932:, and the reorganization of the judicial and local administrative systems. The economic integration of the Rhineland with France increased prosperity, especially in industrial production, while business accelerated with the new efficiency and lowered trade barriers. The Jews were liberated from the ghetto. There was limited resistance; most Germans welcomed the new regime, especially the urban elites, but one sour point was the hostility of the French officials toward the Roman Catholic Church, the choice of most of the residents. The reforms were permanent. Decades later workers and peasants in the Rhineland often appealed to Jacobinism to oppose unpopular government programs, while the intelligentsia demanded the maintenance of the Napoleonic Code (which stayed in effect for a century).
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In spite of its dismembered condition and the sufferings it underwent at the hands of its French neighbors in various periods of warfare, the
Rhenish territory prospered greatly and stood in the foremost rank of German culture and progress. Aachen was the place of coronation of the German emperors,
927:
The French swept away centuries worth of outmoded restrictions and introduced unprecedented levels of efficiency. The chaos and barriers in a land divided and subdivided among many different petty principalities gave way to a rational, simplified, centralized system controlled by Paris and run by
924:, a puppet of Napoleon. France took direct control of the Rhineland until 1814 and radically and permanently liberalized the government, society and economy. The Coalition of France's enemies made repeated efforts to retake the region, but France repelled all the attempts.
973:
expelled the French and assigned the whole of the lower
Rhenish districts to Prussia, who left them in undisturbed possession of the liberal institutions to which they had become accustomed under the French. The Rhine Province remained part of Prussia after
723:
pushed forward along both banks of the Rhine, and by the end of the 5th century had conquered all the lands that had formerly been under Roman influence. By the 8th century, the
Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germania and northern Gaul.
801:
weakened, the
Rhineland disintegrated into numerous small independent principalities, each with its separate vicissitudes and special chronicles. The old Lotharingian divisions became obsolete, and while the Lower Lorraine lands were referred to as the
718:
conquered the Celtic tribes on the West bank, and
Augustus established numerous fortified posts on the Rhine, but the Romans never succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the East bank. As the power of the Roman empire declined the
96:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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On 7 March 1936, in violation of the Treaty of
Versailles, German troops marched into the Rhineland and other regions along the Rhine. German territory west of the Rhine had been off-limits to the German military.
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683:, who, however, were all more or less modified and influenced by their Germanic neighbors. On the East bank of the Rhine, between the Main and the Lahn, were the settlements of the
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in 1795, the whole of the left bank of the Rhine was taken by France. The population was about 1.6 million in numerous small states. In 1806, the
Rhenish princes all joined the
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Napoleon's relatives. The most important impact came from the abolition of all feudal privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1437:[The First World War and the Occupation 1918–1930 in Rhineland-Palatinate: 9. The withdrawal of the occupying troops on 30 June 1930].
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260:" refers (physically speaking) to a loosely defined region embracing the land on the banks of the Rhine, which were settled by
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district, strictly controlling all important industrial areas. The
Germans responded with passive resistance, which led to
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often trace back to the
Frankish heritage. The lands on the western shore of the Rhine are strongly characterized by
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1435:"Erster Weltkrieg und Besatzung 1918–1930 in Rheinland-Pfalz: 9. Der Abzug der Besatzungstruppen am 30. Juni 1930"
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until a plebiscite in 1935, when the region was returned to Germany. At the same time, in 1920, the districts of
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1097:. North Rhine-Westphalia is one of the prime German industrial areas, containing significant mineral deposits (
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was established (1797–1802). The term covered the whole French conquered territory west of the Rhine (German:
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228:, it is also the main industrial heartland of Germany because its many factories and historic ties to the
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The Rhineland Crisis. 7 March 1936. A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy. Introd. By Donald Cameron Watt
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This article is about the Rhineland as a region. For the historical period from 1822 until 1946, see
303:. Three of the ten circles through which the Rhine flowed referred to the river in their names: the
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The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I
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and the ecclesiastical principalities of the Rhine played a large role in German history.
359:, also known as Rhenish Prussia), a tradition that continued in the naming of the current
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Sperber, Jonathan (1989). "Echoes of the French Revolution in the Rhineland, 1830-1849".
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Michael Rowe, "Between Empire and Home Town: Napoleonic Rule on the Rhine, 1799-1814",
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The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792-1802
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A Prussian influence began on a small scale in 1609 by the occupation of the
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Rhineland Radicals: The Democratic Movement and the Revolution of 1848-1849
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The occupation of the remainder of the Rhineland ended on 30 June 1930.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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From Reich to State: The Rhineland in the Revolutionary Age, 1780-1830
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From Reich to state: the Rhineland in the revolutionary age, 1780-1830
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The Rhine Province (green) as of 1830 superimposed on modern borders.
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In 1946, the Rhineland was divided into the newly founded states of
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from the sixteenth until the eighteenth centuries when the Empire's
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A "Rhineland" conceptualization can be traced to the period of the
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Popular Culture and the Public Sphere in the Rhineland, 1800-1850
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In January 1923, in response to Germany's failure to meet its
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was separated from the Rhine Province and administered by the
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the part of the province to the east of the river fell to
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The occupation of the Rhineland took place following the
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782:(d. 973) both banks of the Rhine had become part of the
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The southern and eastern parts are mainly hill country (
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The Rhineland 1945: The Last Killing Ground in the West
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The Rhineland 1945: The Last Killing Ground in the West
1296:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 242–243.
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as the Allied forces overwhelmed the German defenders.
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of 11 November 1918. The occupying armies consisted of
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Businessmen and Politics in the Rhineland, 1789-1834
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454:To the west the area stretches to the borders with
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564:. Some of the larger cities in the Rhineland are
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1202:(2nd ed.). London: Methuen. pp. 357f.
521:(or very rarely between the confluence with the
131:accompanying your translation by providing an
80:Click for important translation instructions.
67:expand this article with text translated from
32:"Rhenish" redirects here. For other uses, see
1410:"Hyperinflation and the invasion of the Ruhr"
1223:Immigrant Women in the Settlement of Missouri
556:The area encompasses the western part of the
1225:. University of Missouri Press. p. 111.
1018:In 1920, under massive French pressure, the
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1518:
1240:. Princeton University Press. p. 103.
1200:Germany: A regional and economic geography
818:of 1500/12, the territory was part of the
711:Roman and barbarian parts of the Rhineland
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1238:The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri
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486:in the south, this area, except for the
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280:along the river emerged from the former
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1307:Blanning, T. C. W. (15 December 1983).
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810:became restricted to the region on the
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1628:Sperber, Jonathan (20 December 1992).
1519:Diefendorf, Jeffry M. (14 July 2014).
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1342:A History of Modern Germany, 1648-1840
1221:Robyn Burnett; Ken Luebbering (2005).
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1040:German-Speaking Community of Belgium
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870:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
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671:and the Rhine were occupied by the
549:. In the south, the river cuts the
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1498:Collar, Peter (28 February 2013).
1477:Brophy, James M. (9 August 2007).
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987:Allied occupation of the Rhineland
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1065:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
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482:regions. Stretching down to the
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1551:Ford, Ken; Brian, Tony (2000).
1540:Emmerson, James Thomas (1977).
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814:that still bears it. After the
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1570:Rowe, Michael (31 July 2003).
1398:. Vol. XX (9th ed.).
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1236:Walter D. Kamphoefner (2014).
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1198:Dickinson, Robert E. (1964).
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755:The Holy Roman Empire in 1618
421:pledged to honor in the 1925
171:Coat of arms of the Rhineland
1257:. New York: Hastings House.
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1049:, French and Belgian troops
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976:Germany was unified in 1871.
797:As the central power of the
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268:and became part of Frankish
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687:, a branch of the Germanic
427:remilitarized the territory
413:until 1930. Under the 1919
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143:{{Translated|de|Rheinland}}
113:will aid in categorization.
10:
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969:also became Prussian. The
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38:Rhineland (disambiguation)
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27:Historic region of Germany
1605:10.1017/S000893890001150X
1384:Muirhead, James Fullarton
828:Electoral Rhenish Circles
820:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
767:on the Spanish troops in
69:the corresponding article
1593:Central European History
1389:"Prussia, Rhenish"
1357:(1999) 42#2 pp. 643-674
1251:Marsden, Walter (1973).
401:The western part of the
309:Electoral Rhenish Circle
256:Historically, the term "
34:Rhenish (disambiguation)
1414:The Holocaust Explained
1395:Encyclopædia Britannica
1293:Encyclopædia Britannica
1047:reparations obligations
778:By the time of Emperor
727:On the division of the
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152:For more guidance, see
1439:regionalgeschichte.net
1287:"Rhine Province"
1174:North Rhine-Westphalia
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993:Armistice with Germany
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1095:Rhineland-Palatinate
1034:were transferred to
1013:Treaty of Versailles
961:. A century later,
887:Free Imperial Cities
790:, on the Mosel, and
415:Treaty of Versailles
374:In the early 1800s,
365:Rhineland-Palatinate
347:were annexed to the
305:Upper Rhenish Circle
1159:Cologne/Bonn Region
838:the ecclesiastical
610:Mülheim an der Ruhr
325:Cisrhenian Republic
1555:. Oxford: Osprey.
1355:Historical Journal
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1011:forces. Under the
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133:interlanguage link
1344:(1964) pp 386-87
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1024:League of Nations
951:Regierungsbezirke
906:French Revolution
881:Imperial Counties
850:possessions) and
784:Holy Roman Empire
773:Thirty Years' War
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741:Lotharingia
648:viticulture
472:Westphalian
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276:, numerous
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182:‹See Tfd›
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675:, the
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517:up to
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478:) and
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186:German
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1038:(see
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222:Rhine
210:Latin
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90:DeepL
1636:ISBN
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1447:2023
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1204:ASIN
1103:lead
1099:coal
1030:and
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1007:and
965:and
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