Colonial history of the United States

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addition to the desire for expansion, Europeans also had the resources for external growth. They had ships, maps, and knowledge—a complex of politics, economy, and military tactics that they believed were superior for ruling. These helped to possess and rule the people and lands they came in contact with. One large element of this was their strong belief in private property. Land was a commodity, and as such, anyone who did not use it to turn a profit, could have it taken from them. John Locke was one responsible for these ideals. Yet the commodities didn't end with the acquisition of land. Profit became the main driver for all resources that would follow (including slavery). The cultural divide that existed between Europeans and the native groups they colonized allowed the Europeans to capitalize on both the local and global trade. So whether the ruling of these other lands and peoples was direct or indirect, the diffusion of European ideals and practices spread to nearly every country on the globe. Imperialism and globalization were also at play in creating a ruling dominion for the European nation, but it did not come without challenges. Aside from the cultural difference in relationships with land, language was a common barrier. One example being that tribal groups did not have a definition for colonization or civilization.

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intrusive than corresponding national governments in Europe. They experimented with new methods to raise revenue, build infrastructure, and solve urban problems. They were more democratic than European cities, in that a large fraction of the men could vote, and class lines were more fluid. Contrasted to Europe, printers (especially as newspaper editors) had a much larger role in shaping public opinion, and lawyers moved easily back and forth between politics and their profession. Bridenbaugh argues that by the mid-18th century, the middle-class businessmen, professionals, and skilled artisans dominated the cities. He characterizes them as "sensible, shrewd, frugal, ostentatiously moral, generally honest," public spirited, and upwardly mobile, and argues their economic strivings led to democratic yearnings for political autonomy and self-governance.

5953:, and many other specialized crafts made up the middle class of seaport society. Wives and husbands often worked as a team and taught their children their skills to pass it on through the family. Many of these artisans and traders made enough money to create a modest life. Laborers stood at the bottom of seaport society. These poor people worked on the docks unloading inbound vessels and loading outbound vessels with wheat, corn, and flax seed. Many of these were African American; some were free, while others were enslaved. In 1750, blacks made up about 10 percent of the population of New York and Philadelphia. Hundreds of seamen worked as sailors on merchant ships, some of whom were African American. 3325: 5909:

wealth, but many poor German and Irish immigrants were forced to work as agricultural wage laborers. Merchants and artisans also hired these homeless workers for a domestic system for the manufacture of cloth and other goods. Merchants often bought wool and flax from farmers and employed newly arrived immigrants, who had been textile workers in Ireland and Germany, to work in their homes spinning the materials into yarn and cloth. Large farmers and merchants became wealthy, while farmers with smaller farms and artisans only made enough for subsistence. The Mid-Atlantic region, by 1750, was divided by both ethnic background and wealth.

2175: 183: 5433:-story houses designed in the new Georgian style, imitating the lifestyle of the upper class of England. These Georgian houses had symmetrical façades with equal numbers of windows on both sides of the central door. The interior consisted of a passageway down the middle of the house with specialized rooms off the sides, such as a library, dining room, formal parlor, and master bedroom. Unlike the multi-purpose space of the yeoman houses, each of these rooms served a separate purpose. These houses contained bedrooms on the second floor that provided privacy to parents and children. 5452: 1962: 4531:. The provincial colony was governed by commissions created at the pleasure of the king. A governor and (in some provinces) his council were appointed by the crown. The governor was invested with general executive powers and authorized to call a locally elected assembly. The governor's council would sit as an upper house when the assembly was in session, in addition to its role in advising the governor. Assemblies were made up of representatives elected by the freeholders and planters (landowners) of the province. The governor had the power of absolute veto and could 5188:, and their families. High-level politicians gave out plots of land to settlers, or proprietors, who then divided the land amongst themselves. Large portions were usually given to men of higher social standing, but every man who wasn't indentured or criminally bonded had enough land to support a family. Every male citizen had a voice in the town meeting. The town meeting levied taxes, built roads, and elected officials who managed town affairs. The towns did not have courts; that was a function of the county, whose officials were appointed by the state government. 1895:. This included activities that had been ordinary business dealings previously, such as direct trade with the French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese. The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The government spent much of its revenue on the Royal Navy, which protected the British colonies and also threatened the colonies of the other empires, sometimes even seizing them. Thus, the British Navy captured 60: 5308:

middle of the house that provided cooking facilities and warmth during the winter. One side of the ground floor contained a hall, a general-purpose room where the family worked and ate meals. Adjacent to the hall was the parlor, a room used to entertain guests that contained the family's best furnishings and the parents' bed. Children slept in a loft above, while the kitchen was either part of the hall or was located in a shed along the back of the house. Colonial families were large, and these small dwellings had much activity and there was little privacy.

4666:. Most sick people turned to local healers and used folk remedies. Others relied upon the minister-physicians, barber-surgeons, apothecaries, midwives, and ministers; a few used colonial physicians trained either in Britain or an apprenticeship in the colonies. There was little government control, regulation of medical care, or attention to public health. Colonial physicians introduced modern medicine to the cities in the 18th century, following the models in England and Scotland, and made some advances in vaccination, pathology, anatomy, and pharmacology. 2605:. The majority of the population in Puerto Rico was illiterate (83.7%) and lived in poverty, and the agricultural industry—at the time, the main source of income—was hampered by lack of road infrastructure, adequate tools and equipment, and natural disasters, including hurricanes and droughts. The economy also suffered from increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish Crown. Furthermore, Spain had begun to exile or jail any person who called for liberal reforms. The Spanish–American War broke out in 1898, in the aftermath of the explosion of 2590:

control of Puerto Rico from Spain. The Caribs, a raiding tribe of the Caribbean, attacked Spanish settlements along the banks of the Daguao and Macao rivers in 1514 and again in 1521 but each time they were easily repelled by the superior Spanish firepower. However, these would not be the last attempts at control of Puerto Rico. The European powers quickly realized the potential of the lands not yet colonized by Europeans and attempted to gain control of them. Nonetheless, Puerto Rico remained a Spanish possession until the 19th century.

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the gentry. The race was a major public event designed to demonstrate to the world the superior social status of the gentry through expensive breeding, training, boasting, and gambling, and especially winning the races themselves. Historian Timothy Breen explains that horse racing and high-stakes gambling were essential to maintaining the status of the gentry. When they publicly bet a large sum on their favorite horse, it told the world that competitiveness, individualism, and materialism were the core elements of gentry values.

3188:, young unmarried men and women seeking a new life in a much richer environment. The consensus view among economic historians and economists is that the indentured servitude occurred largely as "an institutional response to a capital market imperfection," but that it "enabled prospective migrants to borrow against their future earnings in order to pay the high cost of passage to America." Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, the British shipped an estimated 50,000 to 120,000 convicts to its American colonies. 4102: 3005: 3975: 2412: 5284:, which provided more feed for livestock, and potatoes, which provided a high production rate that was an advantage for small farms. Families increased their productivity by exchanging goods and labor with each other. They lent livestock and grazing land to one another and worked together to spin yarn, sew quilts, and shuck corn. Migration, agricultural innovation, and economic cooperation were creative measures that preserved New England's yeoman society until the 19th century. 2643: 5096:, where life expectancy was short and the numbers had to be continually replenished. Life expectancy was much greater in the American colonies because of better food, less disease, lighter workloads, and better medical care, so the population grew rapidly, reaching 4 million by the 1860 census. From 1770 until 1860, the birth rate of American slaves was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe, and was nearly twice as rapid as that of England. 5787: 2190: 13626: 13590: 11290: 1591: 1552: 6009:

marriage as an avenue to upward mobility. The high death rates meant that Chesapeake wives generally became widows who inherited property; many widows increased their property by remarrying as soon as possible. The population began to stabilize around 1700, with a 1704 census listing 30,437 white people present with 7,163 of those being women. Women married younger, remained wed longer, bore more children, and lost influence within the family polity.

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European property systems. Colonists from Europe saw the American landscape as wild, savage, dark, a waste, and thus needed to be tamed in order for it to be safe and habitable. Once cleared and settled, these areas were depicted as "Eden itself." Yet the native peoples of those lands saw "wilderness" as that when the connection between humans and nature is broken. For native communities, human intervention was a part of their ecological practices.

4126: 13636: 1601: 4535:(i.e., delay) and dissolve the assembly. The assembly's role was to make all local laws and ordinances, ensuring that they were not inconsistent with the laws of England. In practice, this did not always occur, since many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown. Laws could be examined by the British Privy Council or Board of Trade, which also held veto power of legislation. 5293: 2770: 5137:) (population 8000). He argues they grew from small villages to take major leadership roles in promoting trade, land speculation, immigration, and prosperity, and in disseminating the ideas of the Enlightenment, and new methods in medicine and technology. Furthermore, they sponsored a consumer taste for English amenities, developed a distinctly American educational system, and began systems for care of people in need. 3887: 2942: 2075: 5229: 4087: 148: 5587:

schools in larger towns. Most boys learned skills from their fathers on the farm or as apprentices to artisans. Few girls attended formal schools, but most were able to get some education at home or at so-called "Dame schools" where women taught basic reading and writing skills in their own houses. By 1750, nearly 90% of New England's women and almost all of its men could read and write.

5220:, the English government considered the Boston mint to be treasonous. However, the colony ignored the English demands to cease operations until at least 1682, when Hull's contract as mintmaster expired, and the colony did not move to renew his contract or appoint a new mintmaster. The coinage was a contributing factor to the revocation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter in 1684. 129: 3670:' ancestry were the places where, historically, many Scottish, Scotch-Irish and English Borderer Protestants settled in America: the interior as well as some of the coastal areas of the South, and especially the Appalachian region. The population with some Scots and Scots-Irish ancestry may number 47 million, as most people have multiple heritages, some of which they may not know. 4586:, Yankees, Yorkers, and many other identifiable groups taking part. Elected representatives learned to listen to these interests because 90% of the men in the lower houses lived in their districts, unlike England where it was common to have an absentee member of Parliament. All of this was very unlike Europe, where aristocratic families and the established church were in control. 4172:, which benefitted the American cause during the Revolution. Also, colonial legislatures and officials had to cooperate intensively, for the first time, in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort. The relations between the British military establishment and the colonists were not always positive, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. 5244:

18th century, couples usually married between the ages of 20–24, and 6–8 children were typical of a family, with three on average surviving to adulthood. Farm women provided most of the materials needed by the rest of the family by spinning yarn from wool and knitting sweaters and stockings, making candles and soap from ashes, and churning milk into butter.

4992:'s life "shows how crucial a role these women played while their husbands fought the battles and formed the laws of the new nation. It was not just that they were making it all work at home, they were also passionate patriots themselves, engaged in the government and the war just as their husbands, sons, brothers, fathers, and friends were", according to 3452:, and a complete break with the Church of England. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony over theological disagreements, and he and other settlers founded Providence Plantation based on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" and "liberty of conscience" in religious matters. In 1637, a second group including 5973:. They owned increasingly large plantations that were worked by African slaves. Of the 650,000 inhabitants of the South in 1750, about 250,000 or 40 percent, were slaves. The plantations grew tobacco, indigo and rice for export, and raised most of their own food supplies. In addition, many small subsistence farms were family owned and operated by 5813:, a majority of the buildings were Dutch style with brick exteriors and high gables at each end, while many Dutch churches were octagonal. German and Welsh settlers in Pennsylvania used cut stone to build their houses, following the way of their homeland and completely ignoring the plethora of timber in the area. An example of this would be 2710:, though France briefly re-acquired a portion of Louisiana in 1800. The United States would gain much of New France in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, and the U.S. would acquire another portion of French territory with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The remainder of New France became part of Canada, with the exception of the French islands of 4149:. Previous colonial wars in North America had started in Europe and then spread to the colonies, but the French and Indian War is notable for having started in North America and spread to Europe. One of the primary causes of the war was increasing competition between Britain and France, especially in the Great Lakes and Ohio valley. 4211:

the most heavily taxed of any in Europe, pointed out angrily that the colonists paid little to the royal coffers. The colonists replied that their sons had fought and died in a war that served European interests more than their own. This dispute was a link in the chain of events that soon brought about the American Revolution.

5524:, which was not published until a century later. Instead, the newspaper was the principal form of reading material in the colonies. Printing was expensive, and most publications focused on purely practical matters, such as major news, advertisements, and business reports. Almanacs were very popular, also, Benjamin Franklin's 3159: 4598:

opposed to the governor's agenda and those in favor of it, respectively. Massachusetts had particularly low requirements for voting eligibility and strong rural representation in its assembly from its 1691 charter; consequently, it also had a strong populist faction that represented the province's lower classes.

3275:(1693–1781) was a Scottish baron who came to America permanently to oversee his family's vast land holdings. Historian Arthur Schlesinger says that he "was unique among the permanent comers in bearing so high a rank as baron." He was a patron of George Washington and was not disturbed during the war. 5638:

in 1693; it was primarily Anglican. The colleges were designed for aspiring ministers, lawyers, or doctors. There were no departments or majors, as every student shared the same curriculum, which focused on Latin and Greek, mathematics, and history, philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, oratory, and a

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to the West Indies and Europe. Some merchants exploited the vast amounts of timber along the coasts and rivers of northern New England. They funded sawmills that supplied cheap wood for houses and shipbuilding. Hundreds of New England shipwrights built oceangoing ships, which they sold to British and

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Within European culture, land was an inherited right for each family's firstborn and every other child would need to find another way to claim land. European expansion would be motivated by this desire to claim land, but other factors were for religion (e.g. Crusades) and discovery (e.g. voyages). In

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During the 17th century, "wampum," a purple shell possessing monetary value for settlers and cultural significance for natives, emerged as a form of currency. It served as a means of recording spoken knowledge and held considerable value among community members. Economic transactions between settlers

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In the colonial era, Americans insisted on their rights as Englishmen to have their own legislature raise all taxes. The British Parliament, however, asserted in 1765 that it held supreme authority to lay taxes, and a series of American protests began that led directly to the American Revolution. The

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Women played a role in the emergence of the capitalist economy in the Atlantic world. The types of local commercial exchange in which they participated independently were well integrated with the trade networks between colonial merchants throughout the Atlantic region, especially markets in dairy and

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Georgia was established on strict moralistic principles. Slavery was officially forbidden, as were alcohol and other forms of immorality. However, the reality of the colony was far different. The colonists rejected a moralistic lifestyle and complained that their colony could not compete economically

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North Carolina had the smallest upper-class. The richest 10 percent owned about 40 percent of all land, compared to 50 to 60 percent in neighboring Virginia and South Carolina. There were no cities of any size and very few towns, so there was scarcely an urban middle class at all. Heavily rural North

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as an alternative to class conflict. "Racism made it possible for white Virginians to develop a devotion to the equality that English republicans had declared to be the soul of liberty." That is, white men became politically much more equal than was possible without a population of low-status slaves.

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The colonial assembly shared power with a royally appointed governor. On a more local level, governmental power was invested in county courts, which were self-perpetuating (the incumbents filled any vacancies and there never were popular elections). As cash crop producers, Chesapeake plantations were

2986:. However the Dutch landholdings remained, and the Hudson River Valley maintained a traditional Dutch character until the 1820s. Traces of Dutch influence remain in present-day northern New Jersey and southeastern New York State, such as homes, family surnames, and the names of roads and whole towns. 5586:

Elementary education was widespread in New England. Early Puritan settlers believed that it was necessary to study the Bible, so children were taught to read at an early age. It was also required that each town pay for a primary school. About 10 percent enjoyed secondary schooling and funded grammar

5583:, yet all three men spent much of their lives in London. Theater was more developed in the Southern colonies, especially South Carolina, but nowhere did stage works attain the level of Europe. Puritans in New England and Quakers in Pennsylvania opposed theatrical performances as immoral and ungodly. 5099:

The conditions the Caribbean and Brazilian enslaved populations endured in the early colonial years prompted many attempts at fleeing plantation work. Successfully escaped slaves often fled to "maroon communities'' which were populated with former slaves along with local Native Americans that helped

4928:. People became passionately and emotionally involved in their religion, rather than passively listening to intellectual discourse in a detached manner. Ministers who used this new style of preaching were generally called "new lights", while the traditional-styled preachers were called "old lights". 4735:

in port cities. The English and the Germans brought along multiple Protestant denominations. Several colonies had an established church, which meant that local tax money went to the denomination. Freedom of religion became a basic American principle, and numerous new movements emerged, many of which

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None of the colonies had stable political parties of the sort that formed in the 1790s, but each had shifting factions that vied for power, especially in the perennial battles between the appointed governor and the elected assembly. There were often "country" and "court" factions, representing those

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in 1733 as a solution to two problems. At that time, tension was high between Spain and Great Britain, and the British feared that Spanish Florida was threatening the British Carolinas. Oglethorpe decided to establish a colony in the contested border region of Georgia and to populate it with debtors

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The bottom third owned no land and verged on poverty. Many were recent arrivals, recently released from indentured servitude. In some districts near present-day Washington DC, 70 percent of the land was owned by a handful of families, and three-fourths of the whites had no land at all. Large numbers

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The top five percent or so of the white population of Virginia and Maryland in the mid-18th century were planters who possessed growing wealth and increasing political power and social prestige. They controlled the local Anglican church, choosing ministers and handling church property and disbursing

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Rice cultivation in South Carolina became another major commodity crop. Some historians have argued that slaves from the lowlands of western Africa, where rice was a basic crop, provided key skills, knowledge and technology for irrigation and construction of earthworks to support rice cultivation.

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In 1763, Louisiana was ceded to Spain around New Orleans and west of the Mississippi River. In the 1780s, the western border of the newly independent United States stretched to the Mississippi River. The United States reached an agreement with Spain for navigation rights on the river and was content

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followed with a larger expedition in 1539, throughout modern New Mexico and Arizona, arriving in New Mexico in 1540. The Spanish moved north from Mexico, settling villages in the upper valley of the Rio Grande, including much of the western half of the present-day state of New Mexico. The capital of

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The British attacked Spanish Florida during numerous wars. As early as 1687, the Spanish government had begun to offer asylum to slaves from British colonies, and the Spanish Crown officially proclaimed in 1693 that runaway slaves would find freedom in Florida in return for converting to Catholicism

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By the mid-18th century in New England, shipbuilding was a staple, particularly as the North American wilderness offered a seemingly endless supply of timber. (By comparison, Europe's forests had been depleted, and most timber had to be purchased from Scandinavia). The British crown often turned to

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had no established churches. Local taxes paid the salary of the clergy in the established churches, and the parish had civic responsibilities such as poor relief and promoting education. The local gentry controlled the budget, rather than the clergy. Anglicans in America were under the authority of

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William Pitt the Elder had decided to wage the war in the colonies with the use of troops from the colonies and tax funds from Britain itself. This was a successful wartime strategy but, after the war was over, each side believed that it had borne a greater burden than the other. The British elite,

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Horse racing was the main event. The typical farmer did not own a horse in the first place, and racing was a matter for gentlemen only, but ordinary farmers were spectators and gamblers. Selected slaves often became skilled horse trainers. Horse racing was especially important for knitting together

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England, France, and the Netherlands had also started colonies in the West Indies and North America. They had the ability to build ocean-worthy ships but did not have as strong a history of colonization in foreign lands as did Portugal and Spain. However, English entrepreneurs gave their colonies a

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being the most famous. Literary magazines appeared at mid-century, but few were profitable and most went out of business after only a few years. American publications never approached the intellectual quality of European writers, but they were much more widespread and achieved a greater readership

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were expensive which lead to their rarity, so most people slept on mats, which were rolled up when not in use. People kept items in simple-made chests made up with six boards being nailed together. The wealthy had larger bound chests including locks and cabinets, cupboards and dressers. The latter

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residents were small farmers. A man had complete power over the property within these small farm families. When married, an English woman gave up her maiden name. The role of wives was to raise and nurture healthy children and support their husbands. Most women carried out these duties. During the

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The Great Awakening emphasized the traditional Reformed virtues of Godly preaching, rudimentary liturgy, and a deep awareness of personal sin and redemption by Christ Jesus, spurred on by powerful preaching that deeply affected listeners. Pulling away from ritual and ceremony, the Great Awakening

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Europeans' introduction of the mortgage marked a significant shift, allowing items to be purchased on credit and transforming colonial possessions from material objects to land. Exploiting conceptual differences in property between colonists and indigenous communities, land became private property

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Sports occupied a great deal of attention at every social level, starting at the top. In England, hunting was sharply restricted to landowners and enforced by armed gamekeepers. In America, game was more than plentiful. Everyone could and did hunt, including servants and slaves. Poor men with good

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the relatively primitive social milieu of the New World. He faced unfamiliar and challenging social institutions: the labor system that relied on black slaves, extraordinarily fluid social statuses, distasteful business methods, unpleasant conversational quirks, as well as variant habits of dress,

2761:, and Detroit in 1701. During the French and Indian War (1754–1763) many of these settlements became occupied by the British. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. At the end of the War for Independence in 1783, the region south of the Great Lakes formally became part of the United States. 2116:

Several European countries attempted to found colonies in the Americas after 1500. Most of those attempts ended in failure. The colonists themselves faced high rates of death from disease, starvation, inefficient resupply, conflict with Native Americans, attacks by rival European powers, and other

1887:

was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies from the 1660s, which meant that the government became a partner with merchants based in England to increase political power and private wealth. This was done to the exclusion of other empires and even other merchants in its own colonies. The

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focused on mixed farming. Using this technique, they grew corn for human consumption and as feed for hogs and other livestock. Many improvement-minded farmers of all different backgrounds began using new agricultural practices to raise their output. During the 1750s, these agricultural innovators

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The colonists were not remarkable by European standards, but they did display certain distinctly American characteristics, according to Bridenbaugh. There was no aristocracy or established church, there was no long tradition of powerful guilds. The colonial governments were much less powerful and

4343:

In 2008, Francois Furstenberg offered a different perspective on the historical period. He suggested that warfare was critical among the major imperial players: Britain, the American colonies, Spain, France, and the First Nations (Indians). They fought a series of conflicts from 1754 to 1815 that

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Education was primarily the responsibility of families, but numerous religious groups established tax-supported elementary schools, especially the Puritans in New England, so that their children could read the Bible. Nearly all the religious denominations set up their own schools and colleges to

5307:

New England farming families generally lived in wooden houses because of the abundance of trees. A typical New England farmhouse was one-and-a-half stories tall and had a strong frame (usually made of large square timbers) that was covered by wooden clapboard siding. A large chimney stood in the

5256:

By the middle of the 18th century, New England's population had grown dramatically, going from about 100,000 people in 1700 to 250,000 in 1725 and 375,000 in 1750 thanks to high birth rates and relatively high overall life expectancy. (A 15-year-old boy in 1700 could expect to live to about 63.)

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suggest that these communities were a burden on South American and Caribbean plantations. While the inhumane working conditions coupled with slave revolts in the Caribbean Islands and Brazilian plantations called for the increased imports of African slaves, in the colonies many plantation owners

4613:, commercial, and political culture, which included several local variations. They tended to vote in blocs, and politicians negotiated with group leaders for votes. They generally retained their historic languages and cultural traditions, even as they merged into the developing American culture. 4577:

Second, a very wide range of public and private business was decided by elected bodies in the colonies, especially the assemblies and county governments in each colony. They handled land grants, commercial subsidies, and taxation, as well as oversight of roads, poor relief, taverns, and schools.

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As Bonomi shows, the most distinctive feature of colonial society was the vibrant political culture, which attracted the most talented and ambitious young men into politics. First, suffrage was the most generous in the world, with every man allowed to vote who owned a certain amount of property.

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In the 1760s, indigenous communities actively pursued independence from colonial capitalism, reflecting a broader resistance to economic subjugation. The colonists propagated a myth of a precontact barter society, discrediting wampum as a legitimate currency used by natives. However, recognizing

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Foreclosure on unpaid debts, encompassing both land and material objects, became a potent colonial tool of dispossession, amplifying indigenous debt and fortifying the colonial military force. Seeking legal remedies, indigenous communities occasionally made decisions collectively, introducing an

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The idea that nature and humans are separate entities can be traced back to European colonial views. To European settlers, land was an inherited right and was to be used to profit. While native groups saw their relationship with the land in a more holistic view, they were eventually subjected to

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Another point on which the colonies found themselves more similar than different was the booming import of British goods. The British economy had begun to grow rapidly at the end of the 17th century and, by the mid-18th century, small factories in Britain were producing much more than the nation

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that dominated export agriculture. Many were involved in the labor-intensive cultivation of tobacco, the first cash crop of Virginia. With a decrease in the number of British willing to go to the colonies in the eighteenth century, planters began importing more enslaved Africans, who became the

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were brought to the island in 1513. Following the decline of the Taíno population, more slaves were brought to Puerto Rico; however, the number of slaves on the island paled in comparison to those in neighboring islands. Also, early in the colonization of Puerto Rico, attempts were made to wrest

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and who later became the first governor of the island. Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico. In 1508, Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and enslavement of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations. The following

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industry and a demand for corn existed in the West Indies. Thus, by mid-century, most colonial farming was a commercial venture, although subsistence agriculture continued to exist in New England and the middle colonies. Some immigrants who just arrived purchased farms and shared in this export

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and other itinerant preachers continued the movement, traveling throughout the colonies and preaching in a dramatic and emotional style. Followers of Edwards and other preachers called themselves the "New Lights", as contrasted with the so-called Old Lights who disapproved of their movement. To

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The practical sciences were of great interest to colonial Americans, who were engaged in the process of taming and settling a wild frontier country. The mainstream of intellectual activity in the colonies was on technological and engineering developments rather than more abstract topics such as

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The war also increased a sense of American unity in other ways. It caused men to travel across the continent who might otherwise have never left their own colony, fighting alongside men from decidedly different backgrounds who were nonetheless still "American". Throughout the course of the war,

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to the Carolinas in 1663, hoping that a new colony in the south would become profitable like Jamestown. Carolina was not settled until 1670, and even then the first attempt failed because there was no incentive for emigration to that area. Eventually, however, the Lords combined their remaining

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Women were often vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, especially teenage girls who were indentured servants and lacking male protectors. On the other hand, young women had much more freedom in choosing spouses, without parental oversight, and the shortage of eligible women enabled them to use

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Before 1720, most colonists in the mid-Atlantic region worked with small-scale farming and paid for imported manufactures by supplying the West Indies with corn and flour. In New York, a fur-pelt export trade to Europe flourished adding additional wealth to the region. After 1720, mid-Atlantic

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was the nation's first major religious revival, occurring in the middle of the 18th century, and it injected new vigor into Christian faith. It was a wave of religious enthusiasm among Protestants that swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American religion.

4581:

Third, the American colonies were exceptional in the world because of the representation of many different interest groups in political decision-making. The American political culture was open to economic, social, religious, ethnic, and geographical interests, with merchants, landlords, petty

3420:

that traded only for goods which they could not produce themselves, unlike the cash crop-oriented plantations of the Chesapeake region. There was a generally higher economic standing and standard of living in New England than in the Chesapeake. New England became an important mercantile and

2907:, and Enrico Tonti was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years. Settlement proceeded very slowly; New Orleans became an important port as the gateway to the Mississippi River, but there was little other economic development because the city lacked a prosperous hinterland. 4578:

Americans sued each other at a very high rate, with binding decisions made not by a great lord but by local judges and juries. This promoted the rapid expansion of the legal profession, so that the intense involvement of lawyers in politics became an American characteristic by the 1770s.

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little basic science. There were no sports or fraternities and few extracurricular activities apart from literary societies. There were no separate seminaries, law schools, or divinity schools. The first medical schools were founded late in the colonial era in Philadelphia and New York.

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against James II and led to the arrest of Andros, Boston Anglicans, and senior dominion officials by the Massachusetts militia. Andros was jailed for several months, then returned to England. The Dominion of New England was dissolved and governments resumed under their earlier charters.

6004:

In the 17th century, high mortality rates for newcomers and a very high ratio of men to women made family life either impossible or unstable for most colonists. These factors made families and communities fundamentally different from their counterparts in Europe and New England in the

4312:

could consume. Britain found a market for their goods in the British colonies of North America, increasing her exports to that region by 360% between 1740 and 1770. British merchants offered credit to their customers; this allowed Americans to buy a large amount of British goods. From

3917:

with the Carolina rice plantations. Georgia initially failed to prosper, but the restrictions were eventually lifted, slavery was allowed, and it became as prosperous as the Carolinas. The colony of Georgia never had an established religion; it consisted of people of various faiths.

3175:

England made its first successful efforts at the start of the 17th century for several reasons. During this era, English proto-nationalism and national assertiveness blossomed under the threat of Spanish invasion, assisted by a degree of Protestant militarism and the energy of Queen

3206:

is "the best single portrait of men and manners, of rural and urban life, of the wide range of society and scenery in colonial America." His diary has been widely used by scholars, and covers his travels from Maryland to Maine. Biographer Elaine Breslaw says that he encountered:

5866:

used to harvest hay, wheat, and barley with the cradle scythe, a tool with wooden fingers that arranged the stalks of grain for easy collection. This tool was able to triple the amount of work done by farmers in one day. Farmers also began fertilizing their fields with dung and

3788:

By 1700, the Virginia population reached 70,000 and continued to grow rapidly from a high birth rate, low death rate, importation of slaves from the Caribbean, and immigration from Britain, Germany, and Pennsylvania. The climate was mild; the farm lands were cheap and fertile.

5215:

in shilling, sixpence and threepence denominations to address a coin shortage in the colony. To that point, the colony's economy had been entirely dependent on barter and foreign currency, including English, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, and counterfeit coins. In 1661 after the

5777:

churches, and retained their own customs and foods. They emphasized farm ownership. Some mastered English to become conversant with local legal and business opportunities. They ignored the Indians and tolerated slavery, although few were rich enough to own a slave.

4858:

sentiments, such as Jefferson, Franklin, and Washington. Catholics were few outside of Maryland; however, they joined the Patriot cause during the Revolution. Leaders such as George Washington strongly endorsed tolerance for them and indeed for all denominations.

2442:, about 300 miles (480 km) north of San Francisco or farther south. Then they sailed south along the California coast to Acapulco, Mexico. Often they did not land, because of the rugged, foggy coast. Spain wanted a safe harbor for galleons. They did not find 3634:. The Spanish colonized Florida in the 16th century, with their communities reaching a peak in the late 17th century. In the British and French colonies, most colonists arrived after 1700. They cleared land, built houses and outbuildings, and worked on the large 5038:

became established and weakened the view that husbands were natural "rulers" over their wives. There was a new sense of shared marriage. Legally, husbands took control of wives' property when marrying. Divorce was almost impossible until the late 18th century.

10352: 5199:

residents because of Puritan beliefs that God singled out specific people for salvation. Instead, membership was limited to those who could convincingly "test" before members of the church that they had been saved. They were known as "the elect" or "Saints."

3471:. These small settlements were absorbed by Massachusetts when it made significant land claims in the 1640s and 1650s, but New Hampshire was eventually given a separate charter in 1679. Maine remained a part of Massachusetts until achieving statehood in 1820. 5399:, where they were traded for molasses, sugar, gold coins, and bills of exchange, also known as credit slips. They carried the West Indian products to New England factories, where the raw sugar was turned into granulated sugar and the molasses distilled into 4593:

which stressed equal rights, the need for virtuous citizens, and the evils of corruption, luxury, and aristocracy. Republicanism provided the framework for colonial resistance to British schemes of taxation after 1763, which escalated into the Revolution.

3761:

of Irish and German Protestants had settled in the frontier districts, often moving down from Pennsylvania. Tobacco was not important here; farmers focused on hemp, grain, cattle, and horses. Entrepreneurs had begun to mine and melt the local iron ores.

6005:

Virginia-Maryland region before 1700, along with dispersed settlements and a reluctance to live in villages, together with a growing immigration of white indentured servants and black slaves. These extreme conditions both demeaned and empowered women.

5895:

came to be almost totally dependent on tobacco, which would ultimately prove fatal at the end of the 18th century thanks to exhausted soil and collapsing prices, but for most of the century, the soil remained good and a single-crop economy profitable.

5824:

Ethnic cultures also affected styles of furniture. Rural Quakers preferred simple designs in furnishings such as tables, chairs, and chests, and shunned elaborate decorations. However, some urban Quakers had much more elaborate furniture. The city of

4557:, giving the grantees control of the land and the powers of legislative government. The charters provided a fundamental constitution and divided powers among legislative, executive, and judicial functions, with those powers being vested in officials. 5257:

Colonists in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island continued to subdivide their land between farmers; the farms became too small to support single families, and this threatened the New England ideal of a society of independent yeoman farmers.

3268:

heavily dependent on trade with England. With easy navigation by river, there were few towns and no cities; planters shipped directly to Britain. High death rates and a very young population profile characterized the colony during its first years.

3252:, a joint-stock company looking for gold. Its first years were extremely difficult, with very high death rates from disease and starvation, wars with local Amerindians, and little gold. The colony survived and flourished by turning to tobacco as a 3180:. At this time, however, there was no official attempt by the English government to create a colonial empire. Rather the motivation behind the founding of colonies was piecemeal and variable. Practical considerations played their parts, such as 3913:

who would otherwise have been imprisoned according to standard British practice. This plan would both rid Great Britain of its undesirable elements and provide her with a base from which to attack Florida. The first colonists arrived in 1733.

3756:

About 60 percent of white Virginians were part of a broad middle class that owned substantial farms. By the second generation, death rates from malaria and other local diseases had declined so much that a stable family structure was possible.

2258:, but Spain gave the United States all claims to the Pacific Northwest in the Adams–Onís Treaty. There were several thousand families in New Mexico and California who became American citizens in 1848, plus small numbers in the other colonies. 1820:. A significant percentage of the Native Americans living in the eastern region had been ravaged by disease before 1620, possibly introduced to them decades before by explorers and sailors (although no conclusive cause has been established). 6865: 5833:. German artisans created intricately carved designs on their chests and other furniture, with painted scenes of flowers and birds. German potters also crafted a large array of jugs, pots, and plates of both elegant and traditional design. 3639:

predominant labor force on the plantations. Tobacco exhausted the soil quickly, requiring new fields to be cleared on a regular basis. Old fields were used as pasture and for crops such as corn and wheat, or allowed to grow into woodlots.

2918:

Napoleon needed funds to wage another war with Great Britain, and he doubted that France could defend such a huge and distant territory. He therefore offered to sell all of Louisiana for $ 15 million. The United States completed the

3743:

The colonial South included the plantation colonies of the Chesapeake region (Virginia, Maryland, and, by some classifications, Delaware) and the lower South (Carolina, which eventually split into North and South Carolina; and Georgia).

10514: 4382:

The idea of independence steadily became more widespread, after being first proposed and advocated by a number of public figures and commentators throughout the colonies. One of the most prominent voices on behalf of independence was

10437: 5900:

farming stimulated with the international demand for wheat. A massive population explosion in Europe brought wheat prices up. By 1770, a bushel of wheat cost twice as much as it did in 1720. Farmers also expanded their production of

5836:

By the time of the Revolutionary War, approximately 85 percent of white Americans were of English, Irish, Welsh, or Scottish descent. Approximately 8.8 percent of whites were of German ancestry, and 3.5 percent were of Dutch origin.

5105:

recognized their ability to maintain a generation of slaves for the economic benefit of allowing natural reproduction to increase the population. This led to the following generations of the enslaved population to be American born.

4468:

The advent of European colonization resulted in the disruption of existing social structures in indigenous lands. Settlers integrated themselves into the indigenous economy by exchanging resources, including corn and beaver pelts.

3256:. By the late 17th century, Virginia's export economy was largely based on tobacco, and new, richer settlers came in to take up large portions of land, build large plantations and import indentured servants and slaves. In 1676, 3643:

The early methods and tools used in South Carolina were congruent with those in Africa. British colonists would have had little or no familiarity with the complex process of growing rice in fields flooded by irrigation works.

3586:, a Scotch Irish population on the Western frontier, and numerous German colonies in between. Philadelphia became the largest city in the colonies with its central location, excellent port, and a population of about 30,000. 5252:

were very unusual; normally, children chose their own spouses from within a circle of suitable acquaintances who shared their race, religion, and social standing. Parents retained veto power over their children's marriages.

5247:

Most New England parents tried to help their sons establish farms of their own. When sons married, fathers gave them gifts of land, livestock, or farming equipment; daughters received household goods, farm animals, or cash.

4332:. Of special interest are such themes as international migration, trade, colonization, comparative military and governmental institutions, the transmission of religions and missionary work, and the slave trade. It was the 1828:

Colonists came from European kingdoms that had highly developed military, naval, governmental, and entrepreneurial capabilities. The Spanish and Portuguese centuries-old experience of conquest and colonization during the

4574:

Fewer than one-percent of British men could vote, whereas a majority of American freemen were eligible. The roots of democracy were present, although deference was typically shown to social elites in colonial elections.

5929:

reached 6,000. Merchants dominated seaport society, and about 40 merchants controlled half of Philadelphia's trade. Wealthy merchants in Philadelphia and New York, like their counterparts in New England, built elegant

5560:. Because of New England's deep religious beliefs, artistic works that were insufficiently religious or too "worldly" were banned, especially the theater. The leading theologian and philosopher of the colonial era was 3166:

to the London and Plymouth companies; the overlapping area (in yellow) was granted to both companies on the stipulation that neither found a settlement within 100 miles (160 km) of each other; the location of the

3086:, was constructed in the late 1630s during the time of the New Sweden colony. It remains the oldest European-built house in New Jersey and is believed to be one of the oldest surviving log houses in the United States. 4923:

that began around 1800 and reached out to the unchurched. It changed their rituals, their piety, and their self-awareness. The new style of sermons and the way that people practiced their faith breathed new life into

2327:

colonies. Spain regained control of Florida in 1783 by the Peace of Paris which ended the Revolutionary War. Spain sent no more settlers or missionaries to Florida during the Second Spanish Period. The inhabitants of

5996:

colonies. In 1650, estimates put Maryland's total population near 600 with fewer than 200 women present. Much of the population consisted of young, single, white indentured servants and, as such, the colonies lacked

4650:

was deadly to many new arrivals in the Southern colonies. For an example of newly arrived able-bodied young men, over one-fourth of the Anglican missionaries died within five years of their arrival in the Carolinas.

4977:, however, many women worked in fields and stables. German and Dutch immigrants granted women more control over property, which was not permitted in the local English law. Unlike English colonial wives, German and 4965:

settlers brought their strong religious values with them to the New World, which dictated that a woman be submissive to her husband and dedicate herself to rearing God-fearing children to the best of her ability.

2296:

and four years of military service to the Spanish Crown. In effect, Spaniards created a maroon settlement in Florida as a front-line defense against English attacks from the north. This settlement was centered at

3844:

plantation island, one of the early English colonies to use large numbers of Africans in plantation-style agriculture. The cultivation of rice was introduced during the 1690s and became an important export crop.

4911:

that challenged established authority. It incited rancor and division between the new revivalists and the old traditionalists who insisted on ritual and liturgy. The Awakening had little impact on Anglicans and

4569:

of the United States had their origins in the colonial period. Most theories of political culture identify New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the South as having formed separate and distinct political cultures.

3390:; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies together spawned other Puritan colonies in New England, including the 2300:. Spain also intended to destabilize the plantation economy of the British colonies by creating a free black community to attract slaves. Notable British raids on St. Augustine were James Moore's 1702 raid and 10486: 5418:

Many merchants became very wealthy by providing their goods to the agricultural population, and ended up dominating the society of sea port cities. Unlike yeoman farmhouses, these merchants lived in elegant

4232:

saw their identity as British. Many had never lived in Britain in over a few generations, yet they imitated British styles of dress, dance, and etiquette. This social upper echelon built its mansions in the

5504:, founder of the American Philosophical Society who contributed important discoveries to physics such as electricity, but was more successful in his practical inventions, including stoves and lightning rods 8758:

Anglican clergy in the southern colonies were commonly referred to as "ministers" to distinguish them from Roman Catholic priests, although they were actually ordained as priests, unlike other Protestants.

6207:

For the most part, however, the diseases that decimated the Natives were caused by natural contact. These Native peoples were greatly weakened, and as a result, they were less able to resist the Europeans.

5817:, Pennsylvania where 80 percent of the buildings in the town were made entirely of stone. On the other hand, settlers from Ireland took advantage of America's ample supply of timber and constructed sturdy 4223:

in more than just name. Demographically, the majority of the colonists traced their roots to the British Isles and many of them still had family ties with Great Britain. Socially, the colonial elite of

3597:

The People of this Province are generally of the middling Sort, and at present pretty much upon a Level. They are chiefly industrious Farmers, Artificers or Men in Trade; they enjoy in Freedom, and the

2597:. A census conducted in 1860 revealed a population of 583,308. Of these, 300,406 (51.5%) were white and 282,775 (48.5%) were persons of color, the latter including people of primarily African heritage, 5853:

established a farming economy based on hogs and corn. Eventually, cows were brought with the horses. They were more useful than horses for many reasons. Almost all the farms had cows on their land. In

4156:

decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a "

6862: 3991:

Efforts began as early as the 1640s toward a common defense of the colonies, principally against shared threats from Indians, the French, and the Dutch. The Puritan colonies of New England formed

3615:. In the seventeenth century, most voluntary colonists were of English origins who settled chiefly along the coastal regions of the Eastern seaboard. The majority of early British settlers were 3181: 1891:

The government also fought smuggling, and this became a direct source of controversy with North American merchants when their normal business activities became reclassified as "smuggling" by the

1888:

government protected its London-based merchants and kept out others by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries to maximize exports from the realm and minimize imports.

13877: 4485:

native sovereignty, colonists eventually acknowledged wampum as a legitimate form of "money," underscoring the complexity and evolution of economic relationships during this historical period.

3405:

The Puritans created a deeply religious, socially tight-knit, and politically innovative culture that still influences the modern United States. They hoped that this new land would serve as a "

2462:

charted the coast from Lower California to Mendocino and some inland areas and recommended Monterey for settlement. The King agreed, but the settlement project was diverted to areas off Japan.

1686:

European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, farmers, indentured servants, tradesmen, and a very few from the aristocracy. Settlers included the

18268: 3769:

organized competitions for the "better sort of Virginians onely who are Batchelors," and he offered prizes "to be shot for, wrestled, played at backswords, & Run for by Horse and foott."

1762:

were also incorporated into the United States at later times. The diverse colonists from these various regions built colonies of distinctive social, religious, political, and economic style.

14597: 5344:

villages. There they built and repaired goods needed by farm families. Stores were set up by traders selling English manufactures such as cloth, iron utensils, and window glass, as well as

15089: 5508:

The arts in colonial America were not as successful as the sciences. Literature in the European sense was nearly nonexistent, with histories being far more noteworthy. These included

5403:. The gold and credit slips were sent to England where they were exchanged for manufactures, which were shipped back to the colonies and sold along with the sugar and rum to farmers. 4068:

proposed that the colonies be united by a Grand Council overseeing a common policy for defense, expansion, and Indian affairs. The plan was thwarted by colonial legislatures and King

17096: 4206:

The British and colonists triumphed jointly over a common foe. The colonists' loyalty to the mother country was stronger than ever before. However, disunity was beginning to form.

3848:

At first, South Carolina was politically divided. Its ethnic makeup included the original settlers (a group of rich, slave-owning English settlers from the island of Barbados) and

4191:

watershed. Following the war, Britain gained all French territory east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River valley. Britain also gained

3995:

to coordinate military and judicial matters. From the 1670s, several royal governors attempted to find means of coordinating defensive and offensive military matters, notably Sir

1679:

launched major colonization expeditions in North America. The death rate was very high among early immigrants, and some early attempts disappeared altogether, such as the English

3548:

The Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken over by the English and renamed New York. However, large numbers of Dutch remained in the colony, dominating the rural areas between

4371:

of 1773 dumped British tea into Boston Harbor because it contained a hidden tax that Americans refused to pay. The British responded by trying to crush traditional liberties in

2375:

was settled in 1610 and remains one of the oldest continually European-inhabited settlements in the United States. Local Indians expelled the Spanish for 12 years following the

10130:

3.2 (2006): 131–157; argues need to study regional tobacco cultures, trade with Caribbean, trade with the Indians, internal markets, shipbuilding, and western land development.

3836:. The original settlers in South Carolina established a lucrative trade in food for the slave plantations in the Caribbean. The settlers came mainly from the English colony of 14962: 4775:

by the time of the Revolutionary War, of which 82 to 84 percent were affiliated with non-Anglican Protestant denominations, with 76 to 77 percent specifically affiliated with

1630: 5917:

Seaports that expanded from the wheat trade had more social classes than anywhere else in the Middle Colonies. By 1773, the population of the three largest cities had grown:

4553:. The Massachusetts charter was revoked in 1684 and was replaced by a provincial charter that was issued in 1691. Charter governments were political corporations created by 6084: 3184:, over-crowding, and the desire for freedom of religion. The main waves of settlement came in the 17th century. After 1700, most immigrants to Colonial America arrived as 1813: 103: 7647: 3619:, who gained freedom after enough work to pay off their passage. The wealthier men who paid their way received land grants known as headrights, to encourage settlement. 14679: 6064: 5031:

especially after 1700. These dances had a strict social code with mistakes in choreography scrutinized and a loss of prestige would follow with excessive dance errors.

4935:

at home, which effectively decentralized the means of informing the public on religious manners and was akin to the individualistic trends present in Europe during the

2499:

in 1769. Through the Spanish and Mexican eras they eventually comprised a series of 21 missions to spread Roman Catholicism among the local Native Americans, linked by

14684: 5857:, people farmed intensively, working small pieces of land trying to get the largest possible production rate from their crops. In the American colonies, settlers from 1835:, coupled with new oceanic ship navigation skills, provided the tools, ability, and desire to colonize the New World. These efforts were managed respectively by the 16780: 14779: 14119: 13989: 12853: 12032: 4053:". The major battles took place in Europe, but American colonial troops fought the French and their Indian allies in New York, New England, and Nova Scotia with the 1812:(Lower South). Some historians add a fifth region of the "Frontier", which was never separately organized. The colonization of the United States resulted in a large 891: 443: 17037: 18273: 6069: 2574:

year, the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby island on the coast, named Puerto Rico (Rich Port), which had a suitable harbor. In 1511, a second settlement,

10538:

Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649–1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources.

15369: 14249: 2915:

forced Spain to return Louisiana to France in 1802 and threatened to close the river to American vessels. Alarmed, the United States offered to buy New Orleans.

2323:, however, resulted in hundreds of Menorcans, Greeks, and Italians settling in St. Augustine in 1777. During the American Revolution, East and West Florida were 5829:

became a major center of furniture-making because of its massive wealth from Quaker and British merchants. Philadelphian cabinet makers built elegant desks and

4969:

There were ethnic differences in the treatment of women. Among Puritan settlers in New England, wives almost never worked in the fields with their husbands. In

4296:

survives not only in Canada, but also throughout the United States. Eventually, it was a dispute over the meaning of some of these political ideals (especially

16128: 14856: 14624: 14458: 14114: 12715: 12534: 5879:

was exporting 350,000 bushels of wheat and 18,000 tons of flour annually. The Southern colonies in particular relied on cash crops such as tobacco and cotton.

3271:

Randall Miller points out that "America had no titled aristocracy... although one aristocrat, Lord Thomas Fairfax, did take up residence in Virginia in 1734."

2315:. Florida was home to about 3,000 Spaniards at the time, and nearly all quickly left. Britain occupied Florida but did not send many settlers to the area. Dr. 753: 610: 6001:, to a large degree. African women entered the colony as early as 1619, although their status remains a historical debate—free, slave, or indentured servant. 18026: 17494: 17341: 15145: 14712: 14602: 13156: 10161:

Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century: An Inquiry into the Material Condition of the People, Based on Original and Contemporaneous Records.

1181: 10572: 5406:

Other New England merchants took advantage of the rich fishing areas along the Atlantic Coast and financed a large fishing fleet, transporting its catch of

17691: 16371: 16201: 14480: 5048: 4743:

Church membership statistics by denomination are unreliable and scarce from the colonial period, but Anglicans were not in the majority by the time of the

2721:

stretched to over 10,000,000 km (3,900,000 sq mi) at its peak in 1710, which was the second largest colonial empire in the world, after the

2458:

just north of San Francisco Bay, then went south in a small boat past Half Moon Bay and Monterey Bay. They traded with Native Americans for food. In 1602

17484: 16289: 16123: 14517: 12879: 12869: 3449: 917: 907: 2658:(1756 to 1763). Possessions of Britain (pink), France (blue), and Spain. (White boarder lines mark later Canadian Provinces and US States for reference) 18395: 18158: 17101: 17091: 15057: 14915: 12675: 12522: 10246: 8004:

James E.. McWilliams, "Butter, Milk, and a 'Spare Ribb': Women's Work and the Transatlantic Economic Transition in Seventeenth-Century Massachusetts,"

7633: 3635: 1623: 1150: 713: 2379:

of 1680; they returned in 1692 in the bloodless reoccupation of Santa Fe. Control was by Spain (223 years) and Mexico (25 years) until 1846, when the

18238: 17106: 14619: 14406: 13593: 10761: 4843: 1555: 9884: 7733: 15111: 15084: 14401: 13075: 12700: 12649: 10349:

No Part of the Mother Country, but Distinct Dominions – Law, State Formation and Governance in England, Massachusetts und South Carolina, 1630–1769

9509:

The textile industries of the United States: including sketches and notices of cotton, woolen, silk, and linen manufacturers in the colonial period

8590:

Wood, Bradford J. (1999). ""A Constant Attendance on God's Alter": Death, Disease, and the Anglican Church in Colonial South Carolina, 1706–1750".

8106: 5722:

Unlike New England, the Mid-Atlantic region gained much of its population from new immigration and, by 1750, the combined populations of New York,

4542:. They were governed much as royal colonies except that lord proprietors, rather than the king, appointed the governor. They were set up after the 3387: 1108: 738: 687: 16994: 9063:

Gilson, Nathan B. “Historiographical Interpretation of Maroon Resistance and Culture in the Atlantic World ." Liberty University, March 18, 2018.

7183:... vast majority accept the view that indentured servitude was an economic arrangement designed to iron out imperfections in the capital market. 5442: 4981:

wives owned their own clothes and other items and were also given the ability to write wills disposing of the property brought into the marriage.

3955:, at which time most of the British left. The Spanish then neglected the Floridas; few Spaniards lived there when the US bought the area in 1819. 18405: 17610: 17116: 15459: 15419: 13755: 12710: 12528: 12423: 11961: 6024: 4736:

became established denominations in their own right. The Puritans of New England kept in close touch with non-conformists in England, as did the

3060: 2621: 748: 564: 9064: 9048: 3503:

However, the Massachusetts charter had been revoked in 1684, and a new one was issued in 1691 that combined Massachusetts and Plymouth into the

18415: 18228: 15267: 14185: 13672: 12845: 11424: 6605: 6535: 3515:

to three simultaneous governorships and military command over Connecticut and Rhode Island. However, these attempts at unified control failed.

3463:

Other colonists settled to the north, mingling with adventurers and profit-oriented settlers to establish more religiously diverse colonies in

1863: 1862:, colonial affairs were the responsibility of the Board of Trade in partnership with the relevant secretaries of state, which changed from the 883: 4367:, and marked the first time that Americans met together from each of the 13 colonies and planned a common front against British taxation. The 2527:(Mexican era Californians) around 10,000; including immigrant Americans and other nationalities involved in trade and business in California. 2238:

Many territories that had been part of New Spain became part of the United States after 1776 through various wars and treaties, including the

17504: 16076: 15481: 14717: 13924: 12832: 10126:

Bradburn, Douglas M., and John C. Coombs. "SMOKE AND MIRRORS: Reinterpreting the society and economy of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake."

1616: 17464: 10591: 3421:

shipbuilding center, along with agriculture, fishing, and logging, serving as the hub for trading between the southern colonies and Europe.

15099: 14696: 14512: 14453: 14036: 13994: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 12740: 12680: 12579: 12326: 12254: 12155: 12066: 12042: 11948: 11829: 11745: 11668: 11616: 11536: 4512:), proprietary, and charter. These governments were all subordinate to the King of England, with no explicit relationship with the British 4503: 4285: 4277: 4253: 3589:

By the mid-18th century, Pennsylvania was basically a middle-class colony with limited deference to the small upper-class. A writer in the

2517:; they worked as laborers in the missions and the ranchos. In the 1830s the missions were disbanded and the lands sold to Californios. The 2255: 778: 718: 603: 542: 520: 487: 454: 399: 355: 333: 300: 267: 234: 143: 8624: 5320:

were used to store cups and cooking utensils. Glass-made items were also rare. For drinking cups, leather jacks and bombards were common.

2733:

By 1660, French fur trappers, missionaries, and military detachments based in Montreal pushed west along the Great Lakes upriver into the

18263: 18187: 17676: 17615: 16223: 16066: 15961: 15706: 15444: 14564: 14475: 14217: 14202: 14084: 13511: 12859: 12621: 12436: 10679: 9130: 8671: 3733: 3272: 3067:, with most of the colonists remaining. Years later, the entire New Netherland colony was incorporated into England's colonial holdings. 1572: 1529: 897: 659: 9655:

Carr, Lois Green; Walsh, Lorena S. (October 1977). "The Planter's Wife: The Experience of White Women in Seventeenth-Century Maryland".

4203:. In removing a major foreign threat to the thirteen colonies, the war also largely removed the colonists' need of colonial protection. 2578:

was established in the southwestern part of the island. During the 1520s, the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became

2465:

No settlements were established until 1769. From 1769 until the independence of Mexico in 1820, Spain sent missionaries and soldiers to

18218: 17924: 17127: 16472: 16049: 15564: 15559: 15549: 14922: 14651: 13899: 13202: 13148: 13112: 12685: 12074: 11006: 11000: 4179:, France formally ceded to Britain the eastern part of its vast North American empire, having secretly given to Spain the territory of 3078:

to America, and numerous rivers, towns, and families in the lower Delaware River Valley region derive their names from the Swedes. The

2017: 1227: 1172: 1145: 723: 18016: 10153:

By Whatever Means Necessary: The U.S. Government’s Ongoing Attempts to Remove Indigenous Peoples During an Era of Self-(De)termination

5534:

New Englanders wrote journals, pamphlets, books, and especially sermons, which exceeded those written by all other colonies combined.

4727:

Most of the settlers came from Protestant backgrounds in England and Western Europe, with a small proportion of Catholics, chiefly in

4473:

and natives involved the exchange of wampum for various goods, illustrating its multifaceted role in the colonial economic landscape.

3353:. They initially moved to the Netherlands, then decided to re-establish themselves in America. The initial Pilgrim settlers sailed to 2896: 2804: 18410: 18092: 17499: 16800: 16723: 16218: 16161: 16054: 15883: 15325: 13828: 12758: 12695: 12690: 12643: 12052: 11604: 11564: 10031:

Barth, Jonathan Edward (2014). "'A Peculiar Stampe of Our Owne': The Massachusetts Mint and the Battle over Sovereignty, 1652-1691".

6388: 4952: 4796: 2052: 796: 733: 728: 695: 681: 616: 1858:

was set up in 1625 as the first special body convened to advise on colonial (plantation) questions. From 1696 until the end of the

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A similar pietistic revival movement took place among some German and Dutch settlers, leading to more divisions. By the 1770s, the

4800: 4675: 4641: 4348:

produce commodities. For example, local women merchants were important suppliers of foodstuffs to transatlantic shipping concerns.

2012: 1715: 1062: 1048: 912: 863: 816: 811: 758: 708: 653: 8500:

Peripheries and Center: Constitutional Development in the Extended Polities of the British Empire and the United States, 1607–1788

4183:

west of the Mississippi River the previous year. Before the war, Britain held the thirteen American colonies, most of present-day

17803: 17489: 16171: 16144: 16103: 16098: 16071: 16001: 15888: 15684: 15491: 15079: 14903: 14801: 14433: 13501: 13161: 13107: 12705: 12664: 12635: 12207: 5455: 4732: 3667: 2284:

in 1565 but repeatedly attacked and burned by pirates, privateers, and English forces, and nearly all the Spanish left after the

2207:

and other vice-royalties. New Spain included territories in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, much of the United States west of the

2027: 1519: 1140: 743: 702: 673: 7651: 5003:

Work for women included running establishments based on their culinary skills. The first restaurant in the colonies belonged to

18400: 18223: 18006: 17681: 17071: 16850: 16272: 15981: 15664: 15569: 15399: 15347: 15308: 14875: 14870: 14724: 14661: 14614: 14592: 14557: 14212: 14068: 12768: 12607: 12592: 12517: 12500: 8953: 6295: 6074: 6049: 4566: 4273: 3872:

Carolina was dominated by subsistence farmers with small operations. In addition, one-fourth of the whites had no land at all.

3491:

and seized colonial charters, revoked land titles, and ruled without local assemblies, causing anger among the population. The

2509:, while protecting historic Spanish claims to the area. The missions introduced European technology, livestock, and crops. The 806: 645: 630: 17: 9285: 9098: 6628: 3416:

Economically, Puritan New England fulfilled the expectations of its founders. The Puritan economy was based on the efforts of

18182: 17474: 16729: 16088: 15976: 15846: 15750: 15659: 15583: 15128: 15094: 14109: 14099: 14094: 13952: 13947: 13811: 13629: 13197: 13094: 13002: 12747: 12629: 12586: 12451: 11419: 11414: 11232: 10151: 9846: 9337: 8990: 8963: 8936: 8909: 8227: 7613: 7585: 6748: 6692: 6413: 6079: 6054: 4164:

was made truly apparent, as British military and civilian officials took on an increased presence in the lives of Americans.

3902: 2103: 2037: 2032: 1987: 1951: 1817: 1594: 1222: 1186: 1127: 1035: 785: 667: 624: 432: 107: 98: 12539: 10613: 18338: 17701: 16688: 16284: 16181: 16118: 16108: 15991: 15782: 15745: 15674: 15506: 15471: 15022: 14752: 14485: 14256: 14207: 14180: 14104: 14063: 12413: 11326: 11061: 7016: 5329:

the inexpensive yet strongly built American ships. There was a shipyard at the mouth of almost every river in New England.

4780: 4207: 4130: 3612: 3512: 3191: 3149: 3099: 2999: 2169: 2042: 1982: 1899:(New York) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. 10578: 10567: 10305: 10025: 7542: 6270: 4328:

In recent years, historians have enlarged their perspective to cover the entire Atlantic world in a subfield now known as

2446:, perhaps because of fog hiding the entrance. In 1585 Gali charted the coast just south of San Francisco Bay, and in 1587 18333: 18213: 18036: 17479: 17469: 17459: 16357: 16240: 16228: 16166: 15923: 15414: 15313: 14910: 14569: 14465: 14349: 13619: 13036: 12786: 12339: 12279: 11869: 11383: 11153: 6138:

Wiecek, William M. (1977). "The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America".

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Wayne L. Bockelman, and Owen S. Ireland, "The Internal Revolution in Pennsylvania: An Ethnic-Religious Interpretation,"

7725:

Quoted in Nancy L. Struna, "The Formalizing of Sport and the Formation of an Elite: The Chesapeake Gentry, 1650-1720s."

5658:

was a major religious revival movement that took place in most colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The movement began with

4854:

was in the era of the American Revolution. Many of the founding fathers were active in a local church; some of them had

18308: 17696: 17671: 17605: 17530: 17454: 16785: 16447: 16432: 16213: 16154: 16039: 16034: 15971: 15733: 15694: 15654: 15501: 15454: 15434: 15047: 14674: 14669: 14574: 14522: 14051: 13806: 13665: 13614: 13101: 12864: 12725: 12657: 12597: 12391: 11894: 11884: 11800: 10958: 8723: 7684: 7517: 6059: 6029: 5769:

region in Germany, migrated to upstate districts after 1700. They largely kept to themselves, married their own, spoke

5446: 5165: 4590: 4441: 4301: 4269: 4257: 3969: 3815:

was the first attempted English settlement south of Virginia. It was a private venture, financed by a group of English

2936: 1997: 1577: 1134: 902: 763: 635: 5352:. The storekeepers of these shops sold their imported goods in exchange for crops and other local products, including 18360: 18104: 17255: 16255: 16235: 16186: 16176: 16044: 15966: 15943: 15903: 15767: 15757: 15634: 15609: 15516: 15496: 14974: 14764: 14490: 13872: 12763: 12753: 12289: 11926: 11763: 11346: 11264: 11191: 9721: 9582: 8181: 8082: 7943: 7828: 7295: 7236: 6912: 6511: 6449: 4847:

the Bishop of London, who sent out missionaries and ordained men from the Colonies to minister in American parishes.

4153: 2616:. The U.S. defeated Spain by the end of the year, and won control of Puerto Rico in the ensuing peace treaty. In the 2546: 2427: 2396: 801: 791: 192: 37: 18011: 9789: 7090: 4799:. 14 to 16 percent remained Anglican but were declining in number, and the remaining 2 percent of the churches were 18328: 18278: 18248: 18233: 18087: 17733: 17195: 17135: 17076: 16260: 16206: 16191: 16093: 15928: 15404: 15357: 15352: 15254: 15181: 14881: 14646: 14175: 13062: 12316: 12145: 11978: 11938: 11817: 11351: 11067: 8576:

Henry R. Viets, "Some Features of the History of Medicine in Massachusetts during the Colonial Period, 1620–1770,"

6039: 5935: 5341: 4948: 2506: 2047: 1095: 870: 509: 9040:

Michael Tadman, "The Demographic Cost of Sugar: Debates on Slave Societies and Natural Increase in the Americas,"

8644: 3413:" in America: an intensely religious, thoroughly righteous community designed to be an example for all of Europe. 2451: 2367: 18343: 17650: 17640: 17630: 16427: 16294: 16083: 16024: 15933: 15824: 15799: 15296: 15286: 14851: 14769: 14707: 14691: 14537: 14532: 14296: 14276: 14266: 14261: 13263: 12997: 12953: 12349: 11847: 11703: 10672: 10236: 7606:

The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 1: Atlantic America, 1492–1800

7149: 6034: 5364:

staves. These local goods were shipped to towns and cities all along the Atlantic Coast. Enterprising men set up

4265: 4011:, a series of Indian treaties that brought relative calm to the frontiers of the middle colonies for many years. 2518: 2435: 1288: 1030: 981: 10644: 5985:

Historians have paid special attention to the role of women, family, and gender in the colonial South since the

5332:

By 1750, a variety of artisans, shopkeepers, and merchants provided services to the growing farming population.

18243: 17331: 17295: 17032: 16556: 16277: 15951: 15898: 15814: 15804: 15772: 15701: 15689: 15644: 15531: 15429: 15291: 15211: 15201: 14987: 14844: 14547: 14505: 14448: 14222: 14133: 12733: 12602: 12369: 10396: 9813: 9657: 6591: 5496: 4046: 2402: 2324: 2288:

ceded Florida to Great Britain. Certain First Spanish Period structures remain today, especially those made of

2276:

Spain established several small outposts in Florida in the early 16th century. The most important of these was

2228: 2062: 771: 640: 7761:

Timothy H. Breen, "Horses and gentlemen: The cultural significance of gambling among the gentry of Virginia."

7046: 4527:

New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and eventually Massachusetts were

3074:

to America in the form of some of the continent's oldest European churches. The colonists also introduced the

2982:

The city was captured by the English in 1664; they took complete control of the colony in 1674 and renamed it

2496: 17894: 17853: 17185: 16819: 16735: 16708: 16029: 15893: 15809: 15740: 15711: 15649: 15539: 15511: 15155: 14527: 14420: 13658: 13448: 13057: 13042: 12977: 12967: 12938: 12928: 12466: 10791: 10442:

Anderson, Fred. "A People's Army: Provincial Military Service in Massachusetts during the Seven Years' War."

9774:(15 volumes) (1936–1970), Pulitzer Prize; highly detailed discussion of every British colony in the New World 9065:

http://www.understandingwhowewere.com/uploads/5/1/9/3/51931121/organized_resistance_of_maroon_communities.pdf

5659: 5561: 4925: 4900: 4873: 4811: 4784: 4372: 4072:, but it was an early indication that the British colonies of North America were headed towards unification. 3504: 2847:. Enrico Tonti was one of the first explorers to navigate and sail the upper Great Lakes. He also sailed the 2297: 2232: 1723: 1473: 1090: 1075: 1005: 995: 966: 956: 10609:"WWW-VL: HISTORY: USA: COLONIAL ERA" links to hundreds of primary and secondary documents, maps and articles 7142:"Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions" 18288: 18109: 16718: 16459: 16324: 16317: 16250: 16113: 15996: 15918: 15908: 15762: 15723: 15679: 15639: 15596: 15544: 15476: 15449: 15409: 15387: 15196: 15010: 14957: 14890: 14747: 14703: 14631: 14552: 14470: 14281: 14145: 13974: 13882: 13690: 13047: 13021: 13007: 12982: 12972: 12923: 12839: 12446: 11956: 11730: 11624: 11409: 11335: 5746:

with his policies of religious liberty and freehold ownership. The first major influx of settlers were the

5735: 5635: 4437: 3693: 3666:. In a census taken in 2000 of Americans and their self-reported ancestries, areas where people reported ' 3141: 2963:, and parts of other neighboring states. The peak population was less than 10,000. The Dutch established a 2363: 2141: 1080: 1054: 1040: 1010: 1000: 951: 877: 410: 170: 93: 30: 9833: 8687: 18318: 17686: 17635: 17386: 17265: 17145: 16979: 16765: 16506: 16245: 16196: 16011: 15913: 15836: 15718: 15614: 15439: 15424: 15362: 14997: 14952: 14759: 14641: 14495: 13477: 13373: 12943: 12212: 11589: 11554: 11097: 9520:

Duane E. Ball and Gary M. Walton. "Agricultural Productivity Change in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania."

7730: 6044: 5974: 5684: 5204: 4788: 4771:) where the Church of England was the established church. There were approximately 2,900 churches in the 4716:, but they had all closed decades before 1848 when California became a state. There were a few important 4637: 4513: 4408:

The British Parliament began a series of taxes and punishments which met more and more resistance: First

3372: 2562: 2501: 2416: 1504: 1398: 971: 961: 18021: 17336: 11073: 9955: 8018:

Slaughter, Thomas P. (1984). "The Tax Man Cometh: Ideological Opposition to Internal Taxes, 1760–1790".

4795:

or German Reformed), 5 to 8 percent being Lutheran; there was also a population of approximately 10,000

4601:

Up and down the colonies, non-English ethnic groups had clusters of settlements. The most numerous were

3378:

The non-separatist Puritans constituted a much larger group than the Pilgrims, and they established the

18323: 17748: 17600: 17402: 16745: 16596: 16541: 16380: 16149: 16019: 15851: 15831: 15819: 15629: 15619: 15301: 15206: 14819: 14809: 14336: 14331: 14321: 14316: 13838: 13067: 13052: 12917: 12431: 11773: 11549: 11519: 11484: 11293: 10803: 10797: 10665: 9935: 8768: 8537:

Jack P. Greene, "'Pluribus' or 'Unum?' White Ethnicity in the Formation of Colonial American Culture,"

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train ministers. Each city and most towns had private academies for the children of affluent families.

5134: 4792: 4764: 4760: 4744: 4376: 4069: 4054: 3980: 3829: 3342: 3319: 2754: 2316: 1912: 1660: 1100: 1085: 945: 73: 18031: 17763: 10258:

Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717–1775

6886: 6404:

The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic

5084:

About 305,326 slaves were transported to America, or less than 2% of the 12 million slaves taken from

3753:

local charity. They sought election to the House of Burgesses or appointment as justice of the peace.

2695: 2575: 2431: 18082: 18072: 17954: 17376: 17361: 17175: 17066: 17015: 16860: 16810: 16657: 16521: 16465: 15728: 15034: 14839: 14834: 14396: 13850: 13557: 13542: 13532: 13491: 13413: 13378: 12948: 12015: 11842: 11812: 11581: 11079: 10903: 10743: 9045: 8526:

Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717–1775

6664: 5647:

Some immigrants who came to colonial America were seeking religious freedom. London did not make the

5269: 5261: 4819: 4516:. Beginning late in the 17th century, the administration of all British colonies was overseen by the 4297: 4039: 3992: 3802: 3798: 3777: 3464: 3402:

colonies. During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed by Connecticut.

3300: 3105: 3079: 2711: 2320: 2096: 1915:

were separatist Puritans who fled persecution in England, first to the Netherlands and ultimately to

1509: 1438: 1403: 976: 465: 7141: 6602: 5887:

was somewhat less involved in the plantation economy, but because a major producer of naval stores.

4320:, all British subjects bought similar products, creating and anglicizing a sort of common identity. 4268:

traditions. Many Americans at the time saw the colonies' systems of governance as modeled after the

3375:

was their main leader. After its founding, other settlers traveled from England to join the colony.

2362:

Throughout the 16th century, Spain explored the southwest from Mexico. The first expedition was the

17371: 17356: 17305: 17280: 17250: 17170: 17160: 16971: 15841: 15221: 15191: 15186: 15176: 14942: 14898: 14739: 14500: 14286: 14150: 13964: 13904: 13562: 13537: 13453: 13358: 13318: 12910: 12456: 12299: 12284: 12185: 12133: 12091: 12079: 11916: 11718: 11319: 11203: 11197: 10885: 10785: 6819: 5814: 5794: 5699: 5619: 5595: 5392: 4835: 4152:

The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when

4134: 3852:, a French-speaking community of Protestants. Nearly continuous frontier warfare during the era of 3659: 3379: 3296: 3113: 2876: 2844: 2384: 2333: 2251: 2247: 2220: 1851: 1711: 1478: 1383: 1343: 938: 11993: 9496:

The Southern Frontiers, 1607–1860: The Agricultural Evolution of the Colonial and Antebellum South

8863:

Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (1990). "Of Pens and Needles: Sources in Early American Women's History".

6814: 6651: 6503:

Historical atlas of the North Pacific Ocean maps of discovery and scientific exploration 1500-2000

3780:(1975) argues that Virginians in the 1650s and for the next two centuries turned to slavery and a 3545:

and were characterized by a large degree of religious, political, economic, and ethnic diversity.

2341: 2243: 18298: 17858: 17525: 17412: 17155: 16750: 16647: 16551: 16479: 15335: 15071: 14829: 13796: 13552: 13547: 13527: 13418: 13408: 13403: 13383: 12933: 12461: 11778: 11723: 11524: 10946: 10928: 10588: 10534: 10221:

Daniels, Bruce C. "Economic Development in Colonial and Revolutionary Connecticut: An Overview,"

9896: 5575:

was a noteworthy painter of historical subjects, and two first-rate portrait painters emerged in

4624:

were the largest faction in the legislature, but they were losing their dominance to the growing

3560:. New York City attracted a large polyglot population, including a large black slave population. 3484: 3417: 3406: 3129: 2459: 2380: 2125: 1443: 1433: 1428: 1408: 16984: 11469: 9478:

Leo A. Bressler, "Agriculture among the Germans in Pennsylvania during the Eighteenth Century."

7991:

François Furstenberg, "The Significance of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier in Atlantic History,"

4456:

and begun setting up independent governments and drilling their militia in preparation for war.

3765:

rifle skills won praise; rich gentlemen who were off target won ridicule. In 1691, governor Sir

3677:, trade, and cultural exchanges. Those living in the backcountry were more likely to join with 3324: 1836: 18348: 18077: 17645: 17407: 16870: 16840: 16412: 16333: 15787: 15137: 14947: 14927: 14729: 14584: 14379: 14326: 14311: 14155: 13843: 13583: 13567: 13506: 13333: 13248: 13192: 12476: 12408: 12344: 12272: 12037: 11790: 11735: 11646: 11569: 11474: 11459: 11256: 11159: 10773: 10142:

Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia

9622:

Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia

8657: 7102:

Moller, Herbert (1945). "Sex Composition and Correlated Culture Patterns of Colonial America".

6309:

The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607–1755

6266: 5850: 5747: 5703: 5631: 5603: 5384: 5145: 5035: 4920: 4831: 4717: 4602: 4583: 4180: 4176: 4023: 3627: 3508: 3429: 3304: 3284: 2884: 2872: 2718: 2691: 2536: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2121: 1790: 1782: 1777:, and many relocated to Louisiana. The two chief armed rebellions were short-lived failures in 1545: 1524: 1358: 1273: 1217: 289: 10413:

The Ashley Cooper Plan: The Founding of Carolina and the Origins of Southern Political Culture

9942:

The Cambridge History of the British Empire: Vol. I The old empire from the beginnings to 1783

9127: 8926: 8715: 8705: 8621: 8332:

The Ashley Cooper Plan: The Founding of Carolina and the Origins of Southern Political Culture

6928: 6684: 6678: 6667:

is considered the first appointed governor of Puerto Rico, but he never arrived on the island.

6441: 5276:. Other farmers became agricultural innovators. They planted nutritious English grass such as 2387:. About a third of the population in the 21st century is descended from the Spanish settlers. 2196:'s historical presence, including claimed territories, points of interest, and expeditions in 2174: 18313: 18098: 17808: 17620: 17315: 17270: 17235: 17165: 17150: 17086: 16835: 16775: 16652: 15986: 15669: 14784: 14341: 14306: 14301: 14244: 14227: 13957: 13368: 13363: 13238: 12961: 12512: 12495: 12471: 12364: 12359: 12306: 12128: 12096: 11904: 11889: 11479: 11454: 11439: 11103: 11037: 10952: 10241: 9533: 9410:

John M. Murrin (June 1983). "No Awakening, No Revolution? More Counterfactual Speculations".

8899: 8443: 7674: 7628: 7577: 7285: 7226: 6902: 6019: 5931: 5676: 5655: 5623: 5576: 5565: 5388: 5192: 5122: 4896: 4888: 4868: 4686: 4234: 4142: 4115: 4095: 4081: 3860:

drove economic and political wedges between merchants and planters. The disaster of the 1715

3853: 3833: 3737: 3563:

New Jersey began as a division of New York, and was divided into the proprietary colonies of

3367:, by which they bound themselves together as a united community, thus establishing the small 3083: 2707: 2651: 2579: 2482: 2357: 2224: 1750:. These groups all became part of the United States when it gained its independence in 1776. 1747: 1393: 1388: 1263: 989: 553: 498: 476: 9850: 9483: 7818: 5651:

official in the colonies, and it never sent a bishop, so religious practice became diverse.

4049:(1740–1748) in Europe. This conflict spilled over into the colonies, where it was known as " 2566: 2179: 182: 18163: 18114: 17215: 17210: 17200: 16946: 16698: 16693: 16442: 16338: 15466: 15340: 15231: 14609: 14041: 14021: 13969: 13919: 13860: 13791: 13639: 13458: 13423: 13328: 13303: 12992: 12489: 12441: 12381: 12217: 12138: 11998: 11921: 11879: 11758: 11708: 11693: 11676: 11576: 11464: 11434: 11173: 11121: 10994: 10916: 10779: 10749: 10699: 8074:

The nation-state and global order : a historical introduction to contemporary politics

7439:

Bodle, Wayne (1994). "Themes and Directions in Middle Colonies Historiography, 1980–1994".

6250:"Board of Trade and Secretaries of State: America and West Indies, Original Correspondence" 6249: 5672: 5611: 5380: 5208: 5157: 5012: 4827: 4807: 4752: 4589:

Finally, the Americans were fascinated by and increasingly adopted the political values of

4453: 4333: 4317: 4242: 4050: 4015: 4004: 3865: 3812: 3806: 3616: 3257: 3230: 3185: 3168: 3048: 2983: 2911:

to let the "feeble" colonial power stay in control of the area. The situation changed when

2746: 2738: 2703: 2663: 2542: 2372: 2089: 1928: 1920: 1797: 1786: 1785:. Some of the colonies developed legalized systems of slavery, centered largely around the 1778: 1727: 1680: 1604: 1483: 1448: 1353: 1328: 1025: 1015: 322: 311: 256: 112: 9867:

The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century

7064: 4957:

The experiences of women varied greatly from colony to colony during the colonial era. In

3864:

threatened the colony's viability and set off a decade of political turmoil. By 1729, the

2967:

system with feudal-like rights given to a few powerful landholders; they also established

2203:

Starting in the 16th century, Spain built a colonial empire in the Americas consisting of

1847:

foundation of merchant-based investment that seemed to need much less government support.

8: 18355: 18001: 17758: 17381: 17260: 17240: 17225: 17205: 17190: 16961: 16760: 16490: 16394: 15878: 15794: 15604: 15320: 15005: 14636: 13833: 13443: 13393: 13348: 13338: 13323: 13313: 13298: 13278: 13253: 13243: 13233: 12987: 12807: 12797: 12239: 11988: 11681: 11599: 11594: 11544: 11444: 11312: 11248: 11109: 10976: 10849: 10809: 10709: 5942: 5830: 5805:

Much of the architecture of the Middle Colonies reflects the diversity of its people. In

5766: 5513: 5451: 4985: 4768: 4681: 4532: 4357: 4305: 4146: 4119: 3948: 3909: 3894: 3881: 3857: 3663: 3651: 3496: 3480: 3445: 3437: 3241: 3222: 3195: 2968: 2892: 2836: 2687: 2683: 2655: 2312: 2212: 1859: 1805: 1743: 1735: 1468: 1418: 1373: 1363: 1348: 1338: 1323: 1303: 1278: 1268: 1258: 1020: 845: 835: 245: 137: 59: 10383:

The Origins of American Diplomacy: The International History of Anglo-America, 1492–1763

10018: 8319: 7427: 6645: 4919:

The First Great Awakening focused on people who were already church members, unlike the

18293: 18253: 17823: 17778: 17300: 17290: 17220: 16683: 16546: 16516: 15118: 15106: 14824: 14814: 14791: 14774: 14170: 13914: 13909: 13781: 13463: 13438: 13343: 13283: 13258: 13228: 13218: 12817: 12812: 12802: 12792: 12505: 12483: 12003: 11862: 11837: 11807: 11768: 11651: 11494: 11272: 11185: 10755: 10737: 10541: 10376: 10295: 10285: 10203: 10066: 10058: 10001: 9945: 9911: 9860: 9674: 9435: 9227: 8880: 8599: 8387: 8281: 8152: 8100: 8035: 7932: 7456: 7320: 7174: 7166: 7119: 6764: 6574: 6529: 6429: 6155: 5998: 5486: 5459: 5277: 5265: 5217: 5212: 5153: 5028: 4815: 4776: 4756: 4543: 4539: 4238: 4045:

One event that reminded colonists of their shared identity as British subjects was the

3926: 3781: 3713: 3492: 3399: 3288: 3261: 3226: 3163: 2920: 2758: 2699: 2353: 2336:, which was quickly annexed by the United States. The United States took possession of 2267: 2239: 1664: 1488: 1463: 1368: 1308: 1283: 1253: 1243: 855: 850: 840: 830: 366: 344: 9713:

Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History

9282:

The Puritan Family: Religion and Domestic Relations in Seventeenth-Century New England

8980: 8795:

Mitre and Sceptre: Transatlantic Faiths, Ideas, Personalities, and Politics, 1689–1775

8782:

A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons, and Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690–1776

8358:

Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689–1776

7398:

Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History

7228:

Dr. Alexander Hamilton and Provincial America: Expanding the Orbit of Scottish Culture

6881: 5671:

promote their viewpoints, the two sides established academies and colleges, including

4249:

cities of colonial America were truly British cities in the eyes of many inhabitants.

2128:'s expedition to Florida's Gulf coast (1528–36), Pensacola in West Florida (1559–61), 17944: 17904: 17728: 17436: 17310: 17285: 17245: 17230: 17180: 17111: 17081: 16938: 16897: 15861: 15017: 14369: 13867: 13786: 13771: 13635: 13398: 13353: 13293: 13268: 13223: 13166: 12403: 12234: 12047: 11634: 11429: 11390: 11240: 10982: 10867: 10719: 10688: 10386: 10337:(2010) 67#2 pp. 347–375 in JSTOR, covers historiography of environmental history 10116: 9755: 9717: 9578: 9427: 9333: 8986: 8959: 8932: 8905: 8719: 8285: 8273: 8223: 8187: 8177: 8156: 8144: 8088: 8078: 7939: 7824: 7680: 7609: 7581: 7570: 7291: 7232: 7178: 6908: 6744: 6738: 6721: 6688: 6517: 6507: 6445: 6434: 6409: 6402: 6383:

David J. Weber,"The Spanish legacy in North America and the historical imagination."

6232: 6198: 6089: 5868: 5667: 5648: 5627: 5501: 5475: 5471:

politics or metaphysics. American scientific activity was pursued by such people as:

5249: 4877: 4772: 4748: 4691: 4680:

The first religious services held in colonial America were Anglican services held in

4646:

Mortality was very high for new arrivals, and high for children in the colonial era.

4337: 4169: 4145:(1754–1763) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the 4105: 4091: 4065: 4000: 3890: 3816: 3766: 3717: 3697: 3468: 3383: 3364: 3350: 3153: 3109: 3056: 3052: 2852: 2840: 2734: 2671: 2586: 2443: 2208: 2136:

in Virginia (1570–71). The French failed at Parris Island, South Carolina (1562–63),

1961: 1908: 1809: 1766: 1668: 1652: 1600: 1423: 1378: 1318: 1293: 1248: 1191: 210: 132: 10632: 10619: 10608: 10070: 9711: 9562:

The urban crucible: The northern seaports and the origins of the American revolution

6625: 4219:

The colonies were very different from one another but they were still a part of the

3732:—were from Virginia. The two oldest public universities are also in the South: the 2486: 2133: 18283: 17969: 17934: 17843: 17828: 17813: 17773: 17585: 17275: 16956: 16951: 16865: 16790: 16740: 16642: 16531: 16526: 15777: 15624: 15330: 15150: 14160: 14001: 13984: 13979: 13818: 13428: 13308: 13273: 13171: 13086: 13081: 12572: 12010: 11973: 11899: 11857: 11753: 11713: 11514: 11509: 11012: 10988: 10922: 10897: 10855: 10714: 10638: 10625: 10195: 10048: 10040: 9993: 9666: 9419: 9219: 8872: 8485:

On the historiography, see Alan Tully, "Colonial Politics," in Daniel Vickers ed.

8379: 8265: 8215: 8136: 8027: 7546: 7530:

Seedtime of the Republic: the origin of the American tradition of political liberty

7448: 7158: 7111: 6190: 6147: 5858: 5806: 5731: 5695: 5680: 5615: 5114: 4425: 4368: 4329: 4261: 3905: 3721: 3701: 3611:

The predominant culture of the south was rooted in the settlement of the region by

3553: 3530: 3457: 3410: 3391: 3020: 2875:

stretched thousands of miles from modern Louisiana north to the largely unexplored

2860: 2826: 2678:

by France starting in the early 17th century. It was composed of several colonies:

2606: 2570: 2558: 2447: 2301: 1453: 1333: 1298: 1196: 1119: 1114: 596: 421: 4549:

Massachusetts, Providence Plantation, Rhode Island, Warwick, and Connecticut were

4101: 3260:

occurred, but was suppressed by royal officials. After Bacon's Rebellion, African

3004: 1840: 18303: 17848: 17788: 17753: 17743: 17140: 17061: 16989: 16934: 16845: 16814: 16770: 16703: 16662: 16622: 16611: 16581: 15486: 15262: 15160: 14932: 14232: 14165: 13934: 13855: 13801: 13496: 13433: 13388: 13288: 12294: 12227: 12123: 12084: 11968: 11911: 11783: 11686: 11584: 11504: 11499: 11449: 11209: 11127: 11085: 11049: 10891: 10873: 10861: 10767: 10724: 10704: 10649: 10595: 10582: 9607:

Cynthia A. Kierner, "Gender, Families, and Households in the Southern Colonies,"

9327: 9314: 9134: 9052: 8628: 8303: 7737: 7000: 6989: 6869: 6632: 6609: 6340: 6284:

British Committees, Commissions, and Councils of Trade and Plantations, 1622–1675

6094: 5770: 5707: 5591: 5556:(1754). Most music had a religious theme, as well, and was mainly the singing of 5281: 4907:

denominations. It brought Christianity to the slaves and was a powerful event in

4892: 4839: 4823: 4709: 4625: 4449: 4445: 4429: 4413: 4409: 4394: 4192: 4061: 4035: 3868:

had collapsed, and the Proprietors sold both colonies back to the British crown.

3674: 3647: 3623: 3524: 3483:, the New England colonies, New York, and the Jerseys were briefly united as the 3453: 3395: 3368: 3349:

separatists who felt that they needed to physically distance themselves from the

3292: 3145: 3125: 3117: 3095: 3028: 3013: 2888: 2880: 2750: 2514: 2491: 2485:(land grant ranches), along the southern and central coast of California. Father 2466: 2271: 1932: 1916: 1892: 1801: 1751: 1739: 1514: 1458: 1413: 1313: 388: 9465:

Richard H. Shryock, "British versus German traditions in colonial agriculture."

7024: 6559: 3939:

Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain in 1763, which established the colonies of

3673:

The early colonists, especially the Scots-Irish in the back-country, engaged in

3556:. Meanwhile, Yankees from New England started moving in, as did immigrants from 2140:

on Florida's Atlantic coast (1564–65), Saint Croix Island, Maine (1604–05), and

17899: 17793: 16795: 16627: 16616: 16561: 16536: 15956: 15856: 15239: 14374: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14026: 13889: 13823: 13176: 12244: 12222: 12200: 12178: 12173: 11698: 11629: 11559: 11304: 11167: 11141: 10837: 9538:, Suzanne Ellery Greene, Woodland Hills, California: Windsor Publications, 1980 9078:

Cities in the Wilderness; The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742

8955:

Cities in the Wilderness – The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625–1742

8404:

Richard R. Beeman, "The Varieties of Deference in Eighteenth-Century America,"

7978:

Alison. Games, "Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges, and Opportunities,"

7137: 6960:

The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America

5993: 5986: 5970: 5884: 5880: 5849:

farmers generally preferred oxen rather than horses to pull their plows, while

5754:

came to escape the religious conflicts and declining economic opportunities in

5742:

founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1682, and attracted an influx of British

5580: 5004: 4554: 4550: 4521: 4517: 4417: 4364: 4281: 4220: 4161: 4008: 3433: 3249: 3245: 3064: 3044: 2956: 2932: 2848: 2722: 2455: 2439: 2193: 2145: 2079: 1855: 1691: 1676: 1672: 1201: 278: 10312:

The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America

10082: 8851:

The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America

8448:

The Rise of the Legal Profession in America: Volume 1, The Colonial Experience

8370:

Pole, J. R. (1962). "Historians and the Problem of Early American Democracy".

7162: 3974: 3128:, and nearly all Russians abandoned the area except a few missionaries of the 2593:

The last half of the 19th century was marked by the Puerto Rican struggle for

2411: 18389: 18197: 17964: 17949: 17939: 17919: 17868: 17838: 17833: 17768: 17595: 17449: 16855: 16713: 16511: 16349: 14937: 14237: 14046: 13681: 12386: 12163: 11091: 10843: 10824: 9841:

Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America

9431: 9408:

has questioned the concept of a Great Awakening, but most historians use it.

9173:

A New England Town, The First Hundred Years: Dedham, Massachusetts, 1636–1736

9095:

Cities in the Wilderness-The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625–1742

8711: 8641:

Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America

8277: 8148: 8092: 6202: 5922: 5872: 5845:

Ethnicity made a difference in agricultural practice. This can be seen where

5810: 5572: 5539: 5492: 5312: 5296: 5233: 5184:

created self-governing communities of religious congregations of farmers, or

5161: 5126: 5024: 5008: 4993: 4989: 4810:

had established churches prior to the Revolutionary War, all Congregational (

4610: 4031: 3996: 3825: 3820: 3725: 3662:. They were the largest group of colonists from the British Isles before the 3654:(later called the Scots-Irish) immigrated and settled in the back country of 3631: 3549: 3488: 3354: 3328: 2972: 2946: 2821: 2787: 2742: 2647: 2613: 2376: 2197: 2153: 2149: 2137: 1896: 1683:. Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades. 1656: 1648: 10186:

Crane, Verner W. (April 1919). "The Southern Frontier in Queen Anne's War".

8838:

The First Great Awakening: Redefining Religion in British America, 1725–1775

8191: 6521: 3108:

in the 1730s and early 1740s. Their first settlement was founded in 1784 by

2829:

by 1752 had a French population of 2,500; it was located to the west of the

1850:

Initially, matters concerning the colonies were dealt with primarily by the

18192: 17909: 17889: 17863: 17783: 17590: 17535: 17520: 17366: 17351: 17346: 16875: 16805: 16606: 16591: 16485: 16453: 15244: 15216: 14271: 12375: 12311: 11852: 11115: 10970: 10964: 8209: 7676:

Gentry and Common Folk: Political Culture on a Virginia Frontier, 1740–1789

5918: 5876: 5826: 5798: 5739: 5727: 5599: 5521: 5353: 5311:

The furniture of the time was very basic, common household items include a

5130: 4978: 4974: 4851: 4659: 4617: 4528: 4509: 4402: 4389: 4384: 4229: 4200: 4196: 4110: 3985: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3729: 3705: 3583: 3575: 3538: 3040: 2900: 2831: 2800: 2774: 2337: 2329: 1884: 1879: 1687: 10494:

In the Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity

10053: 8219: 6174: 5730:

had reached nearly 300,000 people. By 1750, about 60,000 Irish and 50,000

4393:

was published in 1776. Another group that called for independence was the

4336:, and ideas flowed back and forth across the Atlantic, with Philadelphian 3194:(1712–1756) was a Scottish-born doctor and writer who lived and worked in 3158: 2553:. On November 19, 1493, he landed on the island of Puerto Rico, naming it 2307:

In 1763, Spain traded Florida to Great Britain in exchange for control of

1907:

The prospect of religious persecution by authorities of the crown and the

17959: 17914: 17818: 17738: 17625: 17025: 17020: 15521: 15052: 14389: 14291: 14031: 13894: 13650: 12267: 12195: 12111: 11931: 11656: 11055: 10940: 10934: 10483:

Roots of Conflict: British Armed Forces and Colonial Americans, 1677-1763

10044: 7601: 6788:

Havard, Vidal, Histoire de L’Amérique française, Flammarion, 2003, p. 67.

6501: 6194: 5774: 5759: 5711: 5479: 5396: 5345: 5337: 5300: 5292: 5260:

Some farmers obtained land grants to create farms in undeveloped land in

5240: 5196: 5149: 5016: 4958: 4936: 4908: 4721: 4704:

in 1620 and whose separatist faith motivated their move from Europe. The

4452:(1775). By this point, the 13 colonies had organized themselves into the 4313: 4289: 4184: 3952: 3861: 3712:, all from Virginia. Indeed, the entire region dominated politics in the 3568: 3564: 3177: 3071: 2904: 2808: 2792: 2667: 2642: 2617: 2594: 2523: 2470: 1924: 1831: 1770: 1731: 1719: 10333:

Mancall, Peter C. "Pigs for Historians: Changes in the Land and Beyond"

10251: 10171: 10145: 10062: 9625: 8985:. Cincinnati, Ohio : Writer's Digest Books. pp. 209, 212–213. 8603: 7324: 6725: 6578: 6372: 6356: 5786: 4508:

In the British colonies, the three forms of government were provincial (

4344:

Furstenberg calls a "Long War for the West" over control of the region.

3999:(who governed New York, New England, and Virginia at various times) and 3409:". They fled England and attempted to create a "nation of saints" or a " 2189: 1793:. By 1760, France was defeated and its colonies were seized by Britain. 18119: 17884: 17798: 17666: 16678: 16637: 16417: 14384: 14190: 14016: 14011: 13929: 12354: 12262: 12168: 12101: 11874: 11179: 11135: 10504: 10447: 10406: 10275: 10226: 10207: 10099: 10005: 9765: 9678: 9439: 9405: 9311:

Rural economy in New England at the beginning of the nineteenth century

8884: 8391: 8334:. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. 142–181. 8253: 8124: 8039: 7885:

The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War

7460: 7170: 7123: 7087:

The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft vol. 33: History of Alaska, 1730–1885

6857:

Isaac Lippincott, "Industry among the French in the Illinois country."

6159: 5961:

The Southern Colonies were mainly dominated by the wealthy planters in

5946: 5723: 5333: 5020: 4747:

and probably did not comprise even 30 percent of the population in the

4713: 4655: 4433: 4293: 4241:, and participated in the intellectual currents of Europe, such as the 4188: 4160:". During the war, the position of the British colonies as part of the 3709: 3655: 3534: 3036: 3009: 2995: 2960: 2855:, to its mouth and thereupon claimed the length of the Mississippi for 2633: 2510: 2420: 1755: 1703: 531: 377: 12190: 10434:

The War That Made America a Short History of the French and Indian War

9231: 8269: 8140: 7311:

Schlesinger, Arthur M. (1962). "The Aristocracy in Colonial America".

7047:"OLDEST – Log House in North America – Superlatives on Waymarking.com" 6845: 5687:. The Great Awakening has been called the first truly American event. 5552:, 1702), and revivalist Jonathan Edwards wrote his philosophical work 4538:

Pennsylvania (which included Delaware), New Jersey, and Maryland were

4129:

Territorial changes following the French and Indian War; land held by

4125: 3828:. The expedition located fertile and defensible ground at what became 1919:

in 1620. Over the following 20 years, people fleeing persecution from

17996: 16755: 16601: 15873: 15866: 12020: 11639: 11489: 11043: 10457:(Osprey, 2002), heavily illustrated; focus on uniforms and equipment. 10272:

Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century

8072: 7194:

James Davie Butler, "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies,"

5926: 5818: 5663: 5316: 5089: 5011:

in 1643. Leisure activity for women of the time included playing the

4904: 4705: 4700: 4157: 3849: 3841: 3441: 3359: 3333: 3264:

rapidly replaced indentured servants as Virginia's main labor force.

3253: 3199: 3121: 3075: 2976: 2975:

was founded in 1625 and located at the southern tip of the island of

2895:

around 1700, and continued to grow reaching 7,000 French immigrants.

2856: 2204: 2165: 2156:

became the first English child born in America; her fate is unknown.

1759: 10657: 10199: 10135:

The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards

9997: 9918:

Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. 2: The Eighteenth Century

9670: 9423: 8876: 8383: 8171: 8031: 7452: 7352:

The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards

7115: 6151: 5734:

came to live in British North America, many of them settling in the

5564:

of Massachusetts, an interpreter of Calvinism and the leader of the

2795:, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years. 2569:, a lieutenant under Columbus, who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique 1789:. Wars were recurrent between the French and the British during the 17929: 16586: 14056: 14006: 12396: 12334: 12106: 12025: 10879: 10342:

American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

10079:

The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth-Century America

9934:(1940) online 800pp; a major survey of social and cultural history 9869:(1988), passim; vol 1 of "The Oxford history of the British Empire" 9223: 7779:

American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

7065:"Meeting of Frontiers: Alaska – The Russian Colonization of Alaska" 5966: 5962: 5892: 5888: 5691: 5607: 5554:

A Careful and Strict Enquiry Into...Notions of...Freedom of Will...

5407: 5349: 5181: 5169: 4962: 4899:, and German Reformed denominations, and it strengthened the small 4728: 4695: 4654:

Mortality was high for infants and small children, especially from

4424:(1773). In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the 3837: 3696:, was founded in 1693 in Virginia; it pioneered in the teaching of 3682: 3678: 3574:

Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 as a proprietary colony of Quaker

3542: 3487:(1686–1689). The administration was eventually led by Governor Sir 3346: 3315: 3051:. The colony also had settlements near the present-day location of 3043:. The several hundred settlers were centered around the capital of 3032: 2912: 2816: 2812: 2782: 2778: 1774: 10366:

Wandering souls : Protestant migrations in America, 1630–1865

9786:

The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America, 1607–1783

6947:

The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia

6097:, the name for the emerging nation, 1775–1776, before independence 4876:

was a key leader and a powerful intellectual in colonial America.

4288:. The codes of law of the colonies were often drawn directly from 4086: 3511:

sought to unite the New England colonies militarily by appointing

2706:). These colonies came under British or Spanish control after the 2620:

of 1900, the U.S. Congress established Puerto Rico's status as an

2550: 16632: 10118:

Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America

9901:

Major Problems in American Colonial History: Documents and Essays

8808:

Inventing a Christian America: The Myth of the Religious Founding

5950: 5854: 5846: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5662:, a Massachusetts preacher who sought to return to the Pilgrims' 5273: 5101: 4970: 4913: 4737: 4663: 4647: 4621: 4606: 4421: 3886: 3824:

capital and financed a settlement mission to the area led by Sir

3686: 3579: 3557: 2964: 2769: 2602: 2598: 2289: 2183: 1769:

were taken over and most of the inhabitants were assimilated. In

1707: 69: 10474:

Grenier, John. "Warfare during the Colonial Era, 1607–1765." In

10393:

People of Prowess Sport Leisure and Labor in Early Anglo-America

10233:

Puritans at Play: Leisure and Recreation in Colonial New England

7272:

Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607–2007

6367:

David J. Weber,"The Spanish Borderlands, Historiography Redux."

5172:, who brought large numbers of African slaves from that island. 4168:

British officers trained American ones for battle, most notably

4003:(governed Maryland, Virginia, Nova Scotia, and Carolina). After 3840:

and brought enslaved Africans with them. Barbados was a wealthy

2859:. He is credited with founding the settlement that would become 2654:, which was part of the greater worldwide conflict known as the 1796:

On the eastern seaboard, the four distinct English regions were

1722:, the Virginian Cavaliers, the English Catholics and Protestant 11026:

Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States

7792:

Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A history of Virginia 1607–2007

6680:

The Tainos- Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus

6650:(in Spanish). Valencia, Spain: Francisco Vives Moras. pp. 5863: 5801:, where 80 percent of the buildings were made entirely of stone 5557: 5535: 5376: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5195:

which the Puritans founded was not automatically joined by all

5185: 5118: 5093: 5088:. The great majority went to sugarcane-growing colonies in the 5085: 4582:

farmers, artisans, Anglicans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Germans,

4398: 4225: 4019: 3204:

Gentleman's Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton

3104:

Russia explored the area that became Alaska, starting with the

3063:. The colony was captured by the Dutch in 1655 and merged into 2941: 2679: 2308: 1695: 9638:

Georgia's Frontier Women: Female Fortunes in a Southern Colony

8812:

God of Liberty: A Religious History of the American Revolution

8616:

Richard H. Shryock, "Eighteenth Century Medicine in America,"

6321:

Sheils, William Joseph (2004). "Matthew, Tobie (1544?–1628)".

6177:

God, Greed, and Genocide: The Holocaust Through the Centuries,

4351: 4272:

of the time, with the king corresponding to the governor, the

2811:

region. Enrico Tonti founded the first European settlement in

10650:

Articles related to the colonial history of the United States

10011: 9742:

North America in Colonial Times: An Encyclopedia for Students

8739: 8737: 8735: 7856:

Kenneth Coleman, Kenneth. Colonial Georgia: a history (1976).

6603:

Etext of Spanish exploration of west coast, including diaries

6440:. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. pp. 5905: 5571:

Art and drama were somewhat more successful than literature.

5443:

History of education in the United States § Colonial Era

5228: 4932: 4855: 4260:

expressed by opposition leaders in Britain, most notably the

4027: 4014:

The northern colonies experienced numerous assaults from the

2129: 1699: 10548:

North America and the Atlantic World: A History in Documents

10107:

A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York

8419:

A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York

8345:

A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York

6848:", Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 6085:

Social history of soldiers and veterans in the United States

5977:. Most white men owned some land, and therefore could vote. 4481:

element of uncertainty in the financial dynamics of credit.

4405:

and which was now becoming even more strident and numerous.

10598:

Worlds of Change: Colonial North America at Harvard Library

10302:

Colonial America: Essays in Politics and Social Development

8173:

Uncommon ground : rethinking the human place in nature

7867:

The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin

6718:

Advance in the Antilles; the new era in Cuba and Porto Rico

6065:

List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America

5901: 5694:

were growing rapidly both in the north, where they founded

4628:

faction based on Scotch-Irish votes, supported by Germans.

4546:

and typically enjoyed greater civil and religious liberty.

4246: 3529:

The Middle Colonies consisted of the present-day states of

3248:. The business venture was financed and coordinated by the 2216: 1911:

prompted a significant number of colonization efforts. The

1651:

from the early 16th century until the incorporation of the

147: 10469:

Colonial Wars of North America, 1512-1763: An Encyclopedia

10087:

Beer, George Louis. "British Colonial Policy, 1754–1765,"

9876:(2006). 236pp; the latest scholarly history of New England 9874:

Saints and Strangers: New England in British North America

9762:

Colonial Wars of North America, 1512–1763: An Encyclopedia

9298:

The Great Meadow: Farmers and the Land in Colonial Concord

9186:

Saints and Strangers: New England in British North America

8732: 8300:

English Colonies in America: Volume IV The Middle Colonies

6986:

English Colonies in America: Volume IV The Middle Colonies

5717: 5666:

roots and to reawaken the "Fear of God." English preacher

3951:. They were returned to Spain in 1783 in exchange for the 3947:. The Floridas remained loyal to Great Britain during the 3386:

by creating a new, pure church in the New World. By 1640,

2211:, parts of Latin America (including Puerto Rico), and the 128: 16781:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

10373:

Empires to nations : expansion in America, 1713–1824

9984:

Andrews, Charles M. (October 1914). "Colonial Commerce".

6351:

David J. Weber, "The Spanish Frontier in North America."

5411: 5400: 2674:, and other major tributary rivers that was explored and 2505:("The Royal Road"). They were established to convert the 9454:

Becoming German: The 1709 Palatine Migration to New York

8699: 8697: 8695: 7648:"Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2005" 6070:

List of North American settlements by year of foundation

5531:

than anything produced by Voltaire, Locke, or Rousseau.

4477:

for the former while remaining communal for the latter.

2426:

Spanish explorers sailed along the coast of present-day

10555:

The American Colonies and the British Empire, 1607–1783

10478:

ed by James C. Bradford, (2010) pp 9–21. Historiography

10265:

Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World

9903:(1999) short excerpts from scholars and primary sources 9329:

The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America

9160:

Charleston! Charleston!: The History of a Southern City

8982:

The writer's guide to everyday life in Colonial America

8901:

Founding Mothers : The women who raised our nation

7023:. Richard Stokton College of New Jersey. Archived from 5372:

along wagon roads to serve this transportation system.

5100:

shelter the recently escaped. Subsequent treaties with

4998:

Founding Mothers : The women who raised our nation

2144:(1685–89). The most notable English failures were the " 36:"Colonial America" redirects here. For other uses, see 16392: 10529:

Foundations of Colonial America: A Documentary History

10216:

Papist Devils: Catholics in British America, 1574–1783

9752:

The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America

9367:

American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783

9354:

American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783

8825:

Papist Devils: Catholics in British America, 1574–1783

8707:

The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America

7750:

The Formalizing of Sport and the Formation of an Elite

7378:

Americans and their land: the house built on abundance

7365:

Redeemer nation: the idea of America's millennial role

5458:, built between 1718 and 1720, the oldest building at 4118:

and reemerged several decades later in support of the

3958: 3031:

from 1638 to 1655 and encompassed land in present-day

2152:

in Maine (1607–08). It was at the Roanoke Colony that

10304:(6th ed. 2010), 606pp; essays by 28 leading scholars 8692: 8054:

Revolutionary America, 1763–1815; A Political History

7637:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.361–368 6765:"Western colonialism - European expansion since 1763" 6592:

Development of Spanish ports and fleets on west coast

5395:

in Rhode Island. Merchants then exported them to the

3382:

in 1629 with 400 settlers. They sought to reform the

3124:

for their fur from native hunters. In 1867, the U.S.

2791:, making him "The Father of Arkansas". He co-founded 1902: 10823:

Other British colonial entities in the contemporary

9954:(1965) comprehensive survey of intellectual history 9210:

Clarke, Hermann F. (1937). "John Hull: Mintmaster".

6929:"Louisiana Purchase – Thomas Jefferson's Monticello" 6900: 5706:, where they challenged the previously unquestioned 5375:

These products were delivered to port towns such as

5049:

Slavery in the colonial history of the United States

4984:

Like the many wives of founders and soldiers of the

4609:. Each group assimilated into the dominant English, 3716:

era: for example, four of the first five presidents—

3602:

thinks he has a right to Civility from the greatest.

2955:, or New Netherland, was a colonial province of the 2332:

revolted against the Spanish in 1810 and formed the

10546:Rushforth, Brett, Paul Mapp, and Alan Taylor, eds. 10462:

Struggle for a continent: the wars of early America

9983: 7816: 7313:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

7287:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America

6647:

Puerto Rico y su historia: Investigaciones críticas

6484: 5904:and corn since flax was a high demand in the Irish 5765:Thousands of poor German farmers, chiefly from the 10637:is available for free viewing and download at the 10624:is available for free viewing and download at the 10320:From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers 10250:(1989), comprehensive look at major ethnic groups 10115: 9952:Seeds of Liberty: The Genesis of the American Mind 9781:(2011) excerpt and text search; 400 entries; 492pp 9549:Cities in revolt: urban life in America, 1743–1776 9111:Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776 9082:Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776 8925:Green, Harry Clinton; Green, Mary Wolcott (1912). 7931: 7914:The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution 7569: 6433: 6401: 4887:The Awakening had a major impact in reshaping the 3646:In the mid- to late-18th century, large groups of 2231:, though Louisiana reverted to France in the 1800 10499:Pargellis, Stanley McCrory. "Braddock’s Defeat", 9772:The British Empire Before the American Revolution 7843:Hugh Talmage Lefler, and William Stevens Powell, 7672: 7339:Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War 7283: 7224: 5287: 4844:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 18387: 15085:Native American recognition in the United States 11334: 7701:American Colonies: The Settling of North America 6399: 5495:, physician, social reformer, and member of the 11007:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island 10247:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America 9891:The Brave New World: A History of Early America 8618:Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 8254:"Money, Mortgages, and the Conquest of America" 8125:"Money, Mortgages, and the Conquest of America" 7634:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America 7576:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 6025:Chronology of the colonization of North America 4880:came over from England and made many converts. 3622:The French and Spanish established colonies in 3047:, at the location of what is today the city of 2777:, who founded the first European settlement in 1742:who settled the mid-Atlantic colonies, and the 18229:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 16379: 9883:(1905) old, comprehensive overview by scholar 9596:Virginia, 1705–1786: Democracy or Aristocracy? 9409: 7965:David Armitage and Michael J. Braddick, eds., 6237:English People on Eve of Colonization, 1603–30 5941:Shopkeepers, artisans, shipwrights, butchers, 5315:, benches and stools, while chairs were rare. 4884:made religion personal to the average person. 4497: 4133:prior to 1763 is shown in red; land gained by 3027:) was a Swedish colony that existed along the 2489:, founded the first missions in Spanish upper 2120:Spain had numerous failed attempts, including 1864:Secretary of State for the Southern Department 1647:covers the period of European colonization of 16365: 15482:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 13666: 11605:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 11320: 10673: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6296:American and West Indian colonies before 1782 2662:New France was the vast area centered on the 2469:who created a series of missions operated by 2097: 1624: 12529:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 10096:First Generations: Women in Colonial America 9818: 9573:Robert W. Twyman and David C. Roller, eds., 9007:First Generations: Women in Colonial America 8105:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7916:(1967); Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds. 7266: 7264: 6596: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 5462:, the first U.S. university, founded in 1636 5268:or bought plots of land from speculators in 4504:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies 3578:. The main population elements included the 2959:chartered in 1614, in what became New York, 2513:converted the native peoples into groups of 2311:, which the British had captured during the 2256:Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest 1823: 1765:Over time, non-British colonies East of the 17342:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 9969:Colonial America: A Very Short Introduction 9910:(2010), short survey for secondary schools 9733:Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies 8951: 8743: 8672:History of the Religious Society of Friends 8432:Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies 7879: 7877: 7875: 7608:. Yale University Press. pp. 175–176. 7310: 6904:New Orleans, 1718–1812: An Economic History 6797:Jacqueline Peterson, Jennifer S. H. Brown, 6622:A History of California: The Spanish Period 5034:By the mid-18th century, the values of the 4616:Ethnocultural factors were most visible in 4352:Growing dissent and the American Revolution 2979:, which grew to become a major world city. 2825:, making him "The Father of Arkansas". The 1773:, however, the British expelled the French 18219:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 16473:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 16372: 16358: 13680: 13673: 13659: 11327: 11313: 10680: 10666: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9393:A Religious History of the American People 9380:A Religious History of the American People 8924: 8684:A Religious History of the American People 7895: 7893: 7543:"Indentured Servitude in Colonial America" 7198:2 (October 1896): 12–33; Thomas Keneally, 6670: 6542: 6534:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6400:Linebaugh, Peter; Rediker, Marcus (2001). 3474: 2923:in 1803, doubling the size of the nation. 2883:. It was generally divided into Upper and 2104: 2090: 1938: 1631: 1617: 18396:Colonization history of the United States 15095:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 12053:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10579:Colonial America 1600–1775, K12 Resources 10553:Sarson, Steven, and Jack P. Greene, eds. 10052: 9779:Historical Dictionary of Colonial America 9654: 9031:Includes 10,000 to Louisiana before 1803. 8744:Barck, Oscar T.; Lefler, Hugh T. (1958). 8017: 7823:. Princeton University Press. p. 9. 7820:Social Structure of Revolutionary America 7392: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7380:(University of Michigan Press, 2006) p 29 7261: 7250: 7248: 6172: 6109: 5992:Very few women were present in the early 5510:The History and present State of Virginia 4953:Native American women in Colonial America 4459: 4214: 3116:was formed in 1799 with the influence of 2347: 1814:decline of the Native American population 10317: 10260:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996) 9594:Robert E. Brown and B. Katherine Brown, 8703: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8207: 8169: 7995:June 2008, Vol. 113 Issue 3, pp 647–677, 7872: 7572:The Transformation of Virginia 1740–1790 7202:, Random House Publishing, Sydney, 2005. 6213: 5785: 5450: 5436: 5291: 5227: 4676:History of religion in the United States 4642:History of medicine in the United States 4124: 4100: 4085: 4075: 3973: 3920: 3885: 3323: 3240:The first successful English colony was 3157: 3003: 2971:and free trade. The colony's capital of 2957:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 2940: 2768: 2764: 2641: 2410: 2188: 2173: 144:History of the United States (1776–1789) 15146:List of counties and county equivalents 12208:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 10166:Carr, Lois Green and Philip D. Morgan. 10016: 9825:(the standard overview in four volumes) 9821:The Colonial Period of American History 9643: 9611:, Aug 2007, Vol. 73 Issue 3, pp 643–658 8897: 8565:Health and Wellness in Colonial America 8554:March 1974, Vol. 41 Issue 2, pp 125–159 8434:(1993) vol 1 pp 341–62, 391–402; 435–39 7982:June 2006, Vol. 111 Issue 3, pp 741–757 7923: 7890: 7136: 6840: 6838: 6585: 6323:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5718:Delaware Valley and Mid-Atlantic region 5340:, and furniture makers set up shops in 5223: 5133:(population 23,000), and Charles Town ( 4195:, from which it formed the colonies of 3363:. Upon their arrival, they drew up the 2897:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle 2887:. This vast tract was first settled at 2805:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle 164:This article is part of a series on the 14: 18406:European colonization of North America 18388: 18224:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 10476:Companion to American Military History 10420:Slavery in Colonial America, 1619–1776 10104: 9925:Colonial America: A History, 1565–1776 9838: 9798:(2006), long topics essays by scholars 9709: 9332:. Writer's Digest Books. p. 204. 9325: 9209: 9122:Benjamin L. Carp, "Cities in review," 8978: 8952:Bridenbaugh, Carl (January 14, 2013). 8862: 8592:The South Carolina Historical Magazine 8203: 8201: 8118: 8116: 8066: 8064: 8062: 7929: 7918:A Companion to the American Revolution 7600: 7383: 7245: 7101: 6809: 6807: 6557: 6493: 6428: 6320: 6137: 6075:Political culture of the United States 6050:Early American publishers and printers 4720:Catholic churches and institutions in 4690:. The practice of the religion of the 4524:in London to represent its interests. 3444:. Williams was a Puritan who preached 3216: 2340:in 1821 according to the terms of the 1931:was founded in part to be a haven for 1816:primarily because of newly introduced 66:Interview of Samoset with the Pilgrims 18416:History of the United States by topic 18136: 18061: 17989: 17560: 16896: 16730:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 16391: 16353: 13654: 13136: 12898: 12560: 11364: 11308: 11233:Discourse Concerning Western Planting 10687: 10661: 10648: 10573:Colonial History of the United States 10485:(Univ of North Carolina Press, 1989) 10403:Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century 10185: 10176: 10113: 10030: 9923:Middleton, Richard and Anne Lombard. 9828:Barck, Jr., and Hugh Talmage Lefler. 9739: 9730: 9300:(Yale Agrarian Studies Series) (2007) 9268: 9256: 9244: 9197: 8236: 7967:The British Atlantic World, 1500–1800 7714:The Revolution in Virginia, 1775–1783 7567: 7438: 6736: 6701: 6676: 6637: 6499: 6080:Slavery in the colonial United States 6055:European colonization of the Americas 5980: 4631: 4114:called for colonial unity during the 4007:, Andros successfully negotiated the 3747: 2585:As part of the colonization process, 2519:indigenous Native American population 2132:in North Carolina (1567–68), and the 1645:colonial history of the United States 94:European exploration of North America 18339:Daughters of the American Revolution 18137: 16689:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 11062:Captaincy General of the Philippines 9916:Marshall, P.J. and Alaine Low, eds. 9620:On Virginia, see Kathleen M. Brown, 9467:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 8931:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 452. 8589: 8369: 8251: 8122: 8008:March 2009, Vol. 82 Issue 1, pp 5–24 6835: 6643: 6479:Santa Fe: History of an Ancient City 6219:Richard Middleton and Anne Lombard, 5956: 5550:The Great Works of Christ in America 5148:, and Charleston (Charles Town) and 5144:There were few cities in the entire 4560: 4442:Administration of Justice Act (1774) 4397:, which had been founded in 1765 in 4363:first wave of protests attacked the 4254:political structures of the colonies 3700:and educated future U.S. Presidents 3692:The oldest university in the South, 3424: 3150:British colonization of the Americas 3100:Russian colonization of the Americas 3070:The colony of New Sweden introduced 3000:Swedish colonization of the Americas 2803:, together with the French explorer 2565:, was founded on August 8, 1508, by 2170:Spanish colonization of the Americas 99:European colonization and settlement 18334:Children of the American Revolution 18214:Timeline of the American Revolution 10426: 10020:Colonial Self-Government, 1652–1689 9964:(2001) survey by leading scholar; 9706:, Biographies of every major figure 9535:An Illustrated History of Baltimore 8748:. New York: Macmillan. p. 398. 8347:(Columbia U.P., 2nd ed. 2003) p 281 8198: 8113: 8059: 7367:(University of Chicago Press, 1980) 7213:Men of Letters in Colonial Maryland 7021:Art and Archtitecture of New Jersey 6874: 6804: 6271:Colonial Self-Government, 1652–1689 6221:Colonial America: A History to 1763 5875:to keep the soil fertile. By 1700, 5750:, who headed to the frontier. Many 5152:were the most important before the 5117:examined in depth five key cities: 5027:. Women (as well as men) danced in 3959:Unification of the British colonies 3456:established a second settlement on 3331:, commemorating the landing of the 3135: 3089: 2702:), and Île Saint Jean (present-day 2638:French colonization of the Americas 2407:Territorial evolution of California 1868:Secretary of State for the Colonies 24: 16995:European allies of King George III 16851:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 16786:Committee of Secret Correspondence 16448:No taxation without representation 11895:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 11885:Assassination of James A. Garfield 10521: 10455:Colonial American Troops 1610–1774 10415:(U of North Carolina Press, 2016). 10328:Colonial Massachusetts: A History, 10163:(1896), very old fashioned history 9694: 8513:The Scotch-Irish: A Social History 8214:. University of California Press. 8208:Anderson, M. Kat (June 14, 2005). 8070: 7934:Origins of the American Revolution 7845:Colonial North Carolina: A History 7805:Colonial South Carolina: A History 6907:. Pelican Publishing. p. 23. 6060:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 6030:Colonial American military history 5447:Education in the Thirteen Colonies 4862: 4850:Historians debate how influential 4694:in Jamestown predates that of the 4520:in London. Each colony had a paid 4237:, copied the furniture designs of 3970:Colonial American military history 3689:and other regional native groups. 3518: 2937:Dutch colonization of the Americas 2148:" (1583–90) in North Carolina and 1903:Freedom from religious persecution 574: Modern Era 104:Native American population decline 25: 18427: 18361:Museum of the American Revolution 14491:Director of National Intelligence 11927:Assassination of William McKinley 11265:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 10746:(1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776) 10602: 10575:at Thayer's American History site 10561: 10359:1774: The Long Year of Revolution 10282:Colonial Pennsylvania: A History, 10150:Brown-Pérez, Kathleen A. (2017). 9977: 9819:Andrews, Charles M. (1934–1938). 9740:Cooke, Jacob Ernest, ed. (1998). 9731:Cooke, Jacob Ernest, ed. (1993). 8408:Volume 3#2 Fall 2005, pp. 311–340 7411:Colonial Massachusetts: a history 6683:. Yale University Press. p. 6567:Southwestern Historical Quarterly 6337:The European Discovery of America 5232:Long-term economic growth in the 4323: 3694:The College of William & Mary 3244:, established May 14, 1607, near 2926: 2728: 2438:regularly arrived from Manila at 2397:History of California before 1900 2058:Colonization of the United States 48:Colonial era of the United States 38:Colonial America (disambiguation) 18411:History of the Thirteen Colonies 18249:Continental Currency dollar coin 18234:Women in the American Revolution 14647:Government Accountability Office 13634: 13625: 13624: 13589: 13588: 12146:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 11939:Nadir of American race relations 11818:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 11289: 11288: 11068:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico 10585: (archived October 23, 2007) 10179:The Southern Frontier, 1670–1732 9859:(Oxford University Press, 2000) 9630: 9614: 9601: 9588: 9575:Encyclopedia of Southern History 9567: 9554: 9541: 9527: 9514: 9501: 9488: 9472: 9459: 9446: 9398: 9385: 9372: 9359: 9346: 9319: 9303: 9290: 9274: 9262: 9250: 9238: 9203: 9191: 9178: 9165: 9152: 9139: 9116: 9103: 9087: 9070: 9057: 9034: 9025: 9012: 8999: 8972: 8945: 8918: 8891: 8856: 8843: 8840:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) 8830: 8817: 8800: 8787: 8774: 8761: 8752: 8676: 8664: 8649: 8633: 8610: 8583: 8570: 8557: 8544: 8531: 8518: 8505: 8492: 8479: 8466: 8453: 8437: 8424: 8411: 8398: 8363: 8350: 8337: 8324: 8308: 8292: 8163: 7679:. UP of Kentucky. p. 20ff. 7514:Philadelphia: a 300 year history 7501:Colonial Pennsylvania: a history 7017:"Nothnagle Log Cabin, Gibbstown" 6846:Henri de Tonti Historical Marker 6040:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies 5175: 4949:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies 4942: 4492: 3963: 3202:says that his 1744 travel diary 2507:indigenous peoples of California 2454:explored and was shipwrecked in 2450:explored Monterey Bay. In 1594 2254:(1898). There were also several 2073: 1960: 1599: 1590: 1589: 1551: 1550: 181: 146: 127: 58: 18344:Sons of the American Revolution 11848:First transcontinental railroad 10464:(1993), short scholarly summary 10156:. New Diversities, 19(2), 7-23. 9796:A Companion to Colonial America 9689: 9018:Source: Miller and Smith, eds. 8865:The Journal of American History 8487:A Companion to Colonial America 8046: 8011: 7998: 7985: 7972: 7959: 7906: 7901:A Companion to Colonial America 7859: 7850: 7837: 7810: 7797: 7784: 7771: 7755: 7742: 7719: 7706: 7693: 7666: 7640: 7622: 7594: 7561: 7535: 7522: 7506: 7493: 7480: 7467: 7432: 7416: 7403: 7370: 7357: 7344: 7331: 7304: 7277: 7218: 7205: 7188: 7150:The Journal of Economic History 7130: 7095: 7079: 7057: 7039: 7009: 6994: 6978: 6965: 6952: 6939: 6921: 6894: 6851: 6791: 6782: 6757: 6740:Economic History of Puerto Rico 6730: 6710: 6658: 6614: 6560:"Manila Galleon and California" 6471: 6458: 6422: 6408:. United States: Beacon Press. 6393: 6377: 6361: 6345: 6329: 6314: 6301: 6126:North America in Colonial Times 6035:Credit in the Thirteen Colonies 5781: 5164:from the overpopulated British 5053:Slaves transported to America: 4779:denominations (Congregational, 4375:, leading to the launch of the 2434:in 1542–43. From 1565 to 1815, 2292:, a limestone quarried nearby. 1873: 18244:Continental currency banknotes 17332:Staten Island Peace Conference 16290:Separation of church and state 14506:National Reconnaissance Office 14449:President of the United States 10557:(8 vol, 2010); primary sources 9932:Roots Of American Civilization 9658:The William and Mary Quarterly 9042:The American Historical Review 9020:Dictionary of American Slavery 8020:The William and Mary Quarterly 7488:Colonial New Jersey: A History 7441:The William and Mary Quarterly 7104:The William and Mary Quarterly 6743:. Princeton University Press. 6558:Schurz, William Lytle (1917). 6289: 6276: 6260: 6242: 6226: 6166: 6140:The William and Mary Quarterly 6131: 5862:replaced the hand sickles and 5634:in 1769. Virginia founded the 5497:American Philosophical Society 5288:Dwellings and material culture 5207:authorized Boston silversmith 4047:War of the Austrian Succession 3832:, originally Charles Town for 3460:, also known as Rhode Island. 3450:separation of Church and State 3278: 2530: 2403:Spanish missions in California 2229:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) 29:For a timeline of events, see 13: 1: 18401:Eras of United States history 18062: 17038:German supporters of Congress 16736:Massachusetts Circular Letter 10907: 10292:Colonial New York: A History, 10225:(1980) 37#3 pp. 429–450 9881:Provincial America, 1690–1740 9849:History e-book project; also 8853:(Yale University Press, 2009) 8541:1998, Vol. 4 Issue 1, pp 1–12 8316:The American colonial charter 7938:. Stanford University Press. 6901:John Garretson Clark (1970). 6102: 5642: 5489:, botanist and anthropologist 5485:New York lieutenant governor 5121:(population 16,000 in 1760), 5108: 4620:. Between 1756 and 1776, the 3505:Province of Massachusetts Bay 2989: 2646:Map of territorial claims in 2627: 2561:. The first European colony, 2390: 2233:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 2223:). New Spain encompassed the 123: 16719:Committees of correspondence 14652:Government Publishing Office 14120:Technological and industrial 13016:Hispanic and Latino American 11870:Second Industrial Revolution 11704:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 11410:Exploration of North America 11336:History of the United States 11013:Province of British Columbia 10542:vol 1 & 2 online edition 10511:The Colonial Wars, 1689–1762 10105:Bonomi, Patricia U. (1971). 10091:vol 22 (March 1907) pp 1–48; 10089:Political Science Quarterly, 10017:Andrews, Charles M. (1904). 9857:Religion in Colonial America 9839:Bonomi, Patricia U. (2003). 8810:(2015) with Thomas S. Kidd, 8704:Faragher, John Mack (1996). 8620:(Oct 1949) 59#2 pp 275–292. 8489:(Blackwell, 2006) pp 288–310 8077:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 7817:Jackson Turner Main (1965). 7475:Colonial New York: A History 6973:Colonial New York: A History 6859:Journal of Political Economy 6815:"Henri de Tonti (1649–1704)" 6385:Western Historical Quarterly 5518:History of the Dividing Line 5478:, who constructed the first 5323: 4438:Massachusetts Government Act 4228:, New York, Charleston, and 3792: 3734:University of North Carolina 3142:English overseas possessions 3120:, for the purpose of buying 3061:Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania 2866: 2835:and was concentrated around 2473:priests. They also operated 2159: 1663:. In the late 16th century, 1049:Hispanic and Latino American 31:timeline of Colonial America 7: 18356:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 17561: 17387:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 17372:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 17146:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 16801:Declaration of Independence 16766:Second Continental Congress 16124:Women's reproductive health 15090:Federally recognized tribes 14953:Public utilities commission 14857:Public Health Service Corps 14760:Code of Federal Regulations 14642:Congressional Budget Office 14496:Central Intelligence Agency 14402:Water supply and sanitation 13829:Declaration of Independence 12540:Indictments of Donald Trump 11731:First Industrial Revolution 11565:Declaration of Independence 11555:Second Continental Congress 10300:Katz, Stanley, et al. eds. 10168:Colonial Chesapeake Society 9810:The Founding of New England 9710:Ciment, James, ed. (2005). 9702:American National Biography 9609:Journal of Southern History 9522:Journal of Economic History 9412:Reviews in American History 9147:Origins of American Slavery 8071:C., Opello, Walter (2004). 7993:American Historical Review, 7980:American Historical Review, 7424:The founding of New England 7200:The Commonwealth of Thieves 6183:Canadian Journal of History 6173:Feinstein, Stephen (2006). 6045:Disease in colonial America 6012: 5912: 5685:Williamstown, Massachusetts 5636:College of William and Mary 5348:products such as sugar and 5299:-style homes originated in 5218:restoration of the monarchy 5205:Massachusetts General Court 5135:Charlestown, South Carolina 4669: 4638:Disease in colonial America 4498:British colonial government 4026:, particularly present-day 3309: 3235: 3132:working among the natives. 3106:Second Kamchatka expedition 2497:Mission San Diego de Alcalá 2417:Mission San Juan Capistrano 10: 18432: 18239:Financial costs of the war 16746:First Continental Congress 16597:Royal Proclamation of 1763 16542:Second Rockingham ministry 16381:American Revolutionary War 15302:Red states and blue states 15207:City commission government 15202:Council–manager government 13137: 12899: 12561: 12432:Killing of Osama bin Laden 11520:First Continental Congress 11365: 11192:Brandenburger Saint Thomas 11001:Colony of British Columbia 10501:American Historical Review 10444:William and Mary Quarterly 10335:William and Mary Quarterly 10223:William and Mary Quarterly 10188:American Historical Review 9986:American Historical Review 9940:Rose, Holland et al. eds. 9920:(Oxford UP, 1998), passim. 9908:Colonial America 1543–1763 9832:(2nd ed. Macmillan, 1968) 9802: 9051:November 23, 2011, at the 8928:Pioneer Mothers of America 8769:Religion in early Virginia 8372:American Historical Review 7790:Ronald H Heinemann et al. 7763:William and Mary Quarterly 7673:Albert H. Tillson (1991). 7284:Randall M. Miller (2008). 7225:Elaine G. Breslaw (2008). 7196:American Historical Review 7004:The Swedes on the Delaware 6466:The New History of Florida 6325:. Oxford University Press. 5934:mansions such as those in 5883:produced rice and indigo. 5840: 5791:Grumblethorpe Tenant House 5545:Magnalia Christi Americana 5440: 5046: 5042: 4946: 4931:People began to study the 4745:American Revolutionary War 4673: 4635: 4501: 4355: 4079: 4055:Siege of Louisbourg (1745) 3967: 3924: 3879: 3875: 3796: 3522: 3495:was inspired by England's 3418:self-supporting farmsteads 3320:Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony) 3313: 3282: 3220: 3139: 3093: 2993: 2930: 2631: 2534: 2400: 2394: 2351: 2265: 2261: 2163: 2124:in South Carolina (1526), 1877: 35: 28: 18206: 18175: 18151: 18147: 18132: 18093:Constitutional Convention 18073:Society of the Cincinnati 18068: 18057: 17982: 17877: 17721: 17714: 17659: 17578: 17571: 17567: 17556: 17513: 17435: 17421: 17395: 17362:Carlisle Peace Commission 17324: 17196:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 17125: 17050: 17003: 16970: 16933: 16926: 16922: 16892: 16861:Hutchinson letters affair 16828: 16811:Articles of Confederation 16671: 16658:Proclamation of Rebellion 16570: 16522:First Rockingham ministry 16499: 16466:All men are created equal 16405: 16401: 16387: 16311: 16137: 16010: 15942: 15595: 15591: 15582: 15530: 15395: 15386: 15282: 15253: 15230: 15169: 15136: 15127: 15070: 15058:Comparison of governments 15033: 14996: 14973: 14889: 14869: 14800: 14738: 14660: 14583: 14441: 14432: 14428: 14419: 14141: 14132: 14077: 14037:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 13878:drafting and ratification 13851:Articles of Confederation 13764: 13698: 13689: 13610: 13576: 13520: 13484: 13472: 13211: 13185: 13147: 13143: 13132: 12905: 12894: 12567: 12556: 12422: 12325: 12253: 12154: 12065: 12016:Wall Street Crash of 1929 11947: 11828: 11813:Emancipation Proclamation 11744: 11667: 11615: 11582:Articles of Confederation 11535: 11420:Native American epidemics 11400: 11375: 11371: 11360: 11342: 11284: 11228: 11219: 11162:, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 11080:Captaincy General of Cuba 11033: 11022: 10904:New England Confederation 10833: 10819: 10733: 10695: 10655: 10614:Colonial American Culture 10326:Labaree, Benjamin Woods. 10177:Crane, Verner W. (1920). 10033:The New England Quarterly 9879:Greene, Evarts Boutelle. 9212:The New England Quarterly 8806:Compare Steven K. Green, 8170:William., Cronon (1996). 7765:(1977) 34#2 pp: 239–257. 7512:Russell F. Weigley, ed., 7163:10.1017/S0022050700040602 6223:(4th ed. 2011) p. 23 5989:revolution in the 1970s. 5482:in the Western Hemisphere 4698:settlers who came on the 4137:in 1763 is shown in pink. 3984:, a 1745 illustration by 3897:in the early 18th century 3803:History of North Carolina 3799:History of South Carolina 3301:Province of New Hampshire 2712:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2415:The ruins of the Spanish 2381:American Army of the West 2182:, who named and explored 1824:The goals of colonization 136: 126: 118: 88: 80: 68:, an 1853 book depicting 57: 52: 47: 17357:Entry of France into war 16972:Kingdom of Great Britain 16077:Prescription drug prices 15197:Mayor–council government 15187:Coterminous municipality 15177:Consolidated city-county 14943:Agriculture commissioner 14593:House of Representatives 14501:National Security Agency 14151:Contiguous United States 13502:Northern Mariana Islands 12075:Strike wave of 1945–1946 11074:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 10886:Massachusetts Bay Colony 10527:Kavenagh, W. Keith, ed. 10318:Kulikoff, Allan (2000). 9395:(2nd ed. 2004) ch 18, 20 8524:Aaron Spencer Fogleman, 8258:Law & Social Inquiry 8176:. W.W. Norton & Co. 8129:Law & Social Inquiry 7736:August 22, 2017, at the 7727:Journal of Sport History 7409:Benjamin Woods Labaree, 7290:. ABC-CLIO. p. 87. 7231:. LSU Press. p. x. 6868:August 16, 2021, at the 6820:Encyclopedia of Arkansas 6737:Dietz, James L. (1987). 5700:Providence, Rhode Island 5620:Providence, Rhode Island 5596:Cambridge, Massachusetts 4334:Age of the Enlightenment 4298:political representation 3606: 3380:Massachusetts Bay Colony 3297:Massachusetts Bay Colony 3114:Russian-American Company 2737:and founded outposts at 2622:unincorporated territory 2521:was around 150,000; the 2334:Republic of West Florida 2221:Northern Mariana Islands 1854:and its committees. The 1852:Privy Council of England 1712:Province of Pennsylvania 552: 530: 508: 497: 475: 464: 442: 431: 420: 409: 387: 376: 365: 343: 321: 310: 288: 277: 255: 244: 18088:Ratification Day (1784) 17413:Second Anglo-Mysore War 17097:Northern after Saratoga 17077:New York and New Jersey 16751:Continental Association 16648:Conciliatory Resolution 16507:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 16480:Consent of the governed 16162:Criticism of government 15507:Social welfare programs 15100:State-recognized tribes 14085:Outline of U.S. history 13797:Continental Association 13037:Middle Eastern American 12854:Technology and industry 11724:Seneca Falls Convention 11525:Continental Association 11425:Settlement of Jamestown 11204:Scottish Darien Company 11148:Hospitaller Saint Croix 10947:Dominion of New England 10929:North-Western Territory 10594:March 25, 2023, at the 10568:Archiving Early America 10481:Leach, Douglas Edward. 10407:excerpt and text search 10276:excerpt and text search 10252:excerpt and text search 10214:Curran, Robert Emmett. 10172:excerpt and text search 10146:excerpt and text search 10100:excerpt and text search 10083:excerpt and text search 9897:Kupperman, Karen Ordahl 9889:Hoffer, Peter Charles. 9790:excerpt and text search 9766:excerpt and text search 9626:excerpt and text search 9382:(2nd ed. 2004) ch 17–22 9286:excerpt and text search 9133:March 15, 2015, at the 8904:. New York: Perennial. 8898:Roberts, Cokie (2005). 8688:excerpt and text search 8645:excerpt and text search 8627:April 12, 2019, at the 8563:Rebecca Jo Tannenbaum, 8406:Early American Studies, 8314:Louise Phelps Kellogg, 8056:(2nd ed. 2008) pp 49–76 7930:Miller, John C (1959). 6887:Encyclopædia Britannica 6799:Many roads to Red River 6769:Encyclopedia Britannica 6644:Brau, Salvador (1894). 6353:OAH Magazine of History 6298:, The National Archives 5527:Poor Richard's Almanack 5156:broke out in 1861. The 3485:Dominion of New England 3475:Dominion of New England 3432:was founded in 1636 by 3250:London Virginia Company 3130:Russian Orthodox Church 2142:Fort Saint Louis, Texas 1939:Early colonial failures 1808:(Upper South), and the 1806:Chesapeake Bay Colonies 1070:Middle Eastern American 892:Technology and industry 18349:Sons of the Revolution 18078:Treaty of Paris (1783) 17408:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 17403:Cherokee–American wars 17016:Franco-American Treaty 16871:Philadelphia Tea Party 16841:Treaty of Paris (1763) 16820:Confederation Congress 16413:American Enlightenment 16224:Environmental movement 16067:Health insurance costs 15962:Educational attainment 15487:Federal Reserve System 15445:Science and technology 14948:Insurance commissioner 14486:Intelligence Community 14181:minor outlying islands 13944:Civil rights movement 13157:Admission to the Union 12523:Afghanistan withdrawal 12518:January 6 insurrection 12437:Rise in mass shootings 12409:Virginia Tech shooting 11962:Paris Peace Conference 11736:Second Great Awakening 11475:American Enlightenment 11257:Of Plymouth Plantation 10979:(1779–1783; 1814–1815) 10888:(1629–1686; 1689–1691) 10864:(1620–1686; 1689–1691) 10776:(1664–1673; 1702–1776) 10621:Americans: 1776 (1975) 10589:Colonial North America 10242:Fischer, David Hackett 9808:Adams, James Truslow. 9482:22.2 (1955): 103–133. 9171:Kenneth A. Lockridge, 8823:Robert Emmett Curran, 8658:Of Plymouth Plantation 8511:James Graham Leyburn, 8006:New England Quarterly, 7085:Hubert Howe Bancroft, 6861:18.2 (1910): 114–128. 6677:Rouse, Irving (1992). 6631:July 16, 2009, at the 6335:Samuel Eliot Morison, 6311:(Praeger, 2000) p, 54. 6267:Charles McLean Andrews 5949:, bakers, carpenters, 5802: 5632:Hanover, New Hampshire 5604:New Haven, Connecticut 5463: 5304: 5236: 5160:was settled mainly by 5036:American Enlightenment 4937:Protestant Reformation 4921:Second Great Awakening 4789:continental Calvinists 4460:Impacts of colonialism 4340:playing a major role. 4215:Ties to British Empire 4208:British Prime Minister 4154:William Pitt the Elder 4138: 4122: 4098: 4040:Father Le Loutre's War 4024:French and Indian Wars 3988: 3898: 3866:proprietary government 3593:summed it up in 1756: 3345:were a small group of 3338: 3305:Colony of Rhode Island 3285:History of New England 3172: 3024: 3016: 2949: 2796: 2719:French colonial empire 2659: 2537:History of Puerto Rico 2423: 2348:Arizona and New Mexico 2286:Treaty of Paris (1763) 2282:Mission Nombre de Dios 2225:territory of Louisiana 2200: 2186: 2146:Lost Colony of Roanoke 2122:San Miguel de Gualdape 2053:Colonization of Canada 1791:French and Indian Wars 1681:Lost Colony of Roanoke 1182:Admission to the Union 18:Colonial North America 18294:Washington's Birthday 18099:The Federalist Papers 18083:Evacuation Day (1783) 17136:Lexington and Concord 16836:French and Indian War 16776:Olive Branch Petition 16050:Immigrant health care 15565:Transportation safety 15560:Transportation policy 15550:Public transportation 14620:President pro tempore 14476:Executive departments 14245:National Park Service 13900:Territorial evolution 13149:Territorial evolution 12513:George Floyd Protests 12496:Unite the Right rally 12365:Oklahoma City bombing 12360:Republican Revolution 12307:Space Shuttle program 12129:Civil Rights Movement 12097:North Atlantic Treaty 11905:Sherman Antitrust Act 11890:Chinese Exclusion Act 11480:French and Indian War 11470:Prelude to Revolution 11455:First Great Awakening 11415:European colonization 11038:Columbian Viceroyalty 10446:(1983) 40#4: 500-527 10387:online free to borrow 10344:(1975) Pulitzer Prize 10270:Hatfield, April Lee. 9865:Canny, Nicholas, ed. 9794:Vickers, Daniel, ed. 9750:Faragher, John Mack. 9524:36.1 (1976): 102–117. 9507:William R. Bagnall, 9326:Taylor, Dale (1997). 9309:Percy Wells Bidwell, 8979:Taylor, Dale (1997). 8552:Pennsylvania History, 8444:Anton-Hermann Chroust 8220:10.1525/9780520933101 8052:Francis D. Cogliano, 7629:David Hackett Fischer 7422:James Truslow Adams, 7337:Nathaniel Philbrick, 7270:Ronald L. Heinemann, 6945:Junius P. Rodriguez, 6500:Hayes, Derek (2001). 6481:(2nd ed. 2008) ch 3–5 6254:The National Archives 6020:British North America 5789: 5677:Princeton, New Jersey 5566:First Great Awakening 5454: 5437:Culture and education 5295: 5272:in what later became 5231: 5193:Congregational church 5129:(population 18,000), 5123:Newport, Rhode Island 4869:First Great Awakening 4687:Book of Common Prayer 4418:Townshend Revenue Act 4143:French and Indian War 4128: 4116:French and Indian War 4108:'s political cartoon 4104: 4096:French and Indian War 4089: 4082:French and Indian War 4076:French and Indian War 3977: 3921:East and West Florida 3889: 3834:Charles II of England 3738:University of Georgia 3513:the Earl of Bellomont 3430:Providence Plantation 3327: 3182:commercial enterprise 3161: 3084:Gibbstown, New Jersey 3029:Delaware River Valley 3007: 2944: 2799:The Italian explorer 2773:The Italian explorer 2772: 2765:Arkansas and Illinois 2708:French and Indian War 2652:French and Indian War 2645: 2535:Further information: 2414: 2401:Further information: 2358:History of New Mexico 2250:(1846–1848), and the 2192: 2177: 1952:European colonization 1878:Further information: 1783:New York in 1689–1691 1748:Appalachian Mountains 1173:Territorial evolution 466:Post-World War II Era 18299:Jefferson's Birthday 18289:Pulaski Memorial Day 17296:Guilford Court House 16947:Continental Congress 16724:Committees of safety 16699:Daughters of Liberty 16694:Virginia Association 16443:Rights of Englishmen 16219:Environmental issues 15884:Political ideologies 15783:Indigenous languages 14983:List of legislatures 14780:separation of powers 14481:Independent agencies 14407:World Heritage Sites 14042:September 11 attacks 13965:Spanish–American War 13905:Mexican–American War 13861:Confederation period 13792:Continental Congress 13063:Palestinian American 12490:Obergefell v. Hodges 12382:September 11 attacks 12218:Second-wave feminism 12139:Cuban Missile Crisis 11999:Bath School disaster 11917:Spanish–American War 11880:The Gospel of Wealth 11759:California Gold Rush 11719:Mexican–American War 11709:Nullification crisis 11677:Era of Good Feelings 11577:Confederation period 11485:Proclamation of 1763 11435:Atlantic slave trade 11174:Dutch Virgin Islands 11122:Spanish West Florida 11116:Spanish East Florida 10995:Stickeen Territories 10700:New England Colonies 10503:41 (1936): 253–269. 10114:Breen, T. H (1980). 10045:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00396 9927:(4th ed 2011), 624pp 9872:Conforti, Joseph A. 9716:. Sharpe Reference. 9480:Pennsylvania History 9391:Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 9378:Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 9352:Lawrence A. Cremin, 9184:Joseph A. Conforti, 8682:Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 8661:by William Bradford. 8639:Patricia U. Bonomi, 8417:Patricia U. Bonomi, 8343:Patricia U. Bonomi, 8252:Park, K-Sue (2016). 8123:Park, K-Sue (2016). 7899:Daniel Vickers, ed. 7654:on December 25, 2007 7568:Isaac, Rhys (1982). 7363:Ernest Lee Tuveson, 6665:Vicente Yañez Pinzón 6620:Charles E. Chapman, 6436:A History of Florida 6371:39.1 (2005): 43–56. 6282:Charles M. Andrews, 6195:10.3138/cjh.41.1.197 5925:reached 25,000, and 5873:rotating their crops 5673:Princeton University 5612:Rhode Island College 5598:in 1636 and, later, 5415:American merchants. 5387:in Connecticut, and 5224:Farm and family life 5180:In New England, the 5158:Province of Carolina 4808:New England Colonies 4740:and the Methodists. 4708:set up a network of 4540:proprietary colonies 4454:Continental Congress 4270:British constitution 4177:1763 Treaty of Paris 4018:and the French from 4016:Wabanaki Confederacy 3903:Member of Parliament 3813:Province of Carolina 3807:Province of Carolina 3591:Pennsylvania Journal 3582:population based in 3436:on land provided by 3231:Province of Maryland 3169:Jamestown Settlement 3049:Wilmington, Delaware 2704:Prince Edward Island 2664:Saint Lawrence River 2650:by 1750, before the 2543:Christopher Columbus 2385:Mexican–American War 2366:expedition in 1538. 2319:'s failed colony at 2280:, founded alongside 2252:Spanish–American War 2248:Mexican–American War 1929:Province of Maryland 1837:Casa de Contratación 1787:Atlantic slave trade 1728:Province of Maryland 1659:in 1776 during the 1096:Palestinian American 312:Era of Good Feelings 257:Confederation period 194:Timeline and periods 113:Atlantic slave trade 17427:colony or location) 17382:Newburgh Conspiracy 17241:Sullivan Expedition 16761:Provincial Congress 16552:Fox–North coalition 16491:Settler colonialism 16438:Freedom of religion 16395:American Revolution 16062:Health care finance 15555:Rail transportation 15321:Imperial presidency 15043:State constitutions 14988:List of legislators 14938:Auditor/Comptroller 14911:Lieutenant governor 14637:Library of Congress 14528:Diplomatic Security 14171:Indian reservations 13834:American Revolution 13512:U.S. Virgin Islands 12998:Lithuanian American 12954:Vietnamese American 12300:End of the Cold War 12290:Invasion of Grenada 12240:Iran hostage crisis 11989:Tulsa race massacre 11796:Election of Lincoln 11791:Dred Scott decision 11779:Kansas–Nebraska Act 11682:Missouri Compromise 11600:Northwest Ordinance 11590:Pennsylvania Mutiny 11585:and Perpetual Union 11545:American Revolution 11460:War of Jenkins' Ear 11110:Provincias Internas 11086:Spanish Saint Croix 10710:Chesapeake Colonies 10540:2 Volumes. (1909). 10535:Phillips, Ulrich B. 10509:Peckham, Howard H. 10357:Norton, Mary Beth. 10267:(Harvard UP, 1999). 10140:Brown, Kathleen M. 10133:Bremer, Francis J. 10077:Beeman, Richard R. 9494:John Solomon Otto, 9469:26.1 (1939): 39–54. 9113:(1955), pp 147, 332 8836:John Howard Smith, 8298:John Andrew Doyle, 7729:13#3 (1986) p 219. 7549:on October 22, 2009 7473:Michael G. Kammen, 7350:Francis J. Bremer, 6984:John Andrew Doyle, 6971:Michael G. Kammen, 6477:David Grant Noble, 6430:Tebeau, Charlton W. 6387:23.1 (1992): 4–24. 6355:14.4 (2000): 5–11. 6307:William R. Nester, 5999:social cohesiveness 5125:(population 7500), 4986:American Revolution 4926:religion in America 4684:, according to the 4682:Jamestown, Virginia 4544:Restoration of 1660 4358:American Revolution 4306:American Revolution 4120:American Revolution 3981:Siege of Louisbourg 3949:American Revolution 3895:Province of Georgia 3882:Province of Georgia 3664:American Revolution 3617:indentured servants 3497:Glorious Revolution 3481:James II of England 3446:religious tolerance 3223:Jamestown, Virginia 3217:Chesapeake Bay area 3196:Annapolis, Maryland 3186:indentured servants 3162:The 1606 grants by 3080:Nothnagle Log House 3039:, and southeastern 2969:religious tolerance 2857:Louis XIV of France 2549:with 17 ships from 2541:In September 1493, 2481:(settlements), and 2213:Spanish East Indies 1946:Part of a series on 1917:Plymouth Plantation 1860:American Revolution 1856:Commission of Trade 1736:Province of Georgia 1031:Lithuanian American 982:Vietnamese American 246:American Revolution 138:American Revolution 18329:Semiquincentennial 18254:Libertas Americana 16684:Stamp Act Congress 16574:Acts of Parliament 16547:Shelburne ministry 16517:Grenville ministry 16172:affirmative action 16145:Capital punishment 16104:Poverty and health 16099:Physician shortage 16072:Health care prices 16002:Standard of living 15685:standard of living 15492:Financial position 15119:Hawaiian home land 15107:Indian reservation 15080:Tribal sovereignty 14923:Secretary of state 14792:United States Code 14708:Territorial courts 14680:Associate Justices 14565:Inspector generals 14052:War in Afghanistan 13915:Reconstruction era 13782:Stamp Act Congress 13162:Historical regions 13118:Transgender people 12676:Capital punishment 12535:Support of Ukraine 12484:Black Lives Matter 12392:War in Afghanistan 12317:Invasion of Panama 12273:Iran–Contra affair 12134:Early–mid Cold War 12004:Harlem Renaissance 11863:Compromise of 1877 11838:Reconstruction era 11774:Fugitive Slave Act 11769:Compromise of 1850 11714:Westward expansion 11652:Louisiana Purchase 11495:Stamp Act Congress 11440:King William's War 11273:Quintipartite Deed 11186:Danish West Indies 11154:French Saint Croix 10471:(Routledge, 2015). 10411:Wilson, Thomas D. 10364:Rohrer, S. Scott. 10340:Morgan, Edmund S. 10290:Kammen, Michael. 10280:Illick, Joseph E. 9962:American Colonies, 9930:Nettels Curtis P. 9770:Gipson, Lawrence. 9760:Gallay, Alan, ed. 9547:Carl Bridenbaugh, 9452:Philip Otterness, 9280:Edmund S. Morgan, 9158:Walter J. Fraser, 9149:(1997), pp. 64–65. 9109:Carl Bridenbaugh, 9093:Carl Bridenbaugh, 9076:Carl Bridenbaugh, 8958:. Read Books Ltd. 8793:Carl Bridenbaugh, 8686:(1972) pp 121–384 8655:See, for example, 8580:(1935), 23:389–405 8356:Robert J. Dinkin, 8330:Wilson, Thomas D. 7528:Clinton Rossiter, 7499:Joseph E. Illick, 7426:(1921) pp 398–431 7396:James Ciment, ed. 7256:American Colonies, 7051:www.waymarking.com 6933:www.monticello.org 6890:. August 28, 2019. 6716:Grose, Howard B., 6608:2006-06-24 at the 6581:– via jstor. 5981:Women in the South 5803: 5624:Congregationalists 5487:Cadwallader Colden 5464: 5460:Harvard University 5456:Massachusetts Hall 5383:in Massachusetts, 5305: 5250:Arranged marriages 5237: 5154:American Civil War 5102:Maroon communities 5072:1801–1810: 124,000 5060:1701–1760: 189,000 4632:Medical conditions 4567:political cultures 4292:; indeed, English 4286:governor's council 4239:Thomas Chippendale 4187:, and most of the 4139: 4123: 4099: 3989: 3927:History of Florida 3899: 3854:King William's War 3748:Chesapeake society 3714:First Party System 3600:meanest among them 3493:1689 Boston revolt 3388:20,000 had arrived 3339: 3289:Connecticut Colony 3227:Colony of Virginia 3192:Alexander Hamilton 3173: 3017: 2950: 2921:Louisiana Purchase 2879:, and west to the 2819:in 1683, known as 2797: 2785:in 1683, known as 2755:Sault Sainte Marie 2700:Cape Breton Island 2660: 2567:Juan Ponce de León 2557:in honor of Saint 2424: 2368:Francisco Coronado 2354:History of Arizona 2268:History of Florida 2240:Louisiana Purchase 2201: 2187: 2180:Juan Ponce de León 2126:Pánfilo de Narváez 2080:History portal 1151:Transgender people 714:Capital punishment 367:Reconstruction Era 18383: 18382: 18377: 18376: 18373: 18372: 18369: 18368: 18128: 18127: 18115:Shays's Rebellion 18053: 18052: 18049: 18048: 18045: 18044: 17978: 17977: 17945:Richard Henry Lee 17710: 17709: 17552: 17551: 17548: 17547: 17544: 17543: 17396:Related conflicts 17266:Connecticut Farms 17046: 17045: 16939:Thirteen Colonies 16888: 16887: 16884: 16883: 16347: 16346: 16307: 16306: 16303: 16302: 16273:National security 15982:Income inequality 15862:Statue of Liberty 15665:income inequality 15578: 15577: 15570:Trucking industry 15382: 15381: 15378: 15377: 15309:Foreign relations 15297:Electoral College 15278: 15277: 15066: 15065: 15018:District attorney 14865: 14864: 14692:Courts of appeals 14415: 14414: 14128: 14127: 14069:COVID-19 pandemic 14022:Feminist Movement 13868:American frontier 13787:Thirteen Colonies 13648: 13647: 13606: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13167:American frontier 13128: 13127: 13058:Lebanese American 13043:Egyptian American 12978:Estonian American 12968:Albanian American 12962:European American 12939:Japanese American 12929:Filipino American 12890: 12889: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12501:COVID-19 pandemic 12404:Hurricane Katrina 12345:Los Angeles riots 12235:Watergate scandal 12080:Start of Cold War 12048:Manhattan Project 11635:Whiskey Rebellion 11465:King George's War 11430:Thirteen Colonies 11391:Pre-Columbian Era 11302: 11301: 11277: 11269: 11261: 11253: 11245: 11241:Mayflower Compact 11237: 11222:Related Documents 11104:Spanish Louisiana 10983:Columbia District 10906:(1643–1654; 1675– 10792:Massachusetts Bay 10720:Southern Colonies 10689:Thirteen Colonies 10634:Force of Citizens 10460:Ferling, John E. 10453:Chartrand, René. 10391:Struna, Nancy L. 10306:table of contents 10256:Fogleman, Aaron. 10159:Bruce, Philip A. 9777:Pencak, William. 9339:978-0-89879-772-5 8992:978-0-89879-772-5 8965:978-1-4474-8587-2 8938:978-0-7222-8426-1 8911:978-0-06-009026-5 8474:A Factious People 8461:A Factious People 8270:10.1111/lsi.12222 8229:978-0-520-93310-1 8141:10.1111/lsi.12222 7615:978-0-300-03548-3 7587:978-0-8078-4814-2 7486:John E. Pomfret, 6750:978-0-691-02248-2 6694:978-0-300-05181-0 6415:978-0-8070-5007-1 6233:Wallace Notestein 6179:by Arthur Grenke" 6090:Thirteen Colonies 5957:Southern Colonies 5668:George Whitefield 5649:Church of England 5628:Dartmouth College 5590:Puritans founded 5502:Benjamin Franklin 5476:David Rittenhouse 5168:island colony of 5075:1810–1865: 51,000 5069:1791–1800: 79,000 5066:1771–1790: 56,000 5063:1761–1770: 63,000 5057:1620–1700: 21,000 4878:George Whitefield 4812:Massachusetts Bay 4777:British Dissenter 4773:Thirteen Colonies 4749:Southern Colonies 4692:Church of England 4561:Political culture 4387:, whose pamphlet 4377:Revolutionary War 4365:Stamp Act of 1765 4338:Benjamin Franklin 4278:colonial assembly 4170:George Washington 4106:Benjamin Franklin 4092:George Washington 4066:Benjamin Franklin 4051:King George's War 4036:Father Rale's War 4005:King Phillips War 4001:Francis Nicholson 3817:Lords Proprietors 3767:Francis Nicholson 3698:political economy 3613:British colonists 3425:Other New England 3384:Church of England 3365:Mayflower Compact 3351:Church of England 3258:Bacon's Rebellion 3154:Thirteen Colonies 3110:Grigory Shelikhov 3057:Fort Nya Elfsborg 3053:Salem, New Jersey 2871:French claims to 2822:Poste de Arkansea 2788:Poste de Arkansea 2672:Mississippi River 2555:San Juan Bautista 2511:Indian Reductions 2444:San Francisco Bay 2383:took over in the 2342:Adams–Onís Treaty 2244:Adams–Onís Treaty 2209:Mississippi River 2114: 2113: 1927:. Similarly, the 1909:Church of England 1810:Southern Colonies 1767:Mississippi River 1661:Revolutionary War 1653:Thirteen Colonies 1641: 1640: 1563: 1562: 1192:American frontier 1091:Lebanese American 1076:Egyptian American 1006:Estonian American 996:Albanian American 990:European American 967:Japanese American 957:Filipino American 581: 580: 554:Post-Cold War Era 211:Pre-Columbian Era 173: 158: 157: 154: 153: 133:Pre-Columbian era 16:(Redirected from 18423: 18319:Sesquicentennial 18279:Independence Day 18183:Founding Fathers 18149: 18148: 18134: 18133: 18059: 18058: 17987: 17986: 17719: 17718: 17576: 17575: 17569: 17568: 17558: 17557: 17433: 17432: 17428: 17256:Cape St. Vincent 16931: 16930: 16924: 16923: 16894: 16893: 16866:Boston Tea Party 16791:Halifax Resolves 16741:Suffolk Resolves 16532:Grafton ministry 16527:Chatham ministry 16423:Colonial history 16403: 16402: 16389: 16388: 16374: 16367: 16360: 16351: 16350: 16327: 16320: 16207:African American 16089:Health insurance 15977:Household income 15847:National symbols 15778:American English 15751:Federal holidays 15660:household income 15593: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15393: 15392: 15331:Anti-Americanism 15255:Special district 15182:Independent city 15151:County executive 15134: 15133: 14928:Attorney general 14887: 14886: 14876:Federal District 14459:Executive Office 14439: 14438: 14430: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14186:populated places 14166:federal enclaves 14161:federal district 14139: 14138: 14002:American Century 13985:Great Depression 13980:Roaring Twenties 13940:Women's suffrage 13819:Halifax Resolves 13812:Founding Fathers 13807:military history 13772:Pre-colonial era 13696: 13695: 13675: 13668: 13661: 13652: 13651: 13638: 13628: 13627: 13592: 13591: 13521:Outlying islands 13478:Washington, D.C. 13473:Federal District 13172:Manifest destiny 13145: 13144: 13134: 13133: 13076:Native Americans 13048:Iranian American 13022:Mexican American 13008:Serbian American 12993:Italian American 12983:Finnish American 12973:English American 12924:Chinese American 12911:African American 12896: 12895: 12701:Direct democracy 12691:The Constitution 12650:Higher education 12573:American Century 12558: 12557: 12011:Great Depression 11984:Women's suffrage 11974:Roaring Twenties 11900:Haymarket affair 11858:Enforcement Acts 11647:Jeffersonian era 11595:Shays' Rebellion 11515:Intolerable Acts 11510:Boston Tea Party 11445:Queen Anne's War 11373: 11372: 11362: 11361: 11329: 11322: 11315: 11306: 11305: 11292: 11291: 11275: 11267: 11259: 11251: 11249:Mourt's Relation 11243: 11235: 11160:French Louisiana 10989:Red River Colony 10912: 10909: 10856:Berkeley Hundred 10715:Tobacco Colonies 10682: 10675: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10646: 10645: 10639:Internet Archive 10626:Internet Archive 10432:Anderson, Fred. 10427:Military history 10323: 10310:Kidd, Thomas S. 10211: 10182: 10128:Atlantic Studies 10123: 10121: 10110: 10074: 10056: 10024: 10009: 9844: 9830:Colonial America 9824: 9745: 9736: 9727: 9705: 9683: 9682: 9652: 9641: 9634: 9628: 9618: 9612: 9605: 9599: 9592: 9586: 9571: 9565: 9558: 9552: 9545: 9539: 9531: 9525: 9518: 9512: 9505: 9499: 9492: 9486: 9476: 9470: 9463: 9457: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9402: 9396: 9389: 9383: 9376: 9370: 9363: 9357: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9323: 9317: 9315:full text online 9307: 9301: 9294: 9288: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9169: 9163: 9156: 9150: 9143: 9137: 9126:(July 2003) 3#4 9120: 9114: 9107: 9101: 9091: 9085: 9074: 9068: 9061: 9055: 9044:Dec. 2000 105:5 9038: 9032: 9029: 9023: 9016: 9010: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8860: 8854: 8849:Thomas S. Kidd, 8847: 8841: 8834: 8828: 8821: 8815: 8804: 8798: 8791: 8785: 8778: 8772: 8765: 8759: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8746:Colonial America 8741: 8730: 8729: 8701: 8690: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8653: 8647: 8637: 8631: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8587: 8581: 8574: 8568: 8567:(ABC-CLIO, 2012) 8561: 8555: 8548: 8542: 8535: 8529: 8522: 8516: 8509: 8503: 8498:Jack P. Greene, 8496: 8490: 8483: 8477: 8470: 8464: 8457: 8451: 8441: 8435: 8428: 8422: 8415: 8409: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8367: 8361: 8354: 8348: 8341: 8335: 8328: 8322: 8312: 8306: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8264:(4): 1006–1035. 8249: 8234: 8233: 8211:Tending the Wild 8205: 8196: 8195: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8135:(4): 1006–1035. 8120: 8111: 8110: 8104: 8096: 8068: 8057: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8015: 8009: 8002: 7996: 7989: 7983: 7976: 7970: 7963: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7937: 7927: 7921: 7912:Bernard Bailyn, 7910: 7904: 7903:(2006), ch 13–16 7897: 7888: 7881: 7870: 7863: 7857: 7854: 7848: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7814: 7808: 7803:Robert M. Weir, 7801: 7795: 7788: 7782: 7775: 7769: 7759: 7753: 7746: 7740: 7723: 7717: 7710: 7704: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7650:. Archived from 7644: 7638: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7575: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7545:. Archived from 7539: 7533: 7526: 7520: 7510: 7504: 7497: 7491: 7484: 7478: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7436: 7430: 7420: 7414: 7407: 7401: 7394: 7381: 7374: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7348: 7342: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7281: 7275: 7268: 7259: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7222: 7216: 7211:J.A. Leo Lemay, 7209: 7203: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7146: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7099: 7093: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7067:. Lcweb2.loc.gov 7061: 7055: 7054: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7027:on July 19, 2011 7013: 7007: 6998: 6992: 6982: 6976: 6969: 6963: 6956: 6950: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6882:"Henri de Tonti" 6878: 6872: 6855: 6849: 6842: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6811: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6734: 6728: 6714: 6708: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6641: 6635: 6624:(1991) ch 27–31 6618: 6612: 6600: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6564: 6555: 6540: 6539: 6533: 6525: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6482: 6475: 6469: 6464:Michael Gannon, 6462: 6456: 6455: 6439: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6407: 6397: 6391: 6381: 6375: 6365: 6359: 6349: 6343: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6318: 6312: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6280: 6274: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6246: 6240: 6230: 6224: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6135: 6129: 6122: 5945:, seamstresses, 5921:reached 40,000, 5859:Northern Ireland 5696:Brown University 5681:Williams College 5660:Jonathan Edwards 5616:Brown University 5606:in 1701. Later, 5562:Jonathan Edwards 5432: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5115:Carl Bridenbaugh 4874:Jonathan Edwards 4787:, or Quaker) or 4551:charter colonies 4426:Intolerable Acts 4369:Boston Tea Party 4330:Atlantic history 4304:that led to the 4274:House of Commons 4262:Commonwealth men 4147:Seven Years' War 4022:during the four 3908:established the 3906:James Oglethorpe 3858:Queen Anne's War 3509:King William III 3458:Aquidneck Island 3411:City upon a Hill 3373:William Bradford 3212:food, and drink. 3136:English colonies 3126:purchased Alaska 3090:Russian colonies 2873:French Louisiana 2861:Peoria, Illinois 2845:Sainte Genevieve 2827:Illinois Country 2656:Seven Years' War 2559:John the Baptist 2545:set sail on his 2495:, starting with 2436:Spanish galleons 2313:Seven Years' War 2302:James Oglethorpe 2106: 2099: 2092: 2078: 2077: 2076: 1964: 1943: 1942: 1923:settled most of 1779:Virginia in 1676 1716:English Puritans 1633: 1626: 1619: 1603: 1593: 1592: 1554: 1553: 1197:Manifest destiny 1187:Historic regions 1169: 1168: 1109:Native Americans 1081:Iranian American 1055:Mexican American 1041:Serbian American 1026:Italian American 1011:Finnish American 1001:English American 952:Chinese American 939:African American 739:Direct democracy 729:The Constitution 688:Higher education 597:American Century 499:Civil Rights Era 477:Civil Rights Era 433:Great Depression 422:Roaring Twenties 290:Jeffersonian Era 200: 199: 195: 185: 171: 160: 159: 150: 131: 124: 62: 45: 44: 21: 18431: 18430: 18426: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18421: 18420: 18386: 18385: 18384: 18379: 18378: 18365: 18304:Von Steuben Day 18202: 18171: 18143: 18124: 18064: 18041: 17983:Colonial allies 17974: 17873: 17706: 17667:King George III 17655: 17563: 17540: 17509: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17417: 17391: 17320: 17301:Lochry's Defeat 17186:Assunpink Creek 17176:Fort Washington 17121: 17055: 17053: 17042: 17033:Hortalez et Cie 17004:Colonial allies 16999: 16966: 16935:United Colonies 16918: 16880: 16846:Boston Massacre 16824: 16815:Perpetual Union 16771:United Colonies 16704:Sons of Liberty 16667: 16575: 16573: 16572:Related British 16566: 16495: 16397: 16393:Origins of the 16383: 16378: 16348: 16343: 16330: 16323: 16316: 16299: 16285:Opioid epidemic 16202:Native American 16182:intersex rights 16133: 16129:Life expectancy 16119:Medical deserts 16109:Race and health 16006: 15992:Personal income 15938: 15842:National anthem 15675:personal income 15640:Economic issues 15574: 15526: 15374: 15274: 15263:School district 15249: 15232:Minor divisions 15226: 15165: 15123: 15062: 15048:Statutory codes 15029: 14992: 14969: 14879: 14874: 14861: 14796: 14753:civil liberties 14734: 14725:Other tribunals 14704:District courts 14656: 14615:current members 14598:current members 14579: 14513:Law enforcement 14411: 14124: 14073: 14064:Great Recession 13935:Progressive Era 13925:Native genocide 13856:Perpetual Union 13844:Treaty of Paris 13802:United Colonies 13760: 13685: 13679: 13649: 13644: 13598: 13572: 13516: 13480: 13468: 13207: 13181: 13139: 13124: 13030:Jewish American 13003:Polish American 12944:Korean American 12934:Indian American 12901: 12886: 12741:Merchant Marine 12711:Law enforcement 12563: 12544: 12418: 12414:Great Recession 12321: 12295:Reagan Doctrine 12249: 12228:Stonewall riots 12150: 12124:Project Mercury 12085:Truman Doctrine 12061: 11969:First Red Scare 11943: 11912:Progressive Era 11824: 11784:Bleeding Kansas 11740: 11687:Monroe Doctrine 11663: 11611: 11570:Treaty of Paris 11531: 11505:Boston Massacre 11500:Sons of Liberty 11396: 11367: 11356: 11338: 11333: 11303: 11298: 11280: 11224: 11215: 11210:Russian America 11128:Alta California 11098:Las Californias 11050:Spanish Florida 11029: 11018: 10910: 10829: 10815: 10729: 10725:United Colonies 10705:Middle Colonies 10691: 10686: 10651: 10631:The short film 10618:The short film 10605: 10596:Wayback Machine 10583:Wayback Machine 10564: 10531:(1973) 4 vol.22 10524: 10522:Primary sources 10429: 10347:Nagl, Dominik. 10263:Games, Alison. 10231:Daniel, Bruce. 10200:10.2307/1835775 10170:(1991), 524pp 10094:Berkin, Carol. 10010:Also online at 9998:10.2307/1836116 9980: 9893:(2nd ed. 2006). 9805: 9724: 9700: 9697: 9695:Reference books 9692: 9687: 9686: 9671:10.2307/2936182 9653: 9644: 9635: 9631: 9619: 9615: 9606: 9602: 9593: 9589: 9572: 9568: 9559: 9555: 9546: 9542: 9532: 9528: 9519: 9515: 9506: 9502: 9493: 9489: 9477: 9473: 9464: 9460: 9451: 9447: 9424:10.2307/2702135 9403: 9399: 9390: 9386: 9377: 9373: 9364: 9360: 9351: 9347: 9340: 9324: 9320: 9308: 9304: 9296:Brian Donahue, 9295: 9291: 9279: 9275: 9267: 9263: 9255: 9251: 9243: 9239: 9218:(4): 669, 673. 9208: 9204: 9196: 9192: 9183: 9179: 9170: 9166: 9157: 9153: 9144: 9140: 9135:Wayback Machine 9121: 9117: 9108: 9104: 9092: 9088: 9075: 9071: 9062: 9058: 9053:Wayback Machine 9039: 9035: 9030: 9026: 9017: 9013: 9004: 9000: 8993: 8977: 8973: 8966: 8950: 8946: 8939: 8923: 8919: 8912: 8896: 8892: 8877:10.2307/2078652 8861: 8857: 8848: 8844: 8835: 8831: 8822: 8818: 8805: 8801: 8792: 8788: 8779: 8775: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8742: 8733: 8726: 8702: 8693: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8654: 8650: 8638: 8634: 8629:Wayback Machine 8615: 8611: 8588: 8584: 8575: 8571: 8562: 8558: 8549: 8545: 8536: 8532: 8523: 8519: 8510: 8506: 8497: 8493: 8484: 8480: 8471: 8467: 8458: 8454: 8442: 8438: 8429: 8425: 8421:(2003) pp 281–2 8416: 8412: 8403: 8399: 8384:10.2307/1844105 8368: 8364: 8355: 8351: 8342: 8338: 8329: 8325: 8313: 8309: 8297: 8293: 8250: 8237: 8230: 8206: 8199: 8184: 8168: 8164: 8121: 8114: 8098: 8097: 8085: 8069: 8060: 8051: 8047: 8032:10.2307/1919154 8016: 8012: 8003: 7999: 7990: 7986: 7977: 7973: 7964: 7960: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7928: 7924: 7911: 7907: 7898: 7891: 7883:Fred Anderson, 7882: 7873: 7864: 7860: 7855: 7851: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7815: 7811: 7802: 7798: 7794:(2007) pp 83–90 7789: 7785: 7777:Edmund Morgan, 7776: 7772: 7760: 7756: 7747: 7743: 7738:Wayback Machine 7724: 7720: 7716:(1988) p 24-25. 7712:John E. Selby, 7711: 7707: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7671: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7627: 7623: 7616: 7599: 7595: 7588: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7527: 7523: 7511: 7507: 7498: 7494: 7485: 7481: 7472: 7468: 7453:10.2307/2947435 7437: 7433: 7421: 7417: 7408: 7404: 7395: 7384: 7375: 7371: 7362: 7358: 7349: 7345: 7336: 7332: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7282: 7278: 7269: 7262: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7223: 7219: 7210: 7206: 7193: 7189: 7144: 7138:Whaples, Robert 7135: 7131: 7116:10.2307/1923515 7100: 7096: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7001:Amandus Johnson 6999: 6995: 6983: 6979: 6970: 6966: 6957: 6953: 6944: 6940: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6870:Wayback Machine 6856: 6852: 6843: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6813: 6812: 6805: 6796: 6792: 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6735: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6642: 6638: 6633:Wayback Machine 6619: 6615: 6610:Wayback Machine 6601: 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3961: 3937: 3925:Main articles: 3923: 3884: 3878: 3819:who obtained a 3809: 3797:Main articles: 3795: 3750: 3736:(1795) and the 3609: 3527: 3525:Middle Colonies 3521: 3519:Middle Colonies 3477: 3454:Anne Hutchinson 3427: 3407:redeemer nation 3369:Plymouth Colony 3357:in 1620 on the 3322: 3314:Main articles: 3312: 3307: 3293:Plymouth Colony 3283:Main articles: 3281: 3238: 3233: 3221:Main articles: 3219: 3171:is shown by "J" 3156: 3146:British America 3138: 3118:Nikolay Rezanov 3102: 3096:Russian America 3094:Main articles: 3092: 3082:in present-day 3014:Amandus Johnson 3002: 2994:Main articles: 2992: 2953:Nieuw-Nederland 2939: 2931:Main articles: 2929: 2885:Lower Louisiana 2881:Rocky Mountains 2869: 2815:in 1679 and in 2807:, explored the 2781:in 1679 and in 2767: 2751:Michilimackinac 2731: 2640: 2632:Main articles: 2630: 2539: 2533: 2515:Mission Indians 2492:Las Californias 2467:Alta California 2419:in present-day 2409: 2399: 2393: 2360: 2352:Main articles: 2350: 2317:Andrew Turnbull 2304:'s 1740 siege. 2274: 2272:Spanish Florida 2266:Main articles: 2264: 2172: 2164:Main articles: 2162: 2110: 2074: 2072: 2067: 1954:of the Americas 1953: 1941: 1933:Roman Catholics 1905: 1893:Navigation Acts 1882: 1876: 1826: 1802:Middle Colonies 1752:Russian America 1637: 1565: 1564: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1063:Jewish American 1036:Polish American 1016:German American 972:Korean American 962:Indian American 933: 925: 924: 779:Merchant Marine 749:Law enforcement 617:Racial violence 591: 583: 582: 389:Progressive Era 197: 193: 174: 172:History of the 142: 140: 122: 110: 101: 96: 76: 41: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18429: 18419: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18381: 18380: 18375: 18374: 18371: 18370: 18367: 18366: 18364: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18352: 18351: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18309:Minor holidays 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18210: 18208: 18204: 18203: 18201: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18179: 18177: 18173: 18172: 18170: 18169: 18161: 18155: 18153: 18145: 18144: 18142: 18141: 18140:Related topics 18130: 18129: 18126: 18125: 18123: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18110:Bill of Rights 18107: 18102: 18095: 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18069: 18066: 18065: 18055: 18054: 18051: 18050: 18047: 18046: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17993: 17991: 17984: 17980: 17979: 17976: 17975: 17973: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17957: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17881: 17879: 17875: 17874: 17872: 17871: 17866: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17725: 17723: 17716: 17712: 17711: 17708: 17707: 17705: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17663: 17661: 17657: 17656: 17654: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17582: 17580: 17573: 17565: 17564: 17554: 17553: 17550: 17549: 17546: 17545: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17517: 17515: 17514:Loyal colonies 17511: 17510: 17508: 17507: 17502: 17500:South Carolina 17497: 17492: 17487: 17485:North Carolina 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17441: 17439: 17437:Rebel colonies 17430: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17399: 17397: 17393: 17392: 17390: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17377:Sint Eustatius 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17339: 17337:"First Salute" 17334: 17328: 17326: 17322: 17321: 17319: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17281:Kings Mountain 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17188: 17183: 17178: 17173: 17171:Harlem Heights 17168: 17163: 17161:Valcour Island 17158: 17153: 17148: 17143: 17138: 17132: 17130: 17123: 17122: 17120: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17058: 17056: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17044: 17043: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17029: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17007: 17005: 17001: 17000: 16998: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16976: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16965: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16943: 16941: 16928: 16920: 16919: 16917: 16916: 16913: 16910: 16907: 16904: 16901: 16890: 16889: 16886: 16885: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16838: 16832: 16830: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16822: 16817: 16808: 16803: 16798: 16796:Lee Resolution 16793: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16714:Black Patriots 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16681: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16668: 16666: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16578: 16576: 16571: 16568: 16567: 16565: 16564: 16562:Black Loyalist 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16537:North ministry 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16503: 16501: 16497: 16496: 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16476: 16469: 16462: 16457: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16409: 16407: 16399: 16398: 16385: 16384: 16377: 16376: 16369: 16362: 16354: 16345: 16344: 16342: 16341: 16336: 16329: 16328: 16321: 16313: 16312: 16309: 16308: 16305: 16304: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16281: 16280: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16241:Mass shootings 16238: 16233: 16232: 16231: 16229:Climate change 16226: 16216: 16211: 16210: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16167:Discrimination 16164: 16159: 16158: 16157: 16147: 16141: 16139: 16135: 16134: 16132: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16080: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16059: 16058: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16022: 16016: 16014: 16008: 16007: 16005: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15957:American Dream 15954: 15948: 15946: 15940: 15939: 15937: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15924:Transportation 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15870: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15857:Mount Rushmore 15854: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15828: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15797: 15792: 15791: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15754: 15753: 15743: 15738: 15737: 15736: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15715: 15714: 15709: 15699: 15698: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15601: 15599: 15586: 15580: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15536: 15534: 15528: 15527: 15525: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15477:Federal budget 15474: 15469: 15464: 15463: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15415:Communications 15412: 15407: 15396: 15390: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15366: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15345: 15344: 15343: 15338: 15336:exceptionalism 15333: 15323: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15314:foreign policy 15306: 15305: 15304: 15299: 15289: 15283: 15280: 15279: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15272: 15271: 15270: 15259: 15257: 15251: 15250: 15248: 15247: 15242: 15236: 15234: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15173: 15171: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15142: 15140: 15131: 15125: 15124: 15122: 15121: 15116: 15115: 15114: 15104: 15103: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15082: 15076: 15074: 15068: 15067: 15064: 15063: 15061: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15039: 15037: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15027: 15026: 15025: 15015: 15014: 15013: 15011:Chief justices 15006:Supreme courts 15002: 15000: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14990: 14985: 14979: 14977: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14919: 14918: 14908: 14907: 14906: 14895: 14893: 14884: 14867: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14848: 14847: 14845:National Guard 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14806: 14804: 14798: 14797: 14795: 14794: 14789: 14788: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14762: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14748:Bill of Rights 14744: 14742: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14721: 14720: 14718:list of judges 14715: 14713:list of courts 14701: 14700: 14699: 14697:list of judges 14689: 14688: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14666: 14664: 14658: 14657: 14655: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14632:Capitol Police 14629: 14628: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14607: 14606: 14605: 14600: 14589: 14587: 14581: 14580: 14578: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14561: 14560: 14555: 14553:Secret Service 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14510: 14509: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14466:Vice President 14463: 14462: 14461: 14456: 14445: 14443: 14436: 14423: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14346: 14345: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14254: 14253: 14252: 14250:National Parks 14242: 14241: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14210: 14205: 14203:Extreme points 14200: 14195: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14142: 14136: 14130: 14129: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14081: 14079: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14060: 14059: 14054: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13998: 13997: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13961: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13890:Federalist Era 13887: 13886: 13885: 13883:Bill of Rights 13880: 13870: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13841: 13831: 13826: 13824:Lee Resolution 13821: 13816: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13774: 13768: 13766: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13702: 13700: 13693: 13687: 13686: 13684: articles 13678: 13677: 13670: 13663: 13655: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13642: 13632: 13622: 13620:Historiography 13617: 13611: 13608: 13607: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13596: 13586: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13558:Navassa Island 13555: 13550: 13545: 13543:Johnston Atoll 13540: 13535: 13533:Howland Island 13530: 13524: 13522: 13518: 13517: 13515: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13492:American Samoa 13488: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13476: 13474: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13414:South Carolina 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13379:North Carolina 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13215: 13213: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13205: 13203:The West Coast 13200: 13195: 13189: 13187: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13179: 13177:Indian removal 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13153: 13151: 13141: 13140: 13130: 13129: 13126: 13125: 13123: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13098: 13091: 13090: 13089: 13084: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13068:Saudi American 13065: 13060: 13055: 13053:Iraqi American 13050: 13045: 13033: 13026: 13025: 13024: 13012: 13011: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12988:Irish American 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12958: 12957: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12918:Asian American 12914: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12892: 12891: 12888: 12887: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12846:Sexual slavery 12836: 12829: 12822: 12821: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12744: 12737: 12730: 12729: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12716:Postal service 12713: 12708: 12706:Foreign policy 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12661: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12626: 12625: 12624: 12612: 12611: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12583: 12576: 12568: 12565: 12564: 12554: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12498: 12493: 12486: 12481: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12434: 12428: 12426: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12400: 12399: 12394: 12384: 12379: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12331: 12329: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12282: 12280:Crack epidemic 12277: 12276: 12275: 12270: 12259: 12257: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12245:Moral Majority 12242: 12237: 12232: 12231: 12230: 12223:Gay liberation 12220: 12215: 12213:Counterculture 12210: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12201:Fall of Saigon 12198: 12193: 12183: 12182: 12181: 12179:Apollo program 12176: 12174:Project Gemini 12166: 12160: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12142: 12141: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12115: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12092:Early Cold War 12089: 12088: 12087: 12077: 12071: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12056: 12055: 12045: 12040: 12030: 12029: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12008: 12007: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11971: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11953: 11951: 11945: 11944: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11909: 11908: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11872: 11867: 11866: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11834: 11832: 11826: 11825: 11823: 11822: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11805: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11787: 11786: 11776: 11771: 11764:Prelude to War 11761: 11756: 11754:Antebellum Era 11750: 11748: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11727: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11699:Trail of Tears 11694:Jacksonian era 11691: 11690: 11689: 11684: 11673: 11671: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11654: 11644: 11643: 11642: 11637: 11630:Federalist Era 11627: 11625:Bill of Rights 11621: 11619: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11609: 11608: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11574: 11573: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11560:Lee Resolution 11557: 11552: 11541: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11406: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11394: 11387: 11379: 11377: 11369: 11368: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11349: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11332: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11309: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11296: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11270: 11262: 11254: 11246: 11238: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11213: 11207: 11201: 11195: 11189: 11183: 11177: 11171: 11168:New Netherland 11165: 11164: 11163: 11157: 11151: 11145: 11142:French Florida 11133: 11132: 11131: 11125: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11101: 11095: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11041: 11034: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11027: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11016: 11010: 11004: 10998: 10992: 10986: 10980: 10974: 10968: 10962: 10956: 10953:Indian Reserve 10950: 10944: 10938: 10932: 10926: 10920: 10914: 10901: 10895: 10889: 10883: 10877: 10871: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10827: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10813: 10807: 10804:South Carolina 10801: 10798:North Carolina 10795: 10789: 10783: 10777: 10771: 10765: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10741: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10685: 10684: 10677: 10670: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10643: 10642: 10629: 10616: 10611: 10604: 10603:External links 10601: 10600: 10599: 10586: 10576: 10570: 10563: 10562:Online sources 10560: 10559: 10558: 10551: 10544: 10532: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10507: 10497: 10492:LePore, Jill. 10490: 10479: 10472: 10467:Gallay, Alan. 10465: 10458: 10451: 10440: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10416: 10409: 10401:Tate, Thad W. 10399: 10389: 10381:Savelle, Max. 10379: 10371:Savelle, Max. 10369: 10362: 10355: 10353:online edition 10345: 10338: 10331: 10324: 10315: 10308: 10298: 10288: 10278: 10268: 10261: 10254: 10239: 10229: 10219: 10212: 10183: 10174: 10164: 10157: 10148: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10111: 10102: 10098:(1997) 276pp 10092: 10085: 10075: 10054:2286/R.I.26592 10039:(3): 490–525. 10028: 10014: 9979: 9978:Special topics 9976: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9967:Taylor, Alan. 9960:Taylor, Alan. 9958: 9950:Savelle, Max. 9948: 9938: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9906:McNeese, Tim. 9904: 9894: 9887: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9853: 9836: 9826: 9816: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9799: 9792: 9784:Taylor, Dale. 9782: 9775: 9768: 9758: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9728: 9722: 9707: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9665:(4): 542–571. 9642: 9629: 9613: 9600: 9587: 9566: 9560:Gary B. Nash, 9553: 9540: 9526: 9513: 9500: 9487: 9471: 9458: 9445: 9418:(2): 161–171. 9397: 9384: 9371: 9358: 9356:(Harper, 1972) 9345: 9338: 9318: 9302: 9289: 9273: 9261: 9249: 9237: 9224:10.2307/359931 9202: 9190: 9177: 9164: 9151: 9138: 9115: 9102: 9099:online edition 9086: 9069: 9056: 9033: 9024: 9022:(1988) p . 678 9011: 9005:Carol Berkin, 8998: 8991: 8971: 8964: 8944: 8937: 8917: 8910: 8890: 8871:(1): 200–207. 8855: 8842: 8829: 8816: 8799: 8786: 8773: 8760: 8751: 8731: 8725:978-0306806872 8724: 8691: 8675: 8663: 8648: 8632: 8609: 8598:(3): 204–220. 8582: 8569: 8556: 8543: 8530: 8517: 8504: 8491: 8478: 8465: 8452: 8436: 8423: 8410: 8397: 8362: 8349: 8336: 8323: 8307: 8291: 8235: 8228: 8197: 8182: 8162: 8112: 8083: 8058: 8045: 8026:(4): 566–591. 8010: 7997: 7984: 7971: 7958: 7944: 7922: 7905: 7889: 7871: 7865:H. W. Brands, 7858: 7849: 7836: 7829: 7809: 7796: 7783: 7770: 7754: 7741: 7718: 7705: 7692: 7686:978-0813117492 7685: 7665: 7639: 7621: 7614: 7593: 7586: 7560: 7534: 7521: 7505: 7492: 7479: 7466: 7447:(3): 355–388. 7431: 7415: 7402: 7382: 7369: 7356: 7343: 7330: 7303: 7296: 7276: 7260: 7244: 7237: 7217: 7204: 7187: 7157:(1): 139–154. 7140:(March 1995). 7129: 7110:(2): 114–153. 7094: 7078: 7056: 7038: 7008: 6993: 6977: 6964: 6951: 6938: 6920: 6913: 6893: 6873: 6850: 6834: 6803: 6790: 6781: 6756: 6749: 6729: 6709: 6700: 6693: 6669: 6657: 6636: 6613: 6595: 6584: 6573:(2): 107–126. 6541: 6512: 6492: 6483: 6470: 6457: 6450: 6421: 6414: 6392: 6376: 6360: 6344: 6328: 6313: 6300: 6288: 6275: 6259: 6241: 6225: 6212: 6189:(1): 197–199. 6165: 6146:(2): 258–280. 6130: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6011: 5987:social history 5982: 5979: 5971:South Carolina 5958: 5955: 5936:Fairmount Park 5932:Georgian-style 5914: 5911: 5885:North Carolina 5881:South Carolina 5842: 5839: 5783: 5780: 5719: 5716: 5644: 5641: 5581:Gilbert Stuart 5514:Robert Beverly 5506: 5505: 5499: 5490: 5483: 5438: 5435: 5325: 5322: 5289: 5286: 5239:A majority of 5225: 5222: 5177: 5174: 5110: 5107: 5082: 5081: 5079:Total: 583,000 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5047:Main article: 5044: 5041: 5005:Goody Armitage 4944: 4941: 4897:Dutch Reformed 4889:Congregational 4864: 4861: 4793:Dutch Reformed 4765:South Carolina 4761:North Carolina 4674:Main article: 4671: 4668: 4633: 4630: 4603:Scottish Irish 4562: 4559: 4555:letters patent 4529:crown colonies 4522:colonial agent 4518:Board of Trade 4502:Main article: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4461: 4458: 4430:Quartering Act 4410:Quartering Act 4356:Main article: 4353: 4350: 4325: 4324:Atlantic world 4322: 4282:House of Lords 4256:drew upon the 4235:Georgian style 4221:British Empire 4216: 4213: 4162:British Empire 4090:A portrait of 4080:Main article: 4077: 4074: 4009:Covenant Chain 3968:Main article: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3922: 3919: 3910:Georgia Colony 3880:Main article: 3877: 3874: 3794: 3791: 3749: 3746: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3523:Main article: 3520: 3517: 3476: 3473: 3434:Roger Williams 3426: 3423: 3311: 3308: 3280: 3277: 3246:Chesapeake Bay 3237: 3234: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3137: 3134: 3091: 3088: 3065:New Netherland 3045:Fort Christina 2991: 2988: 2945:A 1660 map of 2933:New Netherland 2928: 2927:New Netherland 2925: 2868: 2865: 2766: 2763: 2735:Pays d'en Haut 2730: 2729:Pays d'en Haut 2727: 2723:Spanish Empire 2629: 2626: 2587:African slaves 2532: 2529: 2502:El Camino Real 2487:Junípero Serra 2440:Cape Mendocino 2430:starting with 2395:Main article: 2392: 2389: 2349: 2346: 2263: 2260: 2161: 2158: 2134:Ajacán Mission 2112: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2094: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2063:Decolonization 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1957: 1956: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1921:King Charles I 1904: 1901: 1875: 1872: 1825: 1822: 1724:Nonconformists 1706:, the English 1692:New Netherland 1677:Dutch Republic 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1597: 1586: 1585: 1583:Historiography 1580: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1548: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1228:The West Coast 1225: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1202:Indian removal 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1176: 1175: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1131: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1101:Saudi American 1098: 1093: 1088: 1086:Iraqi American 1083: 1078: 1066: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1021:Irish American 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 946:Asian American 942: 934: 931: 930: 927: 926: 923: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 888: 887: 886: 884:Sexual slavery 874: 867: 860: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 821: 820: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 782: 775: 768: 767: 766: 761: 756: 754:Postal service 751: 746: 744:Foreign policy 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 699: 692: 691: 690: 678: 677: 676: 664: 663: 662: 650: 649: 648: 643: 638: 633: 621: 620: 619: 607: 600: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 578: 575: 571: 570: 568: 560: 559: 556: 549: 548: 546: 538: 537: 534: 527: 526: 524: 516: 515: 512: 505: 504: 501: 494: 493: 491: 483: 482: 479: 472: 471: 468: 461: 460: 458: 450: 449: 446: 439: 438: 435: 428: 427: 424: 417: 416: 413: 406: 405: 403: 395: 394: 391: 384: 383: 380: 373: 372: 369: 362: 361: 359: 351: 350: 347: 340: 339: 337: 329: 328: 325: 323:Jacksonian Era 318: 317: 314: 307: 306: 304: 296: 295: 292: 285: 284: 281: 279:Federalist Era 274: 273: 271: 263: 262: 259: 252: 251: 248: 241: 240: 238: 230: 229: 226: 218: 217: 214: 198: 191: 190: 187: 186: 178: 177: 167: 166: 156: 155: 152: 151: 135: 116: 115: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 63: 55: 54: 50: 49: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18428: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18393: 18391: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18284:Patriots' Day 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18261: 18260: 18259:Commemoration 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18211: 18209: 18205: 18199: 18198:Yankee Doodle 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18174: 18168: 18167: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18154: 18150: 18146: 18139: 18138: 18135: 18131: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18100: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18070: 18067: 18060: 18056: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18027:de Rochambeau 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17992: 17988: 17985: 17981: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17882: 17880: 17876: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17726: 17724: 17720: 17717: 17713: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17664: 17662: 17658: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17583: 17581: 17577: 17574: 17570: 17566: 17559: 17555: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17518: 17516: 17512: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17470:New Hampshire 17468: 17466: 17465:Massachusetts 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17442: 17440: 17438: 17434: 17431: 17420: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17394: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17335: 17333: 17330: 17329: 17327: 17323: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17192: 17189: 17187: 17184: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17134: 17133: 17131: 17129: 17124: 17118: 17117:Naval battles 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17059: 17057: 17052:Campaigns and 17049: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17013: 17012: 17009: 17008: 17006: 17002: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16973: 16969: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16944: 16942: 16940: 16936: 16932: 16929: 16925: 16921: 16914: 16911: 16908: 16905: 16902: 16899: 16898: 16895: 16891: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16856:Gaspee affair 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16827: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16731: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16680: 16677: 16676: 16674: 16670: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16577: 16569: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16512:Bute ministry 16510: 16508: 16505: 16504: 16502: 16498: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16481: 16477: 16474: 16470: 16467: 16463: 16461: 16460:Spirit of '76 16458: 16456: 16455: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16433:Republicanism 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16410: 16408: 16404: 16400: 16396: 16390: 16386: 16382: 16375: 16370: 16368: 16363: 16361: 16356: 16355: 16352: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16331: 16326: 16322: 16319: 16315: 16314: 16310: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16279: 16276: 16275: 16274: 16271: 16267: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16221: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16214:Energy policy 16212: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16156: 16155:incarceration 16153: 16152: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16142: 16140: 16136: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16064: 16063: 16060: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16040:Prenatal care 16038: 16036: 16035:Birth control 16033: 16031: 16028: 16027: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16015: 16013: 16009: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15972:Homeownership 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15945: 15941: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15849: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15802: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15775: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15752: 15749: 15748: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15735: 15732: 15731: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15704: 15703: 15700: 15696: 15695:working class 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15655:homeownership 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15642: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15602: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15581: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15535: 15533: 15529: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15435:Manufacturing 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15385: 15371: 15368: 15364: 15363:Third parties 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15349: 15346: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15315: 15312: 15311: 15310: 15307: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15294: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15269: 15266: 15265: 15264: 15261: 15260: 15258: 15256: 15252: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15235: 15233: 15229: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15143: 15141: 15139: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15126: 15120: 15117: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15108: 15105: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15087: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15069: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15036: 15032: 15024: 15021: 15020: 15019: 15016: 15012: 15009: 15008: 15007: 15004: 15003: 15001: 14999: 14995: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14976: 14972: 14964: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14917: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14909: 14905: 14902: 14901: 14900: 14897: 14896: 14894: 14892: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14877: 14872: 14868: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14812: 14811: 14808: 14807: 14805: 14803: 14799: 14793: 14790: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14767: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14754: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14741: 14737: 14731: 14730:U.S. attorney 14728: 14726: 14723: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14710: 14709: 14705: 14702: 14698: 14695: 14694: 14693: 14690: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14675:Chief Justice 14673: 14672: 14671: 14670:Supreme Court 14668: 14667: 14665: 14663: 14659: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14612: 14611: 14608: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14595: 14594: 14591: 14590: 14588: 14586: 14582: 14576: 14575:Public policy 14573: 14571: 14570:Civil service 14568: 14566: 14563: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14515: 14514: 14511: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14488: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14447: 14446: 14444: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14418: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14347: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14259: 14258: 14255: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14246: 14243: 14239: 14238:Sierra Nevada 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14215: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14176:insular zones 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14148: 14147: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14131: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14076: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14047:War on Terror 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14027:LGBT Movement 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13996: 13993: 13992: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13849: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13703: 13701: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13688: 13683: 13682:United States 13676: 13671: 13669: 13664: 13662: 13657: 13656: 13653: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13631: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13615:List of years 13613: 13612: 13609: 13595: 13587: 13585: 13584:Urban history 13582: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13563:Palmyra Atoll 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13538:Jarvis Island 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13519: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13485:Insular areas 13483: 13479: 13475: 13471: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13454:West Virginia 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13359:New Hampshire 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13319:Massachusetts 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13210: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13188: 13184: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13135: 13131: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13097: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13034: 13032: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12964: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12949:Thai American 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12921: 12920: 12919: 12915: 12913: 12912: 12908: 12907: 12904: 12897: 12893: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12856: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12841: 12837: 12835: 12834: 12830: 12828: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12789: 12788: 12787:Party Systems 12784: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12751: 12750: 12749: 12745: 12743: 12742: 12738: 12736: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12726:Voting rights 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12668: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12660: 12659: 12655: 12651: 12648: 12647: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12633: 12632: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12617: 12613: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12584: 12582: 12581: 12577: 12575: 12574: 12570: 12569: 12566: 12559: 12555: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12530: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12491: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12439: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12421: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12389: 12388: 12387:War on terror 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12324: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12287: 12286: 12285:Late Cold War 12283: 12281: 12278: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12265: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12187: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12164:Great Society 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12144: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12119:Post-war boom 12117: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12072: 12070: 12068: 12064: 12054: 12051: 12050: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11827: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11806: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11766: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11747: 11743: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11696: 11695: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11670: 11666: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11649: 11648: 11645: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11618: 11614: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11575: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11534: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11472: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11392: 11388: 11386: 11385: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11363: 11359: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11344: 11341: 11337: 11330: 11325: 11323: 11318: 11316: 11311: 11310: 11307: 11295: 11287: 11286: 11283: 11274: 11271: 11266: 11263: 11258: 11255: 11250: 11247: 11242: 11239: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11223: 11218: 11211: 11208: 11205: 11202: 11199: 11196: 11193: 11190: 11187: 11184: 11181: 11178: 11175: 11172: 11169: 11166: 11161: 11158: 11155: 11152: 11149: 11146: 11143: 11139: 11138: 11137: 11134: 11129: 11126: 11123: 11120: 11117: 11114: 11111: 11108: 11105: 11102: 11099: 11096: 11093: 11092:Spanish Texas 11090: 11087: 11084: 11081: 11078: 11075: 11072: 11069: 11066: 11063: 11060: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11025: 11024: 11021: 11014: 11011: 11008: 11005: 11002: 10999: 10996: 10993: 10990: 10987: 10984: 10981: 10978: 10975: 10972: 10969: 10966: 10963: 10960: 10957: 10954: 10951: 10948: 10945: 10942: 10939: 10936: 10933: 10930: 10927: 10924: 10923:Rupert's Land 10921: 10918: 10915: 10905: 10902: 10899: 10896: 10893: 10890: 10887: 10884: 10881: 10878: 10875: 10872: 10869: 10866: 10863: 10860: 10857: 10854: 10851: 10848: 10845: 10842: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10826: 10825:United States 10822: 10821: 10818: 10811: 10808: 10805: 10802: 10799: 10796: 10793: 10790: 10787: 10784: 10781: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10769: 10766: 10763: 10760: 10757: 10754: 10751: 10748: 10745: 10744:New Hampshire 10742: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10732: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10683: 10678: 10676: 10671: 10669: 10664: 10663: 10660: 10654: 10647: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10630: 10627: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10597: 10593: 10590: 10587: 10584: 10580: 10577: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10556: 10552: 10549: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10533: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10496:(Knopf, 1998) 10495: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10466: 10463: 10459: 10456: 10452: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10430: 10421: 10418:Wood, Betty. 10417: 10414: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10367: 10363: 10360: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10316: 10313: 10309: 10307: 10303: 10299: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10255: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10194:(3): 379–95. 10193: 10189: 10184: 10180: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10162: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10147: 10144:(1996) 512pp 10143: 10139: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10125: 10120: 10119: 10112: 10108: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10029: 10027: 10022: 10021: 10015: 10013: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9982: 9981: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9926: 9922: 9919: 9915: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9892: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9855:Butler, Jon. 9854: 9852: 9848: 9842: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9797: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9729: 9725: 9723:9780765680655 9719: 9715: 9714: 9708: 9703: 9699: 9698: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9639: 9633: 9627: 9624:(1996) 512pp 9623: 9617: 9610: 9604: 9597: 9591: 9584: 9583:0-8071-0575-9 9580: 9576: 9570: 9563: 9557: 9550: 9544: 9537: 9536: 9530: 9523: 9517: 9510: 9504: 9497: 9491: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9468: 9462: 9455: 9449: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9388: 9381: 9375: 9368: 9362: 9355: 9349: 9341: 9335: 9331: 9330: 9322: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9299: 9293: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9271:, p. 520 9270: 9265: 9259:, p. 514 9258: 9253: 9247:, p. 500 9246: 9241: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9206: 9200:, p. 499 9199: 9194: 9187: 9181: 9174: 9168: 9161: 9155: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9083: 9079: 9073: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9050: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9028: 9021: 9015: 9008: 9002: 8994: 8988: 8984: 8983: 8975: 8967: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8948: 8940: 8934: 8930: 8929: 8921: 8913: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8852: 8846: 8839: 8833: 8826: 8820: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8796: 8790: 8783: 8780:John Nelson, 8777: 8770: 8764: 8755: 8747: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8727: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8712:Da Capo Press 8709: 8708: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8660: 8659: 8652: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8579: 8573: 8566: 8560: 8553: 8547: 8540: 8534: 8527: 8521: 8514: 8508: 8501: 8495: 8488: 8482: 8475: 8469: 8462: 8456: 8449: 8445: 8440: 8433: 8427: 8420: 8414: 8407: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8378:(3): 626–46. 8377: 8373: 8366: 8359: 8353: 8346: 8340: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8204: 8202: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8183:0-393-31511-8 8179: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8117: 8108: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8084:1-58826-289-8 8080: 8076: 8075: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8055: 8049: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8001: 7994: 7988: 7981: 7975: 7968: 7962: 7947: 7945:9780804705936 7941: 7936: 7935: 7926: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7902: 7896: 7894: 7886: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7868: 7862: 7853: 7846: 7840: 7832: 7830:9781400879045 7826: 7822: 7821: 7813: 7806: 7800: 7793: 7787: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7715: 7709: 7703:(2002) p 157. 7702: 7699:Alan Taylor, 7696: 7688: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7669: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7617: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7573: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7538: 7532:(1953) p 106. 7531: 7525: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7502: 7496: 7489: 7483: 7476: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7435: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7412: 7406: 7399: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7379: 7376:Anne Mackin, 7373: 7366: 7360: 7353: 7347: 7340: 7334: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7307: 7299: 7297:9780313065361 7293: 7289: 7288: 7280: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7254:Alan Taylor, 7251: 7249: 7240: 7238:9780807132784 7234: 7230: 7229: 7221: 7215:(1972) p 229. 7214: 7208: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7066: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7012: 7005: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6974: 6968: 6961: 6958:Jaap Jacobs, 6955: 6948: 6942: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6916: 6914:9781455609291 6910: 6906: 6905: 6897: 6889: 6888: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6800: 6794: 6785: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6752: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6733: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6704: 6696: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6673: 6666: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6640: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6537: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6513:1-55054-865-4 6509: 6506:. Vancouver. 6505: 6504: 6496: 6487: 6480: 6474: 6467: 6461: 6453: 6451:9780870241499 6447: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6417: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6396: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6285: 6279: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6238: 6234: 6229: 6222: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6178: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6108: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6002: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5923:New York City 5920: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811:New York City 5808: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5702:, and in the 5701: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5650: 5640: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5573:Benjamin West 5569: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5540:Cotton Mather 5537: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5520:(1728–29) by 5519: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5493:Benjamin Rush 5491: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5354:roof shingles 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5313:trestle table 5309: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5285: 5283: 5282:timothy-grass 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270:New Hampshire 5267: 5263: 5262:Massachusetts 5258: 5254: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5235: 5234:United States 5230: 5221: 5219: 5214: 5213:local coinage 5210: 5206: 5203:In 1652, the 5201: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5127:New York City 5124: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5103: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5009:Massachusetts 5006: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4994:Cokie Roberts 4991: 4990:Mary Bartlett 4987: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4943:Women's roles 4940: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4885: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822:), while the 4821: 4820:New Hampshire 4817: 4813: 4809: 4806:Three of the 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4591:Republicanism 4587: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4493:Colonial life 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4373:Massachusetts 4370: 4366: 4359: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4302:republicanism 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4258:republicanism 4255: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4243:Enlightenment 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4212: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4034:, as well as 4033: 4032:New Hampshire 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3997:Edmund Andros 3994: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3971: 3964:Colonial wars 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826:John Colleton 3822: 3821:royal charter 3818: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3782:racial divide 3779: 3778:Edmund Morgan 3774: 3770: 3768: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679:Creek Indians 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550:New York City 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489:Edmund Andros 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3465:New Hampshire 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3355:North America 3352: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3329:Plymouth Rock 3326: 3321: 3317: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2973:New Amsterdam 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2947:New Amsterdam 2943: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2743:Fort de Buade 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2698:(present-day 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2648:North America 2644: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614:Havana Harbor 2611: 2610: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2547:second voyage 2544: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2377:Pueblo Revolt 2374: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278:St. Augustine 2273: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2199: 2198:North America 2195: 2191: 2185: 2181: 2178:The Spaniard 2176: 2171: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2154:Virginia Dare 2151: 2150:Popham Colony 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138:Fort Caroline 2135: 2131: 2130:Fort San Juan 2127: 2123: 2118: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1897:New Amsterdam 1894: 1889: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1841:Casa da Índia 1838: 1834: 1833: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1754:and parts of 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657:United States 1654: 1650: 1649:North America 1646: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1578:List of years 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1557: 1549: 1547: 1546:Urban history 1544: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 993: 992: 991: 987: 983: 980: 978: 977:Thai American 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 948: 947: 943: 941: 940: 936: 935: 929: 928: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 895: 894: 893: 889: 885: 882: 881: 880: 879: 875: 873: 872: 868: 866: 865: 861: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 825:Party Systems 822: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 787: 783: 781: 780: 776: 774: 773: 769: 765: 764:Voting rights 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 705: 704: 700: 698: 697: 693: 689: 686: 685: 684: 683: 679: 675: 672: 671: 670: 669: 665: 661: 658: 657: 656: 655: 651: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 628: 627: 626: 622: 618: 615: 614: 613: 612: 608: 606: 605: 601: 599: 598: 594: 593: 587: 586: 576: 573: 572: 569: 567: 566: 562: 561: 557: 555: 551: 550: 547: 545: 544: 540: 539: 535: 533: 529: 528: 525: 523: 522: 518: 517: 513: 511: 507: 506: 502: 500: 496: 495: 492: 490: 489: 485: 484: 480: 478: 474: 473: 469: 467: 463: 462: 459: 457: 456: 452: 451: 447: 445: 441: 440: 436: 434: 430: 429: 425: 423: 419: 418: 414: 412: 408: 407: 404: 402: 401: 397: 396: 392: 390: 386: 385: 381: 379: 375: 374: 370: 368: 364: 363: 360: 358: 357: 353: 352: 348: 346: 345:Civil War Era 342: 341: 338: 336: 335: 331: 330: 326: 324: 320: 319: 315: 313: 309: 308: 305: 303: 302: 298: 297: 293: 291: 287: 286: 282: 280: 276: 275: 272: 270: 269: 265: 264: 260: 258: 254: 253: 249: 247: 243: 242: 239: 237: 236: 232: 231: 227: 225: 224: 220: 219: 215: 213: 212: 207: 206: 202: 201: 196: 189: 188: 184: 180: 179: 176: 175:United States 169: 168: 165: 162: 161: 149: 145: 139: 134: 130: 125: 121: 117: 114: 109: 105: 100: 95: 91: 87: 84:United States 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 64:The cover of 61: 56: 51: 46: 43: 39: 32: 27: 19: 18324:Bicentennial 18207:Other topics 18193:Liberty Tree 18165: 18105:Constitution 18097: 18002:Beaumarchais 17890:Samuel Adams 17641:William Howe 17636:Richard Howe 17536:West Florida 17521:East Florida 17495:Rhode Island 17490:Pennsylvania 17423:Involvement 17367:Gordon Riots 17352:Valley Forge 17347:Conway Cabal 17325:Other events 17087:Philadelphia 16985:British Army 16876:Powder Alarm 16806:Model Treaty 16728: 16486:Expansionism 16454:Common Sense 16452: 16422: 16256:Human rights 16236:Gun politics 16187:Islamophobia 16177:antisemitism 16045:Hospice care 15987:Middle class 15967:Homelessness 15944:Social class 15904:Social class 15768:Human rights 15758:Homelessness 15670:middle class 15635:Demographics 15610:Architecture 15517:Unemployment 15497:Labor unions 15245:Town meeting 15222:City council 15217:City manager 14958:State police 14820:Marine Corps 14810:Armed Forces 14785:civil rights 14765:Constitution 14337:Southwestern 14332:Southeastern 14322:Northwestern 14317:Northeastern 14282:Mid-Atlantic 14272:Great Plains 13990:World War II 13873:Constitution 13777:Colonial era 13776: 13756:2008–present 13553:Midway Atoll 13548:Kingman Reef 13528:Baker Island 13507:Puerto Rico 13419:South Dakota 13409:Rhode Island 13404:Pennsylvania 13384:North Dakota 13100: 13093: 13074: 13035: 13028: 13014: 12960: 12916: 12909: 12852: 12838: 12831: 12824: 12785: 12759:Marine Corps 12746: 12739: 12732: 12696:Debt ceiling 12681:Civil Rights 12663: 12656: 12642: 12628: 12614: 12585: 12580:Antisemitism 12578: 12571: 12527: 12488: 12424:2008–present 12376:Bush v. Gore 12374: 12312:War on drugs 12186:Mid Cold War 12038:Pearl Harbor 12033:World War II 11853:Ku Klux Klan 11450:Dummer's War 11401: 11389: 11382: 11376:Pre-Colonial 11221: 11198:Krabbeninsel 10971:West Florida 10965:East Florida 10786:Pennsylvania 10762:Rhode Island 10633: 10620: 10554: 10547: 10537: 10528: 10510: 10500: 10493: 10482: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10454: 10443: 10433: 10419: 10412: 10402: 10392: 10382: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10348: 10341: 10334: 10327: 10319: 10311: 10301: 10291: 10281: 10271: 10264: 10257: 10245: 10232: 10222: 10215: 10191: 10187: 10178: 10167: 10160: 10152: 10141: 10134: 10127: 10117: 10106: 10095: 10088: 10078: 10036: 10032: 10019: 9992:(1): 43–63. 9989: 9985: 9971:(2012) 168pp 9968: 9961: 9951: 9941: 9931: 9924: 9917: 9907: 9900: 9890: 9880: 9873: 9866: 9856: 9840: 9829: 9820: 9809: 9795: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9761: 9751: 9741: 9732: 9712: 9701: 9690:Bibliography 9662: 9656: 9637: 9632: 9621: 9616: 9608: 9603: 9595: 9590: 9574: 9569: 9561: 9556: 9548: 9543: 9534: 9529: 9521: 9516: 9508: 9503: 9495: 9490: 9479: 9474: 9466: 9461: 9453: 9448: 9415: 9411: 9400: 9392: 9387: 9379: 9374: 9366: 9361: 9353: 9348: 9328: 9321: 9310: 9305: 9297: 9292: 9281: 9276: 9264: 9252: 9240: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9193: 9185: 9180: 9172: 9167: 9159: 9154: 9146: 9145:Peter Wood, 9141: 9124:Common-Place 9123: 9118: 9110: 9105: 9094: 9089: 9081: 9077: 9072: 9059: 9041: 9036: 9027: 9019: 9014: 9006: 9001: 8981: 8974: 8954: 8947: 8927: 8920: 8900: 8893: 8868: 8864: 8858: 8850: 8845: 8837: 8832: 8824: 8819: 8811: 8807: 8802: 8794: 8789: 8781: 8776: 8763: 8754: 8745: 8706: 8683: 8678: 8666: 8656: 8651: 8640: 8635: 8617: 8612: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8577: 8572: 8564: 8559: 8551: 8546: 8539:History Now, 8538: 8533: 8525: 8520: 8512: 8507: 8499: 8494: 8486: 8481: 8476:, pp 281–286 8473: 8468: 8460: 8455: 8447: 8439: 8431: 8426: 8418: 8413: 8405: 8400: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8357: 8352: 8344: 8339: 8331: 8326: 8315: 8310: 8299: 8294: 8261: 8257: 8210: 8172: 8165: 8132: 8128: 8073: 8053: 8048: 8023: 8019: 8013: 8005: 8000: 7992: 7987: 7979: 7974: 7966: 7961: 7949:. Retrieved 7933: 7925: 7917: 7913: 7908: 7900: 7884: 7866: 7861: 7852: 7844: 7839: 7819: 7812: 7804: 7799: 7791: 7786: 7781:(1975) p 386 7778: 7773: 7762: 7757: 7749: 7744: 7726: 7721: 7713: 7708: 7700: 7695: 7675: 7668: 7656:. Retrieved 7652:the original 7642: 7632: 7624: 7605: 7602:Meinig, D.W. 7596: 7571: 7563: 7551:. Retrieved 7547:the original 7537: 7529: 7524: 7513: 7508: 7500: 7495: 7487: 7482: 7474: 7469: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7423: 7418: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7377: 7372: 7364: 7359: 7351: 7346: 7338: 7333: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7286: 7279: 7271: 7255: 7227: 7220: 7212: 7207: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7182: 7154: 7148: 7132: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7086: 7081: 7069:. Retrieved 7059: 7050: 7041: 7029:. Retrieved 7025:the original 7020: 7011: 7003: 6996: 6990:ch. 1 online 6985: 6980: 6972: 6967: 6959: 6954: 6946: 6941: 6932: 6923: 6903: 6896: 6885: 6876: 6858: 6853: 6825:. Retrieved 6818: 6798: 6793: 6784: 6772:. Retrieved 6768: 6759: 6739: 6732: 6717: 6712: 6707:Dietz, p.38. 6703: 6679: 6672: 6660: 6646: 6639: 6621: 6616: 6598: 6587: 6570: 6566: 6502: 6495: 6486: 6478: 6473: 6465: 6460: 6435: 6424: 6403: 6395: 6384: 6379: 6368: 6363: 6352: 6347: 6336: 6331: 6322: 6316: 6308: 6303: 6291: 6278: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6236: 6228: 6220: 6215: 6206: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6168: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6125: 6007: 6003: 5991: 5984: 5960: 5940: 5919:Philadelphia 5916: 5898: 5877:Philadelphia 5844: 5835: 5827:Philadelphia 5823: 5804: 5799:Philadelphia 5782:Ways of life 5764: 5748:Scotch Irish 5740:William Penn 5736:Mid-Atlantic 5728:Pennsylvania 5721: 5689: 5653: 5646: 5626:established 5622:in 1764 and 5600:Yale College 5589: 5585: 5570: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5533: 5525: 5522:William Byrd 5517: 5509: 5507: 5469: 5465: 5417: 5405: 5374: 5338:wheelwrights 5331: 5327: 5310: 5306: 5259: 5255: 5246: 5238: 5202: 5190: 5179: 5143: 5139: 5131:Philadelphia 5112: 5098: 5083: 5078: 5052: 5033: 5002: 4997: 4983: 4975:Pennsylvania 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565:2008–present 563: 541: 519: 486: 453: 444:World War II 398: 354: 332: 299: 266: 233: 223:Colonial Era 222: 221: 209: 203: 163: 119: 72:meeting the 65: 42: 26: 17970:Witherspoon 17854:von Steuben 17809:Charles Lee 17526:Nova Scotia 17445:Connecticut 17316:The Saintes 17271:Springfield 17236:Stony Point 17166:Long Island 17151:Bunker Hill 17072:Nova Scotia 16663:Prohibitory 16653:Restraining 16643:Intolerable 16623:Declaratory 16261:Immigration 16192:LGBT rights 16094:Food safety 15929:Video games 15522:Wall Street 15502:Public debt 15405:Agriculture 15341:nationalism 15053:Uniform act 14975:Legislative 14882:Territorial 14840:Coast Guard 14835:Space Force 14585:Legislative 14380:Red (South) 14370:Mississippi 14292:New England 14228:Appalachian 14198:Earthquakes 14095:Discoveries 14090:Demographic 14032:Vietnam War 13975:World War I 13970:Imperialism 13920:Indian Wars 13895:War of 1812 13568:Wake Island 13334:Mississippi 13249:Connecticut 13193:New England 12860:Agriculture 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10943:(1674–1702) 10941:West Jersey 10937:(1674–1702) 10935:East Jersey 10931:(1670–1870) 10925:(1670–1811) 10919:(1663–1712) 10911: 1680 10900:(1638–1664) 10894:(1635–1644) 10882:(1629–1663) 10876:(1625–1650) 10874:Saint Croix 10870:(1622–1658) 10852:(1607–1699) 10846:(1607–1608) 10840:(1585–1590) 10812:(1732–1776) 10806:(1712–1776) 10800:(1712–1776) 10794:(1691–1776) 10788:(1681–1776) 10782:(1664–1776) 10770:(1664–1776) 10764:(1636–1776) 10758:(1636–1776) 10756:Connecticut 10752:(1632–1776) 10740:(1607–1776) 9845:(online at 9636:Ben Marsh, 9080:(1938) and 8714:. pp. 7553:October 24, 6844:HMdb.org, " 6827:December 6, 6801:(2001), p69 6490:Weber, ch 5 6124:Cooke, ed. 5851:Scots-Irish 5797:section of 5773:, attended 5760:Switzerland 5577:John Copley 5480:planetarium 5397:West Indies 5346:West Indian 5334:Blacksmiths 5301:New England 5266:Connecticut 5241:New England 5211:to produce 5197:New England 5176:New England 5150:New Orleans 5017:harpsichord 4959:New England 4909:New England 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Butler 9404:Historian 9269:Barth 2014 9257:Barth 2014 9245:Barth 2014 9198:Barth 2014 7752:pp 212–16. 7658:August 22, 6774:August 20, 6103:References 5994:Chesapeake 5819:log cabins 5815:Germantown 5795:Germantown 5724:New Jersey 5542:published 5512:(1705) by 5393:Providence 5303:after 1650 5278:red clover 5113:Historian 5109:Urban life 5021:clavichord 4947:See also: 4842:) and the 4832:New Jersey 4797:Methodists 4733:a few Jews 4714:California 4656:diphtheria 4611:Protestant 4514:Parliament 4434:Quebec Act 4294:common law 4280:, and the 4189:Hudson Bay 3830:Charleston 3776:Historian 3718:Washington 3656:Appalachia 3535:New Jersey 3140:See also: 3122:sea otters 3037:New Jersey 3010:New Sweden 2996:New Sweden 2990:New Sweden 2961:New Jersey 2717:The first 2696:Île-Royale 2634:New France 2628:New France 2576:San Germán 2471:Franciscan 2428:California 2421:California 2391:California 2321:New Smyrna 2227:after the 2028:Portuguese 1973:First wave 1756:New France 1704:New Sweden 1675:, and 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13948:1865–1896 13910:Civil War 13751:1991–2008 13746:1980–1991 13741:1964–1980 13736:1945–1964 13731:1917–1945 13726:1865–1917 13721:1849–1865 13716:1815–1849 13711:1789–1815 13706:1776–1789 13699:By period 13459:Wisconsin 13424:Tennessee 13329:Minnesota 13304:Louisiana 13198:The South 12769:Air Force 12644:Education 12506:recession 12462:Las Vegas 12370:Columbine 12327:1991–2008 12255:1980–1991 12156:1964–1980 12067:1945–1964 12021:Dust Bowl 11949:1917–1945 11830:1865–1917 11808:Civil War 11801:Secession 11746:1849–1865 11669:1815–1849 11640:Quasi-War 11617:1789–1815 11537:1776–1789 11490:Sugar Act 11044:New Spain 10898:New Haven 10850:Jamestown 9432:0048-7511 8286:157705999 8278:0897-6546 8157:157705999 8149:0897-6546 8101:cite book 8093:300937809 7951:April 20, 7179:145691938 6530:cite book 6203:0008-4107 5927:Baltimore 5902:flax seed 5664:Calvinist 5538:minister 5385:New Haven 5324:Town life 5317:Bedsteads 5209:John Hull 5090:Caribbean 4905:Methodist 4701:Mayflower 4428:: Second 4379:in 1775. 4181:Louisiana 4158:world war 4070:George II 4064:of 1754, 3850:Huguenots 3842:sugarcane 3793:Carolinas 3722:Jefferson 3702:Jefferson 3628:Louisiana 3442:Canonicus 3392:New Haven 3360:Mayflower 3334:Mayflower 3254:cash crop 3242:Jamestown 3200:Leo Lemay 3178:Elizabeth 3076:log cabin 3059:) and on 2977:Manhattan 2867:Louisiana 2837:Kaskaskia 2759:Vincennes 2749:(both at 2739:Green Bay 2692:Louisiana 2571:Agüeybaná 2477:(forts), 2475:presidios 2452:Soromenho 2298:Fort Mose 2205:New Spain 2166:New Spain 2160:New Spain 1870:in 1768. 1760:New Spain 1734:" of the 1655:into the 1223:The South 807:Air Force 682:Education 558:1991–2008 543:1991–2008 536:1981–1991 521:1980–1991 514:1964–1975 503:1954–1968 488:1964–1980 481:1954–1968 470:1945–1964 455:1945–1964 448:1941–1945 437:1929–1941 426:1918–1929 415:1917–1918 400:1917–1945 393:1896–1917 382:1877–1896 371:1865–1877 356:1865–1917 349:1849–1865 334:1849–1865 327:1825–1849 316:1817–1825 301:1815–1849 294:1801–1817 283:1788–1801 268:1789–1815 261:1783–1788 250:1765–1783 235:1776–1789 228:1607–1765 108:epidemics 53:1492–1783 18152:Military 17905:Franklin 17878:Civilian 17859:Sullivan 17849:Schuyler 17779:Hamilton 17754:Claghorn 17722:Military 17715:Colonial 17697:Sandwich 17660:Civilian 17606:Carleton 17601:Campbell 17596:Burgoyne 17579:Military 17505:Virginia 17480:New York 17460:Maryland 17450:Delaware 17311:Yorktown 17246:Savannah 17221:Monmouth 17206:Saratoga 17112:Yorktown 17102:Southern 17092:Northern 17082:Saratoga 17054:theaters 16915:Colonies 16906:Theaters 16709:Patriots 16619:up i.p.o 16607:Currency 16592:Molasses 16334:Category 16030:Abortion 15894:Religion 15852:Columbia 15810:internet 15746:Holidays 15741:Folklore 15712:literacy 15650:eviction 15540:Aviation 15512:Taxation 15467:Currency 15460:by state 15370:Scandals 15240:Township 14998:Judicial 14899:Governor 14662:Judicial 14548:Marshals 14421:Politics 14375:Missouri 14365:Columbia 14360:Colorado 14355:Arkansas 14348:Longest 14327:Southern 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7071:March 9, 6866:Archived 6629:Archived 6606:Archived 6579:30234744 6522:46623718 6432:(1971). 6286:, (1908) 6273:, (1904) 6013:See also 5967:Virginia 5963:Maryland 5947:cobblers 5913:Seaports 5893:Maryland 5889:Virginia 5831:highboys 5775:Lutheran 5767:Palatine 5738:region. 5712:Anglican 5692:Baptists 5643:Religion 5610:founded 5608:Baptists 5408:mackerel 5350:molasses 5182:Puritans 5170:Barbados 5162:planters 5023:and the 4840:Delaware 4828:New York 4801:Catholic 4757:Virginia 4753:Maryland 4729:Maryland 4710:Catholic 4670:Religion 4533:prorogue 4448:(1774); 4440:(1774); 4436:(1774); 4432:(1774); 4416:(1766); 4412:(1765); 4264:and the 3901:British 3891:Savannah 3838:Barbados 3740:(1785). 3687:Choctaws 3683:Cherokee 3668:American 3660:Piedmont 3658:and the 3543:Delaware 3531:New York 3396:Saybrook 3343:Pilgrims 3316:Puritans 3310:Puritans 3236:Virginia 3033:Delaware 2984:New York 2913:Napoleon 2903:founded 2851:and the 2849:Illinois 2817:Arkansas 2813:Illinois 2783:Arkansas 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14471:Cabinet 14434:Federal 14342:Western 14307:Eastern 14302:Central 14297:Pacific 14257:Regions 14208:Islands 13691:History 13464:Wyoming 13439:Vermont 13344:Montana 13284:Indiana 13264:Georgia 13259:Florida 13229:Arizona 13219:Alabama 13186:Regions 13108:Gay men 12880:Railway 12840:Slavery 12636:Banking 12630:Economy 12472:El Paso 12457:Orlando 12191:Détente 11352:Outline 10838:Roanoke 10810:Georgia 10581:at the 10513:(1964) 10436:(2006) 10405:(1980) 10397:excerpt 10395:(1996) 10385:(1968) 10375:(1974) 10351:(2013). 10294:(1975) 10284:(1976) 10274:(2007) 10237:excerpt 10235:(1996) 10208:1835775 10137:(1995). 10081:(2006) 10006:1836116 9944:(1929) 9803:Surveys 9788:(2002) 9764:(1996) 9754:(1996) 9704:. 2000. 9679:2936182 9564:(2009). 9551:(1971). 9511:(1893). 9498:(1989). 9440:2702135 9313:(1916) 9284:(1966) 9097:(1938) 8885:2078652 8797:(1967). 8716:358–359 8643:(2003) 8528:(1996). 8430:Cooke, 8392:1844105 8318:(1904) 8302:(1907) 8040:1919154 7969:(2002); 7847:(1973). 7807:(1983). 7518:excerpt 7503:(1976). 7490:(1973). 7477:(1974). 7461:2947435 7400:, 2005. 7354:(1995). 7341:(2007). 7274:, 2008. 7258:, 2001. 7171:2123771 7124:1923515 7089:(1886) 7031:May 24, 6988:(1907) 6726:1445643 6442:114–118 6339:(1986) 6160:1925316 5943:coopers 5864:scythes 5855:Ireland 5841:Farming 5793:in the 5756:Germany 5752:Germans 5744:Quakers 5732:Germans 5710:of the 5428:⁄ 5389:Newport 5370:taverns 5366:stables 5297:Saltbox 5274:Vermont 5043:Slavery 5013:clavier 4963:Puritan 4914:Quakers 4901:Baptist 4785:Baptist 4769:Georgia 4738:Quakers 4706:Spanish 4696:Pilgrim 4664:malaria 4648:Malaria 4622:Quakers 4422:Tea Act 4318:Georgia 4284:to the 4276:to the 4247:seaport 4175:In the 4135:Britain 4131:Britain 4060:At the 3953:Bahamas 3893:in the 3876:Georgia 3726:Madison 3675:warfare 3624:Florida 3558:Germany 3440:sachem 3347:Puritan 3337:in 1620 3164:James I 3021:Swedish 3008:Map of 2965:patroon 2877:Midwest 2841:Cahokia 2676:claimed 2563:Caparra 2483:ranchos 2479:pueblos 2448:Unamuno 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