2711:
555:. Her father worked for the railroad's bookkeeping department. Cook spent her early childhood at the house. In c. 1913, when Cook was about ten, her mother took her to Colross for a visit. She remarked that Colross "had no gaslights, and running water only in the kitchen", and that the house "stood in the midst of railroad tracks". Cook also said the house's adjacent stables still had horses, the "elegant plaster ceilings" remained intact, and "great oak doors" still stood within the house's main doorway behind the white columns of the front portico.
334:. Mason served as a judge of the Criminal Court of the District of Columbia and as mayor of Alexandria. Mason, who made Colross his chief homestead, modified and enlarged the mansion. After successive ownerships, the area around Colross became heavily industrialized. The mansion was bought by John Munn in 1929; between that year and 1932, it was transported brick-by-brick to Princeton, where in 1958 it was sold to Princeton Day School, which uses it as a school administration building housing its admission and advancement offices.
688:
679:
602:
396:
388:
746:
Monarch
Condominium. In 2005, Alexandria's Archaeological Protection Code requirement forced Diamond Properties to halt its construction to allow for an archaeological excavation of the Colross site. The excavation occurred between March and June 2005, as mandated by the city of Alexandria. Diamond Properties paid R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates Inc., a cultural resource management firm, about $ 100,000 to explore the site for historical artifacts and to ensure all burial plots had been removed.
460:(1727–1795). Some sources say Swift's wife reportedly named the estate Belle Air; according to other sources, Swift referred to his estate as both "Belle Air" and "Grasshopper Hall". Swift presided over Alexandria City Council from 1822 through 1823. His wife, two daughters, and three sons lived with him at the mansion. As Alexandria expanded, Colross evolved from a rural plantation into an urban estate. Between 1791 and 1847, the city of Alexandria was a part of
2747:
2759:
762:, stables, and a burial vault were also unearthed. In the northwestern portion of the property, what is thought to have been the foundation of a rectangular burial vault was found. No burial remains were discovered. All interments were presumably removed in the early 20th century. Thomson Francis Mason was originally interred at the Colross graveyard in 1838, as were two of his daughters. Subsequent residents had their remains reinterred at
2723:
2308:
729:. The garden remained through the ownership of the Smoot family. A winding path led from the mansion to a large burial vault, which was closed by a great iron lock. According to members of the Smoot family, the lock to the burial vault would "never stay locked more than three days" at a time. A vase of urn stood in the front lawn of the mansion; according to tradition this marked the location where
31:
491:. According to Mason's daughter Virginia Mason Davidge, her father won Colross "at a game of cards" from Lee Massey Alexander. Mason used Colross as his chief homestead and made substantial modifications and additions to it. Mason built a 10 ft (3.0 m) high brick wall around the exterior of the Colross property. Around the same time Mason acquired Colross, he built
2735:
779:
Colross. Both children were interred in the estate's burial vault in the garden. Successive residents at
Colross, including members of the Smoot family, claimed the estate was haunted by the deceased Mason children; they reported hearing children "giggling, singing, and talking", and witnessed apparitions of children in pre-Civil War attire.
641:
between the bricks. Two sets of double inside chimneys extend above the roofline on each side of the mansion's main structure. The front façade of the mansion's main structure, which originally faced
Oronoco Street in Alexandria, is five bays wide and contains the house's front entrance at the first
378:
events, including the wedding ceremonies of
Thomson Francis Mason's daughters Sarah Elizabeth Mason (1819–1907) and Virginia Mason (1830–1919). According to local tradition, two children in the Mason family died on the property and were interred in the estate's burial vault. Successive owners of the
774:
The
Colross estate was the location for several significant events involving the Mason family. Sarah Elizabeth Mason (1819–1907), a daughter of Thomson Francis Mason and his wife Elizabeth Clapham Price, married St. George Tucker Campbell at Colross on November 17, 1841. Virginia Mason (1830–1919),
519:
general, visited
Colross on several occasions around 1851; he described it as a "fine house and ground and the chief residence of the Masons of Alexandria, much frequented by officers of the army". Willcox also remarked on the "hospitality and civility of the head of the house", Pen Mason's mother,
448:
John Potts, a prominent
Alexandria merchant, developed the Colross property as a forced-labor cash-crop farm. He began building a brick mansion on the property between 1799 and 1800. Potts encountered financial difficulties and placed the unfinished mansion on the market in 1801. In December 1803,
317:
The
Colross property originally occupied the entire 1100 block of Oronoco Street; Alexandria merchant John Potts developed it as a plantation and began building the mansion in 1799–1800. In 1803, Jonathan Swift—also an Alexandria merchant and a city councilman—purchased the property and during his
778:
According to local tradition, two small Mason children, William and Ann, were playing in the estate's yard when a storm arrived. William took shelter in the estate's chicken coop but the wind toppled the structure, killing him. Soon after
William's death, his sister Ann drowned in a bathtub at
745:
The former
Colross land tract on the 1100 block of Oronoco Street, which is bounded by North Fayette, Oronoco, Henry, and Pendleton streets, was purchased in 2003 by Diamond Properties, a real estate development company with plans to build a mixed-use mid-rise luxury condominium project called
539:
William Albert Smoot, a lumber merchant and coal businessman, purchased Colross from the Mason family and lived there with his family between 1885 and 1917. Smoot's wife was a member of the Alexander family, and was therefore a descendant of the estate's former owners. While there, the Smoots'
616:
architectural style between 1799 and 1800. It is a two-story brick house featuring a rectangular architectural plan, which was originally flanked by two wings. Colross features wide halls and spacious rooms. One wing housed facilities for the estate's service staff; the other wing served as a
562:, properties surrounding Colross underwent industrialization with the construction of a warehouse complex and ancillary industrial buildings associated with Alexandria Hay & Grain. The mansion at Colross became a storage facility within a lumber yard operated by another
629:
common in Maryland and Virginia. It has been described as the "largest and most beautiful mansion ever erected in Alexandria". The Colross property originally occupied the entire 1100 block of Oronoco Street. The grounds of the estate also contained ancillary outbuildings.
775:
another daughter of Thomson and Elizabeth married William Hathorn Stewart Davidge at Colross on February 1, 1853. Colross was also the venue for the funeral of Mrs. Virginia King, wife of Dr. Benjamin King, on December 31, 1850. Mrs. King was a sister of Mrs. Judge Mason.
468:. Swift continued to construct the mansion. After his death in 1824, the estate transferred to the ownership of Lee Massey Alexander and his sister, Mrs. Chapman. The Alexander family owned the estate for a brief period; they renamed it "Colross".
582:. The mansion became the school's administrative building, which it remains to this day. As of 2015, Colross houses the admission and advancement offices of Princeton Day School, and serves as a venue for the institution's events.
536:'" by the name of Downey was also shot and killed against the wall after being captured by his own soldiers. Local traditions also tell of the ghost of a soldier who haunts the former location of the estate's brick perimeter wall.
540:
daughter Betty wrote, "the grounds included a whole square block and were enclosed with an ancient brick wall ten feet in height". The Smoots' son William Albert later served as mayor of Alexandria from 1922 to 1930.
531:
authorities. According to local tradition and to Alexandria resident Julian Taylor, at least two Union deserters were executed with their backs against the estate's high brick exterior wall. In addition, a "famous
753:
that served as a water purification system and evidence that enslaved people lived in outbuildings on the Colross estate. Archaeologists also discovered the mansion's original basement floor, which was laid in a
585:
In Alexandria, the mansion's remaining brick foundation was buried beneath a slab of reinforced concrete for over 50 years. Structures on the site have since included a large 50-truck garage, Andy's Car Wash, a
428:
in 1660, Charles II finally ascended to the English throne. Charles II renewed the Northern Neck Proprietary grant in 1662, revised it in 1669, and again renewed the original grant favoring original grantee
367:
In 2005, after the original Colross site was purchased by a real estate development company, the city of Alexandria requested an excavation by archaeologists, who uncovered an underground domed brick
1917:
Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C.: With Full Outline of the Natural Advantages, Accounts of the Indian Tribes, Selection of the Site, Founding of the City ... to the Present Time
173:
766:
Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria. According to the Alexandria Economic Development Partnership, the delay in construction caused 79 condominium buyers to abandon their purchases.
125:
749:
While only a few artifacts were recovered, historians said the dig offered a clearer view of early 19th-century life at Colross. Discoveries included an underground domed brick
1358:
1250:
1047:
508:
2844:
968:
1101:
1324:
479:, lawyer, councilman, judge of the Criminal Court of the District of Columbia, and mayor of Alexandria between 1827 and 1830. Mason was the eldest son of
2864:
441:
in 1688. Following the deaths of Lord Colepeper, his wife Margaret, and his daughter Katherine, the Northern Neck Proprietary passed to Katherine's son
295:
2854:
578:, where it was restored. Following Munn's death in 1956, Colross was purchased by Dr. Geoffrey W. Rake. After Rake died in 1958, Colross was sold to
2824:
1588:
2839:
2829:
291:
2794:
2859:
2789:
442:
2799:
2784:
2340:
1365:
437:
in 1672. In 1681, Bennet sold his share to Lord Colepeper, and Lord Colepeper received a new charter for the entire land grant from
2814:
566:
owner. In 1927, the mansion and the adjacent warehouses were substantially damaged by a tornado, making the mansion uninhabitable.
2809:
2834:
1684:
1238:
1062:
2215:
2167:
2072:
2032:
1993:
1888:
1840:
1733:
1654:
1624:
430:
2136:
2086:
1933:
1809:
2598:
2229:
2181:
2105:
2007:
1970:
1902:
1854:
1778:
1747:
763:
337:
The Colross mansion is a two-story, brick, Georgian-style structure that features an architectural plan similar to that of
710:
deck. Similar moulding contours were used at varying scales throughout the mansion's exterior construction. The mansion's
2658:
434:
958:
2603:
2488:
371:, evidence of slave outbuildings, the foundations of the estate's peripheral walls, and several ancillary structures.
2804:
2779:
1956:
558:
In 1917, another lumber merchant, William Hoge, acquired the mansion. Under similar circumstances to those of nearby
454:
2819:
2648:
574:
Between 1929 and 1932, John Munn purchased the mansion, dismantled it, and shipped the structure brick-by-brick to
2618:
2447:
1593:
1108:
622:
342:
2613:
1828:
1721:
1598:
1332:
733:
was baptized. The urn remained in its location throughout the American Civil War and was later acquired by the
626:
2442:
2437:
2333:
1328:
1320:
503:(1835–1893), later inherited the Colross estate. Pen Mason was married to Mary Ellen Campbell, a daughter of
480:
323:
2467:
2462:
2259:
2064:
113:
2207:
2155:
1876:
2701:
2673:
2246:
2241:
2124:
1797:
528:
453:, bought the property for $ 9,000. Swift purchased Colross for his bride, Anne Roberdeau, daughter of
2849:
2715:
2593:
1500:
643:
413:
346:
2608:
2498:
2326:
2312:
496:
2688:
2653:
2534:
2493:
587:
552:
504:
318:
ownership continued constructing the mansion. After Swift died in 1824, Colross was purchased by
1759:
Chapman, Sigismunda Mary Frances; Calvert, Helen Chapman; Conlyn, Helen Pearson Chapman (1946).
2643:
2633:
2544:
2539:
2513:
2255:
1866:
548:
500:
256:
646:
style portico, which is supported by two sets of double wooden doric columns at the front and
2588:
2483:
2024:
734:
667:
613:
605:
590:
575:
559:
472:
425:
421:
417:
319:
307:
287:
250:
233:
96:
63:
1243:
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875
2638:
2565:
2503:
2457:
1504:
1496:
1058:
579:
492:
465:
311:
303:
267:
92:
80:
666:
flank both sides of the main doorway. All of the mansion's windows feature colonial-style
345:, and it was originally flanked by two wings. The front entrance is covered by a spacious
8:
2727:
2570:
2060:
1246:
963:
438:
299:
2560:
2452:
2279:
2193:
1880:
1832:
1766:
1725:
1107:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Alexandria City Government. Archived from
544:
524:
512:
755:
551:(1903–1998) lived at the then-dilapidated Colross with her father's superior from the
2751:
2287:
2271:
2221:
2211:
2199:
Forgotten Valor: The Memoirs, Journals, & Civil War Letters of Orlando B. Willcox
2173:
2163:
2128:
2078:
2068:
2038:
2028:
1999:
1989:
1962:
1952:
1925:
1894:
1884:
1846:
1836:
1801:
1770:
1739:
1729:
461:
2739:
2529:
2395:
2263:
1688:
722:
717:
To the north of the mansion was a garden, which was purportedly well known for its
457:
1658:
1628:
702:
The mansion's roof is covered by gray slate and is further embellished with three
2763:
2668:
2379:
2197:
2159:
2149:
2118:
2099:
2054:
1983:
1946:
1915:
1870:
1822:
1791:
1760:
1715:
687:
678:
617:
carriage shed. Colross' architectural plan is similar to that of nearby estates
601:
395:
387:
2508:
2432:
2363:
1102:"Preliminary Information Form: Uptown/Parker-Gray Alexandria Historic District"
647:
2773:
2678:
2416:
2275:
2177:
2082:
1898:
1850:
1743:
533:
189:
175:
141:
127:
2225:
2042:
2003:
1356:
2663:
2628:
2411:
2349:
2291:
2233:
2185:
2140:
2132:
2109:
2090:
2050:
2011:
1974:
1966:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1906:
1858:
1813:
1805:
1782:
1774:
1751:
1650:
1620:
1359:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Huntley"
638:
634:
618:
563:
488:
484:
375:
353:
338:
331:
327:
2683:
2283:
2203:
759:
730:
655:
516:
412:
The land on which Colross was first located was originally part of the
379:
Colross estate claimed it was haunted by the deceased Mason children.
706:
windows facing from the home's front façade. The roof is topped by a
663:
450:
2267:
1924:: Published for H. W. Crew by the United Brethren Publishing House.
2318:
1508:
707:
659:
357:
758:. Evidence of the estate's exterior walls, the foundations of the
1914:
Crew, Harvey W.; Webb, William Bensing; Wooldridge, John (1892).
750:
711:
400:
368:
349:
53:
642:
floor's center bay. The front entrance is covered by a spacious
2307:
703:
651:
476:
361:
2722:
1821:
Combs, George K.; Anderson, Leslie; Downie, Julia M. (2012).
718:
499:, Virginia as a rural retreat and summer villa. Mason's son,
2056:
The Allegheny Frontier: West Virginia Beginnings, 1730-1830
1364:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from
1357:
Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff (March 1972).
1048:"Archaeologists at Colross Site Unearth Alexandria History"
726:
509:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
2240:
880:
865:
850:
835:
483:(1759–1820), and was the grandson of U.S. Founding Father
30:
2097:
1319:
1165:
735:
Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities
1872:
A Lifetime of Labor: The Autobiography of Alice H. Cook
310:, where it is currently the administration building of
1099:
633:
The exterior brick walls of the mansion are laid in a
420:
awarded to seven of his supporters in 1649 during the
2699:
2027:: The Hampshire County 250th Anniversary Committee.
1758:
1495:
1468:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
374:
Colross served as the venue for several significant
2019:Munske, Roberta R.; Kerns, Wilmer L., eds. (2004).
1936:from the original on November 18, 2016 – via
1820:
1545:, p. 3 (following page with image of Colross).
1186:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
637:pattern, exhibiting a "well proportioned width" of
1913:
1812:from the original on October 22, 2020 – via
1225:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
769:
625:, and is an example of the country house style of
1682:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
658:. The mansion's front door is topped by a leaded
2845:Relocated buildings and structures in New Jersey
2771:
901:
2244:(April 1898). "The Northern Neck of Virginia".
2232:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
2184:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
2139:from the original on April 2, 2016 – via
2108:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
2010:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
1973:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
1905:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
1857:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
1781:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
1750:from the original on June 27, 2014 – via
2089:from the original on May 27, 2016 – via
1988:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company.
1586:
1239:"Statutes at Large, 6th Congress, 2nd Session"
983:
593:, and the Hennage Creative Printers facility.
520:Elizabeth "Betsey" Clapham Price (1802–1873).
2334:
1649:
1619:
1589:"Diamond Properties hit with multiple liens"
326:(1759–1820) and grandson of Founding Father
2018:
1762:A History of Chapman and Alexander Families
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1100:Terry A. Necciai, R.A. (February 4, 2008).
799:
740:
443:Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron
2865:Brick buildings and structures in Virginia
2341:
2327:
2021:Hampshire County, West Virginia, 1754–2004
1565:
1563:
1501:"Only at Princeton Day School: PDS A to Z"
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
959:"Search for History Clears Way for Future"
1398:
1388:
1386:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
795:
793:
791:
662:in the shape of a segmented arch. Leaded
360:deck and is further embellished by three
16:Georgian mansion in Princeton, New Jersey
2855:Reportedly haunted locations in Virginia
1944:
1455:
1445:
1410:
1404:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
874:
859:
844:
829:
612:The mansion at Colross was built in the
600:
394:
386:
2825:Neoclassical architecture in New Jersey
2192:
1789:
1560:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1491:
1489:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1352:
1350:
1265:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
811:
805:
2772:
2151:The Big Book of Virginia Ghost Stories
2147:
1657:. Gunston Hall website. Archived from
1627:. Gunston Hall website. Archived from
1582:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1554:
1383:
1304:
1171:
788:
2840:Plantation houses in Washington, D.C.
2830:Neoclassical architecture in Virginia
2322:
2120:Arlington County, Virginia: A History
2104:. Boston: Rogers and Manson Company.
1951:. New York City: C. Scribner's Sons.
1713:
1678:
1676:
1474:
1392:
1315:
1313:
1219:
971:from the original on November 7, 2012
956:
817:
431:Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper
294:built around 1800 as the center of a
2348:
2116:
2049:
1865:
1587:Melissa Castro (December 16, 2008).
1523:
1486:
1480:
1422:
1347:
1253:from the original on October 6, 2015
1231:
1192:
1126:
1080:
895:
889:
823:
714:is composed of ornamented moldings.
2795:Georgian architecture in New Jersey
1981:
1687:. TheOldenTimes.com. Archived from
1613:
1575:
1542:
1449:
1213:
650:on the brick façade. The portico's
435:Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington
13:
2860:Virginia in the American Civil War
2790:Former houses in the United States
2196:(1999). Robert Garth Scott (ed.).
2098:Rogers and Manson Company (1916).
1673:
1643:
1469:Chapman, Calvert & Conlyn 1946
1310:
14:
2876:
2800:Georgian architecture in Virginia
2530:Stevens Thomson Mason (1811–1843)
2448:Stevens Thomson Mason (1760–1803)
2300:
1187:Combs, Anderson & Downie 2012
1061:. August 19, 2005. Archived from
957:Smith, Leef (September 8, 2005).
608:of the front elevation of Colross
2785:Archaeological sites in Virginia
2757:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2306:
2127:: Arlington Historical Society.
1982:Lee, Marguerite du Pont (2009).
1226:Crew, Webb & Wooldridge 1892
696:Architectural details of Colross
686:
677:
29:
2815:Houses in Princeton, New Jersey
1706:
770:Significant Mason family events
596:
449:Jonathan Swift, a merchant and
416:, a land grant that the exiled
2810:Houses in Alexandria, Virginia
2514:John Thomson Mason (1815–1873)
2489:John Thomson Mason (1787–1850)
2453:John Thomson Mason (1765–1824)
2117:Rose, Cornelia Bruère (1976).
1945:Harrison, Mrs. Burton (1912).
1829:Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
1769:: The Dietz Printing Company.
1722:Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
1166:Rogers and Manson Company 1916
627:American colonial architecture
471:Colross was then purchased by
1:
2835:Plantation houses in Virginia
2260:College of William & Mary
1329:Fairfax County Park Authority
1321:Fairfax County Park Authority
782:
569:
2468:William Temple Thomson Mason
2065:University Press of Kentucky
501:Arthur "Pen" Pendleton Mason
352:that is supported by wooden
278:(also historically known as
257:Arthur "Pen" Pendleton Mason
153:Original location of Colross
7:
2208:Kent State University Press
2156:Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania
2101:The Brickbuilder, Volume 25
1948:Recollections Grave and Gay
1877:City University of New York
1594:Washington Business Journal
407:
201:Present location of Colross
10:
2881:
2247:William and Mary Quarterly
2242:William and Mary Quarterly
2125:Arlington County, Virginia
1683:TheOldenTimes.com (2004).
882:William and Mary Quarterly
867:William and Mary Quarterly
852:William and Mary Quarterly
837:William and Mary Quarterly
382:
356:. The roof is topped by a
306:, and moved circa 1930 to
2579:
2553:
2522:
2476:
2443:Thomson Mason (1759–1820)
2425:
2417:Thomson Mason (1733–1785)
2404:
2388:
2372:
2356:
1714:Brown, Charlotte (2013).
644:Neoclassical architecture
475:(1785–1838), a prominent
414:Northern Neck Proprietary
239:
223:
215:
190:40.3622000°N 74.6883000°W
142:38.8104778°N 77.0508694°W
112:
104:
69:
59:
49:
44:
40:
28:
23:
2805:Houses completed in 1800
2780:American Civil War sites
2499:Richard Chichester Mason
1790:Coleman, Roy V. (1951).
741:Archeological excavation
527:, Colross was seized by
515:, who later served as a
2820:Mason family residences
2584:Mason family residences
2535:Beverley Randolph Mason
2494:Armistead Thomson Mason
1625:"Sarah Elizabeth Mason"
800:Munske & Kerns 2004
654:is subordinated to the
588:Dominion Virginia Power
547:professor and activist
505:John Archibald Campbell
195:40.3622000; -74.6883000
147:38.8104778; -77.0508694
2545:William Pinckney Mason
2540:Arthur Pendleton Mason
2256:Williamsburg, Virginia
2148:Taylor, L. B. (2010).
609:
404:
392:
2484:Thomson Francis Mason
2025:Romney, West Virginia
1685:"Virginia KING Death"
606:Architectural drawing
604:
576:Princeton, New Jersey
473:Thomson Francis Mason
398:
390:
320:Thomson Francis Mason
308:Princeton, New Jersey
251:Thomson Francis Mason
234:Thomson Francis Mason
97:Princeton, New Jersey
2566:Richard Nelson Mason
2504:Richard Barnes Mason
2315:at Wikimedia Commons
1793:Liberty and Property
1511:on September 7, 2015
1505:Princeton Day School
1497:Princeton Day School
1059:Alexandria, Virginia
580:Princeton Day School
466:District of Columbia
322:(1785–1838), son of
312:Princeton Day School
304:Alexandria, Virginia
268:Princeton Day School
265:Dr. Geoffrey W. Rake
261:William Albert Smoot
247:Lee Massey Alexander
231:Lee Massey Alexander
216:Construction started
93:Princeton Day School
81:Alexandria, Virginia
2571:Lucy Randolph Mason
2194:Willcox, Orlando B.
2061:Lexington, Kentucky
1371:on October 22, 2013
1247:Library of Congress
967:. Washington, D.C.
964:The Washington Post
422:English Interregnum
391:The mansion in 1916
298:in what is now the
185: /
137: /
60:Architectural style
45:General information
2716:American Civil War
2561:Kate Mason Rowland
2523:Seventh generation
1881:The Feminist Press
1833:Arcadia Publishing
1767:Richmond, Virginia
1726:Arcadia Publishing
1691:on October 6, 2015
1601:on October 6, 2015
1335:on October 6, 2015
1325:"Historic Huntley"
1114:on October 6, 2015
610:
545:Cornell University
525:American Civil War
513:Orlando B. Willcox
405:
393:
119:Original location:
74:Original location:
2697:
2696:
2554:Eighth generation
2405:Fourth generation
2373:Second generation
2311:Media related to
2217:978-0-87338-628-9
2169:978-0-8117-0583-7
2074:978-0-8131-6438-0
2034:978-0-9715738-2-6
1995:978-0-8063-5095-0
1890:978-1-55861-257-0
1879:, New York City:
1842:978-0-7385-9238-1
1796:. New York City:
1735:978-1-4671-2009-8
1572:, pp. 28–29.
886:, pp. 224–6.
856:, pp. 222–3.
462:Alexandria County
455:Brigadier General
403:and main entryway
273:
272:
166:Current location:
87:Current location:
2872:
2850:Relocated houses
2762:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2594:Analostan Island
2585:
2477:Sixth generation
2426:Fifth generation
2396:George Mason III
2389:Third generation
2357:First generation
2350:The Mason family
2343:
2336:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2310:
2295:
2237:
2189:
2144:
2113:
2094:
2046:
2015:
1978:
1941:
1910:
1862:
1817:
1786:
1755:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:on June 11, 2008
1655:"Virginia Mason"
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1631:on June 11, 2008
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1597:. Archived from
1584:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1507:. Archived from
1493:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1317:
1308:
1302:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1190:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:on March 3, 2016
1067:
1055:The Metro Herald
1052:
1044:
981:
980:
978:
976:
954:
899:
893:
887:
878:
872:
863:
857:
848:
842:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
756:herringbone bond
690:
681:
553:Southern Railway
507:(1811–1889), an
458:Daniel Roberdeau
424:. Following the
302:neighborhood of
296:large plantation
284:Grasshopper Hall
259:
253:
209:
208:
206:
205:
204:
202:
197:
196:
191:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
154:
149:
148:
143:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
33:
21:
20:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2669:Raspberry Plain
2583:
2575:
2549:
2518:
2472:
2421:
2412:George Mason IV
2400:
2384:
2380:George Mason II
2368:
2352:
2347:
2303:
2298:
2268:10.2307/1915885
2218:
2170:
2160:Stackpole Books
2075:
2035:
1996:
1985:Virginia Ghosts
1959:
1891:
1843:
1736:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1585:
1576:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1456:
1448:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1318:
1311:
1303:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1193:
1185:
1172:
1164:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1050:
1046:
1045:
984:
974:
972:
955:
902:
894:
890:
879:
875:
864:
860:
849:
845:
834:
830:
822:
818:
810:
806:
798:
789:
785:
772:
743:
700:
699:
698:
697:
693:
692:
691:
683:
682:
648:engaged columns
599:
572:
543:The parents of
487:(1725–1792) of
410:
385:
330:(1725–1792) of
266:
264:
262:
260:
255:
254:
249:
248:
246:
244:
232:
230:
228:
200:
198:
194:
192:
188:
187:
184:
179:
176:
174:
172:
171:
152:
150:
146:
144:
140:
139:
136:
131:
128:
126:
124:
123:
95:
79:
36:
35:Colross in 2015
17:
12:
11:
5:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2718:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2509:James M. Mason
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:George Mason V
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2364:George Mason I
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2302:
2301:External links
2299:
2297:
2296:
2238:
2216:
2190:
2168:
2145:
2114:
2095:
2073:
2047:
2033:
2016:
1994:
1979:
1957:
1942:
1911:
1889:
1867:Cook, Alice H.
1863:
1841:
1818:
1787:
1756:
1734:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1672:
1642:
1612:
1574:
1559:
1547:
1522:
1485:
1473:
1454:
1421:
1419:, p. 169.
1409:
1407:, p. 154.
1397:
1382:
1346:
1309:
1264:
1230:
1228:, p. 103.
1218:
1191:
1170:
1168:, p. 205.
1125:
1079:
982:
900:
888:
873:
871:, p. 224.
858:
843:
841:, p. 222.
828:
816:
814:, p. 246.
804:
786:
784:
781:
771:
768:
742:
739:
695:
694:
685:
684:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
598:
595:
571:
568:
497:Fairfax County
409:
406:
384:
381:
271:
270:
245:Jonathan Swift
241:
237:
236:
229:Jonathan Swift
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
211:
210:
163:
162:
116:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
100:
99:
84:
83:
78:Oronoco Street
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2877:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Stafford Hall
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Chestnut Hill
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:William Mason
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:Rice, Otis K.
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:9780722282601
1954:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1557:, p. 28.
1556:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1471:, p. 70.
1470:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1405:Harrison 1912
1401:
1395:, p. 10.
1394:
1389:
1387:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1307:, p. 29.
1306:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1189:, p. 23.
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
970:
966:
965:
960:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
898:, p. 23.
897:
892:
885:
883:
877:
870:
868:
862:
855:
853:
847:
840:
838:
832:
826:, p. 25.
825:
820:
813:
808:
801:
796:
794:
792:
787:
780:
776:
767:
765:
764:Christ Church
761:
757:
752:
747:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
689:
680:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
631:
628:
624:
620:
615:
607:
603:
594:
592:
589:
583:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
535:
534:bounty jumper
530:
526:
521:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Thomson Mason
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
402:
397:
389:
380:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:Doric columns
351:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
324:Thomson Mason
321:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
258:
252:
242:
238:
235:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
180:74°41′17.88″W
177:40°21′43.92″N
170:
169:
168:
167:
159:
129:38°48′37.72″N
122:
121:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:United States
107:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
82:
77:
76:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2728:Architecture
2664:Okeley Manor
2629:Gunston Hall
2623:
2463:Thomas Mason
2251:
2245:
2234:Google Books
2198:
2186:Google Books
2150:
2141:Google Books
2119:
2110:Google Books
2100:
2091:Google Books
2055:
2020:
2012:Google Books
1984:
1975:Google Books
1947:
1938:Google Books
1922:Dayton, Ohio
1916:
1907:Google Books
1871:
1859:Google Books
1823:
1814:Google Books
1792:
1783:Google Books
1761:
1752:Google Books
1716:
1707:Bibliography
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1663:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1651:Gunston Hall
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:the original
1621:Gunston Hall
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1592:
1550:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:the original
1483:, p. 1.
1476:
1452:, p. 4.
1417:Willcox 1999
1412:
1400:
1373:. Retrieved
1366:the original
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1255:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1221:
1216:, p. 3.
1116:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1070:. Retrieved
1063:the original
1054:
973:. Retrieved
962:
891:
881:
876:
866:
861:
851:
846:
836:
831:
819:
812:Coleman 1951
807:
802:, p. 9.
777:
773:
748:
744:
716:
701:
639:mortar joint
635:Flemish bond
632:
619:Mount Vernon
611:
597:Architecture
584:
573:
564:planing mill
557:
542:
538:
522:
489:Gunston Hall
485:George Mason
470:
447:
411:
376:Mason family
373:
366:
347:Neoclassical
339:Mount Vernon
336:
332:Gunston Hall
328:George Mason
316:
283:
279:
275:
274:
165:
164:
118:
86:
85:
73:
18:
2684:Temple Hall
2649:Locust Hill
2634:Hollin Hall
2609:Chopawamsic
2262:: 222–226.
1570:Taylor 2010
1555:Taylor 2010
1305:Taylor 2010
708:balustraded
523:During the
464:within the
426:Restoration
358:balustraded
193: /
145: /
132:77°3′3.13″W
114:Coordinates
2774:Categories
2752:New Jersey
2689:Woodbridge
2659:Montpelier
2654:Mattawoman
2458:John Mason
2204:Kent, Ohio
1824:Alexandria
1695:October 6,
1605:October 6,
1515:October 6,
1393:Brown 2013
1375:October 6,
1339:October 6,
1257:October 6,
1118:October 6,
1072:October 6,
975:October 6,
783:References
760:smokehouse
731:Pocahontas
664:sidelights
656:architrave
591:substation
570:New Jersey
549:Alice Cook
517:Union Army
418:Charles II
399:The front
243:John Potts
227:John Potts
199: (
151: (
2740:Geography
2644:Lexington
2276:0043-5597
2178:539086905
2083:900345296
1899:223109205
1851:775415356
1744:847348805
1481:Cook 2000
896:Rice 2015
824:Rose 1976
451:Freemason
445:in 1719.
364:windows.
280:Belle Air
263:John Munn
2764:Virginia
2619:Clermont
2589:Accokeek
2230:Archived
2226:40881637
2182:Archived
2137:Archived
2106:Archived
2087:Archived
2053:(2015).
2043:55983178
2008:Archived
2004:50266955
1971:Archived
1934:Archived
1903:Archived
1869:(2000).
1855:Archived
1810:Archived
1798:Scribner
1779:Archived
1748:Archived
1717:Groveton
1665:March 9,
1653:(2009).
1635:March 9,
1623:(2009).
1543:Lee 2009
1499:(2015).
1450:Lee 2009
1251:Archived
1214:Lee 2009
969:Archived
719:boxwoods
660:fanlight
623:Woodlawn
614:Georgian
560:Abingdon
439:James II
408:Virginia
343:Woodlawn
300:Old Town
288:Georgian
70:Location
64:Georgian
2702:Portals
2639:Huntley
2624:Colross
2614:Clarens
2313:Colross
2292:1607858
2284:1915885
2133:2401541
1967:1598709
1930:2843595
1806:1020487
1775:1722963
751:cistern
712:cornice
668:lintels
493:Huntley
401:portico
383:History
369:cistern
350:portico
292:mansion
286:) is a
276:Colross
105:Country
54:Mansion
24:Colross
2290:
2282:
2274:
2224:
2214:
2176:
2166:
2131:
2081:
2071:
2041:
2031:
2002:
1992:
1965:
1955:
1928:
1897:
1887:
1849:
1839:
1804:
1773:
1742:
1732:
725:, and
723:lilacs
704:dormer
652:frieze
477:jurist
362:dormer
290:style
224:Client
2674:Selma
2599:Araby
2280:JSTOR
2254:(4).
1369:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1066:(PDF)
1051:(PDF)
727:roses
529:Union
240:Owner
2288:OCLC
2272:ISSN
2222:OCLC
2212:ISBN
2174:OCLC
2164:ISBN
2129:OCLC
2079:OCLC
2069:ISBN
2039:OCLC
2029:ISBN
2000:OCLC
1990:ISBN
1963:OCLC
1953:ISBN
1926:OCLC
1895:OCLC
1885:ISBN
1847:OCLC
1837:ISBN
1802:OCLC
1771:OCLC
1740:OCLC
1730:ISBN
1697:2015
1667:2009
1637:2009
1607:2015
1517:2015
1377:2015
1341:2015
1259:2015
1120:2015
1074:2015
977:2015
884:1898
869:1898
854:1898
839:1898
621:and
433:and
341:and
282:and
219:1799
50:Type
2264:doi
495:in
2776::
2286:.
2278:.
2270:.
2258::
2250:.
2228:.
2220:.
2210:.
2206::
2202:.
2180:.
2172:.
2162:.
2158::
2154:.
2135:.
2123:.
2085:.
2077:.
2067:.
2063::
2059:.
2037:.
2023:.
2006:.
1998:.
1969:.
1961:.
1932:.
1920:.
1901:.
1893:.
1883:.
1875:.
1853:.
1845:.
1835:.
1831::
1827:.
1808:.
1800:.
1777:.
1765:.
1746:.
1738:.
1728:.
1724::
1720:.
1675:^
1591:.
1577:^
1562:^
1525:^
1503:.
1488:^
1457:^
1424:^
1385:^
1349:^
1327:.
1323:.
1312:^
1267:^
1249:.
1245:.
1241:.
1194:^
1173:^
1128:^
1082:^
1057:.
1053:.
985:^
961:.
903:^
790:^
737:.
721:,
670:.
511:.
314:.
2704::
2342:e
2335:t
2328:v
2294:.
2266::
2252:6
2236:.
2188:.
2143:.
2112:.
2093:.
2045:.
2014:.
1977:.
1940:.
1909:.
1861:.
1816:.
1785:.
1754:.
1699:.
1669:.
1639:.
1609:.
1519:.
1379:.
1343:.
1261:.
1122:.
1076:.
979:.
532:'
203:)
155:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
