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need of frontier protection, and the loss of postal service routes under the United States government, as reasons for their separation. The ordinance proposed the question of secession to the western portions of the territory. On March 28 a second convention in present-day Tucson met and ratified the ordinance. The conventions subsequently established a provisional territorial government for the
Confederate "Territory of Arizona." Owings was elected again as provisional governor and
1887:
2507:
1875:
47:
1821:
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1213:
1260:
1340:, ending with another Confederate victory and the capture of 25 men of that unit including its commander. The next day after disarming and paroling the captured New Mexican enlisted men, Coopwood retired southward along the west bank of the river with the two captured Union officers and an NCO to a camp 15 miles to the north of
1193:
convention to join the
Confederacy. On March 16 the convention adopted a secession ordinance, citing the region's common interests and geography with the Confederacy, their political sympathy with the Southern secession movement, their opposition to the "sectional" party, the "Black" Republicans, the
1024:
The political geography of the two
Arizona Territories differed in that the Confederate Arizona was approximately the southern half of the historic New Mexico Territory, while the Union-defined Arizona Territory was approximately the western half of what had been New Mexico Territory, which became
1153:
After the start of the
American Civil War, support for the Confederacy was strong in the southern part of the New Mexico Territory. Some residents felt neglected by the United States government. They worried about the lack of sufficient troops to fight the
1388:
In 1862 Baylor was ousted as governor of the territory by
President Davis, and the Confederate loss at the Battle of Glorieta Pass forced Confederate retreat from the territory. On March 30, Union forces fought a smaller engagement against a detachment of
1281:
across the border from
Mesilla. With support from the secessionist residents of Mesilla, Baylor's 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles entered the territory and took a position in the town on July 25. Union forces under Major Isaac Lynde at nearby
2123:
1419:
By July 1862, Union forces of the
California Column were approaching the territorial capital of Mesilla from the west but severe flooding of the Rio Grande barred their way and they had to divert north to Fort Thorn and the
1793:
Kiser, William S. "The
Confederate Territory of Arizona." Turmoil on the Rio Grande : History of the Mesilla Valley, 1846–1865. 175. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2011. Project MUSE. Web. 15 Nov.
1308:
On August 1, 1861, the victorious Baylor proclaimed the existence of a
Confederate Arizona Territory, which comprised the area defined in the Tucson convention the previous year. He appointed himself as permanent
954:, the Confederates had to retreat from the territory, and by July 1862, effective Confederate control of the territory had ended. Delegates to the secession convention had voted in March 1861 to secede from the
2116:
1337:
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and wait two weeks for the water to fall enough for a crossing. With Canby advancing down the east bank of the Rio Grande and the loss of control of the countryside to New
Mexican guerillas after the
2109:
581:
1586:
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Since the proceedings of the Tucson convention were never ratified by the United States Congress, the Provisional Territory was not considered a legal entity. For a time it operated as a
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1919:
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1110:. Many people in the area were pro-slavery, with business connections in southern states, from which some had migrated. In addition, all of this new territory lay below the old
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In February 1858, the New Mexico territorial legislature adopted a resolution in favor of the creation of the Arizona Territory. The border was to be defined along the
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The following month a small picket troop of the Rangers north of Tucson fought with an equally small Union cavalry patrol from the California Column in the so-called
1301:. However, his retreat came to a halt in severe heat and was overtaken by Baylor. Lynde surrendered his command without a shot fired at San Augustine Springs, in the
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prepared to attack Baylor. On July 25 the two armies met outside of town at the Battle of Mesilla in a brief engagement in which the Union troops were defeated.
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1494:. Minor resistance in Arizona continued at the partisan level, and Confederate units under the banner of Arizona fought until the end of the war in May 1865.
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in West Texas. The government in exile remained in Texas for the duration of the war, although MacWillie continued to represent the territory in the
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for a few hours with the Confederates until their ammunition was depleted, forcing the Mounted Infantry to retire northward to their base at
1091:. In July 1860, the convention drafted a constitution for a "Territory of Arizona" to be organized out of the New Mexico Territory south of
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primarily because it offered Confederate access to California. Consequently, it was the scene of several important battles in the war's
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179:
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The proposal to organize the Confederate Territory of Arizona was passed by the Confederate Congress in early 1862 and proclaimed by
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had raised concerns about being able to effectively govern the southern part of the territory. It was separated from the rest by the
1409:, was the westernmost engagement of regular forces in the Civil War, and successfully delayed the advance of the California forces.
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1981:
1976:
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Before the start of the war, the land of the current states of New Mexico and Arizona was part of the New Mexico Territory and the
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2006:
2001:
1801:. n.p.: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Nov. 2015. Alouisville7 (talk) 23:18, 15 November 2015 (UTC)
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153:
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1971:
761:
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1825:
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64:
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1986:
1966:
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The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Series 1 – Volume 9
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2412:
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1344:. There a Union column of Mounted Infantry sent to relieve the New Mexican militia force caught up with Coopwood, and
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on February 14, 1862. Coincidentally, Arizona statehood was approved exactly fifty years later on February 14, 1912.
863:
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1125:, government for the intended Arizona Territory. Lewis S. Owings, Governor of the Provisional Territory, appointed
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1991:
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marks the only known Confederate combat deaths in the modern confines of Arizona. Other engagements include the
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Anti-slavery Representatives opposed creating a new territory, as they feared it had the potential to become a
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This article is about the Confederate territory that existed from 1861 to 1865. For the U.S. territory, see
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for the protection of the Territory from marauding Apaches and bandits. Two companies were raised in the
1048:
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1482:. For the rest of the war, California Column troops controlled all of Confederate Arizona, Franklin and
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In April 1860, impatient for Congress to act, the territory called a convention and 31 delegates met in
1017:, where it remained for the duration of the civil war. The territory continued to be represented in the
2360:
1853:
1715:
1596:
1447:. The battle is considered part of the American Civil War. There were also several engagements between
1390:
1378:
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Efforts by the Confederacy to secure control of the region led to the New Mexico Campaign. Baylor sent
1243:
1158:. These Native Americans were attacking White settlers, killing off ranchers and mining camps all over
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1553:
1001:. His hold on the area was broken after Glorieta Pass (March 26–28, 1862), the defining battle of the
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1867:
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The territorial government relocated to Franklin, then with Confederate military units retreated to
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1021:, and Confederate troops continued to fight under the Arizona banner until the war ended.
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was chosen as a delegate to petition for the territory's admission into the Confederacy.
1159:
1092:
1034:
1002:
979:
967:
343:
224:
208:
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Finch, L. Boyd. "Arizona in Exile: Confederate Schemes to Recapture the Far Southwest."
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along the Rio Grande and surprised a Union force of New Mexican militia cavalry in a
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Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. Volume I
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Arizona was proclaimed a Confederate territory on August 1, 1861, after Colonel
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into the war. Arizona settlers were also disturbed by the closing of the
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to raise the first Territorial Militia. This comprised three companies of
2157:
1475:
1329:
1014:
359:
217:
1683:
1612:, biography of James Henry Tevis, p. 1, Arizona State University Library
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volunteers who fought at Stanwix Station and Picacho Pass fought at the
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In July 1861 a force under Lieutenant-Colonel John R. Baylor arrived in
1174:
route and their stations in March 1861, which had connected the Arizona
1479:
1398:
1349:
1294:
1183:
1080:. The legislature proposed that all the Indians of New Mexico would be
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962:, and seek to join the Confederacy. It consisted of the portion of the
550:
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2064:
1402:
46:
1310:
1175:
1005:. In July 1862, the Confederate territorial government withdrew to
1167:
975:
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35:
1804:
Raymond, McCoy. "Arizona Early Confederate Territory." Montana:
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197:
Map of the Confederate States with Arizona Territory highlighted
1820:
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1444:
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again delaying the advance of the California Column to Tucson.
1155:
1070:
1659:
Sacks, B. (1963). "The Creation of the Territory of Arizona".
1504:
List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century
1162:. This became open warfare following the February 3–9, 1861
982:, along the southern border. The breakaway region overlapped
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that existed from August 1, 1861, to May 26, 1865, when the
1551:
1212:
1428:
the Confederates abandoned Mesilla and retreated south to
1393:, a Confederate force destroying supply depots along the
1584:
1471:
and a number of other smaller skirmishes and massacres.
1381:
to Tucson to protect the population from the Apache and
1799:
Texas, New Mexico, And Arizona, Confederate District of
1527:
The Confederate Territory of Arizona was proclaimed in
1266:
Arizona was thought to be important to the role of the
1099:
as the Territorial Governor, and elected a delegate to
2592:
Political history of the Confederate States of America
589:
1851:
1313:. Among his cabinet members was the Mesilla attorney
2612:
Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2572:Governments in exile during the American Civil War
1781:The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona
1149:1861 map showing the Confederate Arizona Territory
1061:. As early as 1856, the territorial government in
1237:Herbert's Battalion, Arizona Cavalry (1862–1863)
2523:
1716:"Chapter IV. Confederate and Federal Occupation"
1383:delay the advance of Union troops from Fort Yuma
1189:In March 1861, the citizens of Mesilla called a
1558:. 58th Cong. 2d sess. S. Doc. 234. Washington:
1509:New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War
1293:and began a march north to join the troops at
1268:New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War
1114:of demarcation between slave and free states.
27:Territory of the Confederate States of America
2537:States and territories disestablished in 1865
2117:
1913:
1248:Capt. R. L. Swope's Company (Arizona Rangers)
893:
575:
1244:Capt. G. H. Oury's Company (Arizona Rangers)
1240:Capt. Thomas Helm's Company (Arizona Guards)
2547:1861 establishments in New Mexico Territory
2532:States and territories established in 1861
2124:
2110:
1920:
1906:
1744:"How Arizona almost didn't become a state"
1324:The next month, Baylor's cavalrymen under
970:, including parts of the modern states of
900:
886:
582:
568:
1682:
1336:west of the Rio Grande at the village of
1208:List of Arizona Territory Civil War units
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1364:
1258:
1226:Arizona Guards (Pinos Altos mining camp)
1211:
1144:
14:
2524:
2385:The Great Republic of Rough and Ready
2105:
1901:
1658:
1610:Hayden Pioneer Biographies Collection
1552:United States. Cong. Senate (1904) .
1137:mining camp, and another at Mesilla.
563:
2577:New Mexico in the American Civil War
1232:Minute Men (Pinos Altos mining camp)
1201:
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
2602:Pre-statehood history of New Mexico
2153:Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain
1025:the basis for present-day Arizona.
24:
1765:
1713:
1254:
1078:32nd meridian west from Washington
397:• Col. Baylor's Proclamation
25:
2623:
2542:Arizona in the American Civil War
1813:
1585:United States. War Dept. (1883).
1492:2nd Confederate States Congresses
2597:Pre-statehood history of Arizona
2506:
2505:
2486:Provisional Government of Hawaii
2367:Provisional Government of Oregon
2286:Provisional Government of Mexico
2017:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1819:
1317:, who served as the territorial
1039:History of slavery in New Mexico
925:organized incorporated territory
711:
520:
506:
481:
300:Organized incorporated territory
191:
171:
154:Organized incorporated territory
45:
18:Confederate Territory of Arizona
2607:Texas in the American Civil War
2587:Political history of New Mexico
2552:1865 disestablishments in Texas
1806:The Magazine of Western History
1465:Battle of the Florida Mountains
1401:, 80 miles east of its base at
364:Arizona Territorial Legislature
56:needs additional citations for
1774:The Journal of Arizona History
1736:
1707:
1652:
1641:
1615:
1603:
1578:
1545:
1521:
1405:. This skirmish, known as the
13:
1:
2562:1860s in New Mexico Territory
2397:Confederate States of America
1538:
1028:
929:Confederate States of America
2582:Political history of Arizona
2391:The Kingdom of Beaver Island
1223:Arizona Militia (1860–1862)
1140:
936:Trans-Mississippi Department
7:
2567:American Civil War by state
2092:Organized January 18, 1862.
1928:Political divisions of the
1783:, Westernlore Press, 1958.
1497:
1289:Major Lynde then abandoned
1019:Confederate States Congress
10:
2628:
2557:1860s in Arizona Territory
2361:Republic of the Rio Grande
1597:Cornell University Library
1595:. p. 722 – via
1593:Government Printing Office
1560:Government Printing Office
1391:Company A, Arizona Rangers
1379:Company A, Arizona Rangers
1205:
1032:
34:. For the U.S. state, see
29:
2501:
2343:Republic of Indian Stream
2148:
2081:
2063:
2026:
2015:
1937:
1648:Handbook of Texas online.
1453:Battle of Dragoon Springs
1407:Battle of Stanwix Station
1272:Trans-Mississippi Theater
1229:Arizona Rangers (Mesilla)
1172:Butterfield Overland Mail
1095:. The convention elected
1069:, a difficult stretch of
602:
536:
460:
456:
452:
448:
431:
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405:
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168:
163:
152:
147:
2305:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2280:Second Republic of Texas
2274:Republic of the Floridas
2262:Republic of East Florida
2256:Republic of West Florida
2220:United States of America
2164:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2140:within the contemporary
1623:"Ordinance of secession"
1514:
1426:Second Battle of Mesilla
1397:route of advance on the
1196:Granville Henderson Oury
1112:Missouri Compromise line
1047:, which ran parallel to
245: • Coordinates
2268:First Republic of Texas
1720:www.library.arizona.edu
1461:Battle of Cookes Canyon
1009:. With the approach of
952:Battle of Glorieta Pass
938:, commanded by General
933:Confederate States Army
183:States (August 1, 1861)
181:Flag of the Confederate
1714:Farish, Thomas Edwin.
1451:and Confederates. The
1414:Battle of Picacho Pass
1374:
1263:
1219:
1150:
386:Ordinance of Secession
2337:Republic of Madawaska
2238:Trans-Oconee Republic
1469:Battle of Pinos Altos
1441:Battle of Apache Pass
1368:
1328:, marched north from
1262:
1215:
1206:Further information:
1148:
1084:to northern Arizona.
1033:Further information:
986:, established by the
950:. However, after the
948:Shreveport, Louisiana
80:"Confederate Arizona"
2331:Republic of Fredonia
2028:Governments in exile
1828:at Wikimedia Commons
1662:Arizona and the West
964:New Mexico Territory
956:New Mexico Territory
612:San Augustine Spring
516:New Mexico Territory
489:New Mexico Territory
407:• Organized by
65:improve this article
2480:Free State of Jones
2373:California Republic
2208:Republic of Watauga
2176:Provincias Internas
2138:unrecognized states
1839:. Fort Tour Systems
1833:"Sibley Expedition"
1826:Confederate Arizona
1797:Pierpaoli, Paul G.
1779:Kerby, Robert Lee,
1315:Marcus H. MacWillie
1160:Traditional Arizona
1093:34th parallel north
1035:Arizona Organic Act
1003:New Mexico Campaign
921:Confederate Arizona
682:2nd Dragoon Springs
677:1st Dragoon Springs
594:Confederate Arizona
420:• Occupied by
263: /
2492:Republic of Hawaii
2188:Florida Occidental
1930:Confederate States
1868:American Civil War
1531:on August 1, 1861.
1422:San Diego Crossing
1375:
1299:Edward R. S. Canby
1264:
1220:
1151:
1067:Jornada del Muerto
1013:, it relocated to
997:'s victory at the
990:in February 1863.
978:. The capital was
940:Edmund Kirby Smith
727:American Civil War
721:Confederate States
632:Gallinas Mountains
435:Surrender of C.S.
373:American Civil War
267:32.267°N 106.700°W
158:Confederate States
2519:
2518:
2355:Republic of Texas
2250:State of Muskogee
2232:State of Franklin
2099:
2098:
2073:Arizona Territory
1824:Media related to
1731:Arizona Historian
1437:California Column
1395:California Column
1202:Confederate units
1127:James Henry Tevis
999:Battle of Mesilla
984:Arizona Territory
913:Arizona Territory
910:
909:
834:Arizona Territory
705:
704:
627:Florida Mountains
558:
557:
532:
531:
528:
527:
502:Arizona Territory
494:
493:
437:Trans-Mississippi
334:• 1862–1865
321:• 1861–1862
295: • Type
229:
214:
148:Arizona Territory
141:
140:
133:
115:
32:Arizona Territory
16:(Redirected from
2619:
2509:
2508:
2379:State of Deseret
2349:Indian Territory
2317:Coahuila y Tejas
2311:Sonora y Sinaloa
2244:Hawaiian Kingdom
2226:Vermont Republic
2182:Florida Oriental
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2085:Admitted to the
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1922:
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1908:
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1629:on June 22, 2015
1625:. Archived from
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1607:
1601:
1600:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:Internet Archive
1549:
1532:
1525:
1371:Confederate flag
1334:small engagement
1319:attorney general
1178:colonies to the
1054:Lower California
1049:William Walker's
1045:Gadsden Purchase
988:Union government
902:
895:
888:
845:Indian Territory
842:Allied tribes in
795:Dual governments
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414:January 18, 1862
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272:32.267; -106.700
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2323:Las Californias
2299:Alta California
2214:United Colonies
2200:Alta California
2144:
2130:
2100:
2095:
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2059:
2022:
2013:
1933:
1926:
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1886:
1884:
1874:
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1768:
1766:Further reading
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1579:
1562:. p. 691.
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1500:
1430:Franklin, Texas
1360:Jefferson Davis
1326:Bethel Coopwood
1303:Organ Mountains
1257:
1255:Major campaigns
1210:
1204:
1166:, that brought
1143:
1131:Arizona Rangers
1097:Lewis S. Owings
1041:
1031:
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2288:(1823–1824)
2072:
1841:. Retrieved
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1751:. Retrieved
1747:
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1723:. Retrieved
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1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1617:
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1605:
1587:
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1570:– via
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1484:Fort Quitman
1473:
1443:against 500
1435:In 1862 the
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1369:Raising the
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1330:Camp Robledo
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917:colloquially
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667:Picacho Pass
593:
471:Succeeded by
470:
465:
427:July 8, 1862
228:; 1862–1865)
223:
142:
127:
121:January 2013
118:
108:
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94:
87:
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63:Please help
58:verification
55:
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2488:(1893–1894)
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2438:Mississippi
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2295:, 1821–1824
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2270:(1812–1813)
2252:(1799–1803)
2246:(1795–1893)
2234:(1784–1788)
2228:(1777–1791)
2222:(1776–1783)
2216:(1775–1776)
2210:(1772–1777)
2202:, 1804–1821
2196:, 1769–1801
2194:La Luisiana
2190:, 1783–1821
2184:, 1783–1821
2178:, 1776–1821
2172:, 1690–1821
2166:, 1598–1821
2160:, 1565–1821
2158:New Navarre
1972:Mississippi
1932:(1861–1865)
1478:abandoning
1476:San Antonio
1135:Pinos Altos
1108:slave state
1015:San Antonio
944:surrendered
762:Mississippi
692:Apache Pass
687:2nd Mesilla
642:Pinos Altos
607:1st Mesilla
466:Preceded by
444:26 May 1865
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360:Legislature
270: /
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213:(1861–1862)
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2007:government
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1843:August 12,
1837:Fort Tours
1539:References
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1350:Fort Craig
1346:skirmished
1342:Fort Thorn
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551:New Mexico
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287:Government
91:newspapers
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1987:Tennessee
1967:Louisiana
1808:1962: 16.
1776:1992: 57.
1753:April 27,
1725:April 27,
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923:, was an
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826:Territory
777:Tennessee
757:Louisiana
164:1861–1865
2511:Category
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1997:Virginia
1952:Arkansas
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1684:40167054
1568:05012700
1498:See also
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1119:de facto
1101:Congress
1063:Santa Fe
958:and the
874:Seminole
854:Cherokee
813:Virginia
808:Missouri
803:Kentucky
787:Virginia
742:Arkansas
657:Valverde
344:in exile
307:Governor
258:106°42′W
225:in exile
2423:Georgia
2418:Florida
2408:Arizona
2403:Alabama
2132:Former
1962:Georgia
1957:Florida
1947:Alabama
1880:Arizona
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1529:Mesilla
1449:Apaches
1445:Apaches
1168:Cochise
1123:de jure
1082:removed
980:Mesilla
976:Arizona
927:of the
864:Choctaw
752:Georgia
747:Florida
737:Alabama
724:in the
637:Placito
546:Arizona
433:•
384:•
255:32°16′N
209:Mesilla
202:Capital
156:of the
105:scholar
36:Arizona
2387:(1850)
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2363:(1840)
2339:(1827)
2282:(1819)
2276:(1817)
2264:(1812)
2258:(1810)
2240:(1794)
1939:States
1787:
1699:
1691:
1681:
1673:
1566:
1467:, the
1463:, the
1459:, the
1156:Apache
1089:Tucson
1071:desert
1058:Sonora
697:La Paz
672:Tucson
311:
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
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2087:Union
1992:Texas
1794:2015.
1679:JSTOR
1515:Notes
1488:First
960:Union
869:Creek
782:Texas
617:Tubac
325:Col.
112:JSTOR
98:books
1845:2017
1785:ISBN
1755:2017
1727:2017
1697:OCLC
1689:LCCN
1671:ISSN
1635:2005
1564:LCCN
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1182:and
1180:East
1056:and
1037:and
974:and
422:U.S.
338:Dr.
237:Area
84:news
2136:or
946:at
67:by
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38:.
20:)
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