3254:
1219:
2731:
317:
2804:
6151:
455:
2784:
4678:
2837:
303:
2764:
7528:
1145:
1120:
6981:
7552:
7564:
2975:
2369:, taking a total of 114 seats (they ran a separate list in Slovakia). Thereafter, the Soviet Union was disappointed that the government failed to eliminate "bourgeois" influence in the army, expropriate industrialists and large landowners and eliminate parties outside of the "National Front". Hope in Moscow was waning for a Communist victory in the 1948 elections following a May 1947 Kremlin report concluding that "reactionary elements" praising Western democracy had strengthened.
4622:
1550:
7540:
2719:
137:
38:
2921:
79:
2404:
1043:
3017:. Economic growth rates lagged well behind Czechoslovakia's western European counterparts. Investments made in industry did not yield the results expected, and consumption of energy and raw materials was excessive. Czechoslovak leaders themselves decried the economy's failure to modernize with sufficient speed.
2673:
in 1971) and president of
Czechoslovakia in 1975. Other parties and organizations existed but functioned in subordinate roles to KSČ. All political parties, as well as numerous mass organizations, were grouped under the umbrella of National Front of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Human rights
2634:
The evolution of the resulting harshness of purges in
Czechoslovakia, like much of its history after 1948, was a function of the late takeover by the communists, with many of the purges focusing on the sizable numbers of party members with prior memberships in other parties. The purges accompanied
2419:
and Soviet intervention, capitulated and appointed a
Communist-dominated government who was sworn in two days later. Although members of the other National Front parties still nominally figured, this was, for all intents and purposes, the start of out-and-out Communist rule in the country. Foreign
3177:
After World War II, free health care was available to all citizens. National health planning emphasized preventive medicine; factory and local health-care centers supplemented hospitals and other inpatient institutions. Substantial improvement in rural health care occurred in the 1960s and 1970s.
2444:
until 1960. Although it was not a completely
Communist document, it was close enough to the Soviet model that Beneš refused to sign it. He had resigned a week before it was finally ratified, and died in September. The Ninth-of-May Constitution confirmed that the KSČ possessed absolute power, as
3062:
Foreign Trade: exports estimated at US$ 17.8 billion in 1985, of which 55% was machinery, 14% fuels and materials, and 16% manufactured consumer goods. Imports at estimated US$ 17.9 billion in 1985, of which 41% was fuels and materials, 33% machinery, and 12% agricultural and forestry
3202:(KSČ). Private ownership of any publication or agency of the mass media was generally forbidden, although churches and other organizations published small periodicals and newspapers. Even with this informational monopoly in the hands of organizations under KSČ control, all publications were
3149:
Religion was oppressed and attacked in communist-era
Czechoslovakia. In 1991, 46.4% of Czechoslovaks were Roman Catholics, 29.5% were atheists, 5.3% were Evangelical Lutherans, and 16.7% were n/a, but there were huge differences between the 2 constituent republics – see
404:
403:
443:
442:
441:
408:
440:
395:
2687:
lists, with the latter containing every post that was important to the smooth application of party policy, including military posts, administrative positions, directors of local enterprises, social organization administrators, newspapers, etc. The KSČ's
401:
406:
405:
402:
386:
399:
387:
393:
400:
391:
390:
389:
388:
407:
398:
394:
392:
397:
396:
3059:: minor sector but supplied bulk of domestic food needs. Dependent on large imports of grains (mainly for livestock feed) in years of adverse weather. Meat production constrained by shortage of feed, but high per capita consumption of meat.
2345:
countries were not part of Beneš's plan, Stalin did not object because the plan included property expropriation and he was satisfied with the relative strength of communists in
Czechoslovakia compared to other Eastern Bloc countries.
439:
3066:
Exchange Rate: the official, or commercial, rate was Kcs 5.4 per US$ 1 in 1987, whereas the tourist, or noncommercial, rate was Kcs 10.5 per US$ 1. Neither rate reflected purchasing power. The exchange rate on the
1431:
held 10 of 21 seats, compared with the 15 of 20 seats they had held in the previous cabinet. The
Communist Party continued to hold a strong plurality in government until democratic elections in June 1990 where the
2536:. The movement sought greater political participation and expression in the face of official disapproval, making itself felt by limits on work activities (up to a ban on any professional employment and refusal of
3020:
In the 1950s, Czechoslovakia experienced high economic growth (averaging 7% per year), which allowed for a substantial increase in wages and living standards, thus promoting the stability of the regime.
2517:, social and economic inequities between the Czech and Slovak halves of the country were largely eliminated. Several ministries, such as Education, were formally transferred to the two republics. The
2428:, was found dead two weeks later. On 30 May, a single list of candidates from the National Front, which became an organization dominated by the Communist Party, was elected to the National Assembly.
6959:
6941:
2090:
385:
437:
5799:
1788:
2365:
or "reliable" cadres in
Czechoslovak power positions, and the executive and legislative branches retained their traditional structures. The Communists were the big winners in the
383:
438:
4600:
4697:
2651:(Clementis was later executed). Slánský and eleven others were convicted together of being "Trotskyist-zionist-titoist-bourgeois-nationalist traitors" in one series of
2662:
1853:
779:
2945:); the kraje were abolished temporarily in Slovakia in 1969–1970 and for many functions since 1991 in Czechoslovakia; in addition, the two internal republics, the
2080:
384:
5431:
1218:
7694:
5436:
3949:
2085:
1904:
5065:
4846:
3499:
3172:
2160:
1271:
7689:
3465:
1958:
1889:
2498:
in the late-1960s, Czechoslovakia was characterized by the absence of democracy and competitiveness of its
Western European counterparts as part of the
7123:
6520:
4593:
1315:
7669:
4218:
949:
495:
5789:
3479:
2903:
1267:
154:
51:
316:
6289:
6181:
6052:
5982:
5897:
2144:
7664:
6222:
6171:
5625:
2304:
201:
4586:
173:
7589:
7026:
6876:
6780:
5674:
5238:
4689:
4261:
3315:
3077:
Fiscal Policy: state almost exclusive owner of means of production. Revenues from state enterprises primary source of revenues followed by
1626:
866:
3936:
6128:
6123:
6118:
5887:
5567:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
3649:
2979:
1894:
1718:
6335:
3045:. Industry was wasteful of energy, materials, and labor and slow to upgrade technology, but was a source of high-quality machinery and
2915:
2692:
lists were thought to contain 100,000 post listings. The names of those that the party considered to be trustworthy enough to secure a
454:
180:
7679:
6589:
6542:
5819:
5554:
5094:
4899:
4631:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4254:
3489:
3414:
3091:
2713:
2478:
2474:
2366:
1671:
1279:
1251:
1230:
821:
96:
7629:
7584:
7066:
6840:
6320:
5957:
5922:
5871:
5656:
4937:
4841:
4666:
3347:
3275:
1794:
17:
7056:
6254:
5304:
3458:
3056:
1460:
from the country's original name – "the
Czechoslovak Nation" – upon independence in 1918, from the
1247:
187:
2491:'s Prague Spring liberalisation reforms and strengthened the authoritarian wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ).
7674:
6935:
6364:
5945:
5579:
5472:
5309:
5041:
4793:
4731:
3504:
3393:
3193:
3187:
2655:, after which they were executed and their ashes were mixed with material being used to fill roads on the outskirts of Prague.
2005:
1586:
1308:
1275:
936:
4533:
7186:
6815:
6505:
6269:
6186:
5917:
5120:
5007:
4211:
4158:
4028:
3974:
2330:
1189:
1436:
claimed victory, and a new government was formed on 27 June by Prime Minister Čalfa which led the government until its end.
169:
7594:
7011:
6953:
6196:
6191:
5794:
5769:
5316:
4979:
4359:
3424:
3144:
2709:
2604:
2022:
1839:
1723:
1616:
1581:
1416:
1283:
1243:
1235:
1138:
975:
57:
7684:
7604:
7051:
6045:
4736:
4556:
4392:
3494:
3484:
3326:
3130:
3071:
was around Kcs 30 per US$ 1, and this rate would become official once the currency became convertible in the early 1990s.
2963:
2588:
2450:
1641:
1621:
1523:. During the state's existence, it was simply referred to "Czechoslovakia", or sometimes the "ČSSR" and "ČSR" for short.
1397:
1287:
1239:
923:
6911:
5574:
4868:
4578:
3368:
2408:
2397:
2124:
1367:
897:
7457:
7031:
6756:
6745:
6448:
6411:
6381:
6244:
5962:
5651:
5589:
5100:
4856:
4519:
3597:
3451:
3233:
2552:
2297:
2042:
1913:
1748:
1666:
1596:
1591:
1576:
6406:
6386:
5937:
5764:
5744:
5669:
5584:
5549:
5507:
5105:
4498:
4140:
4122:
4104:
4086:
4064:
4046:
4010:
3992:
3199:
3081:. Large budget expenditures on social programs, subsidies, and investments. Budget usually balanced or small surplus.
2723:
2616:
2354:
1733:
1698:
1636:
1611:
1606:
1428:
1371:
1301:
872:
677:
238:
220:
118:
65:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7619:
7206:
6882:
6515:
6401:
6396:
6284:
6259:
5824:
5635:
5231:
5090:
4971:
4907:
4636:
4484:
4204:
3253:
2529:
2522:
2066:
1834:
1687:
1601:
6888:
6391:
6350:
6264:
6249:
6227:
6159:
5178:
5061:
4851:
3337:
2350:
2261:
1968:
1922:
1646:
1631:
7634:
7452:
7271:
6416:
6210:
6038:
5851:
5749:
5701:
5534:
5462:
4922:
4677:
4651:
4438:
3151:
2592:
2186:
1743:
1728:
1677:
1263:
1015:
322:
158:
5544:
2730:
2400:, followed by the occupation of non-Communist ministers' ministries, while the army was confined to barracks.
7146:
6965:
6582:
6535:
6430:
6345:
6303:
6237:
6140:
5861:
5759:
5539:
5183:
4932:
4661:
4417:
4289:
4177:
3434:
3218:
2886:
Communist-controlled Czechoslovakia was an active participant in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (
2290:
2276:
2010:
1764:
1682:
1560:
1086:
194:
1396:), along with several other state symbols, were changed on 11 July 1960 following the implementation of the
302:
7365:
7294:
7093:
6864:
6820:
6315:
5905:
5604:
5594:
5363:
5168:
5032:
5022:
4861:
4377:
4337:
3305:
2271:
2226:
2181:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1068:
7360:
7178:
7168:
7036:
7021:
7001:
6905:
6870:
6846:
6809:
6510:
6480:
6376:
6108:
5950:
5856:
5630:
5224:
5153:
4927:
4656:
4330:
4318:
4133:
The Fall: A Comparative Study of the End of Communism in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland
3357:
3285:
2994:
1758:
1259:
1255:
1125:
6002:
7518:
7196:
7061:
7046:
6470:
6279:
6113:
6070:
5716:
5599:
5398:
4786:
2358:
2241:
2052:
1769:
591:
554:
100:
89:
2726:. After February 1948, the Communist Party became the only autonomous political entity in the country.
7609:
7599:
7259:
7254:
7236:
7231:
6832:
6624:
6616:
6274:
6135:
5967:
5839:
4547:
4529:
4247:
3524:
3265:
3242:
2950:
2556:
2507:
2483:
In 20–21 August 1968 the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by the Soviet Union and
2470:
2437:
2154:
1383:
910:
840:
7387:
7318:
7136:
7106:
6894:
6575:
5910:
5834:
5467:
5368:
4543:
3519:
2946:
2503:
7624:
7201:
7161:
6739:
6551:
5774:
5279:
5148:
5074:
4878:
3025:
Industry: extractive and manufacturing industries dominated this sector. Major branches included
2236:
1032:
147:
7101:
5027:
1963:
418:
7462:
7444:
7340:
7151:
6852:
5992:
5987:
5927:
5378:
5321:
5267:
5262:
5115:
4449:
2998:
2969:
2095:
1995:
1349:
646:
627:
608:
308:
5017:
3617:
2803:
1975:
7614:
7532:
7335:
7281:
7191:
7141:
7016:
6989:
6684:
6556:
6340:
5502:
5373:
5198:
5110:
5069:
4883:
4779:
3664:
2624:
2610:
2362:
2266:
2251:
2129:
1884:
1865:
1457:
4621:
4075:
2644:
7424:
7345:
7173:
7156:
7080:
7006:
6713:
6078:
6021:
5754:
5664:
5487:
5415:
5383:
5333:
5328:
5046:
3155:
3113:
3013:, and as a result consumer goods were lacking in quantity and quality. This resulted in a
2899:
2441:
2196:
2191:
2171:
1937:
708:
640:
621:
611:
602:
6103:
5997:
1496:
8:
7556:
7485:
7375:
7276:
7220:
7041:
6607:
5784:
5492:
5343:
5296:
5284:
5163:
5142:
5136:
4608:
4405:
4077:
The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts
3645:
3050:
2640:
2385:
2231:
1412:
1060:
6762:
6751:
2783:
2777:
2488:
2381:
2032:
720:
7392:
7241:
6723:
6443:
5779:
5358:
5348:
5173:
5056:
4515:
4464:
4455:
4411:
3983:
Black, Cyril E.; English, Robert D.; Helmreich, Jonathan E.; McAdams, James A. (2000),
2221:
1927:
1874:
1379:
1360:
665:
659:
649:
630:
6701:
2757:
2658:
1508:
7494:
7434:
7429:
7419:
7414:
7306:
7111:
6947:
6727:
6485:
5686:
5452:
5353:
5158:
4196:
4154:
4136:
4118:
4100:
4082:
4060:
4042:
4024:
4006:
3988:
3970:
3403:
3030:
2797:
2670:
2666:
2648:
2548:
2149:
2075:
1932:
1420:
1419:. On 10 December 1989, the National Government of Understanding was established with
1408:
962:
852:
732:
5932:
4039:
Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism
7568:
7402:
7118:
6858:
6672:
6500:
6475:
5477:
4836:
4173:
3295:
3042:
3014:
2987:
2830:
2620:
2537:
2318:
1942:
798:
744:
696:
656:
637:
4097:
Natural Enemies: The United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War, 1917–1991
2850:
2334:
756:
364:
7544:
7499:
7355:
7350:
7328:
6798:
6786:
6768:
6629:
5519:
5051:
5012:
4873:
4510:
4477:
4231:
3570:
3547:
3514:
3034:
2990:
2865:
2763:
2425:
2134:
2037:
1484:
1469:
1424:
1353:
768:
643:
624:
605:
538:
468:
2533:
2322:
810:
7397:
6731:
6634:
6465:
6150:
6061:
5892:
5457:
5193:
5188:
4369:
4228:
3681:
3566:
3543:
3010:
3006:
2560:
2518:
2393:
2246:
2057:
1504:
1476:
1461:
1345:
1166:
533:
338:
4528:ČSR; declared a "people's democracy" (without a formal name change) under the
3950:
Catholics in Communist Czechoslovakia: A Story of Persecution and Perseverance
7578:
6929:
6804:
6792:
6696:
6453:
6098:
5972:
5726:
5482:
5393:
5272:
5203:
5037:
4539:
3509:
3389:
3109:
3046:
2631:, including a purge of 550,000 party members of the KSČ, 30% of its members.
2495:
2373:
2326:
2256:
2119:
2047:
2000:
1784:
662:
618:
599:
584:
580:
562:
510:
497:
4183:
3618:
Vladimir Tismaneanu, Marius Stan, Cambridge University Press, 17 May, 2018,
2974:
1519:, a medieval military unit. Meanwhile, the name "Slovak" was taken from the
7311:
6900:
6774:
6639:
6327:
5977:
5866:
5846:
5388:
4917:
4814:
4802:
4750:
4693:
4646:
4504:
4312:
3078:
3068:
3063:
products. In 1986, about 80% of foreign trade was with communist countries.
2683:
2628:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2446:
2424:, the only prominent Minister still left who was not either a Communist or
2342:
1713:
1539:
1375:
1357:
472:
6030:
3620:
Romania Confronts Its Communist Past: Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice
2836:
2392:
with a plan for the final seizure of power. Thereafter, Soviet Ambassador
7407:
7265:
6706:
6176:
5706:
5691:
5338:
4966:
4755:
4324:
3101:
3096:
After World War II, the country was short on energy, relying on imported
2891:
2652:
2636:
2521:
political control of the Communist Party severely limited the effects of
2484:
2421:
2176:
2166:
1816:
1775:
1753:
1433:
476:
6667:
6649:
6458:
6088:
5216:
3203:
3038:
2938:
2514:
2139:
2017:
1492:
6490:
2540:
to the dissident's children), police harassment and even prison time.
6438:
5247:
4956:
4819:
4610:
3097:
3026:
2734:
Presidential standard of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990),
2544:
2416:
2377:
2027:
1829:
1401:
6567:
4021:
Popular Protest in East Germany, 1945–1989: Judgements on the Street
3671:– Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
136:
6980:
6644:
6598:
5408:
4427:
2564:
2502:. In 1969, the country became a federative republic comprising the
2499:
2201:
1899:
1171:
884:
2718:
7323:
6689:
5721:
5002:
4961:
4760:
4562:
4306:
4302:
4298:
3937:"Vers la décriminalisation de l'homosexualité sous le communisme"
3105:
2920:
2887:
1879:
1823:
1780:
1520:
1512:
1500:
1453:
575:
5497:
5289:
4771:
4552:
2934:
2575:
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was bounded on the west by
2403:
2389:
2376:
funds, and the subsequent scolding of Communist parties by the
2338:
1515:. Modern theories consider it an obscure derivative, e.g. from
1449:
489:
6659:
5711:
5681:
2993:
with links controlled by the communist party, similar to the
2942:
1692:
4073:
Grenville, John Ashley Soames; Wasserstein, Bernard (2001),
3982:
2453:
was promulgated, changing the name of the country from the "
7246:
6677:
6232:
6093:
6083:
5696:
5620:
5562:
3002:
2930:
2674:
activists and religious activists were severely repressed.
1738:
1703:
1566:
3985:
Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since World War II
2372:
Following Czechoslovakia's brief consideration of taking
1415:, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed to the
1091:
4057:
A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century
3005:
and nonferrous ores. Like the rest of the Eastern Bloc,
3198:
The mass media in Czechoslovakia was controlled by the
2895:
2677:
In terms of political appointments, the KSČ maintained
2669:
was elected first secretary of KSČ in 1969 (changed to
2349:
In April 1945, the Third Republic was formed, led by a
1348:
state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under
987:• End of the Government of National Understanding
4226:
1503:
around AD 900. Its further etymology is disputed. The
1427:
led communist government, with a cabinet in which the
7516:
4609:
Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their
3634:
History of Modern Europe Ad 1789–2002: A.D. 1789–2002
3500:
Health and social welfare in Communist Czechoslovakia
3173:
Health and Social Welfare in Communist Czechoslovakia
3166:
2161:
De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania
1188:
All permanent non-Soviet members of the Warsaw Pact,
99:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
4072:
2431:
3116:. Energy constraints were a major factor in 1980s.
2325:, the Czechoslovak leader, agreed to Soviet leader
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4074:
2623:, held a monopoly on politics. Following the 1948
4003:Eastern Europe in the twentieth century and after
2703:
2627:, increased party purges occurred throughout the
2357:'s strength and Beneš's loyalty, unlike in other
7576:
4113:Hardt, John Pearce; Kaufman, Richard F. (1995),
3964:
3898:
3845:
3480:Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia
2904:conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
4497:ČSR; boundaries and government established by
3967:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
3870:
3868:
3866:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3750:
2982:of the State Bank of Czechoslovakia dated 1989
7695:States and territories disestablished in 1990
6583:
6046:
5232:
4787:
4594:
4212:
4188:
4115:East-Central European Economies in Transition
3459:
2583:, on the north by Poland, on the east by the
2298:
1309:
4112:
3910:
3124:
2341:cadre and several domestic reforms of other
2329:'s demands for unconditional agreement with
415:
345:
6060:
3892:
3863:
3851:
3839:
3822:
2909:
1387:
459:The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1989
361:
339:
281:
264:
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7690:States and territories established in 1948
6590:
6576:
6053:
6039:
5239:
5225:
4794:
4780:
4601:
4587:
4460:1944 / 1946 – 1991
4219:
4205:
3692:
3690:
3466:
3452:
3135:Homosexuality was decriminalized in 1962.
2916:Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia
2835:
2305:
2291:
1316:
1302:
1217:
453:
4130:
4054:
3804:
3780:
3768:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3490:Resource base of Communist Czechoslovakia
3092:Resource base of Communist Czechoslovakia
2714:List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia
1444:The official name of the country was the
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
7670:1990 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
5246:
4938:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
4000:
3965:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007),
3874:
3857:
3833:
3702:
3650:Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence
2973:
2919:
2729:
2717:
2407:Pro-Communist demonstrations before the
2402:
1010:127,900 km (49,400 sq mi)
95:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4513:of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia.
3904:
3687:
3660:
3658:
2619:(KSČ) led initially by First Secretary
2415:On 25 February 1948, Beneš, fearful of
1386:became effective. The traditional name
14:
7577:
6936:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
5042:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4148:
4094:
4055:Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2005),
4036:
3880:
3816:
3792:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3552:Československá socialistická republika
3505:Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia
3194:Eastern Bloc information dissemination
3188:Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia
3161:
283:Československá socialistická republika
27:Republic in Central Europe (1948–1989)
7665:1948 establishments in Czechoslovakia
6597:
6571:
6034:
5220:
5008:1949 East German State Railway strike
4980:World Federation of Democratic Youth
4775:
4582:
4200:
4187:
3560:
3537:
2479:History of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)
2475:History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)
2440:on 9 June 1948, the country became a
1400:as a symbol of the "final victory of
1374:seized power with the support of the
6954:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
4879:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan
4360:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
4018:
3886:
3655:
3145:Religion in Communist Czechoslovakia
2881:
2875:21 December 1989 – 1 September 1990
2860:24 November 1989 – 20 December 1989
2845:17 December 1987 – 24 November 1989
2710:List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
2605:Politics of Communist Czechoslovakia
2530:dissident movement in Czechoslovakia
1840:World Federation of Democratic Youth
1507:derives it from an eponymous leader
1417:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
1139:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
159:adding citations to reliable sources
130:
72:
31:
7590:History of Czechoslovakia by period
4393:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
3495:Society of Communist Czechoslovakia
3485:Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia
3131:Society of Communist Czechoslovakia
3001:, but was dependent on imports for
2964:Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia
2543:In late 1989, the country became a
2451:1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
2445:other Communist parties had in the
1448:. The name also means "Land of the
1398:1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
24:
5101:Sovietization of the Baltic states
3167:Health, social welfare and housing
2898:and its specialized agencies, and
1914:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
1475:The name "Czech" derives from the
25:
7706:
4972:World Federation of Trade Unions
4167:
4151:Stalin and the Cold War in Europe
3208:Office for Press and Information.
3200:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
2724:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
2617:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
2432:Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960)
1429:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1407:In April 1990, shortly after the
1372:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1332:, known from 1948 to 1960 as the
170:"Czechoslovak Socialist Republic"
47:This article has multiple issues.
7680:1990 disestablishments in Europe
7562:
7550:
7538:
7526:
7207:Slovak Government Flying Service
6979:
6883:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
6757:Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
6746:High Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
6149:
5189:January 1991 events in Lithuania
4847:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
4801:
4676:
4620:
3348:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
3252:
3104:from the Soviet Union, domestic
3085:
2941:; divided in 109–114 districts (
2815:17 April 1969 – 17 December 1987
2802:
2782:
2762:
2532:, represented (among others) by
2361:countries, USSR did not require
1835:World Federation of Trade Unions
1548:
1143:
1118:
1041:
435:
381:
315:
301:
135:
77:
36:
7630:Communism in the Czech Republic
7585:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
6924:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
4913:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
4349:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
3943:
3929:
3924:A People's History of the World
3916:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3636:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
3598:"Human Development Report 1990"
3379:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
3119:
2792:5 January 1968 – 17 April 1969
2772:14 March 1953 – 5 January 1968
2459:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
2353:of six parties. Because of the
1446:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1423:as Prime Minister, replacing a
1330:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1211:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
272:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
146:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
5745:Azerbaijan People's Government
4041:, Taylor & Francis Group,
3684:". Retrieved 11 February 2011.
3680:Online Etymology Dictionary. "
3674:
3639:
3626:
3611:
3590:
2823:as General Secretary 1971–1987
2704:Leaders of the Communist Party
2665:of the KSČ from 1953 to 1968.
2528:The 1970s saw the rise of the
1042:
13:
1:
7675:1948 establishments in Europe
7067:World Heritage Sites (UNESCO)
5194:January 1991 events in Latvia
5184:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
4933:Socialist Republic of Romania
4908:People's Republic of Bulgaria
4900:People's Republic of Albania
4869:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
4178:Blinken Open Society Archives
3958:
3435:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
3181:
2277:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1531:
1491:, originally the name of the
1378:, the country was declared a
6918:Fourth Czechoslovak Republic
6877:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
6865:Second Czechoslovak Republic
6821:Demands of the Slovak Nation
6781:Principality of Transylvania
5179:Collapse of the Soviet Union
5169:Fall of communism in Albania
4153:, Rowman & Littlefield,
3899:Bideleux & Jeffries 2007
3846:Bideleux & Jeffries 2007
3530:
3306:Second Czechoslovak Republic
2819:as First Secretary 1969–1971
2570:
2464:
2359:Central and Eastern European
2272:Fall of communism in Albania
2227:Polish Round Table Agreement
2182:Cuban intervention in Angola
1368:coup d'état of February 1948
1338:Fourth Czechoslovak Republic
7:
7595:Communism in Czechoslovakia
6906:Third Czechoslovak Republic
6871:Autonomous Land of Slovakia
6847:First Czechoslovak Republic
6109:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
5785:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
5154:End of communism in Hungary
4923:Hungarian People's Republic
4538:ČSSR; from 1969, after the
4037:Frucht, Richard C. (2003),
3358:Third Czechoslovak Republic
3286:First Czechoslovak Republic
3223:
3212:
3138:
3074:Fiscal Year: calendar year.
2953:, were established in 1969.
2598:
1660:Allied and satellite states
1192:, were "European colonies".
1126:Third Czechoslovak Republic
430:’Lightning Over the Tatras’
10:
7711:
7685:Politics of Czechoslovakia
7605:Former socialist republics
4918:German Democratic Republic
4131:Saxonberg, Steven (2001),
4095:Grogin, Robert C. (2001),
3669:Collins English Dictionary
3583:
3219:Czechoslovak People's Army
3216:
3191:
3185:
3170:
3142:
3128:
3089:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2913:
2707:
2696:post were compiled on the
2608:
2602:
2468:
1526:
1468: – via its
7479:
7443:
7383:
7374:
7302:
7293:
7228:
7219:
7092:
7088:
7079:
6997:
6988:
6977:
6942:Slovak Socialist Republic
6831:
6722:
6658:
6615:
6606:
6529:
6429:
6372:
6363:
6311:
6302:
6218:
6209:
6167:
6158:
6147:
6069:
6019:
5880:
5812:
5737:
5644:
5613:
5527:
5516:
5445:
5424:
5255:
5129:
5106:Information dissemination
5083:
5033:1956 Hungarian Revolution
5023:1953 East German uprising
4991:
4949:
4892:
4829:
4809:
4746:
4727:
4685:
4674:
4627:
4618:
4548:Slovak Socialist Republic
4530:Ninth-of-May Constitution
4526:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4463:
4454:
4433:
4426:
4410:
4403:
4390:
4375:
4368:
4357:
4346:
4335:
4328:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4296:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4194:
4189:Links to related articles
3667:. CollinsDictionary.com.
3605:Human Development Reports
3525:Slovak Socialist Republic
3266:Origins of Czechoslovakia
3125:Society and social groups
2986:The CSSR's economy was a
2951:Slovak Socialist Republic
2647:, Ladislav Novomeský and
2508:Slovak Socialist Republic
2471:History of Czechoslovakia
2449:. On 11 July 1960, the
2438:Ninth-of-May Constitution
2197:1984 Los Angeles Olympics
1499:subdued its neighbors in
1487:, from the archaic Czech
1384:Ninth-of-May Constitution
1272:Health and social welfare
1180:
1159:
1097:
1085:
1077:
1067:
1056:
1031:
1021:
1014:
1004:
999:
995:
985:
972:
959:
946:
933:
920:
911:Ninth-of-May Constitution
907:
894:
890:
880:
862:
858:
846:
836:• 1948–1953 (first)
834:
830:
820:
816:
804:
794:• 1948–1953 (first)
792:
788:
778:
774:
762:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
690:
686:
676:
590:
574:
547:
526:
482:
464:
452:
416:
362:
356:
333:
297:
292:
253:
6912:Czechoslovak coup d'état
6895:Slovak National Uprising
6223:Administrative divisions
5091:Emigration and defection
4928:Polish People's Republic
4544:Czech Socialist Republic
4174:RFE/RL Czechoslovak Unit
4149:Wettig, Gerhard (2008),
4081:, Taylor & Francis,
4001:Crampton, R. J. (1997),
3911:Hardt & Kaufman 1995
3575:Československá republika
3520:Czech Socialist Republic
2947:Czech Socialist Republic
2910:Administrative divisions
2902:; it was a signatory of
2504:Czech Socialist Republic
2337:. While Beneš was not a
2018:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990
1389:Československá republika
1352:, and was regarded as a
976:Constitutional amendment
848:• 1989–1990 (last)
806:• 1989–1990 (last)
266:Československá republika
18:Communist Czechoslovakia
7660:1980s in Czechoslovakia
7655:1970s in Czechoslovakia
7650:1960s in Czechoslovakia
7645:1950s in Czechoslovakia
7640:1940s in Czechoslovakia
7620:Soviet satellite states
6816:Slovak National Council
6799:Austro-Hungarian Empire
6740:Principality of Hungary
5795:North Korea (1947–1948)
5790:North Korea (1946–1947)
5149:Fall of the Berlin Wall
5075:1981 protests in Kosovo
5013:Rebellion of Cazin 1950
2929:1960–1992: 10 regions (
2487:. The invasion stopped
2262:End of the Soviet Union
2237:Fall of the Berlin Wall
1797: (until 1948)
1772: (until 1977)
1761: (until 1989)
1695: (until 1961)
1674: (until 1961)
1511:who led the tribe into
1439:
1205:Part of a series on the
527:Official languages
6853:Slovak Soviet Republic
6841:Washington Declaration
6660:Medieval Slavic states
5517:Current and historical
4450:Subcarpathian Ruthenia
4435:Southern Slovakia and
3574:
3551:
3276:Washington Declaration
2999:metallurgical industry
2983:
2970:Eastern Bloc economies
2925:
2924:Czechoslovakia in 1969
2735:
2727:
2591:) and on the south by
2412:
1951:Protests and uprisings
1388:
346:
340:
282:
265:
7635:Communism in Slovakia
6889:First Slovak Republic
6685:Principality of Nitra
6495:(architectural style)
5199:Breakup of Yugoslavia
4499:the 1920 constitution
4019:Dale, Gareth (2005),
3192:Further information:
2977:
2968:Further information:
2923:
2733:
2721:
2639:, including those of
2611:Eastern Bloc politics
2609:Further information:
2559:the country into the
2455:Czechoslovak Republic
2436:After passage of the
2406:
2398:communist coup d'état
2363:Eastern Bloc politics
2331:Soviet foreign policy
2267:Post-Soviet conflicts
2252:Breakup of Yugoslavia
2155:Albanian–Soviet split
1866:Anti-Soviet partisans
1809:Related organizations
1505:traditional etymology
1394:Czechoslovak Republic
1334:Czechoslovak Republic
256:Czechoslovak Republic
6714:Balaton Principality
6521:World Heritage Sites
6336:Oil and gas deposits
6022:History of socialism
5047:1970 Polish protests
5028:1956 Poznań protests
4893:Soviet-allied states
3413:
3388:
3367:
3336:
3325:
3206:by the government's
3114:hydroelectric energy
2900:Non-Aligned Movement
2247:Barricades in Latvia
2192:1980 Moscow Olympics
2172:Cuban Missile Crisis
1268:Government structure
937:Warsaw Pact invasion
419:Nad Tatrou sa blýska
155:improve this article
88:factual accuracy is
7057:Traditional regions
6707:Svatopluk the Great
5958:Estonia (1918–1919)
5852:Hungary (1949–1989)
5164:Romanian revolution
5137:Revolutions of 1989
5018:1953 Plzeň uprising
4542:, consisted of the
4487:government-in-exile
4099:, Lexington Books,
3632:Rao, B. V. (2006),
3425:Federative Republic
3327:Bohemia and Moravia
3162:Culture and society
3051:communist countries
2978:Obverse of the 100
2937:, and (since 1970)
2739:
2567:on 1 January 1993.
2384:in September 1947,
2232:Revolutions of 1989
1061:Czechoslovak koruna
507: /
7272:Telecommunications
6793:Kingdom of Hungary
6724:Kingdom of Hungary
5923:Byelorussia (1919)
5174:Singing Revolution
5057:June 1976 protests
4842:Soviet occupations
4522:(1939–1945).
4511:autonomous regions
4509:ČSR; included the
4469:1991–present
4465:Zakarpattia Oblast
4456:Zakarpattia Oblast
4439:Carpathian Ukraine
4412:Kingdom of Hungary
3987:, Westview Press,
3795:, pp. 134–135
3783:, pp. 370–371
3009:were favored over
2984:
2926:
2857:General Secretary
2842:General Secretary
2811:General Secretary
2809:First Secretary /
2738:
2736:
2728:
2645:Vladimír Clementis
2547:again through the
2413:
2222:Singing Revolution
1996:Novocherkassk 1962
1404:" in the country.
1380:socialist republic
1361:sphere of interest
666:socialist republic
650:socialist republic
631:socialist republic
475:and member of the
376:’Where my home is’
7514:
7513:
7508:
7507:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7289:
7288:
7215:
7214:
7187:Political parties
7179:National Council
7147:Foreign relations
7132:
7131:
7112:Patriarchal cross
7075:
7074:
6975:
6974:
6948:Velvet Revolution
6775:Province of Budin
6728:Habsburg monarchy
6565:
6564:
6425:
6424:
6359:
6358:
6298:
6297:
6290:Political parties
6255:Foreign relations
6205:
6204:
6104:Přemyslid dynasty
6028:
6027:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6010:
5808:
5807:
5550:Congo-Brazzaville
5446:Regional variants
5214:
5213:
5159:Velvet Revolution
5121:Telephone tapping
5095:list of defectors
4884:Tito–Stalin split
4769:
4768:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4470:
4461:
4424:
4399:
4388:
4366:
4355:
4344:
4160:978-0-7425-5542-6
4030:978-0-7146-5408-9
3976:978-0-415-36626-7
3476:
3475:
3443:
3442:
3404:Velvet Revolution
3316:German occupation
2997:. It had a large
2988:centrally planned
2882:Foreign relations
2879:
2878:
2824:
2820:
2671:General Secretary
2625:Tito–Stalin split
2555:decided it would
2549:Velvet Revolution
2442:People's Republic
2315:
2314:
2150:Sino-Soviet split
2130:Tito–Stalin split
2125:Czechoslovak coup
2103:
2102:
2043:Ukraine 1989–1991
1981:East Germany 1953
1923:Soviet occupation
1497:Přemyslid dynasty
1493:West Slavic tribe
1409:Velvet Revolution
1326:
1325:
1200:
1199:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1131:
1130:
963:Velvet Revolution
867:National Assembly
841:Antonín Zápotocký
764:• 1989–1990
740:• 1987–1989
728:• 1969–1987
716:• 1968–1969
704:• 1953–1968
692:• 1948–1953
678:General Secretary
612:people's republic
555:Roman Catholicism
511:50.083°N 14.417°E
444:
409:
249:
248:
241:
231:
230:
223:
205:
129:
128:
121:
70:
16:(Redirected from
7702:
7610:Former republics
7600:Communist states
7567:
7566:
7565:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7522:
7488:
7381:
7380:
7366:Remembrance days
7300:
7299:
7250:
7226:
7225:
7182:
7094:National symbols
7090:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7012:Cities and towns
6995:
6994:
6983:
6763:Battle of Mohács
6752:Matthew III Csák
6613:
6612:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6569:
6568:
6545:
6538:
6496:
6370:
6369:
6331:
6309:
6308:
6216:
6215:
6172:Cities and towns
6165:
6164:
6153:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6032:
6031:
5878:
5877:
5735:
5734:
5525:
5524:
5520:socialist states
5399:African-American
5241:
5234:
5227:
5218:
5217:
5003:Goryani Movement
4983:
4975:
4941:
4903:
4837:Yalta Conference
4796:
4789:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4680:
4624:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4488:
4468:
4459:
4442:
4441:
4422:
4397:
4386:
4382:
4364:
4353:
4342:
4241:
4240:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4197:
4185:
4184:
4163:
4145:
4127:
4109:
4091:
4080:
4069:
4051:
4033:
4015:
3997:
3979:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3939:. February 2017.
3933:
3927:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3662:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3624:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3577:
3564:
3558:
3541:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3296:Munich Agreement
3262:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3228:
3227:
3015:shortage economy
2839:
2822:
2818:
2806:
2789:First Secretary
2786:
2778:Alexander Dubček
2769:First Secretary
2766:
2740:
2737:
2621:Klement Gottwald
2553:Federal Assembly
2538:higher education
2489:Alexander Dubček
2382:Szklarska Poręba
2319:Prague Offensive
2307:
2300:
2293:
2216:
2163:
2114:
1959:Poland 1944–1989
1943:Operation Jungle
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1810:
1661:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1391:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1221:
1202:
1201:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
968:24 November 1989
924:CSSR established
903:25 February 1948
873:Federal Assembly
799:Klement Gottwald
721:Alexander Dubček
697:Klement Gottwald
641:Marxist-Leninist
622:Marxist-Leninist
603:Marxist-Leninist
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
512:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
485:and largest city
457:
446:
445:
431:
427:
423:
422:
411:
410:
377:
373:
369:
368:
352:"Truth prevails"
349:
343:
319:
305:
287:
286:
285:
277:
269:
268:
261:
251:
250:
244:
237:
226:
219:
215:
212:
206:
204:
163:
139:
131:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
101:reliably sourced
81:
80:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
7710:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7563:
7561:
7551:
7549:
7539:
7537:
7527:
7525:
7517:
7515:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7491:
7484:
7467:
7439:
7370:
7361:Public holidays
7329:List of Slovaks
7285:
7248:
7211:
7180:
7169:Law enforcement
7128:
7071:
7052:Tourism regions
7037:Protected areas
6984:
6971:
6960:Slovak Republic
6859:Munich Betrayal
6827:
6810:Slovak Uprising
6787:Austrian Empire
6769:Ottoman Hungary
6730:
6726:
6718:
6702:House of Mojmír
6654:
6630:Pannonian Limes
6602:
6596:
6566:
6561:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6506:Public holidays
6494:
6421:
6355:
6329:
6294:
6270:Law enforcement
6201:
6187:Protected areas
6154:
6145:
6129:1867–1918
6124:1648–1867
6119:1526–1648
6079:Únětice culture
6065:
6059:
6029:
6024:
6007:
5988:Slovakia (1919)
5888:Alsace-Lorraine
5876:
5804:
5733:
5640:
5609:
5518:
5512:
5441:
5420:
5251:
5245:
5215:
5210:
5125:
5079:
5066:Soviet reaction
5052:Croatian Spring
4996:
4994:
4987:
4981:
4973:
4945:
4939:
4901:
4888:
4874:Berlin Blockade
4825:
4824:
4805:
4800:
4770:
4765:
4742:
4739:
4723:
4720:
4681:
4672:
4669:
4625:
4614:
4607:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4560:
4551:
4537:
4523:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4486:
4478:Austria-Hungary
4467:
4458:
4437:
4436:
4423:1939–1945
4421:
4418:Slovak Republic
4398:1939–1945
4396:
4387:1938–1939
4385:
4380:
4379:
4365:1990–1992
4363:
4354:1960–1990
4352:
4343:1948–1960
4341:
4338:Fourth Republic
4313:Austrian Empire
4305:
4301:
4283:1989–1992
4276:1948–1989
4269:1945–1948
4262:1938–1945
4255:1918–1938
4234:
4225:
4190:
4170:
4161:
4143:
4125:
4117:, M.E. Sharpe,
4107:
4089:
4067:
4049:
4031:
4013:
3995:
3977:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3663:
3656:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3616:
3612:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3565:
3561:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3515:Captive Nations
3472:
3415:Post-revolution
3338:Slovak Republic
3244:
3237:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3122:
3094:
3088:
3035:food processing
2991:command economy
2972:
2966:
2960:
2918:
2912:
2884:
2866:Ladislav Adamec
2821:
2816:
2758:Antonín Novotny
2716:
2706:
2663:First Secretary
2659:Antonín Novotny
2613:
2607:
2601:
2573:
2551:. In 1992, the
2481:
2469:Main articles:
2467:
2434:
2426:fellow traveler
2355:Communist Party
2311:
2282:
2281:
2217:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2159:
2135:Berlin Blockade
2115:
2113:Cold War events
2112:
2105:
2104:
2028:Kazakhstan 1986
1859:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1442:
1425:Ladislav Adamec
1354:satellite state
1322:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1196:
1195:
1176:
1144:
1119:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1024:
1023:• Estimate
1007:
988:
978:
965:
952:
939:
926:
913:
900:
875:
871:
869:
849:
837:
807:
795:
769:Ladislav Adamec
765:
753:
741:
729:
717:
709:Antonín Novotný
705:
693:
672:
668:
652:
633:
614:
585:Czechoslovakian
570:
543:
515:
513:
509:
506:
501:
498:
496:
494:
493:
492:
486:
469:Satellite state
460:
448:
447:
436:
432:
429:
428:
425:
414:
413:
412:
382:
378:
375:
374:
371:
351:
337:
329:
328:
327:
324:
320:
312:
311:
306:
288:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
270:
263:
262:
259:
258:
245:
234:
233:
232:
227:
216:
210:
207:
164:
162:
152:
140:
125:
114:
108:
105:
94:
86:This article's
82:
78:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7708:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7625:Atheist states
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7572:
7571:
7559:
7547:
7535:
7533:Czech Republic
7512:
7511:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7490:
7489:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7430:Shepherd's axe
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7395:
7390:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7303:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7262:
7260:Stock exchange
7257:
7252:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7197:Prime Minister
7194:
7189:
7184:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7032:National parks
7029:
7027:Municipalities
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6966:Velvet Divorce
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6898:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6837:
6835:
6833:Czechoslovakia
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6807:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6749:
6743:
6736:
6734:
6732:Ottoman Empire
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6635:Danubian Limes
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601: articles
6595:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6547:
6546:
6539:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:Stock Exchange
6338:
6333:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6233:Municipalities
6230:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6197:Urban planning
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6141:Czech Republic
6138:
6136:Czechoslovakia
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064: articles
6062:Czech Republic
6058:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Hungary (1919)
5965:
5960:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5835:Czech Republic
5830:Czechoslovakia
5827:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5770:Inner Mongolia
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5750:East Turkestan
5747:
5741:
5739:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5522:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5432:United Kingdom
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5391:
5389:United Kingdom
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:Czechoslovakia
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4532:following the
4525:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4462:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4414:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4381: Republic
4373:
4372:
4370:Czech Republic
4367:
4356:
4345:
4334:
4331:Third Republic
4327:
4322:
4319:First Republic
4315:
4310:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4169:
4168:External links
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4146:
4141:
4128:
4123:
4110:
4105:
4092:
4087:
4070:
4065:
4052:
4047:
4034:
4029:
4016:
4011:
3998:
3993:
3980:
3975:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3942:
3928:
3922:Chris Harman,
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3821:
3809:
3805:Saxonberg 2001
3797:
3785:
3781:Grenville 2005
3773:
3769:Grenville 2005
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3686:
3673:
3654:
3646:Masaryk, Tomáš
3638:
3625:
3610:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3559:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3245:Czechoslovakia
3239:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3217:Main article:
3214:
3211:
3186:Main article:
3183:
3180:
3171:Main article:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3152:Czech Republic
3143:Main article:
3140:
3137:
3129:Main article:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3090:Main article:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3011:consumer goods
3007:producer goods
2962:Main article:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2914:Main article:
2911:
2908:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2705:
2702:
2641:Rudolf Slánský
2603:Main article:
2600:
2597:
2572:
2569:
2561:Czech Republic
2523:federalization
2466:
2463:
2433:
2430:
2394:Valerian Zorin
2386:Rudolf Slánský
2367:1946 elections
2351:National Front
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2242:January Events
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2053:Lithuania 1991
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:Czechoslovakia
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1441:
1438:
1366:Following the
1350:communist rule
1342:Czechoslovakia
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:except Romania
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1167:Czech Republic
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1039:
1037:(1990 formula)
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
973:
970:
969:
966:
960:
957:
956:
955:1 January 1969
953:
950:Federation law
947:
944:
943:
942:21 August 1968
940:
934:
931:
930:
927:
921:
918:
917:
914:
908:
905:
904:
901:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
882:
881:Historical era
878:
877:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
850:
847:
844:
843:
838:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
822:Prime Minister
818:
817:
814:
813:
808:
805:
802:
801:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
776:
775:
772:
771:
766:
763:
760:
759:
754:
751:
748:
747:
742:
739:
736:
735:
730:
727:
724:
723:
718:
715:
712:
711:
706:
703:
700:
699:
694:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
654:
635:
616:
596:
594:
588:
587:
578:
572:
571:
569:
568:
560:
551:
549:
545:
544:
542:
541:
536:
530:
528:
524:
523:
516:50.083; 14.417
487:
484:
480:
479:
466:
462:
461:
458:
450:
449:
434:
433:
380:
379:
354:
353:
331:
330:
321:
314:
313:
307:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
254:
247:
246:
229:
228:
143:
141:
134:
127:
126:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7707:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7570:
7560:
7558:
7548:
7546:
7536:
7534:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7487:
7483:
7482:
7478:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7346:Identity card
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7255:Privatisation
7253:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6987:
6982:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6930:Prague Spring
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:Upper Hungary
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6697:Great Moravia
6695:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6673:Samo's Empire
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6600:
6593:
6588:
6586:
6581:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6182:Geomorphology
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Great Moravia
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6044:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6023:
6018:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5938:Crimea (1919)
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5800:South Vietnam
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5728:
5727:North Vietnam
5725:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5437:United States
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5394:United States
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5273:New Australia
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5249:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5205:
5204:Yugoslav Wars
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5038:Prague Spring
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:Organizations
4948:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:Baltic states
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4690:Soviet Russia
4688:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4612:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4567:
4564:
4558:
4557:Ukrainian SSR
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4540:Prague Spring
4535:
4531:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4489:
4485:Czechoslovak
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4432:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4383:
4374:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4142:90-5823-097-X
4138:
4135:, Routledge,
4134:
4129:
4126:
4124:1-56324-612-0
4120:
4116:
4111:
4108:
4106:0-7391-0160-9
4102:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4088:0-415-23798-X
4084:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4066:0-415-28954-8
4062:
4059:, Routledge,
4058:
4053:
4050:
4048:0-203-80109-1
4044:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4023:, Routledge,
4022:
4017:
4014:
4012:0-415-16422-2
4008:
4005:, Routledge,
4004:
3999:
3996:
3994:0-8133-3664-3
3990:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3972:
3969:, Routledge,
3968:
3963:
3962:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3932:
3926:, 1999, p 625
3925:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3901:, p. 474
3900:
3895:
3888:
3883:
3877:, p. 249
3876:
3875:Crampton 1997
3871:
3869:
3867:
3860:, p. 270
3859:
3858:Crampton 1997
3854:
3848:, p. 477
3847:
3842:
3836:, p. 262
3835:
3834:Crampton 1997
3830:
3828:
3826:
3819:, p. 135
3818:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3771:, p. 371
3770:
3765:
3759:, p. 134
3758:
3753:
3747:, p. 138
3746:
3741:
3735:, p. 110
3734:
3729:
3723:, p. 152
3722:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3635:
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3623:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Prague Spring
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:Prague Spring
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3136:
3132:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3086:Resource base
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2989:
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2976:
2971:
2965:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2851:Karel Urbánek
2849:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2814:
2812:
2808:
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2701:
2699:
2695:
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2685:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2596:
2595:and Austria.
2594:
2590:
2589:Ukrainian SSR
2586:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:Prague Spring
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:Marshall Plan
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2335:Beneš decrees
2332:
2328:
2327:Joseph Stalin
2324:
2320:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Yugoslav Wars
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Secret Speech
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Marshall Plan
2118:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:North Vietnam
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
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1727:
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1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
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1590:
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1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:November 1989
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Resource base
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:Foreign trade
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:Today part of
1158:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
984:
981:23 April 1990
980:
977:
971:
967:
964:
958:
954:
951:
945:
941:
938:
932:
928:
925:
919:
915:
912:
906:
902:
899:
893:
889:
886:
883:
879:
874:
868:
865:
861:
857:
854:
851:
845:
842:
839:
833:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
812:
809:
803:
800:
797:
791:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
761:
758:
757:Karel Urbánek
755:
749:
746:
743:
737:
734:
731:
725:
722:
719:
713:
710:
707:
701:
698:
695:
689:
685:
681:
679:
675:
667:
664:
663:parliamentary
661:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:parliamentary
645:
642:
639:
636:
632:
629:
628:parliamentary
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
609:parliamentary
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
595:
593:
589:
586:
582:
579:
577:
573:
567:
564:
563:State atheism
561:
559:
556:
553:
552:
550:
546:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
529:
525:
520:
491:
488:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
456:
451:
420:
366:
365:Kde domov můj
359:
355:
350:
348:
347:Pravda víťazí
342:
341:Pravda vítězí
336:
332:
326:
318:
310:
304:
296:
291:
284:
273:
267:
257:
252:
243:
240:
225:
222:
214:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172: –
171:
167:
166:Find sources:
160:
156:
150:
149:
144:This article
142:
138:
133:
132:
123:
120:
112:
102:
98:
92:
91:
84:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
7615:Eastern Bloc
7557:Soviet Union
7388:Architecture
7319:Demographics
7237:Central bank
7181:(parliament)
7157:Human rights
7137:Constitution
7107:Coat of arms
6923:
6917:
6901:Iron Curtain
6812:(1848–1849)
6491:
6449:Coat of arms
6444:Architecture
6412:Prostitution
6382:Demographics
6245:Constitution
5898:Baranya–Baja
5867:Soviet Union
5847:East Germany
5829:
5545:Burkina Faso
5141:
4912:
4815:Soviet Union
4803:Eastern Bloc
4751:Eastern Bloc
4694:Soviet Union
4647:East Germany
4641:
4527:
4505:Nazi Germany
4496:
4448:
4434:
4416:
4404:
4391:
4376:
4358:
4348:
4347:
4336:
4329:
4317:
4297:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4229:Czechoslovak
4227:Timeline of
4150:
4132:
4114:
4096:
4076:
4056:
4038:
4020:
4002:
3984:
3966:
3945:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3913:, p. 17
3906:
3894:
3889:, p. 85
3882:
3853:
3841:
3812:
3807:, p. 15
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3711:, p. 86
3704:
3699:, p. 45
3676:
3668:
3641:
3633:
3628:
3619:
3613:
3604:
3592:
3562:
3555:
3539:
3378:
3207:
3197:
3176:
3148:
3134:
3120:Demographics
3095:
3079:turnover tax
3069:black market
3019:
2995:Soviet Union
2985:
2980:Kčs banknote
2885:
2817:
2810:
2798:Gustáv Husák
2722:Flag of the
2697:
2694:nomenklatura
2693:
2690:nomenklatura
2689:
2684:nomenklatura
2682:
2678:
2676:
2667:Gustáv Husák
2657:
2649:Gustáv Husák
2633:
2629:Eastern Bloc
2614:
2585:Soviet Union
2581:East Germany
2577:West Germany
2574:
2542:
2534:Václav Havel
2527:
2512:
2493:
2482:
2458:
2454:
2447:Eastern Bloc
2435:
2414:
2388:returned to
2371:
2348:
2343:Eastern Bloc
2323:Edvard Beneš
2316:
2091:to Hong Kong
2086:East Germany
2038:Tbilisi 1989
2023:Romania 1977
1991:Hungary 1956
1986:Georgia 1956
1822:
1815:
1714:East Germany
1708:
1541:Eastern Bloc
1516:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1472:orthography
1465:
1445:
1443:
1421:Marián Čalfa
1406:
1393:
1376:Soviet Union
1365:
1346:Czechoslovak
1341:
1340:, or simply
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1264:Demographics
1229:
1228:
1210:
1186:
1108:Succeeded by
1107:
1102:
1087:Internet TLD
1078:Calling code
1006:• Total
991:27 June 1990
929:11 July 1960
853:Marián Čalfa
811:Václav Havel
752:• 1989
733:Gustáv Husák
581:Czechoslovak
565:
557:
473:Soviet Union
357:
335:Motto:
334:
271:
255:
235:
217:
208:
198:
191:
184:
177:
165:
153:Please help
148:verification
145:
115:
106:
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
7266:Tatra Tiger
7202:Referendums
7007:Carpathians
6962:(1990–1992)
6956:(1990–1992)
6944:(1969–1990)
6926:(1960–1990)
6920:(1948–1960)
6908:(1945–1948)
6891:(1939–1945)
6885:(1939–1945)
6879:(1938–1945)
6873:(1938–1939)
6867:(1938–1939)
6849:(1918–1938)
6801:(1867–1918)
6795:(1526–1867)
6789:(1804–1867)
6783:(1570–1711)
6777:(1541–1686)
6771:(1541–1699)
6759:(1301–1526)
6748:(1000–1301)
6486:Nationalism
6407:LGBT rights
6387:Drug policy
6321:Electricity
6177:Czech lands
6114:Czech lands
5881:Short-lived
5738:Short-lived
5707:South Yemen
5692:North Korea
5652:Afghanistan
5369:New Zealand
5364:Netherlands
5130:Dissolution
5070:Martial law
4993:Revolts and
4967:Warsaw Pact
4756:Warsaw Pact
4732:Byelorussia
4503:Annexed by
4325:Sudetenland
4290:1993–
4180:, Budapest.
3817:Grogin 2001
3793:Grogin 2001
3757:Grogin 2001
3745:Wettig 2008
3733:Wettig 2008
3721:Wettig 2008
3709:Wettig 2008
3697:Wettig 2008
3369:Coup d'état
3243:History of
3102:natural gas
3057:Agriculture
2892:Warsaw Pact
2831:Miloš Jakeš
2653:show trials
2637:show trials
2519:centralized
2494:Except the
2485:Warsaw Pact
2422:Jan Masaryk
2409:coup d'état
2396:arranged a
2317:Before the
2177:Vietnam War
2167:Berlin Wall
2096:North Korea
2033:Brașov 1987
2001:Prague 1968
1964:Poznań 1956
1817:Warsaw Pact
1776:South Yemen
1754:North Korea
1667:Afghanistan
1587:Byelorussia
1434:Civic Forum
1370:, when the
1248:Agriculture
1103:Preceded by
1046: 0.931
898:Coup d'etat
876:(1969–1990)
870:(1948–1969)
863:Legislature
745:Miloš Jakeš
669:(1989–1990)
660:multi-party
653:(1969–1989)
634:(1960–1969)
615:(1948–1960)
514: /
477:Warsaw Pact
325:(1960–1990)
276:(1960–1990)
260:(1948–1960)
211:August 2023
109:August 2023
7579:Categories
7463:Television
7453:Newspapers
7415:Literature
7341:Healthcare
7249:(currency)
7152:Government
6742:(895–1000)
6668:West Slavs
6650:Celemantia
6640:Laugaricio
6516:Television
6501:Philosophy
6476:Literature
6402:Irreligion
6397:Healthcare
6330:(currency)
6285:Parliament
6260:Government
6089:Marcomanni
5993:Tarnobrzeg
5918:Bessarabia
5872:Yugoslavia
5595:Seychelles
5590:Mozambique
5585:Madagascar
5508:Vietnamese
5503:Venezuelan
5493:Nicaraguan
5488:Melanesian
5405:Venezuela
5317:Kuomintang
5310:since 1978
5280:Bangladesh
5256:By country
5250:by country
5084:Conditions
5062:Solidarity
4995:opposition
4667:Yugoslavia
4561:Oblast of
4546:(ČSR) and
3959:References
3182:Mass media
3106:brown coal
3049:for other
3039:metallurgy
2939:Bratislava
2752:In office
2708:See also:
2661:served as
2515:federation
2513:Under the
2457:" to the "
2187:Afghan War
2140:Korean War
1976:Plzeň 1953
1855:Opposition
1795:Yugoslavia
1749:Mozambique
1647:Uzbekistan
1632:Tajikistan
1602:Kazakhstan
1582:Azerbaijan
1532:Background
1344:, was the
1276:Mass media
1027:15,600,000
1016:Population
916:9 May 1948
592:Government
576:Demonym(s)
558:(de facto)
181:newspapers
52:improve it
7569:Communism
7336:Education
7282:Transport
7192:President
7142:Elections
7017:Districts
6990:Geography
6617:Roman era
6392:Education
6351:Transport
6265:Judiciary
6250:Elections
6228:Districts
6160:Geography
5951:1939–1940
5906:1918–1919
5675:1982–1992
5670:1979–1992
5665:1975–1979
5661:Cambodia
5636:Nicaragua
5568:1987–1991
5563:1974–1987
5559:Ethiopia
5498:Tanzanian
5379:Sri Lanka
5322:Hong Kong
5305:Communist
5268:Australia
5263:Argentina
5248:Socialism
5143:Die Wende
5116:Economies
4957:Cominform
4940:(to 1948)
4902:(to 1961)
4830:Formation
4820:Communism
4718:1982–1991
4713:1964–1982
4708:1953–1964
4703:1927–1953
4698:1917–1927
4611:Communist
4534:1948 coup
4232:statehood
3887:Dale 2005
3531:Footnotes
3429:1990–1992
3419:1989–1992
3383:1948–1989
3362:1945–1948
3352:1939–1945
3342:1939–1945
3331:1939–1945
3320:1938–1945
3310:1938–1939
3290:1918–1938
3098:crude oil
3031:chemicals
3027:machinery
2872:Chairman
2587:(via the
2571:Geography
2545:democracy
2465:1968–1990
2420:Minister
2417:civil war
2378:Cominform
2321:in 1945,
2058:Riga 1991
2048:Baku 1990
1938:Lithuania
1830:Cominform
1734:Kampuchea
1637:Turkmenia
1617:Lithuania
1607:Kirghizia
1562:Republics
1458:Latinised
1402:socialism
1382:when the
1260:Education
1256:Transport
1069:Drives on
1050:very high
780:President
644:one-party
625:one-party
606:one-party
566:(de jure)
548:Religion
293:1948–1990
97:talk page
58:talk page
7545:Slovakia
7495:Category
7425:Religion
7356:Passport
7351:Language
7174:Military
7081:Politics
7062:Wildlife
6645:Gerulata
6625:Pannonia
6599:Slovakia
6552:Category
6466:Language
6417:Religion
6211:Politics
6003:Würzburg
5978:Naissaar
5942:Finland
5902:Bavaria
5840:Slovakia
5825:Bulgaria
5755:Far East
5702:Mongolia
5614:Americas
5478:European
5409:Chavismo
5374:Pakistan
5111:Politics
4637:Bulgaria
4428:Slovakia
4406:Slovakia
4248:Pre-1918
3622:, p. 132
3394:Invasion
3234:a series
3232:Part of
3224:See also
3213:Military
3204:reviewed
3156:Slovakia
3139:Religion
3043:textiles
2635:various
2599:Politics
2565:Slovakia
2557:break up
2500:Cold War
2333:and the
2202:Gulf War
2006:Invasion
1880:Bulgaria
1744:Mongolia
1719:Ethiopia
1688:Bulgaria
1622:Moldavia
1479:endonym
1464:endonym
1456:" while
1284:Religion
1244:Industry
1236:Politics
1172:Slovakia
1057:Currency
885:Cold War
426:(Slovak)
90:disputed
7519:Portals
7486:Outline
7398:Cuisine
7376:Culture
7324:Slovaks
7295:Society
7277:Tourism
7221:Economy
7042:Regions
7022:Islands
7002:Castles
6690:Pribina
6608:History
6536:Outline
6492:Panelák
6454:Cuisine
6431:Culture
6365:Society
6346:Tourism
6328:Koruna
6304:Economy
6238:Regions
6071:History
5973:Ireland
5963:Galicia
5862:Romania
5820:Albania
5775:Jiangxi
5722:Vietnam
5626:Grenada
5600:Somalia
5483:Israeli
5473:Chinese
5468:Burmese
5463:British
5453:African
5425:History
5416:Vietnam
5384:Tunisia
5334:Finland
5329:Estonia
4962:COMECON
4862:Romania
4857:Hungary
4761:Comecon
4737:Ukraine
4662:Romania
4652:Hungary
4632:Albania
4563:Ukraine
4555:of the
4520:Hungary
4516:Annexed
4307:Silesia
4303:Moravia
4299:Bohemia
3652:. 1918.
3584:Sources
3110:nuclear
2958:Economy
2888:Comecon
2593:Hungary
2411:in 1948
2067:Dissent
1969:1980–89
1928:Estonia
1905:Ukraine
1895:Romania
1885:Croatia
1875:Albania
1824:Comecon
1781:Vietnam
1770:Somalia
1765:Romania
1729:Hungary
1724:Grenada
1672:Albania
1642:Ukraine
1597:Georgia
1592:Estonia
1577:Armenia
1565:of the
1527:History
1521:Slovaks
1513:Bohemia
1501:Bohemia
1489:Čechové
1454:Slovaks
1356:in the
1288:Society
1240:Economy
1231:History
974:•
961:•
948:•
935:•
922:•
909:•
896:•
657:Federal
638:Federal
619:Unitary
600:Unitary
502:14°25′E
499:50°05′N
483:Capital
471:of the
372:(Czech)
358:Anthem:
195:scholar
7500:Portal
7393:Cinema
7242:Energy
7102:Anthem
7047:Rivers
6968:(1992)
6950:(1989)
6938:(1968)
6932:(1968)
6914:(1948)
6897:(1944)
6861:(1938)
6855:(1919)
6843:(1918)
6765:(1526)
6557:Portal
6316:Energy
6192:Rivers
5983:Saxony
5928:Bremen
5857:Poland
5813:Europe
5780:Kuwait
5760:Fujian
5575:Guinea
5535:Angola
5528:Africa
5344:Greece
5339:France
5301:China
5297:Canada
5290:Lulism
5285:Brazil
4982:(WFDY)
4974:(WFTU)
4657:Poland
4613:period
4553:Oblast
4550:(SSR).
4378:Second
4157:
4139:
4121:
4103:
4085:
4063:
4045:
4027:
4009:
3991:
3973:
3571:Slovak
3548:Slovak
3236:on the
3108:, and
3041:, and
2949:, and
2943:okresy
2935:Prague
2894:, the
2749:Title
2746:Photo
2700:list.
2477:, and
2390:Prague
2339:Moscow
2081:Poland
2076:Soviet
2011:Moscow
1933:Latvia
1900:Serbia
1890:Poland
1759:Poland
1678:Angola
1627:Russia
1612:Latvia
1495:whose
1485:Polish
1470:Polish
1450:Czechs
1358:Soviet
1035:
826:
784:
682:
539:Slovak
490:Prague
465:Status
424:
370:
360:
323:Emblem
197:
190:
183:
176:
168:
7458:Radio
7445:Media
7435:Sport
7420:Music
7312:Mafia
7307:Crime
7247:Euro
7232:Banks
6543:Index
6511:Sport
6481:Music
6377:Crime
5998:Užice
5933:Bihać
5893:Banat
5765:Gilan
5712:Syria
5682:China
5657:Burma
5631:Chile
5605:Sudan
5580:Libya
5555:Egypt
5540:Benin
5359:Italy
5349:India
3682:Czech
3665:Czech
3601:(PDF)
3567:Czech
3544:Czech
2931:kraje
2743:Name
2698:cadre
2679:cadre
1699:Congo
1693:China
1683:Benin
1477:Czech
1462:Czech
1073:right
1063:(Kčs)
534:Czech
202:JSTOR
188:books
7408:Wine
7403:Beer
7162:LGBT
7124:Seal
7119:Flag
6678:Samo
6471:Flag
6459:Wine
6280:Army
6094:Samo
6084:Boii
5946:1918
5911:1919
5717:Tuva
5697:Laos
5687:Iraq
5645:Asia
5621:Cuba
5458:Arab
5354:Iran
4155:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4119:ISBN
4101:ISBN
4083:ISBN
4061:ISBN
4043:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4007:ISBN
3989:ISBN
3971:ISBN
3569:and
3556:ČSSR
3546:and
3439:1992
3408:1989
3398:1968
3373:1948
3300:1938
3280:1918
3270:1918
3154:and
3112:and
3100:and
3047:arms
3003:iron
2712:and
2681:and
2615:The
2579:and
2563:and
2506:and
2215:Fall
1739:Laos
1704:Cuba
1568:USSR
1517:četa
1509:Čech
1483:via
1481:Češi
1466:Češi
1452:and
1440:Name
1328:The
1000:Area
309:Flag
174:news
6439:Art
6275:Law
4518:by
2933:),
2890:),
2461:".
2380:at
1789:PRG
1411:of
1185:a.
1092:.cs
1033:HDI
157:by
7581::
5068:/
5064:/
5040:/
4696::
4692:/
4176:,
3865:^
3824:^
3689:^
3657:^
3648:.
3603:.
3573::
3554:,
3550::
3158:.
3037:,
3033:,
3029:,
2906:.
2896:UN
2643:,
2525:.
2510:.
2473:,
1787:,
1363:.
1336:,
1081:42
583:,
344:/
61:.
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6577:v
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4795:e
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4507:.
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417:’
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