835:
684:
74:
816:
42:
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720:, to account for both its British military and Irish military history. Locally, the two forts are sometimes known as "Camden" and "Carlisle", rather than their official titles. Fort Westmoreland became Fort Mitchell Spike Island prison, and has since ceased use for military or prison purposes. "Spike" was gifted to Cork County Council by the State and has been renovated as a tourist attraction by council workers and volunteers under the supervision of archaeologists. The fortifications on
560:
877:. The facilities in Cork city are primarily used for grain and oil transport. Tivoli (downstream of the older city quays) provides container handling, facilities for oil, livestock and ore and a roll on-roll off (Ro-Ro) ramp. Prior to the opening of Ringaskiddy Ferry Port, car ferries sailed from here; now, the Ro-Ro ramp is used by companies importing cars into Ireland. In addition to the ferry terminal, which provides a service to Roscoff in France, Ringaskiddy has a deep water port.
350:
611:
81:
61:
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was hostile during any conflict, the treaty ports would have to be supplied by sea rather than land, wasting resources. In March 1938, the
British government announced that the treaty ports would be handed over unconditionally, and on 11 July 1938, the defences at Cork Harbour were handed over to the
861:
The Port of Cork provides pilotage and towage facilities for vessels entering Cork
Harbour. All vessels accessing the quays in Cork city must be piloted and all vessels exceeding 130 metres in length must be piloted once they pass within 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) of the harbour entrance at a
896:
There has been an increase in cruise ship visits to Cork
Harbour in the early 21st century, with 53 such ships visiting the port in 2011. The majority of these cruise ships berth at Cobh's Deepwater Quay. Historically, Cobh (under its former name Queenstown) was one of the principal ports through
885:
were handled at the Tivoli container facility, however this was down from a peak of 185,000 TEUs in 2006. The 2006 figure saw the port at full capacity and the Port drew up plans for a new container facility capable of handling up to 400,000 teus per annum at
Ringaskiddy. This was the subject of
699:
The political uncertainty over the future of the treaty ports meant that the
British government was not inclined to invest in their upgrade. Also, at the time of their construction, nobody had considered the possibility of air attack and as they were unable to expand, there was no possibility of
715:
Since being handed over to the Irish military, most of the military installations have ceased to be used for military purposes. Fort
Carlisle was renamed Fort Davis and is used by the Defence Forces for training - but is in a somewhat neglected state. Fort Camden became officially known as Fort
880:
The Port of Cork company is a commercial semi-state company responsible for the commercial running of the harbour as well as responsibility for navigation and berthage in the port. In 2011 the port had a turnover of €21.4 million and made pre-tax profits of €1.2 million. This was down from a
928:, claimed as the world's oldest, was founded as 'The Water Club' on Haulbowline Island in the 1720s. When the British Navy took over Haulbowline in 1801, the club moved to Cobh, where their original clubhouse (built in the 1850s) still stands. In the 1960s, the club moved to
279:
The harbour has been a working port and a strategic defensive hub for centuries, and it has been one of
Ireland's major employment hubs since the early 1900s. Traditional heavy industries have waned since the late 20th century, with the likes of the closure of
582:
Some of the first coastal defence fortifications built in Cork
Harbour date to the 17th century, and were primarily intended to protect the approaches to Cork city. In the 18th century, fortifications were built on and opposite
716:
Meagher and while no longer in military use, has been subject to renovation by local volunteers and enthusiasts, and can be visited by the public on certain days. The fort was officially renamed as of 11 July 2013 as
680:
appreciated the location of Cork
Harbour, particularly for submarines, which had a significantly shorter range in the 1920s, maintenance of the fortifications became an issue after Ireland became independent.
1144:
850:(DWT) are capable of coming through the harbour entrance. As the shipping channels get shallower the farther inland one travels, access becomes constricted, and only vessels up to 60,000
407:
748:
manufacturing at IFI (Irish
Fertiliser Industries) have ceased in recent years, they have been replaced with newer industries and Cork Harbour is now significant within the
438:
776:, as several of the pharmaceutical companies in Cork have shed jobs, notably Pfizer which announced the loss of 177 jobs in June 2012. There are in excess of 100 other
346:
Cork Harbour contains a number of islands of various sizes, some of which are connected to the mainland by bridges. Islands which are or have been inhabited include:
413:
1431:
Sailing directions for the English Channel: including a general description of the South Coasts of England and Ireland and a Detailed Account of the Channel Islands
1860:
1091:
1845:
1678:
323:
For conservation and navigation purposes, the harbour is often separated into "Upper Cork Harbour" (following the River Lee from Cork city to the towns of
657:, was added to the south of Fort Camden at the beginning of the 20th century. At the time of Irish independence, Cork Harbour was included, along with
1865:
429:
1387:
424:
1816:
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1855:
260:, Ireland. It is one of several which lay claim to the title of "second largest natural harbour in the world by navigational area" (after
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1850:
1741:
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was transferred to Cork Harbour. The harbour became an important anchorage, which could be used to guard the entrance to the
1645:
1065:
536:, Ballinacurra has effectively become a suburb of Midleton, so it could also be said that Midleton lies on Cork Harbour.
532:
is on the northeastern spur of the harbour, known as the Ballynacorra River. Due to the recent expansion of the town of
73:
1348:
881:
turnover of €26.4 million and profits of €5.4 million in 2006. Container traffic increased by 6% in 2011 when 156,667
517:. As of 2011, Cobh had a population of about 12,500. The eastern shore is less densely populated, but has two villages
1840:
1835:
1425:
773:
1298:
736:
Cork Harbour is one of the most important industrial areas in Ireland. While several traditional industries such as
932:. There are also boatyards at Crosshaven and two other marinas. There is another marina on Great Island opposite
1119:
292:. It still has strategic significance in energy generation, shipping, refining and pharmaceuticals development.
1194:
1568:
1220:
1068:. INtegrated Mapping FOr the Sustainable Development of Ireland's MArine Resource (INFOMAR). Archived from
1001:
604:
17:
1699:
882:
338:
The depth of the harbour has been measured at between 4 fathoms (7.3 m) and 14 fathoms (26 m).
1478:
1394:
1772:
1608:
692:
639:
529:
401:
353:
Detail of 1780s map showing lower harbour islands (Spike, Haulbowline) and defensive structures (at
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and the smaller village of Raffeen are found on the western shore. On the southwestern shore is
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firms operating in the Cork Harbour area. The main centres of the pharmaceutical industry are
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772:) are significant employers in the region. There has however been some concern since the
8:
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objections and after an oral planning hearing was held in 2008, the Irish planning board
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665:, in a list of British naval establishments that would remain under the control of the
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379:
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There are also a number of private berths around the harbour, with several centred on
709:
1777:
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654:
576:
200:
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Historically, the navigation and port facilities of the harbour were managed by the
1793:
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670:
653:
The fortifications were developed throughout the 19th century and a further fort,
470:
on the northwest corner of Cork Harbour. Several of the city's suburbs, including
41:
1798:
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471:
265:
1673:
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were built at opposite sides of the harbour entrance during the period of the
1829:
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273:
131:
118:
1633:
1624:
1588:
1548:
909:
870:
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662:
563:
Plan of lower harbour showing location to main military installations: (A)
559:
510:
483:
366:
332:
324:
313:
261:
51:
1145:
Cork Harbour Special Protection Area - Conservation Objectives - Version 1
827:. Founded in 1814, the Cork Harbour Commissioners were reorganised as the
815:
513:, which forms the northern shore of the lower harbour, houses the town of
1736:
1683:
1629:
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rejected the plan due to inadequate rail and road links at the location.
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The Lower Harbour has a number of towns around its shores. Passage West,
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463:
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1154:(Report). National Parks and Wildlife Service. November 2014. p. 75
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or the Douglas Estuary, both of which are parts of Upper Cork Harbour.
487:
447:
163:
47:
1092:"Cork harbour is a bustling axis where hope and history ebb and swell"
893:
Permission was later granted and work started (2018) on the new port.
610:
1668:
1053:
706:
658:
301:
151:
1538:
945:
757:
533:
1388:"Reports and financial statements for year ended 31 December 2006"
1026:
792:, is located on the southeastern shore together with the adjacent
724:
however have been maintained, and are now the headquarters of the
627:
454:
for storage until 2002, and now home to 'The Island Crematorium'.
369:– The largest island in Cork Harbour, which includes the town of
249:
245:
158:
1127:
Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland
331:) and "Lower Cork Harbour" (separated from the upper harbour by
1513:
1463:
996:
753:
522:
1004:
for further information on 19th century shipbuilding in Cork.
382:, Fota House and the Fota Island Resort Hotel and golf course
1453:
638:
on Haulbowline Island was constructed, as well as a fort on
552:
in 1938, Cork Harbour was an important base for the British
1518:
855:
588:
514:
370:
316:
with the main channel emerging into the lower harbour past
1221:"Area Profile for Town - Cobh Legal Town and its Environs"
622:
The harbour's military significance increased during the
866:
which is the landmark boundary for compulsory pilotage.
60:
897:
which flowed the stream of emigrants stemming from the
869:
The Port of Cork has berthing facilities at Cork city,
634:
and maintain the blockade of France. At this time, the
1434:(2 ed.). London: Hydrographic Office, Admiralty.
1195:"The Islands of Ireland: Sanctuary at Harper's Island"
1184:
History of yachting in the South of Ireland 1720-1908
705:
Irish military authorities at a ceremony attended by
1374:"Port of Cork - 2011 Annual Results (Press Release)"
642:(later to become Fort Westmoreland) and a number of
1166:
1411:RTÉ News: Port of Cork €225m development rejected
312:) in the northwest before passing to the west of
1827:
398:, and former home of the Cork Water Club (1720).
109:
1861:Important Bird Areas of the Republic of Ireland
1296:
1368:
1366:
1263:Pfizer staff summoned for job loss discussions
1846:Ports and harbours of the Republic of Ireland
1479:
1265:. Irish Examiner. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
752:industry. Large international firms such as
410:– Site of the Harper's Island Wetland Centre
1363:
1300:Brown's Nautical Almanac: Daily Tide Tables
700:adding adequate air cover. Finally, if the
648:other fortifications were added or improved
544:Cork Harbour hosts the headquarters of the
1486:
1472:
1323:"Passage West and Monkstown, Cork Harbour"
446:– Once housed a magazine building for the
1325:. Passagewestmonkstown.ie. Archived from
960:clubs have facilities on the part of the
300:The main tributary to the harbour is the
833:
814:
682:
609:
558:
348:
1866:Ramsar sites in the Republic of Ireland
46:Aerial view of lower Cork Harbour from
14:
1828:
1393:. Port of Cork Company. Archived from
1351:. PortofCork.ie (Google Cache Archive)
1117:
740:at Verolme Dockyards, steel-making on
618:overlook the entrance to Cork Harbour.
1817:Coastal fortifications of County Cork
1467:
1424:
1172:
567:, (B) Fort Mitchel/Westmoreland, (C)
361:, Spike, Rams Head, and Roches Tower)
1646:National Maritime College of Ireland
466:is located slightly upstream on the
308:, passes through the upper harbour (
264:, Sydney). Other contenders include
80:
1856:Ports and harbours of the Irish Sea
1349:"Port Of Cork – Notice to Mariners"
695:protecting the mouth of the harbour
388:– A residential and industrial area
24:
1871:Tourist attractions in Cork (city)
1851:Tourist attractions in County Cork
1261:Rogersand, Stephen. (6 June 2012)
1230:. Central Statistics Office. 2011.
1201:. Irish Examiner. 11 February 2019
1066:"Surveys - Cork Harbour and Coast"
838:The Swansea – Cork ferry docks at
799:
626:, when the naval establishment in
25:
1887:
1447:
964:between Cork city and Blackrock.
846:Vessels up to 90,000 tonnes
774:post-2008 Irish economic downturn
1567:
1493:
969:
79:
72:
59:
40:
1404:
1380:
1376:. Port of Cork. 13 August 2012.
1341:
1315:
1290:
1268:
1255:
1234:
1213:
919:
916:, Ringaskiddy and Haulbowline.
788:. Ireland's only oil refinery,
548:. Prior to the transfer of the
1187:
1178:
1137:
1111:
1084:
1058:
1054:Placenames Database of Ireland
1047:
1019:
458:
416:– Site of an equestrian centre
13:
1:
1008:
819:Map of Cork Harbour, ca. 1702
804:
525:, both home to power plants.
304:which, after flowing through
1454:Port of Cork Company website
1013:
605:American War of Independence
587:to protect the anchorage in
295:
7:
1773:Fort Mitchel (Westmoreland)
1459:Cork Harbour Fortifications
1303:. Brown, Son & Ferguson
985:
731:
539:
10:
1892:
1418:
825:Cork Harbour Commissioners
808:
341:
1811:
1786:
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1722:
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1565:
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1034:Sites Information Service
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1841:Transport in County Cork
1836:Geography of Cork (city)
1742:UNAS Queenstown (Aghada)
1700:Roche's Point Lighthouse
1297:R. Ingram-Brown (1998).
794:Whitegate power station
1737:Haulbowline Naval Base
1278:. Port of Cork Company
1118:Horgan, J. J. (1956).
980:The waterfront at Cobh
944:are used for boating,
843:
820:
696:
619:
614:The fortifications of
579:
565:Haulbowline Naval Base
434:Whitegate oil refinery
404:– Former prison island
394:– Headquarters of the
362:
241:
50:(south/foreground) to
1768:Fort Meagher (Camden)
1763:Fort Davis (Carlisle)
1705:Royal Cork Yacht Club
926:Royal Cork Yacht Club
837:
818:
809:Further information:
770:Johnson & Johnson
766:Janssen Pharmaceutica
686:
613:
562:
352:
1787:Other fortifications
1710:Spit Bank Lighthouse
1630:Ringaskiddy Terminal
1618:Industry and economy
1400:on 18 November 2007.
1246:Fortress Study Group
864:Spit Bank Lighthouse
862:point marked by the
829:Port of Cork Company
650:around the harbour.
288:and shipbuilding at
252:at the mouth of the
726:Irish Naval Service
718:Camden Fort Meagher
689:coastal defence gun
616:Camden Fort Meagher
573:Fort Davis/Carlisle
569:Fort Meagher/Camden
546:Irish Naval Service
396:Irish Naval Service
270:Trincomalee Harbour
128: /
1723:Naval and military
1679:River Ballynacorra
1641:Whitegate Refinery
1594:Haulbowline Island
1120:"The Port of Cork"
844:
821:
790:Whitegate refinery
742:Haulbowline Island
722:Haulbowline Island
697:
620:
585:Haulbowline Island
580:
392:Haulbowline Island
380:Fota Wildlife Park
363:
318:Haulbowline Island
216:Reference no.
27:Harbour in Ireland
1823:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1778:Fort Templebreedy
1751:Coastal artillery
1718:
1717:
1637:
1199:irishexaminer.com
768:(a subsidiary of
655:Fort Templebreedy
577:Fort Templebreedy
272:in Sri Lanka and
231:
230:
159:Ocean/sea sources
16:(Redirected from
1883:
1794:Blackrock Castle
1727:
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1693:Other navigation
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702:Irish Free State
671:Irish Free State
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132:51.850°N 8.267°W
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1799:Belvelly Castle
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1577:Harbour islands
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1240:Stevenson, I.,
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1072:on 3 March 2016
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988:
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854:can sail above
813:
807:
802:
800:Marine activity
762:GlaxoSmithKline
734:
710:Éamon de Valera
644:Martello Towers
632:English Channel
624:Napoleonic Wars
542:
528:The village of
461:
408:Harper's Island
344:
298:
266:Halifax Harbour
244:) is a natural
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173: countries
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1674:River Owenabue
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1448:External links
1446:
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1415:
1414:
1403:
1379:
1362:
1340:
1329:on 22 May 2015
1314:
1289:
1276:"Port History"
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1254:
1233:
1212:
1186:
1177:
1175:, p. 192.
1165:
1136:
1110:
1097:Irish Examiner
1083:
1057:
1046:
1027:"Cork Harbour"
1017:
1015:
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1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:Joseph Wheeler
999:
994:
987:
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967:
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956:. A number of
921:
918:
901:in the 1840s.
806:
803:
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798:
778:pharmaceutical
750:pharmaceutical
733:
730:
636:naval dockyard
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460:
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430:Corkbeg Island
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201:Ramsar Wetland
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137:51.850; -8.267
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78:
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71:
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65:
64:
56:
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45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1888:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
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1797:
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1779:
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1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
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1610:
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1605:
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1600:
1599:Little Island
1597:
1595:
1592:
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1587:
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1579:
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1560:
1557:
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1460:
1457:
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1433:
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1427:
1426:White, Martin
1423:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1350:
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1328:
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1293:
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1237:
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1128:
1121:
1114:
1099:
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1061:
1055:
1050:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:The Emergency
990:
989:
978:
972:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
917:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
894:
891:
889:
888:Bord Pleanala
884:
878:
876:
872:
867:
865:
859:
857:
853:
849:
841:
836:
832:
830:
826:
817:
812:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:Little Island
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
713:
711:
708:
703:
694:
690:
685:
681:
679:
676:Although the
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
617:
612:
608:
606:
602:
601:Fort Carlisle
598:
594:
590:
586:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
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485:
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477:
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418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
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393:
390:
387:
386:Little Island
384:
381:
378:– Containing
377:
374:
372:
368:
365:
364:
360:
359:Fort Carlisle
356:
351:
347:
339:
336:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
293:
291:
287:
283:
277:
275:
274:Poole Harbour
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
156:
153:
150:
148:River sources
146:
141:
113:
107:
104:
101:
97:
75:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1813:
1662:Water bodies
1634:Tivoli Docks
1625:Port of Cork
1609:Spike Island
1604:Rocky Island
1589:Great Island
1549:Passage West
1495:Cork Harbour
1494:
1430:
1406:
1395:the original
1382:
1353:. Retrieved
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1299:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1270:
1257:
1252:), pp113-143
1249:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1180:
1173:White (1835)
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1151:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:the original
1060:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1030:
1021:
923:
920:Recreational
910:Passage West
903:
899:Great Famine
895:
892:
879:
868:
860:
845:
824:
822:
811:Port of Cork
738:shipbuilding
735:
714:
698:
693:Spike Island
675:
663:Lough Swilly
652:
640:Spike Island
621:
591:- including
581:
550:treaty ports
543:
530:Ballinacurra
527:
511:Great Island
496:
484:Passage West
462:
444:Rocky Island
439:Brown Island
425:Brick Island
402:Spike Island
367:Great Island
345:
337:
333:Great Island
325:Passage West
322:
314:Great Island
299:
278:
276:in England.
262:Port Jackson
242:Cuan Chorcaí
234:Cork Harbour
233:
232:
87:Cork Harbour
52:Great Island
35:Cork Harbour
29:
18:Cork harbour
1730:Naval bases
1684:Lough Mahon
1584:Fota Island
1534:Glounthaune
1524:Carrigaline
1502:Settlements
1355:23 February
1333:23 February
1307:23 February
1228:Census 2011
950:windsurfing
875:Ringaskiddy
873:, Cobh and
840:Ringaskiddy
786:Ringaskiddy
687:A six-inch
597:Fort Camden
503:Ringaskiddy
492:Lough Mahon
459:Settlements
452:Irish Steel
420:Weir Island
376:Fota Island
310:Lough Mahon
286:Haulbowline
282:Irish Steel
268:in Canada,
258:County Cork
211:7 June 1996
185:Settlements
135: /
110:Coordinates
1830:Categories
1655:Navigation
1554:Rushbrooke
1529:Crosshaven
1282:5 December
1009:References
954:jet-skiing
934:East Ferry
930:Crosshaven
914:Rushbrooke
848:deadweight
805:Commercial
746:fertiliser
678:Royal Navy
667:Royal Navy
554:Royal Navy
507:Crosshaven
488:Rochestown
450:. Used by
448:Royal Navy
432:– Site of
414:Hop Island
248:and river
208:Designated
164:Celtic Sea
48:Crosshaven
1876:River Lee
1814:See also:
1758:Cove Fort
1669:River Lee
1559:Whitegate
1544:Monkstown
1509:Cork City
1440:656744962
1248:), 1999 (
1014:Footnotes
962:River Lee
942:Blackrock
938:Monkstown
906:Whitegate
831:in 1997.
707:Taoiseach
673:in 1923.
659:Berehaven
593:Cove Fort
519:Whitegate
499:Monkstown
472:Blackrock
468:River Lee
464:Cork city
355:Cove Fort
329:Monkstown
306:Cork city
302:River Lee
296:Geography
254:River Lee
152:River Lee
1632:•
1539:Midleton
1428:(1835).
1103:11 April
1076:12 April
1039:25 April
986:See also
946:canoeing
936:, while
758:Novartis
732:Industry
595:(1743).
540:Military
534:Midleton
99:Location
1419:Sources
1152:npws.ie
628:Kinsale
490:lie on
480:Douglas
342:Islands
290:Verolme
250:estuary
246:harbour
176:Ireland
120:51°51′N
1514:Aghada
1438:
1205:24 May
1158:9 July
1032:Ramsar
997:Plan W
958:rowing
871:Tivoli
754:Pfizer
575:, (E)
571:, (D)
523:Aghada
123:8°16′W
1398:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
1148:(PDF)
1133:: 43.
1123:(PDF)
476:Mahon
238:Irish
171:Basin
1519:Cobh
1436:OCLC
1357:2016
1335:2016
1309:2016
1284:2016
1242:Fort
1207:2021
1160:2020
1131:XVIX
1105:2015
1078:2015
1041:2018
952:and
940:and
924:The
883:teus
856:Cobh
784:and
764:and
744:and
661:and
646:and
599:and
589:Cobh
521:and
515:Cobh
486:and
371:Cobh
327:and
189:Cork
103:Cork
852:DWT
691:on
335:).
284:in
256:in
219:837
1832::
1365:^
1250:27
1226:.
1197:.
1150:.
1129:.
1125:.
1094:.
1029:.
948:,
912:,
908:,
858:.
796:.
760:,
756:,
728:.
712:.
607:.
556:.
509:.
501:,
482:,
478:,
474:,
357:,
320:.
240::
1636:)
1628:(
1487:e
1480:t
1473:v
1442:.
1359:.
1337:.
1311:.
1286:.
1244:(
1209:.
1162:.
1107:.
1080:.
1043:.
842:.
236:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
