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The three vowels in Moses-Columbia are /i/, /a/, /u/. They are sometimes transcribed as ; /i/, ; /u/, and ; /a/, and could also tend to sound unstressed, almost as a schwa sound, /ə/.
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There were two dialects, Columbia (Sinkiuse, Columbian) and
Wenatchi (Wenatchee, Entiat, Chelan). Wenatchi was the heritage language of the
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Pauline
Stensgar, who died on May 2, 2023 at age 96, is reported to have been the last known fully fluent speaker.
928:
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and Paul Proulx. 2000. "REVIEWS - What's in a Word? Structure in Moses-Columbia Salish".
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Willet, Marie Louise. 2003." A Grammatical Sketch of Nxa'amxcin" PhD Thesis, University of
Victoria.
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Mattina, Nancy. 2006. "Determiner
Phrases in Moses-Columbia Salish".
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873:"Last fluent speaker of n̓xaʔm̓xčín̓ language dies at 96"
286:
Phonological inventory of the
Columbia-Wenatchi dialect:
937:
Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia
Language (Nxaʔamxcín)
939:. Nespelem, Wash: Colville Confederated Tribes, 1981.
1452:Indigenous languages of the North American Plateau
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944:International Journal of American Linguistics
930:International Journal of American Linguistics
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1462:Indigenous languages of Washington (state)
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194:Columbian is classified as Extinct by the
186:
236:. The Columbia people were followers of
199:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
16:Indigenous language of the United States
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1284:Indigenous languages of the Americas
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273:Here is a Nxaʔamxcín sample word
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277:Snkɬxwpáw’stn = ‘clothesline’
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77:May 2, 2023, with the death of
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871:Hanlon, James (May 5, 2023).
833:
1400:. You can help Knowledge by
1347:. You can help Knowledge by
1290:. You can help Knowledge by
1282:This article related to the
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234:Colville Indian Reservation
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220:), is an extinct Southern
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1472:Washington (state) stubs
224:language, also known as
43:United States of America
860:(subscription required)
1343:-related article is a
1208:Thompson River Salish
877:The Spokesman-Review
216:(in Moses-Columbia:
291:
258:, Columbian of the
230:traditionally lived
984:Salishan languages
935:Kinkade, M. Dale.
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1234:Colville-Okanagan
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932:. 66, no. 3: 410.
858:(18th ed., 2015)
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880:. Retrieved
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269:Sample words
264:
242:
228:. Speakers
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108:
32:
1041:Lushootseed
991:Bella Coola
794:glottalized
687:glottalized
471:glottalized
290:Consonants
238:Chief Moses
127:Columbian †
1441:Categories
1341:Washington
1028:Halkomelem
855:Ethnologue
834:References
323:Pharyngeal
218:Nxaʔamxcín
130:Wenatchi †
58:Washington
56:, eastern
33:Nxaʔamxcín
1256:indicate
1168:Tillamook
1160:Tillamook
1094:Pentlatch
1079:Semiahmoo
540:Fricative
395:Affricate
282:Phonology
226:Nxaảmxcín
180:Columbian
160:Glottolog
144:ISO 639-3
64:Ethnicity
52:northern
1217:Southern
1198:Lillooet
1191:Northern
1150:Quinault
1121:Tsamosan
1105:Squamish
1100:shíshálh
1085:T'Sou-ke
1069:Songhees
1048:Nooksack
906:cite web
616:Sonorant
343:sibilant
303:Alveolar
298:Bilabial
245:Wenatchi
167:colu1241
122:Dialects
105:Southern
96:Salishan
1254:Italics
1203:Shuswap
1129:Cowlitz
1064:Saanich
1034:Klallam
1016:Central
390:Plosive
350:lateral
336:central
328:Glottal
308:Palatal
232:in the
73:Extinct
1074:Samish
998:Nuxálk
882:May 5,
318:Uvular
256:tribes
253:Entiat
251:, and
249:Chelan
196:UNESCO
49:Region
1339:This
1286:is a
1111:Twana
1059:Lummi
1023:Comox
758:plain
753:Trill
621:plain
400:plain
378:plain
368:plain
356:plain
313:Velar
212:, or
54:Idaho
1398:stub
1345:stub
1288:stub
912:link
884:2023
383:lab.
373:lab.
362:lab.
852:at
743:ʕʷˀ
528:qʷ’
514:kʷ’
498:tɬʼ
491:tsʼ
175:ELP
151:col
1443::
908:}}
904:{{
875:.
842:^
802:rˀ
736:ʕˀ
725:wˀ
716:jˀ
709:lˀ
700:nˀ
693:mˀ
677:ʕʷ
601:ħʷ
587:χʷ
573:xʷ
521:qʼ
507:kʼ
484:tʼ
477:pʼ
452:qʷ
438:kʷ
420:ts
262:.
247:,
240:.
1429:e
1422:t
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1404:.
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1319:e
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976:e
969:t
962:v
914:)
900:.
886:.
766:r
670:ʕ
659:w
650:j
643:l
634:n
627:m
608:h
594:ħ
580:χ
566:x
557:ɬ
550:s
463:ʔ
445:q
431:k
413:t
406:p
392:/
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