
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658:has finished, and
634:Semiconductor work
589:Other applications
552:Multi-size collets
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284:2. Self centering
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1098:978-1-4018-1107-5
918:Missing or empty
537:split wire chucks
376:emergency collets
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1661:Speeds and feeds
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619:
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541:
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420:
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359:
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279:Generally not
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210:clamping force
124:
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38:
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29:
15:
9:
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3:
2:
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1769:Machine tools
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1651:Cutting fluid
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1615:Machine taper
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1600:Indexing head
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1572:Machine tools
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1422:
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1419:Spark testing
1417:
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1410:
1407:
1405:
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1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Flick grinder
1372:
1370:
1369:Diamond plate
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Bench grinder
1352:
1350:
1349:Angle grinder
1347:
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1337:
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1234:
1232:
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1209:and computing
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1045:
1044:0-918845-23-8
1041:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1015:
1009:
995:on 2014-02-01
991:
984:
978:
970:
964:
950:on 2014-02-01
946:
939:
933:
925:
912:
901:
897:
894:
888:
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860:on 2012-09-22
859:
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829:
827:9780831133504
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725:Machine taper
723:
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640:semiconductor
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618:Craft hobbies
615:
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567:machine taper
558:
549:
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408:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
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365:
355:
352:
348:
338:
336:Not reliably
335:
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233:
231:
228:Generally, a
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185:
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179:
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139:
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109:
106:November 2009
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
16:Type of chuck
1630:Rotary table
1610:Lathe center
1589:
1497:Machine tool
1329:Grinding and
1169:Metalworking
1087:
1079:Bibliography
1066:
1062:
1050:
1035:
1031:
1022:
997:. Retrieved
990:the original
977:
952:. Retrieved
945:the original
932:
920:|title=
900:the original
892:
887:
878:
873:
862:. Retrieved
858:the original
848:
841:Hoffman 2004
836:
816:
809:
783:scroll chuck
778:
772:
768:
763:
751:
739:
720:Screw thread
686:
677:
642:industry, a
637:
621:
597:
564:
555:
546:
536:
532:
530:
527:
523:
512:
504:
501:355E Collets
484:
480:
471:
463:
445:
443:
440:
429:
425:
422:
413:
396:
392:
387:
384:soft collets
383:
379:
375:
361:
358:Metalworking
351:capital cost
344:
259:Scroll chuck
234:
230:collet chuck
229:
227:
207:
198:spring steel
186:
173:
169:
137:
135:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1708:Fabrication
1644:Terminology
1580:Angle plate
1507:Metal lathe
1399:Jig grinder
1309:Tap and die
1218:engineering
1026:"Show-grin"
604:woodworking
600:wood router
514:Watchmaking
388:step collet
189:cylindrical
1758:Categories
1728:Metallurgy
1522:Pantograph
1314:Tap wrench
1128:16c Collet
1123:F37 Collet
999:2013-08-08
954:2013-08-08
864:2012-09-12
779:other than
731:References
689:Blaser R93
650:up from a
644:die collet
575:ER collets
477:5C collets
460:R8 Collets
452:R8 collets
410:ER Collet
402:ER collets
76:newspapers
1723:Machining
1718:Jewellery
1686:Workpiece
1681:Tramp oil
1671:Tolerance
1502:Machining
1492:Jig borer
1477:Engraving
1452:Broaching
1439:Machining
1319:Threading
1284:Drill bit
1266:threading
1207:Machining
1133:3J Collet
715:Leadscrew
531:The book
380:e-collets
333:Reliably
315:Reliably
307:Reliably
301:Reliably
290:Reliably
287:Reliably
276:Reliably
273:Reliably
241:workpiece
182:workpiece
1733:Smithing
1472:End mill
1379:Grinding
1339:Abrasive
1299:Drilling
1274:Die head
1261:Drilling
1008:cite web
963:cite web
911:cite web
789:, etc.).
710:Stiction
699:See also
683:Firearms
594:Woodwork
487:Hardinge
321:Usually
304:Usually
65:"Collet"
1743:Welding
1713:Forming
1703:Casting
1635:Wiggler
1625:Mandrel
1595:Fixture
1557:Turning
1552:Skiving
1512:Milling
1487:Hobbing
1409:Sanding
1404:Lapping
1331:lapping
660:bonding
583:run-out
579:drawbar
372:mandrel
328:run-out
255:Collet
237:turning
193:conical
90:scholar
1764:Lathes
1590:Collet
1547:Shaper
1537:Reamer
1532:Planer
1482:Facing
1447:Boring
1241:G-code
1095:
1042:
824:
769:collet
693:breech
654:after
628:Dremel
624:X-Acto
608:wrench
368:lathes
347:drills
293:Never
174:collet
170:collar
138:collet
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1666:Swarf
1585:Chuck
1279:Drill
993:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
948:(PDF)
941:(PDF)
903:(PDF)
774:chuck
652:wafer
612:arbor
598:On a
446:never
382:) or
364:mills
178:chuck
97:JSTOR
83:books
1226:2.5D
1093:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1014:link
969:link
924:help
822:ISBN
771:and
687:The
202:kerf
69:news
1605:Jig
1263:and
1236:CAM
1231:CAD
648:die
638:In
516:at
52:by
1760::
1010:}}
1006:{{
965:}}
961:{{
915::
913:}}
909:{{
794:^
785:,
614:.
539:.
252:-
136:A
1199:e
1192:t
1185:v
1161:e
1154:t
1147:v
1101:.
1016:)
1002:.
971:)
957:.
926:)
922:(
867:.
830:.
378:(
164:/
161:t
158:ɪ
155:l
152:ɒ
149:k
146:ˈ
143:/
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
