Combined driving - Knowledge

638:. Competitors walk the cones course before they drive it. The driver negotiates a course of up to 20 pairs of cones, each cone having a ball balanced on top. The cones are only a few centimeters wider than the wheels of the carriage, depending on the level of the class and the type of turnout (from 50 cm at the lower levels, to only 22 cm at the advanced singles level). Knocking over one or both of a pair of cones adds three penalties to the driver's score. The course may also include obstacles made of raised rails in a U or right angle, and a wooden bridge. The cones section is timed and going over the time set for the driver's class leads to penalties. Circling before an obstacle and refusals are also assessed penalty points. 480: 138: 2838:, and adds a letter for a national competition (CAN) or international (CAI). A national event is limited to competitors of that nation, who take part according to the regulations of their national federation, however foreign athletes may take part by invitation. An international event must be organised under FEI Statutes, General Regulations and Sport Rules, and may be open to competitors of all national federations. CAI competitions are primarily for individual athletes. However, at World Championships, competitions for national teams of three or four competitors run concurrently with the individual competition. 778: 282: 488: 440: 2539: 1685: 2584: 218: 366:"Three-phase" carriages are popular, especially at entry levels, as drivers need only one vehicle. These carriages have extending axles to make the rear wheels the required width for the dressage and obstacles phases (currently 138 cm minimum for all pony, single horse, and tandem horse classes). All carriages for the marathon phase are 125 cm minimum track width, measured on the ground and on the rear wheels. For Indoor driving trials, carriages should be a minimum width of 125 cm for all phases. 1900: 623: 599: 2735: 2483: 2154: 2139: 2072: 2645: 2630: 2360: 2345: 2046: 2005: 1986: 1885: 1840: 1780: 1761: 1742: 1723: 1704: 1657: 742: 512:

pace. There is a compulsory rest halt at the end of the Transfer section, which may include a veterinary check. The marathon is not a race for speed. Each section has a maximum AND a minimum time allowed, giving a 2 to 3 minute "window". If a competitor finishes outside this window (depending on which section is being driven), penalty points will be awarded. A competitor may also receive penalty points for not driving a section at the required pace.

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subsequent level of competition. At the lower levels, only one judge will normally be positioned at C (the centre of the short side of the arena) and the Test may have 16 movements. At higher levels, 3 judges may be used and at International competitions and World Championships there may be up to 5 judges, with the Championship Test having 25 movements. The judges' marks are averaged (added together and divided by the number of judges).

34: 610:, frequently take advantage of natural features, being sited around trees and on slopes, but are typically solidly-built sections of posts and rails. National events have decorated and/or brightly painted obstacles which are more exciting to the eye, however many clubs have venues where the obstacles are permanent and these are more likely to be imaginatively dressed than sites where the obstacles are built specially for each event. 305:, who stands behind the driver and can give verbal directions to the driver. The navigator may also help keep time with a stopwatch and tell the driver if he is going too slow or too fast in timed events. If there is a second groom, they will stand behind the navigator and help with ballast and balance during fast maneuvers. Steps on the carriage behind the driver are called the backstep and the grooms are also called backsteppers. 2705: 2690: 2675: 2660: 2569: 2375: 1941: 1915: 1799: 692: 2786: 2765: 2750: 1960: 1859: 2720: 2615: 2509: 654:

obstacle, penalties are assessed for the length of time the driver spends negotiating the obstacle (the time from crossing the start line to crossing the finish line). These penalties are added to any section time penalties. Further penalties may be given for infringements such as dislodging a part of the obstacle (a knock down element), the groom dismounting the carriage or even for the carriage overturning.

467:. Multiple horses are judged on ability to move in harmony and ideally will have similar conformation, action, and movement. Horses are to remain on the bit throughout the test, maintaining impulsion, elasticity, rhythm, and forward movement. The goal is to make the test look effortless, and an obedient and responsive horse is essential for a good dressage test. 793:

drivers, 5 compete in each event. In addition, the home nation which is staging the event may nominate up to 3 "wildcard" drivers to take part. Two rounds are driven in each World Cup competition, usually on subsequent days. The warm-up round is first and the placing of drivers after this round determines the starting order for the World Cup competition proper.

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before dressage. For more advanced classes, presentation is judged on-the-move as part of the driven dressage test. Pre-novice and novice drivers are judged primarily on safety and fit of the harness and vehicle and a three-phase or marathon vehicle and harness is acceptable. Presentation carries a maximum of ten penalties.

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World championships are denoted as Champion at du Monde Attelage (CH-M-A). There are three World Championships for horses – Singles, Pairs and Four-in-Hand. These are held every two years, with Single Horse (CH-M-A 1) and Four-in-Hand (CH-M-A 4) Championships in an even-numbered year, and Horse Pairs

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Since 2003, the Pony World Driving Championships have taken place every two years. There are individual competitions for singles, pairs and four-in-hand. The teams from the various categories are evaluated together for the team ranking. Two single, two pair and two four-in-hand results per nation are

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should be the correct size and weight for the horse, as should the height and length of the poles for pairs and fours. Lamps are required at the advanced level, but only required at the training, preliminary, and intermediate levels and only if the carriage has lamp brackets. A set of spare tools and

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The World Championships are international competitions where national teams compete against each other. Individual competitors compete against each other at the same time. In 1972, the first World Driving Championships were only for four-in-hand teams. In 1985, a pairs championship was added, and in

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The World Cup Driving course combines elements from marathon obstacles and cones driving phases of outdoor driving competitions. Two obstacles are built, one at each end of the arena, with a number of cones between them. These all have to be driven in the correct sequence and at the fastest possible

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Drivers qualify to take part in the World Cup at a number of designated qualifying outdoor events during the preceding summer season. The top ten drivers in the qualifying table go forward to compete in the World Cup. There are 6 or 7 events in the World Cup series, plus a Final. Of the 10 qualified

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Although they were originally thought to be the poor relation of driving trials, indoor events are bringing more people into the sport – over 2,500 entries in 2012-13 – and provide a training ground for more serious competitors and their inexperienced horses and ponies. Audiences love the variety of

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Starting with the dressage in a marked dressage arena of only 20 by 50 metres, the drivers perform a dressage test called Precision and Paces (P&P). This takes five minutes to drive and is marked by two judges, one judging only the paces and one judging the precision and accuracy of the figures.

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In all phases of the competition, a number of other infringements may also incur penalties, for example the driver or groom dismounting the vehicle, breaking of pace where a certain pace is prescribed, not carrying a whip in the dressage or cones, errors of course in the dressage, marathon obstacles

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Competitors may use either 2-wheeled or 4-wheeled vehicles, but 4-wheelers are most often used in modern competition, with two-wheelers used mainly at the beginning levels or with smaller ponies. Some competitors use two carriages at competition: a sturdy sport carriage for the marathon phase, and a

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Normally, it is assumed that a CA classified competition is for horses. If pony classes are involved, the letter P is added to the classification (e.g. CAIP-A). Numbers denote the arrangement of horses in the class (e.g. CAI-A 2 is a competition for horse pairs, whereas CAIP-B 1/2/4 is a Category B

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After P&P, the arena is cleared and a cones course of ten pairs of cones is set out. Everyone walks the course and an optimum time is set, based on the length of the course and a speed of 220m/minute. Completing the course too fast or too slow means the competitor is assessed penalty points for

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In the obstacle cone driving, time penalties are assessed for exceeding the time allowed to complete the cones course, which is calculated by taking the measured distance of the course and dividing it by the speed allowed. Penalty points also accrue for knocking down a ball from any of the cones on

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At club events, the rules may often be relaxed somewhat with, for instance, a "short marathon" which usually means only section E and (some of) the obstacles are driven. This is usually a class designed to encourage drivers of small ponies and young ponies and horses or for inexperienced and junior

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The judge grades on the turnout, safety, cleanliness, general condition and impression of the horses, harness, and vehicle, the matching of the horses or ponies, and the attire of the driver and grooms. For newcomer or novice classes, presentation is inspected and marked by a judge at a stand-still

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The driver controls the horse or horses through the reins, whip and voice. Although there is a seat next to the driver on some sport carriages — jokingly called the suicide seat — it is not generally occupied in competition if there is a stand or seat behind the driver for attendants. The driver is

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FEI World Cup Driving, is a series of competitions for four-in-hand horse teams. Introduced in 2001, it provides an exciting style of competition which takes place in an indoor arena. The course combines marathon and cone driving obstacles. Five or six drivers, each with a team of four horses take

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The marathon phase has three sections in international competition. Sections A and B may be driven at any pace, but normally will be at a trot. The transfer section is designed to get the competitors from the end of A to the start of B and enough time is given to complete this section at a walking

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should be clean and well-conditioned. If there are several horses, they should be of similar size and type (build), although the wheelers may be larger than the leaders. Matching color is secondary to matching type and size. Manes may or may not be braided, but should be level. Tails should not be

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are of a modern design, built from steel or aluminum, with hydraulic disc brakes, a low centre of gravity, and a very small turning radius. The harness used with a marathon carriage is often made from synthetic materials, whereas an attractive presentation harness is usually made of leather and is

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After the cones phase, two obstacles are built in the arena and the drivers and grooms walk them, choosing the best route for their turnout. The drivers come back into the arena one-at-a-time in their class, in reverse order of their score placing – best goes last – and drive the two obstacles as

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Section "E" of the marathon is similar to the cross-country phase of eventing. It has obstacles or "hazards" throughout the course to test the speed and agility of the horses, and the driving ability of the whip. Obstacles may include water, tight twists through trees or man-made obstacles, steep

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In 2001 the FEI introduced a new World Cup series, alongside World Cup Jumping and World Cup Dressage. Called The FEI World Cup Driving, it is a series of competitions for four-in-hand drivers, that provides an innovative and exciting style of competition in an indoor arena. These take place at

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Most people will start driving by joining a local organisation or club, who organise training sessions and one- or two-day competitions. Keen drivers can qualify to take part in national events from which they may put themselves forward to be selected to represent their country at international

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Grooms are required for safety reasons because the driver must stay on the carriage at all times, holding the reins and controlling the horses. A groom will hitch the horse to the carriage and will adjust harness or correct problems if needed. However, if a groom falls off or exits the carriage

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Drivers are awarded points according to their placings in each round. After the 6 or 7 World Cup competitions, the five highest placed drivers go forward to the Final. At the Final, all drivers start from scratch. The top 3 drivers after the first round will then have a drive off over the same

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A time window – a minimum and a maximum time – is calculated for each section according to the length of the section, the average speed of the carriage and whether it is pulled by horses or ponies. After the walk section there is a ten-minute halt, where the horses can be cooled and watered. A

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Throughout the marathon and in the obstacles the groom can speak to the driver and assist using their weight and balance to keep the carriage upright or to bounce it off the obstacle uprights. The groom also helps to keep the correct pace by checking the kilometer markers on the course against

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In the dressage phase, each movement is marked by the judges from 0 to 10 points. There may be 25 movements in the test. The marks are added together and, if there is more than one judge, they are divided by the number of judges to get an average. The total is then subtracted from the maximum

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In the marathon, time penalties are assessed at the end of each section for the amount of time a competitor finishes either under or over the permitted time window for that section. If the driver finishes within the allowed time window, he does not receive any penalties. In addition, in each

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under saddle. The test is performed in a 40 by 80 or 40 by 100 metre arena with letter markers, where transitions in speed and gait are to take place. The judge scores each movement on a scale of 0–10, with a 10 being the highest mark possible. The difficulty of the test increases with each

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At National and Club level, further division is made according to the ability and experience of the driver. In the United States, the levels of combined driving are: Training, Preliminary, Intermediate, and Advanced. In the UK, where the sport is known as Horse Driving Trials, the levels of

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hills, or fences and pens. Drivers are scored on how quickly they can negotiate the obstacle, and must find the fastest route through each. Penalty points are given if too much time is spent in an obstacle, or if the team comes in off the optimum time for the whole course.

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Driving any horse or pony and carriage around an obstacle at speed requires practice and a rapport between driver, animal(s) and groom(s). Timing starts as the horse's nose crosses the start line and ends when his nose crosses the finish line, frequently the same markers.

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At the National level (CAN) the sport is governed by each country's National Federation, sometimes through a governing body, which will have rules based on the FEI Rulebook, but maybe with some variations. Most countries hold their own National Championships.

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Unlike a ridden dressage test, a driven test allows the use of the voice as an aid. At international level, dressage tests are prepared by the Fédération Equestre Internationale (F.E.I.) which is the governing body of competitive carriage driving.

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The driver qualifies for the class usually by successfully competing in a lower class for a set period of time or a number of wins. Most people start driving with a single pony or horse. Many clubs run special classes for the smallest ponies.

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progression from Club to National competition are: Pre-novice, Novice, Intermediate, Open, and Advanced. In New Zealand the sport is known as Combined Driving Trials,(CDT) and the levels of competition are: Novice, Intermediate, and Open.

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of the grooms should fit and match if there is more than one groom. The whip should be the correct length based on the number of horses used. Drivers and grooms should wear brown gloves, as well as a driving hat, and the driver wears an

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In 1998 a group of enthusiasts in Sussex, England, started a series of winter one-day competitions, based on the three phases of driving trials, but modified to take place in an indoor arena. They called it Indoor Driving Trials.

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All the possible penalties are described in the rule books, published by the FEI and National Federations. Calculation of results can be complex and there are software programs available to record the data and calculate results.

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Scores and times are converted into "penalty points", and scores from all three phases are combined to give a final result. The competitor with the lowest penalty score is the winner.

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Since 1972, the World Driving Championships for four-in-hand driving have taken place every two years. Prizes are awarded for national teams and individuals. Winners have included:

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In early 2013 Indoor Horse Driving Trials UK renamed itself Indoor Carriage Driving UK in line with the re-branding of the British Horse Driving Trials to British Carriagedriving.

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Classes are frequently split by height divisions, such as tiny pony, small pony, large pony and horse. Multiples (pairs, tandems, teams, etc.) are driven in their height class.

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should be sound, clean, and fit correctly. Harness, if more than one horse is used, should match, although different bits may be used. The overall harness should also match.

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competition there will be penalty points assessed. If there is a collision with an object or a horse falls, the grooms are needed to hold horses and help untangle harness.

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are often seen at the highest levels of competition. If multiple horses are used together, they should be of similar height, build, and movement, and preferably similar

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Section B includes up to eight obstacles, to be driven in sequence. The last designated 300 to 500 m must be driven at walk or trot, with no stopping for any reason.

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other than false martingales are not permitted. Harness straps should not be buckled on the last hole so that adjustment may be made should a piece of harness break.

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possible mark to give a penalty score for the dressage. For example, if there are 16 movements, the total marks will be subtracted from 160 to get a penalty score.

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Since 1998, the World Singles Championships have taken place every second year. Prizes are awarded for national teams and individuals. Winners have included:

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There are two categories of international competitions – CAI-A and CAI-B. The CAI-A category denotes a higher level of organisation and facilities provided.

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turns to drive the course against the clock. World Cup Driving events are classified as CAI-W and take place throughout the winter months (Nov to April).

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Each judge has a scorer close by who holds up the judge's mark for each of the ten movements in the test so the event scorer (and audience) can see it.

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Competitions are further divided into horses and ponies. Driving ponies must not exceed 148 cm in height; all others are classified as horses.

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the horses and ponies – from small Shetland ponies to large horses, they all drive the same courses and are only feet away from the spectators.

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Individual competitors at all levels. Additionally, at international levels there are teams of three national competitors .

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fast as possible. Then they drive them a second time. The drivers with the lowest score in their class are the winners.

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have taken place every two years. Prizes are awarded for national teams and individuals. Winners have included:

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or cones. Some infringements, such as an uncorrected error of course will cause the competitor to be eliminated.

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is judged on dress and position of driver and grooms, and suitability of horses and harness to the carriage.

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each second over or under the optimum time. Knocking a ball down off a cone adds a further five penalties.

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International driving competitions, which fall under FEI rules, are divided into the following categories:

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A 'training division' is for a novice horse; the driver may be of any level, including a seasoned driver.

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Dressage movements may include circles, figures of eight, and crossing the diagonal and all paces – walk,

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venues throughout Europe, alongside other World Cup competitions, during the months of October to March.

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Below are the three sections and their maximum lengths and speeds, as specified in the FEI rulebook:

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the announcer declared him "number one in the world, more titles than any other driver in history."

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speed, without dislodging any of the knock-down elements. The course will also include a "bridge".

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Four-in-Hand (sometimes known as a "team") – four horses, one pair being in front of the other pair

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veterinary check may follow the Transfer section to ensure that the horses are fit to continue.

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The obstacle cone driving phase is a test of accuracy, speed and obedience, equivalent to the

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calculated timings for each section, allowing for ground conditions and the horse's fitness.

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Some competitions (usually not international) may use other arrangements, for example:

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Indoor driving rules in the UK allow the groom to stand on the backstep for all phases

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Randem – three horses in-line, one in the front, one in the middle and one at the rear

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List of World Champions in Driving (horse) § Four-in-Hand World Championships

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won his 10th World Cup Driving Final. At his prior win, the final qualifier in

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harness pieces should be carried on the vehicle in case of emergency: a spare

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List of World Champions in Driving (horse) § Singles World Championships

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competitions or World Championships. Because a driver always needs a groom (

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competition for ponies, with classes for singles, pairs and four-in-hands).

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List of World Champions in Driving (horse) § Pairs World Championships

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List of World Champions in Driving (horse) § Pony World Championships

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more traditional looking carriage for dressage and obstacle phases. Most

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Pair of horses – two animals are harnessed to the carriage, side by side

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Competitions for drivers with disabilities are classified as CPEAI (

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drivers. It enables newcomers to gain experience and confidence.

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used for the dressage and obstacles portions of the competition.

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1998 a singles championship. Pony divisions were added in 2003.

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The FEI encodes driving competitions with "CA", for the French

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course, with their scores carried forward into the drive off.

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competing at the 2013 CHI Genève World Cup Driving competition

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Single horse – only one animal is used to pull the carriage

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Para-driving is combined driving for disabled people.

3032:"Boyd Exell gallops to 10th World Cup driving title" 2798: 1638: 58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 709:Unicorn – two horses at the back, one at the front 712:Pickaxe – one horse at the back, two at the front 617: 4299: 2177:Since 1985, the World Driving Championships for 1621:The 2020-2021 season was interrupted due to the 703:Tandem – one horse or pony in front of the other 247:. It is one of the ten international equestrian 495:The marathon is similar to the second phase of 3401:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 2934:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 2907:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 2596: 155:International Federation for Equestrian Sports 3545: 2833: 2827: 2166: 670:The levels and divisions of combined driving 3051:"The unknown Aussie who can't stop winning" 626:A ball is dislodged from the top of a cone. 457:working trot, collected trot, extended trot 3552: 3538: 2882:List of World Champions in Driving (horse) 2683:(team), Wilbron Van Den Broek (individual) 341:. Horses closest to the driver are called 136: 2778:cancelled due to West Nile virus outbreak 2713:(team), Thorsten Zarembowicz (individual) 1908:(team), Felix Marie Brasseur (individual) 1807:(team), Felix Marie Brasseur (individual) 447:The dressage test is somewhat similar to 387:should be clean and smartly dressed. The 374: 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 3492:Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) 3096:"FEI Driving World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 2869: 2773:(team), Stéphane Chouzenoux (individual) 776: 740: 690: 621: 597: 506: 486: 478: 438: 369: 280: 253:Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) 216: 16:Sport involving horses pulling carriages 3427:"FEI General Regulations, 24th edition" 3344: 2902:"Welcome to Driving & Para Driving" 606:Marathon obstacles, sometimes known as 352: 4300: 3439:from the original on December 11, 2009 3048: 3005:"New Zealand Carriage Driving Society" 2728:(team), Jan van den Broek (individual) 2668:(team), Dieter Lauterbach (individual) 2577:(team), Laszlo Kecskemeti (individual) 2517:(team), Mieke van Tergouw (individual) 2368:(team), Harrie Verstappen (individual) 1629: 420:of the correct size, a rein splice, a 297:, a driver and two attendants (called 276: 3559: 3533: 3029: 2698:(team), Christoph Dieker (individual) 2562:(team), Udo Hochgeschurz (individual) 593: 434: 3303:"World Cup FINAL (Season 2010-2011)" 2592:(team), Ekkert Meineche (individual) 491:Marathon phase, Sandringham, England 474: 345:, and those in the front are called 56:adding citations to reliable sources 27: 3520:Australian Carriage Driving Society 3407:from the original on April 18, 2024 2971:from the original on March 22, 2018 2820:Para-equestrian § Para-driving 2623:(team), Saskia Siebers (individual) 285:World champion four-in-hand driver 235:) is an equestrian sport involving 13: 2794:(team), Arja Mikkonen (individual) 2547:(team), Werner Ulrich (individual) 2409:(team), Rainer Pointl (individual) 2353:(team), Carola Diener (individual) 2162:(team), Auguste Dubey (individual) 2039:(team), Laszlo Juhasz (individual) 1893:(team), Werner Ulrich (individual) 142:Horse pair crossing water obstacle 14: 4334: 3485: 3469:from the original on May 10, 2012 3049:Kidman, John (January 27, 2023). 3030:Dance, Sarah (February 8, 2023). 2758:(team), Marie Kahrle (individual) 2743:(team), Paul Sidwell (individual) 2424:(team), Riny Rutjens (individual) 2147:(team), Sandor Fulop (individual) 736: 2799:Pony World Driving Championships 2784: 2763: 2748: 2733: 2718: 2703: 2688: 2673: 2658: 2643: 2628: 2613: 2582: 2567: 2552: 2537: 2532:(team), Georg Moser (individual) 2522: 2507: 2481: 2455: 2429: 2414: 2399: 2373: 2358: 2343: 2317: 2291: 2265: 2239: 2213: 2187: 2152: 2137: 2132:(team), Imre Abonyi (individual) 2122: 2096: 2070: 2044: 2029: 2003: 1984: 1958: 1939: 1913: 1898: 1883: 1857: 1838: 1812: 1797: 1778: 1759: 1740: 1721: 1702: 1683: 1655: 1639:Four-in-Hand World Championships 816:World Cup Driving Final winners 772: 602:Negotiating an obstacle at speed 257:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 222:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 32: 3451: 3419: 3389: 3361: 3338: 3316: 3295: 3274: 3253: 3235: 3217: 3199: 3181: 3163: 3145: 3127: 3109: 2813: 43:needs additional citations for 3282:"World Cup (Season 2011-2012)" 3261:"World Cup (Season 2012-2013)" 3088: 3063: 3042: 3023: 2997: 2983: 2953: 2921: 2894: 695:Two ponies harnessed in tandem 618:Phase C: Obstacle cone driving 251:disciplines recognized by the 1: 4323:Equestrian sports disciplines 2887: 385:Driver, grooms and passengers 262: 3623:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic 3345:Hoefnet (January 30, 2014). 3243:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 3225:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 3207:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 3189:"World Cup Final (Göteborg)" 3171:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 3153:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 3135:"World Cup Final (Bordeaux)" 7: 4167:Western riding (horse show) 3713:List of horse racing venues 3117:"World Cup Final (Leipzig)" 2875: 2597:Singles World Championships 804:In 2023, Australian driver 718:– three horses side by side 521: 10: 4339: 4313:FEI-recognized competition 4178:breed-specific disciplines 3525:Indoor Carriage Driving UK 2991:"British Carriage Driving" 2817: 2802: 2653:(team), Bartlomiej Kwiatek 2600: 2170: 1642: 641: 18: 4318:Horse driving competition 4282:List of historical horses 4274: 4213: 4175: 4084: 4041: 3935: 3876: 3795: 3728: 3703:Thoroughbred horse racing 3668: 3622: 3590: 3567: 3397:"Para-Equestrian Driving" 2828:FEI classification system 2810:included in the ranking. 2167:Pairs World Championships 829: 826: 823: 820: 273:the official competitor. 267: 207: 202: 184: 174: 166: 161: 147: 135: 4226:Competitive trail riding 3708:Films about horse racing 3510:American Driving Society 2870:backstepper or navigator 1107:Daniel Schneiders (GER) 316: 4049:Cowboy mounted shooting 3515:British Carriagedriving 4287:Women in equestrianism 4090:exhibition disciplines 2834: 2638:(team), Saskia Siebers 785: 746: 696: 627: 603: 492: 484: 444: 375:Phase A1: Presentation 290: 225: 208:Country or region 4137:Show hunter (British) 3746:Equestrian drill team 3503:FEI World Cup driving 3334:on February 27, 2012. 2858:Paralympic Equestrian 780: 744: 694: 625: 601: 507:The Marathon sections 490: 482: 442: 370:Phases of competition 284: 220: 4251:Mounted orienteering 4200:Icelandic equitation 3936:Working stock sports 3195:. February 26, 2017. 3159:. February 10, 2019. 1501:Werner Ulrich (SUI) 1009:Jérôme Voutaz (SUI) 353:Carriage and harness 233:horse driving trials 52:improve this article 4185:Camargue equitation 4107:Halter (horse show) 3902:Draft horse showing 3432:. January 1, 2020. 3385:on October 8, 2008. 3291:. February 4, 2012. 3270:. February 9, 2013. 3249:. February 9, 2014. 3231:. February 8, 2015. 3213:. February 6, 2016. 3177:. February 4, 2018. 3141:. February 9, 2020. 3105:. February 5, 2023. 2941:on October 11, 2009 2835:Concours d'Attelage 1630:World Championships 982:Jérôme Voutz (SUI) 942:Bram Chardon (NED) 864:Bram Chardon (NED) 844:Bram Chardon (NED) 817: 277:Navigator and groom 150:governing body 132: 4205:Working equitation 4152:Trail (horse show) 4097:Classical dressage 3813:Corrida de sortija 1605:Christoph Sandmann 1565:Christoph Sandmann 1529:Christoph Sandmann 1420:Christoph Sandmann 1350:Christoph Sandmann 1073:Christoph Sandmann 815: 786: 747: 697: 628: 604: 594:Marathon Obstacles 493: 485: 445: 443:The dressage phase 435:Phase A2: Dressage 428:Overall impression 360:marathon carriages 291: 226: 130: 67:"Combined driving" 4295: 4294: 4112:Horse showmanship 4033:Working cow horse 3897:Chuckwagon racing 3808:Carrera de cintas 3796:Games with horses 3751:Escaramuza charra 3561:Equestrian sports 3497:FEI Driving Rules 3357:on June 29, 2016. 3123:. April 10, 2022. 3071:"Calendar Search" 3011:on April 29, 2012 2929:"What is Driving" 1676:COVID-19 pandemic 1623:COVID-19 pandemic 1617: 1616: 1361:Benjamin Aillaud 1238:József Dobrovitz 580: 579: 475:Phase B: Marathon 224:competing in 2005 215: 214: 128: 127: 120: 102: 4330: 4162:Western pleasure 4157:Western dressage 4102:English pleasure 4003:Jineteada gaucha 3953:Breakaway roping 3948:Australian rodeo 3917:Pleasure driving 3892:Carriage driving 3630:Combined driving 3554: 3547: 3540: 3531: 3530: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3378:. Archived from 3373: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3353:. Archived from 3342: 3336: 3335: 3330:. 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129: 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 101: 60: 36: 28: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4270: 4256:Pleasure riding 4209: 4190:Doma menorquina 4177: 4171: 4089: 4080: 4059:Mounted archery 4037: 4018:Steer wrestling 3993:Deporte de lazo 3943:Acoso y derribo 3931: 3872: 3791: 3724: 3664: 3660:Para-equestrian 3618: 3586: 3572:Main articles: 3563: 3558: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3343: 3339: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3263: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3047: 3043: 3036:Horsetalk.co.nz 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 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3927:Scurry driving 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3823:Equine agility 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3693:Point-to-point 3690: 3685: 3683:Harness racing 3680: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3577: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3557: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3487: 3486:External links 3484: 3481: 3480: 3450: 3418: 3388: 3360: 3337: 3315: 3312:. May 1, 2011. 3294: 3273: 3252: 3234: 3216: 3198: 3180: 3162: 3144: 3126: 3108: 3087: 3062: 3041: 3022: 2996: 2982: 2952: 2920: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2877: 2874: 2829: 2826: 2818:Main article: 2815: 2812: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2780: 2774: 2759: 2744: 2741:United Kingdom 2729: 2714: 2699: 2684: 2669: 2654: 2639: 2624: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2578: 2563: 2548: 2533: 2518: 2503: 2489:United Kingdom 2477: 2451: 2425: 2410: 2395: 2369: 2354: 2339: 2313: 2287: 2261: 2235: 2209: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2160:United Kingdom 2148: 2145:United Kingdom 2133: 2118: 2092: 2078:United Kingdom 2066: 2056:Tjeerd Velstra 2040: 2025: 2015:Tjeerd Velstra 1999: 1980: 1970:Tomas Eriksson 1954: 1935: 1925:Michael Freund 1909: 1894: 1879: 1869:Tomas Eriksson 1853: 1834: 1808: 1793: 1774: 1755: 1736: 1717: 1698: 1679: 1670: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1615: 1614: 1602: 1594:Chester Weber 1592: 1582:Michael Freund 1579: 1575: 1574: 1562: 1556: 1546:Michael Freund 1543: 1539: 1538: 1526: 1520: 1510:Michael Freund 1507: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1489:Michael Freund 1486: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1461:Werner Ulrich 1459: 1449:Michael Freund 1446: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1417: 1405: 1389:Michael Freund 1386: 1382: 1381: 1369: 1359: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1329: 1317: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1294: 1275: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1246: 1236: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1198: 1186: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1157: 1145: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1108: 1105: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1082: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1046: 1040: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1010: 1007: 1001: 997: 996: 983: 980: 974: 970: 969: 956: 943: 940: 936: 935: 923: 910: 904: 900: 899: 897: 895: 889: 885: 884: 871: 865: 862: 858: 857: 845: 842: 836: 832: 831: 828: 825: 822: 774: 771: 738: 737:Indoor driving 735: 720: 719: 713: 710: 707: 704: 686: 685: 682: 679: 671: 668: 643: 640: 619: 616: 595: 592: 578: 577: 574: 571: 568: 564: 563: 560: 557: 554: 550: 549: 546: 543: 540: 536: 535: 532: 529: 528:Max. distance 526: 508: 505: 483:Marathon phase 476: 473: 436: 433: 432: 431: 425: 410: 400: 393: 376: 373: 371: 368: 354: 351: 329:may be of any 318: 315: 289:and his grooms 278: 275: 269: 266: 264: 261: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 200: 199: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 159: 158: 152: 145: 144: 141: 126: 125: 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4335: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4308:Horse driving 4306: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4246:Hunter pacing 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4231:Cross-country 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4008:Ranch sorting 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3978:Chilean rodeo 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3912:Horse pulling 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887:Ban'ei racing 3885: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803:Barrel racing 3801: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3594:disciplines, 3593: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3574:Equestrianism 3570: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3104: 3097: 3091: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3015:September 17, 3010: 3006: 3000: 2992: 2986: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2806: 2793: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2760: 2757: 2745: 2742: 2730: 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States 1680: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1636: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1333: 1332:Koos de Ronde 1330: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1284: 1279: 1278:Koos de Ronde 1276: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1207: 1202: 1201:Koos de Ronde 1199: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1135: 1130: 1129:Koos de Ronde 1127: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1112: 1111:Koos de Ronde 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1050: 1049:Koos de Ronde 1047: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1014: 1013:Koos de Ronde 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 998: 992: 987: 986:Koos de Ronde 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 971: 965: 960: 957: 952: 947: 946:Koos de Ronde 944: 941: 938: 937: 932: 927: 924: 919: 914: 913:Koos de Ronde 911: 908: 905: 902: 901: 898: 896: 893: 890: 887: 886: 880: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 859: 854: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 833: 819: 813: 811: 807: 802: 798: 794: 790: 783: 779: 773:FEI World Cup 770: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 743: 734: 731: 728: 724: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 700: 693: 689: 683: 680: 677: 676: 675: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 639: 637: 633: 624: 615: 611: 609: 600: 591: 587: 583: 576:14 km/h 575: 572: 569: 566: 565: 561: 558: 556:800 – 1000 m 555: 552: 551: 548:15 km/h 547: 544: 541: 538: 537: 533: 530: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 513: 504: 500: 498: 489: 481: 472: 468: 466: 462: 458: 453: 450: 441: 429: 426: 423: 419: 414: 411: 408: 404: 401: 397: 394: 390: 386: 383: 382: 381: 367: 364: 361: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 314: 312: 306: 304: 300: 296: 288: 283: 274: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 223: 219: 210: 206: 201: 198: 194: 190: 187: 183: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 160: 156: 153: 151: 146: 139: 134: 122: 119: 111: 108:February 2023 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: – 68: 64: 63:Find sources: 57: 53: 47: 46: 41:This article 39: 35: 30: 29: 26: 22: 4261:Trail riding 4236:Field hunter 4214:Field sports 4195:Doma vaquera 4176:Regional and 4147:Stunt riding 4076:Pig sticking 4023:Team penning 3968:Campdrafting 3958:Bronc riding 3907:Fine harness 3863:Sinjska alka 3853:Pole bending 3838:Keyhole race 3787:Team chasing 3698:Steeplechase 3670:Horse racing 3650:Tent pegging 3629: 3614:Show jumping 3579: 3571: 3471:. Retrieved 3462: 3453: 3443:February 14, 3441:. Retrieved 3421: 3411:September 2, 3409:. Retrieved 3400: 3391: 3380:the original 3375: 3363: 3355:the original 3350: 3340: 3332:the original 3327: 3318: 3309: 3297: 3288: 3276: 3267: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3090: 3080:February 15, 3078:. Retrieved 3074: 3065: 3054: 3044: 3035: 3025: 3013:. Retrieved 3009:the original 2999: 2985: 2973:. Retrieved 2964: 2955: 2943:. Retrieved 2939:the original 2932: 2923: 2913:February 15, 2911:. Retrieved 2905: 2896: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2831: 2823: 2814:Para-driving 2808: 2777: 2606: 2502:(individual) 2493:Zoltán Lázár 2476:(individual) 2467:Lázár Vilmos 2450:(individual) 2441:Lázár Vilmos 2394:(individual) 2385:Lázár Vilmos 2338:(individual) 2329:Lázár Vilmos 2312:(individual) 2303:Lázár Vilmos 2286:(individual) 2277:Martin Hölle 2260:(individual) 2251:Martin Hölle 2234:(individual) 2225:Martin Hölle 2208:(individual) 2199:Martin Hölle 2176: 2117:(individual) 2091:(individual) 2065:(individual) 2024:(individual) 1998:(individual) 1979:(individual) 1953:(individual) 1934:(individual) 1878:(individual) 1852:(individual) 1833:(individual) 1824:Zoltán Lázár 1792:(individual) 1773:(individual) 1754:(individual) 1735:(individual) 1716:(individual) 1697:(individual) 1673: 1669:(individual) 1648: 1633: 1620: 1618: 959:Glenn Geerts 891: 874:Glenn Geerts 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 732: 729: 725: 721: 698: 687: 673: 664: 660: 658:the course. 656: 652: 648: 645: 632:show jumping 629: 612: 607: 605: 588: 584: 581: 562:7 km/h 518: 514: 510: 501: 494: 469: 454: 446: 427: 412: 402: 395: 384: 378: 365: 356: 346: 342: 320: 310: 307: 302: 298: 295:four-in-hand 292: 271: 232: 228: 227: 179:Equine sport 167:Team members 114: 105: 95: 88: 81: 74: 62: 50:Please help 45:verification 42: 25: 4241:Fox hunting 4132:Show hunter 4122:Saddle seat 4028:Team roping 3963:Calf roping 3858:Potato race 3818:Dzhigitovka 3741:Cowboy polo 3729:Team sports 3718:by capacity 3678:Flat racing 2651:Netherlands 2636:Netherlands 2590:Switzerland 2496: [ 2470: [ 2444: [ 2388: [ 2366:Netherlands 2351:Netherlands 2332: [ 2306: [ 2280: [ 2254: [ 2228: [ 2202: [ 2111: [ 2085: [ 2059: [ 2052:Netherlands 2018: [ 2011:Netherlands 1992:Netherlands 1973: [ 1928: [ 1891:Netherlands 1872: [ 1846:Netherlands 1827: [ 1786:Netherlands 1767:Netherlands 1748:Netherlands 1729:Netherlands 1710:Netherlands 1663:Netherlands 1585: [ 1549: [ 1513: [ 1492: [ 1452: [ 1392: [ 1335: [ 1281: [ 1204: [ 1132: [ 1114: [ 1052: [ 1016: [ 989: [ 962: [ 949: [ 916: [ 877: [ 407:Martingales 333:, although 249:sport horse 4302:Categories 4142:Sidesaddle 4086:Horse show 3998:Goat tying 3782:Polocrosse 3581:Equitation 3351:hoefnet.nl 2945:August 31, 2888:References 2803:See also: 2601:See also: 2171:See also: 1771:Boyd Exell 1752:Boyd Exell 1733:Boyd Exell 1714:Boyd Exell 1695:Boyd Exell 1667:Boyd Exell 1643:See also: 1578:2001–2002 1559:Boyd Exell 1542:2002–2003 1523:Boyd Exell 1506:2003–2004 1473:2004–2005 1433:2005–2006 1385:2006–2007 1346:2007–2008 1314:Boyd Exell 1310:2008–2009 1266:Boyd Exell 1262:2009–2010 1227:Boyd Exell 1177:Boyd Exell 1173:2011-2012 1148:Boyd Exell 1125:2012-2013 1102:Boyd Exell 1098:2013-2014 1067:Boyd Exell 1063:2014-2015 1043:Boyd Exell 1027:2015-2016 1004:Boyd Exell 1000:2016-2017 977:Boyd Exell 973:2017-2018 939:2018-2019 907:Boyd Exell 903:2019-2020 888:2020–2021 868:Boyd Exell 861:2021-2022 839:Boyd Exell 835:2022–2023 806:Boyd Exell 782:Boyd Exell 422:hole punch 335:warmbloods 287:Boyd Exell 263:Competitor 78:newspapers 4221:Cavalcade 4127:Show hack 4117:Hunt seat 3973:Charrería 3868:Skijoring 3848:O-Mok-See 3640:Horseball 3635:Endurance 3473:April 24, 3369:"Driving" 3324:"Driving" 3056:Perth Now 2975:April 24, 2961:"FEI.org" 1222:2010-2011 892:Cancelled 634:phase of 573:Any pace 559:Any pace 553:Transfer 545:Any pace 465:rein back 413:Carriages 303:navigator 211:Worldwide 185:Equipment 4064:Yabusame 4054:Jousting 4042:Weaponry 3922:Roadster 3833:Gymkhana 3828:Er Enish 3756:Fantasia 3736:Buzkashi 3655:Vaulting 3609:Eventing 3604:Dressage 3467:Archived 3459:"Events" 3434:Archived 3405:Archived 2969:Archived 2876:See also 2491:(team), 2465:(team), 2439:(team), 2383:(team), 2327:(team), 2301:(team), 2275:(team), 2249:(team), 2223:(team), 2197:(team), 2106:(team), 2080:(team), 2054:(team), 2013:(team), 1994:(team), 1968:(team), 1949:(team), 1923:(team), 1867:(team), 1848:(team), 1822:(team), 1788:(team), 1769:(team), 1750:(team), 1731:(team), 1712:(team), 1693:(team), 1665:(team), 636:eventing 525:Section 497:eventing 449:dressage 399:braided. 343:wheelers 321:Driving 245:eventing 241:dressage 203:Presence 193:carriage 148:Highest 4275:Related 3988:Cutting 3878:Driving 3843:Kyz kuu 3763:(cirit) 3645:Reining 3596:Olympic 3463:Fei.org 3376:fei.org 3328:fei.org 2965:FEI.org 2711:Germany 2696:Germany 2681:Germany 2666:Germany 2575:Germany 2560:Hungary 2530:Austria 2463:Hungary 2437:Hungary 2422:Hungary 2407:Austria 2381:Germany 2325:Hungary 2299:Hungary 2273:Hungary 2247:Hungary 2221:Hungary 2195:Hungary 2130:Hungary 2104:Hungary 2037:Hungary 1947:Germany 1921:Germany 1906:Belgium 1820:Hungary 1805:Germany 642:Scoring 608:hazards 570:9000 m 542:8000 m 403:Harness 347:leaders 197:harness 92:scholar 4071:Pasola 3880:sports 3761:Jereed 3499:(2023) 2792:Sweden 2789: 2782:1998: 2776:2000: 2771:Sweden 2768: 2761:2002: 2756:Sweden 2753: 2746:2004: 2738: 2731:2006: 2726:France 2723: 2716:2008: 2708: 2701:2010: 2693: 2686:2012: 2678: 2671:2014: 2663: 2656:2016: 2648: 2641:2018: 2633: 2626:2020: 2621:France 2618: 2611:2022: 2587: 2580:1985: 2572: 2565:1987: 2557: 2550:1989: 2542: 2535:1991: 2527: 2520:1993: 2515:France 2512: 2505:1995: 2486: 2479:1997: 2460: 2453:1999: 2434: 2427:2001: 2419: 2412:2003: 2404: 2397:2005: 2378: 2371:2007: 2363: 2356:2009: 2348: 2341:2011: 2322: 2315:2013: 2296: 2289:2015: 2270: 2263:2017: 2244: 2237:2019: 2218: 2211:2021: 2192: 2185:2023: 2157: 2150:1972: 2142: 2135:1974: 2127: 2120:1976: 2101: 2094:1978: 2075: 2068:1980: 2049: 2042:1982: 2034: 2027:1984: 2008: 2001:1986: 1989: 1982:1988: 1966:Sweden 1963: 1956:1990: 1944: 1937:1992: 1918: 1911:1994: 1903: 1896:1996: 1888: 1881:1998: 1865:Sweden 1862: 1855:2000: 1843: 1836:2002: 1817: 1810:2004: 1802: 1795:2006: 1783: 1776:2008: 1764: 1757:2010: 1745: 1738:2012: 1726: 1719:2014: 1707: 1700:2016: 1688: 1681:2018: 1672:2020: 1660: 1653:2022: 1591:(GER) 1561:(AUS) 1555:(GER) 1525:(AUS) 1519:(GER) 1498:(GER) 1458:(GER) 1341:(NED) 1316:(AUS) 1120:(NED) 1104:(AUS) 1069:(AUS) 1058:(NED) 1045:(AUS) 1022:(NED) 1006:(AUS) 995:(NED) 968:(BEL) 955:(NED) 922:(NED) 883:(BEL) 870:(AUS) 841:(AUS) 716:Troika 534:Speed 461:canter 396:Horses 392:apron. 389:livery 327:ponies 323:horses 311:during 299:grooms 268:Driver 94: 87: 80: 73: 65: 4013:Rodeo 3983:Coleo 3688:Palio 3437:(PDF) 3430:(PDF) 3383:(PDF) 3372:(PDF) 3306:(PDF) 3285:(PDF) 3264:(PDF) 3099:(PDF) 2500:] 2474:] 2448:] 2392:] 2336:] 2310:] 2284:] 2258:] 2232:] 2206:] 2179:pairs 2115:] 2089:] 2063:] 2022:] 1977:] 1932:] 1876:] 1831:] 1589:] 1553:] 1517:] 1496:] 1456:] 1396:] 1339:] 1285:] 1208:] 1136:] 1118:] 1056:] 1020:] 993:] 979:(AUS 966:] 953:] 920:] 909:(AUS 881:] 821:Year 531:Pace 418:trace 339:color 331:breed 317:Horse 189:Horse 157:(FEI) 99:JSTOR 85:books 4266:TREC 3777:Polo 3772:Pato 3767:Mata 3475:2018 3445:2023 3413:2024 3082:2023 3017:2012 2977:2018 2947:2009 2915:2023 830:3rd 827:2nd 824:1st 175:Type 71:news 4088:and 3592:FEI 3310:FEI 3289:FEI 3268:FEI 3247:FEI 3229:FEI 3211:FEI 3193:FEI 3175:FEI 3157:FEI 3139:FEI 3121:FEI 3103:FEI 3075:FEI 1610:GER 1598:USA 1570:GER 1534:GER 1482:NED 1465:SUI 1442:NED 1425:GER 1413:NED 1401:GER 1377:NED 1365:FRA 1355:GER 1325:NED 1302:NED 1290:NED 1271:AUS 1254:NED 1242:HUN 1232:AUS 1213:NED 1194:NED 1182:AUS 1165:NED 1153:AUS 1141:NED 1090:NED 1078:GER 1036:NED 931:NED 853:NED 325:or 54:by 4304:: 3465:. 3461:. 3403:. 3399:. 3374:. 3349:. 3326:. 3308:. 3287:. 3266:. 3245:. 3227:. 3209:. 3191:. 3173:. 3155:. 3137:. 3119:. 3101:. 3073:. 3053:. 3034:. 2967:. 2963:. 2931:. 2904:. 2498:hu 2472:hu 2446:hu 2390:hu 2334:hu 2308:hu 2282:hu 2256:hu 2230:hu 2204:hu 2113:fr 2087:fr 2061:nl 2020:nl 1975:sv 1930:de 1874:sv 1829:hu 1619:† 1587:de 1551:de 1515:de 1494:de 1454:de 1394:de 1337:fr 1283:fr 1206:fr 1134:fr 1116:fr 1054:fr 1018:fr 991:fr 964:fr 951:fr 918:fr 894:† 879:fr 567:B 539:A 459:, 349:. 195:, 191:, 3553:e 3546:t 3539:v 3477:. 3447:. 3415:. 3084:. 3059:. 3038:. 3019:. 2993:. 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