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3125:(quoted in Mercan, 2006). His interrogators reputedly said: "İlhan Selçuk, Genelkurmay Başkanlığına bağlı kontrgerilla örgütünün karşısında bulunuyorsun. Sen bizim tutsağımızsın. Burada anayasa babayasa yoktur. Örgüt seni ölüme mahkum etmiştir. Sana istediğimizi yapmaya yetkiliyiz. Buraya getirilmen örgüt kararıyladır. Seni Marksist, Leninist, Komünist biliyoruz. Eğer konuşur ve böyle olduğunu itiraf edersen hakkında hayırlı olur."
218:, arguing that its terms were unfavorable to the Soviets. Ankara dismissed the notes, and the US also expressed its dissatisfaction with Soviet demands, stating that "Should the Straits become the object of attack or threat of attack by an aggressor, the resulting situation would constitute a threat to international security and would clearly be a matter for action on the party of the Security Council of the United Nations."
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620:. In his memoirs he stated that the United States had set aside around $ 1m worth of support; part munitions, part money. This arrangement continued until 1973-4, when Yamak decided the munitions did not meet the department's needs. The Americans allegedly retorted that they were footing the bill, and had right of decision. Yamak left the meeting and expressed his concerns to the
282:(NSC) Directive 4-A "secretly authorised the CIA to conduct these officially non-existent programs and to administer them" in such a way that "removed the U.S. Congress and public from any debate over whether to undertake psychological warfare abroad". A few months later, the NSC replaced directive 4-A with directive 10/2, creating the
290:(CIA). The OPC's charter unambiguously called for "propaganda, economic warfare; preventative direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance movements, guerrillas and refugee liberations [
2757:
Since the beginning of the military mission in the late 1940s, every Chief, JUSMMAT had been a US Army Major
General. The reason…in the Turkish Armed Forces, the Turkish Army was by far the most senior and most populated service. Also, the Chief of the Turkish General Staff was always a Turkish Army
635:
for an alternative means of funding did Ecevit became aware of the operation's existence; the other members of the cabinet remained in the dark. Ecevit suggested that the organization seek support from Europe. Yamak contacted generals from the United
Kingdom, followed by France. The commander of the
412:
fashion. They filled the ranks, mostly with reserve officers, inducted them with an oath, and educated them before allowing them to return to civilian life. The officers were given no weapons, funding, or immediate task. The recruitment was more concentrated in the east, where an invasion was most
1654:
Genel Kurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Salih
Omurtak'm Başkanlığında Korgeneral Zekî Doğan, Tuğgeneral Saim Önban, Tümgeneral Fevzi Uçaner, Tümamiral Necati Özdeniz. Tuğgeneral Rüştü Erdel-zin, Albay Hüseyin Ataman. Albay Tevfik Samurkaş, Albay Seyfi Turagay, Yarbay Seyfi Kurtbek, Binbaşı Tacettin Berin,
847:
leaning intellectuals, civilian and non-ranking participants in the 9 March plot were interrogated in a building allegedly belonging to the MİT (see the next section). One 9 March plotter, colonel Talat Turhan, was interrogated by the chief of the MİT, Eyüp
Ozalkus. Turhan expended much effort on
1402:
Evet, Gladio yapılanması Sovyetler Birliği yıkılıncaya kadar etkinliğini korudu. Ancak tehdit ortadan kalkınca yapı da merkezden, yanı Amerika'dan dağıtıldı. Avrupa ülkelerinde Sovyet tehdidinin kalkmasıyla birlikte, yönetimdeki askerlerin ağırlığı ortadan kalmaya başlayıp sivillerin hâkimiyeti
3076:
They blindfolded me and bound my arms and feet. Then they told me that I was 'in the hands of the
Counter-Guerrilla unit operating under the high command of the army outside the Constitution and the law.' They told me that they 'considered me their prisoner of war' and that I was 'sentenced to
1403:
güçlenince, bu yapı da re-organize edildi. Bizde ise aynı dönemde, hem sivil asker dengesinde bir değişme olmadığından, hem de terörün ülke güvenliğini yoğun bir şekilde tehdit etmesi hâlâ söz konusu olduğundan, bu yapı ortaya çıkarılamadı ve yapı yerelleştirilerek dönüşüme tabi tutuldu.
943:
were tortured there. Several
Ziverbey victims confirmed that the interrogators introduced themselves as "Counter-Guerrillas" and claimed to be above the law and entitled to kill. Under duress to write an apologetic statement, Selçuk famously revealed his plight using a modified
733:(ODC-T), whose leader is "the single point of contact with the Turkish General Staff regarding all United States military organizations and activities in Turkey". As of 2008, this position is held by major general Eric J. Rosborg. Since 1993, the chiefs of the ODC-T have been
2650:Özel Harp Dairesi'nin 1994'te isim değiştirip Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı adını aldığını belirten Metin Kaplan, bu dönemde kurum içinde milli bilincin güçlendiğini söylüyor. Kaplan, 'Bu değişimle birlikte Amerika ve CIA ile bağlar iyice zayıfladı, belki de koptu' diyor.
2758:
4-star general. It was thus felt that the US needed a US Army general officer to liaise with the Chief, TGS. Nonetheless, in 1993, the US Army decided not to nominate an Army general as Chief, ODC-T, and the Air Force eagerly picked up the billet.
1172:
Seven students (Hatice Özen, Cemil Sönmez, Baki Ekiz, Turan Ören, Abdullah Şimşek, Hamit Akıl and Murat Kurt) were killed and 41 were injured at
Istanbul University's Faculty of Pharmacy on 16 March 1978. The assailants were members of the
407:
Some full generals that later ran the department were Adnan Doğu, Aydın İlter, Sabri
Yirmibeşoğlu, İbrahim Türkgenci, Doğan Bayazıt, and Fevzi Türkeri. Karabelen picked Ismail Tansu as his right-hand man, and they expanded the STK in a
862:
in the short history of
Turkish democracy (1950–1980) was seen as necessary by the unwitting public to restoring peace. It was also encouraged by members of Parliament, many of whom had joined the Counter-Guerrilla in their youth.
1111:
that he suspected the
Counter-Guerrilla's involvement in the massacre. According to Ecevit, the shooting lasted for twenty minutes, yet several thousand policemen on the scene did not intervene. This mode of operation recalls the
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Sene 1972. Ben Şırnak Jandarma Komutanı'yım. O zaman Şırnak'ta yol yok, elektrik yok, su yok, radyo dahi yok ve ben Ziverbey'e gelip sorguya katılıyorum. Yazar İlhan Selçuk benim suç ortağım. O da oradaydı. Onu da mı ben
2673:(Implementing Agreement on United States Organizations and Activities Outside the Installations, Annex Number 5 to Supplementary Agreement Number 3 on Installations ed.). Ankara: U.S. Embassy, Turkey. Archived from
169:. The subject has been broached by parliament at least 27 times since 1990, however no successful investigation has taken place. Deputies of the incumbent party in any given administration always voted in dissent.
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866:
With this coup firm steps were taken to bring the country under the military's heel. A stifling constitution was drafted, a Supreme Education Council was established to bring intellectuals into line, and the
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20:
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incident) about what to do with the Communist inmates of Maltepe prison, who were planning to escape. On the advice of two U.S. generals, they let the prisoners escape, and then take hostage three
5332:
1342:...Doğan Beyazıt, Özel Harp Dairesi'nin kontrgerilla olmadığını vurgulayarak, Özel Harp'in, düşman işgali altında kalan bölgede 'gerilla, yeraltı ve kurtarma-kaçırma' çalışmaları olduğunu söyledi.
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was also present. A friend of his in the MİT had tried to prevent him from being captured by telling his superiors that Güney was also a spy, but the ruse failed. A MİT officer who was present,
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1150:(MHP) the Special Warfare Department and violent incidents of the 1970s. Doğan Öz's report stated that "Military and civilian security forces are behind all this work." It also stated that the
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there. The information conveyed to them was that a number of high-ranking Turkish officers, including the Army Chief of Staff and the Air Force Chief of Staff were planning to execute a
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1050:) and lieutenant Saffet Alp. The three hostages (two British and one Canadian citizen) where part of GCHQ and were held in an attempt to prevent the execution of three student leaders (
4374:
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1990'larda Özel Harp Dairesi ve kontgerilla tartışmalarının 27 kez TBMM gündemine geldiğini tespit eden Kılıç, hiçbirinde Meclis araştırması kararının çıkmamış olmasına işaret ediyor.
932:). The interrogation techniques they used in Ziverbey were inspired by what they had seen done to Korean and Chinese POWs during the Korean War. Prisoners were bound and blindfolded.
4697:
3256:
Ziverbey Köşkü, Özel Harp Dairesi'nin yeri değildi ve sorgucular daire mensubu değildi. Biz Kontrgerillayız demeleri, kendilerine bir maske olarak kullandıkları bilinçsiz ifadeler.
4702:
4677:
3897:
1303:
5213:
3957:
3673:
215:
131:
The military accepts that the ÖKK is tasked with subverting a possible occupation, though it denies that the unit is Gladio's "Counter-Guerrilla", i.e., that it has engaged in
1135:
Moreover, Ecevit himself barely survived an assassination attempt twenty days after he publicly mentioned the possibility of a secret organization being behind the massacre.
244:, pledging to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures". $ 100 million was appropriated two months after the
3646:
1154:
was complicit, and that "all these activities guided by MHP members and cadres." The attorney Doğan Öz was assassinated on March 24, 1978. İbrahim Çiftçi, a member of the
5324:
4092:
2760:
For many years, senior Air Force leaders resented the fact that a US Army General was always Chief, despite the fact that almost all US military personnel in Turkey were
1956:
They are trained by the USA, but not because the USA wants to be of help. In the training camps and schools, the CIA contacts them and tries to enlist them as CIA agents.
691:), combats terrorism and protects the chiefs of staff and the president on trips abroad. Similarly, civilian counter-guerrillas are collectively named the White Forces (
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4889:
440:
349:
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3090:
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2301:
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316:
3200:
2861:(originally from the National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 632, Country Files—Middle East, Turkey, Vol. II, 1 Jan 1970-31 Dec 1971.)
971:. Küçük says he could not be responsible since he was stationed in Şırnak and has been charged with colluding with another Ziverbey victim, İlhan Selçuk (see
714:
believed to be perpetrated by the Counter-Guerrilla. Their report enumerated 1797 such deaths; 316 in 1992 and 314 in 1993 alone. General Güreş contacted the
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296:] groups, and support of indigenous anti-communist elements in threatened countries of the free world." In the words of career intelligence officer
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Binbaşı Emin Dırvana. Binbaşı Cahit Tokgöz'den müteşekkil olan Türk Genel Kurmay Heyeti bugün saat 9.50 de özel bir uçakla Amerika'ya hareket etmiştir.
3054:
2152:
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486:. Ismail Tansu says that the American headquarters were facing the old Gülhane building, and that the STK's headquarters were in a villa near Kolej,
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32:
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sent the State and Defense departments a cable stating that the Turkish high command had convened that day resolving to carry out a counter-coup.
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with half a million participants. Unidentified people shot at the crowd and killed 36 people. The perpetrators were never caught. Prime Minister
913:
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1634:
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791:
1046:), taxi driver Nihat Yılmaz, teacher Ertan Saruhan, farmer Ahmet Atasoy, Sinan Kazım Özüdoğru (Dev-Genç), student Sabahattin Kurt, Ömer Ayna (
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Bu ziyaretten sonra çok önemli bir uygulama başladı; Türk subaylarının Amerika'ya gönderilip, komünistlere karşı gerilla eğitimi alması...
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1004:
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2002:
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2921:İlhan Selçuk'un içinde yer aldığı 9 Mart Cuntası ile 12 Mart darbesini yapanların 'Gizli İktidar'ın sol ve sağ eli olduklarını...
948:
which decrypted to "I am under torture". The key letter was the first of the penultimate word of each sentence in his statement.
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a few times a week, alternating between their bases. Some of his associates were colonel Latent, captain Berger, and major Hill.
279:
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1943:
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province and killed the 10 young men who had kidnapped three foreign hostages and kept them in Kızıldere. The victims included
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252:
on 12 March 1947. This figure was raised to $ 233 million by 1950, after Turkey contributed a brigade of about 5000 men to the
726:
prosecutor Nusret Demiral ordered the police force not to co-operate with the parliamentary commission in solving the crimes.
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After having served his role in instigating the 1980 coup, Alparslan Türkeş was jailed by the high command. In fact, General
672:
649:
307:(NATO) on February 18, 1952, Turkey signed a Military Facilities Agreement on 23 June 1954, paving the way for a large scale
117:
2604:
2238:
1835:
517:, MHP). These formed the core of future ultra-nationalist militants, used by the Counter-Guerrilla in destabilizing events.
437:
346:
5639:
5568:
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730:
227:
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generals. The offices of the ODC-T are located at Kirazlıdere Mevkii, İsmet İnönü Bulvarı No. 94, Balgat, 06100 Ankara.
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Hem azınlık dükkânlarını yağmalatırlar hem de 'Bu işi komünistler yaptı' diyerek bir taşla iki kuş vurmaya kalkışırlar.
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868:
304:
4398:
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2561:Özel Harp Dairesi askerlerinin Bordo Bereliler olarak anılmasından hareketle onlar da Beyaz Kuvvetler diye anıldılar.
2214:
1749:"United States and NATO Inspired 'Psychological Warfare Operations' Against The 'Kurdish Communist Threat' in Turkey"
1619:
5 Ekim 1947'de Genel Kurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Salih Omurtak başkanlığındaki heyet de Amerika'ya gitti. Bu bir ilkti.
1221:
people were targeted and killed in a neighbourhood. Martial law was declared afterwards, and the 1980 coup followed.
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throughout the 1970s , serving as a pretext for yet another coup in 1980. By the time it took place, this third
463:
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was used to interrogate Turkish communists. The mastermind behind Ziverbey interrogations was brigadier general
4682:
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312:
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4149:
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897:
783:
777:
773:
384:, or STK) on 27 September 1952. Karabelen was one of sixteen soldiers (including Turgut Sunalp, Ahmet Yıldız,
315:(USEUCOM), and also the world's largest military assistance and advisory group by 1951. JAMMAT was renamed to
4984:
2256:
2175:Özel Harp Dairesinin nerede bulunduğunu sordum 'Amerikan Askerî Yardım Heyetiyle aynı binada' yanıtını aldım.
1856:
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283:
24:
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2668:"32 U.S.T. 3323; 1980 U.S.T. LEXIS 39, U.S. Treaties on LEXIS (TURKEY: Cooperation on Defense and Economy)"
1104:
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Turkish army at the time, General Semih Sancar, informed him the U.S. had financed the unit as well as the
563:
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officials traveled to the United States to establish the military framework of the co-operation agreement.
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1987:
Türkiye açısından işgale en açık bölgeler Doğu ve Güneydoğu olduğu için en çok da oralardan insanlar var.
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373:
336:
287:
237:
140:
93:
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300:, "no holds were barred… all the guys on the top had said to put on the brass knuckles and go to work."
286:(OPC, initially euphemistically called the "Office for Special Projects"), the covert action arm of the
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being the first time the term "Counter-Guerrilla" was mentioned to anyone who was not already a member.
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105:
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388:, Suphi Karaman, and Fikret Ateşdağlı) who had been sent to the United States in 1948 for training in
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From Encroachment to Involvement: A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1973
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declared on 21 February 1947 its inability to provide financial aid (though she would establish the
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It has been alleged that the groups of plotters were in fact two facets of the same organization.
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2479:Özel Kuvvet Komutanlığı'nı görevlendirdim. Birliğin daha önce Özel Harp olan ismini değiştirdim.
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909:
483:
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1158:, confessed to the crime, but his conviction was overturned by the military judicial system.
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In the 1960s, Türkeş established the "civilian" Associations for Struggling with Communism (
19:
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Although General Yamak denied it, an active participant, hitman Metin Kaplan said that the
487:
404:, or ÖHD). It has been said that the training also entailed an element of CIA recruitment.
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2014:
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3578:. Türkiye'nin Gizli Tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 1. Merkez Kitapçılık ve Yayıncılık.
2250:
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795:
233:
199:
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2842:"441. Intelligence Information Cable (Meeting of Command Council of the Armed Forces)"
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1951:
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denied that the ÖHD was involved, and dismissed any notion of a "counter-guerrilla".
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70:
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Kontrgerilla, Ergenekon mu? Ya da, Ergenekon davasında kontrgerilla mı yargılanıyor?
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683:, or ÖKK) in 1992. The ÖKK, whose 7000+ recruits are nicknamed the "Maroon Berets" (
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Merrill, Dennis (2006). "The Truman Doctrine: Containing Communism and Modernity".
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Picture of the JUSMMAT building, some newspaper headlines, and other information:
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killed seven leftist students on 9 October 1978. Çatlı was convicted in absentia.
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722:, to stop the investigation in order to prevent the outing of his men. Meanwhile,
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1969:
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Science of Coercion: Communication Research and Psychological Warfare, 1945-1960
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3091:"Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO's Secret Stay-Behind Armies"
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1279:
1031:
667:. In order to reduce U.S. influence over the Turkish military, chief of staff
5716:
5386:
5345:
4954:
4944:
4333:
4298:
3611:
2974:
1390:
1139:
1092:
859:
815:
761:
660:
203:
62:
4914:
4894:
2939:
2908:
2720:
2462:
1632:
1324:
940:
570:. Nazar was such a person, and he became the CIA's station chief to Turkey.
451:, and put into practice on 25 May 1964 per orders from general Ali Keskiner.
5528:
4969:
4919:
4823:
3494:
2761:
2071:
1356:
844:
840:
supported left-wing coup originally planned to take place on 9 March 1971.
837:
819:
625:
559:
547:
531:
420:
211:
74:
2384:Özel Harp Dairesi (ÖHD) ve Türkiye'deki terörle bağlantısına dair haberler
1329:(Press release) (in Turkish). Office of the Prime Minister. Archived from
798:
and also the fiercely anti-communist Commander of the First Army based in
240:
a decade later), Turkey turned towards the United States, who drew up the
5011:
4904:
4813:
3593:
3530:
990:
952:
617:
521:
319:(JUSMMAT) in 1958, and the Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey (ODC-T) (
308:
245:
207:
55:
3306:
3170:
2402:
1974:
1035:
147:), which has since its inception been regarded as a major threat by the
5455:
4959:
4899:
921:
807:
527:
257:
158:
Counter-Guerrilla's existence was revealed in 1971 by survivors of the
3421:
NATO's Secret Armies. Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe
1788:
311:
presence. With a staff of 1200 by 1959, JAMMAT was the largest of the
5137:
4659:
524:
206:
sent naval ships and troops to the region with his sights set on the
78:
1073:
officers at Ünye. This created the pretext for their assassination.
431:
per orders from then chief of the ÖHD, major general M. Cihat Akyol.
341:
3360:
2169:
1129:
1096:
1003:
revealing the fact that the counter-guerrilla co-operated with the
945:
905:
799:
555:
551:
187:
27:. The 13 stars represent the original 13 US states, and indicate a
3055:"Gladio, Turkish Counter-Guerrilla and Ergenekon, a devilish trio"
1304:""Kontrgerilla", "Gladio", "Derin Devlet" gibi kavramlar hakkında"
5476:
Clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
3438:
3235:
2782:
2499:
2209:
2040:
1877:
1746:
1446:
794:, who in early 1971 informed both Joint Chiefs of Staff, General
729:
Turkey maintains strong military ties with the U.S., through the
221:
916:, who was reporting to the Commander of the First Army, General
568:
some of its spies found haven in the U.S. intelligence community
345:
The command structure of the Counter-Guerrilla, as suggested in
69:. The founding goal of the operation was to erect a stay-behind
5335:
3696:
3274:
1023:
265:
216:
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits
82:
2520:"Tackling the PKK: New Directions for Turkey's Special Forces"
1944:"The name of the war against the people: the contra-guerrilla"
1065:(himself a Counter-Guerrilla, and infamous participant of the
986:, said Güney was treated well in return for his co-operation.
449:
Sahra Talimnamesi 31-15: Gayri Nizami Kuvvetlere Karşı Harekat
4048:
3818:
2969:
2764:, and almost all the installations were US Air Force as well.
2269:
1728:
1385:
1218:
1027:
960:
566:
for the creation of a Turkistan. After Germany lost the war,
1022:
On 30 March 1972 special forces raided Kızıldere village in
3661:
1795:
Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management Journal
1633:
Directorate General of Press and Information (1947-10-05).
1325:
Directorate General of Press and Information (1990-12-03).
1070:
1047:
467:
5491:
Criminal investigations into the Eric Adams administration
3098:
Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations
2455:
2003:"Susurluk'ta bütün yollar, devlete uğrayarak CIA'ya çıkar"
1381:"Soner Yalçın'dan 'Ergenekon'u anlamsızlaştırma kılavuzu'"
360:
With the consent of the National Defense Supreme Council (
330:
2661:
826:
822:
leftist intellectuals in a number of Turkish newspapers.
756:
In 1955, members of the ÖHD participated in planning the
588:
292:
1789:
Robey, Richard; Vordermark, Jeffrey (Winter 2003–2004).
643:
190:'s geostrategic value has long attracted players of the
139:, the Counter-Guerrilla were used to fight the militant
3627:(State prosecutor Öz was assassinated on 24 March 1978)
3387:"A beginner's guide to Ergenekon, trial of the century"
1791:"Security assistance mission in the Republic of Turkey"
347:
Field Manual 31-15: Operations Against Irregular Forces
5625:
Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research
3353:
2134:"Turkey's Killing Machine: The Contra-Guerrilla Force"
1378:
924:
veterans who had served in the Operations Department (
490:. He also said that he used to meet soldiers from the
317:
Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey
1699:"Greece and Turkey accede to NATO - 18 February 1952"
882:, but his friend Ruzi Nazar (of the CIA) intervened.
77:
occupation. The goal was soon expanded to subverting
5615:
Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans
520:
The CIA employed people from the far right, such as
88:
The Counter-Guerrilla initially operated out of the
2605:"Kontrgerilla soruşturmasını Doğan Güreş engelledi"
1997:
1995:
1747:Fernandes, Desmond; Ozden, Iskender (Spring 2001).
760:, which promoted both the state's secret policy of
5501:United States recognition of the Armenian genocide
4404:December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
3330:"Çatlı ve Ağca Özel Harp Dairesi'ne bağlı çalıştı"
2935:"CIA, nasıl oluyor da bu kadar detaylı biliyordu?"
2635:"Çatlı ve Ağca Özel Harp Dairesi'ne bağlı çalıştı"
1054:, Hüseyin İnan and Yusuf Aslan) were also killed.
854:The counter-guerrilla engaged in sporadic acts of
848:exposing the Counter-Guerrilla after his release.
5382:Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations
3380:
3378:
2213:, March 2000, Vol. 131, cited in pp.56-58 of the
2207:İnsel, Ahmet. "Rutininde İç Düşman Olan Devlet,"
1061:was responsible. He mentioned talking to general
262:Joint American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey
5714:
5377:Consulate General of the United States, Istanbul
4244:August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
2743:"7 Years on Turkish Soil: between 1978 and 1997"
1992:
1504:
429:Ayaklanmaları Bastırma Harekâtı: Teori ve Pratik
5461:2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack
4597:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
4537:March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
4254:March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
3201:"Necati, Yılmaz Güney'in MİT'teki köstebeğiydi"
3166:"Veli Küçük: Benim bölgemde faili meçhul olmaz"
2245:. Archived from the original on April 17, 2006.
2097:"Türkeş TMT'yi benden öğrendi, boynuma sarıldı"
1938:
1936:
628:, and the agreement was subsequently annulled.
104:, or STK). In 1967, the STK was renamed to the
3375:
2489:
2487:
1836:"Türkiye'de gizli bir Amerikan karargahı: ODC"
1641:. Office of the Prime Minister. Archived from
1177:. The lawsuit was canceled in 2008 due to the
871:was beefed up to do the same for politicians.
818:on 9 March 1971 with the media support of pro-
425:Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice
222:Development of US-Turkish military cooperation
5318:
3647:
2369:"Özel Harp Dairesi (ÖHD) ile ilgili haberler"
2276:The Rise and Fall of the Bulgarian Connection
702:In 1993, the parliament formed a commission (
416:Books used to educate the officers included:
5466:2013 United States embassy bombing in Ankara
5232:Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security
4776:2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
3916:Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan
3415:
3413:
1933:
1087:On 1 May 1977 the trade union confederation
708:Faili Meçhul Cinayetleri Araştırma Komisyonu
631:It was only when Yamak asked prime minister
392:. These people were to form the core of the
5620:Federation of Turkish American Associations
4756:1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives
3952:Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan
3466:"Asıl gladio 16 Mart'ta Ergenekon'da değil"
3222:
3029:"Kore kahramanları Ziverbey işkencelerinde"
2484:
2456:Ender Okusluk; Kursad Ciftci (2001-04-08).
1867:
1865:
1716:
1660:
1531:
1473:"Kontrgerilla mı Ergenekon mu, Çeteler mi?"
671:restructured the ÖHD and renamed it to the
546:), the youth wing of the MHP. Nazar was an
5372:Ambassadors of the United States to Turkey
5367:Ambassadors of Turkey to the United States
5325:
5311:
4449:August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids
3654:
3640:
2546:"Özel Harp'teki siviller: Beyaz Kuvvetler"
2421:
2419:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1511:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 34–37.
1361:Turkey's terrorists: a CIA legacy lives on
1142:then investigated on relationship between
438:31-15: Operations Against Irregular Forces
356:. The Host Country in this case is Turkey.
271:On 5 October 1947, a delegation of senior
268:under the authority of the US ambassador.
5655:Assembly of Turkish American Associations
4414:2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
3410:
2870:
2813:"Amerikan gizli belgelerindeki muhtıra-1"
2279:. New York: Sheridan Square. p. 63.
2239:"Oral Çelik: 'Ülkücüleri Naziler eğitti'"
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1206:
1076:
767:
214:sent two diplomatic notes concerning the
162:, and officially on 26 September 1973 by
155:was part of the group in the late 1970s.
5273:Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey
4208:Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
3946:Women's Liberation Movement of Kurdistan
3535:Gölgede Kalan İzler ve Gölgeleşen Bizler
3384:
3207:(in Turkish). 2007-07-20. Archived from
2965:"12 Eylül: Yakın tarihin en ağır yıkımı"
2810:
2602:
2503:(in Turkish). 2006-08-08. Archived from
2127:
2125:
2090:
2088:
1862:
1352:
1350:
1184:
810:and was decorated personally by General
474:, the STK was quartered in the JUSMMAT (
340:
18:
5743:Turkey–United States military relations
5703:Category:Turkey–United States relations
5650:American Turkish Friendship Association
5394:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
4766:1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
4639:October 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
3663:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
3493:
3354:Atar, Ersan; Sik, Barsin (2000-05-23).
2959:
2932:
2901:
2740:
2425:
2416:
1735:
1666:
1569:Studies on Turkish Politics and Society
1537:
1379:Aytaç, Önder; Uslu, Emre (2008-08-25).
1298:
1296:
470:. Operating under the authority of the
331:Tactical Mobilization Group (1952–1965)
280:United States National Security Council
5715:
5585:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
5278:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey
4049:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
3892:National Liberation Front of Kurdistan
3551:
3228:
3089:Ganser, Daniele (Winter–Spring 2005).
3088:
2859:: 1083. 1970-03-10. TDCS 314/02595–71.
2775:
2575:"Maşalar kötü de paşalar temiz mi? -2"
2572:
2064:"12 Mart Hukuku'nun Ardındaki ABD mi?"
2061:
1967:
1918:. Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. Archived from
1905:
1892:
1824:
1722:
1564:
1483:. Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş. Archived from
1464:
1310:. 2006-01-16. BA-01/06. Archived from
1275:Defense Finance and Accounting Service
1128:member), opened fire on the left-wing
1103:, and member of the social democratic
1011:
939:(one of the 9 March conspirators) and
589:Special Warfare Department (1965–1992)
454:Senior infantry colonel Cahit Vural's
5306:
3904:People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan
3635:
3570:
3529:
3327:
3293:
3267:
3026:
2994:
2632:
2428:"Washington'dan Ankara'ya yol gider!"
2366:
2337:
2299:
2236:
2132:Çelik, Serdar (February–March 1994).
2131:
2122:
2094:
2085:
1597:
1439:
1347:
955:, says that he was tortured there by
650:Special Forces (Turkish Armed Forces)
644:Special Forces Command (1992–present)
599:
5569:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
3964:Confederation Community of Kurdistan
3910:Democratic People's Union of Kurdish
3463:
3299:
3134:
3052:
3020:
2517:
2395:
2201:
1970:"Özel Harpçi Kürt Laz, Çerkez vardı"
1470:
1293:
1161:
951:Another prisoner, outspoken liberal
731:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
640:since the immediate post-war years.
228:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
116:, ÖHD). In 1994, the ÖHD became the
4582:Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)
3976:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan
3270:"Kızıldere Katliamı Dosyasını Açın"
2426:Dilipak, Abrurrahman (2008-10-13).
1066:
912:, working under Lieutenant General
764:, and the subversion of Communism.
159:
29:United States Department of Defense
13:
5630:Turkish American Cultural Alliance
5595:Turkish lobby in the United States
5590:2010 FIBA World Championship final
5362:Embassy of Turkey, Washington D.C.
3523:
3423:, Franck Cass, London, 2005, p.237
1873:"'Gladyo'dan Ergenekon'a yolculuk"
1152:National Intelligence Organization
788:National Intelligence Organization
745:
638:National Intelligence Organization
305:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
16:Turkish branch of Operation Gladio
14:
5809:
5793:Turkish nationalist organizations
5738:History of the Republic of Turkey
5640:Turkish Women's League of America
4474:September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack
3928:Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan
3605:
3592:
2215:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
2036:"Gladyo-Ergenekon yol kardeşliği"
1416:"TÜRKEI: Wie Olivenöl und Wasser"
885:
5698:
5697:
5496:Turkish Guantanamo Bay detainees
5481:Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
5344:
5334:
4464:June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes
4375:2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown
4098:
4043:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party
4036:
4030:Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan
4018:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3970:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
3879:
3866:
3847:
3835:
3689:
3554:Özel Savaş Terör ve Kontrgerilla
3385:Altintas, E Baris (2009-01-04).
3356:"Eymur'un acik adresi elcilikte"
2518:Uslu, Emrullah (July 10, 2008).
2495:"Terörle mücadeleye özel kuvvet"
2013:(39). 2008-09-19. Archived from
1727:. Office of History, TUSLOG HQ,
1552:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00284.x
1442:"Özel Harp Dairesi'nden Jitem'e"
1120:(a.k.a. "Triple A"), founded by
1118:Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
786:, yet another plot was found by
503:Komünizm ile Mücadele Dernekleri
4572:December 2016 Istanbul bombings
4399:October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri
3940:Free Women's Party of Kurdistan
3922:Free Women's Union of Kurdistan
3600:(in Turkish). Kaynak Yayınları.
3487:
3457:
3434:"16 Mart katliamı davası düştü"
3426:
3347:
3321:
3261:
3193:
3158:
3137:"Veli Küçük bana işkence yaptı"
3128:
3115:
3082:
3046:
2988:
2953:
2926:
2895:
2864:
2834:
2804:
2769:
2741:Bartley, Michael (2007-07-23).
2734:
2713:"Major General Eric J. Rosborg"
2705:
2655:
2626:
2596:
2566:
2538:
2449:
2389:
2360:
2331:
2293:
2263:
2230:
2180:
2055:
2028:
1961:
1850:
1834:Esendemir, Kutlu (2003-07-18).
1782:
1723:Leiser, Gary (November 1987) .
1691:
1626:
1591:
1558:
1138:Ankara's Deputy State Attorney
920:. The latter two generals were
659:In the early 1990s, Turkey and
464:Turkish Resistance Organization
462:Later, the generals formed the
313:United States European Commands
137:dissolution of the Soviet Union
5798:Persecution of Kurds in Turkey
5341:Turkey–United States relations
4567:Assassination of Deryan Aktert
3898:Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan
2811:Sertoğlu, Sedat (2008-02-18).
2603:Erbektaş, Barış (1997-11-08).
2398:"NATO Gladio istedi reddettik"
2367:Harun, Abdullah (2001-08-13).
2338:Harun, Abdullah (2008-07-27).
2273:; Brodhead, Frank (May 1986).
1573:. Netherlands: Brill. p.
1540:Presidential Studies Quarterly
1498:
1433:
1422:(in German) (29). 16 July 2007
1408:
1372:
1318:
1306:(Press release) (in Turkish).
1262:
1246:Turkey–United States relations
710:) to investigate the numerous
1:
5446:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
4389:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing
3053:Kamp, Kristina (2008-02-01).
2933:Korkmaz, Tamer (2008-02-22).
2902:Korkmaz, Tamer (2008-07-27).
2573:Kurtay, Serpil (2002-03-20).
2340:"Kontrgerilla, Ergenekon mu?"
2095:Doğan, İbrahim (2008-05-12).
1667:Simpson, Christopher (1994).
1256:
1217:On 23–24 December 1978, many
1114:June 20, 1973 Ezeiza massacre
1107:, declared to then President
880:execute him by a firing squad
663:were at loggerheads over the
480:Amerikan Askerî Yardım Heyeti
466:to counter the Greek Cypriot
447:. Translated into Turkish as
284:Office of Policy Coordination
172:
25:Office of Defense Cooperation
5768:Political violence in Turkey
5645:U.S.-Turkey Business Council
5635:Turkish Coalition of America
5486:2023 Turkish drone shootdown
5263:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey
4527:February 2016 Ankara bombing
4304:Winter Campaign of 1994–1995
3472:(in Turkish). Archived from
3464:Alci, Nagehan (2008-12-15).
3328:Kılıç, Ecevit (2007-10-11).
3278:(in Turkish). Archived from
3229:Mercan, Faruk (2006-01-09).
3143:(in Turkish). Archived from
3027:Kilic, Ecevit (2008-09-21).
3005:(in Turkish). Archived from
2995:Akbas, Tutkun (2008-01-15).
2973:(in Turkish). Archived from
2849:Foreign Relations, 1969-1976
2819:(in Turkish). Archived from
2786:(in Turkish). Archived from
2776:Berkan, Ismet (2005-09-06).
2633:Kilic, Ecevit (2007-10-11).
2611:(in Turkish). Archived from
2581:(in Turkish). Archived from
2466:(in Turkish). Archived from
2434:(in Turkish). Archived from
2308:(in Turkish). Archived from
2300:Akbas, Tutkun (2008-01-15).
2070:(in Turkish). Archived from
2062:Turhan, Talat (1976-10-11).
1968:Yilmaz, Turan (2008-11-10).
1950:. 1997-02-11. Archived from
1906:Mercan, Faruk (2006-01-09).
1842:(in Turkish). Archived from
1725:"HQ TUSLOG, a brief history"
1606:(in Turkish). Archived from
1389:(in Turkish). Archived from
1278:. 2008-10-16. Archived from
843:Immediately after the coup,
836:was executed to forestall a
740:
654:
372:Daniş Karabelen founded the
264:(JAMMAT) was established in
7:
5600:American Hellenic Institute
4552:May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing
4424:October 2008 Aktütün attack
3556:(in Turkish). Tümzamanlar.
3537:(in Turkish). Dogan Kitap.
3300:Acan, Necdet (2006-01-02).
3268:Özcan, Emine (2006-03-30).
3231:"İlk Özel Harpçi Orgeneral"
3135:Usul, Safile (2008-09-08).
2516:For a quote in English see
2396:Acan, Necdet (2006-01-03).
2237:Gezer, Şenol (2006-04-17).
1908:"İlk Özel Harpçi Orgeneral"
1857:Defunct ODC Turkey Web site
1440:Insel, Ahmet (2008-12-07).
1224:
978:The activist film director
505:) and funded the far-right
427:. Translated in Turkish as
374:Tactical Mobilization Group
366:Milli Savunma Yüksek Kurulu
337:Tactical Mobilization Group
325:ABD Savunma İşbirliği Ofisi
288:Central Intelligence Agency
238:Central Treaty Organization
94:Tactical Mobilization Group
10:
5814:
5753:Military history of Turkey
5253:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4761:2013–2015 Solution process
4522:February 2016 Lice bombing
4512:Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)
2876:"Sakalı yoktu dinletemedi"
2173:(in Turkish). 1990-11-28.
1817:December 22, 2016, at the
1598:Basri, Aysu (2008-02-16).
1471:Uğur, Fatih (2007-02-26).
1241:Grey Wolves (organization)
1210:
1188:
1165:
1148:Nationalist Movement Party
1116:in Buenos Aires, when the
1080:
1015:
889:
771:
749:
681:Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı
647:
606:Special Warfare Department
595:Special Warfare Department
592:
575:Special Warfare Department
515:Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi
472:Chief of the General Staff
394:Special Warfare Department
334:
225:
176:
126:Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı
106:Special Warfare Department
5733:Stay-behind organizations
5694:
5577:
5509:
5433:
5402:
5354:
5240:
5207:
5200:
5115:
5004:
4997:
4882:
4791:
4784:
4746:
4726:
4658:
4651:
4532:March 2016 Ankara bombing
4482:
4381:
4369:
4226:
4200:
4193:
4116:
4080:
3827:
3817:
3770:
3717:National Security Council
3704:
3687:
3669:
2904:"Kim, kimin nesi oluyor?"
2255:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2167:"a newspaper interview".
1105:Republican People's Party
996:Ziverbey is notable for:
869:National Security Council
562:in order to fight on the
558:to join the Nazis during
492:J3 Operations Directorate
382:Seferberlik Taktik Kurulu
102:Seferberlik Taktik Kurulu
61:initiative backed by the
50:) is a Turkish branch of
5788:Anti-communist terrorism
5758:Anti-communism in Turkey
5748:CIA activities in Turkey
5610:American-Turkish Council
5605:American Turkish Society
5539:Denizköy VLF transmitter
5517:CIA activities in Turkey
4602:2020 İskenderun shootout
4547:May 2016 Dürümlü bombing
4439:2010 Hakkâri bus bombing
4218:1980 Turkish coup d'état
3616:Counter-Guerrilla report
3499:"The Last Cold Warriors"
2857:U.S. Department of State
2552:(in Turkish). 2007-10-11
2224:October 3, 2008, at the
2044:(in Turkish). 2008-08-13
1881:(in Turkish). 2008-08-12
1565:Karpat, Kemal H (2004).
1231:CIA activities in Turkey
1199:under the leadership of
1034:(THKP-C), Hüdai Arıkan (
969:Kurdistan Workers' Party
900:, the Ziverbey villa in
778:1980 Turkish coup d'état
774:1971 Turkish coup d'état
141:Kurdistan Workers' Party
73:to undermine a possible
65:as an expression of the
5415:Second Cairo Conference
5227:Düzce Military Cemetery
4577:2017 Diyarbakır bombing
4497:Operation Martyr Yalçın
4409:2008 Diyarbakır bombing
4289:May 24, 1993 PKK attack
4284:Operation Northern Iraq
3873:People's Defence Forces
3790:Turkish Revenge Brigade
3598:Ülkücü Komanda Kampları
3302:"CHP'li Özel Harpçiler"
3104:(1): 74. Archived from
2997:"Türkeş'i CIA kurtardı"
2302:"Türkeş'i CIA kurtardı"
1675:Oxford University Press
806:, who was a veteran of
507:National Movement Party
5773:Anti-Kurdish sentiment
5248:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
4771:Musa Anter peace train
4607:Operation Claw-Eagle 2
4507:Siege of Silvan (2015)
4469:2012 Gaziantep bombing
4434:2010 İskenderun attack
4419:2008 Istanbul bombings
4354:1999 Istanbul bombings
4108:(until the late 1980s)
3552:Turhan, Talat (1992).
2719:. USAF. Archived from
2693:Cite journal requires
2458:"Bitlis'in ölümü kaza"
1213:Kahramanmaraş massacre
1207:Kahramanmaraş massacre
1083:Taksim Square massacre
1077:Taksim Square massacre
935:Intellectuals such as
929:
825:On 10 March 1971, the
768:Coups of 1971 and 1980
707:
696:
688:
680:
673:Special Forces Command
622:Chief of General Staff
613:
604:During the 1970s, the
582:
543:
514:
502:
479:
435:U.S. Army Field Manual
401:
381:
365:
357:
324:
260:. In August 1947, the
179:Turkish Straits crisis
125:
118:Special Forces Command
113:
101:
47:
36:
5559:Kürecik Radar Station
5554:Kisecik Radar Station
5451:TCG Muavenet (DM 357)
5052:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı
4734:Mothers of Diyarbakır
4444:2010 Istanbul bombing
2778:"6-7 Eylül'ün anlamı"
2615:on September 28, 2004
1505:Ro'i, Yaacov (1974).
1393:on September 12, 2008
1191:Bahçelievler massacre
1185:Bahçelievler massacre
1179:statute of limitation
834:1971 coup on 12 March
784:military coup in 1960
716:Speaker of Parliament
616:) was run by General
554:who had deserted the
344:
22:
5209:Memorials, monuments
5183:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
4629:Operation Claw-Sword
4502:2015 Hakkari assault
4359:Blue Market massacre
4324:1996 Tunceli bombing
4274:1992 Taşdelen attack
2823:on February 16, 2016
2532:Jamestown Foundation
2074:on February 11, 2012
1308:Turkish Armed Forces
959:, who later founded
724:State Security Court
484:Bahçelievler, Ankara
149:deep state in Turkey
90:Turkish Armed Forces
5222:33 Martyrs Memorial
5214:military cemeteries
4985:Sırrı Süreyya Önder
4935:Selahattin Demirtaş
4890:Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar
4634:2023 Ankara bombing
4617:Zakho resort attack
4612:Operation Claw-Lock
4592:2018 Gercüş bombing
4562:2016 Elazığ bombing
4517:Siege of Sur (2016)
4454:2011 Hakkâri attack
4394:2007 Ankara bombing
3476:on December 2, 2008
1645:on December 5, 2008
1600:"Özel Harp Dairesi"
1333:on December 5, 2008
1012:Kızıldere Operation
720:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
573:The STK became the
200:Potsdam Conferences
5670:Christopher Robert
5564:Pirinçlik Air Base
5510:Military relations
5410:Chester concession
5283:Turkish war crimes
5173:Ahmet Necdet Sezer
5057:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu
4624:2022 Mersin attack
4557:2016 Cizre bombing
4542:2016 Bursa bombing
4492:2015 Siirt bombing
4294:Başbağlar massacre
3886:Free Women's Units
3211:on August 10, 2009
3067:on August 10, 2009
2977:on October 8, 2008
2585:on August 11, 2009
2470:on August 10, 2009
2438:on August 10, 2009
2189:Fethullahçı Gladyo
2158:2011-05-12 at the
1703:NATO Media Library
1677:. pp. 39–45.
1610:on August 10, 2009
1282:on August 20, 2010
1018:Kızıldere Incident
965:Hezbollah (Turkey)
600:Search for funding
443:2009-07-21 at the
358:
352:2009-07-21 at the
303:After joining the
278:In December 1947,
234:British government
37:
31:organization (see
5728:Military scandals
5710:
5709:
5549:Izmir Air Station
5544:Incirlik Air Base
5534:Task Force Viking
5522:Counter-Guerrilla
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5196:
5195:
5168:Necmettin Erbakan
4993:
4992:
4940:Nurettin Demirtaş
4749:and peace efforts
4742:
4741:
4647:
4646:
4429:Reşadiye shooting
4264:Yeşilova incident
4259:Pınarcık massacre
4189:
4188:
4109:
4073:
3958:People's Congress
3813:
3812:
3780:Counter-Guerrilla
3628:
3585:978-605-4069-01-9
3576:Özel Harp Dairesi
3563:978-975-7350-21-7
3544:978-975-293-415-3
3419:Ganser, Daniele.
2747:merhabaturkey.com
2524:Terrorism Monitor
2286:978-0-940380-06-6
2068:Politika Gazetesi
1846:on July 14, 2011.
1684:978-0-19-510292-5
1584:978-90-04-13322-8
1518:978-0-470-73150-5
1487:on April 24, 2008
1162:16 March massacre
812:Douglas MacArthur
614:Özel Harp Dairesi
583:Özel Harp Dairesi
413:likely to occur.
402:Özel Harp Dairesi
370:brigadier general
327:) on 1 May 1994.
160:Ziverbey incident
114:Özel Harp Dairesi
40:Counter-Guerrilla
23:Seal of the U.S.
5805:
5783:Ethnic cleansing
5778:Racism in Turkey
5723:Operation Gladio
5701:
5700:
5683:Midnight Express
5441:Gourgen Yanikian
5425:Zurich Protocols
5355:Diplomatic posts
5349:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5268:Kurdish refugees
5205:
5204:
5143:Yıldırım Akbulut
5128:Süleyman Demirel
5107:Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu
5097:Erdal Ceylanoğlu
5082:Aydoğan Babaoğlu
5017:Tahsin Şahinkaya
5002:
5001:
4864:Hüseyin Velioğlu
4859:Muhammad Mustafa
4789:
4788:
4656:
4655:
4459:Roboski massacre
4339:Operation Hammer
4269:Battle of Şırnak
4234:1984 PKK attacks
4198:
4197:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4067:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3934:Free Women Party
3884:
3883:
3882:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3825:
3824:
3795:Susurluk scandal
3702:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3601:
3589:
3567:
3548:
3533:(January 2006).
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3505:. Archived from
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3395:. Archived from
3382:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3243:. Archived from
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3095:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3063:. Archived from
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2872:Özgentürk, Nebil
2868:
2862:
2860:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2373:Kontrgerilla.com
2364:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2344:Kontrgerilla.com
2335:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2246:
2234:
2228:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2138:Kurdistan Report
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:on June 16, 2008
2107:. Archived from
2092:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1831:
1822:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1764:. Archived from
1753:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1376:
1370:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1270:"DFAS Logo/Seal"
1266:
1168:Beyazıt Massacre
1144:Alparslan Türkeş
1091:held a rally on
898:1971 coup d'état
712:unsolved murders
585:, ÖHD) in 1967.
534:), to train the
386:Alparslan Türkeş
273:Turkish military
145:Susurluk scandal
133:black operations
54:, a clandestine
52:Operation Gladio
5813:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5763:Istanbul pogrom
5713:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5690:
5660:Hollings Center
5573:
5505:
5429:
5420:Truman Doctrine
5398:
5350:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5301:
5292:
5288:Iraq operations
5258:Rojava conflict
5236:
5211:
5192:
5111:
5077:Yaşar Büyükanıt
5067:İbrahim Fırtına
4998:Turkish leaders
4989:
4925:Tuncer Bakırhan
4878:
4804:Murat Karayılan
4799:Abdullah Öcalan
4785:Kurdish leaders
4780:
4748:
4738:
4722:
4643:
4587:2018 Siirt raid
4478:
4377:
4365:
4349:Operation Murat
4319:Operation Tokat
4309:Operation Steel
4222:
4185:
4112:
4099:
4097:
4076:
4037:
4035:
4019:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3880:
3878:
3867:
3865:
3848:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3809:
3766:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3665:
3660:
3608:
3586:
3564:
3545:
3526:
3524:Further reading
3521:
3512:
3510:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3400:
3383:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3311:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3266:
3262:
3250:
3248:
3247:on June 8, 2007
3227:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3070:
3068:
3051:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3010:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2978:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2931:
2927:
2915:
2913:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2885:
2869:
2865:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2805:
2793:
2791:
2774:
2770:
2759:
2751:
2749:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2723:on July 9, 2008
2711:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2670:
2660:
2656:
2644:
2642:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2571:
2567:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2510:
2508:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2473:
2471:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2378:
2376:
2365:
2361:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2315:
2313:
2312:on May 22, 2011
2298:
2294:
2287:
2268:
2264:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2226:Wayback Machine
2206:
2202:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2166:
2160:Wayback Machine
2146:
2144:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2017:on May 19, 2009
2001:
2000:
1993:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1954:on 1998-02-14.
1942:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1922:on June 8, 2007
1904:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1832:
1825:
1819:Wayback Machine
1804:
1802:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1665:
1661:
1648:
1646:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1604:Kıbrıs Gazetesi
1596:
1592:
1585:
1563:
1559:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1465:
1453:
1451:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1394:
1377:
1373:
1366:The Progressive
1355:
1348:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1319:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1227:
1215:
1209:
1193:
1187:
1170:
1164:
1122:José López Rega
1085:
1079:
1063:Memduh Ünlütürk
1020:
1014:
967:to counter the
930:Harekât Dairesi
910:Memduh Ünlütürk
894:
888:
856:domestic terror
780:
772:Main articles:
770:
758:Istanbul Pogrom
754:
752:Istanbul Pogrom
748:
746:Istanbul pogrom
743:
697:Beyaz Kuvvetler
689:Bordo Bereliler
657:
652:
646:
602:
597:
591:
456:Gerillaya Giriş
445:Wayback Machine
390:special warfare
354:Wayback Machine
339:
333:
250:Truman Doctrine
242:Truman Doctrine
230:
224:
210:. In 1946, the
185:
183:Truman Doctrine
175:
153:Mehmet Ali Agca
71:guerrilla force
67:Truman Doctrine
17:
12:
11:
5:
5811:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5708:
5707:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5665:Robert College
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5471:Andrew Brunson
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5188:Süleyman Soylu
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5037:Necip Torumtay
5034:
5029:
5027:Nurettin Ersin
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4980:Osman Baydemir
4977:
4975:Fatma Kurtulan
4972:
4967:
4965:Sebahat Tuncel
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:Gültan Kışanak
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4849:Nizamettin Taş
4846:
4841:
4839:Mahsum Korkmaz
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4819:Mustafa Karasu
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
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4758:
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4700:
4695:
4690:
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4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4344:Operation Dawn
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Siege of Varto
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Operation Hawk
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4279:Battle of Kulp
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4213:Maraş massacre
4210:
4204:
4202:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4182:(2023–present)
4177:
4176:(2014–present)
4171:
4170:(2012–present)
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4095:
4090:
4084:
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4074:
4062:
4057:
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4027:
4015:
4003:
3991:
3979:
3973:
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3949:
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3913:
3907:
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3895:
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3876:
3863:
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3844:
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3822:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3762:Village Guards
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3699:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3607:
3606:External links
3604:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3584:
3568:
3562:
3549:
3543:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3503:Albion Monitor
3497:(1997-04-06).
3486:
3456:
3444:Anadolu Agency
3425:
3409:
3374:
3346:
3320:
3292:
3260:
3239:(in Turkish).
3221:
3192:
3176:Anadolu Agency
3174:(in Turkish).
3157:
3127:
3123:Ziverbey Köşkü
3121:İlhan Selçuk,
3114:
3111:on 2008-12-17.
3081:
3045:
3019:
2987:
2963:(2008-10-01).
2961:Berktay, Halil
2952:
2925:
2894:
2874:(1997-03-09).
2863:
2833:
2803:
2768:
2733:
2704:
2695:|journal=
2680:on 2008-12-17.
2666:(1980-03-29).
2664:James W. Spain
2654:
2625:
2595:
2565:
2537:
2483:
2448:
2415:
2388:
2359:
2330:
2292:
2285:
2271:Herman, Edward
2262:
2229:
2200:
2179:
2121:
2103:(in Turkish).
2084:
2054:
2027:
2009:(in Turkish).
1991:
1960:
1948:Ozgur Politika
1932:
1914:(in Turkish).
1891:
1861:
1849:
1823:
1781:
1734:
1715:
1690:
1683:
1659:
1625:
1590:
1583:
1557:
1530:
1517:
1497:
1479:(in Turkish).
1463:
1432:
1407:
1371:
1346:
1317:
1314:on 2008-03-08.
1292:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:Propaganda Due
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1211:Main article:
1208:
1205:
1201:Abdullah Çatlı
1189:Main article:
1186:
1183:
1166:Main article:
1163:
1160:
1109:Fahri Korutürk
1081:Main article:
1078:
1075:
1067:Ziverbey villa
1040:Cihan Alptekin
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1001:
892:Ziverbey Villa
890:Main article:
887:
886:Ziverbey villa
884:
769:
766:
750:Main article:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:U.S. Air Force
656:
653:
645:
642:
601:
598:
590:
587:
482:) building in
460:
459:
452:
432:
332:
329:
298:William Corson
256:forces in the
254:United Nations
223:
220:
192:New Great Game
174:
171:
164:Prime Minister
59:anti-communist
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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5408:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5387:Turkish House
5385:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
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5360:
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5264:
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5233:
5230:
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5219:
5217:
5215:
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5206:
5203:
5199:
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5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Bülent Ecevit
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
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4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Pervin Buldan
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:Ayla Akat Ata
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
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4908:
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4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:Celal Başkale
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
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4805:
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4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4747:Peace process
4745:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4654:
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4627:
4625:
4622:
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4615:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
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4540:
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4530:
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4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
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4445:
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4440:
4437:
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4432:
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4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Sazak assault
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:Lice massacre
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
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3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3877:
3874:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3572:Kılıç, Ecevit
3569:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3509:on 2005-11-11
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:Komisar, Lucy
3490:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3399:on 2009-08-10
3398:
3394:
3393:
3392:Today's Zaman
3388:
3381:
3379:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3296:
3282:on 2009-08-10
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3147:on 2008-12-31
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:Today's Zaman
3056:
3049:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3009:on 2011-05-22
3008:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2837:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2790:on 2009-01-30
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2700:
2687:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2507:on 2006-08-27
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2437:
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2422:
2420:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2163:Bülent Ecevit
2161:
2157:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Kurtuluş Yolu
2004:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1771:on 2023-01-17
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1704:
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1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1656:
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1369:, April 1997.
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1327:"Ayın Tarihi"
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5529:Nomad Shadow
5521:
5178:Abdullah Gül
5163:Mesut Yılmaz
5158:Tansu Çiller
5148:Mesut Yılmaz
5092:Işık Koşaner
5087:İlker Başbuğ
5072:Faruk Cömert
5042:Eşref Bitlis
5022:Bülend Ulusu
4970:Kemal Burkay
4930:Aysel Tuğluk
4920:Murat Bozlak
4874:İsmail Özden
4854:Mazlum Doğan
4844:Şemdin Sakık
4834:Osman Öcalan
4824:Duran Kalkan
4484:2015–present
4194:The conflict
3960:(Kongra-Gel)
3779:
3615:
3597:
3594:Yamak, Kemal
3575:
3553:
3534:
3531:Yamak, Kemal
3511:. Retrieved
3507:the original
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2607:. Politika.
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2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2010:
2006:
1986:
1980:. Retrieved
1978:(in Turkish)
1973:
1963:
1955:
1952:the original
1947:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:the original
1915:
1911:
1883:. Retrieved
1876:
1875:. Politika.
1852:
1844:the original
1839:
1812:original PDF
1803:. Retrieved
1798:
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1766:the original
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1705:. 2007-09-22
1702:
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1546:(1): 27–37.
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1280:the original
1273:
1264:
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1197:nationalists
1194:
1171:
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1086:
1056:
1052:Deniz Gezmiş
1021:
995:
988:
984:Mehmet Eymür
980:Yılmaz Güney
977:
950:
937:İlhan Selçuk
934:
895:
878:intended to
873:
865:
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850:
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831:
824:
792:Mahir Kaynak
790:(MİT) agent
781:
755:
728:
701:
658:
630:
626:Semih Sancar
603:
572:
560:World War II
532:Sylvia Nasar
519:
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455:
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421:David Galula
415:
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359:
302:
291:
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231:
212:Soviet Union
194:. After the
186:
157:
135:. After the
130:
87:
48:Kontrgerilla
39:
38:
5677:Billy Hayes
5153:Erdal İnönü
5123:Turgut Özal
5102:Necdet Özel
5062:Hilmi Özkök
5047:Doğan Güreş
5032:Necdet Üruğ
5012:Kenan Evren
4910:Orhan Doğan
4905:Hatip Dicle
4829:Haji Ahmadi
4814:Bahoz Erdal
4809:Cemîl Bayik
4164:(2008–2014)
4158:(2005–2009)
4146:(1997–2005)
4140:(1994–2003)
4134:(1993–1994)
4128:(1990–1993)
3785:Grey Wolves
3747:Coast Guard
3742:Gendarmerie
3436:. Türkiye.
3188:sorguladım?
2717:Biographies
2662:Ambassador
2321:) See also
2219:1998 Report
2038:. Türkiye.
1840:Yeni Harman
1639:Ayın Tarihi
1635:"Ekim 1947"
1602:. Magazin.
1420:Der Spiegel
1195:A group of
1175:Grey Wolves
1156:Grey Wolves
1032:Mahir Çayan
953:Murat Belge
669:Doğan Güreş
618:Kemal Yamak
536:Grey Wolves
530:(father of
522:Pan-Turkist
309:US military
246:US Congress
208:Dardanelles
143:(PKK) (cf.
56:stay-behind
5717:Categories
5456:Hood event
4960:Emine Ayna
4915:Ahmet Türk
4900:Leyla Zana
4895:Yaşar Kaya
3888:(YJA-STAR)
3772:Deep state
3712:Government
3513:2008-12-22
3480:2008-12-15
3450:2008-12-15
3403:2009-01-03
3368:2008-12-12
3340:2008-11-16
3314:2008-08-15
3286:2008-07-07
3251:2008-09-21
3215:2008-12-18
3182:2008-12-15
3151:2008-12-05
3141:Gazeteport
3139:. Güncel.
3071:2008-10-22
3039:2008-12-25
3013:2008-12-29
2981:2009-01-01
2946:2008-12-28
2940:Yeni Şafak
2916:2008-12-28
2909:Yeni Şafak
2888:2008-12-28
2827:2008-12-28
2794:2008-12-09
2752:2008-10-15
2727:2008-10-13
2645:2008-11-16
2619:2009-01-02
2589:2009-01-02
2556:2008-11-12
2511:2008-09-22
2474:2008-10-13
2463:Yeni Şafak
2460:. Gündem.
2442:2008-10-13
2409:2008-08-15
2379:2012-12-07
2350:2012-12-07
2316:2008-12-29
2147:2008-09-20
2115:2008-09-22
2078:2008-11-04
2048:2008-10-15
2021:2008-11-04
1982:2008-11-10
1926:2008-10-15
1885:2008-09-22
1805:2008-09-20
1775:2015-06-10
1709:2008-10-17
1649:2008-12-22
1614:2008-12-22
1524:2008-12-23
1491:2009-01-03
1454:2008-12-27
1426:2017-01-08
1397:2008-12-11
1337:2008-10-21
1286:2008-10-16
1257:References
1236:Deep state
1026:district,
957:Veli Küçük
941:Uğur Mumcu
922:Korean War
918:Faik Türün
896:After the
808:Korean War
804:Faik Türün
802:, General
782:After the
648:See also:
593:See also:
550:born near
528:Ruzi Nazar
423:'s famous
335:See also:
258:Korean War
232:After the
226:See also:
177:See also:
173:Background
5434:Incidents
5403:Diplomacy
5138:Ali Bozer
5116:Political
4883:Political
4792:Insurgent
4713:2011–2012
4660:Serhildan
4382:2004–2012
4370:1999–2004
4239:Karageçit
4227:1984–1999
4201:1974–1984
4118:Political
3828:Insurgent
3800:Ergenekon
3732:Air Force
2577:. Dosya.
2251:cite news
1130:Peronists
973:Ergenekon
876:Madanoğlu
741:Incidents
655:Post-USSR
544:Ülkücüler
525:SS-member
202:in 1945,
79:communism
5201:See also
5005:Military
4652:Protests
4070:Hüda-Par
3722:Military
3674:Timeline
3612:Doğan Öz
3574:(2008).
3361:Milliyet
3307:Hürriyet
3171:Hürriyet
2609:Evrensel
2579:Evrensel
2403:Hürriyet
2222:Archived
2170:Milliyet
2156:Archived
1975:Hürriyet
1821:. 3.1MB)
1815:Archived
1225:See also
1140:Doğan Öz
1097:Istanbul
1036:Dev-Genç
989:General
946:acrostic
906:Istanbul
800:Istanbul
556:Red Army
552:Tashkent
441:Archived
410:cellular
350:Archived
188:Anatolia
128:, ÖKK).
5578:Related
4249:Ortabağ
4051:(YDG-H)
4032:(TECAK)
3954:(KADEK)
3859:History
3819:Kurdish
3439:Radikal
3236:Aksiyon
2783:Radikal
2534:: 9–11.
2500:Radikal
2327:YouTube
2210:Birikim
2194:YouTube
2153:quoting
2101:Aksiyon
2041:Radikal
1912:Aksiyon
1878:Radikal
1757:Variant
1477:Aksiyon
1447:Radikal
926:Turkish
902:Erenköy
704:Turkish
693:Turkish
685:Turkish
677:Turkish
610:Turkish
579:Turkish
540:Turkish
511:Turkish
499:Turkish
488:Kızılay
476:Turkish
458:(1972).
398:Turkish
378:Turkish
362:Turkish
321:Turkish
122:Turkish
110:Turkish
98:Turkish
44:Turkish
4727:Others
4152:(2005)
4081:Allies
4045:(MLKP)
3978:(PPKK)
3942:(PAJK)
3930:(PJKK)
3924:(YAJK)
3906:(ARGK)
3894:(ERNK)
3821:groups
3752:Police
3697:Turkey
3694:
3582:
3560:
3541:
3275:Bianet
3077:death'
2530:(14).
2283:
1859:(2002)
1681:
1581:
1515:
1024:Niksar
845:Soviet
838:Soviet
820:Soviet
266:Ankara
83:Turkey
75:Soviet
5241:Other
4144:DEHAP
4138:HADEP
4105:ASALA
4001:KDP/N
3972:(PŞK)
3966:(KKK)
3948:(KJB)
3936:(PJA)
3918:(CDK)
3912:(YDK)
3900:(HRK)
3875:(HPG)
3805:JİTEM
3705:State
3470:Akşam
3334:Sabah
3205:Sabah
3109:(PDF)
3094:(PDF)
3033:Sabah
3002:Sabah
2970:Taraf
2881:Sabah
2845:(PDF)
2817:Akşam
2678:(PDF)
2671:(PDF)
2639:Sabah
2550:Sabah
2432:Vakit
2323:Video
2306:Sabah
2243:Bugün
2165:from
1769:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1729:USAFE
1386:Taraf
1219:Alevi
1028:Tokat
991:Yamak
961:JITEM
548:Uzbek
196:Yalta
5212:and
4718:2014
4708:2009
4703:2008
4698:2006
4693:2005
4688:2001
4683:1999
4678:1992
4673:1991
4668:1990
4013:PJAK
3737:Navy
3727:Army
3580:ISBN
3558:ISBN
3539:ISBN
2853:XXIX
2699:help
2281:ISBN
2257:link
1679:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1089:DİSK
1071:NATO
1048:THKO
1044:THKO
963:and
832:The
776:and
468:EOKA
198:and
181:and
33:seal
4180:DEM
4174:DBP
4168:HDP
4162:BDP
4156:DTP
4150:DTH
4132:DEP
4126:HEP
4093:TDP
4088:DHP
4060:HİK
4055:PIK
4025:KKP
3989:TAK
3854:PKK
3842:KCK
3757:MİT
3679:Map
3241:579
2325:on
2217:'s
2192:on
2105:701
1916:579
1801:(2)
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