38:
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252:, the common bully is normally found in mainland areas. These populations have established in land-locked areas due to natural processes. It is thought that these populations of fish inhabited lakes or relatively high in river systems which were eventually blocked off from the sea due to natural processes. In these land-locked environments the common bully is an important prey for larger freshwater fish such as eels and trout.
222:
to New
Zealand, and is present throughout the country. There are three other bully species that can be confused with common bullies. There are few characteristics of the common bully that separate it from other species. Vertical lines present on the cheek are a good defining characteristic, along
235:
zones. Some populations venture into the sea and occur in coastal rivers and streams while other land-locked populations have established in many shallow mainland lakes. They generally prefer moderate to slow moving water which means they are the most likely bully species to be sighted. Its diet
268:
zones of lakes and streams as the females prepare to reproduce. The females attach clusters of a several hundred to a few thousand eggs onto the underside of hard surfaces on the lake bottom where they are fertilized and guarded by the males. The larval stage of bullies are
293:
use the gills of this fish species to transport their larvae to new locations away from their parents. By translocating toitoi into
Zealandia, they hope to help restore the fresh water ecosystem of both Zealandia and its connected waterways.
277:. As the young grow larger they move into deeper waters, and become benthic once they reach about 18mm in length. They mature at around 1 year old and the average generation gap is 2 years.
227:
fish meaning it is able to survive in marine and fresh water environments. It is a small fish only growing as big as 15 cm. It can live in marine, fresh water or
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Michel, Christian; Hicks, Brendan J.; Stƶlting, Kai N.; Clarke, Andrew C.; Stevens, Mark I.; Tana, Ray; Meyer, Axel; van den Heuvel, Michael R. (2008).
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with the location of head pores and scale patterns on the head although these are hard to establish when seen in the wild. It is an
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On the 12th May 2023, Zealandia Te MÄra a TÄne began what is believed to be the first translocation of this species into
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consists mainly of small benthic invertebrates but also involves insect larvae and crustacea.
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West, D.; David, B.; Closs, G.; Allibone, R.; Crow, S.; Franklin, P.; Ling, N. (2014).
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422:"Distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes of an endemic New Zealand eleotrid (
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Rowe, D. K. (1999). "Factors influencing the abundance of the common bully,
426:) ā implications for incipient speciation in island freshwater fish species"
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532:"More than 100 toitoi fish moved to Zealandia to replenish ecosystem"
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19:"Toi toi" redirects here. For the theatre expression, see
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McDowall, in small, North Island, New
Zealand, lakes".
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341:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T197319A2482075.en
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36:
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846:Endemic freshwater fish of New Zealand
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231:water habitats and generally lives in
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813:F77FA528-0769-42DF-8796-6D49628DC06C
787:BA5D640D-F0B8-A709-56D6-B735B656258A
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836:IUCN Red List least concern species
327:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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273:and their main source of food are
264:can be found moving more into the
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506:10.1046/j.1365-2400.1999.00162.x
494:Fisheries Management and Ecology
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530:Brannon, Bailey (2023-05-14).
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244:Apart from a few sightings in
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394:"toitoi - MÄori Dictionary"
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77:Scientific classification
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430:BMC Evolutionary Biology
634:gobiomorphus-cotidianus
620:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
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424:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
320:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
262:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
208:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
186:Gobiomorphus cotidianus
851:Fish described in 1975
556:"Toitoi Translocation"
443:10.1186/1471-2148-8-49
373:NIWA Taihoro Nukurangi
398:maoridictionary.co.nz
334:: e.T197319A2482075.
260:In the summer months
250:Great Barrier Island
47:Conservation status
291:freshwater mussels
168:G. cotidianus
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500:(5): 377ā386.
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369:"Common Bully"
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281:Translocations
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62:Least Concern
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841:Gobiomorphus
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256:Reproduction
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225:amphidromous
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204:common bully
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155:Gobiomorphus
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681:iNaturalist
614:Wikispecies
347:20 November
275:zooplankton
134:Gobiiformes
21:Toi toi toi
830:Categories
565:2023-05-15
541:2023-05-15
403:2020-05-02
298:References
271:planktonic
144:Eleotridae
560:Zealandia
514:1365-2400
452:1471-2148
287:Zealandia
162:Species:
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
699:11093160
655:FishBase
605:Q3521778
599:Wikidata
470:18275608
266:littoral
229:brackish
193:McDowall
140:Family:
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
67:IUCN 3.1
808:ZooBank
673:2386391
461:2270262
233:benthic
220:endemic
150:Genus:
130:Order:
120:Class:
65: (
800:280892
774:448107
761:280892
745:NZOR:
738:226931
725:197319
712:637411
686:410630
629:ARKive
512:
468:
458:
450:
436:: 49.
378:16 May
212:toitoi
210:), or
195:, 1975
795:WoRMS
782:Plazi
694:IRMNG
660:10353
647:6KN7S
216:MÄori
756:OBIS
733:NCBI
720:IUCN
707:ITIS
668:GBIF
510:ISSN
466:PMID
448:ISSN
380:2016
349:2021
332:2014
248:and
202:The
642:CoL
536:RNZ
502:doi
456:PMC
438:doi
336:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
