146:
31:
527:, or of a "Will to Live", described the specific phenomenon of an organism's self-preservation instinct. Schopenhauer qualified this, however, by suggesting that the Will to Live is not limited in duration, but rather, "the will wills absolutely and for all time", across generations. Rejecting the primacy of Schopenhauer's Will to Live,
363:
Conatus is a central theme in the philosophy of
Benedict de Spinoza (1632–1677), which is derived from principles that Hobbes and Descartes developed. Contrary to most philosophers of his time, Spinoza rejects the dualistic assumption that mind,
418:
of an entity. However, an action can still be free in the sense that it is not constrained or otherwise subject to external forces. Human beings are thus an integral part of nature. Spinoza explains seemingly irregular human behaviour as really
394:, part 3, prop. 6). Since a thing cannot be destroyed without the action of external forces, motion and rest, too, exist indefinitely until disturbed. His goal is to provide a unified explanation of all these things within a
368:, ethics, and freedom are to be treated as things separate from the natural world of physical objects and events. One significant change he makes to Hobbes' theory is his belief that the
547:
in biological systems. However, the scope of the idea is definitely narrower today, being explained in terms of chemistry and neurology where, before, it was a matter of metaphysics and
507:
sense, as the generating power of movement which pervades all of nature, which was composed neither of atoms, as in the dominant view, nor of extension, as in
Descartes, but of
93:
for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. This
1378:
180:
is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. Although the term is most central to
Spinoza's philosophy, many other
1233:
463:
in the sense used by philosophers other than
Spinoza, an intrinsic property of all physical bodies, was largely superseded by the principles of
1653:
285:
of motion: an inclination in a specified direction. Furthermore, Hobbes uses conatus to describe cognition functions in the mind, describing
1681:
1354:
Leibniz, Gottfried
Wilhelm, Freiherr von (December 31, 1988) , "Exposition and Defence of the New System", in Morris, Mary, M.A. (ed.),
227:
of things, but rather as a unifying, external characteristic of the physical universe itself. Descartes specifies two varieties of the
388:, as Descartes had earlier. According to Spinoza, "each thing, as far as it lies in itself, strives to persevere in its being" (
431:
consists of happiness and the perpetual drive toward perfection. Conversely, a person is saddened by anything that opposes his
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1125:
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992:
Arthur, Richard (1998), "Cohesion, Division and
Harmony: Physical Aspects of Leibniz's Continuum Problem (1671–1686)",
223:
of matter according to eternally fixed mechanical laws, not dispositions and intentions, nor as inherent properties or
1598:
1553:
1048:
Duchesneau, Francois (Spring–Summer 1998), "Leibniz's
Theoretical Shift in the Phoranomus and Dynamica de Potentia",
1676:
1701:
297:
of a body and its physical manifestation is the perceived "will to survive". In a notion similar that of Hobbes,
532:
337:
motion that all things possess, even when they are static. Motion, meanwhile, is just the summation of all the
358:
1212:
Jarrett, Charles (1991), "Spinoza's Denial of Mind-Body
Interaction and the Explanation of Human Action",
443:
principle of
Spinoza. Desire is then controlled by the other affects, pleasure and pain, and thus the
1691:
1492:
1266:
495:, explicitly rejected the principle of inertia and the laws of motion of the new physics. For him,
468:
126:
211:
as a mysterious intrinsic property of things, René Descartes (1596–1650) developed a more modern,
1706:
1671:
395:
181:
212:
145:
1615:
Nietzsche & Nihilism: Exploring a
Revolutionary Conception of Philosophical Conceptuality
129:
that have superseded it. It has, however, been a notable influence on later thinkers such as
1286:(1999), "The Path of Halley's Comet, and Newton's Late Apprehension of the Law of Gravity",
1166:
Grant, Edward (1964), "Motion in the Void and the Principle of Inertia in the Middle Ages",
97:
may be mind, matter, or a combination of both, and is often associated with God's will in a
1696:
1686:
1477:, vol. 1: Logological Investigations, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 144–5,
1338:
1283:
1544:
Ziemke, Tom (2007), "What's life got to do with it?", in Chella, A.; Manzotti, R. (eds.),
8:
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L'affirmation absolue d'une existence : essai sur la stratégie du conatus Spinoziste
1252:
528:
516:
456:
314:
134:
130:
341:
that a thing has, along with the interactions of things. By summing an infinity of such
1439:
1422:
Osler, Margaret J. (2001), "Whose ends? Teleology in early modern natural philosophy",
1225:
1183:
1065:
1009:
326:
121:
is rarely used in the technical sense, since classical mechanics uses concepts such as
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38:, where "each thing, as far as it lies in itself, strives to persevere in its being."
24:
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The philosophy of Spinoza : unfolding the latent processes of his reasoning
1316:
1023:
The Psychology and Ethics of Spinoza: A Study in the History and Logic of Ideas
536:
365:
264:
247:. Descartes, in developing his First Law of Nature, also invokes the idea of a
43:
35:
1086:
1665:
1518:
De antiquissima Italiorum sapientia ex linguae originibus eruenda librir tres
1161:, Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale Document Number:CX3424300736
270:
219:
For Descartes, in contrast to Buridan, motion and rest are properties of the
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447:
strives towards that which causes joy and avoids that which produces pain.
260:
204:
1451:
Polt, Richard (1996), "German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back",
535:, which comes out of a rejection of such notions of self-preservation. In
398:
framework, man and nature must be unified under a consistent set of laws;
162:
86:
19:
This article is about a term in philosophy. For the Zola Jesus album, see
1061:
1005:
544:
1408:, Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., p. ix,
1101:
519:(1788–1860) developed a principle notably similar to that of Spinoza's
971:
Arthur, Richard (1994), "Space and relativity in Newton and Leibniz",
305:
of the body and soul, primarily focusing however on the concept of a
196:
made significant contributions, each developing the term differently.
168:
504:
407:
98:
16:
Innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself
1435:
1179:
560:
346:
1337:
LeBuffe, Michael (2006-03-20), "Spinoza's Psychological Theory",
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500:
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464:
385:
286:
256:
236:
122:
114:
403:
110:
1511:, vol. 1, Clinton, Massachusetts: The Colonial Press Inc.
1034:, London; New York: Continuum International Publishing Group,
1085:, vol. 8, New York: Simon & Schuster, archived from
801:
799:
797:
90:
1308:
The Physics of Spinoza's Ethics in Spinoza: New Perspectives
255:
of self-preservation", a generalization of the principle of
1153:
Goulding, Jay (2005), Horowitz, Maryanne (ed.), "Society",
349:), Leibniz could measure the effect of a continuous force.
109:
of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of
74:
68:
59:
794:
712:
710:
708:
706:
30:
1633:
Spinoza's Conatus doctrine: existence, being, and suicide
1306:
Lachterman, D. (1978), Robert Shahan; J.I. Biro. (eds.),
679:
399:
1032:
Spinoza and the Stoics: Power, Politics and the Passions
703:
1468:, New York City: Teachers College, Columbia University
414:, for Spinoza, only if it arises from the essence and
277:
for failing to explain the origin of motion, defining
77:
65:
56:
1491:
Schmitter, Amy M. (2006), "Hobbes on the Emotions",
450:
423:
and rational and motivated by this principle of the
71:
62:
1507:Schopenhauer, Arthur (1958), Payne, E.F.J. (ed.),
1315:Landucci, Sergio (2004), "Vico, Giambattista", in
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973:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
1663:
1100:Dutton, Blake D. (2006), "Benedict De Spinoza",
531:(1844–1900) developed a separate principle the
172:, which is usually translated into English as,
1529:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
1516:Vico, Giambattista (1710), L.M. Palmer (ed.),
1506:
1475:Reflexivity and the Crisis of Western Reason
1377:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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293:as the sum of all emotions, which forms the
1459:(3), Thomson Gale Document Number:A18262679
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267:fifty years after the death of Descartes."
23:. For Conatus - Journal of Philosophy, see
1652:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1590:Spinoza's Political and Ethical Philosophy
1305:
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817:
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317:of motion. Leibniz later defines the term
1612:
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1241:Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy
1134:Gillispie, Charles Coulston, ed. (1971),
1133:
1072:, Thomson Gale Document Number: A54601186
924:
764:
1463:
1446:, Thomson Gale Document Number:A80401149
1314:
1152:
1120:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1016:, Thomson Gale Document Number:A54601187
987:, Thomson Gale Document Number:A16109468
888:
864:
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380:mental, but material. Spinoza also uses
309:of body in developing the principles of
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29:
1630:
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1385:
1353:
1336:
1321:Enciclopedia Garzantine della Filosofia
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1211:
1198:, New York: Oxford Publishing Company,
1103:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
952:
936:
805:
788:
740:
685:
623:
543:has been related to modern theories of
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1543:
1403:
1310:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
1193:
1155:New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
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1099:
1030:DeBrabander, Firmin (March 15, 2007),
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215:concept of motion which he called the
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263:and made into the first of his three
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1515:
1509:The World as Will and Representation
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1077:Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1963),
870:
852:
758:
384:to refer to rudimentary concepts of
281:to be the infinitesimal unit at the
156:in his mechanistic theory of motion.
1613:Tuusvuori, Jarkko S. (March 2000),
1494:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1340:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
664:
503:, and also, in a more traditional,
289:as the beginning of motion and the
273:criticized previous definitions of
13:
1682:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
1575:, Université de Lille III: Lille,
1563:
1520:, Ithaca: Cornell University Press
1253:10.1093/oso/9780199203949.003.0005
1226:10.1111/j.2041-6962.1991.tb00604.x
1214:The Southern Journal of Philosophy
1140:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
610:
539:, the Spinozistic conception of a
14:
1718:
1025:, New York: Russell & Russell
451:Later usages and related concepts
1548:, Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic,
1464:Rabenort, William Louis (1911),
957:, San Diego: Twayne Publishers,
52:
1587:Duff, Robert Alexander (1903),
1525:Wolfson, Harry Austryn (1934).
1356:Leibniz: Philosophical Writings
1118:Descartes' Metaphysical Physics
906:
894:
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858:
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602:"tendency away from the center"
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333:is a sort of instantaneous or
1:
945:
593:"tendency towards the center"
439:, a primary affect, with the
105:may refer to the instinctive
1136:"Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm"
427:. Some have argued that the
410:. For example, an action is
359:Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza
176:; used as an abstract noun,
7:
1404:Morgan, Michael L. (2006),
1323:, Milan: Garzanti Editore,
554:
515:principle provoked by God.
301:differentiates between the
10:
1723:
1617:, University of Helsinki,
953:Allison, Henry E. (1975),
356:
345:(i.e., what is now called
329:perpetually advance. This
259:, which was formalized by
18:
1593:, J. Maclehose and Sons,
1473:Sandywell, Barry (1996),
1453:The Review of Metaphysics
1083:The Story of Civilization
499:was the essence of human
455:After the development of
406:are one, and there is no
182:early modern philosophers
1546:Artificial Consciousness
1079:"XXII: Spinoza: 1632–77"
913:Durant & Durant 1963
566:
469:conservation of momentum
127:conservation of momentum
1677:Metaphysical properties
1386:Mathews, Freya (1991),
1343:, Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
1300:10.1080/000337999296328
1194:Hobbes, Thomas (1998),
1116:Garber, Daniel (1992),
1050:Perspectives on Science
994:Perspectives on Science
435:Others have associated
353:In Spinoza's philosophy
1702:Psychological concepts
1631:Wendell, Rich (1997),
1571:Bove, Laurent (1992),
1232:Jesseph, Doug (2006),
1021:Bidney, David (1962),
207:developed a notion of
157:
39:
1406:The Essential Spinoza
1284:Kollerstrom, Nicholas
1234:"Hobbesian Mechanics"
985:10.1093/bjps/45.1.219
867:, pp. 1174, 1175
203:philosophers such as
199:Whereas the medieval
148:
141:Definition and origin
42:In the philosophy of
33:
1062:10.1162/posc_a_00545
1006:10.1162/posc_a_00546
166:comes from the verb
101:view of nature. The
1466:Spinoza as Educator
1388:The Ecological Self
955:Benedict de Spinoza
688:, pp. 197–202.
661:, pp. 180, 184
649:, pp. 150, 154
529:Friedrich Nietzsche
517:Arthur Schopenhauer
509:metaphysical points
459:, the concept of a
457:classical mechanics
135:Friedrich Nietzsche
131:Arthur Schopenhauer
1635:, Waltham, Mass.,
855:, pp. 180–186
808:, p. 124-125.
791:, pp. 470–475
767:, pp. 159–161
676:, pp. 331–356
637:, pp. 265–292
523:. This principle,
473:Conatus recendendi
325:through which his
249:conatus se movendi
245:centrifugal forces
158:
40:
1624:978-951-45-9135-8
1536:978-0-674-66595-8
1484:978-0-415-08756-8
1415:978-0-87220-803-2
1397:978-0-415-10797-6
1365:978-0-460-87045-0
1330:978-88-11-50515-0
1288:Annals of Science
1262:978-0-19-920394-9
1205:978-0-19-283682-3
1127:978-0-226-28217-6
1041:978-0-8264-9393-4
964:978-0-8057-2853-8
901:Schopenhauer 1958
877:Schopenhauer 1958
584:, part 3, prop. 6
489:Giambattista Vico
477:centrifugal force
311:integral calculus
299:Gottfried Leibniz
243:which represents
241:conatus recedendi
233:conatus a centro,
190:Gottfried Leibniz
25:Conatus (journal)
1714:
1692:Mental processes
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315:Zeno's paradoxes
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34:Conatus is, for
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376:to motion), is
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323:state of change
319:monadic conatus
235:or a theory of
143:
55:
51:
28:
21:Conatus (album)
17:
12:
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1707:Systems theory
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537:systems theory
511:animated by a
491:, inspired by
452:
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366:intentionality
357:Main article:
354:
351:
265:Laws of Motion
186:René Descartes
152:used the term
150:René Descartes
142:
139:
44:Baruch Spinoza
36:Baruch Spinoza
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1129:
1123:
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1089:on 2007-04-23
1088:
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1080:
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1056:(2): 77–109,
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986:
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978:
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966:
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951:
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939:, p. 110
938:
933:
926:
921:
914:
909:
903:, p. 568
902:
897:
890:
889:Rabenort 1911
885:
879:, p. 357
878:
873:
866:
865:Landucci 2004
861:
854:
849:
842:
841:Goulding 2005
837:
830:
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819:
814:
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802:
800:
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790:
785:
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773:
766:
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754:
749:
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742:
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725:
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700:, III, xiv, 2
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533:Will to Power
530:
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96:
92:
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49:
45:
37:
32:
26:
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1632:
1614:
1604:, retrieved
1589:
1572:
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1498:, retrieved
1493:
1474:
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1423:
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1387:
1355:
1345:, retrieved
1339:
1320:
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1267:the original
1244:
1240:
1217:
1213:
1195:
1171:
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1139:
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1107:, retrieved
1102:
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1087:the original
1082:
1053:
1049:
1031:
1022:
997:
993:
976:
972:
954:
937:Mathews 1991
932:
920:
908:
896:
891:, p. 16
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
813:
806:Allison 1975
789:Jarrett 1991
784:
779:, p. ix
772:
760:
748:
741:Leibniz 1988
736:
724:
693:
686:Wolfson 1934
681:
654:
642:
630:
624:LeBuffe 2006
598:
589:
579:
575:
540:
524:
520:
512:
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496:
493:Neoplatonism
480:
472:
460:
454:
444:
440:
436:
432:
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420:
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411:
396:naturalistic
389:
381:
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362:
342:
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334:
330:
322:
318:
306:
302:
294:
282:
278:
274:
269:
261:Isaac Newton
252:
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240:
232:
228:
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221:interactions
220:
216:
208:
205:Jean Buridan
198:
177:
173:
167:
161:
159:
153:
118:
107:will to live
106:
102:
94:
87:wikt:conatus
47:
41:
1697:Panpsychism
1687:Determinism
1247:: 119–152,
777:Morgan 2006
753:Arthur 1994
729:Arthur 1998
717:Bidney 1962
698:Hobbes 1998
659:Garber 1992
647:Garber 1992
545:autopoiesis
505:hylozoistic
487:. However,
347:integration
313:to explain
213:mechanistic
174:to endeavor
1666:Categories
1606:2007-03-19
1500:2006-03-04
1347:2007-01-15
1276:2007-03-10
1196:De Corpore
1146:2007-03-27
1142:, New York
1109:2007-01-15
1093:2007-03-29
946:References
635:Grant 1964
201:Scholastic
184:including
160:The Latin
1444:143776874
1188:120402625
1070:141935224
1014:141579187
915:, chp. IX
853:Vico 1710
408:free will
343:conatuses
339:conatuses
321:, as the
283:beginning
117:. Today,
99:pantheist
1648:citation
1641:37542442
1581:57584015
1373:citation
755:, sec. 3
561:Conation
555:See also
461:conatus,
433:conatus.
217:conatus.
1319:(ed.),
549:theurgy
541:conatus
521:conatus
513:conatus
501:society
497:conatus
485:gravity
483:became
475:became
465:inertia
445:conatus
441:conatus
429:conatus
425:conatus
421:natural
416:conatus
386:inertia
382:conatus
374:conatus
335:virtual
331:conatus
307:conatus
303:conatus
295:conatus
287:emotion
279:conatus
275:conatus
257:inertia
253:conatus
237:gravity
229:conatus
209:impetus
178:conatus
163:cōnātus
154:conatus
123:inertia
119:conatus
115:inertia
103:conatus
48:conatus
1639:
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1597:
1579:
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1442:
1424:Osiris
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1394:
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1327:
1259:
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961:
581:Ethics
479:, and
437:desire
404:nature
391:Ethics
327:monads
251:, or "
225:forces
192:, and
111:motion
1440:S2CID
1270:(PDF)
1237:(PDF)
1184:S2CID
1066:S2CID
1010:S2CID
567:Notes
169:cōnor
95:thing
91:Latin
1654:link
1637:OCLC
1619:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1577:OCLC
1550:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1379:link
1360:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1168:Isis
1122:ISBN
1036:ISBN
959:ISBN
467:and
412:free
402:and
291:will
239:and
133:and
125:and
113:and
1432:doi
1296:doi
1249:doi
1222:doi
1176:doi
1058:doi
1002:doi
981:doi
400:God
378:not
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