3091:
2195:
4380:
4638:
1920:
1119:
4691:
2096:
4586:
2242:
6533:
2978:
3210:
6454:
6443:
5483:
2459:
5745:
4832:
5547:
2801:
6671:
6699:
5658:
5360:
2003:
3173:
3771:
5409:
5970:
2140:
1611:
5615:
6591:
3575:
1733:
6657:
3912:
6544:
6509:
2555:
1217:
6119:
4898:
4144:
5193:
4038:
3820:
5237:
6559:
3132:
5141:
1307:
2669:
3962:
3529:
4952:
3247:
6605:
2502:
6757:
3307:
3467:
3374:
1815:
1774:
5831:
5910:
5080:
4480:
1411:
4241:
1672:
6685:
4294:
1560:
6570:
2850:
1486:
1170:
6629:
1354:
36:
4078:
2745:
2601:
2416:
2368:
3716:
6745:
6495:
6481:
6643:
6733:
2724:. In the aftermath of the conflict, a part of Landshut joined Palatinate with the name of Palatinate-Neuburg. In 1557 Otto Henry abdicated of Neuburg to become Elector. Neuburg fell to Wolfgang I. Otto Henry left no descendants: the main line became extinct with his death. Simmern line succeeded in the Electorate.
4016:
Frederick V's territories and his position as elector were transferred to the Duke of
Bavaria, Maximilian I, of a distantly related branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Although technically Elector Palatine, he was known as the Elector of Bavaria. From 1648 he ruled in Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate
3516:
Children of George John I, ruled jointly. In 1598 divided the land: George
Gustavus kept Veldenz; John Augustus received Lützelstein; and Louis Philip and George John received jointly received Gutenberg. In 1601 George John ruled alone Gutenberg. In 1611, after the death of John Augustus with no
5705:
The title and authority of
Elector Palatine were subsumed into the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. Charles Theodore and his heirs retaining only the single vote and precedence of the Bavarian elector, though they continued to use the title "Count Palatine of the Rhine"
2194:
5872:
4163:
3548:
3557:
3006:
4811:
4010:
in 1620, and
Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. He was known as "the Winter King" because his reign in Bohemia only lasted one winter. In 1623, Frederick was put under the ban of the Empire.
4110:
1271:
During a later division of territory among his heirs in 1294, the elder branch of the
Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the
2997:
6409:
4399:
4123:
4172:
Sons of Philip Louis, inherited
Sulzbach. John Frederick created Palatinate-Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein, but at his death with no surviving children, Sulzbach became reunited under Augustus' son, Christian August.
2720:(and grandsons of Philip I). Their father married the heiress of Bavaria-Landshut, Elisabeth, was adopted by his father-in-law, and eventually became heir of Bavaria-Landshut. This new declaration led to the
3602:
3090:
4657:
5708:
139:
3753:
3517:
descendants, Lützelstein was annexed to
Guttenberg. In 1654, after the death of George John without descendants, Guttenberg reverted to Veldens, united under Leopold Louis, George Gustavus' son.
1834:
4359:
6431:
5457:
5338:
4260:
3015:
2298:
3229:
3166:
4207:
2261:
6439:
5677:
5256:
4548:
3678:
1717:
Children of Robert III, divided the land. Louis kept the
Electorate; Stephen received Simmern, John inherited Neumarkt and Otto received Mosbach. Stephen brought by marriage the
3735:
295:, the Palatinate lost its military importance in Lotharingia. The territorial authority of the count palatine was reduced to his counties along the Rhine, henceforth called the
5266:
3799:
3192:
3862:
528:
By the early 16th century, owing to the practice of dividing territories among different branches of the family, junior lines of the
Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in
4790:
1752:
4860:
Son of
Christian I, kept Bischweiler, while his brother John Charles gained Gelnhausen.Inherited Birkenfeld from his cousin Charles Otto, and annexed Bischweiler to it.
4413:
6145:. First, its left bank territories were occupied (and then annexed) by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of
6025:. First, its left bank territories were occupied (and then annexed) by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of
4274:
3709:
3649:
6424:
3744:
4221:
4178:
3889:
2164:
Had a strong interest in astronomy and mathematics. Abdicated in 1490 to spend the remainder of his life in scientific pursuits. Mosbach reverted to the Electorate.
1430:
333:
5929:
4825:
2645:
2521:
321:
3790:
5635:
1388:
occupied Palatinate, but wasn't recognized as Count Palatine, as he was defending the position of his younger nephews against the claimancy of his older nephew,
2957:
2478:
444:
in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the
4031:
3240:
6417:
6180:) with Mainz as the state capital. The people had felt neglected by the governments in Munich for generations and later approved the merger in a plebiscite.
4741:
3764:
1793:
1506:
6172:
the American Military Government of Germany took the Lower Palatinate from Bavaria and merged it with neighbouring territories to form a new state called
2115:
2530:
Divided the land. Robert was a younger brother of Louis II, and Wolfgang was Louis' son. Technically, Robert held both lands during Wolfgang's minority.
315:
5864:
3931:
1439:
4373:
1726:
4379:
104:
3187:
5765:
5317:
4985:
2717:
76:
5476:
3568:
5989:
4234:
2721:
5608:
4637:
1919:
5379:
4690:
1202:
Otto II served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto II's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Louis received the Palatinate.
83:
5780:
5353:
2971:
6787:
6278:
4071:
2130:
17:
5280:
Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Charles III, and annexed Kleeburg to it. Left no descendants. His lands went to Birkenfeld line.
4338:
2274:
6802:
5540:
5036:
4631:
3857:
Children of John I, divided the land: John Kept Zweibrücken, Frederick Casimir received Landsberg and John Casimir inherited Kleeburg.
3613:
3522:
2444:
He introduced the Reformation into Simmern which led to increased tensions with his neighbours, the Archbishoprics of Trier and Mainz.
2095:
2649:
2548:
2449:
1118:
90:
5101:
4851:
4684:
3692:
3125:
2936:
292:
271:
5824:
3810:
2086:
6792:
5566:
4920:
4287:
3905:
2659:
243:
3696:
3081:
2316:
2241:
6141:(on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. The Palatinate was dissolved in the
6021:(on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. The Palatinate was dissolved in the
5575:
2623:
2217:
72:
46:
4762:
4510:
3426:
3367:
3329:
3203:
2044:
1401:
1148:
377:. This explains the composition of the inheritance that comprised the Upper and Rhenish Palatinate in the following centuries.
265:
203:
6797:
4313:
3883:
3047:
411:
4585:
2977:
6393:
6388:
6287:
5733:
5697:
5397:
4137:
1236:
1160:
405:
5497:
4877:
4868:
4806:
3730:
3261:
4605:
1897:
249:
5651:
3984:
2791:
2409:
2068:
1581:
1389:
509:
and southern Germany. From that time forth, the Count Palatine of the Rhine was usually known as the Elector Palatine (
3110:
6782:
6368:
6245:
4846:
4468:
3785:
3489:
2911:. The Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the
2538:
2495:
2235:
1852:
1808:
309:
6240:. Regionalgeschichte-fundiert und kompakt (in German) (First ed.). Karlsruhe: G. Braun Buchverlag. p. 17.
5595:
5502:
3358:
Children of Frederick III, divided the land: Louis received the Electorate, and John Casimir was given a portion at
3266:
6383:
6378:
5924:
5888:
5672:
5333:
5068:
5016:
5000:
4940:
4652:
3848:
1767:
167:
4282:
Reunited Palatinate-Veldenz in 1654. However, left no surviving male descendants. Veldenz went to the Electorate.
97:
53:
6348:
6271:
5850:
5482:
5430:
2900:
2835:
1332:
6398:
6358:
6338:
6125:
5958:
5115:
4057:
3452:
3209:
3151:
2708:
2586:
275:
61:
5230:
57:
6363:
6323:
6142:
6022:
4971:
3947:
2870:
1988:
5744:
4308:
3665:
3629:
3589:
3543:
3074:
Philip Louis (the eldest son) received Neuburg, and absorbed his childless brothers land after their deaths.
2683:
2516:
219:
dynasty, which governed several counties on both banks of the Rhine. These territories were centered around
6373:
6343:
6236:
Kohnle, Armin (2005). "Mittelalterliche Grundlagen; Pfalzgraftenamt, Territorialentwicklung und Kurwürde".
4886:
2730:
1385:
1344:
424:
6674:
5867:, brother of Christian IV. Succeeded his uncle, but left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
1527:
Son of Rudolph I and brother of Rudolph II. In January 1356 was recognized as the First Elector Palatine.
6313:
6303:
2458:
1657:
1545:
2039:
Brother of his predecessor. Left no legitimate heirs to the Electorate. He was succeeded by his nephew.
6723:
6632:
6353:
6318:
6308:
6298:
6264:
5603:
His children from his morganatic marriage were barred from succession. He was succeeded by his nephew.
5160:
4670:
4579:
3894:
3508:
3292:
3051:
2688:
1865:
1596:
1471:
6660:
3911:
6573:
6333:
4831:
4574:
electoral title, also that of "Elector Palatine" but lower in precedence than the other electorates.
4529:
3065:
Frederick received Vohenstrauss-Parkstein, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
2800:
2353:
1297:
1207:
518:
441:
6138:
6018:
5984:
5845:
5629:
5546:
5532:
5523:
5297:
5288:
5207:
5155:
4448:
4439:
4354:
3834:
3105:
2569:
2473:
2332:
2293:
2110:
537:
162:
between 915 to 1803. From 1261 (formally 1356), the title holder was a member of the small group of
6777:
6749:
6328:
4007:
2704:
2180:
1109:
361:
and Rhineland. (Other branches of the Hohenstaufen dynasty received territories including lands in
5657:
4427:
Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Frederick in 1661, and annexed Landsberg to it. In 1677 the
2002:
5903:
5173:
Son of Charles Gustavus (Charles X of Sweden), assumed the restored Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Also
3770:
3172:
1939:
1189:
1152:
429:
On the marriage of the Welf heiress Agnes in the early 13th century, the territory passed to the
255:
5359:
6646:
6188:
5969:
4017:
alone, but retained all his electoral dignities and the seniority of the Palatinate Electorate.
2139:
1913:
1633:
1393:
472:
381:
346:
193:
5614:
1610:
6608:
6594:
6512:
6078:
6068:
6058:
6046:
5949:
5816:
5186:
4022:
2337:
1465:. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Robert, son of the pushed Count Adolf.
859:
398:
3574:
1732:
1396:
in 1329, as Emperor, Louis made formal his donation, pushing back the claimant Count Adolf.
6562:
6547:
6173:
6042:
5812:
5800:
5424:
5134:
5095:
5028:
5012:
4913:
4782:
4723:
4495:
4394:
4330:
4097:
4003:
3977:
3878:
3482:
3344:
3322:
3157:
3031:
2928:
2783:
2770:
2616:
2383:
2210:
2171:
2018:
1890:
1687:
1626:
1575:
1536:
1500:
1425:
1368:
1321:
1231:
1184:
1133:
560:
522:
430:
350:
303:
171:
5408:
1155:
in 1214. So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was assassinated 1231.
418:
8:
6702:
6688:
6498:
6484:
5759:
5561:
5374:
5251:
5052:
4705:
4600:
4567:
4255:
4194:
4158:
3926:
3435:
3401:
3224:
1934:
1788:
1454:
1373:
1258:
1138:
545:
468:
327:
3068:
Otto Henry received Sulzbach, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
2554:
1216:
6536:
6198:
6118:
5004:
4966:
4757:
4502:
4092:
4052:
3839:
3671:
3635:
3388:
3146:
2992:
2952:
2904:
2885:
2864:
2815:
2764:
2759:
2430:
2390:
2256:
2154:
2063:
1979:
1829:
1747:
1693:
1458:
1326:
541:
533:
529:
5008:
6241:
6150:
6030:
6003:
5443:
4458:
4428:
1840:
1718:
980:
933:
159:
4736:
Brother of Charles Gustavus, received Kleeburg after the abdication of his brother.
6737:
6164:
Following the great restorations of 1815, the Lower Palatinate (albeit without any
5508:
5236:
5225:. After his death with no descendants, Zweibrücken was inherited by Kleeburg line.
4710:
4037:
3819:
3439:
2435:
1707:
514:
513:). The position of prince-elector had existed earlier (for example, when two rival
476:
433:
27:
Counts Palatine of the Rhine, Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, and Elector Palatines
6087:
4897:
3362:. The latter didn't have descendants, and his portion returned to the Electorate.
3131:
1306:
366:
353:. The territories attached to this hereditary office began with those held by the
6761:
6194:
5712:
5107:
4999:
When the Simmern branch of the family died out in 1685, the electorate passed to
4368:
Left no male surviving descendants. Zweibrucken was inherited by Landsberg line.
4143:
3961:
3528:
2668:
2121:
1648:
1517:
151:
143:
6153:
was abolished, and all the rights and responsibilities of the electors with it.
6033:
was abolished, and all the rights and responsibilities of the electors with it.
4951:
3246:
2899:
When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the electorate passed to
525:), though it is difficult to determine exactly the earliest date of the office.
6447:
6165:
5720:
5218:
5192:
5174:
4992:
4619:
3394:
3359:
3116:
1280:. As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name
1249:
1195:
493:
488:
480:
452:. As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name
370:
259:
163:
5515:
Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Gustavus, and annexed Birkenfeld to it.
5140:
4555:
3595:
2501:
2343:
2304:
1721:
to his possessions, and, after his death, Zweibrücken split off from Simmern.
374:
6771:
6256:
6149:. The Rhenish Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In 1806, the
6029:. The Rhenish Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In 1806, the
3466:
3306:
3043:
2574:
1814:
394:
5830:
4570:
in 1648, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate and was given a
4405:
1773:
6169:
5909:
5079:
4536:
4479:
4240:
4200:
1957:
1410:
354:
232:
155:
6756:
6184:
4663:
4319:
4293:
4116:
3373:
3024:
Son of John II. Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
2912:
185:
5727:). Left no descendants, and the Electorates passed to Zweibrücken line.
5015:), son of Wolfgang William. He was a Catholic and a maternal nephew of
1559:
4927:
3496:
3443:
3407:
3351:
2892:
2849:
2630:
2397:
2025:
1945:
1904:
1758:
549:
419:
The Palatinate under the Wittelsbach: the Electoral dignity (1214–1803)
4820:
Left no surviving descendants. Birkenfeld passed to Bischweiler line.
2966:
Son of John II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
1671:
1339:
Ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother
1169:
6010:
5995:
5787:
5122:
4729:
4716:
4611:
3937:
2908:
2877:
553:
498:
358:
5449:
1485:
1392:. Ten years later gave it to his nephews, sons of Rudolph. With the
35:
6226:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition, p. 16
5935:
5898:
Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother William.
5772:
5581:
5385:
5166:
4457:
Palatinate-Zweibrücken (with Landsberg) was briefly annexed to the
4077:
1353:
2744:
2600:
2415:
2367:
1288:) became common from the early 16th century, to contrast with the
566:
460:) became common from the early 16th century, to contrast with the
5856:
5344:
3999:
3336:
1961:
1699:
437:
228:
220:
216:
5312:
Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John.
3715:
1972:. Left no descendants. Neumarkt reverted to Palatinate-Mosbach.
369:). Part of this land derived from their imperial ancestors, the
6202:
6088:
Electors of Bavaria and counts palatine of the Rhine, 1777–1803
5436:
4977:
4517:
4103:
3991:
2916:
2484:
2224:
2074:
1969:
1965:
1640:
1277:
502:
449:
440:. During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke
362:
5062:
Left no descendants. His lands went to his brother, Gustavus.
4876:
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler definitely reannexed to the
6168:
role) was restored as one of eight Bavarian Districts. After
6146:
6026:
5683:
4768:
548:
in the Upper Palatinate. The Elector Palatine, now based in
506:
483:. The count was given the hereditary offices of Archsteward (
236:
215:
During the 11th century, the Palatinate was dominated by the
5948:
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen definitely annexed to the
5471:
Left no descendants. The Electorate went to Sulzbach line.
1953:
1799:
291:
1085, after the death of the last Ezzonian count palatine,
224:
177:
5531:
Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld definitely reannexed to
282:
4775:
Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
4431:
occupied his duchies. He left no surviving descendants.
4275:
George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg
4229:
Reunited Sulzbach after John Frederick's death in 1644.
1457:
confirmed the right to participate in the election of a
4222:
John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein
5129:
Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
2404:
Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
6721:
6067:
Palatinate-Zweibrücken was definitely annexed to the
4447:
Palatinate-Landsberg was definitely reannexed to the
345:
The first hereditary count palatine of the Rhine was
6137:
Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of
6017:
Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of
5296:
Palatinate-Kleeburg was definitely reannexed to the
6077:Electoral Palatinate was definitely annexed to the
2637:Left no descendants. He was succeeded by a cousin.
4002:from the Bohemian estates. He was defeated by the
479:, recognized the Palatinate as one of the secular
373:, and part from Conrad's maternal ancestors, the
170:. Since then, the title has also referred to as "
6769:
5865:Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
567:Partitions of Palatinate under Wittelsbach rule
340:
189:which came into existence in the 10th century.
6286:
6191:(born 1933), is still traditionally styled as
6425:
6272:
4111:Catharina Charlotte of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3791:Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3188:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein
1461:to the Count Palatine, title that evolved to
4066:Son of Elector Frederick, restored Simmern.
4021:Electoral Palatinate briefly annexed to the
639:
62:introducing citations to additional sources
6450:of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806
5942:In 1799 his lands were annexed to Bavaria.
4618:Abdicated from Kleeburg in 1654, to become
4400:Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
4124:Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
6432:
6418:
6279:
6265:
4626:, right hat he inherited from his mother.
4679:Son of Christian I, received Gelnhausen.
3704:Children of Charles I, divided the land.
3558:Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3278:Vohenstrauss-Parkstein annexed to Neuburg
349:, who was the younger brother of Emperor
5766:Elisabeth Auguste of Palatinate-Sulzbach
5693:
5591:
5304:
4270:
4217:
4132:Son of Philip Louis, inherited Neuburg.
3688:
3504:
3422:
3059:Children of Wolfgang, divided the land:
3039:
2826:
2718:Robert of Palatinate, bishop of Freising
2700:
2534:
2311:Sons of Louis the Black, ruled jointly.
1848:
178:Counts palatine of Lotharingia, 915–1085
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4812:Margaret Hedwig of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
4658:Sophie Amalie of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3693:Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg
3427:John Casimir, Count Palatine of Lautern
2650:Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
2081:Children of Stephen, divided the land.
559:
552:, adopted Lutheranism in the 1530s and
388:
283:Counts palatine of the Rhine, 1085–1214
14:
6770:
6235:
1149:Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria
1017:
971:
930:
901:
782:
738:
680:
610:
393:In 1195, the Palatinate passed to the
73:"List of counts palatine of the Rhine"
6413:
6260:
6229:
5990:Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
5567:Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne
4314:Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg
3697:John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
3048:William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
994:
993:
940:
926:
925:
921:
920:
886:
866:
852:
851:
812:
811:
783:
778:
777:
741:
739:
697:
681:
669:
668:
653:
637:
627:
608:
598:
597:
5930:Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
5458:Violante Theresia of Thurn and Taxis
3970:19 September 1610 – 23 February 1623
3417:Lautern reabsorbed in the Electorate
29:
5808:30 December 1777 - 16 February 1799
5796:31 December 1742 - 30 December 1777
5339:Ernestine Louise of Waldeck-Pyrmont
4986:Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
4606:Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
3998:In 1619, he accepted the throne of
3884:Emilia Antwerpiana of Orange-Nassau
3754:Anne Elizabeth of Öttingen-Öttingen
3475:22 October 1583 – 19 September 1610
3016:Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz
2779:26 December 1556 – 12 February 1559
2203:12 December 1476 – 28 February 1508
436:, who were also counts palatine of
227:, but extended south to the rivers
210:
24:
6788:Lists of office-holders in Germany
4781:Simmern definitely annexed to the
4360:Anna Juliane of Nassau-Saarbrücken
4329:Veldenz definitely annexed to the
2924:12 February 1559 – 26 October 1576
2170:Mosbach definitely annexed to the
1532:10 January 1356 – 16 February 1390
1390:Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
1078:
235:. The southernmost point was near
158:in the Kingdom of Germany and the
25:
6814:
6803:Prince-electors of the Palatinate
6183:The present head of the House of
5498:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
5380:Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
4878:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
4869:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
4847:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
4807:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
3786:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
3731:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
3315:26 October 1576 – 22 October 1583
3262:Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
2539:Robert, Count Palatine of Veldenz
2011:13 August 1449 – 12 December 1476
1883:30 December 1436 – 13 August 1449
1853:Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach
1590:Son of the claimant count Adolf.
206:, count of the Jülichgau (c. 940)
6755:
6743:
6731:
6697:
6683:
6669:
6655:
6641:
6627:
6603:
6589:
6568:
6557:
6542:
6531:
6507:
6493:
6479:
6452:
6441:
6159:
6117:
6038:16 February 1799 - 27 April 1803
5968:
5925:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
5908:
5889:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
5829:
5781:Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
5743:
5698:Charles Philip, Elector Palatine
5673:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
5656:
5613:
5545:
5481:
5407:
5358:
5334:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
5235:
5191:
5139:
5078:
4950:
4896:
4852:Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein
4830:
4689:
4653:Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
4636:
4584:
4478:
4378:
4292:
4239:
4142:
4076:
4036:
3960:
3910:
3849:Louise Juliana of the Palatinate
3818:
3769:
3714:
3603:Anne Elizabeth of the Palatinate
3573:
3527:
3465:
3372:
3305:
3245:
3208:
3171:
3130:
3089:
2976:
2848:
2799:
2743:
2667:
2609:16 March 1544 – 26 December 1556
2599:
2553:
2500:
2457:
2414:
2376:28 February 1508 – 16 March 1544
2366:
2299:Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
2240:
2193:
2138:
2094:
2001:
1918:
1813:
1772:
1731:
1670:
1609:
1568:16 January 1390 – 6 January 1398
1558:
1484:
1409:
1352:
1305:
1215:
1168:
1117:
540:in the Lower Palatinate, and in
182:The Palatinate emerged from the
168:emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
6793:Holy Roman Empire-related lists
4921:Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
4488:24 October 1648- 28 August 1680
4208:Sophie Agnes of Hesse-Darmstadt
3490:Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau
3461:(Friedrich IV. der Aufrichtige)
3111:Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
3030:Simmern briefly annexed to the
2907:, son of John II and a staunch
1978:Neumarkt definitely annexed to
274:1061/1064–1085 (in tutelage to
6238:Kleine Geschichte der Kurpfalz
6216:
6054:27 April 1803 - 1 January 1806
5678:Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun
5596:Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
5503:Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
5417:8 June 1716 - 31 December 1742
5257:Dorothea of Palatinate-Veldenz
5088:2 September 1690 – 8 June 1716
5024:26 May 1685 – 2 September 1690
4549:Elisabeth Hollander von Bernau
4058:Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg
3956:(Friedrich V. der Winterkönig)
3679:Susanna of Palatinate-Sulzbach
3301:(Ludwig VI. der Leichtsinnige)
3267:Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2828:Neuburg annexed to Zweibrücken
2709:Frederick II, Elector Palatine
1680:18 May 1410 – 30 December 1436
276:Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
127:counts palatine of Lotharingia
13:
1:
6205:, Count Palatine of the Rhine
6143:Wars of the French Revolution
6023:Wars of the French Revolution
5102:Maria Anna Josepha of Austria
3736:Dorothea of Solms-Sonnenwalde
3230:Dorothea Maria of Württemberg
2871:Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
2739:(Ottheinrich. der Großmütige)
1997:(Friedrich I. der Siegreiche)
1276:) centred around the town of
448:) centred around the town of
401:, heir to the Staufen count.
288:
197:
6798:Counts Palatine of the Rhine
5267:Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann
4906:28 August 1680 – 26 May 1685
4522:(unilateral divorce in 1658)
3800:Maria Joanna of Helffenstein
3071:Charles received Birkenfeld;
2362:(Ludwig V. der Friedfertige)
2262:Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken
2189:(Philipp I. der Aufrichtige)
1874:(Ludwig IV. der Sanftmütige)
1794:Catherine of Pomerania-Stolp
1619:6 January 1398 – 18 May 1410
1605:(Ruprecht III. der Gerechte)
1501:County Palatine of the Rhine
1426:County Palatine of the Rhine
1369:County Palatine of the Rhine
1322:County Palatine of the Rhine
1232:County Palatine of the Rhine
1185:County Palatine of the Rhine
1134:County Palatine of the Rhine
622:Simmern-Sponheim (1559-1598)
577:County Palatine of the Rhine
425:Electorate of the Palatinate
341:Hohenstaufen counts palatine
297:County Palatine of the Rhine
131:counts palatine of the Rhine
7:
5576:Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
5116:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici
4566:Son of Frederick V. By the
3285:Sulzbach annexed to Neuburg
3193:Katharina Sophie of Legnica
2844:(Friedrich III. der Fromme)
473:inner-Wittelsbach contracts
154:who ruled some part of the
18:Count Palatine of the Rhine
10:
6819:
6288:Electors of the Palatinate
5431:Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł
5161:Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark
4671:Esther Maria von Witzleben
4164:Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp
3985:Elizabeth of Great Britain
3062:John received Zweibrücken;
3052:Louis VI, Elector Palatine
1835:Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut
1374:Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor
1057:
998:
888:
827:
792:
763:
716:
673:
584:
575:
422:
135:electors of the Palatinate
6623:Added in the 19th century
6585:Added in the 17th century
6462:
6294:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6094:
6075:
6065:
6016:
5988:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5956:
5946:
5763:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5731:
5704:
5602:
5529:
5514:
5501:
5493:
5487:
5480:
5475:
5311:
5294:
5279:
5255:
5247:
5241:
5234:
5229:
4998:
4970:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4938:
4874:
4859:
4850:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4779:
4541:(morganatic and bigamous)
4530:Marie Luise von Degenfeld
4511:Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
4455:
4445:
4426:
4414:Anna Marie Elisabeth Hepp
4398:
4390:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4327:
4281:
4228:
4171:
4015:
3856:
3703:
3515:
3433:
3415:
3357:
3283:
3276:
3058:
3028:
2898:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2833:
2763:
2755:
2749:
2742:
2728:
2715:
2641:
2595:(Friedrich II. der Weise)
2529:
2310:
2168:
2080:
1976:
1859:
1716:
1666:(Ludwig III. der Bärtige)
1526:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1469:
1452:
1386:Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria
1383:
1338:
1270:
1085:
1036:
957:
885:
856:
840:
814:
799:
785:
750:
685:
657:
652:
636:
442:Louis II of Upper Bavaria
272:Hermann II of Lotharingia
6783:Lists of German nobility
6210:
5217:Son of Charles II. Also
4972:Anna Catherine of Poland
4008:Battle of White Mountain
3745:Juliana of Salm-Grumbach
3549:Elisabeth of Württemberg
2705:Philip, Elector Palatine
1554:(Ruprecht II. der Harte)
397:through the marriage of
310:Siegfried of Ballenstedt
293:Herman II of Lotharingia
244:Hermann I of Lotharingia
6193:His Royal Highness the
5017:Maximilian I of Bavaria
4261:Amalie of Nassau-Siegen
1940:Dorothea of Brandenburg
1431:Anna of Carinthia-Tyrol
1190:Agnes of the Palatinate
1153:Palatinate of the Rhine
334:Hermann III of Stahleck
196:, count of the Bidgau (
150:), the titles of three
6224:Histoire du Luxembourg
6189:Franz, Duke of Bavaria
5985:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5964:(Maximilian I. Joseph)
5851:Maria Amalia of Saxony
5846:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5724:
5716:
5630:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5533:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5524:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5298:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5289:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5208:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
5156:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
4934:Last of Simmern line.
4763:Maria of Orange-Nassau
4449:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
4440:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
4355:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3835:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
3106:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
2646:Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg
2570:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
2522:Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg
2474:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
2333:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
2294:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
2111:Palatinate-Zweibrücken
1634:Elisabeth of Nuremberg
1480:(Ruprecht I. der Rote)
517:were elected in 1257:
511:Kurfürst von der Pfalz
471:, in circumvention of
382:Conrad of Hohenstaufen
347:Conrad of Hohenstaufen
322:William of Ballenstedt
266:Henry I of Lotharingia
194:Wigeric of Lotharingia
148:Kurfürst von der Pfalz
147:
6079:Electorate of Bavaria
6069:Electorate of Bavaria
6059:Electorate of Bavaria
6047:Electorate of Bavaria
5950:Electorate of Bavaria
5817:Electorate of Bavaria
5725:Comes Palatinus Rheni
5636:Maria Johanna Camasse
4023:Electorate of Bavaria
3007:Emilie of Württemberg
2338:Amalie of Brandenburg
1151:. Louis obtained the
860:Electorate of Bavaria
256:Otto I of Lotharingia
6222:Kreins, Jean-Marie.
6174:Rhineland-Palatinate
6043:Electoral Palatinate
5879:13/18 September 1745
5813:Electoral Palatinate
5801:Electoral Palatinate
5425:Electoral Palatinate
5096:Electoral Palatinate
5029:Electoral Palatinate
4914:Electoral Palatinate
4783:Electoral Palatinate
4724:Elsa Elisabeth Brahe
4496:Electoral Palatinate
4395:Palatinate-Landsberg
4331:Electoral Palatinate
4098:Magdalene of Bavaria
4004:Emperor Ferdinand II
3978:Electoral Palatinate
3879:Palatinate-Landsberg
3483:Electoral Palatinate
3345:Anne of Ostfriesland
3323:Electoral Palatinate
3158:Neuburg an der Donau
3032:Electoral Palatinate
2929:Electoral Palatinate
2784:Electoral Palatinate
2771:Neuburg an der Donau
2617:Electoral Palatinate
2384:Electoral Palatinate
2211:Electoral Palatinate
2172:Electoral Palatinate
2069:Margaret of Guelders
2019:Electoral Palatinate
1891:Electoral Palatinate
1688:Electoral Palatinate
1627:Electoral Palatinate
1576:Electoral Palatinate
1537:Electoral Palatinate
1059:Electoral Palatinate
1038:Electoral Palatinate
962:Electoral Palatinate
942:Electoral Palatinate
868:Electoral Palatinate
699:Electoral Palatinate
586:Electoral Palatinate
561:House of Wittelsbach
523:Alfonso X of Castile
487:) of the Empire and
389:Welf counts palatine
351:Frederick Barbarossa
328:Henry IV Jasomirgott
304:Heinrich II of Laach
58:improve this article
6126:Maximilian I Joseph
5760:Palatinate-Sulzbach
5717:Pfalzgraf bei Rhein
5562:Palatinate-Sulzbach
5403:(Karl III. Philipp)
5375:Palatinate-Sulzbach
5307:Regency (1704-1711)
5252:Palatinate-Kleeburg
5053:Palatinate-Kleeburg
4996:seventeen children
4706:Palatinate-Kleeburg
4601:Palatinate-Kleeburg
4568:Peace of Westphalia
4256:Palatinate-Sulzbach
4195:Palatinate-Sulzbach
4159:Palatinate-Sulzbach
3932:Catherine of Sweden
3927:Palatinate-Kleeburg
3436:Christian of Anhalt
3402:Elisabeth of Saxony
3225:Palatinate-Sulzbach
2624:Dorothea of Denmark
2218:Margaret of Bavaria
1935:Palatinate-Neumarkt
1789:Palatinate-Neumarkt
1455:Golden Bull of 1356
1139:Ludmilla of Bohemia
572:
519:Richard of Cornwall
475:and thus bypassing
469:Golden Bull of 1356
250:Ezzo of Lotharingia
184:County Palatine of
125:This article lists
6468:
6389:Charles III Philip
5248:17 September 1731
4967:Palatinate-Neuburg
4758:Palatinate-Simmern
4309:Palatinate-Veldenz
4235:Christian Augustus
4211:7/17 November 1624
4093:Palatinate-Neuburg
4053:Palatinate-Simmern
3840:Catherine de Rohan
3666:Palatinate-Veldenz
3630:Palatinate-Veldenz
3590:Palatinate-Veldenz
3544:Palatinate-Veldenz
3389:Palatinate-Simmern
3330:Elisabeth of Hesse
3235:thirteen children
3147:Palatinate-Neuburg
2993:Palatinate-Simmern
2958:Elisabeth of Hesse
2953:Palatinate-Simmern
2886:Amalia of Neuenahr
2865:Palatinate-Simmern
2816:Palatinate-Neuburg
2765:Susanna of Bavaria
2760:Palatinate-Neuburg
2684:Palatinate-Veldenz
2580:thirteen children
2560:26 September 1526
2517:Palatinate-Veldenz
2479:Elisabeth of Hesse
2431:Palatinate-Simmern
2391:Sibylle of Bavaria
2257:Palatinate-Simmern
2155:Palatinate-Mosbach
2064:Palatinate-Simmern
1980:Palatinate-Mosbach
1830:Palatinate-Mosbach
1748:Palatinate-Simmern
1694:Blanche of England
1582:Beatrice of Sicily
1507:Elisabeth of Namur
1459:Holy Roman Emperor
1448:Son of Rudolph I.
1440:Margaret of Sicily
1259:Matilda of Austria
571:
200: 915/916–922)
6750:Holy Roman Empire
6719:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6553:(until 1777)
6407:
6406:
6399:Maximilian Joseph
6157:
6156:
6151:Holy Roman Empire
6131:16 February 1799
6095:Zweibrücken Line
6085:
6084:
6031:Holy Roman Empire
6004:Caroline of Baden
5993:30 September 1785
5959:Maximilian Joseph
5756:16 February 1799
5750:11 December 1724
5739:(Karl IV Theodor)
5702:
5644:
5600:
5506:21 September 1719
5444:Teresa Lubomirska
5318:Frederick Bernard
5309:
4963:2 September 1690
4957:24 November 1615
4946:(Philipp Wilhelm)
4925:20 September 1671
4815:26 September 1658
4766:23 September 1666
4544:thirteen children
4459:Kingdom of France
4429:Kingdom of France
4422:
4409:thirteen children
4305:29 September 1694
4279:
4226:
4204:
4089:14 September 1653
3995:thirteen children
3875:30 September 1645
3863:Frederick Casimir
3701:
3675:
3662:29 September 1654
3639:
3599:
3586:18 September 1611
3513:
3478:19 September 1610
3440:Evangelical Union
3438:, he founded the
3434:With his adviser
3431:
3398:
3155:27 September 1574
3056:
2855:14 February 1515
2756:12 February 1559
2713:
2654:
2543:
2482:10 September 1525
2464:14 September 1502
2265:29 September 1481
2228:fourteen children
2133:the Mathematician
1943:12 September 1445
1898:Margaret of Savoy
1857:
1719:County of Veldenz
1497:16 February 1390
1327:Matilda of Nassau
1292:along the Rhine.
1130:15 September 1231
1076:
1075:
1070:
1049:
1030:
1011:
987:
953:
934:Kingdom of France
914:
879:
834:
821:
757:
723:
710:
664:
646:
623:
617:
591:
464:along the Rhine.
408:of Welf 1195–1213
316:Gottfried of Kalw
160:Holy Roman Empire
123:
122:
108:
16:(Redirected from
6810:
6760:
6759:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6727:
6708:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6614:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6411:
6410:
6394:Charles Theodore
6281:
6274:
6267:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6233:
6227:
6220:
6121:
6092:
6091:
5981:13 October 1825
5972:
5915:10 November 1752
5912:
5854:12 February 1774
5833:
5785:15 February 1795
5747:
5734:Charles Theodore
5711:
5694:
5669:10 February 1780
5660:
5642:
5620:6 September 1722
5617:
5592:
5570:15 February 1722
5549:
5494:3 February 1735
5488:7 November 1674
5485:
5447:15 December 1701
5420:31 December 1742
5411:
5365:14 February 1659
5362:
5354:Theodore Eustace
5305:
5239:
5204:30 November 1718
5195:
5146:24 November 1655
5143:
5082:
5074:(Johann Wilhelm)
4990:3 September 1653
4954:
4900:
4855:5 September 1667
4834:
4797:5 September 1625
4711:Elsa Beata Brahe
4693:
4649:21 February 1704
4640:
4597:13 February 1660
4588:
4580:Charles Gustavus
4553:11 December 1679
4515:22 February 1650
4485:22 December 1617
4482:
4474:(Karl I. Ludwig)
4420:
4403:14 November 1645
4385:27 October 1619
4382:
4323:twelve children
4296:
4271:
4243:
4218:
4198:
4146:
4114:11 November 1631
4101:11 November 1613
4080:
4072:Wolfgang William
4043:23 November 1602
4040:
3989:14 February 1613
3973:29 November 1632
3964:
3914:
3898:
3822:
3794:14 November 1630
3782:6 September 1654
3773:
3748:30 November 1641
3739:30 November 1616
3727:25 December 1669
3718:
3695:(1600-1612) and
3689:
3684:eleven children
3682:20 December 1562
3669:
3633:
3620:24 November 1577
3593:
3580:26 November 1575
3577:
3563:eleven children
3531:
3505:
3469:
3446:states in 1608.
3423:
3392:
3376:
3309:
3270:23 November 1590
3258:16 December 1600
3252:4 September 1560
3249:
3233:25 November 1582
3212:
3196:26 February 1587
3184:17 December 1597
3175:
3134:
3093:
3040:
3019:14 December 1589
2998:Julianna of Wied
2980:
2943:20 February 1518
2861:26 October 1576
2852:
2806:12 November 1503
2803:
2747:
2707:(1505-1508) and
2701:
2692:20 December 1562
2671:
2648:(1544-1546) and
2642:
2612:26 December 1556
2603:
2578:24 February 1544
2557:
2535:
2504:
2461:
2436:Beatrix of Baden
2418:
2395:23 February 1511
2370:
2284:26 November 1462
2244:
2206:28 February 1508
2197:
2142:
2125:twelve children
2098:
2060:29 November 1480
2054:19 November 1417
2014:12 December 1476
2005:
1960:(1440–1448), in
1931:5/6 January 1448
1925:26 February 1416
1922:
1849:
1817:
1776:
1744:14 February 1459
1735:
1712:30 November 1417
1708:Matilda of Savoy
1683:30 December 1436
1674:
1613:
1562:
1488:
1463:Elector Palatine
1413:
1356:
1330:1 September 1294
1309:
1290:Lower Palatinate
1282:Upper Palatinate
1237:Maria of Brabant
1219:
1181:29 November 1253
1172:
1124:23 December 1173
1121:
1083:
1082:
1068:
1066:Zweibrücken Line
1062:
1047:
1041:
1028:
1022:
1009:
1003:
985:
976:
964:
951:
945:
912:
906:
877:
871:
832:
819:
806:
770:
755:
721:
708:
702:
692:
662:
644:
621:
615:
589:
573:
570:
515:kings of Germany
462:Lower Palatinate
454:Upper Palatinate
434:dukes of Bavaria
290:
211:House of Ezzonen
199:
172:Elector Palatine
166:who elected the
142:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
38:
30:
21:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6778:Lists of counts
6768:
6767:
6766:
6754:
6744:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6722:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6578:
6577:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6458:
6453:
6451:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6408:
6403:
6369:Charles I Louis
6290:
6285:
6255:
6248:
6234:
6230:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6195:Duke of Bavaria
6178:Rheinland-Pfalz
6162:
6090:
6014:eight children
6013:
6009:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5962:
5938:
5934:
5933:30 January 1780
5932:
5859:
5855:
5853:
5836:29 October 1746
5790:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:17 January 1742
5769:
5737:
5707:
5686:
5682:
5680:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5626:5 November 1775
5584:
5580:
5579:21 January 1731
5578:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5552:23 January 1700
5511:
5507:
5505:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5414:4 November 1661
5401:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5125:
5121:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:Wiener Neustadt
5106:
5105:25 October 1678
5104:
5072:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4944:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4890:
4857:seven children
4856:
4854:
4816:
4814:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4748:11 October 1640
4732:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4702:24 October 1689
4696:21 October 1629
4675:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4643:17 October 1638
4614:
4610:
4609:24 October 1654
4608:
4591:8 November 1622
4562:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4514:
4499:
4472:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4374:Frederick Louis
4364:
4362:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4299:1 February 1625
4265:
4263:
4213:eight children
4212:
4210:
4197:
4191:19 October 1644
4169:seven children
4168:
4166:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4083:4 November 1578
4062:
4061:4 December 1631
4060:
4019:
4018:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3954:
3950:the Winter King
3941:eight children
3940:
3936:
3934:
3900:three children
3899:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3854:seven children
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3804:
3803:28 October 1648
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3776:3 November 1598
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3632:
3626:24 October 1601
3607:
3605:
3592:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:30 October 1586
3551:
3534:6 February 1564
3523:George Gustavus
3500:eight children
3499:
3495:
3493:
3459:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3385:16 January 1592
3354:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3340:twelve children
3339:
3335:
3333:
3318:22 October 1583
3299:
3271:
3269:
3234:
3232:
3198:three children
3197:
3195:
3161:eight children
3160:
3156:
3154:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:30 January 1569
3000:
2989:13 January 1598
2962:
2960:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2881:eleven children
2880:
2876:
2875:21 October 1537
2874:
2842:
2773:
2769:
2768:16 October 1529
2767:
2737:
2733:the Magnanimous
2694:eleven children
2693:
2691:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2606:9 December 1482
2593:
2579:
2577:
2527:three children
2526:
2524:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2470:3 December 1532
2441:twelve children
2440:
2438:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2360:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2290:21 October 1514
2266:
2264:
2253:27 January 1509
2227:
2223:
2221:
2187:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2116:Johanna de Croÿ
2077:
2073:
2071:
2035:
2031:
2029:
1995:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1907:
1903:
1902:18 October 1445
1901:
1872:
1844:eight children
1843:
1839:
1837:
1803:seven children
1802:
1798:
1796:
1762:eight children
1761:
1757:
1755:
1753:Anna of Veldenz
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1677:23 January 1378
1664:
1649:King of Germany
1643:
1639:
1637:
1603:
1586:
1584:
1552:
1523:
1521:
1518:Beatrix of Berg
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1478:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1394:Treaty of Pavia
1378:
1377:14 October 1308
1376:
1365:11 October 1347
1335:
1331:
1329:
1263:
1262:24 October 1273
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1228:2 February 1294
1199:eleven children
1198:
1194:
1192:
1163:the Illustrious
1143:
1141:
1081:
1079:Table of rulers
1071:
1064:
1061:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1026:Birkenfeld Line
1024:
1021:
1012:
1010:, 2nd creation)
1005:
1002:
988:
986:, 1st creation)
978:
975:
966:
960:
954:
947:
944:
932:Annexed to the
915:
908:
905:
896:
893:
891:
880:
878:, 2nd creation)
873:
870:
848:
845:
843:
835:
831:
822:
818:
802:
796:
789:
772:
766:
758:
754:
747:
744:
735:
732:
730:
724:
720:
711:
709:, 1st creation)
704:
701:
688:
677:
665:
661:
647:
643:
631:
620:
618:
614:
604:
592:
588:
579:
569:
564:
427:
421:
414:of Welf 1213–14
391:
371:Salian Emperors
343:
285:
213:
180:
164:prince-electors
152:counts palatine
138:
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6816:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6765:
6764:
6752:
6740:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6711:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6437:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6414:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6379:Philip William
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6261:
6254:
6253:
6246:
6228:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6166:prince-elector
6161:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6135:
6134:27 April 1803
6132:
6129:
6122:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6073:
6072:
6063:
6062:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6015:
5987:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5966:
5954:
5953:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5939:three children
5927:
5922:
5921:8 January 1837
5919:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5848:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5827:
5825:Charles August
5821:
5820:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5762:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5741:
5729:
5728:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:eight children
5675:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5543:
5541:John Christian
5537:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:four children
5500:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5434:10 August 1688
5428:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5405:
5398:Charles Philip
5393:
5392:
5390:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5336:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5242:12 April 1670
5240:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5219:King of Sweden
5215:
5210:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5175:King of Sweden
5171:
5170:seven children
5158:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5099:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5076:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5043:21 August 1666
5041:
5039:
5037:Adolph John II
5033:
5032:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5007:(also Duke of
5001:Philip William
4997:
4993:Bad Schwalbach
4969:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4948:
4941:Philip William
4936:
4935:
4932:
4917:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4894:
4882:
4881:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4849:
4844:
4843:26 April 1717
4841:
4838:
4835:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:three children
4809:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4760:
4755:
4754:3 January 1674
4752:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4708:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4620:King of Sweden
4616:
4603:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4564:
4534:6 January 1658
4525:three children
4507:
4492:
4491:28 August 1680
4489:
4486:
4483:
4476:
4464:
4463:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4424:five children
4418:21 August 1672
4397:
4392:
4391:11 April 1681
4389:
4386:
4383:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4357:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4325:
4324:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4268:
4267:
4266:five children
4258:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4215:
4214:
4205:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4185:23 August 1587
4183:
4181:
4179:John Frederick
4175:
4174:
4170:
4161:
4156:
4155:14 August 1632
4153:
4150:
4149:2 October 1582
4147:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:seven children
4055:
4050:
4049:6 January 1655
4047:
4044:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4013:
4012:
3996:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:26 August 1596
3965:
3958:
3943:
3942:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3843:26 August 1604
3837:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3712:
3710:George William
3706:
3705:
3702:
3686:
3685:
3676:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3650:George John II
3646:
3645:
3640:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3614:Louis Philip I
3610:
3609:
3600:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3509:Anna of Sweden
3502:
3501:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3463:
3448:
3447:
3432:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3326:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3272:four children
3264:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3221:29 August 1604
3219:
3216:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3152:Anna of Cleves
3149:
3144:
3143:22 August 1614
3141:
3138:
3137:2 October 1547
3135:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3120:nine children
3117:Bad Bergzabern
3108:
3103:
3102:12 August 1604
3100:
3097:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3022:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:9 January 1541
2955:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2897:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2846:
2836:Frederick III
2831:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:10 April 1502
2748:
2741:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2689:Anna of Sweden
2686:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2665:
2660:George John I
2656:
2655:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2498:
2492:
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2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2446:
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2433:
2428:
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2422:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2349:
2348:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:three children
2259:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2176:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1991:the Victorious
1984:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1950:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1894:
1887:
1886:13 August 1449
1884:
1881:
1880:1 January 1424
1878:
1876:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:24 August 1390
1818:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1797:15 August 1407
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1714:five children
1691:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1668:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1644:seven children
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:seven children
1579:
1572:
1571:6 January 1398
1569:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1482:
1467:
1466:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1428:
1423:
1422:4 October 1353
1420:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1324:
1319:
1318:12 August 1319
1316:
1313:
1312:4 October 1274
1310:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1250:Anna of Głogów
1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1015:
1014:
996:
995:
991:
990:
969:
968:
956:
938:
937:
928:
927:
923:
922:
918:
917:
910:Landsberg Line
899:
898:
887:
883:
882:
864:
863:
854:
853:
850:
838:
837:
833:(2nd creation)
825:
824:
820:(2nd creation)
813:
809:
808:
798:
791:
784:
780:
779:
775:
774:
761:
760:
756:(1st creation)
749:
740:
737:
726:
722:(2nd creation)
714:
713:
695:
694:
683:
682:
679:
671:
670:
667:
663:(1st creation)
655:
654:
650:
649:
638:
634:
633:
625:
624:
616:(1st creation)
609:
606:
599:
595:
594:
582:
581:
568:
565:
563:
558:
556:in the 1550s.
534:Kaiserslautern
494:Reichsverweser
489:Imperial Vicar
423:Main article:
420:
417:
416:
415:
409:
390:
387:
386:
385:
342:
339:
338:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
284:
281:
280:
279:
269:
268:1045–1060/1061
263:
260:Duke of Swabia
253:
247:
212:
209:
208:
207:
201:
179:
176:
121:
120:
56:. Please help
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6815:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6751:
6741:
6739:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6704:
6690:
6676:
6662:
6648:
6634:
6624:
6618:
6610:
6596:
6586:
6580:
6575:
6564:
6549:
6538:
6528:
6522:
6514:
6500:
6486:
6476:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6449:
6435:
6430:
6428:
6423:
6421:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6349:Frederick III
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6249:
6247:3-7650-8329-1
6243:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6219:
6215:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6160:Later history
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6098:
6093:
6081:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6012:
6006:
6005:
5999:five children
5997:
5991:
5986:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:31 March 1789
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5701:
5699:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5646:six children
5638:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5597:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5504:
5499:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5477:Christian III
5474:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5440:four children
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5389:nine children
5387:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5348:two children
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:5 August 1739
5329:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5308:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5258:
5253:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5085:19 April 1658
5084:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:27 April 1701
5048:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4979:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4903:10 April 1651
4902:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4848:
4845:
4839:
4837:22 June 1637
4833:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:30 March 1671
4802:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4733:nine children
4731:
4725:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:Adolph John I
4683:
4682:
4678:
4676:five children
4672:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4469:Charles Louis
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4416:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:Leopold Louis
4286:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4269:
4264:27 March 1649
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4118:
4112:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3917:20 April 1589
3916:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:9 August 1635
3830:
3827:
3825:26 March 1584
3824:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3796:nine children
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3721:6 August 1591
3720:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:John Augustus
3567:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:the Righteous
3453:Frederick IV
3450:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3178:11 April 1557
3177:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3044:Anna of Hesse
3038:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3010:26 March 1578
3008:
3003:four children
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:Frederick III
2894:
2890:25 April 1569
2888:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2703:Regencies of
2699:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:18 April 1592
2679:
2676:
2674:11 April 1543
2673:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:Regencies of
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:Frederick II
2584:
2583:
2576:
2575:Anna of Hesse
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:21 March 1492
2420:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:16 March 1544
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:19 April 1478
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2308:six children
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2119:20 March 1454
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2078:ten children
2076:
2072:6 August 1454
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:1 August 1425
2007:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:Christopher I
1912:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:14 March 1443
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1651:(1400–1410).
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:27 June 1374
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:the Righteous
1594:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:8 August 1306
1415:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:six children
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1336:six children
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1300:the Stammerer
1296:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:four children
1260:
1251:
1244:
1240:2 August 1254
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:13 April 1229
1221:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:the Kelheimer
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1045:Sulzbach Line
1039:
1035:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1007:Kleeburg Line
1001:
997:
992:
984:
983:Kleeburg Line
982:
974:
970:
965:
963:
950:
943:
939:
936:
935:
929:
924:
919:
911:
904:
900:
895:
884:
876:
869:
865:
862:
861:
855:
847:
839:
830:
826:
817:
810:
807:
805:
795:
788:
781:
776:
771:
769:
762:
753:
746:
734:
731:-Vohenstrauss
727:
719:
715:
707:
700:
696:
693:
691:
684:
676:
672:
660:
656:
651:
642:
635:
630:
626:
613:
607:
603:
600:
596:
587:
583:
578:
574:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
426:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
402:
400:
396:
395:House of Welf
383:
380:
379:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:Franche-Comté
364:
360:
356:
355:Hohenstaufens
352:
348:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
298:
294:
277:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
205:
202:
195:
192:
191:
190:
188:
187:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
47:single source
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6622:
6584:
6526:
6517:(until 1803)
6503:(until 1803)
6489:(until 1803)
6474:
6384:John William
6359:Frederick IV
6339:Frederick II
6237:
6231:
6223:
6218:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6170:World War II
6163:
6124:
6076:
6066:
6057:
6041:
6008:9 March 1797
6002:
5975:27 May 1756
5963:
5957:
5947:
5893:
5873:Charles John
5842:1 April 1795
5811:
5799:
5791:no children
5779:
5764:
5738:
5732:
5695:
5643:(morganatic)
5634:
5609:Christian IV
5593:
5572:two children
5558:20 July 1733
5530:
5465:(morganatic)
5464:
5456:
5453:two children
5423:
5402:
5396:
5371:11 July 1732
5306:
5295:
5277:no children
5274:(morganatic)
5273:
5265:
5260:10 July 1707
5222:
5212:
5198:17 June 1682
5178:
5152:5 April 1697
5114:
5111:two children
5094:
5073:
5069:John William
5067:
5057:
5027:
4984:
4945:
4939:
4919:
4912:
4891:
4885:
4875:
4826:Christian II
4791:Charles Otto
4780:
4714:19 June 1649
4674:28 July 1696
4632:John Charles
4623:
4571:
4560:(morganatic)
4559:
4547:
4540:
4537:Schwetzingen
4528:
4521:
4509:
4503:Simmern line
4500:
4494:
4473:
4467:
4456:
4446:
4421:(morganatic)
4412:
4365:ten children
4363:6 April 1640
4345:5 April 1619
4328:
4272:
4252:23 July 1708
4246:26 July 1622
4219:
4201:Hilpoltstein
4167:17 July 1620
4120:two children
4032:Louis Philip
4020:
3983:
3976:
3955:
3949:
3948:Frederick V
3946:
3935:11 June 1615
3923:18 June 1652
3906:John Casimir
3869:10 June 1585
3812:
3759:no children
3757:8 March 1649
3741:six children
3690:
3656:24 June 1586
3642:
3608:no children
3506:
3494:23 June 1593
3488:
3481:
3472:5 March 1574
3460:
3454:
3451:
3424:
3416:
3411:no children
3379:7 March 1543
3368:John Casimir
3355:no children
3349:12 July 1583
3343:
3328:
3321:
3300:
3295:the Careless
3294:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3215:22 July 1567
3126:Philip Louis
3083:
3041:
3029:
2983:25 July 1521
2927:
2896:no children
2884:
2869:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2793:
2782:
2774:no children
2738:
2732:
2729:
2722:Landshut War
2716:Children of
2702:
2661:
2643:
2622:
2615:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2566:11 June 1569
2536:
2525:23 June 1537
2513:28 July 1544
2488:two children
2451:
2389:
2382:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2347:no children
2323:11 July 1459
2276:
2275:Alexander I
2216:
2209:
2200:14 July 1448
2188:
2182:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2151:8 April 1499
2145:26 June 1435
2132:
2107:19 July 1489
2088:
2046:
2045:Frederick I
2036:two children
2033:(morganatic)
2032:
2024:
2017:
1996:
1990:
1989:Frederick I
1987:
1977:
1958:Kalmar Union
1896:
1889:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1850:
1838:January 1430
1756:10 June 1410
1738:23 June 1385
1706:
1703:no children
1686:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1632:
1625:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1574:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1535:
1524:no children
1516:
1511:1350 or 1358
1505:
1491:9 June 1309
1479:
1473:
1470:
1462:
1403:
1359:5 April 1282
1347:the Bavarian
1346:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1255:two children
1242:
1209:
1175:7 April 1206
1162:
1111:
1072:(1799-1803)
1065:
1058:
1051:(1742-1799)
1044:
1037:
1032:(1731-1799)
1025:
1018:
1013:(1718-1731)
1006:
999:
989:(1693-1718)
979:
972:
967:(1685-1694)
961:
958:
955:(1685-1742)
949:Neuburg Line
948:
941:
931:
916:(1661-1677)
909:
902:
897:(1654-1799)
889:
881:(1648-1685)
875:Simmern Line
874:
867:
858:Part of the
857:
849:(1615-1671)
846:-Bischweiler
841:
836:(1614-1742)
828:
823:(1610-1674)
815:
803:
800:
797:(1604-1718)
793:
790:(1604-1661)
786:
773:(1597-1684)
767:
764:
759:(1569-1604)
751:
748:(1569-1731)
742:
736:(1569-1597)
728:
725:(1569-1685)
717:
712:(1559-1623)
706:Simmern Line
705:
698:
689:
686:
678:(1543-1694)
674:
666:(1505-1557)
658:
648:(1459-1661)
640:
632:(1410-1490)
628:
611:
605:(1410-1448)
601:
593:(1356-1559)
585:
580:(1214-1356)
576:
527:
510:
492:
484:
466:
461:
457:
453:
445:
428:
392:
344:
296:
286:
214:
183:
181:
156:Rhine region
134:
130:
126:
124:
114:October 2022
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
44:
6706:(1803–1806)
6692:(1803–1806)
6678:(1803–1806)
6675:Württemberg
6664:(1805–1806)
6650:(1803–1805)
6637:(1803–1806)
6574:Brandenburg
6364:Frederick V
6324:Frederick I
6185:Wittelsbach
6139:Zweibrücken
6019:Zweibrücken
5860:no children
5700:(1733-1738)
5696:Regency of
5663:24 May 1698
5598:(1735-1740)
5594:Regency of
5585:no children
5468:no children
5383:6 June 1692
5342:30 May 1737
5324:28 May 1697
5271:13 May 1723
5262:no children
5223:Charles XII
5135:Charles III
5126:no children
5091:8 June 1716
4981:no children
4975:8 June 1642
4931:no children
4909:26 May 1685
4772:no children
4742:Louis Henry
4664:Weikersheim
4556:Vohenstrauß
4461:(1677–1693)
4351:9 July 1661
4339:Frederick I
4320:Bischweiler
4317:4 July 1648
4277:(1634-1639)
4273:Regency of
4224:(1632-1636)
4220:Regency of
4129:no children
4127:3 June 1651
4117:Blieskastel
4025:(1623–1648)
3893: [
3887:4 July 1616
3852:13 May 1612
3813:the Younger
3765:Christian I
3750:no children
3699:(1600-1604)
3691:Regency of
3596:Lützelstein
3561:17 May 1601
3554:no children
3540:3 June 1634
3511:(1592-1598)
3507:Regency of
3429:(1583-1592)
3425:Regency of
3405:4 June 1570
3334:8 July 1560
3312:4 July 1539
3167:Frederick I
3054:(1569-1574)
3042:Regency of
3034:(1598–1610)
3021:no children
3012:no children
2949:17 May 1569
2913:Netherlands
2812:4 July 1548
2794:the Warlike
2731:Otto Henry
2711:(1508-1516)
2652:(1544-1560)
2634:no children
2628:18 May 1535
2541:(1532-1543)
2537:Regency of
2452:the Younger
2439:22 May 1508
2427:18 May 1557
2401:no children
2373:2 July 1478
2356:the Pacific
2344:Zweibrücken
2305:Zweibrücken
2247:15 May 1459
2183:the Upright
1949:no children
1855:(1436-1442)
1851:Regency of
1826:5 July 1461
1697:6 July 1402
1660:the Bearded
1622:18 May 1410
1597:Robert III
1565:12 May 1325
1513:no children
1445:no children
1402:Rudolph II
1246:no children
1098:Ruling part
1019:Zweibrücken
1000:Zweibrücken
973:Zweibrücken
903:Zweibrücken
894:-Gelnhausen
892:-Birkenfeld
890:Zweibrücken
844:-Birkenfeld
842:Zweibrücken
745:-Birkenfeld
743:Zweibrücken
729:Zweibrücken
690:Zweibrücken
645:(Main line)
641:Zweibrücken
619:(1410-1598)
590:(Main line)
538:Zweibrücken
485:Erztruchseß
481:electorates
431:Wittelsbach
375:Saarbrücken
278:until 1064)
258:1034–1045 (
186:Lotharingia
6772:Categories
6633:Regensburg
6548:Palatinate
6374:Charles II
6344:Otto Henry
6309:Rupert III
6197:, Duke of
5978:1795-1799
5753:1733-1742
5491:1717–1731
5245:1701–1718
5187:Charles IV
5179:Charles XI
5164:6 May 1680
5120:6 May 1691
4960:1653–1685
4928:Heidelberg
4887:Charles II
4840:1654–1671
4624:Charles X)
4406:Düsseldorf
4388:1645–1661
3805:one child
3497:Dillenburg
3444:Protestant
3408:Heidelberg
3352:Heidelberg
3204:Otto Henry
3140:1569–1614
3096:8 May 1550
2893:Heidelberg
2858:1557–1559
2753:1505-1557
2662:the Astute
2631:Heidelberg
2398:Heidelberg
2122:Luxembourg
2026:Clara Tott
1946:Copenhagen
1908:one child
1905:Heidelberg
1841:Burghausen
1759:Heidelberg
1658:Louis III
1616:5 May 1352
1546:Robert II
1494:1353–1356
1298:Rudolph I
1243:(executed)
1210:the Strict
733:-Parkstein
550:Heidelberg
262:1045–1047)
84:newspapers
6738:Biography
6475:Spiritual
6314:Louis III
6304:Rupert II
6199:Franconia
6176:(German:
6011:Karlsruhe
5996:Darmstadt
5918:1789–1799
5894:Unmarried
5882:1780–1789
5839:1775–1795
5788:Innsbruck
5776:one child
5709:‹See Tfd›
5666:1739–1780
5623:1735–1775
5555:1732–1733
5520:1731–1735
5509:Lorentzen
5368:1708–1732
5327:1704–1739
5285:1718–1731
5213:Unmarried
5201:1697–1718
5149:1693–1697
5123:Innsbruck
5058:Unmarried
5046:1689–1701
4892:(Karl II)
4865:1671–1717
4800:1669–1671
4751:1655–1674
4730:Stockholm
4720:one child
4717:Stockholm
4699:1654–1689
4667:one child
4646:1654–1704
4615:one child
4612:Stockholm
4594:1652–1654
4563:one child
4505:restored)
4436:1661–1677
4348:1635–1661
4302:1634–1694
4249:1632–1708
4188:1614–1644
4152:1614–1632
4107:one child
4086:1614–1653
4046:1610–1655
3938:Stockholm
3920:1604–1652
3890:Landsberg
3872:1604–1645
3845:one child
3828:1604–1635
3779:1615–1654
3724:1608–1669
3672:Gutenberg
3659:1598–1654
3643:Unmarried
3636:Gutenberg
3623:1598–1601
3583:1598–1611
3537:1598–1634
3382:1576-1592
3293:Louis VI
3255:1569–1600
3241:Charles I
3218:1569–1604
3181:1569–1597
3099:1569–1604
2986:1569–1598
2963:one child
2946:1559–1569
2909:Calvinist
2878:Kreuznach
2838:the Pious
2821:Unmarried
2809:1505–1541
2792:Philip I
2677:1560–1592
2563:1532–1569
2510:1532–1544
2467:1514–1532
2450:Louis II
2424:1509–1557
2326:1489–1490
2287:1489–1514
2250:1480–1509
2181:Philip I
2160:Unmarried
2148:1461–1490
2104:1459–1489
2089:the Black
2057:1459–1480
2047:the Pious
1928:1443–1448
1866:Louis IV
1823:1410–1461
1782:1410–1443
1741:1410–1459
1727:Stephen I
1472:Robert I
1436:one child
1419:1329–1353
1404:the Blind
1384:In 1327,
1362:1294–1329
1345:Louis IV
1333:Nuremberg
1315:1294–1317
1286:Oberpfalz
1225:1253–1294
1208:Louis II
1178:1231–1253
1144:one child
1127:1214–1231
787:Landsberg
554:Calvinism
499:Franconia
458:Oberpfalz
359:Franconia
312:1095–1113
140:‹See Tfd›
54:talk page
6762:Monarchy
6661:Würzburg
6647:Salzburg
6448:Electors
6354:Louis VI
6319:Louis IV
6299:Rupert I
5936:Mannheim
5773:Mannheim
5582:Mannheim
5386:Lobositz
5231:Gustavus
5167:Skottorp
4138:Augustus
3811:John II
3084:the Lame
2589:the Wise
2549:Wolfgang
2496:Robert I
2354:Louis V
2277:the Lame
2131:Otto II
2087:Louis I
1868:the Meek
1548:the Hard
1161:Otto II
1110:Louis I
959:Part of
829:Sulzbach
801:Part of
794:Kleeburg
765:Part of
752:Sulzbach
687:Part of
602:Neumarkt
546:Sulzbach
412:Henry VI
252:996–1034
217:Ezzonian
6724:Portals
6609:Hanover
6595:Bavaria
6537:Bohemia
6527:Secular
6513:Cologne
6334:Louis V
6201:and in
5904:William
5863:Son of
5857:Dresden
5345:Arolsen
5005:Neuburg
4006:at the
4000:Bohemia
3395:Lautern
3360:Lautern
3337:Marburg
3082:John I
2972:Richard
2905:Simmern
2410:John II
1962:Denmark
1956:of the
1700:Cologne
1474:the Red
1274:Nordgau
1147:Son of
1101:Consort
981:Swedish
816:Simmern
804:Neuburg
768:Neuburg
718:Neuburg
675:Veldenz
659:Neuburg
629:Mosbach
612:Simmern
542:Neuburg
530:Simmern
477:Bavaria
446:Nordgau
438:Bavaria
406:Henry V
384:1156–95
336:1142–55
330:1139–42
324:1129–39
318:1113–29
306:1085–95
246:945–996
229:Moselle
221:Cologne
204:Godfrey
98:scholar
6613:(1692)
6599:(1623)
6563:Saxony
6551:
6329:Philip
6244:
6203:Swabia
6112:Notes
6109:Ended
6106:Began
6100:Image
5713:German
5450:Kraków
5437:Berlin
5009:Jülich
4978:Warsaw
4518:Kassel
4104:Munich
3992:London
2937:George
2917:France
2485:Kassel
2317:Kaspar
2236:John I
2225:Amberg
2075:Lobith
2030:1471/2
1970:Norway
1966:Sweden
1809:Otto I
1768:John I
1641:Amberg
1278:Amberg
1104:Notes
505:, the
503:Swabia
450:Amberg
363:Swabia
144:German
133:, and
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
6703:Hesse
6689:Baden
6499:Trier
6485:Mainz
6211:Notes
6147:Baden
6103:Name
6027:Baden
5721:Latin
5684:Dhaun
5221:, as
5177:, as
4769:Kleve
3897:]
2507:1506
1952:Also
1647:Also
1196:Worms
1095:Death
1092:Reign
1086:Ruler
507:Rhine
497:) of
399:Agnes
287:From
237:Alzey
105:JSTOR
91:books
6242:ISBN
6045:and
5815:and
5681:1743
5652:John
5640:1751
5462:1728
5013:Berg
5011:and
4727:1661
4661:1685
4622:(as
4199:(at
3670:(at
3634:(at
3606:1599
3594:(at
3393:(at
3114:1579
3050:and
2915:and
2329:1527
2302:1499
2222:1474
2101:1424
1968:and
1954:King
1800:Ribe
1779:1383
1585:1345
1522:1385
1453:The
1443:1348
1434:1328
1253:1260
1193:1222
1142:1204
1089:Born
544:and
536:and
521:and
467:The
365:and
233:Nahe
231:and
225:Bonn
77:news
5003:of
4572:new
3442:of
2903:of
357:in
174:".
60:by
6774::
6207:.
6187:,
5723::
5719:,
5715::
5181:.
5019:.
3895:de
3046:,
2919:.
1964:,
532:,
501:,
299:.
289:c.
239:.
198:c.
146::
129:,
6726::
6433:e
6426:t
6419:v
6280:e
6273:t
6266:v
6250:.
5706:(
4501:(
4203:)
3674:)
3638:)
3598:)
3397:)
1284:(
1069:)
1063:(
1048:)
1042:(
1029:)
1023:(
1004:(
977:(
952:)
946:(
913:)
907:(
872:(
703:(
491:(
456:(
223:-
137:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
64:.
50:.
20:)
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