War on drugs - Knowledge

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The war narrative prevailed, and the biggest winners were the systems built to wage a fight that they soon realized would have no end – but this was a good thing: It became a source for endless resources, inflated budgets, contracts, purchase orders, power, influence – new economies battling drug trafficking but also dependent on it. ... The booming market of potentially dangerous substances flowing from Latin America to the United States became an unstoppable industry. Starting in the mid-1970s, it triggered an economic revolution in the region. ... became a growth sector that put all export industries to shame. ... pioneered a capitalist revolution ... triggering vast inequality and violence. ... The clandestine nature of the industry and its high profit margins elevated political corruption to new heights. There are many examples across the region of those charged with fighting drug trafficking who ended up profiting from it, all while cultivating close relationships with U.S. enforcement and intelligence agencies. ... Beneath ... lies a vast foundation: the cocaine proletariat, farmers from Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, who depend on the crops for survival. Poverty binds them to an industry that offers liquidity and consistent returns, but that also devalues their rights and lives.

853: 1407: 1885:(USAID), and has remained the core legislation governing foreign financial assistance. In 1972, reacting to concerns over illicit drugs from foreign sources, Congress added an “International Narcotics Control” chapter to the FAA, which allowed the President to enter into agreements and provide assistance for counternarcotic activities in foreign countries. It also made US economic and military aid, including arms sales, dependent on countries aligning with US anti-drug policies. Later, the terms "major illicit drug-producing country" and "major drug-transit country" were defined in the Act; as of 1986, the President has been required to annually determine which countries fit those definitions, and which of them were not adequately cooperating with counter-drug efforts and therefore would not receive US financial aid. This so-called "majors list" has shaped how US assistance money is used internationally in the war on drugs. 1368:

cocaine 100 times more severe for crack than for the powder form. With the 100:1 ratio, conviction in federal court for possession of 5 grams of crack would receive the same 5-year mandatory minimum as possession of 500 grams of powder cocaine. Debate at the time considered whether crack, generally used by blacks, was more addictive than the powder form, generally used by whites, comparing the effects of snorting powder cocaine with the briefer, more intense high from smoking crack; pharmacologically, there is no difference between the two. According to the DEA, at first crack "was not fully appreciated as a major threat because it was primarily being consumed by middle class users who were not associated with cocaine addicts ... However, partly because crack sold for as little as $ 5 a rock, it ultimately spread to less affluent neighborhoods."

1540:(ACLU), "The Drug War is the New Jim Crow", tied the vastly disproportionate rate of African American incarceration to the range of rights lost once convicted. It stated that, while "whites and blacks use drugs at almost exactly the same rates ... African-Americans are admitted to state prisons at a rate that is 13.4 times greater than whites, a disparity driven largely by the grossly racial targeting of drug laws." Between federal and state laws, those convicted of even simple possession could lose the right to vote, eligibility for educational assistance including loans and work-study programs, custody of their children, and personal property including homes. The report concluded that the cumulative effect of the war on drugs amounted to "the US apartheid, the new Jim Crow". This view was further developed by lawyer and civil rights advocate 889:

lawmakers. Publicly, he used the media and speaking engagements, to introduce hyperbolic messages about the evils of drug use. In the 1930s, he referred to a collection of news reports of horrific crimes making unsubstantiated claims attributing them to drugs, particularly cannabis. He announced that youth become "slaves" to cannabis, "continuing addiction until they deteriorate mentally, become insane, turn to violent crime and murder.” He promoted a racialized view of drug use, saying that blacks and Latinos were the primary abusers. In Congressional testimony, he declared “of all the offenses committed against the laws of this country, the narcotic addict is the most frequent offender.” He was also an effective administrator and diplomat, attending international drug conferences and steadily expanding the FBN's influence.

1874:, adopted by over 180 countries, provide a legal basis for cooperation between countries. Each state is obligated to incorporate the treaty provisions in their domestic laws. While there is a degree of interpretative flexibility, "each of the treaties encourages – and often requires – that member countries put in place strong domestic penal provisions" to deal with illicit drugs; punitive policies have been the common approach. The US, emerging as the dominant power after WWII, exerted considerable influence over how the conventions were adopted by other nations, promoting a prohibitionist and criminalizing view. Historically, the US has been "the key player in most multilateral negotiations" and the prohibitionist approach "derives largely from U.S. policy – the various forms, past and present, of the U.S. 'war on drugs'". 1115:, establishing his approach to drug control. The Act largely repealed mandatory minimum sentences: simple possession was reduced from a felony to a misdemeanor, the first offense carried a maximum of one year in prison, and judges had the latitude to assign probation, parole or dismissal. Penalties for trafficking were increased, up to life depending on the quantity and type of drug. Funding was authorized for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to provide treatment, rehabilitation and education. Additional federal drug agents were provided, and a "no-knock" power was instituted, that allowed entry into homes without warning to prevent evidence from being destroyed. Licensing and stricter reporting and record-keeping for medical drug manufacturers and distributors occurred under the Act. Title II of Act, the 628: 23135: 1521: 3173:. Comparing the cost of prohibition to the tax revenue if cannabis was taxed as regular consumer good, or similarly to alcohol, the letter stated that the budgetary impact, considered alongside evidence that "suggests prohibition has minimal benefits and may itself cause substantial harm", favors "a regime in which marijuana is legal but taxed and regulated like other goods." According to a 2010 report on co-authored by Miron, the annual savings on enforcement and incarceration costs from the legalization of drugs would amount to roughly $ 41.3 billion, with $ 25.7 billion being saved among the states and over $ 15.6 billion accrued for the federal government. Miron further estimated at least $ 46.7 billion in tax revenue based on rates comparable to those on 1772:, to allow cannabis to be more easily researched for medical purposes. It is the first standalone cannabis reform bill enacted at the federal level. That October, Biden stated on social media, "We classify marijuana at the same level as heroin – and more serious than fentanyl. It makes no sense," and pledged to start a review by the Attorney General on how cannabis is classified. On October 6, he pardoned all those with federal convictions for simple cannabis possession (to a degree symbolic, as none of those affected were imprisoned at the time), and urged the states, where the large majority of convictions rest, to do the same. His action affected 6,500 people convicted from 1992 to 2021, and thousands convicted in the District of Columbia. 1597: 3031:

intelligence operations. The White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy, home of the drug czar and ostensibly the coordinating agency, had a staff of 150, and a $ 36 million dollar budget; the overall federal drug war budget for 1998 was $ 16 billion. Most of the agencies involved did not report to the ONDCP, instead to one of 13 congressional appropriations subcommittees. The largest single share of the budget, $ 2 billion, went to the Bureau of Prisons. Federal agencies also passed on billions of anti-drug dollars to the states, with little oversight or accountability. In 2024, the ONDCP requested $ 461 million of a $ 46 billion federal budget allocated across some 50 federal agencies.

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people sent to prison for drug possession crimes. Nationwide African-Americans were sent to state prisons for drug offenses 13 times more often than other races, even though they supposedly constituted only 13% of regular drug users. Human Rights Watch's report, "Race and the Drug War" (2000), provided extensive documentation of racial disparities, citing statistics and case studies highlighting the unequal treatment of racial and ethnic groups by law enforcement agencies, particularly in drug arrests. According to the report, in the US in 1999, compared to non-minorities, African Americans were far more likely to be arrested for drug crimes, and received much stiffer penalties and sentences.

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America, then it will surely in time destroy us." His strategy involved both treatment and interdiction: "I am proposing the appropriation of additional funds to meet the cost of rehabilitating drug users, and I will ask for additional funds to increase our enforcement efforts to further tighten the noose around the necks of drug peddlers, and thereby loosen the noose around the necks of drug users." He singled out heroin and broadened the scope beyond the US: "To wage an effective war against heroin addiction, we must have international cooperation. In order to secure such cooperation, I am initiating a worldwide escalation in our existing programs for the control of narcotics traffic."

22770: 2102:, noted that "Plan Colombia has been widely hailed as a success, and some analysts believe that, by 2010, Colombian security forces had finally gained the upper hand once and for all." The report cited dramatic reductions in kidnappings and terrorist acts, and the recapture of territory, attributed to "a reinforced military and reinvigorated police force." It also found that, as of 2010, "Colombia is still a major source country for illicit narcotics. Moreover, the state continues to share sovereignty with a range of violent nonstate actors, including rebel groups and rightwing paramilitaries allied with drug traffickers and wealthy landowners." The 2520:

far beyond their intended limits. Overcrowding strains the prison system and raises questions about the effectiveness of incarceration as a solution to drug-related issues. Resources that could be allocated to address the root causes of drug abuse, provide rehabilitation and treatment programs, or support communities affected by drug-related issues, are instead used to manage the considerable prison population. Critics argue that focusing solely on incarceration fails to address the underlying social factors contributing to drug abuse and perpetuates a cycle of criminality without offering pathways to recovery and reintegration into society.

22666: 1210:'s 1994 interview notes: "... by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did." The quote was challenged by Ehrlichman's children, and Nixon-era officials. In the end, the increasingly punitive reshaping of US drug policy by later administrations was most responsible for creating some of the conditions Ehrlichman described. 2960: 2608:, Michelle Alexander argues that the war on drugs has effectively perpetuated a racial caste system, with African American and Hispanic individuals experiencing disproportionately high rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration for drug-related offenses. This system functions as a modern form of racial control, stripping individuals of their rights and opportunities, and reinforcing societal inequalities. According to Alexander, the consequences extend beyond criminal justice, affecting economic opportunities, access to education, and overall social mobility for affected individuals and communities. 1221:, argued that Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act had rolled back mandatory minimum sentencing and balanced the "long-dominant law enforcement approach to drug policy, known as 'supply reduction'" with an "entirely new and massive commitment to prevention, intervention and treatment, known as 'demand reduction'", thus Nixon was not in fact the originator of what came to be called the "war on drugs". During Nixon's term, some 70% of federal anti-drug money was spent on demand-side public health measures, and 30% on supply-side interdiction and punishment, a situation reversed under subsequent administrations. 2661:, America's second largest employer, eliminated cannabis testing in job pre-screening, where not required by government regulations, stating, "Pre-employment marijuana testing has disproportionately affected communities of color by stalling job placement." In a survey of 45,000 companies worldwide, 9% reported the elimination of testing in order to improve hiring. In 2022, thousands of US truck drivers were taken off the road after testing positive for cannabis, contributing to a severe driver shortage; a conflict between the majority of states with some form of cannabis legalization, and the federal 7584:"According to the federal government's budget numbers for anti-drug programs, the 'demand' side of the war on drugs (treatment, education, and prevention) consistently got more funding during Nixon's time in office (1969 to 1974) than the 'supply' side (law enforcement and interdiction). ... Historically, this is a commitment for treating drugs as a public health issue that the federal government has not replicated since the 1970s. (Although President Barack Obama's budget proposal would, for the first time in decades, put a majority of anti-drug spending on the demand side once again.)" 22938: 1529: 1039:, creating the first federal mandatory minimums for drugs. The act unified penalties for the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act and the Marihuana Tax Act, effectively criminalizing cannabis. Anslinger testified in favor of the inclusion of cannabis, describing a "stepping-stone" path leading from cannabis to harder drugs and crime. First-offense possession of cannabis carried a 2-10 year minimum and a fine of up to $ 20,000. This marked a change in Congress's approach to mandatory minimums, increasing their number, severity, and the crimes they covered. According to the 22879: 23071: 22716: 7548:

point that it's not surprising he would want to rid the world of them. And there's evidence that Ehrlichman felt bitter and betrayed by Nixon after he spent time in prison over the Watergate scandal, so he may have lied. ... More importantly, Nixon's drug policies did not focus on the kind of criminalization that Ehrlichman described. Instead, Nixon's drug war was largely a public health crusade – one that would be reshaped into the modern, punitive drug war we know today by later administrations, particularly President Ronald Reagan.

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businesses. Corruption among politicians and anti-drug forces soared, even as those in charge were "cultivating close relationships with U.S. enforcement and intelligence agencies." An underclass of poor farmers became economic hostages, depending on drug crops for their survival. The big winners were "the systems built to wage a fight that they soon realized would have no end. ... became a source for endless resources, inflated budgets, contracts, purchase orders, power, influence – new economies battling drug trafficking but also dependent on it."

2586: 2297:. Noriega had been providing military assistance to Contra groups in Nicaragua at the request of the US, which in turn paid him and tolerated his drug trafficking activities, known since the 1960s. Relations with the US deteriorated in the mid-1980s, and his dealings with the US government were exposed in the US news media. The killing of a US soldier in Panama was the final act leading to the invasion. Noriega surrendered to US soldiers on January 3, 1990. He was indicted by the DEA and sentenced by a US court to 45 years in prison for 2900:, an effort to eradicate coca production in Colombia. The main result of this effort was to shift coca production into more remote areas and force other forms of adaptation. The overall acreage cultivated for coca in Colombia at the end of the six years was found to be the same, after the US Drug Czar's office announced a change in measuring methodology in 2005 and included new areas in its surveys. Cultivation in the neighboring countries of Peru and Bolivia increased, some would describe this effect like squeezing a balloon. 2122: 739:

and otherwise." The law catered to resentment towards the Chinese laborer population who were being accused of taking jobs; other uses of opiates or other drugs were unaffected. Similar laws were enacted in other states and cities. The federal government became involved, selectively raising the import tariff on the smoking grade of opium. None of these measures proved effective in significantly reducing opium use, while the anti-Chinese fervor lead to Congress halting Chinese laborer immigration for 10 years with the

20117: 2445: 1513: 8697:. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 4 on page 4 for a timeline of nationwide incarceration rates. See appendix table 3 on page 13, for "Persons held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000, 2010, and 2015–2016". That table also has incarceration rates. See appendix table 2 on page 12 for the number or persons incarcerated in territorial prisons, military facilities, and jails in Indian country. 20071: 2557:(USSC) found that nearly two-thirds of crack users were white or Hispanic, while nearly 85% of those convicted for possession were black, with similar numbers for trafficking. Powder cocaine offenders were more equally divided across race. The USSC noted that these disparities resulted in African Americans serving longer prison sentences than other ethnicities. In a 1995 report to Congress, the USSC recommended against the 100:1 sentencing ratio. In 2010, the 100:1 sentencing ratio was reduced to 18:1. 1294:

cocaine seizures annually – administration officials deemed it Reagan's biggest drug enforcement success. However, law enforcement agents said their impact was minimal, with cocaine imports increasing by 10%, to an estimated 75-80% of America's supply. According to the head of the task force's investigative unit, "Law enforcement just can't stop the drugs from coming in." A Bush spokesperson emphasized disrupting smuggling routes rather than seizure quantities as the measure of success."

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penalties. Before 1951, mandatory minimum penalties typically punished offenses concerning treason, murder, piracy, rape, slave trafficking, internal revenue collection, and counterfeiting. Today, the majority of convictions under statutes carrying mandatory minimum penalties relate to controlled substances, firearms, identity theft, and child sex offenses. Third, the mandatory minimum penalties most commonly used today are generally lengthier than mandatory minimum penalties in earlier eras.

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problems of sources of supply ... It will be government wide, pulling together the nine different fragmented areas within the government in which this problem is now being handled, and it will be nationwide in terms of a new educational program." Nixon also stated that the problem wouldn't end with soldier addiction in the Vietnam War. He pledged to ask Congress for a minimum of $ 350 million for the anti-drug effort (when he took office in 1969, the federal drug budget was $ 81 million).

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propensity for dependence, and more severe consequences when cocaine is smoked (cocaine-base) or injected intravenously (cocaine hydrochloride) compared with intranasal use (cocaine hydrochloride). The crucial variables appear to be the immediacy, duration, and magnitude of cocaine's effect, as well as the frequency and amount of cocaine used rather than the form of the cocaine. Furthermore, cocaine hydrochloride used intranasally may be a gateway drug or behavior to using crack cocaine.

2601:, and later involve creation of criminal records which make employment more difficult. One-fifth of the US prison population are incarcerated for a drug offence. Thus, some authors maintain that the War on Drugs has resulted in the creation of a permanent underclass of people who have few educational or job opportunities, often as a result of being punished for drug offenses which in turn have resulted from attempts to earn a living in spite of having no education or job opportunities. 22676: 22656: 22918: 20104: 121: 2831: 1176:(ODALE) in late 1971. ODALE, armed with new federal enforcement powers, began orchestrating drug raids nationwide to improve the administration's watchdog reputation. In a private conversation while helicoptering over Brooklyn, Nixon was reported to have commented, "You and I care about treatment. But those people down there, they want those criminals off the streets." From 1972 to 1973, ODALE performed 6,000 drug arrests in 18 months, the majority of the arrested black. 2309: 22977: 22687: 33168: 26203: 2271: 659:(1861–1865), millions of doses of opiates were distributed to sick and wounded soldiers, addicting some; home gardens were turned to poppies for opium processing in the war effort. In the civilian population, physicians treated opiates like a wonder drug, prescribing them widely, for chronic pain, irritable babies, asthma, bronchitis, insomnia, "nervous conditions", hysteria, menstrual cramps, morning sickness, gastrointestinal disease, "vapors", and on. 22697: 19853: 19829: 1127:, known as the Shafer Commission, to investigate. The Shafer report, "Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding" (1972), combined a review of the medical literature and a national drug survey. It recommended decriminalization for personal possession and use of small amounts of cannabis, and prohibition only of supply. The conclusion was not acted on by Nixon or Congress. Citing the Shafer report, a lobbying campaign from 1973 to 1978, spearheaded by the 23082: 23095: 22951: 19880: 8673:. "The information is the latest available in early December 2008. … Most figures relate to dates between the beginning of 2006 and the end of November 2008." According to the summary on page one there were 2.29 million U.S. inmates and 9.8 million inmates worldwide. The U.S. held 23.4% of the world's inmates. The U.S. total in this report is for December 31, 2007 (see page 3), and does not include inmates in juvenile detention facilities. 23038: 750:, also known as the Wiley Act, addressed problems with tainted and adulterated food in the growing industrial food system, and with drug quality, by mandating ingredient labels and prohibited misleading or false labeling. For drugs, a listing of active ingredients was required; a set of drugs deemed addictive or dangerous, including opium, morphine, cocaine, caffeine, and cannabis, was specified. Oversight of the act was assigned to the 19890: 1232:(1977-1981), was essentially a continuation of their predecessors' policies. Carter's campaign platform included decriminalization of cannabis and an end to federal penalties for possession of up to one ounce. In a 1977 "Drug Abuse Message to the Congress", Carter stated, "Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself." None of his advocacy was translated into law. 2371:. For generations, Afghanistan had been producing opium; the Taliban, in power since 1996, banned opium in 2000, reducing domestic production by 90% within a year, cutting the world opium supply by an estimated 65%. With the invasion, poppy cultivation and opium manufacture resumed, and the war on drugs became an element of the US presence. Initially, "everyone did their own thing, not thinking how it fit in with the larger effort. 20091: 19900: 19819: 23059: 22964: 23123: 22780: 22990: 22740: 19870: 2680: 1834: 23003: 19809: 1588:, released a report that stated, "The global war on drugs has failed." It recommended a paradigm shift, to a public health focus, with decriminalization for possession and personal use. Obama's ONDCP did not support the report, stating: "Drug addiction is a disease that can be successfully prevented and treated. Making drugs more available ... will make it harder to keep our communities healthy and safe." 1889:

Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Beginning in the 1980s, the US increasingly involved the military and private security firms, to provide training and support to armed forces in drug-producing and transit countries. As of 2024, the DEA has, in addition to 241 domestic offices, 93 foreign offices in 69 countries. In addition to numerous cooperative law enforcement actions worldwide against drug trafficking and

2654:, "Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force“, concluded that "the data... do not provide clear evidence of the deleterious effects of drugs other than alcohol on safety and other job performance indicators.” By 2004, workplace testing was down to 62% of companies, in 2015, it was reported as below 50%. Drug use continues to be blamed for productivity losses, and testing remains common. 22760: 22728: 1725:(MORE Act), which would decriminalize cannabis at the federal level by removing it from the list of scheduled substances, expunge past convictions and arrests, and tax cannabis to "reinvest in communities targeted by the war on drugs". The MORE Act was received in the Senate in December 2020 where it remained. In April 2022, the Act was again passed by the House, and awaits Senate action. 10094:"Emerging from the Second World War as the dominant political, economic and military power, the United States was then in a position to forge a new drug control regime (the 1946 Lake Success Protocol) and apply the necessary pressure to impose it on other countries in the setting of the United Nations. The political climate enabled the globalisation of prohibitionist anti-drug ideals." 2337:(2006–2019), a former coca growers' union leader, promised to legalize the traditional cultivation and use of coca. His legalization efforts, combined with aggressive and targeted eradication efforts, lead to some success, using coca growers' federations to ensure compliance with the law rather than deploying security forces; a 12–13% decline in coca cultivation was noted in 2011. 22750: 2761:

military operations to eradicate coca fields in Colombia, to domestic drug treatment centers, had all been inconclusive, if the programs had been evaluated at all: It concluded, "It is unconscionable for this country to continue to carry out a public policy of this magnitude and cost without any way of knowing whether and to what extent it is having the desired effect."

2916:, president of Peru from 1990 to 2000, described US foreign drug policy as "failed": "For 10 years, there has been a considerable sum invested by the Peruvian government and another sum on the part of the American government, and this has not led to a reduction in the supply of coca leaf offered for sale. Rather, in the 10 years from 1980 to 1990, it grew 10-fold." 1466:" provision that mandated life imprisonment for violent offenders with two prior convictions for violent crimes or drugs, and provided billions of dollars in funding for states to expand their prison systems and increase law enforcement. During this period, state and local governments initiated controversial drug policies that demonstrated racial biases such as the 3117:, the "Declaration of the World Forum Against Drugs" (2008), advocates for "no other goal than a drug-free world", and states that a balanced policy of drug abuse prevention, education, treatment, law enforcement, research, and supply reduction provides the most effective platform to reduce drug abuse and its associated harms and calls on governments to consider 2380:

40.6 million in 2008. In 2009, eradication was halted – a senior US official called it “the least effective program ever” – in favor of an "alternative livelihoods" approach that encouraged farmers to grow other crops. In 2017, eradication once again became the main initiative; the US military launched an aerial campaign involving

2156:. From 2008 to 2021, the US provided $ 3.5 billion in funding. The initial focus was anti-drug and rule-of-law measures, later broadened to include US-Mexico border activities. Components included military and law enforcement training and equipment, and technical advice and training to strengthen the national justice systems. In 2021, it was replaced by the 994: 1119:(CSA), helped align US law with the UN Single Convention, with "many of the provisions of the CSA ... enacted by Congress for the specific purpose of ensuring U.S. compliance with the treaty." The CSA's five drug Schedules, an implementation of the Single Convention four schedule system, categorized drugs based on medical value and potential for abuse, . 2646:

urine analysis for amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, opioids and PCP; usually with no practical discrimination between the effects of the different drugs. Workplace testing rapidly gained popularity after the Reagan administration made it mandatory for federal workers, peaking in 1996, with 81% of companies reporting drug screening, up from 21% in 1987.

919:, federal law reflected state law – by 1936, the non-medical use of cannabis had been banned in every state. That year, the first two arrests for tax non-payment under the Act, for possession of a quarter-ounce (7g), and trafficking of four pounds (1.8 kg), resulted in sentences of nearly 18 months and four years respectively. The 3147:

reduced crime and corruption. A study by analysts at the RAND Corporation, a California research organization, suggested that if marijuana were legalized in California and the drug spilled from there to other states, Mexican drug cartels would lose about a fifth of their annual income of some $ 6.5 billion from illegal exports to the United States."

3016:, from 1920 to 1933, alcohol use initially fell but began to increase as early as 1922. It has been extrapolated that even if prohibition had not been repealed in 1933, alcohol consumption would have surpassed pre-prohibition levels. One argument against the war on drugs is that it uses similar measures as Prohibition and is no more effective. 1682:

mandatory minimum sentences applied, which could trigger mandatory minimums for lower-level charges. With cannabis legalized to some degree in over 30 states, Sessions' directive was seen by both Democrats and Republicans as a rogue throwback action, and there was a bipartisan outcry. Trump fired Sessions in 2018, over other issues.

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proportion." It also noted, "Heroin is not the only drug problem in the United States. 'Speed' pills – among them, amphetamines – are another problem, and not least in the suburbs where they are taken by the housewife (to cure her of the daily 'blues') and by her husband (to keep his weight down)."

2612: 2200:– are major transit and storage points for drugs headed to Mexico and the US that annually appear on the American "majors list". The US has had varying levels of direct anti-drug involvement in each of these countries, particularly since the late 2000s when concern over trafficking activity increased. Beginning in 2008, the 2145:, announced in September 1969, targeted at reducing the amount of cannabis entering the United States from Mexico. The effort began with an intense inspection crackdown that resulted in a near shutdown of cross-border traffic. The burden on border crossings was controversial in border states; the effort lasted only 20 days. 3594:

production, distribution and use would lead to an ever-diminishing market in controlled drugs such as heroin, cocaine and cannabis, and the eventual achievement of a 'drug free world'. In practice, the global scale of illegal drug markets – largely controlled by organized crime – has grown dramatically over this period.

923:(AMA) had opposed the tax act on grounds that it unduly affected the medical use of cannabis. The AMA's legislative counsel, a physician, testified that the claims about cannabis addiction, violence and overdoses were not supported. Scholars have posited that the Act was orchestrated by powerful business interests – 2542:: "As a case in point we may take the known fact of the prevalence of reefer and dope addiction in Negro areas. This is essentially explained in terms of poverty, slum living, and broken families, yet it would be easy to show the lack of drug addiction among other ethnic groups where the same conditions apply." 5273:

successful Anslinger really was in reducing drug sales and use in America, though he achieved several significant legislative victories, including the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act, which fostered collaboration between federal agents and police in different states (each of which had its own specific laws).

6351:"pushers," usually perceived and depicted as people of color, and demanded that elected officials crack down on the drug supply. Legislators in California, Illinois, and New York responded by passing the nation's first mandatory-minimum sentencing laws in an effort to save teenagers from these traffickers. 2047:(FARC-EP), which has been accused of being involved in drug trafficking. The Clinton administration initially waived all but one of the human rights conditions attached to Plan Colombia, considering such aid as crucial to national security at the time. Private US military contractors, including the former 2910:, criticized the efficacy of the war on drugs by pointing out that "10–15% of illicit heroin and 30% of illicit cocaine is intercepted. Drug traffickers have gross profit margins of up to 300%. At least 75% of illicit drug shipments would have to be intercepted before the traffickers' profits were hurt." 1019:

directly from the army on demand. Post-war, amphetamines were promoted as mood elevators and diet pills, to great success; by 1945, an estimated 750 million tablets a year were being produced in the US, enough to provide a million people with a daily supply, a trend that grew during the 1950s and 1960s.

790:(1914–1918), soldiers were commonly treated with morphine, giving rise to addiction among veterans. An international wartime focus on military use of opiates and cocaine, for medical treatment and performance enhancement, and concern over potential abuse, lead to a post-war adoption among nations of the 7485:

Ehrlichman died in 1999, but his five children in questioned the veracity of the account. ... 'The 1994 alleged 'quote' we saw repeated in social media for the first time today does not square with what we know of our father. And collectively, that spans over 185 years of time with him. ... We do not

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The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks

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report, 16.4% of the nation's drug court graduates are rearrested and charged with a felony within one year of completing the program; overall 44.1% of released prisoners end up back in prison within one year. The drug court program is also significantly cheaper than imprisonment. Annual per offender

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for 2019 found that 1.7% of US adults over 25 had used cocaine in the previous 12 months, compared to 1.8% in 2002, and cannabis use went from 7% in 2002 to 15.2%. The DEA's 2021 National Drug Threat Assessment stated that "a steady supply of cocaine was available throughout domestic markets" in 2019

2868:. It concluded that the use of the armed forces to interdict drugs coming into the US would have little or no effect on cocaine traffic and might, in fact, raise the profits of cocaine cartels and manufacturers. It noted that seven prior studies, including one by the Center for Naval Research and the 2519:

One consequence of the war on drugs policy has been the overcrowding of American prisons. The policy's approach to prosecuting drug-related crimes led to a surge in incarcerated individuals for nonviolent drug offenses. As a result, many prisons have become overburdened, often operating at capacities

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reported that of 1.5 million Americans arrested each year for drug offenses, half a million would be incarcerated, and one in five black Americans would spend time behind bars due to drug laws. In 2019, the FBI estimated about 1.5 million drug arrests nationally, 32.1% for cannabis and 31% for "other

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was marginally trying to do livelihoods, and DEA was going after bad guys,” a senior Department of Defense official stated in a later report. In 2004, opium production dramatically increased and eradication became the focus. The DEA operating budget in Afghanistan grew from $ 3.7 million in 2004 to $

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cartels in Mexico, who manufacture the synthetics in Mexican labs supplied with precursor chemicals and machinery from China, sell through "vast distribution networks" in the US, and use Chinese money laundering operations to return the proceeds to Mexico. Milgram states, "As the lead law enforcement

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reversed the previous Justice Department's cannabis policies, rescinding the Cole Memo that deferred federal enforcement in states where cannabis had been legalized He instructed federal prosecutors to “charge and pursue the most serious, readily provable offense” in drug cases, regardless of whether

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program that allowed state and local law enforcement to share the proceeds from asset seizures made in collaboration with federal agencies. Under the controversial program, up to 80% of seizure proceeds can go to local law enforcement, and most of it does, expanding their budgets. By 2019, $ 36.5

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In the early 1950s, responding to "white suburban grassroots movements" concerned about dealers preying on teenagers, liberal politicians at state level cracked down on drugs. California, Illinois, and New York passed the first mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses; Congress followed with the

12456:

It is true that the approach suggested in this paper would limit police power. Constitutional protection of individual rights exists for that very purpose. We face coercive government action, carried out in a corrupt and racist manner, with military and paramilitary assaults on our homes, leading to

7547:

Ehrlichman's claim is likely an oversimplification, according to historians who have studied the period and Nixon's drug policies in particular. There's no doubt Nixon was racist, and ... race could have played one role in Nixon's drug war. ... he personally despised drugs – to the

7517:

hree former Nixon aides say the quote just doesn't sound like Ehrlichman, and if he did say it, he was mistaken. ... 'The comments being attributed to John Ehrlichman in recent news coverage about the Nixon administration's efforts to combat the drug crisis of the 1960's and 70's reflect neither our

6541:

Over time, the punitive nature of the international drug control system also expanded and intensified, with criminal law being used to suppress drug use and drug markets. The third UN drug treaty, the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, criminalized

4544:

From the late 19th century into the 20th, most opiate addicts were middle-aged middle and upper class women but, as would happen ever after, the new drug laws were far more about race than drugs. So as itinerant workers and urban African Americans became another visible group of drug users, the laws

3138:

stated that "decades of punitive, 'war on drugs' strategies had failed to prevent an increasing range and quantity of substances from being produced and consumed", described punitive drug policies as a failure, and called for an approach "based on health and human rights, including through the legal

2698:

poll found found that 67% of Americans feel that a movement towards treatment for drugs like cocaine and heroin is better versus 26% who feel that prosecution is the better route. Moving away from mandatory prison terms for drug crimes was favored by two-thirds of the population, a substantial shift

2388:

fighters striking a network of drug labs that turned out to be mostly empty compounds, while causing significant civilian casualties. Undermining efforts, the flourishing opium black market resulting from prohibitionist policies incentivized widespread, systemic corruption in the Afghan government.

2332:

The US-supported coca eradication policy has been criticized for its negative impact on the livelihood of South American coca growers, in a region where the coca leaf has traditionally been chewed and used in tea and for religious, medicinal and nutritional purposes by locals Making traditional coca

2266:

concluded that members of the State Department "who provided support for the Contras are involved in drug trafficking... and elements of the Contras themselves knowingly receive financial and material assistance from drug traffickers." The involvement included payments to drug traffickers from funds

1795:

stating that cannabis has "a currently accepted medical use” in the US and a “potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in Schedules I and II." On April 30, indicating a DEA decision, the Justice Department announced, "Today, the Attorney General circulated a proposal to reclassify

1293:

ships and planes. It was called the "most ambitious and expensive drug enforcement operation" in US history; critics called it an election year political stunt. By 1986, the task force had made over 15,000 arrests and seized over six million pounds of cannabis and 100,000 pounds of cocaine, doubling

1139:

On May 27, 1971, after a trip to Vietnam, two congressmen, Morgan F. Murphy (Democrat) and Robert H. Steele (Republican), released a report describing a "rapid increase in heroin addiction within the United States military forces in South Vietnam". They estimated that "as many as 10 to 15 percent of

888:

During his three decades heading the FBN, Anslinger zealously and effectively pursued harsh drug penalties, with a particular focus on cannabis. He used his stature as the head of a federal agency to draft legislation, discredit critics, discount medical opinion and scientific findings, and convince

10207:

When, 50 years ago, President Richard M. Nixon declared drug abuse 'America's public enemy number one' and called for 'an all-out offensive' to defeat it, he mobilized an army of disparate bureaucracies that quickly became ensnared in an inadequate and ineffective metaphor (defeat the 'enemy'). ...

7220:

The War on drugs is a prohibition-based policy that combats the production, the trade and consumption of illegal drugs. ... The expression first strictly referred to the United States antidrug policy that began in the 1970s ... But the expression "War on drugs" has also been used in other countries

3058:

A common critical view holds that the war on drugs has been costly and ineffective largely because US federal and state governments have chosen the wrong methods, focusing on interdiction and punishment rather than regulation and treatment of drug abuse and addiction. The US leads the world in both

3045:

Alternatives to the predominantly punitive, law enforcement approach to the war on drugs in the US fall under two broad categories: a public health orientation built around education, prevention and treatment, and decriminalization or legalization with regulation similar to the handling of alcohol.

2560:

Other studies indicated similarly dramatic racial differences in enforcement and sentencing. Statistics from 1998 show that there were wide racial disparities in arrests, prosecutions, sentencing and deaths. African-American drug users made up for 35% of drug arrests, 55% of convictions, and 74% of

1394:

budget for interdiction increased from $ 4.9 million in 1982 to $ 397 million by 1987. The DEA also expanded its foreign presence. Countries were encouraged to adopt the same type of punitive drug approach that was in place in the US, with the threat of economic sanctions for non-compliance. The UN

1367:

The Anti-Drug Abuse Act appropriated an additional $ 1.7 billion to drug war funding, and established 29 new mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses (until then, the American legal system had seen 55 minimum sentences in total). Of particular note, the Act made sentences for larger amounts of

1187:

accepted by Congress, to “establish a single unified command to combat an all-out global war on the drug menace.” It was charged with enforcing US controlled substances laws and regulations, nationally and internationally, coordinating with federal, state and local agencies and foreign governments,

1148:

On June 17, 1971, Nixon presented to Congress a plan for expanded anti-drug abuse measures. He painted a dire picture: "Present efforts to control drug abuse are not sufficient in themselves. The problem has assumed the dimensions of a national emergency. ... If we cannot destroy the drug menace in

1107:

platform. In his 1968 presidential nomination acceptance speech, Nixon promised, "Our new Attorney General will ... launch a war against organized crime in this country. ... will be an active belligerent against the loan sharks and the numbers racketeers that rob the urban poor. ... will open a new

1078:

that blanketed the country at the time. He focused on illegal drug use, an approach that was in line with expert opinion on the subject at the time. In the 1960s, it was believed that at least half of the crime in the US was drug-related, and this estimate grew as high as 90% in the next decade. He

1022:

Having failed to preserve world peace, the League of Nations ended post-war, transferring responsibilities to its successor, the United Nations. Anslinger, supported by Sharman, successfully campaigned to ensure that law enforcement and the prohibitionist view remained central to international drug

6350:

The modern drug war began in the 1950s, with liberals – not conservatives – leading the charge. In California, the epicenter of the early war on narcotics, white suburban grassroots movements prodded liberal politicians like Governor Pat Brown into action. They blamed

3196:

Regarding economic arguments for legalization that make a comparison with alcohol, a 2013 study noted that the $ 14.6 billion in annual alcohol tax collected at the US federal and state levels represented less than 10% of the estimated $ 185 billion of alcohol-related health care, criminal justice

2564:

Reporting on the effects of state initiatives, the Department of Justice found that, from 1990 through 2000, "the increasing number of drug offenses accounted for 27% of the total growth among black inmates, 7% of the total growth among Hispanic inmates, and 15% of the growth among white inmates."

2163:

In 2013, a Pew Research Center poll found that 85% of Mexican citizens supported using the Mexican army against drug cartels, 74% supported US training assistance for their police and military, 55% supported the US supplying of weapons and financial aid, and 59% were against deploying US troops on

2070:

The efforts of the US and Colombian governments have been criticized for focusing on fighting leftist guerrillas in southern regions without applying enough pressure on right-wing paramilitaries and continuing drug smuggling operations in the north of the country. Human Rights Watch, congressional

1858:, is propaganda cloaking an extension of earlier military or paramilitary operations. Others have argued that large amounts anti-drug foreign aid money, training, and equipment actually goes to fighting leftist insurgencies and is often provided to groups who themselves are involved in large-scale 1652:

stated that the UN's international drug treaties do not mandate a "war on drugs" and that the choice is not between "'militarized' drug law enforcement on one hand and the legalization of non-medical use of drugs on the other", health and welfare should be the focus of drug policy. That April, the

1152:

Later the same day, Nixon held a news conference at the White House, where he described drug abuse as "America's public enemy number one." He announced, "In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive. … This will be a worldwide offensive dealing with the

738:

enacted an anti-opium ordinance, vigorously enforced, imposing stiff fines and jail for visiting opium dens. The rationale held that "many women and young girls, as well as young men of a respectable family, were being induced to visit the Chinese opium-smoking dens, where they were ruined morally

3146:

columnist Eduardo Porter noted: "Jeffrey Miron, an economist at Harvard who studies drug policy closely, has suggested that legalizing all illicit drugs would produce net benefits to the United States of some $ 65 billion a year, mostly by cutting public spending on enforcement as well as through

3109:

commissioned a major cocaine policy study by the RAND Drug Policy Research Center. The report recommended that $ 3 billion be switched from federal and local law enforcement to treatment, concluding that treatment is the cheapest way to cut drug use, and twenty-three times more effective than the

2703:

polls on whether cannabis should be legal, 15% of Americans agreed in March 1972, rising to 28% in April 1977, where it roughly stayed until 2000, when it began rising again, to 68% in October 2021. In May 2021, a Bully Pulpit Interactive/ACLU poll found that 83% of Americans, across party lines,

2645:

has been widespread and controversial in the US since the late 1980s: there is no clear measure of its effectiveness in improving safety and productivity, and testing affects significantly more non-whites than whites. Testing is more prevalent in the US than elsewhere in the world. Most common is

2393:

called the counternarcotics operation to date "a total failure". As the US military presence neared an end in 2020, Afghanistan was producing an estimated 85% of the world's opium. Having spent some $ 9 billion in the 20-year anti-drug campaign, US forces left Afghanistan in 2021, and the Taliban

1644:

A 2013 ACLU report declared the anti-marijuana crusade a "war on people of color". The report found that "African Americans 3.73 times more likely than whites to be apprehended despite nearly identical usage rates, and marijuana violations accounting for more than half of drug arrests nationwide

1018:

entered military use to combat fatigue and improve morale. In the US, the Benzedrine brand quickly became popular for a variety of medical and recreational applications. During the war, it was widely used in the military and by the public; beginning in 1943, American soldiers could buy Benzedrine

880:

appointed as commissioner, a position he held for 32 years, until 1962. Anslinger supported Prohibition and the criminalization of all drugs, and spearheaded anti-drug policy campaigns. He did not support a public health and treatment approach, instead urging courts to "jail offenders, then throw

549:

stated that "decades of punitive, 'war on drugs' strategies had failed to prevent an increasing range and quantity of substances from being produced and consumed." That year, the annual US federal drug war budget reached $ 39 billion, with cumulative spending since 1971 estimated at $ 1 trillion.

12562:

Since Richard Nixon declared the war on drugs in 1971, it seems as though people rather than products have been most directly affected. But lack of data makes it hard to understand the impact: like most illicit activities, drug production, trade and use is hard to measure accurately. And without

8255:

Cocaine hydrochloride is readily converted to base prior to use. The physiological and psychoactive effects of cocaine are similar regardless of whether it is in the form of cocaine hydrochloride or crack cocaine (cocaine base). However, evidence exists showing a greater abuse liability, greater

5272:

Between 1930 and 1962, Anslinger established the standards that continue to serve as basic tools of the trade for America's drug enforcement, such as dramatic drug busts, harsh penalties and questionable data. There remains serious disagreement in scholarly as well as political circles about how

4913:

was the product of this expanded geographical concern. The decision at the Hague that opium, morphine, and cocaine and their use should be confined to "legitimate medical purposes" was central to future international drug control. ... The German Government ... insisted that all 34 participating

2934:

45.3% of all criminal charges were drug related and 25.5% of sentences for all charges last 5–10 years. Furthermore, non-whites make up 41.4% of the federal prison system's population and over half are under the age of 40. The Bureau of Justice Statistics states that over 80% of all drug related

2760:

report, "Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs" (2001), found that "existing drug-use monitoring systems are strikingly inadequate to support the full range of policy decisions that the nation must make." The report noted that studies of efforts to address drug usage and smuggling, from US

1888:

Foreign anti-drug initiatives initially focused on Latin America, and expanded globally over time. During the 1970s, the US treated drugs as a policing issue in foreign countries. Billions of dollars were given to support anti-drug activity by police forces in Latin American countries, including

1615:

In May 2012, the ONDCP published "Principles of Modern Drug Policy", broadly focusing on public health, human rights, and criminal justice reform, while targeting drug traffickers. According to ONDCP director Kerlikowske, drug legalization is not the "silver bullet" solution to drug control, and

962:

and released in 1944, systematically contradicted government claims, finding that cannabis is not physically addictive, not a gateway drug, and its use does not lead to crime. The FBN's Anslinger branded the study "unscientific", denounced all involved and disrupted other cannabis studies at the

2947:

annual survey reported about 85% of high school seniors found marijuana "easy to obtain", virtually unchanged since 1975, never dropping below 82.7% in three decades of national surveys. The DEA stated that the number of users of cannabis in the US declined between 2000 and 2005, even with many

6898:

Since there is still a considerable void in our knowledge of the plant and effects of the active drug contained in it, our recommendation is that marihuana be retained within schedule I at least until the completion of certain studies now underway to resolve the issue. If those studies make it

1788:, head of the DEA since 2021, stated to Congress that two Mexican drug cartels posed "the greatest criminal threat the United States has ever faced." Supporting a DEA budget request of $ 3.7 billion for 2024, Milgram cited fentanyl in the "most devastating drug crisis in our nation's history." 1669:

assessed the attendees' positions as "somewhat" in two camps: "Some European and South American countries as well as the U.S. favored softer approaches. Eastern countries such as China and Russia and most Muslim nations like Iran, Indonesia and Pakistan remained staunchly opposed." The outcome

3593:

The global war on drugs has failed. When the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs came into being 50 years ago, and when President Nixon launched the US government's war on drugs 40 years ago, policymakers believed that harsh law enforcement action against those involved in drug

3030:

published a comprehensive snapshot of the US government's implementation of the war on drugs, spanning 44 federal agencies and hundreds of thousands of government workers, and without unified management, oversight, or cohesive strategy. Among the agencies there were over a dozen separate drug

2978:

stated in April 2011 that there had been a 46% drop in cocaine use among young adults over the previous five years, and a 65% drop in the rate of people testing positive for cocaine in the workplace since 2006. At the same time, a 2007 study found that up to 35% of college undergraduates used

2235:

to assist security forces in counternarcotic operations. Honduras has been a major stop for drug traffickers, who use small planes and landing strips hidden throughout the country to transport drugs. The DEA, working with other US agencies such as the State Department, the CBP, and Joint Task

1917:

on the impact of 50 years of the war on drugs on Latin America. He described the flow of drugs to the US as an "unstoppable industry" that triggered an economic revolution throughout the region, where the illegal drug trade with its high profit margins far exceeded the potential of legitimate

1553:

In the year 2000, the US drug-control budget reached $ 18.4 billion, nearly half of which was spent financing law enforcement while only one-sixth was spent on treatment. In the year 2003, 53% of the requested drug control budget was for enforcement, 29% for treatment, and 18% for prevention.

1144:

article, "It's Always A Dead End On 'Scag Alley'", cited the Murphy-Steele report in a discussion of heroin addiction. The article stated that, in the US, "the number of addicts is estimated at 200,000 to 250,000, only about one‐tenth of 1 per cent of the population but troublesome out of all

1058:

that together form the legal framework for international drug control, and required that domestic drug laws in member countries comply with the conventions. The Single Convention unified existing international drug agreements, and limited possession and use of opiates, cannabis and cocaine to

698:

The 1880s saw opiate addiction surge among among housewives, doctors, and Civil War veterans, creating America's "first opioid crisis." By the end of the century, an estimated one in 200 Americans were addicted to opiates, 60% of them women, typically white and middle- to upper-class. Medical

13489:

The War on Drugs is a vast enterprise. Virtually every agency of the U.S. government has a piece of it, from the Pentagon and the Coast Guard to the National Park Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Yet unlike a real war, the crusade against drugs has no central command, no coordinated

1632:

and the US, promoting a combination of "enforcement to restrict the supply of drugs, with efforts to reduce demand and build recovery." Meanwhile, at the state level, 2012 saw Colorado and Washington become the first two states to legalize the recreational use of cannabis with the passage of

906:

developed the Act to address the 1914 Harrison Act's lack of state-level enforcement provisions, creating a model law reflecting the Harrison Act that states could adopt to replace the existing patchwork of state laws. Anslinger and the FBN were centrally involved in drafting the Act, and in

6466:

As detailed herein, beginning in 1951, Congress changed how it used mandatory minimum penalties in three significant ways. First, Congress enacted more mandatory minimum penalties. Second, Congress expanded its use of mandatory minimum penalties to offenses not traditionally covered by such

3059:

recreational drug usage and incarceration rates; 70% of men arrested in metropolitan areas test positive for an illicit substance, and 54% of all men incarcerated will be repeat offenders. Making drugs illegal rather than regulating them also creates a highly profitable black market.

1825:

agency in the Administration’s whole-of-government response to defeat the Cartels and combat the drug poisoning epidemic in our communities, DEA will continue to collaborate on strategic counterdrug initiatives with our law enforcement partners across the United States and the world."

1732:

at a varying pace. Initially, in the 1930s, the states were ahead of the federal government in prohibiting cannabis; in recent decades, the trend has reversed. Beginning with cannabis for medical use in California in 1996, states began to legalize cannabis. As of 2023, 38 states, four

1749:, 24 of the states, three territories, and DC, had legalized it, and seven states decriminalized. Decriminalization in this context usually refers to first-time offenses and small quantities, such as, in the case of cannabis, under an ounce (28g). In November 2020, Oregon became the 1244:(1981-1989) saw an increase in federal focus on interdiction and prosecution. Shortly after his inauguration, Reagan announced, "We're taking down the surrender flag that has flown over so many drug efforts; we're running up a battle flag." From 1980 to 1984, the annual budget of the 966:

In the late 1930s, questions emerged from League of Nations' Opium Advisory Committee concerning the focus on drug prohibition over public health measures such as mental health treatment, drug dispensaries and education. Anslinger, backed by his Canadian counterpart and policy ally,

798:. This became the basis of current international drug control policy, initially concerned with regulating the free trade of drugs, without affecting production or use. The US, one of the most prohibitionist countries, felt these provisions did not go far enough in restricting drugs. 2218:

air base was the US military's most prominent South American presence, originating some 100 drug surveillance flights monthly. In 2009, citing unwanted internal influence by the CIA, Ecuador declined to renew the base's lease, ending official US military presence. Drug activity and

2436:

due to various factors. Anti-drug and tough-on-crime policies from the 1970s through the 1990s created a situation where the US, with less than 5% of the world population, houses nearly 25% of the world's prisoners. Increased demand lead to the development of privatization and the

2410:

wrote in 1997, "Over the past thirty years, we have replaced the medical-political persecution of illegal sex users ('perverts' and 'psychopaths') with the even more ferocious medical-political persecution of illegal drug users." Assessing from a health perspective, a study in the

2090:

as a controversial element of Plan Colombia. Environmental consequences resulting from spraying have been criticized as detrimental to some of the world's most fragile ecosystems; the same spraying practices are further credited with causing health problems in local populations.

1796:

marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III. Once published by the Federal Register, it will initiate a formal rulemaking process as prescribed by Congress in the Controlled Substances Act.” Schedule III drugs, considered to have moderate to low potential for dependence, include

885:, Anslinger was "utterly devoted to prohibition and the control of drug supplies at the source" and is "widely recognized as having had one of the more powerful impacts on the development of US drug policy, and, by extension, international drug control into the early 1970s." 7366:

with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did.

1670:

document recommended treatment, prevention and other public health measures, and committed to "intensifying our efforts to prevent and counter" drug production and trafficking, through, "inter alia, more effective drug-related crime prevention and law enforcement measures."

3062:

In 2015 The U.S. government spent over to $ 25 billion on supply reduction, while allocating only $ 11 billion for demand reduction. Supply reduction includes: interdiction, eradication, and law enforcement; demand reduction includes: education, prevention, and treatment.

5491:

For repeal, see section 1101(b)(3), Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, Pub. L. No. 91-513, 84 Stat. 1236, 1292 (Oct. 27, 1970) (repealing the Marihuana Tax Act which had been codified in Subchapter A of Chapter 39 of the Internal Revenue Code of

520:

on "Drug Abuse Prevention and Control", which included text about devoting more federal resources to the "prevention of new addicts, and the rehabilitation of those who are addicted", but that aspect did not receive the same media attention as the term "war on drugs".

2267:

authorized by the Congress for humanitarian assistance to the Contras, in some cases after the traffickers had been indicted by federal law enforcement agencies on drug charges, in others while traffickers were under active investigation by these same agencies."

2157: 6542:

the entire drug market chain, from cultivation/production to shipment, sale, and possession (although this last obligation is subject to significant caveats, giving states leeway to refrain from criminalizing possession of scheduled substances for personal use).

2787:

and head of the Global Commission on Drug Policy: “The total elimination of drugs? Dream on, there's never been a time in human history where human beings haven't resorted to some kind of substances that will take them out of their current reality for whatever

1322:

in the early 1980s, the Reagan administration shored up negative public opinion, encouraging the DEA to emphasize the harmful effects of the drug. Stories of "crack whores" and "crack babies" became commonplace. In the summer of 1986, crack dominated the news.

3102:(SAMHSA) found that substance abusers who remain in treatment longer are less likely to resume their former drug habits. Of the people studied, 66% were cocaine users. After experiencing long-term in-patient treatment, only 22% returned to the use of cocaine. 4914:

powers had to ratify the Hague Convention before it could come into force. The convention thus had an "all or nothing" aspect that had not been initially intended. ... The war changed the situation. ... Article 295 of the peace settlement enacted through the

533:

as having a high potential for abuse and no medical value, with the same level of prohibition as heroin. Multiple mainstream studies and findings since the 1930s have recommended against such a severe classification. Beginning in the 1990s, cannabis has been

3375:, the US is required to "criminalize possession for personal consumption"; only use for medical and scientific purposes is permitted (the treaty wording also provides significant latitude in interpreting personal use criminalization by individual countries). 852: 1395:

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provided a legal framework, and in 1988, the Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances expanded that framework, working the US-style punitive approach into international law.

2223:

have dramatically intensified since 2018. In 2023, the US-Ecuador Defense Bilateral Working Group was formed to address the Ecuadorian situation, and a memorandum of agreement to help strengthen the Ecuadorian military was signed. A drug-related

1274:. Later research found that the campaign had little or no impact on youth drug use. One striking change attributed to the effort: public perception of drug abuse as America's most serious problem, in the 2-6% range in 1985, rose to 64% in 1989. 2576:

wrote, "The War on Drugs foreseeably and unnecessarily blighted the lives of hundreds and thousands of young disadvantaged black Americans and undermined decades of effort to improve the life chances of members of the urban black underclass."

1122:

Under the new drug schedules, cannabis was provisionally placed by the administration in the most restrictive Schedule I, "until the completion of certain studies now underway to resolve the issue." As required by the CSA, Nixon appointed the

15703: 2106:

concluded in 2010 that both Plan Colombia and the Colombian government's security strategy "came at a high cost in lives and resources, only did part of the job, are yielding diminishing returns and have left important institutions weaker."

1168:

headlined, "Nixon declares war on drug addicts." The US anti-drug campaign came to be commonly referred to as the war on drugs; the term also became used to refer to any government's prosecution of a US-style prohibition-based drug policy.

1064: 3089:

As an alternative to imprisonment, drug courts in the US identify substance-abusing offenders and place them under strict court monitoring and community supervision, as well as provide them with long-term treatment services. According to a

619:, the authority to control dangerous drugs exists separately at both the federal and state level. State and local governments began enacting drug laws in the mid-1800s, while federal drug legislation arrived after the turn of the century. 3121:

as one of their first priorities. It supports the UN drug conventions, the inclusion of cannabis as one of the "hard drugs", and the use of criminal sanctions "when appropriate" to deter drug use. It opposes legalization in any form, and

766:

On February 9, 1909, the Smoking Opium Exclusion Act, "to prohibit the importation and use of opium for other than medicinal purposes", became the first federal law to ban the non-medical use of a substance. This was soon followed by the

8775:

Lassiter, Matthew. "'Tough and Smart' The Resilience of the War on Drugs During the Obama Administration." The Presidency of Barack Obama: A First Historical Assessment, edited by Julian E. Zelizer, Princeton University Press, 2018, pp.

7975:"Forfeiture Law Casts a Shadow on Presumption of Innocence : Legal system: Government uses the statute to seize money and property believed to be linked to narcotics trafficking. But critics say it short-circuits the Constitution" 32638: 12563:

knowing baseline values, it's hard to understand the effect of any given policy – let alone comparing the impact of various policies. However, where long-term data is available, it does point to systematic failures in drug policies.

28351: 28344: 8964: 813:, also known as the Volstead Act, to carry out the provisions of the 18th Amendment. By the 1930s, the policy was seen as a failure: production and consumption of alcohol did not decrease, organized crime flourished in the alcohol 9743: 2417:

noted: "The U.S. war on drugs has subjected millions to criminalisation, incarceration, and lifelong criminal records, disrupting or altogether eliminating their access to adequate resources and supports to live healthy lives."

29086: 1921:

At a meeting in Guatemala in 2012, three former presidents from Guatemala, Mexico and Colombia said that the war on drugs had failed and that they would propose a discussion on alternatives, including decriminalization, at the

30471: 1694:

which, among other federal prison reforms, made the 2010 Fair Sentencing Act retroactive. A US Supreme Court decision in 2021 determined that retroactivity applied to cases where mandatory minimum penalties had been imposed.

7990:....Prosecutors and law enforcement officials insist the program, included in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, is helping them fight the drug war. ... seizures hurt dealers where it counts--in the pocketbook.... 2774:

stated, "The war on drugs is a failure. We know this. We've long known it. In fact, there is such an abundance of evidence for its failure that we have more certainty here than in most areas of policy. ... According to the

31921: 986:, were unsafe to use without medical supervision and could only be obtained by doctor's prescription. This marked the beginning of the federal distinction between over-the-counter and prescription drugs (clarified in the 29942: 29079: 1108:

front against the filth peddlers and the narcotics peddlers who are corrupting the lives of the children of this country." In a 1969 special message to Congress, he identified drug abuse as "a serious national threat".

1359:

in criminalizing drug users, especially African American drug users, by concentrating and stiffening penalties for the possession of the crystalline rock form of cocaine, known as 'crack', rather than the crystallized

524:

In the years since, presidential administrations and Congress have generally maintained or expanded Nixon's original initiatives, with the emphasis on law enforcement and interdiction over public health and treatment.

31928: 29475: 9522: 2649:

In the 1980s, testing had been promoted to business as a way to reclaim what were said to be huge losses in productivity caused by drug use. Studies released in the 1990s refuted these claims; a 1994 report from the

2333:

cultivation illegal is viewed as unjust. In areas where forced eradication also destroyed other food or market crops, without providing an alternative, farmers were left starving and destitute. In Bolivia, president

30478: 24595: 3497: 2051:, the largest private company involved, were contracted by the State Department and Defense Department, to carry out anti-drug initiatives as part of Plan Colombia. Colombian military personnel received extensive 1446:

in 1996 – authorizing the Department of Defense to transfer surplus military equipment that the DoD determined to be "suitable for use in counter-drug activities", to local law enforcement agencies.

1645:

during the previous decade". Under Obama's policies, nonwhite drug offenders received less excessive criminal sanctions, but by examining criminals as strictly violent or nonviolent, mass incarceration persisted.

13991:

Blanchard, Michael; Chin, Gabriel J. (1998). "Identifying the Enemy in the War on Drugs: A Critique of the Developing Rule Permitting Visual Identification of Indescript White Powders in Narcotics Prosecutions".

27859: 8110:

Hinton, Elizabeth. "From the War on Crime to the War on Drugs". From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: the Making of Mass Incarceration in America, by Elizabeth Hinton, Harvard University Press, 2017, pp.

3372: 2553:. The bill had been widely criticized as discriminatory against minorities, mostly blacks, who were more likely to use crack than powder cocaine. In 1994, studying the effects of the 100:1 sentencing ratio, the 1577:, stating that it would defer to state laws that authorize the production, distribution and possession of cannabis, "based on assurances that those states will impose an appropriately strict regulatory system." 13549:. (Proceedings of the March 17 & 18, 2000 joint conference of the New York Academy of Sciences, New York Academy of Medicine, and Association of the Bar of the City of New York. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 3–262.) 9744:"Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Todd D. Robinson On the Secretary's Participation in a Virtual Ministerial to Launch the Global Coalition to Address Synthetic Drug Threats" 25524: 11433: 4219:

For $ 1.50, Americans around the turn of the century could place an order through a Sears, Roebuck catalog and receive a syringe, two needles, and two vials of Bayer Heroin, all in a handsome carrying case.

1815:

In the DEA's "National Drug Threat Assessment 2024", director Milgram outlined the "most dangerous and deadly crisis", involving synthetic drugs including fentanyl and methamphetamine. She singled out the

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Harry J. Anslinger, an implacable, hard-hitting foe of drug pushers and users during the 32 years he was the Treasury Department's Commissioner of Narcotics, died Friday in Hollidaysburg, Pa. His age was

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Various sources discussed this claim. Despite media reports at the time touting hemp as the new wonder fiber, harvesting and processing technology weren't sufficiently developed to compete commercially.

1561:(2009-2017) implemented a "tough but smart" approach to the war on drugs. While he claimed that his method differed from those of previous presidents, in reality, his practices were similar. In May 2009, 32628: 2164:

Mexican soil. Anti-drug efforts were seen as making progress by 37%, losing ground by 29%, and staying the same by 30%; 56% believed that the US and Mexico are both to blame for drug violence in Mexico.

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subscribe to the alleged racist point of view that this writer now implies 22 years following the so-called interview of John and 16 years following our father's death, when dad can no longer respond.'

3009:(CDC), drug abuse fatalities in 2021 reached an all-time high of 108,000 deaths, a 15% increase from 2020 (93,000) which, at the time, was the highest number of deaths and a 30% increase from 2019, . 2402:

The social consequences of the drug war have been widely criticized by such organizations as the ACLU as being racially biased against minorities and disproportionately responsible for the exploding

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into law, reducing the 100:1 sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine to 18:1 for pending and future cases. In 2013, Obama's Justice Department issued a policy memorandum known as the

31872: 11914: 4732: 3789: 2075:, which the US government has listed as a terrorist group, and that Colombian military personnel have committed human rights abuses which would make them ineligible for US aid under current laws. 28677: 10388: 2876: 715:, presented better treatment options, prescribed opiate use began to decline. Meanwhile, smoking opium remained popular among Chinese immigrant laborers, thousands of whom had arrived during the 26230: 23166: 7889: 32633: 30116: 29341: 28531: 27988: 25395: 16957: 10999: 24315: 13364: 32709: 27845: 10701: 3615: 3078:(LEAD) programs which give police treatment or social services options rather than arrest with minor drug offenses. Harm reduction approaches include provision of sterile syringes, medically 12899: 9917: 2441:. As of 2015, the US prison population rate was 716 per 100,000 people, the highest in the world, six times higher than Canada and six to nine times higher than Western European countries. 1934:

on discussing decriminalization". At the summit, the government of Colombia pushed for far-reaching changes to drugs policy, citing the catastrophic effects of the war on drugs in Colombia.

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did not plan to significantly alter drug enforcement policy, but that it would not use the term "war on drugs", considering it to be "counter-productive". In August 2010, Obama signed the

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and overseeing legally-produced controlled substances. The DEA absorbed the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, ODALE, and other drug-related federal agencies or personnel from them.

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address to the nation, Bush held up a plastic bag of crack "seized a few days ago in a park across the street from the White House" (turned out that DEA agents had to lure the seller to

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appropriate for the Attorney General to change the placement of marihuana to a different schedule, he may do so in accordance with the authority provided under section 201 of the bill.

32556: 31863: 30059: 28969: 27432: 583:(1775-1783), particularly in the treatment of soldiers during wartime. In the 1800s, opium on the world stage was large-scale and lucrative: Britain, and to a lesser degree the other 9650: 32721: 32655: 31590: 31455: 30383: 28256: 26426: 13638: 11608: 9000: 6448: 32733: 31634: 31219: 30508: 30375: 28248: 27683: 22210: 13824: 3921: 1973: 25211: 6979: 2479:, a number of states require a six-months driver's license suspension for anyone convicted of a drug offense. Other examples of collateral consequences for drug offenses, or for 31516: 31439: 29753: 29072: 9492: 4605:"Licit and Illicit Drugs: The Consumers' Union Report on Narcotics, Stimulants, Depressants, Inhalants, Hallucinogens, and Marijuana – Including Caffeine, Nicotine, and Alcohol" 3314: 3276: 23345: 30006: 29670: 26618: 18042: 2018: 26388: 25075: 2475:

on those convicted of drug offenses, separate from fines and prison time, that are not applicable to other types of crime. In order to comply with a federal law known as the

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The news media focused on Nixon's militaristic tone, describing his announcement with variations of the phrase "war on drugs". The day after Nixon's press conference, the

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Racial disparities have been a prominent and contentious aspect of the war on drugs in the US. In 1957, a belief at the time about drug use was summarized by journalist

2406:. Critics have compared the wholesale incarceration of the dissenting minority of drug users to the wholesale incarceration of other minorities in history. Psychiatrist 1112: 2718:

The legality of drug prohibition within the US has been challenged on various grounds. One argument holds that drug prohibition, as presently implemented, violates the

1059:“medicinal and scientific purposes", prohibiting recreational use. Sixty-four countries initially signed on; it was ratified and came into force in the US in 1967. The 545:

released a critical report, declaring: "The global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world." In 2023, the

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mass incarceration and innocent deaths. We can never forget the tyranny of a government unrestrained by an independent judiciary. Our courts must end the War on Drugs.

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were fought mid-century by Britain against China to ensure the trade continued to serve millions of Chinese opium addicts. At the same time in America, the use of

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Passage of the legislation signaled a new era in federal cannabis policy: It's the first standalone marijuana-related bill approved by both chambers of Congress.

8273: 5936: 13790: 8083: 5571: 1504:, the DEA began highlighting the tie between drug trafficking and international terrorism, gaining the agency expanded funding to increase its global presence. 31900: 31893: 31886: 31613: 31041: 30852: 30740: 30733: 30726: 30719: 30712: 30705: 30698: 30610: 30013: 29956: 29640: 29290: 28704: 27741: 27568: 27068: 25923: 23956: 22522: 22062: 19208: 17936: 17704: 17538: 17194: 15291: 11080: 7413: 2727: 1791:

In January 2024, the DEA confirmed that it was reviewing the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I narcotic. Days later, documents were released from the

1722: 1128: 802: 30341: 13791:"134 NGOs sign collective statement urging the international community to act on UN human rights chief's ground-breaking call for systemic drug policy reform" 11846:

As a result of the 1986 Act ... penalties for a first-time cocaine trafficking offense: 5 grams or more of crack cocaine = five-year mandatory minimum penalty

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success is not measured by the number of arrests made or prisons built. That month, a joint statement, "For a humane and balanced drug policy", was signed by

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Austin J, McVey AD. The 1989 NCCD prison population forecast: the impact of the war on drugs. San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1989.

9678: 3319: 1792: 60: 23338: 12055: 3815: 1893:, the DEA and other agencies, and the US military, have been involved in multi-year foreign drug campaigns, including in Colombia, Mexico and Afghanistan. 1347:, both in June, received wide coverage. Riding the wave of public fervor, that October Reagan signed into law much harsher sentencing for crack through the 32917: 31425: 31337: 30944: 30143: 29764: 29468: 29417: 29406: 28015: 27669: 27474: 25591: 24609: 24540: 24395: 22799: 22783: 22318: 22142: 19837: 19281: 17560: 13430: 2694:

In the 21st century, according to polling, a majority of Americans have been skeptical about the methods and effectiveness of the war on drugs. In 2014, a

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in cities and towns across America. The public face of opiate use began to change, from affluent white Americans, to “Chinese, gamblers, and prostitutes.”

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of 1882. In the following years, opioids, cocaine, and cannabis were associated with various ethnic minorities and targeted in other local jurisdictions.

670:, a powdered opium solution, was commonly found in the home medicine cabinet. Heroin was available as a cough syrup. Cocaine was introduced as a surgical 33292: 32539: 32228: 31944: 31293: 31272: 29056: 27388: 27381: 27374: 26976: 26793: 26747: 26367: 25184: 24342: 24029: 23928: 23677: 22261: 19369: 19203: 17597: 16681: 9951: 9282: 1067:

addressed international drug trafficking and "criminalized the entire drug market chain, from cultivation/production to shipment, sale, and possession."

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is located between the world's two largest cocaine-producing countries, Colombia and Peru, and has long been a major drug transit point. From 1999, the

32185: 32069: 30992: 30760: 30656: 29165: 28849: 28494: 27147: 26860: 26491: 25943: 25586: 25400: 25278: 23801: 23584: 23356: 22057: 19932: 18137: 17995: 16459: 10991: 5295: 4276: 4243: 2376: 2204:(CARSI) has provided the seven countries with equipment, training, and technical support for law enforcement efforts, and the US has advised taking an 1882: 19520: 14162: 13386: 5069: 4114: 1516:

The US incarceration rate peaked in 2008. The US rate was the highest in the world in 2008. Chart is for prisoners per 100,000 population of all ages.

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US international involvement rests on the belief that assisting foreign governments in stopping drugs results in less drugs and drug use in the US.

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declared drug abuse "public enemy number one". He stated, "In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive.

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memory of John nor the administration's approach to that problem,' wrote Jeffrey Donfeld, Jerome H. Jaffe and Robert DuPont in a joint statement ...

7118: 3607: 1200:, Nixon's domestic policy advisor, claimed that the war on drugs was fabricated to undermine the anti-war movement and African-Americans. In a 2016 33307: 33202: 32249: 31657: 30838: 30822: 30677: 30663: 30281: 29559: 29179: 29172: 29116: 28805: 28798: 28791: 28784: 28777: 28770: 28763: 28184: 27838: 27184: 27126: 27119: 26337: 25574: 25092: 24657: 24496: 23329: 23259: 22483: 22147: 21842: 18191: 18164: 17481: 15718: 13667: 12889: 9906: 7565: 4800: 4697: 3346: 2511:, a total of over 460 benefits at risk at the federal level alone. The US provides for the deportation of non-citizens convicted of drug offenses. 9027: 33060: 32194: 31958: 31879: 31692: 31300: 30691: 30684: 30318: 29327: 29137: 28821: 28588: 28198: 27242: 26960: 25544: 25097: 24680: 24432: 24073: 23935: 22888: 22517: 20081: 19893: 19556: 18539: 18499: 16835: 15713: 12544: 12441: 12029: 7725: 6025: 5415: 1959: 1278: 5123: 2779:

there was a 31 per cent global increase in drug taking between 2011 and 2016. ... It is impossible to suppress the demand for drugs." He quoted

33277: 32498: 32493: 32488: 32483: 32478: 32473: 32468: 31085: 30776: 30649: 30348: 30251: 30244: 30237: 30230: 30223: 30216: 30209: 29891: 29861: 29510: 29151: 29123: 28561: 28112: 28105: 28098: 28091: 28084: 28077: 28070: 27577: 27483: 26530: 25065: 25060: 25055: 24792: 24446: 24188: 23757: 22611: 18347: 17265: 16752: 16706: 16686: 16464: 15271: 13287: 11704:"A War on Drugs or a War on Immigrants? Expanding the Definition of 'Drug Trafficking' in Determining Aggravated Felon Status for Non-Citizens" 10731: 2504: 574: 28921: 13228: 11997: 10958: 10640: 7444: 6810: 3393:

News media, scholarly studies, government officials and leaders, and a variety of NGOs have determined the war on drugs to be a policy failure

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precursors to disrupt the market of this drug. According to a 2009 study, this effort was successful, but its effects were largely temporary.

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By the end of Reagan's presidency in 1989, illicit drugs were more readily available and cheaper than at the start of his first term in 1981.

32443: 32120: 32097: 31725: 31627: 31567: 31360: 31170: 30195: 29552: 29283: 29216: 29095: 28175: 27808: 27319: 26720: 26713: 26634: 24216: 24008: 23815: 22185: 19156: 18561: 17797: 17004: 16284: 14188: 13117: 10443: 9762: 9706: 8926: 2263: 1459: 1426:, Reagan protégé and former VP George H. W. Bush (1989-1993) maintained the hard line drawn by his predecessor and former boss. In his first 12100: 6882: 6664:"The Legacy of Nixon, Reagan, and Horton: How The Tough On Crime Movement Enabled A New Regime Of Race Influenced Employment Discrimination" 3699: 3450: 1784:

announced plans to launch a "global coalition to address synthetic drug threats", with more than 80 countries expected to join. That April,

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to make the requested arrest). The administration increased narcotics regulation in the first National Drug Control Strategy, issued by the

674:, and more popularly as a pick-me-up, found in soft drinks, cigarettes, blended with wine, in snuff, and other forms. Brand names appeared: 32716: 32650: 32596: 32584: 32384: 32372: 31390: 31078: 29919: 29898: 29831: 29538: 29297: 29186: 29130: 28595: 27425: 27367: 27353: 27344: 26353: 26346: 25891: 25743: 25711: 25442: 18179: 17776: 17592: 17533: 17116: 17074: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16244: 12932:, May 23, 1988 at 23; "Military support would have little effect on drug smuggling, study says", United Press International, March 4, 1988. 8962:

Statement of the Government of the United States of America World Federation Against Drugs 3rd World Forum, May 21, 2012, Stockholm, Sweden

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Penalties for drug crimes among American youth almost always involve permanent or semi-permanent removal from opportunities for education,

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In the 1980s, while the number of arrests for all crimes had risen by 28%, the number of arrests for drug offenses rose 126%. In 1994, the

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Global Commission on Drug Policy Offers Reckless, Vague Drug Legalization Proposal, Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc, July 12, 2011

5998: 5819: 5638: 2472: 30983: 13181: 11399: 9152: 9119: 7288: 6276: 5897: 5858: 5708: 5663: 4350:

In 1897, the Sears, Roebuck catalog offered a kit with a syringe, two needles, two vials of heroin and a handy carrying case for $ 1.50.

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has edited scholarly collections of articles offering a wide variety of public health-based and rights-based alternative drug policies.

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from a fifty-fifty split in 2001. A large majority saw alcohol as a greater danger to health (69%) and society (63%) than cannabis. In

2059:(SOA). US-trained officers have been accused of being directly or indirectly involved in many massacres during the 1990s, including the 33282: 32660: 31678: 31497: 31263: 31249: 29884: 29426: 28697: 27467: 26925: 26669: 26374: 24572: 24512: 23875: 23499: 22537: 20242: 20033: 19129: 18644: 18639: 18629: 18002: 17731: 16979: 15999: 11274: 9821: 9377: 6849: 6205: 5780: 3006: 2674: 2662: 2259: 1270:" anti-drug campaign. Propelled by the First Lady's tireless promotional efforts through the 1980s, "Just Say No" entered the American 978:

of 1938 required the FDA to ensure that non-narcotic drugs were labeled for safe use. The act determined that certain drugs, including

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away the key." He has been characterized as the first architect of the punitive war on drugs. According to a report prepared for the

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broadened federal regulation of opiates and coca products by prohibiting import and export for non-medical use, and established the

33247: 32951: 32687: 32561: 32534: 31965: 31671: 31551: 31381: 31307: 31256: 31131: 31064: 30937: 30309: 30295: 30136: 29362: 29239: 28935: 28008: 27880: 27460: 27312: 27294: 27163: 26932: 26558: 26309: 26284: 26275: 25763: 25731: 25422: 25300: 25288: 25119: 24478: 24242: 23614: 23220: 23211: 22388: 19345: 19141: 18634: 18122: 18062: 17622: 17277: 17169: 17019: 16711: 15890: 12583: 10189: 9097: 7499: 6559: 5441: 4942: 4717: 3536: 873: 604: 162: 21800: 11753: 9545: 8942: 8635: 8308: 7144: 6304: 2433: 1657: 486:. The initiative includes a set of drug policies that are intended to discourage the production, distribution, and consumption of 33055: 32682: 32546: 32514: 32421: 32416: 31712: 31537: 31469: 31367: 31191: 31177: 30969: 30587: 30357: 30202: 30174: 30161: 30066: 30043: 29803: 28951: 28856: 28828: 28524: 28462: 28135: 28063: 28042: 28033: 27938: 27931: 27676: 27506: 27061: 27011: 27004: 26814: 25998: 25802: 25758: 25738: 25726: 25706: 25507: 25050: 25040: 25031: 24992: 24911: 24505: 24485: 24335: 24138: 23963: 23852: 23831: 22788: 22763: 22383: 22254: 19743: 19566: 19535: 19251: 19224: 19183: 19178: 19151: 19081: 18968: 18764: 18571: 18159: 17983: 17881: 17513: 16469: 16009: 15688: 15261: 13684:

Painting the Current Picture: A National Report Card on Drug Courts and Other Problem Solving Court Programs in the United States

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In 2007, "An Open Letter to the President, Congress, Governors, and State Legislatures" signed by over 550 economists, including

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Bound in twine: the history and ecology of the henequen-wheat complex for Mexico and the American and Canadian Plains, 1880–1950

32205: 31606: 31138: 30809: 30802: 29963: 29716: 29573: 28942: 28870: 28863: 26786: 26777: 26330: 25512: 25204: 24971: 24874: 24867: 24634: 24526: 24360: 24036: 23714: 23322: 23074: 22719: 22621: 20159: 19856: 19352: 19061: 18744: 18649: 18479: 18427: 18388: 17955: 17950: 17804: 17741: 17694: 17672: 17637: 17292: 17148: 16699: 16369: 15900: 13510: 13360: 11660: 9072: 8218:"Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride. Are the differences myth or reality? JAMA. 1996 Nov 20;276(19):1580-8. PMID: 8918856" 7833: 6062: 3844: 2998: 2953: 2072: 2044: 1951: 1718: 1492:(2001–2009) administration maintained the hard line approach. In a TV interview in February 2001, Bush's new Attorney General, 1435: 491: 258: 143: 21976: 8795: 4712: 33302: 33257: 32428: 32164: 31685: 31664: 31523: 31483: 31071: 30635: 30288: 29935: 29503: 29262: 28877: 28749: 28690: 28672: 28620: 28455: 28191: 27228: 26967: 26904: 26844: 26729: 26401: 26028: 25814: 25305: 25262: 25250: 24735: 24258: 23992: 23764: 22679: 20991: 20968: 19922: 19796: 19168: 19056: 18926: 18830: 18739: 18663: 18208: 18174: 17189: 17179: 17174: 17032: 17027: 16891: 16856: 16379: 15698: 15241: 13083: 13044: 12818: 11738: 11055: 10554: 10478: 10419: 10137: 9790: 9287: 8619: 8476: 8351: 8200: 5852: 5813: 5774: 5747: 5702: 5632: 5513: 5102: 4041: 3351: 3135: 2356: 2071:

committees and other entities have documented the existence of connections between members of the Colombian military and the

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Lies, damned lies, and drug war statistics: a critical analysis of claims made by the office of National Drug Control Policy

1930:

said that the war on drugs was exacting too high a price on the lives of Central Americans and that it was time to "end the

627: 33242: 33227: 33085: 32699: 32608: 32591: 32579: 32433: 32284: 31951: 31701: 31650: 31574: 31490: 31353: 31330: 30790: 30302: 29311: 28742: 27866: 27089: 26800: 26302: 26243: 26225: 25480: 24904: 24687: 24664: 24439: 23554: 23441: 23245: 23179: 23161: 23099: 22857: 22542: 22413: 19770: 19672: 19364: 19261: 19198: 19188: 19071: 18862: 18825: 18754: 18586: 18551: 18102: 17832: 17565: 17336: 17287: 17260: 17184: 17143: 15978: 14893: 11772:

The War on Drugs IV: The Continuing Saga of the Mysteries and Miseries of Intoxication, Addiction, Crime, and Public Policy

10614: 10590: 10409: 10133:"Militarization and privatization of security: From the War on Drugs to the fight against organized crime in Latin America" 7861: 2776: 2023: 1703: 1520: 1474: 1173: 837: 655:, introduced in America mid-century, opiates were easily administered and became a preferred medical treatment. During the 132: 28900: 21901: 11633:

Reinstating Common Sense: How driver's license suspensions for drug offenses unrelated to driving are falling out of favor

9181: 8725: 7644: 5092: 4934: 4871: 4201: 2742:, in that the power to convict is effectively taken from the courts and given to those who are willing to plant evidence. 2152:, launched in 2008, was a security cooperation program between the US and Mexico, aimed at combating drug trafficking and 971:, successfully argued against this view, and kept the focus on increasing global prohibition and supply control measures. 33267: 33262: 33252: 33237: 33115: 33075: 32677: 32551: 32524: 32375: 32346: 32060: 30930: 30559: 30188: 30129: 30111: 29725: 29524: 29202: 28407: 28400: 28360: 28056: 28001: 27983: 27799: 27651: 27411: 27404: 26835: 26604: 26291: 25993: 25841: 25753: 25721: 25690: 25685: 25350: 25317: 25082: 24641: 23861: 23845: 23568: 23227: 22669: 22168: 19812: 19765: 19320: 19308: 19246: 19003: 18494: 18393: 17990: 17649: 17545: 17429: 16324: 15693: 14224: 14136: 12489: 11922: 11886: 9304: 7293: 6911: 3871: 3730: 3299: 3067: 2861: 2554: 1391: 1319: 1088: 1051: 1040: 26316: 22041: 21346: 20556: 13846: 12271:"Marijuana violations have taken over 10,000 truck drivers off the road this year, adding more supply chain disruptions" 11860: 11790: 11513: 9573: 8816: 4739: 3471: 2927:

are ineffective at keeping youths away from drugs, and instead create strong racial disparities in the judicial system.

33232: 33222: 32911: 32401: 32157: 32044: 31993: 31581: 31544: 31124: 30596: 30181: 29877: 29773: 29334: 28835: 28049: 27785: 27755: 25907: 25475: 25467: 25390: 25385: 24808: 24776: 24728: 24328: 24310: 23949: 23868: 23785: 23707: 22373: 22247: 19861: 19484: 19293: 19234: 19119: 19114: 19051: 18813: 18774: 18734: 18581: 18534: 18514: 18127: 17754: 17749: 17654: 17602: 17131: 16886: 16745: 16419: 15793: 15074: 14251: 13981: 12651: 12243:"Amid a Labor Shortage, Companies Are Eliminating Drug Tests. It's a Trend That Could Create More Equitable Workplaces" 12131: 10039: 8662: 8057: 6782: 5978: 5930: 5891: 4495: 4175: 3245: 3075: 2427: 2403: 2103: 1439: 28144: 25087: 22083: 21087: 21068: 13766:"The International Community Must Act on UN Human Rights Chief's Ground-Breaking Call for Systemic Drug Policy Reform" 13765: 13502: 13444: 6974: 4334: 1765:, shifting from a criminal approach to a public health approach; portions of that policy were reversed in April 2024. 32090: 31530: 29661: 29447: 28907: 28627: 27360: 27177: 26590: 25670: 24785: 24158: 24064: 23999: 19335: 19315: 19266: 19256: 19124: 19046: 19023: 18983: 18847: 18837: 18714: 18689: 18596: 18576: 18054: 17844: 17570: 16952: 16439: 16424: 16394: 16249: 16159: 15845: 15810: 15162: 14913: 14350: 14149: 13306:"The temporal relationship between drug supply indicators: an audit of international government surveillance systems" 12616: 11072: 10525: 8686: 7233: 7200: 7184: 5324: 5218: 4314: 2372: 1431: 616: 579:

Drugs in the US were largely unregulated until the early 20th century. Opium had been used to relieve pain since the

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Stephanie R. Bush-Baskette, "The War on Drugs as a War on Black Women," in Meda Chesney-Lind and Lisa Pasko (eds.),

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The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 created a 100:1 sentencing disparity in the US for the trafficking or possession of

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The term "war on drugs" was popularized by the media after a press conference, given on June 17, 1971, during which

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doctrine in that its benefits do not justify the encroachments on rights that are supposed to be guaranteed by the

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In 2021, some companies began to reduce drug testing in order to improve hiring prospects in a tight labor market.

2590: 2476: 2449: 2290: 2286: 2278: 1841: 1734: 1581: 1496:, said about the war on drugs, "I want to renew it. I want to refresh it, relaunch it if you will." In 2001, after 1455: 1384: 1376: 822: 631:

Advertising sign from Bayer for use in US drug stores, dating from before the federal prohibition of heroin by the

542: 467: 12409: 11434:"Does the United States really have 5 percent of the world's population and one quarter of the world's prisoners?" 9430: 8868: 8399: 8368: 8268: 4390: 3210:, a series of counter-narcotics training exercises conducted by the United States Army and several Asian countries 1470:

police practice in New York City, and state-level "three strikes" felony laws, which began in California in 1994.

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Michael Tonry, Malign Neglect – Race Crime and Punishment in America (London: Oxford University Press, 1995), 82.

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reported that Republicans and Democrats were in agreement that it was time to end the war on drugs. While on the

1654: 1605: 1467: 1380: 1260: 1245: 1180: 1027:, he helped to ensure that law enforcement was represented on the UN's new drug policy Supervisory Body (today's 899: 22313: 21906: 21004: 11301: 10270: 8845:

Bill Summary & Status – 111th Congress (2009–2010) – S.1789 – All Information – THOMAS (Library of Congress)

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From the Frontlines to the Bottom Line: Medical Marijuana, the War on Drugs, and the Drug Policy Reform Movement

5464:"Marihuana – A Signal of Misunderstanding (First Report of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse)" 2079: 530: 32453: 30022: 29905: 29739: 29702: 29624: 29531: 29440: 29355: 28538: 28517: 28483: 28374: 27762: 27110: 25884: 25623: 25410: 25345: 25114: 24995: 24815: 24124: 24117: 23721: 21420: 20235: 20205: 19908: 19699: 19582: 19357: 19031: 18978: 18894: 18884: 18852: 18781: 18769: 18724: 18611: 18509: 18371: 18291: 18281: 18067: 17924: 17627: 17585: 17528: 17302: 17213: 16694: 16449: 16434: 16414: 16389: 16374: 16334: 16274: 16224: 15860: 14215:

Full text of major government commission reports on the drug laws from around the world over the last 100 years

14145: 13741: 13268: 12414: 10900: 10814: 10786: 10671: 10109: 10070: 8440: 8143: 7694: 7595: 5357: 4419:"Beyond America's War on Drugs: Developing Public Policy to Navigate the Prevailing Pharmacological Revolution" 3341: 3114: 2923:, and released in March 2006 by the Justice Policy Institute, harsher sentences for drug offenses committed in 2350: 1750: 1537: 1443: 1390:

Internationally, the Reagan term saw a huge increase in US military anti-drug activity in other countries. The

997:"For the relief of severe pain": WWII US Army first aid manual illustrating self-injection of morphine using a 791: 690:

catalog, distributed to millions of American homes, offered a syringe and a small amount of heroin for $ 1.50.

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to mean that drugs should be regulated in state law not federal law. A third argument states that the reverse

32406: 32178: 32076: 31446: 31411: 30573: 30487: 29926: 29817: 29545: 27704: 27205: 27191: 27075: 27045: 26897: 26807: 25958: 25633: 25554: 25147: 24799: 24579: 24015: 23942: 23693: 23478: 22215: 21807: 21242: 20928: 20666: 19760: 19597: 19109: 18973: 18889: 18820: 18791: 18729: 18619: 18591: 18235: 17607: 17500: 16738: 16628: 16577: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16194: 15905: 14750: 13696: 12297: 12187: 8844: 8707: 5995:"Was there a conspiracy to outlaw hemp because it was a threat to theDuPonts and other industrial interests?" 3427: 3091: 2771: 2688: 1821: 987: 968: 857: 31: 21966: 20962: 20434: 20359: 13266:

White House Drug Policy Director Kerlikowske Meets with Swedish Counterdrug Officials, ONDCP, March 21, 2011

10959:"The world is hungry for cocaine and happy to buy it. But think of the ravaged countries that pay the price" 9133: 7562: 6507:

Lines, Rick; Elliott, Richard; Julie, Hannah; Rebecca, Schleifer; Tenu, Avafia; Damon, Barrett (June 2017).

5065: 4631:

Lee, Erika (2002). "The Chinese Exclusion Example: Race, Immigration, and American Gatekeeping, 1882–1924".

4268: 4235: 32171: 32001: 31029: 30976: 30900: 29633: 29587: 29385: 29230: 28713: 28652: 28604: 27607: 27249: 27103: 26706: 26611: 25868: 25851: 25628: 25452: 25375: 25235: 25154: 25109: 25045: 25003: 24673: 24565: 24103: 24096: 23635: 23577: 22532: 22220: 22001: 21986: 21946: 21318: 21061: 20874: 20849: 20687: 20563: 20535: 20316: 19404: 19397: 19330: 19193: 19076: 18998: 18988: 18842: 18803: 18759: 18719: 18676: 18624: 18556: 18529: 18489: 18467: 18276: 18090: 18037: 17970: 17827: 17783: 17711: 17632: 17550: 17361: 17225: 17054: 16962: 16770: 16454: 16444: 16399: 16384: 16364: 16354: 16329: 16309: 16239: 16199: 16189: 16179: 14171: 13737:"Constitution of World Federation Against Drugs (Appendix I: Declaration of the World Forum Against Drugs)" 13581: 13545:

Fish, J. M. (Ed.) (2000). "Is our drug policy effective? Are there alternatives?" New York City, New York:

10334: 6158: 4072: 3879: 2713: 2651: 2488: 1881:(FAA). Enacted in 1961, the FAA integrated various federal foreign aid initiatives under a new agency, the 1301:, which included harsher penalties for cannabis cultivation, possession, and distribution, and established 1080: 959: 920: 755: 21596: 21516: 21353: 21325: 21271: 20955: 13873: 10000: 8493: 7777: 6992: 5734:

The borderlands of the American and Canadian Wests: essays on regional history of the forty-ninth parallel

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laws, making access easier, though usage rates remain higher than they were in the 1990s according to the

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reported that the war on drugs resulted in the incarceration of one million Americans each year. In 2008,

730:

During this period, states and municipalities began enacting laws banning or regulating certain drugs. In

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International drug control had been discussed before the war, but a global system was unlikely. ... The

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of legal opioids beginning in the early to mid-1990s, a rise in heroin use in the 2000s, and the rise of

1348: 1253: 1241: 1075: 869: 841: 56: 22152: 13959: 11219:"Afghanistan is the world's opium king. Can the Taliban afford to kill off their 'un-Islamic' cash cow?" 9404: 9090:"Outcome Document of the 2016 United Nations General Assembly Special Session on the World Drug Problem" 9089: 8295: 5021: 33065: 32991: 32892: 32843: 32438: 32302: 31184: 30953: 30909: 30552: 30152: 30091: 30082: 30029: 29580: 28545: 28423: 28159: 28024: 27963: 27628: 27265: 26911: 26014: 25973: 25598: 25549: 25365: 25026: 24964: 24936: 24860: 23822: 23600: 22862: 22559: 22348: 21931: 21926: 21583: 21332: 21295: 21260: 21011: 20680: 19571: 19437: 19229: 19099: 18931: 18911: 18899: 18709: 18699: 18381: 18286: 17899: 17889: 17416: 17411: 17401: 17396: 16918: 16658: 16633: 16359: 16319: 16289: 16234: 14648: 14023:

Chin, Gabriel (2002). "Race, the War on Drugs and the Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction".

9356:

Nadler, Jerrold. "H.R.3884 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): MORE Act of 2020." Congress.gov, 7 Dec. 2020,

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Bullington, Bruce; Block, Alan A. (March 1990). "A Trojan horse: Anti-communism and the war on drugs".

3235: 3207: 2381: 1947: 1729: 1290: 1024: 943:

and plastics from the hemp industry. After the Act, cannabis research and medical testing became rare.

768: 580: 392: 21590: 21523: 21339: 20881: 20867: 20842: 20549: 20542: 20507: 12705:

Bagley, Bruce Michael (1988). "US Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Analysis of a Policy Failure".

12448: 9822:"US poised to ease restrictions on marijuana in historic shift, but it'll remain controlled substance" 6021: 5411: 2247:, the drug situation was intertwined with the US backing of the anti-leftist rebel force known as the 33297: 33212: 33132: 33110: 32879: 32870: 31316: 29985: 29824: 29693: 27887: 27720: 27621: 27418: 27096: 26821: 26736: 26648: 26122: 26072: 25809: 25427: 24888: 24751: 24351: 24290: 24131: 23750: 23547: 23506: 22769: 22488: 22428: 22398: 22368: 22353: 22270: 22011: 21702: 21475: 21204: 21179: 21165: 21054: 20465: 20459: 20441: 20228: 19993: 19515: 18808: 18114: 17919: 17914: 17476: 16930: 16663: 15910: 15644: 15589: 14722: 14333: 13576: 13417:"A Record Number of Drug-Related Deaths Shows the Drug War Is Remarkably Effective at Killing People" 10723: 8711: 7386: 6363: 6281: 5463: 4966: 4395: 4161: 3329: 3270: 3260: 3079: 2931: 2598: 2529: 2039:

program, between 2000 and 2015, the US provided Colombia with $ 10 billion in funding, primarily for

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The latter half of the 19th century saw a ramping up of opiate use in America. Early in the century,

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The Report of the Canadian Government Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs – 1972

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There is no clear measure of the effectiveness of the war on drugs, and it has been widely called a

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Full text of numerous full histories of the drug war and thousands of original historical documents

14212: 13284: 13224: 11275:"The war on drugs in Afghanistan 'has just been a total failure,' the US's top watchdog there says" 11251: 10865: 10636: 9683: 8903: 7754: 7436: 6818: 6373: 6225: 5920: 4910: 4467: 3574: 3165:, endorsed the findings of a 2006 paper, "The Budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibition," by 2225: 1442:

for 1990-1991, Congress included Section 1208 – the 1208 Program, expanded into the

1104: 810: 311: 286: 22665: 22493: 22180: 21786: 21074: 20998: 20975: 20413: 13109: 11104:"The Noriega Verdict; U.S. Jury Convicts Noriega of Drug-Trafficking Role as the Leader of Panama" 10440: 9455: 4604: 1473:

During the 1990s, opioid use in the US dramatically rose, leading to the ongoing, commonly called

1364:

that White House officials recognized was as much of a problem among low-income white Americans".

32411: 32366: 32339: 32311: 32214: 30274: 29999: 28476: 27824: 26946: 26699: 26583: 26574: 25831: 24881: 24627: 24469: 24265: 24225: 24209: 24179: 23921: 23891: 22845: 22804: 22408: 22343: 21544: 21530: 20753: 20746: 20528: 20427: 20336: 20331: 19822: 19738: 19623: 19525: 18415: 18151: 17909: 16876: 15963: 15930: 15920: 15870: 15865: 15490: 14809: 14804: 13030: 12092: 11332:

The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement

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presents a special case; it came under federal restriction in the 1930s, and since 1970 has been

293: 21311: 21278: 21218: 21158: 20420: 20406: 15953: 14191:, a 2023 report from the International Coalition on Drug Policy Reform and Environmental Justice 13265: 12995: 11183:"From Conflict to Collaboration: An Innovative Approach to Reducing Coca Cultivation in Bolivia" 10753: 10301: 9875: 7616: 7500:"Nixon Aides Suggest Colleague Was Kidding About Drug War Being Designed To Target Black People" 7036: 6694: 6663: 6581: 5611:

Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, 75c 2s. HR6906. Library of Congress transcript. July 12, 1937

1981: 32757: 32148: 31346: 30845: 29949: 29489: 28469: 28388: 27873: 27769: 27591: 27198: 26756: 26597: 26034: 25899: 24758: 24742: 24233: 23884: 23540: 23127: 22900: 22403: 21981: 21936: 21814: 21779: 21537: 20807: 20760: 20627: 20514: 19954: 19873: 19791: 19618: 19413: 18867: 18217: 18027: 18007: 17809: 17664: 17459: 17406: 17391: 17235: 16923: 16044: 15480: 15475: 15211: 15012: 14816: 14745: 14244: 14095: 11944: 9357: 9329: 7943: 7266: 5591: 3813: 3106: 2205: 1923: 1878: 1565:, Director of the ONDCP – Obama's drug czar – indicated that the 1356: 903: 747: 712: 517: 399: 27304: 23448: 22075: 21991: 21793: 15372: 14063:"Race, Crime and the Pool of Surplus Criminality: Or Why the War on Drugs Was a War on Blacks" 14001: 11975: 11395: 10470: 8980: 5994: 5803: 5739: 5622: 2236:

Force-Bravo, assisted Honduran troops in conducting raids on traffickers' sites of operation.

651:

was created from morphine, each more potent than the previous form. With the invention of the

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as tough on crime, dramatically raised the stakes for drug felonies with his signing of the

33312: 32811: 32381: 31101: 30566: 29276: 29253: 29246: 28682: 28430: 27901: 27852: 26567: 26537: 26418: 26134: 25968: 25797: 25174: 25014: 24195: 23471: 22239: 22031: 21941: 21921: 21772: 21723: 21716: 21576: 21503: 21186: 20521: 20389: 20290: 19682: 19530: 19510: 19418: 18546: 18420: 18311: 17689: 17121: 17101: 17049: 16999: 16940: 16871: 16653: 16545: 15958: 15915: 15855: 15783: 15756: 15276: 15251: 15221: 15216: 15042: 14843: 14218: 13431:"A Record Number of Drug-Related Deaths Illustrates the Lethal Consequences of Prohibition" 13304:

Werb, D.; Kerr, T.; Nosyk, B.; Strathdee, S.; Montaner, J.; Wood, E. (September 30, 2013).

12355:"Five Decades Into The War On Drugs, Decriminalizing Marijuana Has High Bipartisan Support" 12182: 6309: 6087: 4994: 4915: 3040: 2920: 2364: 2060: 1497: 1201: 716: 516:... and it will be nationwide." Earlier that day, Nixon had presented a special message to 471: 414: 406: 26235: 23171: 19927: 13169:

Johnston, L. D.; O'Malley, P. M.; Bachman, J. G.; Schulenberg, J. E. (November 30, 2005).

11830: 10249: 7437:"Nixon official: real reason for the drug war was to criminalize black people and hippies" 6872:"Cannabis: A Commonwealth Medicinal Plant, Long Suppressed, Now at Risk of Monopolization" 4845: 4004: 3095:

cost is $ 20,000–$ 50,000 for imprisonment, and $ 2,500–$ 4,000 in the drug court system.

2320: 2149: 1927: 8: 33105: 32977: 32823: 32781: 32763: 32749: 31397: 30922: 30769: 30121: 27993: 27917: 27553: 26295: 26140: 26078: 26066: 25963: 25497: 25485: 25447: 25217: 25159: 25006: 24165: 23900: 23393: 22458: 22438: 22393: 21956: 21730: 20193: 19998: 19657: 18958: 18874: 18684: 18400: 18085: 17716: 16913: 16623: 16560: 16128: 16064: 15798: 15500: 15422: 14869: 14853: 14799: 14683: 14141: 13701: 13069: 12926:

Sealing the borders: the effects of increased military participation in drug interdiction

12800: 12575: 11872: 11795: 11518: 10895: 10810:"Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress" 8828: 8682: 7782: 6945: 6121: 5592:"Statement of Dr. William C. Woodward, Legislative Counsel, American Medical Association" 5352: 4747: 4526: 3255: 2866:

Sealing the Borders: The Effects of Increased Military Participation in Drug Interdiction

2695: 2496: 2463: 2153: 2142: 1912: 1781: 1570: 1438:(ONDCP) in 1989. The director of ONDCP became commonly known as the US drug czar. In the 1344: 955: 587:

and the US, were making huge profits in the opium trade in China and southeast Asia; two

353: 251: 244: 26544: 24320: 22753: 21601: 19613: 15319: 6768: 6742: 6449:"Report to Congress: Mandatory Minimum Penalties in the Federal Criminal Justice System" 6142: 4560: 1418:

during his Address to the Nation on National Drug Control Strategy on September 5, 1989.

1065:

Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988

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United Nations General Assembly, A/RES/44/240, 88th Plenary Meeting, December 29, 1989

10809: 10781: 10104: 9848: 9310: 8670: 8335: 8138: 8004:"No Drugs, No Crime and Just Pennies for School: How Police Use Civil Asset Forfeiture" 7719: 7227: 7194: 6764: 6527: 6508: 6192: 5552: 5353:"The Evolution of Marijuana as a Controlled Substance and the Federal-State Policy Gap" 5254: 5128: 4656: 4648: 4443: 4418: 3977: 3965: 3677: 3517: 3250: 3219: 2816: 2802:

attempts to put out a fire set by drug smugglers trying to escape and destroy evidence.

2753: 2413: 2056: 1988: 1541: 951: 894: 877: 704: 656: 600: 538:, creating a policy gap with federal law and non-compliance with the UN drug treaties. 487: 385: 378: 332: 20729: 19561: 14132: 13139: 8343: 6332: 4889: 3421:"The International Drug Control Treaties: How Important Are They to U.S. Drug Reform?" 32613: 29647: 29269: 29102: 27711: 26655: 25988: 25953: 25915: 25437: 24712: 24149: 24057: 23656: 23235: 22883: 22700: 22579: 22478: 22473: 22463: 22378: 21821: 21663: 21562: 20938: 20306: 19709: 19633: 18941: 18097: 17449: 16947: 16866: 16851: 16638: 16618: 16209: 16014: 15885: 15746: 15543: 15510: 15485: 14997: 14730: 14403: 14237: 14077:

Tony Payan, "A War that Can't Be Won." Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2013.

14028: 13997: 13977: 13335: 13050: 13040: 13034: 12973: 12814: 12773: 12761: 12612: 12127: 11631: 11491: 11377: 11111: 11051: 11044: 10966: 10932: 10474: 10463: 10415: 9767: 9515:"Oregon Measure 110 Election Results: Decriminalize Some Drugs and Provide Treatment" 9044: 8472: 8376: 8347: 8239: 8235: 8196: 7690: 7621: 7180: 6554: 6532: 6197: 5974: 5963: 5926: 5887: 5848: 5809: 5770: 5743: 5732: 5698: 5628: 5509: 5224: 5214: 5098: 4919: 4893: 4691: 4660: 4448: 4310: 4303: 4171: 4037: 3969: 3727:"Richard Nixon: Special Message to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control" 3681: 3669: 3544: 3521: 3230: 2585: 2052: 1859: 1463: 1411: 1336: 1302: 1249: 1124: 1079:

created the Reorganization Plan of 1968 which merged the Bureau of Narcotics and the

1071: 1036: 795: 272: 265: 23070: 22715: 19429: 11759:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). May 2015. 11136: 10507: 10465:

The School of the Americas: military training and political violence in the Americas

9546:"Oregon governor signs drug re-criminalization bill, reversing voter ballot measure" 9236: 8787: 7532:"Was Nixon's war on drugs a racially motivated crusade? It's a bit more complicated" 6048: 4434: 2315:

is scheduled to receive US$ 1.6 billion in equipment and strategic support from the

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to conduct the first US in-depth study of cannabis use. The report, produced by the

33070: 31226: 31117: 30859: 28381: 28330: 27635: 26890: 26020: 24696: 24519: 23743: 23425: 23401: 22838: 22574: 22453: 22323: 22021: 21996: 21828: 21744: 21709: 21684: 21445: 20251: 20135: 19964: 19937: 18857: 18704: 18410: 18230: 17240: 17081: 17064: 17059: 16898: 16555: 16138: 16054: 15835: 15778: 15766: 15465: 15344: 15286: 15246: 15203: 15104: 15007: 14968: 14951: 14889: 14786: 13954: 13325: 13317: 13140:"Crime & Justice Electronic Data Abstracts, Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)" 12963: 12955: 12806: 12753: 12714: 12680: 12494: 12242: 12215:"Companies drug test a lot less than they used to – because it doesn't really work" 12160: 11483: 11469: 11367: 11359: 11279: 11194: 9826: 9820:

Miller, Zeke; Goodman, Joshua; Mustian, Jim; Whitehurst, Lindsay (April 30, 2024).

9600:"Biden Signs Marijuana Research Bill, A Historic First For Federal Cannabis Reform" 8614: 8552: 8339: 8231: 8036: 7804: 7650: 7094: 6756: 6522: 6333:"America's War on Drugs Has Always Been Bipartisan – and Unwinnable" 6187: 5544: 5300: 5296:"The History and Development of the Leading International Drug Control Conventions" 5206: 5188: 5119: 4918:

in 1919 brought the Hague Convention into operation and gave the newly established

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (August 15, 2023).

3661: 3509: 3282: 3170: 3118: 2949: 2913: 2857: 2812: 2658: 2130: 2121: 2116: 2099: 2095: 1890: 1801: 1738: 1546: 1352: 882: 771:

of 1914, that regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of

360: 170: 20711: 20220: 20188: 19969: 19551: 13087: 12863:"The government is tripping if it thinks this renewed war on drugs won't backfire" 12757: 12742:"Ineffectiveness, Financial Waste, and Unfairness: The Legacy of the War on Drugs" 12608:

US Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Displacing the Cocaine and Heroin Industry

11363: 9153:"Jeff Sessions enacts harsher sentencing and charges in criminal justice overhaul" 1281:, chaired by Bush, targeting a surge of cocaine and cannabis entering through the 32984: 32886: 32848: 31235: 30884: 30866: 29677: 29482: 27170: 26997: 26500: 26170: 26104: 26086: 25559: 25199: 25189: 25137: 24202: 24022: 23515: 23434: 23252: 22794: 22200: 22036: 19942: 19832: 19607: 19602: 18566: 18342: 18240: 18012: 17312: 17245: 17014: 16935: 16881: 16643: 16592: 16530: 16029: 16004: 15850: 15634: 15548: 15470: 15460: 15231: 15226: 15109: 15047: 15024: 14668: 14658: 13850: 13671: 13291: 13272: 12549: 12475: 12468: 12359: 12247: 12219: 11867: 11775: 11583: 11438: 10597: 10447: 10392: 10256: 10194: 9679:"Biden announces pardons for thousands convicted of federal marijuana possession" 9651:"DEA Considers Rescheduling Cannabis: What This Means For U.S. And Global Policy" 9364: 9031: 8987: 8968: 8949: 8851: 8823: 8694: 8640: 8404: 8008: 7894: 7569: 7149: 7043: 7024: 6853: 6337: 5958: 5667: 5535: 5503: 5192: 4609: 4500: 3916: 3757: 3752: 3419:

Haase, Heather J.; Eyle, Nicolas Edward; Schrimpf, Joshua Raymond (August 2012).

3304: 3162: 3154: 2991: 2890: 2731: 2444: 1902: 1855: 1711: 1574: 1562: 1361: 1325: 1235: 1197: 1184: 1172:

Facing reelection, with drug control as a campaign centerpiece, Nixon formed the

1158: 526: 190: 137: 13321: 12802:

Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don't Know Keeps Hurting Us

12741: 11577:"Race, The War on Drugs, and the Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction" 11487: 10610: 10425: 6367: 4058: 3373:

Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

2994:

had decreased from 1990 to 2007, while the purity of these drugs had increased.

2875: 2137:

One of the first anti-drug efforts in the realm of foreign policy was President

1844:, visiting Colombia in the early 2000s as part of the United States' support of 1528: 1103:

presidency (1969-1974) incorporated his predecessor's anti-drug initiative in a

1074:(1963-1969) decided that the government needed to make an effort to curtail the 1031:), and that it did not fall under a public health-oriented agency like the WHO. 32817: 31597: 30457: 29852: 25502: 25179: 23409: 23386: 23372: 22616: 22569: 22433: 22423: 22358: 22174: 21455: 21425: 21035: 20905: 20384: 20145: 20096: 20076: 20003: 19947: 19716: 19036: 18936: 18319: 17454: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17106: 16969: 16903: 16540: 16506: 16481: 16071: 15788: 15614: 15604: 15518: 15427: 15367: 15311: 15064: 15019: 14919: 14306: 14296: 13391: 12894: 12437: 11472:; Bakalar, James B. (February 3, 1994). "The War on Drugs – A Peace Proposal". 10870: 9049: 8730: 7866: 7689:(1999 Revised ed.). London: Oxford University Press. pp. 52–53, 167. 7600: 7066: 6787: 5330: 5194:

Assassin of Youth: A Kaleidoscopic History of Harry J. Anslinger's War on Drugs

3820: 3225: 3178: 3158: 3151: 3123: 3047: 2791: 2665:'s zero-tolerance cannabis policy, even for medical use, is cited as an issue. 2294: 2215: 1907: 1817: 1691: 1629: 1512: 1489: 1478: 1372: 1044: 932: 700: 558: 156: 25525:

Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978

11791:"Congress passes bill to reduce disparity in crack, powder cocaine sentencing" 8139:"The Controlled Substances Act (CSA): A Legal Overview for the 118th Congress" 6049:"Is Industrial Hemp Worth Further Study in the US? A Survey of the Literature" 5437: 3726: 3513: 2834: 33186: 33080: 33005: 32998: 32083: 30106: 29780: 29320: 29065: 28667: 28367: 27978: 27289: 26220: 26192: 25787: 24305: 23621: 23156: 22923: 22833: 22823: 22773: 22067: 21480: 21470: 21430: 20140: 20109: 19667: 19662: 18017: 17317: 17126: 16761: 16613: 16587: 16582: 16496: 16059: 16019: 15639: 15619: 15528: 15455: 15382: 15377: 15362: 15158: 14958: 14941: 14909: 14688: 14629: 14494: 14426: 14408: 14379: 14346: 14328: 13476: 13054: 12867: 12765: 12639: 11891: 11115: 10970: 10936: 10842: 10782:"The U.S. "Majors List" of Illicit Drug-Producing and Drug-Transit Countries" 10105:"The U.S. "Majors List" of Illicit Drug-Producing and Drug-Transit Countries" 9763:"DEA: 2 Mexican cartels pose 'greatest criminal threat' ever faced by the US" 9214: 8498: 7944:"S.1762 – 98th Congress (1983–1984): Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984" 7915: 6760: 5386: 4713:"A History of Research: 1906 Pure Food & Drug Act – The Birth of the FDA" 4091: 3673: 3608:"Legalize All Drugs? The 'Risks Are Tremendous' Without Defining The Problem" 3548: 3026: 2897: 2766: 2622: 2611: 2573: 2546: 2360: 2316: 2275: 2138: 2036: 2013: 2008: 1943: 1845: 1754: 1678: 1601: 1585: 1493: 1415: 1214: 1100: 1005: 947: 924: 856:

Anslinger (center) discussing cannabis control with Canadian narcotics chief

833:(1933–1945) asking Americans not to abuse "this return to personal freedom." 735: 501: 463: 435: 325: 126: 20933: 15357: 12643: 8981:

Joint statement For a humane and balanced drug policy, Stockholm 20 May 2012

8330:

Buxton, Julia; Burger, Lona (2020). "International Drug Policy in Context".

7119:"Remarks About an Intensified Program for Drug Abuse Prevention and Control" 5624:

NAFTA & neocolonialism: comparative criminal, human & social justice

3472:"How the war on drugs has made drug traffickers more ruthless and efficient" 2305:

resolved that the invasion was a "flagrant violation of international law."

1140:

our servicemen are addicted to heroin in one form or another." On June 6, a

33146: 32858: 32805: 32799: 32793: 29304: 28985: 28612: 27584: 26158: 26152: 25983: 25360: 24980: 23114: 23021: 22895: 22675: 22659: 22655: 22468: 22195: 22091: 20311: 20301: 19505: 18324: 18296: 17351: 16501: 15751: 15437: 15256: 15191: 15136: 15084: 14963: 14929: 14881: 14777: 14595: 14451: 14364: 13448: 13339: 13171:"Table 13: Trends in Availability of Drugs as Perceived by Twelfth Graders" 13084:"How drug-free zone laws impact racial disparity–and fail to protect youth" 12977: 12890:"The President Interviews the Creator of "The Wire" About the War on Drugs" 12469:

Is the Constitution in Harm's Way? Substantive Due Process and Criminal Law

11680: 11381: 9378:"U.S. House Passes MORE Act To Decriminalize Cannabis at the Federal Level" 9334: 9210:"Pot Showdown: How Congress Is Uniting to Stop Jeff Sessions' War on Drugs" 9186: 9157: 8761:

How Goes the "War on Drugs": An Assessment of U.S. Drug Problems and Policy

8217: 8062: 6968: 6916: 6536: 5239: 4897: 4452: 4206: 3949: 3287: 2700: 2618: 2407: 2298: 2040: 1837: 1785: 1674: 1558: 1451: 1285:

region, and the sharp rise in related crime. The project involved the DEA,

1263: 1229: 1164: 1011: 936: 814: 731: 536:

legalized for medical use in 38 states, and also for recreational use in 24

475: 223: 176: 50: 11495: 10925:"'We should treat it as a war': Ecuador's descent into drug gang violence" 10663: 10062: 9283:"50 Years Into the War on Drugs, Biden-Harris Can Fix the Harm It Created" 8243: 6201: 5043: 3973: 3537:"The UN's war on drugs is a failure. Is it time for a different approach?" 2308: 2126: 33154: 33095: 32838: 32829: 32775: 29594: 29566: 29517: 29433: 28552: 27439: 27022: 26185: 26164: 25931: 25826: 25245: 24383: 23778: 23379: 23308: 22982: 21450: 20923: 20587: 19638: 18601: 18132: 17469: 17371: 17111: 16974: 16730: 15948: 15895: 15741: 15579: 15447: 15402: 15324: 15301: 15034: 14992: 14700: 14563: 14489: 14444: 14291: 12959: 12644:"A Tale of Two Borders: The U.S.–Mexico and U.S.–Canada Lines After 9/11" 11509: 10220: 10001:"How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico's murderous drug gangs" 9120:"Public Statement by the Global Commission on Drug Policy on UNGASS 2016" 7809: 5255:"America's War on Drugs Has Treated People Unequally Since Its Beginning" 4999: 4565: 4472: 4009: 2935:

charges are for possession rather than the sale or manufacture of drugs.

2848: 2784: 2780: 2739: 2630: 2508: 2334: 2181: 1809: 1609: 1501: 1423: 1267: 1225: 1131:(NORML), convinced 11 states to decriminalize cannabis for personal use. 1015: 983: 979: 787: 584: 440: 68: 14229: 14142:

War On Drugs: Legislation in the 108th Congress and Related Developments

12994:. Office of National Drug Control Policy. April 14, 2006. Archived from 11145: 11143: 9977: 6509:"The Case for International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Control" 6173: 5572:"80 Years Ago This Week, Marijuana Prohibition Began With These Arrests" 4652: 4496:"America's first opioid crisis grew out of the carnage of the Civil War" 2704:

considered the war on drugs a failure, and 12% considered it a success.

2158:

Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communities

1524:

US timeline graphs of number of people incarcerated in jails and prisons

622: 33159: 32787: 32769: 31154: 30617: 28448: 26116: 25396:

Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978

23734: 22686: 22205: 21440: 20605: 20178: 17464: 17270: 17096: 17091: 17009: 16024: 15761: 15495: 15387: 14860: 14705: 14653: 14283: 14120:

The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs.

12383:"Two-Thirds of American Voters Support Decriminalizing All Drugs: Poll" 11915:"Special Report to the Congress: Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy" 10539:

Rohter, Larry (May 1, 2000). "To Colombians, Drug War is a Toxic Foe".

10302:"Obama pledges more than $ 450 million aid to help Colombia peace plan" 9382: 6743:"Correcting Course: Lessons from the 1970 Repeal of Mandatory Minimums" 6153: 6143:

HARRY J. ANSLINGER: The Murderers THE STORY OF THE NARCOTIC GANGS, 1962

5325:"An Exhibition Tells the Story of a Drug War Leader, but Not All of It" 4876: 3665: 2615: 2535: 2270: 2255: 2177: 2087: 1584:, an international non-governmental group composed primarily of former 1427: 1271: 783:

specifically outlawed the manufacture, importation and sale of heroin.

671: 608: 588: 23464: 22696: 19852: 19828: 13168: 13067:

Don Podesta and Douglas Farah, "Drug Policy in Andes Called Failure",

12726: 12684: 12676:

Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs: A Policy Failure But A Political Success

11344:

Cohen, A; Vakharia, SP; Netherland, J; Frederique, K (December 2022).

9135:

Sessions to nix Obama-era rules leaving states alone that legalize pot

7344: 7090:"Special Message to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control" 6635:""Law and Order" in Richard Nixon 1968 Presidential acceptance speech" 5840: 5556: 5530: 2055:

training from US military and law enforcement agencies, including the

1206:

cover story, Ehrlichman, who died in 1999, was quoted from journalist

32355: 30603: 28168: 26953: 26690: 26683: 25569: 23087: 22733: 22601: 21139: 20610: 18953: 18946: 16535: 16491: 16039: 16034: 15609: 15594: 15569: 15417: 15412: 15397: 15392: 15352: 15329: 15266: 15123: 15096: 14980: 14838: 14821: 14794: 14710: 14673: 14663: 14636: 14607: 14568: 14555: 14533: 14504: 14301: 12789:, Drug Policy Education Group, Vol. 2 No. 1, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 5 11861:"The Fair Sentencing Act corrects a long-time wrong in cocaine cases" 11140: 8896:"Justice Department Announces Update to Marijuana Enforcement Policy" 8817:"The Fair Sentencing Act corrects a long-time wrong in cocaine cases" 7176: 5094:

The Power of the Poppy: Harnessing Nature's Most Dangerous Plant Ally

4644: 4368: 3700:"After 50 Years Of The War On Drugs, 'What Good Is It Doing For Us?'" 3498:"The Never-Ending Drug War: Obstacles to Drug War Policy Termination" 3451:"After 50 Years Of The War On Drugs, 'What Good Is It Doing For Us?'" 3182: 2795: 2730:

Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Another argument interprets the

2642: 2484: 2252: 2244: 2193: 2185: 2083: 2043:, training, and equipment, to fight left-wing guerrillas such as the 1762: 1707: 1477:. A loose consensus of observers describe three main phases to date: 1218: 1162:

proclaimed, "Nixon Declares War on Narcotics Use in US". In England,

724: 720: 675: 64: 26884:

Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988

25520:

Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980

19879: 12928:(RAND 1988); Robert E. Kessler, "Study: Military Can't Curb Drugs", 12799:

Manski, Charles F.; Pepper, John V.; Petrie, Carol V., eds. (2001).

12674: 10838:"Cocaine, cartels, and corruption: The crisis in Ecuador, explained" 10694:"Mexican public favors military use, U.S. aid to fight drug cartels" 10357:"Summary : FY 2010 State and Foreign Operations Appropriations" 9182:"How Jeff Sessions and Donald Trump have restarted the war on drugs" 2896:

In the six years from 2000 to 2006, the U.S. spent $ 4.7 billion on

2098:, examining the Colombian experience for insights applicable to the 1266:, with the help of an advertising agency, began her youth-oriented " 910: 31338:

Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials

29348: 27614: 26676: 26507: 23591: 23037: 22956: 22596: 20183: 20049: 19889: 17136: 17086: 15538: 15432: 15334: 15057: 14988: 14946: 14936: 14904: 14899: 14864: 14678: 14585: 14545: 14521: 14474: 14369: 14338: 14207: 14089:

Federal Narcotics Laws and the War on Drugs: Money Down a Rat Hole.

14010:

The Celling of America: An Inside Look at the U.S. Prison Industry.

12810: 12718: 12387: 11912: 11821: 11703: 11302:"Counternarcotics: Lessons from the U.S. Experience in Afghanistan" 11199: 11182: 10866:"Ecuador's Leader Purges Military and Moves to Expel American Base" 9726:"Biden administration to launch global coalition to fight fentanyl" 8743: 8741: 8600:

Whitford and Yates. Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda. 72

8556: 8445: 8191:. Saddle River, New Jersey: Financial Times Prentice Hall. p. 7504: 7321: 6446: 5548: 5531:"The Puzzle of the Social Origins of the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937" 5166: 4417:

Golub, Andrew; Bennett, Alex S.; Elliott, Luther (March 30, 2015).

3849: 3265: 3083: 2843: 2232: 2189: 1797: 1482: 1340: 1331: 1207: 667: 640: 612: 554: 30060:

Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act

19899: 19818: 12030:"Why drugs should be not only decriminalised, but fully legalised" 10330:"Not-So-Grand Strategy: America's Failed War on Drugs in Colombia" 10250:

BBC News – Guatemala's president urges debate on drug legalisation

10063:"International Drug Control Policy: Background and U.S. Responses" 9791:"Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Drug Enforcement Administration" 8521:

The New Jim Crow – Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness

7890:"War on Florida Drug Smugglers Is Costly, Political, Makes a Dent" 5883:

Federal narcotics laws and the war on drugs: money down a rat hole

5438:"Letter to the World Narcotic Defense Association. March 21, 1935" 5228: 2966:

yearly overdose deaths, and the drugs involved. There were around

1310:

billion worth of assets had been seized, much of it drug-related.

28152: 22850: 22743: 22333: 21394: 20063: 15649: 15168: 15151: 15146: 15131: 15079: 15069: 15052: 14924: 14765: 14760: 14693: 14619: 14439: 14359: 12275: 12124:

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness

12093:"Connecting the Dots: 10 Disastrous Consequences of the Drug War" 11982: 11343: 10306: 9330:"Summary: H.R.3617 – 117th Congress (2021–2022)" 8058:"How Len Bias's death helped launch the US's unjust war on drugs" 7687:

Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics

7468:"Report: Aide says Nixon's war on drugs targeted blacks, hippies" 6485: 6088:"Did You Know... Marijuana Was Once a Legal Cross-Border Import?" 5766:

Legalizing marijuana: drug policy reform and prohibition politics

5198: 4263: 4261: 3186: 3174: 3166: 2987: 2606:

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness

2550: 2368: 2248: 2211: 2048: 1547:

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness

1286: 998: 806: 708: 652: 596: 27684:

Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992

22779: 14106:

Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America.

13387:"Cato Handbook for Policymakers: The International War on Drugs" 13016:

Juan Forero, "Colombia's Coca Survives U.S. plan to uproot it",

11994:

Punishment and Prejudice: Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs

10160: 9001:"Colorado, Washington first states to legalize recreational pot" 8738: 7410:"Dan Baum, Fired By New Yorker, Recounting His Story On Twitter" 5022:"Narcotic Drug Import and Export Act Law & Legal Definition" 3066:

In the US, current public health-oriented interventions include

2679: 1833: 33100: 29754:

White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships

27334: 24949: 22995: 22739: 22328: 20122: 19959: 19869: 15599: 15533: 15002: 14848: 14828: 14590: 14514: 14479: 14418: 14160: 14048:

Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence.

13973:

Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs

13631:"U.S. Prison System Needs Reform, Does not Meet Intended Goals" 12545:"The 'war on drugs' in numbers: a systematic failure of policy" 10035: 9655: 9460: 6639: 5576: 3985: 3782:"The War on Drugs: How President Nixon Tied Addiction to Crime" 3324: 3315:

Military Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies Act

3277:

Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure

3190: 3082:(SIF), and availability of the opioid overdose-countering drug 2983: 2480: 2312: 2197: 2173: 1625: 1621: 1591: 1401: 940: 772: 699:

journals of the later 1800s were replete with warnings against

683: 648: 595:

in the civilian population began to increase dramatically, and

592: 30007:

Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

22759: 19808: 10349: 9819: 8927:"War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy" 8332:

The Impact of Global Drug Policy on Women: Shifting the Needle

7972: 7018:

WGBH educational foundation. Interview with Dr. Robert Dupoint

6722:

Payan, Tony; Staudt, Kathleen; Kruszewski, Z. Anthony (2013).

5805:

Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence

5124:"Harry J. Anslinger Dies at 83; Hard-Hitting Foe of Narcotics" 4258: 4170:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 36–37. 3575:"War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy" 1685: 817:, and tax revenue, particularly needed after the start of the 761: 607:, well-supported by the middle class, promoting moderation or 27212: 23008: 22943: 20326: 14735: 14573: 14526: 14389: 12944:"The War on Drugs: Methamphetamine, Public Health, and Crime" 11656:"Possess a Joint, Lose Your License": July 1995 Status Report 11601:"States Are Pressed to Suspend Driver Licenses of Drug Users" 7750:"Pop-Culture Legacy of Nancy Reagan's 'Just Say No' Campaign" 6973:(Thesis). UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4468:"How Civil War Medicine Led to America's First Opioid Crisis" 3912:"Inside the Story of America's 19th-Century Opiate Addiction" 2975: 2889:

In mid-1995, the US government tried to reduce the supply of

1931: 1877:

US economic power is focused on the war on drugs through the

1617: 1351:, commonly known as the Len Bias law. According to historian 1282: 1134: 687: 679: 644: 32324: 28712: 27236:

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act

26852:

Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program

22269: 14201: 11187:

Stability: International Journal of Security and Development

10808:

Meyer, Peter J.; Ribando Seelke, Clare (December 17, 2015).

9705:

Paun, Carmen; Schumaker, Erin; Leonard, Ben (July 6, 2023).

8636:"The DEA's war on narco-terrorism just got more complicated" 6221:"Blood, Meth, and Tears: The Super Soldiers of World War II" 5162:"The man behind the marijuana ban for all the wrong reasons" 4922:

general supervision over international narcotics agreements.

4060:

Temperance and Prohibition in America: A Historical Overview

2432:

The war on drugs caused soaring arrest rates in the US that

1063:

added synthetic, prescription and hallucinogenic drugs. The

1014:(1939-1945), in addition to the widespread use of morphine, 974:

While narcotics were under the jurisdiction of the FBN, the

693: 26265: 23201: 23064: 22969: 15624: 15141: 14755: 14624: 14612: 14580: 14398: 14321: 14316: 13371: 12911: 12328:"New Pew Poll Confirms Americans Ready to End War on Drugs" 12298:"America's New Drug Policy Landscape | Pew Research Center" 11754:"The Human Rights Impact of Over-Incarceration in the U.S." 8873: 8222: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8162: 6912:"National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse 1971 Poll" 5259: 4531: 1113:

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

902:

under the headline, "Roosevelt Asks Narcotic War Aid". The

805:, prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and transportation of 776: 623:

Mid-1800s–1909: Proliferation of unregulated drug use

85:(53 years, 3 months, 1 week and 6 days) 30952: 30151: 28023: 14189:

Revealing the missing link to Climate Justice: Drug Policy

13503:"National Drug Control Budget: FY 2024 Funding Highlights" 13178:

Teen drug use down but progress halts among youngest teens

7378: 7145:"The War on Drugs turns 50 today. It's time to make peace" 6611:

IV, ed. 4. (Delaware: Pearson Allyn and Bacon, 2008), 286.

3113:

In the constitution of the multinational non-governmental

2293:, to depose and arrest the Panamanian head of government, 1717:

On December 4, 2020, during the Trump administration, the

1094: 1006:

Amphetamines, harsher penalties, international obligations

993: 29788:

Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

24580:

Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974 and 1976

24350: 24044:

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

22749: 15724:

Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs

15407: 14833: 14600: 14170:(2017 ed.), Washington, D.C.: Author, archived from 12518:"The universally unconstitutional war on drugs (3rd Ed.)" 12442:"A Substantive Due Process Challenge to the War on Drugs" 11223: 9550: 9241: 9139: 7472: 6699: 6425: 6277:"Fast Times: The Life, Death, and Rebirth of Amphetamine" 6253: 6024:. United States Printing Office, Washington. p. 67. 4678:. FDA History – Part I. U.S. Food and Drug Administration 4300: 3704: 3455: 3142:

Considering outright legalization of recreational drugs,

3100:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

2626: 1758: 1339:. The cocaine overdose deaths of rising basketball star 1335:

compared the magnitude of the crack story to Vietnam and

809:, with exceptions for religious and medical use, and the 26984:

Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act

24111:

Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972

23908:

Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

12410:"Poll Results on American Attitudes Toward War on Drugs" 12115: 11967: 11310:

Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction

10564:. RAND Corporation National Security Research Division. 8869:"Where Is Marijuana Legal? Cannabis Laws in Every State" 8159: 6506: 6305:"A Speedy History of America's Addiction to Amphetamine" 5614: 4167:

Forces of habit drugs and the making of the modern world

3950:"Cocaine abuse in North America: a milestone in history" 3745: 3647: 3645: 2391:

Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction

1770:

Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act

898:

reported on President Roosevelt's public support of the

779:

products. Amending the Smoking Opium Exclusion Act, the

553:

As of 2024, the war on drugs continues, with a focus on

30867:

Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014

14082:

Under the Influence: The Disinformation Guide to Drugs.

13915:

William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

13653: 10451:

José Alvear Restrepo Lawyers' Collective February 2008.

9944:"U.S. can't justify its drug war spending, reports say" 9305:"Republicans and Democrats Agree: End the War on Drugs" 9073:"U.N. Conference on Drugs Ends Without Shift in Policy" 8441:"How America's Police Became an Army: The 1033 Program" 8274:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

7776:

Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Arkowitz, Hal (January 1, 2014).

6479:

Hilotin-Lee, J.D., Lyle Therese A. (October 20, 2023).

2963: 1775: 1252:

and his aides began pushing for the involvement of the

30853:

Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act

29957:

Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005

29710:

President's Council on Service and Civic Participation

29641:

Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act

27742:

Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

27287: 27069:

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

23957:

Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act

22523:

Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration

13303: 13036:

The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics

11937: 11396:"The Impact of the War on Drugs on U.S. Incarceration" 11181:

Ledebur, Kathryn; Youngers, Coletta (March 25, 2013).

10441:

Private Security Transnational Enterprises in Colombia

9916:. United States Agency for International Development. 9574:"New U.S. law promises to light up marijuana research" 9122:, Press release, April 21, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-25. 8999:

Coffman, Keith; Neroulias, Nicole (November 6, 2012).

8706:

Jacob Kang-Brown, Chase Montagnet, and Jasmine Heiss.

8427:

Malign Neglect – Race, Crime and Punishment in America

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Robinson, Matthew B. & Scherlen, Renee G. (2007).

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110,500 drug overdose deaths overall in 2022 in the US

1723:

Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act

1129:

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

682:

created and trademarked "Heroin" as the name of their

29795:

Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003

23809:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

19459: 12156:"Why Do Employers Still Routinely Drug-Test Workers?" 11913:

United States Sentencing Commission (February 1995).

11702:

Yates, Jeff; Collins, Todd; Chin, Gabriel J. (1995).

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Hutzler, Alexandra; Gomez, Justin (October 6, 2022).

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CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities

3129: 2570:

Malign Neglect – Race Crime and Punishment in America

1862:, such as corrupt members of the Colombian military. 1460:

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

61:

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration

29407:

Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007

27670:

Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992

26954:

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

25592:

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

24541:

Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

22800:

United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru

22784:

Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists

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Debating the Drug War: Race, Politics, and the Media

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Reagan escalation, militarization, and "Just Say No"

734:, an anti-morphine law was passed in 1860. In 1875, 31591:

Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election

28665: 26977:

Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act

23929:

Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972

23585:

Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants

20250: 19567:

Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis (2002–2009)

14108:

Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1911.

13872:Miron, Jeffrey A. & Waldock, Katherine (2010). 13604:"Data Suggests Drug Treatment can Lower U.S. Crime" 13490:

intelligence effort and very little accountability.

11421:

Development of private prisons in the United States

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A Conversation with President Obama and David Simon

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Under the 220: 27:Global anti-drug campaign led by the United States 30104: 27976: 27816:Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act 25979:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 24823:Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products 24610:Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act 22143:Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars 21241: 14204:– news site focusing on drug war in Latin America 13874:"The Budgetary Impact of Ending Drug Prohibition" 11023: 8216:Hatsukami, DK; Fischman, MW (November 20, 1996). 8215: 8039:: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness 7973:JOHN ENDERS (ASSOCIATED PRESS) (April 18, 1993). 7862:"4-Year Fight in Florida 'Just Can't Stop Drugs'" 6478: 6046: 5097:. 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St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 198. 7966: 7714:. Federal Reserve of Saint Louis. p. 451. 7596:"America Has Lost the War On Drugs. What Now?" 5919:Sullivan, Larry E.; et al., eds. (2005). 5697:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 27. 5528: 4740:"Opium prohibition law in library of congress" 4592:Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda 36 3569: 3567: 3565: 2549:when compared to penalties for trafficking of 1911:news media, wrote a scathing editorial in the 1751:first state to decriminalize a number of drugs 575:Legal history of cannabis in the United States 32444:Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act 32340: 30938: 30137: 28698: 28176:Commerce Department trade mission controversy 28009: 27809:Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 27320: 26635:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 26251: 24965: 24336: 23816:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 23187: 22255: 22148:El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency 20236: 19445: 18562:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 16746: 14245: 14126: 13990: 13562:. 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University Press of America. p. 129. 4967:"The UN Drug Control Conventions – A Primer" 4696:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3845:"Costs in the war on drugs continue to soar" 2591:incarcerated every year in the United States 2301:, drug smuggling, and money laundering. The 2202:Central America Regional Security Initiative 1926:in April of that year. Guatemalan President 1728:Over time, states in the US have approached 1592:International divisions, state-level changes 1402:Hard line maintained and a new opioid crisis 490:that the participating governments, through 29846:Financial Literacy and Education Commission 29469:Government response to September 11 attacks 29455:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act 27832:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 25604:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act 25296:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 25165:International Emergency Economic Powers Act 24651:National Mass Transportation Assistance Act 24030:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act 23643:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 23608:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 14057:New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 14017:Girls, Women, and Crime: Selected Readings. 13905:Paterson, Pat; Robinson, Katy (July 2014). 13676: 13406: 12604: 12027: 11566: 10532: 10271:"Colombia calls for global drugs taskforce" 8689:(BJS). 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The 872:(FBN) was established as an agency of the 794:, with oversight by the newly established 213: 199: 103:Ongoing, widely viewed as a policy failure 31575:2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration 29839:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act 29462:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 29096:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement 27895:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 27222:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act 27157:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 27141:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 27053:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 26721:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 26714:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 25565:Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 25458:Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 25195:Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War 23846:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act 23140:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front 22419:1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm 18175:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 14259: 13577:"Ending the War on Drugs: By the Numbers" 13447:. 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See 23615:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 23165:) is being considered for deletion. 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This will be a worldwide offensive. 484:illegal drug trade in the United States 14: 33293:United States–South American relations 33185: 31607:January 6 United States Capitol attack 29964:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 29574:Secondary Security Screening Selection 28456:Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Regulation 26787:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 26778:Office of National Drug Control Policy 25513:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 24875:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 24868:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act 24635:Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974 24527:National Security Study Memorandum 200 24037:National Ambient Air Quality Standards 23715:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 22660:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path 22622:Women in the internal conflict in Peru 21623: 15901:Office of National Drug Control Policy 15689:International drug control conventions 14213:Major Studies of Drugs and Drug Policy 13814: 13763: 13641:from the original on November 22, 2012 13570: 13568: 13560:Drugs and society: U. S. public policy 13511:Office of National Drug Control Policy 13361:Office of National Drug Control Policy 12861:Bloodworth, James (December 7, 2021). 12704: 12380: 12208: 12206: 12153: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12143: 12090: 11949:Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs 11803:from the original on September 5, 2017 11788: 11402:from the original on November 28, 2008 11101: 11073:"Observer; Is This Justice Necessary?" 11002:from the original on November 29, 2012 10863: 10836:Goette-Luciak, CD (January 11, 2024). 10734:from the original on November 10, 2018 10704:from the original on November 12, 2018 10538: 10407: 10384:Weiser, Benjamin. (September 5, 2012) 10011:from the original on December 22, 2016 9876:"National Drug Threat Assessment 2024" 9623: 9597: 9571: 9495:from the original on November 22, 2020 9482: 9302:Kristof, Nicholas (November 7, 2020). 8971:. Whitehouse.gov (September 21, 2012). 8785: 8685:(NCJ 251211). 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(December 1, 2021). 4465: 4305:Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press 4234:The Editorial Board (April 21, 2018). 4184:from the original on 8 September 2017. 3842: 3809: 3807: 3779: 3733:from the original on December 12, 2013 3534: 3193:, and $ 5.4 billion from other drugs. 2999:National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2954:National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2514: 2125:Mexican troops during a gun battle in 2045:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 1828: 1436:Office of National Drug Control Policy 1329:declared crack the issue of the year. 603:consumption steadily grew, as did the 33278:Drug control law in the United States 32429:Classified Information Procedures Act 32328: 31484:Mueller special counsel investigation 31405:Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal 30926: 30125: 29504:National Construction Safety Team Act 29263:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty 28686: 27997: 27308: 27229:Surface Transportation Assistance Act 26968:The Emergency Food Assistance Program 26845:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 26730:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 26239: 26029:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 25815:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 25263:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 25251:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 24953: 24736:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board 24377:VP confirmation of Nelson Rockefeller 24324: 23993:Environmental Quality Improvement Act 23765:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970 23650:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 23175: 23033: 22650: 22499: 22310: 22243: 22116: 22115: 21872: 21622: 21393: 21240: 21137: 21033: 20903: 20805: 20709: 20585: 20487: 20486: 20357: 20327:SEIDO (organized crime investigation) 20288: 20224: 20132: 19803: 19644: 19502: 19433: 16734: 16092: 15670: 15242:List of cannabis rights organizations 15189: 14271: 14233: 13827:from the original on January 29, 2017 13817:"Numbers Tell of Failure in Drug War" 13574: 12902:from the original on January 30, 2017 12882: 12740:Mitchell, Ojmarrh (January 1, 2009). 12638: 12352: 12308:from the original on October 29, 2018 12268: 12241:McCluskey, Megan (October 20, 2021). 12000:from the original on February 7, 2010 11739:American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 11629: 11502: 11272: 11070: 10957:Saviano, Roberto (February 9, 2024). 10780:Rosen, Liana W. (February 25, 2021). 10779: 10401: 10300:Rampton, Roberta (February 4, 2016). 10281:from the original on October 16, 2013 10138:International Review of the Red Cross 10060: 9624:Fertig, Natalie (November 16, 2022). 9572:Wadman, Meredith (December 2, 2022). 9525:from the original on February 2, 2021 9423: 9375: 9288:American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 9269: 9263: 9207: 8866: 8726:"Ten Years After 'The New Jim Crow.'" 8700: 8633: 8620:American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 8603: 8439:Wofford, Taylor (February 25, 2016). 8137:Lampe, Joanna R. (January 19, 2023). 8136: 7553: 7434: 7389:from the original on January 26, 2017 7116: 7087: 6938: 6783:"Nixon Signs Drug Abuse Control Bill" 6369:A Century of American Narcotic Policy 6274: 6172:Swann, J.P. (January–February 1997). 6171: 6114: 5690: 5501: 5444:from the original on February 3, 2012 5379: 5293: 5159: 5117: 5090: 4993:Klein, Christopher (March 28, 2023). 4992: 4586: 4584: 4555: 4553: 4493: 4291: 4246:from the original on January 22, 2019 4236:"Opinion – An Opioid Crisis Foretold" 4112: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3792:from the original on November 5, 2012 3693: 3691: 3618:from the original on January 15, 2018 3469: 3352:United Nations Drug Control Programme 3136:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 2483:offenses in general, include loss of 2355:In 2001, a US-led military coalition 2260:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 2133:claims nearly 50,000 lives each year. 1955: 1753:, including heroin, methamphetamine, 1650:International Narcotics Control Board 1313: 1029:International Narcotics Control Board 547:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 194: 31491:Durham special counsel investigation 31086:State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsberg 30791:Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 30037:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act 29936:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule 29553:U.S. Department of Homeland Security 27867:National Environmental Education Act 27090:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 26801:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 25481:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 25423:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act 24905:Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 24688:Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 24665:Commodity Futures Trading Commission 23555:Minority Business Development Agency 23100:Sandinista National Liberation Front 22607:San Cristóbal of Huamanga University 22543:Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori 22414:1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima 22063:Journalists and media workers killed 19624:Renewed peace process (2012–present) 14164:Drugs of abuse: A DEA resource guide 14133:National Drug Threat Assessment 2009 14060: 14055:The Drug Wars in America, 1940–1973. 14022: 13969: 13610:from the original on August 17, 2012 13472:"The Drug War: Where the Money Goes" 13259: 13150:from the original on August 15, 2019 12984: 12654:from the original on August 27, 2018 12490:"This is Your Constitution on Drugs" 12154:Engber, Daniel (December 27, 2015). 11955:from the original on August 16, 2014 11526:from the original on October 8, 2017 11508: 11388: 11244: 11207: 10885: 10505: 10460: 10029: 9923:from the original on January 9, 2016 9649:Sinclair, Sarah (January 18, 2024). 9639: 9376:Adams, Benjamin M. (April 1, 2022). 9280: 8857: 8798:from the original on January 1, 2015 8612: 8571:"Fentanyl Flow to the United States" 8466: 8311:from the original on August 23, 2006 8172:Burton-Rose (ed.), 1998: pp. 246–247 8127: 7860:Brinkley, Joel (September 4, 1986). 7645:"Drug Abuse Message to the Congress" 7030: 6791:. Associated Press. October 28, 1970 6740: 6684: 6303:Blakemore, Erin (October 27, 2017). 5939:from the original on January 8, 2016 5900:from the original on January 8, 2016 5861:from the original on January 8, 2016 5822:from the original on January 8, 2016 5783:from the original on January 8, 2016 5111: 5036: 4525:Chasin, Alexandra (April 14, 2017). 4466:Little, Becky (September 13, 2023). 4335:"'Drink' and 'Her Best-Kept Secret'" 4279:from the original on January 6, 2019 3924:from the original on January 5, 2019 3864: 3697: 3502:PS: Political Science & Politics 3448: 3407: 3294:Covert activities and foreign policy 2777:International Drug Policy Consortium 2756:. Thirty years into the campaign, a 2327: 2172:The countries of Central America – 1776:The War continues, focus on fentanyl 1174:Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement 838:Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act 32376:Vice President of the United States 32367:46th President of the United States 29726:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 29203:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act 28361:North American Free Trade Agreement 27800:U.S. Global Change Research Program 26836:United States Sentencing Commission 25842:Continuity of Government Commission 25351:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 25318:Federal Emergency Management Agency 24642:Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula 24097:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 23862:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act 23569:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 23500:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement 22670:Militarized Communist Party of Peru 22538:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 22169:Allegations of CIA drug trafficking 21873: 20317:Fuerzas Especiales (special forces) 19536:Patriotic Union Party extermination 14219:Historical Research on the Drug War 14137:United States Department of Justice 14113:Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography. 14091:Binghamton, NY: Haworn Press, 2006. 13849:. Prohibition Costs. Archived from 13565: 13470:Dreyfuss, Bob (December 11, 1997). 13445:"Alcohol Prohibition Was a Failure" 12203: 12140: 11923:United States Sentencing Commission 11630:Aiken, Joshua (December 12, 2016), 11216: 10923:Collyns, Dan (September 12, 2023). 10617:from the original on April 24, 2009 10589:Washington Office on Latin America 10327: 9483:Selsky, Andrew (November 4, 2020). 9318:from the original on June 28, 2021. 8724:Remnick, David (January 17, 2020). 8367:Foldvary, Fred E. (July 15, 2013). 8044: 8023: 7294:United States Department of Justice 6967:Heddleston, Thomas R. (June 2012). 6028:from the original on March 13, 2016 6013: 5711:from the original on April 24, 2016 5401: 5322:Moynihan, Colin (August 10, 2020). 5278: 5181: 5160:Adams, Cydney (November 17, 2016). 5148: 4844:Kamieński, Łukasz (March 7, 2019). 4630: 4527:"The Man Who Declared War On Drugs" 4515: 4361: 3947: 3804: 3719: 3496:Scherlen, Renee (January 4, 2012). 3300:Allegations of CIA drug trafficking 2979:stimulants not prescribed to them. 2930:According to data collected by the 2872:, had come to similar conclusions. 2589:Approximately 1 million people are 2555:United States Sentencing Commission 2231:In 2012, the US sent DEA agents to 1768:In 2022, Biden signed into law the 1690:In 2018, Trump signed into law the 1052:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1041:United States Sentencing Commission 935:– to head off cheap competition to 862:Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 24: 31582:National Garden of American Heroes 31477:Classified information disclosures 31079:State funeral of George H. W. Bush 29878:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 29774:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 29145:Dominican Republic–Central America 28644:← George H. W. Bush administration 27786:Global Change Research Act of 1990 27756:Integrated Farm Management Program 25908:We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land 25391:Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 25386:Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 25205:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 24809:Energy Policy and Conservation Act 24729:Securities Acts Amendments of 1975 23950:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act 23869:Securities Investor Protection Act 23802:Occupational Safety and Health Act 23786:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 23708:District of Columbia Home Rule Act 23042:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement 22374:1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima 21034: 20904: 20371: 20289: 15794:Law Enforcement Action Partnership 13934: 13354:"National Drug and Control Budget" 13187:from the original on July 24, 2011 13120:from the original on July 30, 2019 12992:"2005 Coca Estimates for Colombia" 12213:DePillis, Lydia (March 10, 2015). 12103:from the original on June 23, 2019 11083:from the original on June 16, 2008 11071:Baker, Russell (January 3, 1990). 10571:from the original on March 4, 2016 10506:Bowe, Rebecca (October 27, 2004). 10231:from the original on April 2, 2012 10188:Gorriti, Gustavo (June 14, 2021). 10061:Rosen, Liana W. (March 16, 2015). 8634:Beith, Malcolm (August 29, 2016). 8056:Gelber, Jonathan (June 29, 2021). 7954:from the original on June 27, 2019 7888:Pincus, Walter (October 7, 1982). 7649:The American Presidency Project – 7355:from the original on July 30, 2017 6695:"Timeline: America's War on Drugs" 6068:from the original on March 4, 2016 6019: 6001:from the original on April 2, 2015 5570:Glick, Daniel (December 6, 2016). 5418:from the original on July 23, 2011 5118:Krebs, Albin (November 18, 1975). 4825:. Drug Reform Coordination Network 4823:"Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, 1914" 4633:Journal of American Ethnic History 4581: 4550: 4113:Braun, Richard L. (January 1991). 4057:Aaron, Paul; Musto, David (1981). 3992: 3966:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb04661.x 3936: 3910:Trickey, Erick (January 4, 2018). 3688: 3470:Lopez, German (January 30, 2017). 3430:(Committee on Drugs & the Law) 3246:Law Enforcement Action Partnership 3130:Decriminalization and legalization 3076:Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion 2982:A 2013 study found that prices of 2428:Incarceration in the United States 2397: 2167: 2104:Washington Office on Latin America 1743:legalized cannabis for medical use 1507: 1462:. The Act introduced the federal " 1440:National Defense Authorization Act 1289:, the FBI and other agencies, and 25: 33324: 30119:to help reach a consensus. › 29448:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act 28680:to help reach a consensus. › 27991:to help reach a consensus. › 27302:to help reach a consensus. › 27178:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 26233:to help reach a consensus. › 25185:Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 24786:Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 24318:to help reach a consensus. › 24065:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970 24000:National Environmental Policy Act 23169:to help reach a consensus. › 22079:(physician / politician) 20710: 19629:Peace agreement referendum (2016) 17571:Director of National Intelligence 15811:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 14195: 14084:The Disinformation Company, 2004. 13886:from the original on May 12, 2013 13231:from the original on July 8, 2011 12056:"How to construct an underclass, 11611:from the original on July 4, 2018 11546:"Crime in the United States 2019" 10643:from the original on May 14, 2011 10591:"Colombia: Don't Call it a Model" 10469:. Duke University Press. p. 9724:Wilkinson, Tracy (July 7, 2023). 9598:Jaeger, Kyle (December 2, 2022). 9180:Beckett, Lois (August 21, 2017). 9132:Laura Jarrett (January 4, 2018), 8687:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics 8615:"The Drug War Is the New Jim Cro" 8492:Farley, Robert (April 12, 2016). 8400:"Drug Buy Set Up For Bush Speech" 8344:10.1108/978-1-83982-882-920200003 8084:Rogers' death is a second warning 7530:Lopez, German (March 29, 2016b). 7498:Hanson, Hilary (March 25, 2016). 7447:from the original on May 30, 2017 7289:"Drug Enforcement Administration" 7097:– The American Presidency Project 6662:Newell, Walker (April 26, 2013). 6162:. Ah Ha Publishing, Van Nuys, CA. 5072:from the original on May 21, 2011 3371:As a party to the United Nations 2668: 2499:, loss of eligibility to live in 2448:Graph demonstrating increases in 1872:three UN drug control conventions 1375:. According to historian Hinton, 876:by an act of June 14, 1930, with 33193:Drug policy of the United States 33167: 33166: 31419:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 29655:Criticism of government response 29634:Higher Education Opportunity Act 29525:President's Surveillance Program 27911:Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 27705:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 27083:Expedited Funds Availability Act 27032:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 26877:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act 26642:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 26627:We begin bombing in five minutes 26202: 26201: 25555:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 25433:National Aquaculture Act of 1980 25418:Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 25284:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 24979: 24854:Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 24051:New Source Performance Standards 23986:Council on Environmental Quality 23133: 23121: 23107: 23093: 23080: 23069: 23057: 23036: 23014: 23001: 22988: 22975: 22962: 22949: 22936: 22916: 22877: 22778: 22768: 22758: 22748: 22738: 22726: 22714: 22695: 22685: 22674: 22664: 22654: 21347:Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez 20115: 20102: 20089: 20069: 19898: 19888: 19878: 19868: 19851: 19827: 19817: 19807: 19761:Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola (2001) 19673:Colombia–United States relations 19583:Parapolitics scandal (2006–2007) 19557:Failed peace process (1999–2002) 17727:Government Accountability Office 15816:Transform Drug Policy Foundation 15710:Other treaties addressing drugs 15190: 13976:. London; New York: Bloomsbury. 13898: 13865: 13839: 13815:Porter, Eduardo (July 3, 2012). 13808: 13783: 13757: 13729: 13716: 13689: 13682:Huddleston, C. West III, et al. 13622: 13596: 13552: 13539: 13526: 13495: 13463: 13437: 13423: 13378: 13346: 13297: 13278: 13254:National Institute on Drug Abuse 13217: 13199: 13162: 13132: 13102: 13061: 13023: 13010: 12935: 12918: 12854: 12792: 12780: 12733: 12698: 12666: 12632: 12598: 12568: 12543:Chalabi, Mona (April 16, 2016). 12536: 12515: 12509: 12481: 12462: 12430: 12402: 12374: 12353:Qamar, Zoha (October 14, 2022). 12346: 12320: 12290: 12262: 12234: 12175: 12091:Newman, Tony (January 3, 2013). 12047: 12021: 12012: 11990:"I. Summary and Recommendations" 11906: 11879: 11815: 11763: 11746: 11726: 11695: 11667: 11647: 11623: 11593: 11588:Journal of Gender, Race, Justice 11538: 11462: 11453: 11425: 11414: 11398:. Human Rights Watch. May 2000. 11337: 11325: 11294: 11266: 11238: 11217:Fox, Kara (September 29, 2021). 11150:Lindsay, Reed (March 25, 2003). 11129: 11102:Rohter, Larry (April 10, 1992). 11064: 11014: 10984: 10950: 10916: 10864:Romero, Simon (April 21, 2008). 10857: 10829: 10801: 10773: 10746: 10716: 10686: 10655: 10629: 10603: 10583: 10547: 10499: 10433: 10378: 10328:Lee, Brendon (January 9, 2020). 10321: 10293: 10243: 10213: 10181: 10153: 10125: 10097: 10085: 10054: 10023: 9992: 9966: 9935: 9899: 9868: 9841: 9813: 9789:Milgram, Anne (April 27, 2023). 9782: 9754: 9736: 9717: 9698: 9670: 9591: 9565: 9544:Campbell, Josh (April 1, 2024). 9537: 9507: 9448: 9369: 9350: 9322: 9295: 9229: 9208:Laslo, Matt (January 19, 2018). 9201: 9173: 9145: 9125: 9113: 9082: 9065: 9037: 9018: 8992: 8974: 8955: 8943:Principles of Modern Drug Policy 8936: 8919: 8888: 8754: 8717: 8627: 8594: 8563: 8526: 8513: 8485: 8460: 8432: 8419: 8391: 8360: 8323: 8269:"Cocaine and crack drug profile" 8261: 8236:10.1001/jama.1996.03540190052029 8209: 8114: 8088: 8077: 7995: 7935: 7909: 7881: 7853: 7825: 7797: 7778:"Why "Just Say No" Doesn't Work" 7769: 7741: 7732: 7703: 7678: 7665: 7643:Carter, Jimmy (August 2, 1977). 7636: 7608: 7587: 7491: 7466:LoBianco, Tom (March 24, 2016). 7459: 7435:Lopez, German (March 22, 2016). 7428: 7401: 7371: 7337: 7309: 7281: 7253: 7240: 7207: 7171:Rosino, Michael (January 2021). 7164: 7136: 7117:Nixon, Richard (June 17, 1971). 7110: 7088:Nixon, Richard (June 17, 1971). 7081: 7053: 7037:Timeline: America's War on Drugs 6984: 6932: 6904: 6863: 6803: 6775: 6734: 6715: 6655: 6627: 6614: 6601: 6574: 6547: 6500: 6472: 6440: 6413: 6387: 6247:Holland, James (June 25, 2019). 6219:Racine, Nicholas (Spring 2019). 6093:US Customs and Border Protection 5886:. Psychology Press. p. 26. 5508:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 5380:Smith, Benjamin T. (June 2021). 5294:Sinha, Jay (February 21, 2001). 5044:"Drugs, The Law, and The Future" 4269:"The United States War on Drugs" 3954:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 3780:Dufton, Emily (March 26, 2012). 3605: 3580:Global Commission on Drug Policy 3387: 3241:Latin American drug legalization 2829: 2625:during a sting operation by the 2524:Racial disparities in sentencing 2450:United States incarceration rate 1896: 1842:United States Secretary of State 1582:Global Commission on Drug Policy 1343:, and young NFL football player 1135:1971–present: The "War on Drugs" 543:Global Commission on Drug Policy 468:United States federal government 149: 119: 49: 33248:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 33091:Hunter Biden laptop controversy 33076:Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory 32639:state and territorial officials 31199:Anonymous senior official op-ed 30901:← George W. Bush administration 30051:Renewable Identification Number 29869:Forest Land Enhancement Program 29811:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act 29733:Public Service Loan Forgiveness 29511:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation 28653:George W. Bush administration → 27336:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 27295:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 27039:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 25994:Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize 25820:Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House 25793:Presidential Library and Museum 25226:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 25212:Diplomatic relations with China 24088:Coastal Zone Management Program 24009:Environmental Protection Agency 23772:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 23687:Federal Contested Elections Act 23671:Drug Enforcement Administration 23629:End Stage Renal Disease Program 22505:Government policies and actions 22444:Japanese embassy hostage crisis 22339:Chuschi ballot burning incident 21570:José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo 21088:Francisco Javier Arellano Félix 21069:Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix 20586: 20252:Mexican drug war (2006–present) 19598:Andean diplomatic crisis (2008) 16649:Regulation of therapeutic goods 16573:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 16134:Opium production in Afghanistan 13207:"The DEA Position On Marijuana" 12605:Friesendorf, Cornelius (2007). 11674:Schlosser, Eric (August 1994). 11551:Federal Bureau of Investigation 11475:New England Journal of Medicine 11245:Hall, Abigail (July 20, 2015). 10759:Drug Enforcement Administration 10724:"U.S. Image Rebounds in Mexico" 10269:Vulliamy, Ed (April 15, 2012). 10166:Drug Enforcement Administration 9942:Bennett, Brian (June 9, 2011). 9884:Drug Enforcement Administration 9854:Drug Enforcement Administration 9799:Drug Enforcement Administration 8579:Drug Enforcement Administration 8304:Drug Enforcement Administration 7748:Stuart, Tessa (March 7, 2016). 7615:Sullum, Jacob (June 17, 2011). 7408:Linkins, Jason (June 8, 2009). 7317:"John D. Ehrlichman Dead At 73" 7221:that followed the USA's stance. 7143:Farber, David (June 17, 2021). 7123:The American Presidency Project 6939:Downs, David (April 19, 2016). 6741:Gill, Molly M. (October 2008). 6356: 6324: 6296: 6275:Hicks, Jesse (April 15, 2012). 6268: 6240: 6212: 6165: 6147: 6115:Downs, David (April 19, 2016). 6108: 6080: 6058:University of Wisconsin-Madison 6040: 5987: 5951: 5912: 5873: 5834: 5795: 5763:Gerber, Rudolph Joseph (2004). 5756: 5723: 5684: 5653: 5522: 5485: 5468:Schaffer Library of Drug Policy 5456: 5430: 5373: 5345: 5315: 5246: 5084: 5058: 4986: 4958: 4927: 4863: 4837: 4815: 4789: 4762: 4704: 4667: 4596: 4487: 4459: 4435:10.3934/publichealth.2015.1.142 4410: 4383: 4355: 4106: 4079: 4063:. National Academies Press (US) 4050: 3836: 3773: 3535:Doward, Jamie (April 2, 2016). 3378: 3214:Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue 3034: 2870:Office of Technology Assessment 2806: 2458:New England Journal of Medicine 2404:United States prison population 2347:Opium production in Afghanistan 2289:with 25,000 American troops in 1698:In 2020, both the ACLU and the 1299:Comprehensive Crime Control Act 1246:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1181:Drug Enforcement Administration 907:convincing states to adopt it. 900:Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act 842:Federal Narcotics Control Board 825:was repealed by passage of the 703:. As medical advances like the 694:America's "first opioid crisis" 482:, with the aim of reducing the 31463:Federal government data breach 31391:Proposed invasion of Venezuela 30832:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act 30023:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act 29943:SAFE Transportation Equity Act 29906:Pension Protection Act of 2006 29740:Unborn Victims of Violence Act 29703:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act 29625:Election Assistance Commission 29532:Terrorist Surveillance Program 29441:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 28936:State funeral of Ronald Reagan 28539:Telecommunications Act of 1996 28484:White House Millennium Council 28395:Cruise missile strikes on Iraq 27763:Stewardship Incentives Program 27111:Dairy Export Incentive Program 25885:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 25411:Right to Financial Privacy Act 25346:Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 25115:Solar power at the White House 24996:President of the United States 24125:Endangered Species Act of 1973 24118:Endangered Species Act of 1969 23722:Congressional Research Service 23302:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford 22764:International Communist League 22186:Most-wanted Mexican drug lords 21111:Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano 20674:Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez 19700:Illegal drug trade in Colombia 19526:Palace of Justice siege (1985) 19521:Dominican Embassy siege (1980) 19370:Separation of church and state 17586:National Reconnaissance Office 17529:President of the United States 16597:of tobacco or other substances 14146:Congressional Research Service 13994:American University Law Review 13742:World Federation Against Drugs 13575:Pearl, Betsy (June 27, 2018). 12415:American Civil Liberties Union 12381:Slisco, Aila (June 10, 2021). 11020:Cockburn and St. Clair, 1998: 10901:Congressional Research Service 10815:Congressional Research Service 10787:Congressional Research Service 10672:Congressional Research Service 10110:Congressional Research Service 10071:Congressional Research Service 9999:Vulliamy, Ed (April 3, 2011). 9907:"Colombia Program At-A-Glance" 9405:"State Medical Marijuana Laws" 8751:, February 12, 2001, pp. 37–43 8144:Congressional Research Service 7922:Shaffer Library of Drug Policy 7738:Scott and Marshall, 1991: p. 2 7345:"Dan Baum – Harper's Magazine" 7027:. Pbs.org (February 18, 1970). 5358:Congressional Research Service 4140:"Heroin, Morphine and Opiates" 3843:Chinni, Dante (July 2, 2023). 3599: 3528: 3489: 3463: 3442: 3365: 3342:Continuing Criminal Enterprise 3115:World Federation Against Drugs 2943:In 2005, the federally funded 2468:dangerous nonnarcotic drugs". 2351:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 2340: 1677:(2017-2021), Attorney General 1538:American Civil Liberties Union 678:contained cocaine until 1903; 512:... It will be government-wide 13: 1: 33283:United States–Asian relations 32354: 31568:Photo op at St. John's Church 31447:White House COVID-19 outbreak 31412:Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 31109:commutation of Jaime Davidson 30910:Donald Trump administration → 30636:Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act 29927:Troubled Asset Relief Program 29818:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 29546:Homeland Security Act of 2002 27206:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit 27192:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver 27134:Internal Revenue Code of 1986 27076:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 27046:Agriculture Mediation Program 26898:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 26808:Coastal Barrier Resources Act 26082:(2002 television documentary) 25959:Presidential Medal of Freedom 24800:Nuclear Regulatory Commission 23943:Federal Energy Administration 23694:Federal Election Campaign Act 23479:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 22858:National Intelligence Service 22344:Deng Xiaoping's dogs incident 22216:2015 Amado checkpoint protest 21243:Jalisco New Generation Cartel 21138: 20929:Jalisco New Generation Cartel 16629:Needle and syringe programmes 16578:Long-term effects of cannabis 15979:Psilocybin mushrooms legality 15906:School district drug policies 13764:jstaff (September 20, 2023). 13110:"BOP Statistics: Inmate Race" 12758:10.1080/0735648X.2009.9721268 12488:Shapiro, Ilya (Summer 2020). 12269:Davis, Leesa (May 18, 2022). 12188:National Institutes of Health 11789:Abrams, Jim (July 29, 2010). 11514:"A reality check on drug use" 11364:10.1080/07853890.2022.2100926 10524:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 10512:E: The Environmental Magazine 10364:U.S. House of Representatives 10259:. Bbc.co.uk (March 25, 2012). 9281:Ofer, Udi (January 6, 2021). 8786:Fields, Gary (May 14, 2009). 8667:World Prison Population Lists 8661:Walmsley, Roy (30 Jan 2009). 8296:"DEA History Book, 1985–1990" 7232:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 7199:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 7060:Buckley, Tom (June 6, 1971). 5802:Earleywine, Mitchell (2005). 5730:Evans, Sterling, ed. (2006). 4995:"The Night Prohibition Ended" 4890:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62234-0 3698:Mann, Brian (June 17, 2021). 3449:Mann, Brian (June 17, 2021). 3428:New York City Bar Association 3400: 3197:and lost productivity costs. 3092:National Drug Court Institute 2689:cannabis in the United States 2684: 2637:Drug testing in the workplace 2581:Permanent underclass creation 1586:heads of state and government 1050:In 1961, the United Nations' 969:Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman 874:US Department of the Treasury 858:Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman 32:War on drugs (disambiguation) 33303:United States federal policy 33258:Presidency of George W. Bush 29588:Terrorist Screening Database 29539:NSA warrantless surveillance 29386:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004 29231:Vision for Space Exploration 28943:State funeral of Gerald Ford 28714:Presidency of George W. Bush 28673:Presidency of George W. Bush 27250:Video Privacy Protection Act 27104:Conservation Reserve Program 26707:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 26612:Strategic Defense Initiative 26035:Georgia State Capitol statue 25453:Trade Agreements Act of 1979 25376:Electronic Fund Transfer Act 25306:U.S. Department of Education 25236:1980 Summer Olympics boycott 24674:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act 24566:Equal Credit Opportunity Act 24104:Marine Mammal Protection Act 24016:Clean Air Amendments of 1970 23636:Supplemental Security Income 23578:Education Amendments of 1972 22533:Forced sterilization in Peru 22324:Founding of the Shining Path 22221:2018 Chimney Canyon shootout 21398:Other cartels and drug lords 21005:Juan José Esparragoza Moreno 20274: 19766:Rodriquez v. Drummond (2003) 19572:El Nogal Club bombing (2003) 17732:Government Publishing Office 17200:Technological and industrial 15699:1971 Psychotropic Substances 13960:Resources in other libraries 13582:Center for American Progress 13433:. Reason.com. July 15, 2021. 12746:Journal of Crime and Justice 12122:Alexander, Michelle (2010). 11996:. Human Rights Watch. 2000. 10508:"The drug war on the Amazon" 10335:Harvard International Review 10030:Spak, Kevin (June 9, 2011). 9761:MND Staff (April 28, 2023). 7710:98th Congress, 1st Session. 6879:Denver University Law Review 6159:The Emperor Wears No Clothes 5969:. South End Press. pp. 4200:McKendry, Joe (March 2019). 4142:. history.com. June 10, 2019 4073:National Library of Medicine 3880:UN Office on Drugs and Crime 3654:Crime, Law and Social Change 3336:Government agencies and laws 2714:Legality of the War on Drugs 2663:Department of Transportation 2652:National Academy of Sciences 2477:Solomon–Lautenberg amendment 2221:anti-drug efforts in Ecuador 1866:UN treaties and US influence 1600:California Attorney General 1318:As the media focused on the 1081:Bureau of Drug Abuse Control 1047:, and child sex offenses.". 976:Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 960:New York Academy of Medicine 921:American Medical Association 756:Food and Drug Administration 752:US Department of Agriculture 7: 33243:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 33228:Presidency of Richard Nixon 32264:Dismissals and resignations 29609:FISA Amendments Act of 2008 29602:Protect America Act of 2007 29393:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004 28511:Balanced Budget Act of 1997 27793:National Climate Assessment 26919:Minerals Management Service 26771:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 26764:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 26267:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 26226:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 26173:(first cousin once removed) 25491:Synthetic Fuels Corporation 24830:Strategic Petroleum Reserve 24587:Federal Election Commission 24081:Coastal Zone Management Act 23839:Consumer Product Safety Act 23622:National Cancer Act of 1971 23260:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit 23203:Presidency of Richard Nixon 23162:Presidency of Richard Nixon 22528:National Population Program 22449:Operation Chavín de Huántar 21498:Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo 21368:Rosalinda González Valencia 21301:Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas 21173:Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar 20557:José de Jesús Méndez Vargas 20322:Policía Federal Ministerial 19987:Military Forces of Colombia 19531:DAS Building bombing (1989) 19204:Women's reproductive health 18170:Federally recognized tribes 18033:Public utilities commission 17937:Public Health Service Corps 17840:Code of Federal Regulations 17722:Congressional Budget Office 17576:Central Intelligence Agency 17482:Water supply and sanitation 16909:Declaration of Independence 16487:Pharmaceutical distribution 16124:Coca production in Colombia 15575:Counterculture of the 1960s 14012:Common Courage Press, 1998. 13419:. Reason.com. May 13, 2022. 13322:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003077 13275:. Whitehousedrugpolicy.gov. 11974:Human Rights Watch (2000). 11829:. p. 6. Archived from 11488:10.1056/NEJM199402033300513 10754:"North and Central America" 9976:. DrugSense. Archived from 8867:Avery, Dan (May 31, 2023). 8850:September 22, 2014, at the 8549:University of Chicago Press 7685:Beckett, Katherine (1997). 7005:Central Intelligence Agency 6748:Federal Sentencing Reporter 6728:University of Arizona Press 6464:(3): 28 – via JSTOR. 6457:Federal Sentencing Reporter 5462: 5203:University of Chicago Press 5120:Sulzberger Sr., Arthur Ochs 4603:Brecher, Edward M. (1972). 4362:Lee, Ella (July 25, 2021). 3524:– via Cambridge Core. 3200: 3007:Centers for Disease Control 2938: 2783:, former prime minister of 2747: 2707: 2599:strip them of voting rights 1937: 1704:presidential campaign trail 1297:In 1984, Reagan signed the 1254:Central Intelligence Agency 1242:presidency of Ronald Reagan 1179:In 1973, Nixon created the 870:Federal Bureau of Narcotics 801:In 1919, the US passed the 686:product. In the 1890s, the 144:Allies of the United States 10: 33329: 33268:Presidency of Donald Trump 33263:Presidency of Barack Obama 33253:Presidency of Bill Clinton 33238:Presidency of Jimmy Carter 33066:Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot 32992:Intro to Political Science 32924:State of the Union Address 32894:Tomorrow Will Be Different 32439:Violence Against Women Act 32114:Paris Agreement withdrawal 31433:COVID-19 pandemic response 31185:Operation Faithful Patriot 31072:presidential proclamations 30954:Presidency of Donald Trump 30553:Killing of Osama bin Laden 30342:Presidential proclamations 30153:Presidency of Barack Obama 30112:Presidency of Barack Obama 30030:Healthy Forests Initiative 29671:Medicare Modernization Act 29581:Terrorist Screening Center 29476:Rescue and recovery effort 29312:August 2001 daily briefing 28929:Presidential proclamations 28546:Communications Decency Act 28375:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 28222:Presidential proclamations 28025:Presidency of Bill Clinton 27984:Presidency of Bill Clinton 27498:Presidential proclamations 26912:Medical Waste Tracking Act 26905:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 26389:Presidential proclamations 26015:Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue 25974:Philadelphia Liberty Medal 25639:State of the Union Address 25550:Antarctic Conservation Act 25366:Community Reinvestment Act 24861:Forestry Incentive Program 24463:Presidential Proclamations 24243:Senate Watergate Committee 23823:Permissible exposure limit 23601:Rehabilitation Act of 1973 23346:Presidential Proclamations 22863:Special Intelligence Group 22691:Red Mantaro Base Committee 22560:Illegal drug trade in Peru 22349:Assault of Ayacucho prison 22085:Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez 21333:Antonio Oseguera Cervantes 21296:Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes 21261:Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes 21012:Ignacio Coronel Villarreal 20435:Sergio Villarreal Barragán 20206:Some Colombian politicians 19975:Some Colombian politicians 18382:Red states and blue states 18287:City commission government 18282:Council–manager government 16659:Substance abuse prevention 16634:Opioid replacement therapy 14127:Government and NGO reports 14067:Gender, Race & Justice 14025:Gender, Race & Justice 13686:, Vol. 1, Num. 1, May 2004 13670:February 13, 2009, at the 13558:Fish, J. M. (Ed.) (2006). 13532:Fish, J. M. (Ed.) (1998). 13290:December 27, 2022, at the 13271:December 27, 2022, at the 13039:. New York: W. W. Norton. 11945:"Key Findings at a Glance" 11866:November 20, 2017, at the 11770:Inciardi, James A (2008). 11636:, Prison Policy Initiative 11077:The New York Times Company 9363:February 10, 2021, at the 8822:November 20, 2017, at the 7023:September 5, 2017, at the 6858:Frontline (U.S. TV series) 6852:February 24, 2011, at the 5847:. SUNY Press. p. 12. 5361:. April 7, 2022. p. 2 4797:"Opium Throughout History" 4775:Office of Justice Programs 3753:"Nixon Calls War on Drugs" 3236:Drugs in the United States 3110:supply-side war on drugs. 3080:supervised injection sites 3038: 2847:and the War on Drugs, The 2810: 2711: 2672: 2527: 2495:, loss of eligibility for 2491:, loss of eligibility for 2439:for-profit prison industry 2425: 2344: 2285:On December 20, 1989, the 2114: 1983:United States involvement 1948:Paramilitarism in Colombia 1941: 1320:emergence of crack cocaine 1259:Early in the Reagan term, 1025:1946 Lake Success Protocol 769:Harrison Narcotics Tax Act 611:. The practice of smoking 568: 564: 63:with a photo image of two 29: 33233:Presidency of Gerald Ford 33223:Organized crime conflicts 33141: 33116:Sexual assault allegation 33048: 32967: 32918:Joint session of Congress 32904: 32869: 32748: 32572: 32507: 32461: 32452: 32394: 32362: 32296: 32204: 32059: 31986:Joint session of Congress 31977: 31720: 31711: 31220:Golan Heights recognition 30961: 30894: 30876: 30821: 30759: 30627: 30531:Withdrawal of U.S. troops 30447: 30376:Joint session of Congress 30367: 30169: 30160: 30076: 29986:Clean Boating Act of 2008 29973: 29825:Energy Policy Act of 2005 29763: 29694:Highly qualified teachers 29416: 29110:Trade promotion authority 29055: 28970:Joint session of Congress 28961: 28730: 28721: 28637: 28571: 28562:Transportation Equity Act 28493: 28440: 28320: 28249:Joint session of Congress 28032: 27948: 27888:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 27721:Energy Policy Act of 1992 27661: 27567: 27525:Joint session of Congress 27419:White House horseshoe pit 27343: 27259: 27097:Food Security Act of 1985 27021: 26998:Water Quality Act of 1987 26822:Armed Career Criminal Act 26746: 26490: 26427:Joint session of Congress 26274: 26180: 26097: 26044: 26007: 25942: 25850: 25778: 25699: 25678: 25669: 25616: 25533: 25476:U.S. Department of Energy 25466: 25428:Motor Carrier Act of 1980 25338: 25271: 25148:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 25128: 25025: 24987: 24921: 24889:Maximum contaminant level 24841: 24775: 24752:Tax Reduction Act of 1975 24619: 24550: 24495: 24359: 24352:Presidency of Gerald Ford 24311:Presidency of Gerald Ford 24275: 24148: 24132:Oil Pollution Act of 1973 23973: 23751:Fair Credit Reporting Act 23733: 23548:Revised Philadelphia Plan 23532: 23507:Threshold Test Ban Treaty 23355: 23210: 22811: 22805:Peruvian drug traffickers 22636:Shining Path and remnants 22635: 22489:San Miguel del Ene attack 22429:Frecuencia Latina bombing 22399:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 22369:Peruvian prison massacres 22354:1983 Lucanamarca massacre 22314:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 22304: 22292: 22287: 22283: 22278: 22271:Internal conflict in Peru 22161: 22135: 22131: 22111: 22050: 21892: 21888: 21868: 21695: 21642: 21638: 21618: 21597:Julio César Godoy Toscano 21554: 21517:Héctor Luis Palma Salazar 21489: 21413: 21409: 21389: 21354:Gerardo González Valencia 21326:Abigael González Valencia 21288: 21272:Abigael González Valencia 21253: 21249: 21236: 21196: 21150: 21146: 21133: 21097: 21046: 21042: 21029: 20984: 20956:Héctor Luis Palma Salazar 20947: 20916: 20912: 20899: 20859: 20834: 20818: 20814: 20801: 20770: 20738: 20722: 20718: 20705: 20644: 20619: 20598: 20594: 20581: 20495: 20482: 20466:Fausto Isidro Meza Flores 20451: 20398: 20377: 20370: 20366: 20353: 20297: 20284: 20273: 20269: 20258: 20043:Former government program 19981: 19784: 19593:"False positives" scandal 19547:Mapiripán Massacre (1997) 19496: 19482: 19477: 19473: 19468: 19391: 19217: 19090: 19022: 18675: 18671: 18662: 18610: 18475: 18466: 18362: 18333: 18310: 18249: 18216: 18207: 18150: 18138:Comparison of governments 18113: 18076: 18053: 17969: 17949: 17880: 17818: 17740: 17663: 17521: 17512: 17508: 17499: 17221: 17212: 17157: 17117:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 16958:drafting and ratification 16931:Articles of Confederation 16844: 16778: 16769: 16672: 16664:Supervised injection site 16606: 16521: 16147: 16114: 16103: 16099: 16093: 16088: 15992: 15954:Anabolic steroid legality 15941: 15826: 15734: 15719:Convention Against Doping 15714:Law of the Sea Convention 15681: 15677: 15666: 15645:Urban legends about drugs 15557: 15509: 15446: 15343: 15310: 15202: 15198: 15185: 15122: 15095: 15033: 14979: 14880: 14785: 14776: 14721: 14554: 14417: 14282: 14278: 14267: 14144:, a 2003 report from the 14096:"The Drug War Revisited," 14061:Nunn, Kenneth B. (2002). 13955:Resources in your library 13606:. Reuters. May 17, 2012. 13547:Fordham Urban Law Journal 13250:Drug Overdose Death Rates 13180:. Monitoring the Future. 12679:(MA). Leiden University. 10092:Armenta & Jelsma 2015 8967:January 23, 2017, at the 8948:January 23, 2017, at the 8712:Vera Institute of Justice 7262:"The Global War on Drugs" 6282:Science History Institute 5666:January 10, 2016, at the 5024:. definitions.uslegal.com 4770:"Opium and Narcotic Laws" 4396:Science History Institute 3514:10.1017/S1049096511001739 3330:Air Bridge Denial Program 3271:Recreational use of drugs 3261:Prison-industrial complex 3134:In a 2023 UN report, the 2932:Federal Bureau of Prisons 2828: 2823: 2758:National Research Council 2540:America as a Civilization 2530:Race and the War on Drugs 2375:was trying to eradicate, 2110: 1999: 1117:Controlled Substances Act 988:Durham-Humphrey Amendment 917:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 864:Stephen B. Gibbons (1938) 231: 111: 75: 48: 43: 32820:(former daughter-in-law) 32038:2020 Oval Office address 32017:2019 Oval Office address 31686:Supreme Court candidates 31171:Family separation policy 30611:Sanctions against Russia 30117:templates for discussion 30083:← Clinton administration 29687:No Child Left Behind Act 29400:Secure Fence Act of 2006 28857:Supreme Court candidates 28822:Legislation and programs 28678:templates for discussion 28605:Clinton–Lewinsky scandal 28417:Operation Infinite Reach 27989:templates for discussion 27964:Clinton administration → 27777:Wetlands Reserve Program 27698:Civil Rights Act of 1991 27468:Supreme Court candidates 27300:templates for discussion 26940:Nuclear Waste Policy Act 26868:Toxics Release Inventory 26231:templates for discussion 25580:National Priorities List 25406:National security letter 25356:Airline Deregulation Act 25289:Senior Executive Service 25155:Torrijos–Carter Treaties 24440:Supreme Court candidates 24316:templates for discussion 24282:← Johnson administration 23915:Agricultural Act of 1970 23458:1973 Chilean coup d'état 23167:templates for discussion 22513:Peruvian Agrarian Reform 22319:Revolutionary Government 22153:The Fight to Save Juárez 21510:Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo 20779:Vicente Carrillo Fuentes 20667:Antonio Cárdenas Guillén 20009:Colombian Naval Infantry 19678:Human rights in Colombia 19506:La Violencia (1948–1958) 19157:Prescription drug prices 18277:Mayor–council government 18267:Coterminous municipality 18257:Consolidated city-county 18023:Agriculture commissioner 17673:House of Representatives 17581:National Security Agency 17231:Contiguous United States 16460:Turks and Caicos Islands 15969:Methamphetamine legality 15282:Marijuana Policy Project 14273:Major recreational drugs 12948:American Economic Review 11252:US News and World Report 10555:"Mexico Is Not Colombia" 8986:January 9, 2016, at the 8904:US Department of Justice 7379:"Home – Dan Baum Writer" 6993:The World Heroin Problem 6870:Aggarwal, Sunil (2010). 6819:US Department of Justice 6769:10.1525/fsr.2008.21.1.55 6761:10.1525/fsr.2008.21.1.55 6374:National Academies Press 6226:James Madison University 5880:Rowe, Thomas C. (2006). 5691:Evans, Sterling (2007). 5472:Drafting the Uniform Act 4911:Hague Convention of 1912 4202:"Sears Once Sold Heroin" 4032:Rorabaugh, W.J. (1981). 3358: 3054:A public-health approach 2864:-funded two-year study, 2593:for drug law violations. 2422:Arrest and incarceration 1990:Colombian armed conflict 1719:House of Representatives 1658:Special Session (UNGASS) 1279:South Florida Task Force 915:With the passage of the 829:in 1933, with President 811:National Prohibition Act 585:European colonial powers 33273:Presidency of Joe Biden 33056:Age and health concerns 32257:Short-tenure appointees 32002:National Scout Jamboree 31642:international reactions 31273:Kosovo–Serbia agreement 30044:Renewable Fuel Standard 29298:Pre-attack intelligence 27955:← Reagan administration 27825:Immigration Act of 1990 27608:Chemical Weapons Accord 27266:← Carter administration 26700:American Homecoming Act 26584:Constructive engagement 26347:Administration scandals 25892:reaction and commentary 25832:Nairobi Agreement, 1999 25624:Moral Equivalent of War 25560:Clean Water Act of 1977 24937:Carter administration → 24882:Safe Drinking Water Act 24628:Fair Credit Billing Act 24390:Assassination attempts 24180:Saturday Night Massacre 23922:Farm Credit Act of 1971 23892:Alternative minimum tax 22409:1992 Peruvian self-coup 21591:Raúl Salinas de Gortari 21524:Jesús Amezcua Contreras 21340:Elvis González Valencia 21319:Rubén Oseguera González 21062:Benjamín Arellano Félix 20882:Nazario Moreno González 20875:Servando Gómez Martínez 20868:Enrique Plancarte Solís 20850:Servando Gómez Martínez 20843:Enrique Plancarte Solís 20754:Pablo Acosta Villarreal 20747:Rafael Aguilar Guajardo 20688:Homero Cárdenas Guillén 20564:Servando Gómez Martínez 20550:Enrique Plancarte Solís 20543:Alberto Espinoza Barrón 20536:Rafael Cedeño Hernández 20529:Dionisio Loya Plancarte 20508:Nazario Moreno González 20428:Edgar Valdez Villarreal 19744:FARC political hostages 19739:Kidnappings in Colombia 19614:Nariño massacres (2009) 19242:Criticism of government 18587:Social welfare programs 18180:State-recognized tribes 17165:Outline of U.S. history 16877:Continental Association 15237:Cannabis rights leaders 11976:"Race and the Drug War" 11582:April 21, 2008, at the 11046:Panama: The Whole Story 11042:Buckley, Kevin (1991). 10596:August 4, 2010, at the 10446:April 17, 2008, at the 9030:April 26, 2017, at the 8792:The Wall Street Journal 7839:Boston Political Review 7042:March 29, 2018, at the 6724:A War that Can't Be Won 6587:Transnational Institute 6514:Health and Human Rights 5440:. Presidency.ucsb.edu. 4972:Transnational Institute 2908:The Pursuit of Oblivion 2904:Richard Davenport-Hines 2720:substantive due process 2505:loss of ability to vote 2473:collateral consequences 1557:During his presidency, 844:(FNCB) to as overseer. 781:Anti-Heroin Act of 1924 643:had been isolated from 633:Anti-Heroin Act of 1924 492:United Nations treaties 83:June 17, 1971 – present 33218:Organized crime events 32758:Edward Francis Blewitt 32727:protest vote movements 32673:running mate selection 32312:Biden administration → 32303:← Obama administration 31426:Afghanistan withdrawal 31361:Saudi Arabia arms deal 31347:Russian bounty program 31192:Stormy Daniels scandal 31030:2018 midterm elections 30846:New Energy for America 30092:Obama administration → 30000:Clear Skies Initiative 28518:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 28470:One America Initiative 28389:2000 Camp David Summit 27874:National Space Council 27770:USDA Rural Development 27622:1991 Madrid Conference 27199:Tax Reform Act of 1986 26419:"Tear down this wall!" 25900:Beyond the White House 25749:running mate selection 25717:running mate selection 25634:A Crisis of Confidence 24928:← Nixon administration 24759:Tax Reform Act of 1976 24743:National Market System 24596:Rockefeller Commission 24234:United States v. Nixon 23885:Tax Reform Act of 1969 23562:Native American policy 23541:Family Assistance Plan 23128:19th of April Movement 22901:Rodrigo Franco Command 22774:Ethnocacerist movement 22404:Barrios Altos massacre 22007:LeBarón & Langford 21538:Juan Nepomuceno Guerra 21361:José González Valencia 21306:Érick Valencia Salazar 21266:Érick Valencia Salazar 21212:Miguel Treviño Morales 21117:Edgardo Leyva Escandón 21105:Enedina Arellano Félix 21081:Eduardo Arellano Félix 20808:Knights Templar Cartel 20761:Amado Carrillo Fuentes 20660:Osiel Cárdenas Guillén 20653:Óscar Malherbe de León 20628:Juan Nepomuceno Guerra 20515:Carlos Rosales Mendoza 20189:Colombian drug cartels 20034:Attorney General units 19970:Colombian drug cartels 19792:Government of Colombia 19771:Doe v. Chiquita (2007) 19619:2013 Colombian clashes 19608:Operation Fenix (2008) 19603:Operation Jaque (2008) 19562:Bojayá massacre (2002) 19304:Environmental movement 19147:Health insurance costs 19042:Educational attainment 18567:Federal Reserve System 18525:Science and technology 18028:Insurance commissioner 17566:Intelligence Community 17261:minor outlying islands 17024:Civil rights movement 16045:Politics of drug abuse 15013:Mandragora officinarum 14122:New York: Verso, 2004. 14043:New York: Verso, 1998. 12454:on February 17, 2015. 11951:. Human Rights Watch. 11050:. Simon and Schuster. 7568:July 26, 2011, at the 7424:– via Huff Post. 7267:University of Virginia 7218:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5502:Booth, Martin (2005). 3185:, $ 32.6 billion from 3139:regulation of drugs." 3107:Clinton administration 3105:During the 1990s, the 2971: 2925:drug-free school zones 2886: 2803: 2691: 2633: 2594: 2572:(1995), criminologist 2452: 2367:, toppling the ruling 2324: 2282: 2134: 1924:Summit of the Americas 1879:Foreign Assistance Act 1848: 1612: 1533: 1525: 1517: 1419: 1383:, though Reagan was a 1381:Johnson administration 1307:civil asset forfeiture 1213:In a 2011 commentary, 1002: 904:Uniform Law Commission 865: 748:Pure Food and Drug Act 636: 599:use became prevalent. 33133:Trump–Ukraine scandal 33024:Our Cartoon President 32710:Democratic opposition 31658:Judicial appointments 31559:proposed expungements 31324:Relations with Russia 31317:Trump–Ukraine scandal 31213:Jerusalem recognition 31206:Relations with Israel 31162:Executive Order 13767 30604:Russia nuclear treaty 30282:Judicial appointments 30014:Executive Order 13432 29993:Climate change policy 29618:Help America Vote Act 29379:Executive Order 13470 29372:Executive Order 13355 28850:Judicial appointments 28424:Bombing of Yugoslavia 28352:by Madeleine Albright 28345:by Warren Christopher 28185:Judicial appointments 27749:Forest Legacy Program 27454:Judicial appointments 27275:Bush administration → 26829:Sentencing Reform Act 26737:Exon–Florio Amendment 26663:Executive Order 12333 26649:Goldwater–Nichols Act 26324:Judicial appointments 26310:Assassination attempt 26147:Ruth Carter Stapleton 26129:James Earl Carter Sr. 25877:Our Endangered Values 25381:Executive Order 12086 25325:Executive Order 12172 25313:Executive Order 12148 25241:Executive Order 12036 25170:Executive Order 12170 25093:Judicial appointments 25015:Georgia State Senator 24534:Executive Order 11905 24433:Judicial appointments 24291:Ford administration → 23793:Smithsonian Agreement 23316:Judicial appointments 22817:Peruvian Armed Forces 22191:Piracy on Falcon Lake 22181:Juárez house of death 21802:Nuevo León-Tamaulipas 21584:Noé Ramírez Mandujano 21075:Carlos Arellano Félix 20999:Ismael Zambada García 20976:Ismael Zambada García 20963:Adrián Gómez González 20681:Mario Ramírez Treviño 20414:Alfredo Beltrán Leyva 20153:Former paramilitaries 20064:DynCorp International 19938:Cuban revolutionaries 19541:Humanitarian exchange 19130:Immigrant health care 18645:Transportation safety 18640:Transportation policy 18630:Public transportation 17700:President pro tempore 17556:Executive departments 17325:National Park Service 16980:Territorial evolution 16405:Saint Kitts and Nevis 15704:1988 Drug Trafficking 15297:Cannabis and religion 14261:Recreational drug use 14111:Dominic Streatfeild, 13970:Hari, Johann (2015). 13534:How to legalize drugs 12998:on September 27, 2007 10461:Gill, Leslie (2004). 10408:Stokes, Doug (2005). 10391:May 27, 2012, at the 10255:July 6, 2019, at the 9489:Associated Press News 8613:Boyd, Graham (2001). 8185:Elsner, Alan (2004). 8122:American Conspiracies 6364:Courtwright, David T. 6179:Public Health Reports 5925:. Sage. p. 747. 5091:Filan, Kenaz (2011). 3948:Das, G (April 1993). 3181:: $ 8.7 billion from 3020:Government efficiency 2962: 2945:Monitoring the Future 2878: 2862:Department of Defense 2841:creator), discussing 2794: 2682: 2673:Further information: 2614: 2588: 2487:, loss of ability to 2447: 2311: 2273: 2124: 1836: 1599: 1531: 1523: 1515: 1409: 1392:Department of Defense 1192:Nixon's role reviewed 1089:Department of Justice 996: 855: 831:Franklin D. Roosevelt 741:Chinese Exclusion Act 662:Drugs were also sold 630: 494:, have made illegal. 480:military intervention 32812:Hallie Olivere Biden 32434:Counterterrorism Act 32250:Withdrawn appointees 31651:Presidential Library 31102:pardon of Joe Arpaio 31036:Government shutdowns 30643:MAP-21st Century Act 29284:Communication issues 29277:September 11 attacks 28993:Mission Accomplished 28431:1998 bombing of Iraq 27902:Truth in Savings Act 27853:Lead and Copper Rule 27728:FDIC Improvement Act 27578:Soviet Union summits 27426:Presidential pardons 26757:AIDS crisis response 26531:Soviet Union summits 26135:Lillian Gordy Carter 25969:Silver Buffalo Award 25798:Habitat for Humanity 25175:Operation Eagle Claw 24898:Magnuson–Stevens Act 24720:Fast track authority 24196:White House Plumbers 22484:Founding of the MPCP 21577:Arturo Durazo Moreno 21504:Rafael Caro Quintero 21421:Independent Acapulco 21312:Martín Arzola Ortega 21279:Martín Arzola Ortega 21219:Omar Treviño Morales 21187:Galindo Mellado Cruz 21166:Jaime González Durán 21159:Arturo Guzmán Decena 21055:Ramón Arellano Félix 20993:Joaquín Guzmán Loera 20970:Joaquín Guzmán Loera 20522:Arnoldo Rueda Medina 20460:Héctor Beltrán Leyva 20442:Héctor Beltrán Leyva 20421:Carlos Beltrán Leyva 20407:Arturo Beltrán Leyva 20390:South Pacific Cartel 20360:Beltrán-Leyva Cartel 20194:Mexican drug cartels 19862:List of FARC attacks 19683:Politics of Colombia 19577:Neiva bombing (2003) 19511:Marquetalia Republic 19299:Environmental issues 18964:Political ideologies 18863:Indigenous languages 18063:List of legislatures 17860:separation of powers 17561:Independent agencies 17487:World Heritage Sites 17122:September 11 attacks 17045:Spanish–American War 16985:Mexican–American War 16941:Confederation period 16872:Continental Congress 16654:Responsible drug use 16465:United Arab Emirates 15784:Drug Policy Alliance 15672:Legality of drug use 15277:Legality of cannabis 15252:Cannabis Social Club 15222:Cannabis cultivation 15217:Cannabis consumption 15048:Cannabis (Marijuana) 14870:Psilocybin mushrooms 14046:Mitchell Earlywine, 14008:Daniel Burton-Rose, 13451:on December 29, 2013 12960:10.1257/aer.99.1.324 12440:(February 5, 2005). 12332:Drug Policy Alliance 12034:www.newstatesman.com 11512:(October 29, 2009). 10221:"Politics this week" 9521:. November 3, 2020. 9464:. September 23, 2020 9431:"MARIJUANA OVERVIEW" 8519:Michelle Alexander. 8094:Whitford and Yates. 8034:Michelle Alexander. 7671:Whitford and Yates. 7246:Whitford and Yates. 6421:"Marijuana timeline" 6399:Shaffer Drug Library 6310:Smithsonian Magazine 4916:Treaty of Versailles 4590:Whitford and Yates. 4087:"Marijuana Timeline" 3041:Responsible drug use 2921:Drug Policy Alliance 2770:in 2021, journalist 2485:professional license 2291:Operation Just Cause 2078:Coca eradication by 2019:Human Rights reports 1810:Tylenol with codeine 1739:District of Columbia 1567:Obama administration 1054:became the first of 848:Anslinger era begins 723:were established in 717:California gold rush 30:For other uses, see 33031:Saturday Night Live 32824:Melissa Cohen Biden 32782:Valerie Biden Owens 32764:Neilia Hunter Biden 32760:(great-grandfather) 32644:municipal officials 31524:impeachment inquiry 31470:Crossfire Hurricane 30797:Debt-ceiling crisis 30770:Affordable Care Act 30465:International trips 29747:2006 VRA Amendments 29087:by Condoleezza Rice 29073:International trips 28908:Impeachment efforts 28338:International trips 27925:1992 VRA Amendments 27918:Ryan White CARE Act 27433:International trips 26991:1982 VRA Amendments 26619:International trips 26591:Invasion of Grenada 26361:Impeachment efforts 26303:Second inauguration 26296:Release of hostages 26141:Gloria Carter Spann 25964:Freedom of the City 25629:Island of Stability 25498:National Energy Act 25486:Energy Security Act 25448:Revenue Act of 1978 25231:International trips 25218:Goldwater v. Carter 25160:Iran hostage crisis 25083:Political positions 25007:Governor of Georgia 24603:1975 VRA Amendments 24506:International trips 24250:impeachment process 24166:Operation Sandwedge 23901:Revenue Act of 1971 23701:1970 VRA Amendments 23449:Shanghai Communiqué 23442:1972 visit to China 23394:Paris Peace Accords 23366:International trips 23246:Second inauguration 22459:2001 Peru shootdown 22439:La Cantuta massacre 22394:1989 Callao bombing 22077:Rodolfo Torre Cantú 21907:Villas de Salvárcar 21902:Juárez rehab center 20082:Mission in Colombia 19658:Democratic security 19639:Total Peace concept 19142:Health care finance 18635:Rail transportation 18401:Imperial presidency 18123:State constitutions 18068:List of legislators 18018:Auditor/Comptroller 17991:Lieutenant governor 17717:Library of Congress 17608:Diplomatic Security 17251:Indian reservations 16914:American Revolution 16712:Tobacco consumption 16682:Alcohol consumption 16624:Drug rehabilitation 16561:Effects of cannabis 16285:Indian Ocean region 16065:Philippine drug war 15694:1961 Narcotic Drugs 14375:nail polish remover 14177:on December 3, 2016 14118:Douglas Valentine, 14053:Kathleen J. Frydl, 13853:on October 17, 2007 13702:Stanford University 13070:The Washington Post 12191:. November 21, 2023 11873:The Washington Post 11796:The Washington Post 11708:Maryland Law Review 11519:The Washington Post 10698:Pew Research Center 10639:. Druglibrary.org. 10428:on January 9, 2016. 10113:. February 25, 2021 8829:The Washington Post 8307:. August 23, 2006. 7783:Scientific American 7325:. February 15, 1999 6946:Scientific American 6122:Scientific American 6096:. December 20, 2019 5505:Cannabis: A History 5414:. Druglibrary.net. 4884:(9957): 1840–1841. 4748:Library of Congress 4119:Campbell Law Review 3256:Philippine drug war 3014:alcohol prohibition 2948:states passing new 2696:Pew Research Center 2515:Prison overcrowding 2497:Federal Student Aid 2464:The Washington Post 2394:returned to power. 2357:invaded Afghanistan 2303:UN General Assembly 2228:broke out in 2024. 2154:transnational crime 2143:Operation Intercept 1829:Foreign involvement 1782:US State Department 1730:drug liberalization 1655:UN General Assembly 1648:In March 2016, the 1571:Fair Sentencing Act 1422:Next to occupy the 1349:Anti-Drug Abuse Act 1070:In 1968, President 956:LaGuardia Committee 952:Fiorello La Guardia 821:in 1929, was lost. 688:Sears & Roebuck 605:temperance movement 462:is the policy of a 32407:U.S. Senate career 32285:inspectors general 31635:domestic reactions 31628:continued protests 31545:second impeachment 31280:North Korea crisis 31178:Migrant detentions 31095:Executive clemency 30877:Environment policy 30574:Anti-ISIL campaign 30560:Libya intervention 30525:War in Afghanistan 30472:by Hillary Clinton 29950:Sarbanes–Oxley Act 29913:Public Law 110-343 29210:Mexico City policy 27652:NAFTA negotiations 27643:Unified Task Force 27601:Invasion of Panama 27507:Clinton transition 26598:Iran–Contra affair 26292:First inauguration 26090:(2007 documentary) 25861:Everything to Gain 25837:One America Appeal 25143:Camp David Accords 24766:Whip Inflation Now 24479:Halloween Massacre 24173:Operation Gemstone 23472:1972 Moscow Summit 23228:First inauguration 22641:Government of Peru 22552:Illegal drug trade 22364:Accomarca massacre 22093:Jaime Jorge Zapata 22087:(police commander) 22058:Politicians killed 21545:Juan García Ábrego 21531:Pedro Avilés Pérez 21476:Santa Rosa de Lima 20785:Juan Pablo Ledezma 20635:Juan García Abrego 20201:military personnel 20029:Migración Colombia 19722:Catatumbo campaign 19692:Illegal drug trade 19650:Government aspects 19588:Operation Emmanuel 19516:The National Front 19461:Colombian conflict 19252:affirmative action 19225:Capital punishment 19184:Poverty and health 19179:Physician shortage 19152:Health care prices 19082:Standard of living 18765:standard of living 18572:Financial position 18199:Hawaiian home land 18187:Indian reservation 18160:Tribal sovereignty 18003:Secretary of state 17872:United States Code 17788:Territorial courts 17760:Associate Justices 17645:Inspector generals 17132:War in Afghanistan 16995:Reconstruction era 16862:Stamp Act Congress 16568:Drug-related crime 16245:Dominican Republic 16155:Illegal drug trade 15630:Religion and drugs 15585:Drug paraphernalia 15565:Chasing the dragon 15524:Fashion cigarettes 15105:Calea zacatechichi 14800:Psychoactive toads 14510:Mitragyna speciosa 14462:Dextropropoxyphene 14404:Nonbenzodiazepines 14312:Alcoholic beverage 13821:The New York Times 13018:The New York Times 12898:. March 26, 2015. 12576:"End the Drug War" 12474:2011-07-03 at the 11663:on October 8, 2007 11605:The New York Times 11351:Annals of Medicine 11108:The New York Times 10904:. January 24, 2024 10730:. April 29, 2013. 10541:The New York Times 10396:The New York Times 10227:. March 31, 2012. 9980:on August 10, 2011 9519:The New York Times 9311:The New York Times 9245:. November 8, 2018 8691:BJS statisticians. 8671:World Prison Brief 8336:Emerald Publishing 7297:. December 6, 2022 6920:. February 1, 2019 6771:– via JSTOR. 6020:LH, Dewey (1943). 5559:– via JSTOR. 5129:The New York Times 4423:Aims Public Health 4339:The New York Times 4240:The New York Times 3666:10.1007/BF00728225 3606:Baum, Writer Dan. 3251:November Coalition 3220:Chasing the Scream 2972: 2887: 2817:Illegal drug trade 2804: 2692: 2634: 2604:In her 2010 book, 2595: 2489:purchase a firearm 2453: 2414:Annals of Medicine 2325: 2283: 2279:invasion of Panama 2206:intelligence-based 2135: 2065:Mapiripán Massacre 2057:School of Americas 2024:Military relations 1849: 1613: 1606:U.S.–Mexico border 1544:in her 2010 book, 1542:Michelle Alexander 1534: 1526: 1518: 1420: 1414:holds up a bag of 1314:Crackdown on crack 1003: 878:Harry J. Anslinger 866: 653:hypodermic syringe 637: 541:In June 2011, the 488:psychoactive drugs 222:Operations in the 133:US law enforcement 67:cigarettes and a " 55:A U.S. government 33180: 33179: 32912:Inaugural address 32826:(daughter-in-law) 32814:(daughter-in-law) 32744: 32743: 32668:Unity Task Forces 32614:basement campaign 32508:Vice presidential 32322: 32321: 32243:Economic advisors 32055: 32054: 32031:2020 SOTU Address 32024:2019 SOTU Address 32010:2018 SOTU Address 31531:first impeachment 31058:Executive actions 30920: 30919: 30597:Iran nuclear deal 30443: 30442: 30434:2016 SOTU Address 30427:2015 SOTU Address 30420:2014 SOTU Address 30413:2013 SOTU Address 30406:2012 SOTU Address 30399:2011 SOTU Address 30392:2010 SOTU Address 30328:Executive actions 30102: 30101: 29648:Hurricane Katrina 29291:Military response 29270:USA Freedom Corps 29196:2002 steel tariff 29103:Trade Act of 2002 29051: 29050: 29042:2008 SOTU Address 29035:2007 SOTU Address 29028:2006 SOTU Address 29021:2005 SOTU Address 29014:2004 SOTU Address 29007:2003 SOTU Address 29000:2002 SOTU Address 28915:Executive actions 28836:Email controversy 28663: 28662: 28316: 28315: 28307:2000 SOTU Address 28300:1999 SOTU Address 28293:1998 SOTU Address 28286:1997 SOTU Address 28279:1996 SOTU Address 28272:1995 SOTU Address 28265:1994 SOTU Address 28208:Executive actions 27974: 27973: 27712:Acid Rain Program 27563: 27562: 27547:1992 SOTU Address 27540:1991 SOTU Address 27533:1990 SOTU Address 27484:Executive actions 27412:Broccoli comments 27405:Vomiting incident 27285: 27284: 26656:Montreal Protocol 26486: 26485: 26477:1988 SOTU Address 26470:1987 SOTU Address 26463:1986 SOTU Address 26456:1985 SOTU Address 26449:1984 SOTU Address 26442:1983 SOTU Address 26435:1982 SOTU Address 26375:Executive actions 26216: 26215: 25989:Christopher Award 25954:Nobel Peace Prize 25916:White House Diary 25869:The Hornet's Nest 25774: 25773: 25612: 25611: 25438:Staggers Rail Act 25120:Reagan transition 25105:Executive Actions 24947: 24946: 24713:Trade Act of 1974 24486:Carter transition 24426:1977 SOTU Address 24419:1976 SOTU Address 24412:1975 SOTU Address 24301: 24300: 24226:White House tapes 24217:list of opponents 24058:Noise Control Act 23657:Shafer Commission 23523:Space exploration 23493:Washington Summit 23387:Cambodian bombing 23295:1974 SOTU Address 23288:1973 SOTU Address 23281:1972 SOTU Address 23274:1971 SOTU Address 23267:1970 SOTU Address 23236:Bring Us Together 23152: 23151: 23147: 23146: 22884:Rondas campesinas 22580:Operation Snowcap 22494:Operation Patriot 22479:Llochegua Clashes 22474:Hatun Asha ambush 22464:2002 Lima bombing 22379:Aucayacu massacre 22237: 22236: 22233: 22232: 22229: 22228: 22107: 22106: 22103: 22102: 21967:Cadereyta Jiménez 21962:2012 Nuevo Laredo 21932:2011 San Fernando 21927:2010 San Fernando 21864: 21863: 21860: 21859: 21614: 21613: 21610: 21609: 21563:Miguel Nazar Haro 21555:Corrupt officials 21401:Corrupt officials 21385: 21384: 21381: 21380: 21232: 21231: 21228: 21227: 21205:Heriberto Lazcano 21180:Heriberto Lazcano 21129: 21128: 21125: 21124: 21025: 21024: 21021: 21020: 20939:Artistas Asesinos 20895: 20894: 20891: 20890: 20797: 20796: 20793: 20792: 20701: 20700: 20697: 20696: 20577: 20576: 20573: 20572: 20489:La Familia Cartel 20478: 20477: 20474: 20473: 20349: 20348: 20345: 20344: 20307:Mexican Air Force 20218: 20217: 20213: 20212: 19928:Foro de São Paulo 19845:Former guerrillas 19710:Operation Snowcap 19634:2022 Huila attack 19427: 19426: 19387: 19386: 19383: 19382: 19353:National security 19062:Income inequality 18942:Statue of Liberty 18745:income inequality 18658: 18657: 18650:Trucking industry 18462: 18461: 18458: 18457: 18389:Foreign relations 18377:Electoral College 18358: 18357: 18146: 18145: 18098:District attorney 17945: 17944: 17772:Courts of appeals 17495: 17494: 17208: 17207: 17149:COVID-19 pandemic 17102:Feminist Movement 16948:American frontier 16867:Thirteen Colonies 16728: 16727: 16724: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16639:Pharmacovigilance 16619:Drug legalization 16517: 16516: 16084: 16083: 16080: 16079: 16015:Cognitive liberty 15959:Cannabis legality 15747:Decriminalization 15662: 15661: 15658: 15657: 15544:Smoking fetishism 15181: 15180: 15177: 15176: 15118: 15117: 14998:Atropa belladonna 14365:contact adhesives 14307:Ethanol (alcohol) 14208:Drug Policy Facts 14101:November 2, 2011. 13941:Library resources 13722:C. Peter Rydell, 13372:National Archives 13213:on July 10, 2010. 13046:978-0-393-05189-6 13020:, August 19, 2006 12924:Peter H. Reuter, 12912:National Archives 12820:978-0-309-07273-1 12642:(June 22, 2003). 12304:. April 2, 2014. 12126:. The New Press. 11575:Gabriel J. Chin, 11470:Grinspoon, Lester 11057:978-0-671-72794-9 10480:978-0-8223-3392-0 10421:978-1-84277-547-9 9948:Los Angeles Times 9849:"Drug Scheduling" 9768:Mexico News Daily 9730:Los Angeles Times 9491:. Salem, Oregon. 9071:Fassihi, Farnaz, 9025:INCB Report 2015 8952:. Whitehouse.gov. 8907:. August 29, 2013 8854:. Thomas.loc.gov. 8478:978-1-137-40144-1 8467:From, Al (2013). 8377:Oregon Law Review 8353:978-1-83982-885-0 8338:. pp. 9–22. 8230:(19): 1580–1588. 8202:978-0-13-142791-4 7979:Los Angeles Times 7813:. August 21, 2018 7046:. April 2, 2007. 6643:. August 30, 2008 6249:"World War Speed" 5854:978-0-7914-6975-0 5815:978-0-19-518295-8 5776:978-0-275-97448-0 5749:978-0-8032-1826-0 5704:978-1-58544-596-7 5659:Earlywine, 2005: 5634:978-0-7618-2890-7 5515:978-0-312-42494-7 5189:Chasin, Alexandra 5104:978-1-59477-399-0 4946:. 2009. p. 7 4920:League of Nations 4799:. PBS Frontline. 4043:978-0-1950-2990-1 4013:. August 21, 2018 3231:Cognitive liberty 3005:According to the 2854: 2853: 2328:Impact on growers 2321:Mérida Initiative 2287:US invaded Panama 2264:Contra drug links 2150:Mérida Initiative 2131:Mexico's drug war 2061:Trujillo Massacre 2053:counterinsurgency 2032: 2031: 1928:Otto Pérez Molina 1860:narco-trafficking 1802:anabolic steroids 1412:George H. W. Bush 1303:equitable sharing 1250:George H. W. Bush 1072:Lyndon B. Johnson 1056:three UN treaties 1037:Boggs Act of 1951 1023:policy. With the 796:League of Nations 647:, decades later, 581:Revolutionary War 453: 452: 448: 447: 189: 188: 107: 106: 18:Counter-narcotics 16:(Redirected from 33320: 33298:1970s neologisms 33213:Mexican drug war 33170: 33169: 33106:Let's Go Brandon 33071:Biden Foundation 33017: 32880:Promises to Keep 32459: 32458: 32422:Trump transition 32417:Obama transition 32349: 32342: 32335: 32326: 32325: 32315: 32306: 32287: 32280: 32273: 32266: 32259: 32252: 32245: 32238: 32231: 32222: 32217: 32197: 32188: 32181: 32174: 32167: 32160: 32151: 32144: 32137: 32130: 32123: 32116: 32109: 32100: 32093: 32086: 32079: 32072: 32048: 32045:Farewell address 32040: 32033: 32026: 32019: 32012: 32005: 31997: 31989: 31968: 31961: 31954: 31947: 31945:Singapore summit 31940: 31931: 31924: 31922:by Rex Tillerson 31917: 31910: 31903: 31896: 31889: 31882: 31875: 31866: 31859: 31852: 31845: 31838: 31831: 31824: 31817: 31810: 31803: 31796: 31789: 31782: 31775: 31768: 31761: 31754: 31747: 31740: 31733: 31728: 31718: 31717: 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30722: 30715: 30708: 30701: 30694: 30687: 30680: 30673: 30666: 30659: 30652: 30645: 30638: 30620: 30613: 30606: 30599: 30590: 30583: 30576: 30569: 30562: 30555: 30546: 30539: 30532: 30527: 30518: 30511: 30504: 30497: 30490: 30481: 30474: 30467: 30460: 30436: 30429: 30422: 30415: 30408: 30401: 30394: 30387: 30379: 30360: 30358:Trump transition 30351: 30344: 30337: 30335:Executive orders 30330: 30321: 30312: 30305: 30298: 30291: 30284: 30277: 30270: 30261: 30254: 30247: 30240: 30233: 30226: 30219: 30212: 30205: 30198: 30191: 30189:2nd inauguration 30184: 30182:1st inauguration 30177: 30167: 30166: 30146: 30139: 30132: 30123: 30122: 30095: 30086: 30069: 30062: 30053: 30046: 30039: 30032: 30025: 30016: 30009: 30002: 29995: 29988: 29966: 29959: 29952: 29945: 29938: 29929: 29922: 29915: 29908: 29901: 29894: 29887: 29880: 29871: 29864: 29855: 29848: 29841: 29834: 29827: 29820: 29813: 29806: 29797: 29790: 29783: 29776: 29756: 29749: 29742: 29735: 29728: 29719: 29712: 29705: 29696: 29689: 29680: 29673: 29664: 29657: 29650: 29643: 29636: 29627: 29620: 29611: 29604: 29597: 29590: 29583: 29576: 29569: 29562: 29555: 29548: 29541: 29534: 29527: 29520: 29513: 29506: 29499: 29492: 29485: 29478: 29471: 29464: 29457: 29450: 29443: 29436: 29429: 29409: 29402: 29395: 29388: 29381: 29374: 29365: 29358: 29351: 29344: 29337: 29330: 29323: 29314: 29307: 29300: 29293: 29286: 29279: 29272: 29265: 29256: 29249: 29242: 29233: 29226: 29219: 29212: 29205: 29198: 29189: 29182: 29175: 29168: 29161: 29154: 29147: 29140: 29133: 29126: 29119: 29112: 29105: 29098: 29089: 29082: 29075: 29068: 29044: 29037: 29030: 29023: 29016: 29009: 29002: 28995: 28988: 28981: 28973: 28954: 28952:Obama transition 28945: 28938: 28931: 28924: 28922:Executive orders 28917: 28910: 28903: 28896: 28887: 28880: 28873: 28866: 28859: 28852: 28845: 28843:Shoeing incident 28838: 28831: 28824: 28815: 28808: 28801: 28794: 28787: 28780: 28773: 28766: 28759: 28752: 28750:2nd inauguration 28745: 28743:1st inauguration 28738: 28728: 28727: 28707: 28700: 28693: 28684: 28683: 28656: 28647: 28630: 28623: 28616: 28607: 28598: 28591: 28584: 28564: 28555: 28548: 28541: 28534: 28527: 28520: 28513: 28506: 28504:Health care plan 28486: 28479: 28472: 28465: 28458: 28451: 28433: 28426: 28419: 28410: 28403: 28396: 28391: 28384: 28382:Dayton Agreement 28377: 28370: 28363: 28354: 28347: 28340: 28333: 28331:Clinton Doctrine 28309: 28302: 28295: 28288: 28281: 28274: 28267: 28260: 28252: 28238: 28237: 28233: 28224: 28217: 28215:Executive orders 28210: 28201: 28194: 28187: 28178: 28171: 28162: 28155: 28151:Vice President: 28147: 28138: 28131: 28122: 28115: 28108: 28101: 28094: 28087: 28080: 28073: 28066: 28059: 28057:2nd inauguration 28052: 28050:1st inauguration 28045: 28018: 28011: 28004: 27995: 27994: 27967: 27958: 27941: 27934: 27927: 27920: 27913: 27904: 27897: 27890: 27883: 27876: 27869: 27862: 27855: 27848: 27841: 27834: 27827: 27818: 27811: 27802: 27795: 27788: 27779: 27772: 27765: 27758: 27751: 27744: 27737: 27730: 27723: 27714: 27707: 27700: 27693: 27686: 27679: 27672: 27654: 27645: 27638: 27636:Somali Civil War 27631: 27624: 27617: 27610: 27603: 27594: 27587: 27580: 27556: 27549: 27542: 27535: 27528: 27514: 27513: 27509: 27500: 27493: 27491:Executive orders 27486: 27477: 27470: 27463: 27456: 27449: 27442: 27440:Oval Office desk 27435: 27428: 27421: 27414: 27407: 27398: 27391: 27384: 27377: 27370: 27363: 27356: 27329: 27322: 27315: 27306: 27305: 27278: 27269: 27252: 27245: 27238: 27231: 27224: 27215: 27208: 27201: 27194: 27187: 27180: 27173: 27166: 27159: 27150: 27143: 27136: 27129: 27122: 27113: 27106: 27099: 27092: 27085: 27078: 27071: 27064: 27055: 27048: 27041: 27034: 27014: 27007: 27000: 26993: 26986: 26979: 26970: 26963: 26956: 26949: 26942: 26935: 26928: 26921: 26914: 26907: 26900: 26893: 26891:Grace Commission 26886: 26879: 26870: 26863: 26854: 26847: 26838: 26831: 26824: 26817: 26810: 26803: 26796: 26789: 26780: 26773: 26766: 26759: 26739: 26732: 26723: 26716: 26709: 26702: 26693: 26686: 26679: 26672: 26665: 26658: 26651: 26644: 26637: 26630: 26621: 26614: 26607: 26600: 26593: 26586: 26577: 26575:Governors Island 26570: 26561: 26554: 26547: 26540: 26533: 26524: 26517: 26510: 26503: 26479: 26472: 26465: 26458: 26451: 26444: 26437: 26430: 26422: 26414: 26398: 26397: 26391: 26384: 26382:Executive orders 26377: 26370: 26363: 26356: 26349: 26340: 26333: 26326: 26319: 26312: 26305: 26298: 26287: 26260: 26253: 26246: 26237: 26236: 26205: 26204: 25924:A Call to Action 25676: 25675: 25126: 25125: 25018: 25010: 24999: 24974: 24967: 24960: 24951: 24950: 24940: 24931: 24914: 24907: 24900: 24891: 24884: 24877: 24870: 24863: 24856: 24832: 24825: 24818: 24811: 24802: 24795: 24788: 24768: 24761: 24754: 24745: 24738: 24731: 24722: 24715: 24706: 24699: 24697:Net capital rule 24690: 24683: 24676: 24667: 24660: 24658:CFTC Act of 1974 24653: 24644: 24637: 24630: 24612: 24605: 24598: 24589: 24582: 24575: 24568: 24561: 24543: 24536: 24529: 24522: 24520:Helsinki Accords 24515: 24508: 24488: 24481: 24472: 24465: 24458: 24456:Executive Orders 24449: 24442: 24435: 24428: 24421: 24414: 24405: 24398: 24391: 24386: 24379: 24372: 24345: 24338: 24331: 24322: 24321: 24294: 24285: 24268: 24261: 24252: 24245: 24238: 24228: 24219: 24212: 24205: 24198: 24191: 24182: 24175: 24168: 24161: 24141: 24134: 24127: 24120: 24113: 24106: 24099: 24090: 24083: 24076: 24067: 24060: 24053: 24046: 24039: 24032: 24025: 24018: 24011: 24002: 23995: 23988: 23966: 23959: 23952: 23945: 23938: 23931: 23924: 23917: 23910: 23903: 23894: 23887: 23878: 23871: 23864: 23855: 23848: 23841: 23834: 23825: 23818: 23811: 23804: 23795: 23788: 23781: 23774: 23767: 23760: 23753: 23746: 23744:Bank Secrecy Act 23724: 23717: 23710: 23703: 23696: 23689: 23680: 23673: 23666: 23659: 23652: 23645: 23638: 23631: 23624: 23617: 23610: 23603: 23594: 23587: 23580: 23571: 23564: 23557: 23550: 23543: 23525: 23518: 23509: 23502: 23495: 23488: 23481: 23474: 23467: 23460: 23451: 23444: 23437: 23428: 23421: 23412: 23405: 23402:Peace with Honor 23396: 23389: 23382: 23375: 23368: 23348: 23341: 23339:Executive Orders 23332: 23325: 23318: 23311: 23304: 23297: 23290: 23283: 23276: 23269: 23262: 23255: 23248: 23239: 23230: 23223: 23196: 23189: 23182: 23173: 23172: 23138: 23137: 23136: 23126: 23125: 23124: 23113: 23111: 23110: 23098: 23097: 23096: 23086: 23084: 23083: 23073: 23063: 23061: 23060: 23040: 23020: 23018: 23017: 23007: 23005: 23004: 22994: 22992: 22991: 22981: 22979: 22978: 22968: 22966: 22965: 22955: 22953: 22952: 22942: 22940: 22939: 22922: 22920: 22919: 22882: 22881: 22880: 22839:Peruvian Marines 22782: 22772: 22762: 22752: 22742: 22732: 22730: 22729: 22718: 22699: 22689: 22680:Huallaga Faction 22678: 22668: 22658: 22592: 22575:Coca eradication 22555: 22508: 22454:Locumba uprising 22281: 22280: 22264: 22257: 22250: 22241: 22240: 22133: 22132: 22113: 22112: 22069:Enrique Camarena 22027:Coatepec Harinas 21890: 21889: 21870: 21869: 21767:Fast and Furious 21739:Community Shield 21679:Southern Tempest 21640: 21639: 21620: 21619: 21602:Tomás Yarrington 21490:Early drug lords 21411: 21410: 21391: 21390: 21251: 21250: 21238: 21237: 21148: 21147: 21135: 21134: 21044: 21043: 21031: 21030: 20914: 20913: 20901: 20900: 20816: 20815: 20803: 20802: 20720: 20719: 20707: 20706: 20596: 20595: 20583: 20582: 20497: 20496: 20484: 20483: 20368: 20367: 20355: 20354: 20286: 20285: 20271: 20270: 20245: 20238: 20231: 20222: 20221: 20121: 20119: 20118: 20108: 20106: 20105: 20095: 20093: 20092: 20075: 20073: 20072: 19902: 19892: 19882: 19872: 19855: 19831: 19821: 19811: 19756: 19734: 19695: 19653: 19471: 19470: 19454: 19447: 19440: 19431: 19430: 19407: 19400: 19287:African American 19169:Health insurance 19057:Household income 18927:National symbols 18858:American English 18831:Federal holidays 18740:household income 18673: 18672: 18669: 18668: 18473: 18472: 18411:Anti-Americanism 18335:Special district 18262:Independent city 18231:County executive 18214: 18213: 18008:Attorney general 17967: 17966: 17956:Federal District 17539:Executive Office 17519: 17518: 17510: 17509: 17506: 17505: 17266:populated places 17246:federal enclaves 17241:federal district 17219: 17218: 17082:American Century 17065:Great Depression 17060:Roaring Twenties 17020:Women's suffrage 16899:Halifax Resolves 16892:Founding Fathers 16887:military history 16852:Pre-colonial era 16776: 16775: 16755: 16748: 16741: 16732: 16731: 16556:Drug harmfulness 16551:Driving impaired 16370:Papua New Guinea 16139:Rolling meth lab 16112: 16111: 16101: 16100: 16090: 16089: 16055:Mexican drug war 15964:Cocaine legality 15949:Alcohol legality 15779:Demand reduction 15767:Supply reduction 15679: 15678: 15668: 15667: 15345:Drinking culture 15287:Medical cannabis 15247:Cannabis smoking 15204:Cannabis culture 15200: 15199: 15187: 15186: 15163:recreational use 15008:Hyoscyamus niger 14969:Salvia divinorum 14952:Amanita muscaria 14914:recreational use 14894:recreational use 14783: 14782: 14351:recreational use 14280: 14279: 14269: 14268: 14254: 14247: 14240: 14231: 14230: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14176: 14169: 14150:State Department 14115:Macmillan, 2003. 14094:Eric Schneider, 14087:Thomas C. Rowe, 14074: 14036: 14005: 13987: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13923: 13911: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13891: 13885: 13878: 13869: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13858: 13847:"An open letter" 13843: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13832: 13812: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13801: 13787: 13781: 13780: 13778: 13776: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13733: 13727: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13693: 13687: 13680: 13674: 13657: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13646: 13635:Collegiate Times 13626: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13615: 13600: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13589: 13572: 13563: 13556: 13550: 13543: 13537: 13530: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13519: 13507: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13486: 13484: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13441: 13435: 13434: 13427: 13421: 13420: 13413: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13369: 13358: 13350: 13344: 13343: 13333: 13301: 13295: 13282: 13276: 13263: 13257: 13247: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13221: 13215: 13214: 13209:. Archived from 13203: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13186: 13175: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13106: 13100: 13099: 13097: 13095: 13090:on July 18, 2006 13080: 13074: 13073:, March 27, 1993 13065: 13059: 13058: 13027: 13021: 13014: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13003: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12971: 12939: 12933: 12922: 12916: 12915: 12909: 12907: 12886: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12858: 12852: 12851: 12845: 12841: 12839: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12796: 12790: 12787:Drug Policy News 12784: 12778: 12777: 12737: 12731: 12730: 12713:(2/3): 189–212. 12702: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12670: 12664: 12663: 12661: 12659: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12572: 12566: 12565: 12559: 12557: 12540: 12534: 12533: 12531: 12529: 12520:. Archived from 12513: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12495:National Affairs 12485: 12479: 12466: 12460: 12459: 12453: 12447:. Archived from 12446: 12434: 12428: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12395: 12378: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12367: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12315: 12313: 12294: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12266: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12210: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12151: 12138: 12137: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12108: 12088: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12077: 12072:on June 22, 2010 12071: 12064: 12051: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12025: 12019: 12016: 12010: 12009: 12007: 12005: 11986: 11980: 11979: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11941: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11919: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11883: 11877: 11858: 11849: 11848: 11843: 11841: 11836:on July 15, 2007 11835: 11828: 11819: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11767: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11719: 11699: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11676:"Reefer Madness" 11671: 11665: 11664: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11627: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11597: 11591: 11573: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11559: 11542: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11522:. pp. A19. 11506: 11500: 11499: 11466: 11460: 11457: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11429: 11423: 11418: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11407: 11392: 11386: 11385: 11375: 11358:(1): 2024–2038. 11341: 11335: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11306: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11280:Business Insider 11270: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11214: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11178: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11156:Washington Times 11147: 11138: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11099: 11093: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11049: 11039: 11033: 11030: 11021: 11018: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 10998:. May 31, 2012. 10988: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10892: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10878: 10861: 10855: 10854: 10852: 10850: 10833: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10822: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10777: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10711: 10709: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10668: 10659: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10648: 10633: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10607: 10601: 10587: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10570: 10559: 10551: 10545: 10544: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10523: 10515: 10503: 10497: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10468: 10458: 10452: 10437: 10431: 10429: 10424:. Archived from 10405: 10399: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10361: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10266: 10260: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10217: 10211: 10210: 10204: 10202: 10185: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10174: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10101: 10095: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10067: 10058: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10038:. Archived from 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 9996: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9974:"Drug War Clock" 9970: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9959: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9922: 9911: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9880: 9872: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9845: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9827:Associated Press 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9795: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9740: 9734: 9733: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9702: 9696: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9674: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9646: 9637: 9636: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9604:Marijuana Moment 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9578:Science Magazine 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9401: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9373: 9367: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9307: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9278: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9094: 9086: 9080: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9041: 9035: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8996: 8990: 8978: 8972: 8959: 8953: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8900: 8892: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8864: 8855: 8842: 8833: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8783: 8777: 8773: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8745: 8736: 8735: 8721: 8715: 8704: 8698: 8680: 8674: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8610: 8601: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8575: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8530: 8524: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8436: 8430: 8423: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8373: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8327: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8300: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8252: 8250: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8182: 8173: 8170: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8134: 8125: 8118: 8112: 8108: 8099: 8092: 8086: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8053: 8042: 8037:The New Jim Crow 8032: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7985: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7948:www.congress.gov 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7745: 7739: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7723: 7715: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7682: 7676: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7651:UC Santa Barbara 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7544: 7542: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7514: 7512: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7482: 7480: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7362: 7360: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7257: 7251: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7198: 7190: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7095:UC Santa Barbara 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7057: 7051: 7034: 7028: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7002: 7000: 6988: 6982: 6978: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6887: 6876: 6867: 6861: 6844: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6815: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6668: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6631: 6625: 6618: 6612: 6609:The War on Drugs 6607:James Inciardi, 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6530: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6453: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6195: 6169: 6163: 6151: 6145: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6067: 6053: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5968: 5959:Lusane, Clarence 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5737: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5408: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5327: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5301:Senate of Canada 5291: 5276: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5157: 5146: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5068:. Archives.gov. 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4939: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4906: 4904: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4744: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4645:10.2307/27502847 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4446: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4391:"Felix Hoffmann" 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4308: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4273:web.stanford.edu 4265: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4231: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4197: 4186: 4185: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4001: 3990: 3989: 3945: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3907: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3876: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3695: 3686: 3685: 3649: 3640: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3571: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3425: 3416: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3369: 3283:Victimless crime 3171:Jeffrey A. Miron 3119:demand reduction 3098:A survey by the 2950:medical cannabis 2914:Alberto Fujimori 2858:RAND Corporation 2833: 2832: 2821: 2820: 2813:Supply reduction 2772:James Bloodworth 2687:2000 concerning 2686: 2389:In 2018, the US 2117:Mexican drug war 2100:Mexican drug war 2096:RAND Corporation 2094:A report by the 1994: 1991: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1891:money laundering 1856:metaphorical war 1673:Under President 1479:overprescription 1456:Democratic Party 1353:Elizabeth Hinton 1228:(1974-1977) and 883:Senate of Canada 819:Great Depression 701:overprescription 664:over-the-counter 515: 511: 507: 472:drug prohibition 428: 234: 233: 226: 215: 208: 201: 192: 191: 171:Drug traffickers 155: 153: 152: 125: 123: 122: 77: 76: 53: 41: 40: 21: 33328: 33327: 33323: 33322: 33321: 33319: 33318: 33317: 33183: 33182: 33181: 33176: 33137: 33044: 33018:s "Diamond Joe" 33015: 32985:The Choice 2020 32969: 32963: 32900: 32887:Promise Me, Dad 32865: 32832:(granddaughter) 32740: 32568: 32503: 32448: 32412:Vice presidency 32390: 32358: 32353: 32323: 32318: 32309: 32300: 32292: 32283: 32276: 32269: 32262: 32255: 32248: 32241: 32234: 32227: 32220: 32213: 32200: 32193: 32184: 32177: 32170: 32163: 32156: 32147: 32140: 32133: 32128: 32119: 32112: 32105: 32096: 32091:China trade war 32089: 32082: 32075: 32068: 32051: 32043: 32036: 32029: 32022: 32015: 32008: 32000: 31992: 31984: 31973: 31964: 31957: 31952:Helsinki summit 31950: 31943: 31936: 31927: 31920: 31913: 31906: 31899: 31892: 31885: 31878: 31871: 31862: 31855: 31848: 31841: 31836: 31827: 31820: 31813: 31806: 31801: 31792: 31785: 31778: 31771: 31766: 31757: 31750: 31743: 31736: 31731: 31724: 31707: 31700: 31691: 31684: 31677: 31670: 31663: 31656: 31649: 31640: 31633: 31626: 31619: 31612: 31605: 31596: 31589: 31580: 31573: 31566: 31557: 31550: 31543: 31536: 31529: 31522: 31515: 31508: 31503: 31496: 31489: 31482: 31475: 31468: 31461: 31454: 31445: 31438: 31431: 31424: 31417: 31410: 31403: 31396: 31389: 31380: 31373: 31366: 31359: 31354:Farmer bailouts 31352: 31345: 31336: 31331:Helsinki summit 31329: 31322: 31315: 31306: 31299: 31292: 31285: 31278: 31271: 31262: 31255: 31248: 31241: 31236:Abraham Accords 31234: 31225: 31218: 31211: 31204: 31197: 31190: 31183: 31176: 31169: 31160: 31153: 31144: 31137: 31130: 31123: 31116: 31107: 31100: 31093: 31084: 31077: 31070: 31063: 31056: 31047: 31040: 31035: 31028: 31021: 31012: 31005: 30998: 30993:Opinion polling 30991: 30982: 30975: 30968: 30957: 30951: 30921: 30916: 30907: 30898: 30890: 30885:Paris Agreement 30883: 30872: 30865: 30858: 30851: 30844: 30837: 30830: 30817: 30808: 30801: 30796: 30789: 30782: 30775: 30768: 30761:Economic policy 30755: 30746: 30739: 30732: 30725: 30718: 30711: 30704: 30697: 30690: 30683: 30676: 30669: 30662: 30657:Cannabis policy 30655: 30648: 30641: 30634: 30628:Domestic policy 30623: 30616: 30609: 30602: 30595: 30586: 30579: 30572: 30567:Benghazi attack 30565: 30558: 30551: 30542: 30535: 30530: 30523: 30514: 30507: 30500: 30493: 30486: 30477: 30470: 30463: 30456: 30439: 30432: 30425: 30418: 30411: 30404: 30397: 30390: 30382: 30374: 30363: 30356: 30347: 30340: 30333: 30326: 30317: 30308: 30301: 30294: 30287: 30280: 30273: 30266: 30257: 30250: 30243: 30236: 30229: 30222: 30215: 30208: 30201: 30194: 30187: 30180: 30173: 30156: 30150: 30120: 30103: 30098: 30089: 30080: 30072: 30065: 30058: 30049: 30042: 30035: 30028: 30021: 30012: 30005: 29998: 29991: 29984: 29976: 29969: 29962: 29955: 29948: 29941: 29934: 29925: 29918: 29911: 29904: 29897: 29890: 29883: 29876: 29867: 29860: 29851: 29844: 29837: 29830: 29823: 29816: 29809: 29802: 29793: 29786: 29779: 29772: 29765:Economic policy 29759: 29752: 29745: 29738: 29731: 29724: 29715: 29708: 29701: 29692: 29685: 29678:Medicare Part D 29676: 29669: 29662:Disaster relief 29660: 29653: 29646: 29639: 29632: 29623: 29616: 29607: 29600: 29593: 29586: 29579: 29572: 29565: 29558: 29551: 29544: 29537: 29530: 29523: 29516: 29509: 29502: 29495: 29488: 29483:9/11 Commission 29481: 29474: 29467: 29460: 29453: 29446: 29439: 29432: 29425: 29418:Domestic policy 29412: 29405: 29398: 29391: 29384: 29377: 29370: 29361: 29354: 29347: 29340: 29335:Afghanistan War 29333: 29326: 29319: 29310: 29303: 29296: 29289: 29282: 29275: 29268: 29261: 29254:Slovakia summit 29252: 29247:Slovenia summit 29245: 29238: 29229: 29222: 29215: 29208: 29201: 29194: 29185: 29178: 29171: 29164: 29157: 29150: 29143: 29136: 29129: 29122: 29115: 29108: 29101: 29094: 29085: 29080:by Colin Powell 29078: 29071: 29064: 29047: 29040: 29033: 29026: 29019: 29012: 29005: 28998: 28991: 28984: 28976: 28968: 28957: 28950: 28941: 28934: 28927: 28920: 28913: 28906: 28899: 28892: 28883: 28876: 28869: 28862: 28855: 28848: 28841: 28834: 28827: 28820: 28811: 28804: 28797: 28790: 28783: 28776: 28769: 28762: 28755: 28748: 28741: 28734: 28717: 28711: 28681: 28664: 28659: 28650: 28641: 28633: 28626: 28619: 28610: 28603: 28594: 28587: 28580: 28567: 28560: 28551: 28544: 28537: 28532:Riegle-Neal Act 28530: 28523: 28516: 28509: 28502: 28495:Economic policy 28489: 28482: 28475: 28468: 28461: 28454: 28447: 28441:Domestic policy 28436: 28429: 28422: 28415: 28406: 28399: 28394: 28387: 28380: 28373: 28366: 28359: 28350: 28343: 28336: 28329: 28312: 28305: 28298: 28291: 28284: 28277: 28270: 28263: 28255: 28247: 28236: 28231:Bush transition 28229: 28220: 28213: 28206: 28197: 28190: 28183: 28174: 28167: 28158: 28150: 28143: 28134: 28127: 28118: 28111: 28104: 28097: 28090: 28083: 28076: 28069: 28062: 28055: 28048: 28041: 28028: 28022: 27992: 27975: 27970: 27961: 27952: 27944: 27937: 27930: 27923: 27916: 27909: 27900: 27893: 27886: 27879: 27872: 27865: 27858: 27851: 27846:JFK Records Act 27844: 27837: 27830: 27823: 27814: 27807: 27798: 27791: 27784: 27775: 27768: 27761: 27754: 27747: 27740: 27733: 27726: 27719: 27710: 27703: 27696: 27691:Cannabis policy 27689: 27682: 27675: 27668: 27662:Domestic policy 27657: 27650: 27641: 27634: 27629:New world order 27627: 27620: 27613: 27606: 27599: 27590: 27583: 27576: 27559: 27552: 27545: 27538: 27531: 27523: 27512: 27505: 27496: 27489: 27482: 27473: 27466: 27459: 27452: 27445: 27438: 27431: 27424: 27417: 27410: 27403: 27394: 27387: 27380: 27373: 27366: 27359: 27352: 27339: 27333: 27303: 27286: 27281: 27272: 27263: 27255: 27248: 27241: 27234: 27227: 27220: 27211: 27204: 27197: 27190: 27183: 27176: 27171:Reagan tax cuts 27169: 27162: 27155: 27146: 27139: 27132: 27125: 27118: 27109: 27102: 27095: 27088: 27081: 27074: 27067: 27060: 27051: 27044: 27037: 27030: 27023:Economic policy 27017: 27010: 27003: 26996: 26989: 26982: 26975: 26966: 26959: 26952: 26945: 26938: 26931: 26924: 26917: 26910: 26903: 26896: 26889: 26882: 26875: 26866: 26859: 26850: 26843: 26834: 26827: 26820: 26813: 26806: 26799: 26794:Cannabis policy 26792: 26785: 26776: 26769: 26762: 26755: 26748:Domestic policy 26742: 26735: 26728: 26719: 26712: 26705: 26698: 26689: 26682: 26675: 26668: 26661: 26654: 26647: 26640: 26633: 26624: 26617: 26610: 26603: 26596: 26589: 26582: 26573: 26566: 26557: 26550: 26543: 26536: 26529: 26520: 26513: 26506: 26501:Reagan Doctrine 26499: 26482: 26475: 26468: 26461: 26454: 26447: 26440: 26433: 26425: 26417: 26409: 26396: 26387: 26380: 26373: 26368:Opinion polling 26366: 26359: 26354:Bush transition 26352: 26345: 26336: 26329: 26322: 26315: 26308: 26301: 26290: 26283: 26270: 26264: 26234: 26217: 26212: 26193:Ronald Reagan → 26176: 26171:Hugh Carter Jr. 26105:Rosalynn Carter 26093: 26087:Man from Plains 26040: 26003: 25945: 25938: 25846: 25780:Post-presidency 25770: 25695: 25665: 25608: 25536: 25529: 25462: 25339:Economic policy 25334: 25279:Cannabis policy 25272:Domestic policy 25267: 25200:Algiers Accords 25190:1979 oil crisis 25138:Carter Doctrine 25124: 25110:Rabbit incident 25029: 25021: 25013: 25002: 24991: 24983: 24978: 24948: 24943: 24934: 24925: 24917: 24910: 24903: 24896: 24887: 24880: 24873: 24866: 24859: 24852: 24844: 24837: 24828: 24821: 24814: 24807: 24798: 24791: 24784: 24771: 24764: 24757: 24750: 24741: 24734: 24727: 24718: 24711: 24702: 24695: 24686: 24679: 24672: 24663: 24656: 24649: 24640: 24633: 24626: 24620:Economic policy 24615: 24608: 24601: 24594: 24585: 24578: 24571: 24564: 24559:Cannabis policy 24557: 24551:Domestic policy 24546: 24539: 24532: 24525: 24518: 24511: 24504: 24491: 24484: 24477: 24468: 24461: 24454: 24445: 24438: 24431: 24424: 24417: 24410: 24401: 24394: 24389: 24382: 24375: 24368: 24355: 24349: 24319: 24302: 24297: 24288: 24279: 24271: 24264: 24257: 24248: 24241: 24231: 24224: 24215: 24208: 24203:Watergate Seven 24201: 24194: 24187: 24178: 24171: 24164: 24157: 24144: 24137: 24130: 24123: 24116: 24109: 24102: 24095: 24086: 24079: 24072: 24063: 24056: 24049: 24042: 24035: 24028: 24023:Clean Water Act 24021: 24014: 24007: 23998: 23991: 23984: 23976: 23969: 23962: 23955: 23948: 23941: 23934: 23927: 23920: 23913: 23906: 23899: 23890: 23883: 23874: 23867: 23860: 23851: 23844: 23837: 23830: 23821: 23814: 23807: 23800: 23791: 23784: 23777: 23770: 23763: 23756: 23749: 23742: 23735:Economic policy 23729: 23720: 23713: 23706: 23699: 23692: 23685: 23678:Cannabis policy 23676: 23669: 23662: 23655: 23648: 23641: 23634: 23627: 23620: 23613: 23606: 23599: 23590: 23583: 23576: 23567: 23560: 23553: 23546: 23539: 23533:Domestic policy 23528: 23521: 23516:Operation CHAOS 23514: 23505: 23498: 23491: 23484: 23477: 23470: 23463: 23456: 23447: 23440: 23435:Tar Baby option 23433: 23424: 23419:Cold War period 23417: 23408: 23399: 23392: 23385: 23378: 23371: 23364: 23351: 23344: 23337: 23328: 23321: 23314: 23307: 23300: 23293: 23286: 23279: 23272: 23265: 23258: 23253:Silent majority 23251: 23244: 23233: 23226: 23219: 23206: 23200: 23170: 23153: 23148: 23134: 23132: 23122: 23120: 23108: 23106: 23094: 23092: 23081: 23079: 23058: 23056: 23048: 23044: 23030: 23028: 23024: 23015: 23013: 23002: 23000: 22989: 22987: 22976: 22974: 22963: 22961: 22950: 22948: 22937: 22935: 22917: 22915: 22907: 22878: 22876: 22846:National Police 22809: 22795:FARC dissidents 22727: 22725: 22710: 22705: 22701:FARC-EP in Peru 22646: 22637: 22631: 22629: 22628: 22627: 22593: 22586: 22584: 22556: 22549: 22547: 22509: 22502: 22308: 22274: 22268: 22238: 22225: 22201:Narco-submarine 22157: 22127: 22126: 22099: 22046: 21884: 21883: 21856: 21704:Baja California 21691: 21634: 21633: 21606: 21550: 21485: 21405: 21404: 21377: 21284: 21245: 21224: 21192: 21142: 21121: 21093: 21038: 21017: 20980: 20943: 20908: 20887: 20855: 20830: 20810: 20789: 20766: 20734: 20714: 20693: 20640: 20615: 20590: 20569: 20491: 20470: 20447: 20394: 20373: 20362: 20341: 20293: 20280: 20265: 20254: 20249: 20219: 20214: 20200: 20174: 20169: 20155: 20150: 20129: 20127: 20116: 20114: 20103: 20101: 20090: 20088: 20070: 20068: 20059: 20054: 20045: 20040: 20025: 20016:National Police 19979: 19965:Fighters+Lovers 19943:Provisional IRA 19918: 19913: 19847: 19842: 19833:FARC dissidents 19799: 19788: 19780: 19778: 19777: 19776: 19757: 19750: 19748: 19735: 19728: 19726: 19696: 19689: 19687: 19654: 19647: 19610: 19579: 19543: 19500: 19464: 19458: 19428: 19423: 19410: 19403: 19396: 19379: 19365:Opioid epidemic 19282:Native American 19262:intersex rights 19213: 19209:Life expectancy 19199:Medical deserts 19189:Race and health 19086: 19072:Personal income 19018: 18922:National anthem 18755:personal income 18720:Economic issues 18654: 18606: 18454: 18354: 18343:School district 18329: 18312:Minor divisions 18306: 18245: 18203: 18142: 18128:Statutory codes 18109: 18072: 18049: 17959: 17954: 17941: 17876: 17833:civil liberties 17814: 17805:Other tribunals 17784:District courts 17736: 17695:current members 17678:current members 17659: 17593:Law enforcement 17491: 17204: 17153: 17144:Great Recession 17015:Progressive Era 17005:Native genocide 16936:Perpetual Union 16924:Treaty of Paris 16882:United Colonies 16840: 16765: 16759: 16729: 16716: 16674: 16668: 16644:Reagent testing 16602: 16593:Passive smoking 16523: 16513: 16143: 16129:Drug precursors 16116: 16107: 16105: 16095: 16076: 16030:Drug possession 16005:Cannabis rights 15988: 15984:Salvia legality 15937: 15828: 15822: 15730: 15673: 15654: 15635:Self-medication 15553: 15549:Tobacco smoking 15511:Smoking culture 15505: 15442: 15339: 15306: 15262:Cannabis vaping 15232:Cannabis rights 15227:Cannabis edible 15194: 15173: 15114: 15110:Silene capensis 15091: 15029: 15025:Diphenhydramine 14975: 14876: 14772: 14717: 14669:Methylphenidate 14659:Methamphetamine 14550: 14413: 14297:Benzodiazepines 14274: 14263: 14258: 14198: 14180: 14178: 14174: 14167: 14129: 13984: 13966: 13965: 13964: 13949: 13948: 13944: 13937: 13935:Further reading 13932: 13931: 13921: 13919: 13909: 13903: 13899: 13889: 13887: 13883: 13876: 13870: 13866: 13856: 13854: 13845: 13844: 13840: 13830: 13828: 13813: 13809: 13799: 13797: 13789: 13788: 13784: 13774: 13772: 13762: 13758: 13748: 13746: 13745:. June 26, 2009 13735: 13734: 13730: 13721: 13717: 13707: 13705: 13695: 13694: 13690: 13681: 13677: 13672:Wayback Machine 13658: 13654: 13644: 13642: 13627: 13623: 13613: 13611: 13602: 13601: 13597: 13587: 13585: 13573: 13566: 13557: 13553: 13544: 13540: 13531: 13527: 13517: 13515: 13505: 13501: 13500: 13496: 13482: 13480: 13468: 13464: 13454: 13452: 13443: 13442: 13438: 13429: 13428: 13424: 13415: 13414: 13407: 13397: 13395: 13383: 13379: 13367: 13356: 13352: 13351: 13347: 13302: 13298: 13292:Wayback Machine 13283: 13279: 13273:Wayback Machine 13264: 13260: 13248: 13244: 13234: 13232: 13223: 13222: 13218: 13205: 13204: 13200: 13190: 13188: 13184: 13173: 13167: 13163: 13153: 13151: 13138: 13137: 13133: 13123: 13121: 13108: 13107: 13103: 13093: 13091: 13082: 13081: 13077: 13066: 13062: 13047: 13028: 13024: 13015: 13011: 13001: 12999: 12990: 12989: 12985: 12940: 12936: 12923: 12919: 12905: 12903: 12888: 12887: 12883: 12873: 12871: 12859: 12855: 12843: 12842: 12833: 12832: 12825: 12823: 12821: 12797: 12793: 12785: 12781: 12738: 12734: 12703: 12699: 12689: 12687: 12671: 12667: 12657: 12655: 12637: 12633: 12623: 12621: 12619: 12603: 12599: 12589: 12587: 12574: 12573: 12569: 12555: 12553: 12550:TheGuardian.com 12541: 12537: 12527: 12525: 12524:on July 7, 2012 12514: 12510: 12500: 12498: 12486: 12482: 12476:Wayback Machine 12467: 12463: 12451: 12444: 12438:Redlich, Warren 12435: 12431: 12421: 12419: 12408: 12407: 12403: 12393: 12391: 12379: 12375: 12365: 12363: 12360:FiveThirtyEight 12351: 12347: 12337: 12335: 12334:. April 1, 2014 12326: 12325: 12321: 12311: 12309: 12296: 12295: 12291: 12281: 12279: 12267: 12263: 12253: 12251: 12239: 12235: 12225: 12223: 12220:Washington Post 12211: 12204: 12194: 12192: 12181: 12180: 12176: 12166: 12164: 12152: 12141: 12134: 12120: 12116: 12106: 12104: 12089: 12085: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12062: 12052: 12048: 12038: 12036: 12026: 12022: 12017: 12013: 12003: 12001: 11988: 11987: 11983: 11972: 11968: 11958: 11956: 11943: 11942: 11938: 11928: 11926: 11917: 11911: 11907: 11897: 11895: 11885: 11884: 11880: 11868:Wayback Machine 11859: 11852: 11839: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11820: 11816: 11806: 11804: 11787: 11783: 11776:Allyn and Bacon 11768: 11764: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11747: 11732: 11731: 11727: 11717: 11715: 11700: 11696: 11686: 11684: 11672: 11668: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11639: 11637: 11628: 11624: 11614: 11612: 11599: 11598: 11594: 11584:Wayback Machine 11574: 11567: 11557: 11555: 11544: 11543: 11539: 11529: 11527: 11510:Will, George F. 11507: 11503: 11467: 11463: 11458: 11454: 11444: 11442: 11439:Washington Post 11430: 11426: 11419: 11415: 11405: 11403: 11394: 11393: 11389: 11342: 11338: 11330: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11304: 11300: 11299: 11295: 11285: 11283: 11271: 11267: 11257: 11255: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11215: 11208: 11179: 11175: 11165: 11163: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11130: 11120: 11118: 11100: 11096: 11086: 11084: 11069: 11065: 11058: 11040: 11036: 11031: 11024: 11019: 11015: 11005: 11003: 10990: 10989: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10939: 10921: 10917: 10907: 10905: 10894: 10893: 10886: 10876: 10874: 10862: 10858: 10848: 10846: 10834: 10830: 10820: 10818: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10778: 10774: 10764: 10762: 10752: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10722: 10721: 10717: 10707: 10705: 10692: 10691: 10687: 10677: 10675: 10666: 10660: 10656: 10646: 10644: 10635: 10634: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10598:Wayback Machine 10588: 10584: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10557: 10553: 10552: 10548: 10537: 10533: 10517: 10516: 10504: 10500: 10492: 10488: 10481: 10459: 10455: 10448:Wayback Machine 10438: 10434: 10422: 10406: 10402: 10393:Wayback Machine 10383: 10379: 10369: 10367: 10359: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10340: 10338: 10326: 10322: 10312: 10310: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10267: 10263: 10257:Wayback Machine 10248: 10244: 10234: 10232: 10219: 10218: 10214: 10200: 10198: 10195:Washington Post 10186: 10182: 10172: 10170: 10159: 10158: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10114: 10103: 10102: 10098: 10090: 10086: 10076: 10074: 10065: 10059: 10055: 10045: 10043: 10042:on May 14, 2013 10028: 10024: 10014: 10012: 9997: 9993: 9983: 9981: 9972: 9971: 9967: 9957: 9955: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9920: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9878: 9874: 9873: 9869: 9859: 9857: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9832: 9830: 9818: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9793: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9759: 9755: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9722: 9718: 9703: 9699: 9689: 9687: 9675: 9671: 9661: 9659: 9647: 9640: 9622: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9596: 9592: 9582: 9580: 9570: 9566: 9556: 9554: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9429: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9411:. June 27, 2018 9403: 9402: 9398: 9388: 9386: 9374: 9370: 9365:Wayback Machine 9355: 9351: 9341: 9339: 9338:. April 1, 2022 9328: 9327: 9323: 9300: 9296: 9279: 9270: 9262: 9258: 9248: 9246: 9235: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9151: 9150: 9146: 9130: 9126: 9118: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9070: 9066: 9056: 9054: 9043: 9042: 9038: 9032:Wayback Machine 9023: 9019: 9009: 9007: 8997: 8993: 8988:Wayback Machine 8979: 8975: 8969:Wayback Machine 8960: 8956: 8950:Wayback Machine 8941: 8937: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8920: 8910: 8908: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8865: 8858: 8852:Wayback Machine 8843: 8836: 8824:Wayback Machine 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8746: 8739: 8722: 8718: 8705: 8701: 8681: 8677: 8660: 8656: 8646: 8644: 8632: 8628: 8611: 8604: 8599: 8595: 8585: 8583: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8531: 8527: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8490: 8486: 8479: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8449: 8437: 8433: 8424: 8420: 8410: 8408: 8405:Washington Post 8396: 8392: 8382: 8380: 8371: 8365: 8361: 8354: 8328: 8324: 8314: 8312: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8248: 8246: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8183: 8176: 8171: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8135: 8128: 8120:Jesse Ventura. 8119: 8115: 8109: 8102: 8093: 8089: 8082: 8078: 8068: 8066: 8054: 8045: 8033: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8009:Pulitzer Center 8000: 7996: 7983: 7981: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7898: 7895:Washington Post 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7858: 7854: 7844: 7842: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7774: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7733: 7717: 7716: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7683: 7679: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7613: 7609: 7592: 7588: 7580: 7576: 7570:Wayback Machine 7561: 7554: 7540: 7538: 7528: 7524: 7510: 7508: 7496: 7492: 7478: 7476: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7406: 7402: 7392: 7390: 7383:www.danbaum.com 7377: 7376: 7372: 7358: 7356: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7328: 7326: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7300: 7298: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7258: 7254: 7245: 7241: 7225: 7224: 7212: 7208: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7150:Washington Post 7141: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7058: 7054: 7044:Wayback Machine 7035: 7031: 7025:Wayback Machine 7016: 7012: 6998: 6996: 6989: 6985: 6965: 6961: 6951: 6949: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6874: 6868: 6864: 6854:Wayback Machine 6845: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6739: 6735: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6703:. April 2, 2007 6693: 6692: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6619: 6615: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6505: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6477: 6473: 6451: 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6419: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6361: 6357: 6343: 6341: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6257: 6245: 6241: 6231: 6229: 6217: 6213: 6170: 6166: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6113: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6051: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5956: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5855: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5816: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5777: 5761: 5757: 5750: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5668:Wayback Machine 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5635: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5568: 5564: 5536:Social Problems 5527: 5523: 5516: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5476: 5474: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5292: 5279: 5265: 5263: 5251: 5247: 5233: 5231: 5221: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5158: 5149: 5135: 5133: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4902: 4900: 4868: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4709: 4705: 4689: 4688: 4681: 4679: 4672: 4668: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4610:Consumers Union 4601: 4597: 4589: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4559: 4558: 4551: 4537: 4535: 4523: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4501:Washington Post 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4464: 4460: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4360: 4356: 4343: 4341: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4299: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4232: 4225: 4212: 4210: 4198: 4189: 4178: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4130: 4111: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4066: 4064: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4003: 4002: 3993: 3946: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3917:The Smithsonian 3908: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3812: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3761:. June 18, 1971 3758:Palm Beach Post 3751: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3696: 3689: 3650: 3643: 3638: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3604: 3600: 3586: 3584: 3573: 3572: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3533: 3529: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3468: 3464: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3310:Golden Triangle 3305:Golden Crescent 3203: 3163:Vernon L. Smith 3155:Milton Friedman 3152:Nobel Laureates 3132: 3056: 3043: 3037: 3022: 2941: 2891:methamphetamine 2830: 2824:External videos 2819: 2809: 2764:Writing in the 2750: 2736:burden of proof 2732:Commerce Clause 2716: 2710: 2677: 2671: 2639: 2583: 2532: 2526: 2517: 2430: 2424: 2400: 2398:Domestic impact 2359:as part of the 2353: 2343: 2330: 2241:1980s civil war 2170: 2168:Central America 2119: 2113: 2080:aerial spraying 2033: 2028: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1950: 1942:Main articles: 1940: 1914:Washington Post 1903:Gustavo Gorriti 1899: 1868: 1831: 1778: 1747:non-medical use 1712:opioid epidemic 1688: 1594: 1563:Gil Kerlikowske 1510: 1508:Growing dissent 1475:opioid epidemic 1404: 1362:methamphetamine 1316: 1287:Customs Service 1238: 1198:John Ehrlichman 1194: 1185:executive order 1159:Chicago Tribune 1137: 1097: 1008: 929:Randolph Hearst 913: 850: 764: 696: 625: 617:US Constitution 577: 567: 559:synthetic drugs 513: 509: 505: 464:global campaign 456: 455: 454: 449: 426: 419: 227: 221: 219: 150: 148: 138:US Armed Forces 120: 118: 95: 84: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 33326: 33316: 33315: 33310: 33305: 33300: 33295: 33290: 33285: 33280: 33275: 33270: 33265: 33260: 33255: 33250: 33245: 33240: 33235: 33230: 33225: 33220: 33215: 33210: 33205: 33200: 33195: 33178: 33177: 33175: 33174: 33163: 33162: 33157: 33151: 33150: 33147:← Donald Trump 33142: 33139: 33138: 33136: 33135: 33130: 33125: 33122:Situation Room 33118: 33113: 33108: 33103: 33098: 33093: 33088: 33083: 33078: 33073: 33068: 33063: 33058: 33052: 33050: 33046: 33045: 33043: 33042: 33039:Spitting Image 33035: 33027: 33020: 33009: 33002: 32995: 32988: 32981: 32973: 32971: 32965: 32964: 32962: 32961: 32958:Vilnius speech 32955: 32949: 32943: 32942: 32941: 32936: 32931: 32921: 32915: 32908: 32906: 32902: 32901: 32899: 32898: 32890: 32883: 32875: 32873: 32867: 32866: 32864: 32863: 32862: 32861: 32853: 32852: 32851: 32846: 32841: 32833: 32827: 32821: 32818:Kathleen Buhle 32815: 32809: 32803: 32797: 32791: 32785: 32779: 32773: 32767: 32761: 32754: 32752: 32746: 32745: 32742: 32741: 32739: 32738: 32737: 32736: 32731: 32730: 32729: 32724: 32714: 32713: 32712: 32697: 32696: 32695: 32690: 32685: 32680: 32675: 32670: 32665: 32664: 32663: 32658: 32648: 32647: 32646: 32641: 32636: 32631: 32626: 32616: 32606: 32605: 32604: 32599: 32589: 32588: 32587: 32576: 32574: 32570: 32569: 32567: 32566: 32565: 32564: 32559: 32554: 32544: 32543: 32542: 32537: 32532: 32527: 32522: 32511: 32509: 32505: 32504: 32502: 32501: 32496: 32491: 32486: 32481: 32476: 32471: 32465: 32463: 32456: 32450: 32449: 32447: 32446: 32441: 32436: 32431: 32426: 32425: 32424: 32419: 32409: 32404: 32398: 32396: 32392: 32391: 32389: 32388: 32379: 32370: 32369:(2021–present) 32363: 32360: 32359: 32352: 32351: 32344: 32337: 32329: 32320: 32319: 32317: 32316: 32307: 32297: 32294: 32293: 32291: 32290: 32289: 32288: 32281: 32274: 32260: 32253: 32246: 32239: 32232: 32225: 32224: 32223: 32210: 32208: 32202: 32201: 32199: 32198: 32191: 32190: 32189: 32175: 32168: 32165:Infrastructure 32161: 32154: 32153: 32152: 32145: 32138: 32129:Foreign policy 32126: 32125: 32124: 32117: 32103: 32102: 32101: 32094: 32087: 32080: 32065: 32063: 32057: 32056: 32053: 32052: 32050: 32049: 32041: 32034: 32027: 32020: 32013: 32006: 31998: 31990: 31981: 31979: 31975: 31974: 31972: 31971: 31970: 31969: 31962: 31955: 31948: 31941: 31934: 31933: 31932: 31929:by Mike Pompeo 31925: 31911: 31904: 31897: 31890: 31876: 31869: 31868: 31867: 31860: 31853: 31846: 31834: 31833: 31832: 31825: 31818: 31811: 31799: 31798: 31797: 31790: 31783: 31776: 31764: 31763: 31762: 31755: 31748: 31741: 31729: 31726:First 100 days 31721: 31715: 31709: 31708: 31706: 31705: 31698: 31697: 31696: 31689: 31682: 31675: 31668: 31654: 31647: 31646: 31645: 31638: 31631: 31624: 31617: 31603: 31602: 31601: 31598:Stop the Steal 31587: 31586: 31585: 31571: 31564: 31563: 31562: 31555: 31548: 31541: 31534: 31527: 31520: 31513: 31501: 31494: 31487: 31480: 31473: 31466: 31459: 31452: 31451: 31450: 31443: 31429: 31422: 31415: 31408: 31401: 31394: 31387: 31386: 31385: 31378: 31364: 31357: 31350: 31343: 31342: 31341: 31334: 31320: 31313: 31312: 31311: 31304: 31297: 31290: 31276: 31269: 31268: 31267: 31260: 31253: 31246: 31232: 31231: 31230: 31223: 31216: 31202: 31195: 31188: 31181: 31174: 31167: 31166: 31165: 31151: 31150: 31149: 31142: 31135: 31128: 31114: 31113: 31112: 31105: 31091: 31090: 31089: 31082: 31075: 31068: 31054: 31053: 31052: 31045: 31033: 31026: 31019: 31018: 31017: 31010: 31003: 30989: 30988: 30987: 30973: 30965: 30963: 30959: 30958: 30950: 30949: 30942: 30935: 30927: 30918: 30917: 30915: 30914: 30905: 30895: 30892: 30891: 30889: 30888: 30880: 30878: 30874: 30873: 30871: 30870: 30863: 30856: 30849: 30842: 30835: 30827: 30825: 30819: 30818: 30816: 30815: 30814: 30813: 30806: 30794: 30787: 30784:Dodd–Frank Act 30780: 30773: 30765: 30763: 30757: 30756: 30754: 30753: 30752: 30751: 30744: 30737: 30730: 30723: 30716: 30709: 30702: 30692:Domestic trips 30688: 30681: 30674: 30667: 30660: 30653: 30646: 30639: 30631: 30629: 30625: 30624: 30622: 30621: 30614: 30607: 30600: 30593: 30592: 30591: 30584: 30570: 30563: 30556: 30549: 30548: 30547: 30540: 30528: 30521: 30520: 30519: 30512: 30505: 30498: 30484: 30483: 30482: 30475: 30461: 30458:Obama Doctrine 30453: 30451: 30449:Foreign policy 30445: 30444: 30441: 30440: 30438: 30437: 30430: 30423: 30416: 30409: 30402: 30395: 30388: 30380: 30371: 30369: 30365: 30364: 30362: 30361: 30354: 30353: 30352: 30345: 30338: 30324: 30323: 30322: 30315: 30314: 30313: 30306: 30299: 30278: 30271: 30264: 30263: 30262: 30255: 30248: 30241: 30234: 30227: 30220: 30213: 30199: 30196:First 100 days 30192: 30185: 30178: 30170: 30164: 30158: 30157: 30149: 30148: 30141: 30134: 30126: 30100: 30099: 30097: 30096: 30087: 30077: 30074: 30073: 30071: 30070: 30063: 30056: 30055: 30054: 30040: 30033: 30026: 30019: 30018: 30017: 30010: 30003: 29989: 29981: 29979: 29971: 29970: 29968: 29967: 29960: 29953: 29946: 29939: 29932: 29931: 29930: 29923: 29909: 29902: 29895: 29888: 29881: 29874: 29873: 29872: 29858: 29857: 29856: 29853:Red Flags Rule 29849: 29835: 29828: 29821: 29814: 29807: 29800: 29799: 29798: 29791: 29777: 29769: 29767: 29761: 29760: 29758: 29757: 29750: 29743: 29736: 29729: 29722: 29721: 29720: 29706: 29699: 29698: 29697: 29683: 29682: 29681: 29667: 29666: 29665: 29658: 29644: 29637: 29630: 29629: 29628: 29614: 29613: 29612: 29605: 29598: 29591: 29584: 29577: 29570: 29563: 29556: 29549: 29542: 29535: 29528: 29521: 29514: 29507: 29500: 29493: 29486: 29479: 29465: 29458: 29451: 29444: 29437: 29430: 29422: 29420: 29414: 29413: 29411: 29410: 29403: 29396: 29389: 29382: 29375: 29368: 29367: 29366: 29363:2008 Iraq SOFA 29359: 29356:financial cost 29352: 29345: 29342:2002 Iraq AUMF 29338: 29331: 29317: 29316: 29315: 29308: 29301: 29294: 29287: 29273: 29266: 29259: 29258: 29257: 29250: 29240:Russia summits 29236: 29235: 29234: 29220: 29213: 29206: 29199: 29192: 29191: 29190: 29183: 29176: 29169: 29162: 29155: 29148: 29141: 29134: 29127: 29120: 29113: 29099: 29092: 29091: 29090: 29083: 29069: 29061: 29059: 29057:Foreign policy 29053: 29052: 29049: 29048: 29046: 29045: 29038: 29031: 29024: 29017: 29010: 29003: 28996: 28989: 28982: 28974: 28965: 28963: 28959: 28958: 28956: 28955: 28948: 28947: 28946: 28939: 28932: 28925: 28911: 28904: 28897: 28890: 28889: 28888: 28881: 28874: 28867: 28860: 28846: 28839: 28832: 28825: 28818: 28817: 28816: 28809: 28802: 28795: 28788: 28781: 28774: 28767: 28753: 28746: 28739: 28731: 28725: 28719: 28718: 28710: 28709: 28702: 28695: 28687: 28661: 28660: 28658: 28657: 28648: 28638: 28635: 28634: 28632: 28631: 28624: 28617: 28608: 28601: 28600: 28599: 28592: 28577: 28575: 28569: 28568: 28566: 28565: 28558: 28557: 28556: 28549: 28535: 28528: 28521: 28514: 28507: 28499: 28497: 28491: 28490: 28488: 28487: 28480: 28473: 28466: 28459: 28452: 28444: 28442: 28438: 28437: 28435: 28434: 28427: 28420: 28413: 28412: 28411: 28404: 28392: 28385: 28378: 28371: 28364: 28357: 28356: 28355: 28348: 28334: 28326: 28324: 28322:Foreign policy 28318: 28317: 28314: 28313: 28311: 28310: 28303: 28296: 28289: 28282: 28275: 28268: 28261: 28253: 28244: 28242: 28235: 28234: 28227: 28226: 28225: 28218: 28204: 28203: 28202: 28195: 28181: 28180: 28179: 28172: 28165: 28164: 28163: 28141: 28140: 28139: 28125: 28124: 28123: 28116: 28109: 28102: 28095: 28088: 28081: 28074: 28060: 28053: 28046: 28038: 28036: 28030: 28029: 28021: 28020: 28013: 28006: 27998: 27972: 27971: 27969: 27968: 27959: 27949: 27946: 27945: 27943: 27942: 27935: 27928: 27921: 27914: 27907: 27906: 27905: 27891: 27884: 27877: 27870: 27863: 27856: 27849: 27842: 27835: 27828: 27821: 27820: 27819: 27805: 27804: 27803: 27796: 27782: 27781: 27780: 27773: 27766: 27759: 27752: 27738: 27731: 27724: 27717: 27716: 27715: 27701: 27694: 27687: 27680: 27673: 27665: 27663: 27659: 27658: 27656: 27655: 27648: 27647: 27646: 27632: 27625: 27618: 27611: 27604: 27597: 27596: 27595: 27588: 27573: 27571: 27569:Foreign policy 27565: 27564: 27561: 27560: 27558: 27557: 27550: 27543: 27536: 27529: 27520: 27518: 27511: 27510: 27503: 27502: 27501: 27494: 27480: 27479: 27478: 27471: 27464: 27450: 27443: 27436: 27429: 27422: 27415: 27408: 27401: 27400: 27399: 27392: 27385: 27378: 27364: 27357: 27349: 27347: 27341: 27340: 27332: 27331: 27324: 27317: 27309: 27283: 27282: 27280: 27279: 27270: 27260: 27257: 27256: 27254: 27253: 27246: 27239: 27232: 27225: 27218: 27217: 27216: 27209: 27202: 27195: 27188: 27181: 27167: 27160: 27153: 27152: 27151: 27137: 27130: 27123: 27116: 27115: 27114: 27107: 27093: 27086: 27079: 27072: 27065: 27058: 27057: 27056: 27049: 27035: 27027: 27025: 27019: 27018: 27016: 27015: 27008: 27001: 26994: 26987: 26980: 26973: 26972: 26971: 26957: 26950: 26943: 26936: 26929: 26922: 26915: 26908: 26901: 26894: 26887: 26880: 26873: 26872: 26871: 26857: 26856: 26855: 26841: 26840: 26839: 26832: 26825: 26811: 26804: 26797: 26790: 26783: 26782: 26781: 26767: 26760: 26752: 26750: 26744: 26743: 26741: 26740: 26733: 26726: 26725: 26724: 26717: 26703: 26696: 26695: 26694: 26687: 26680: 26666: 26659: 26652: 26645: 26638: 26631: 26622: 26615: 26608: 26601: 26594: 26587: 26580: 26579: 26578: 26571: 26564: 26563: 26562: 26548: 26541: 26527: 26526: 26525: 26518: 26504: 26496: 26494: 26492:Foreign policy 26488: 26487: 26484: 26483: 26481: 26480: 26473: 26466: 26459: 26452: 26445: 26438: 26431: 26423: 26415: 26406: 26404: 26395: 26394: 26393: 26392: 26385: 26371: 26364: 26357: 26350: 26343: 26342: 26341: 26334: 26320: 26313: 26306: 26299: 26288: 26280: 26278: 26272: 26271: 26263: 26262: 26255: 26248: 26240: 26214: 26213: 26211: 26210: 26197: 26196: 26189: 26181: 26178: 26177: 26175: 26174: 26168: 26162: 26156: 26150: 26144: 26138: 26132: 26126: 26120: 26114: 26108: 26101: 26099: 26095: 26094: 26092: 26091: 26083: 26075: 26070: 26064: 26063: 26062: 26057: 26048: 26046: 26042: 26041: 26039: 26038: 26032: 26026: 26018: 26011: 26009: 26005: 26004: 26002: 26001: 25996: 25991: 25986: 25981: 25976: 25971: 25966: 25961: 25956: 25950: 25948: 25940: 25939: 25937: 25936: 25928: 25920: 25912: 25904: 25896: 25895: 25894: 25881: 25873: 25865: 25856: 25854: 25848: 25847: 25845: 25844: 25839: 25834: 25829: 25824: 25823: 25822: 25812: 25807: 25806: 25805: 25795: 25790: 25784: 25782: 25776: 25775: 25772: 25771: 25769: 25768: 25767: 25766: 25761: 25756: 25751: 25746: 25736: 25735: 25734: 25729: 25724: 25719: 25714: 25703: 25701: 25697: 25696: 25694: 25693: 25688: 25682: 25680: 25673: 25667: 25666: 25664: 25663: 25662: 25661: 25656: 25651: 25646: 25636: 25631: 25626: 25620: 25618: 25614: 25613: 25610: 25609: 25607: 25606: 25601: 25596: 25595: 25594: 25584: 25583: 25582: 25577: 25567: 25562: 25557: 25552: 25547: 25541: 25539: 25531: 25530: 25528: 25527: 25522: 25517: 25516: 25515: 25510: 25505: 25503:Energy Tax Act 25495: 25494: 25493: 25483: 25478: 25472: 25470: 25464: 25463: 25461: 25460: 25455: 25450: 25445: 25440: 25435: 25430: 25425: 25420: 25415: 25414: 25413: 25408: 25403: 25393: 25388: 25383: 25378: 25373: 25368: 25363: 25358: 25353: 25348: 25342: 25340: 25336: 25335: 25333: 25332: 25327: 25322: 25321: 25320: 25310: 25309: 25308: 25298: 25293: 25292: 25291: 25281: 25275: 25273: 25269: 25268: 25266: 25265: 25260: 25259: 25258: 25248: 25243: 25238: 25233: 25228: 25223: 25222: 25221: 25209: 25208: 25207: 25202: 25197: 25192: 25187: 25182: 25180:Canadian Caper 25177: 25172: 25167: 25157: 25152: 25151: 25150: 25140: 25134: 25132: 25130:Foreign policy 25123: 25122: 25117: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25101: 25100: 25090: 25085: 25080: 25079: 25078: 25073: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25048: 25043: 25037: 25035: 25023: 25022: 25020: 25019: 25011: 25000: 24988: 24985: 24984: 24977: 24976: 24969: 24962: 24954: 24945: 24944: 24942: 24941: 24932: 24922: 24919: 24918: 24916: 24915: 24908: 24901: 24894: 24893: 24892: 24878: 24871: 24864: 24857: 24849: 24847: 24839: 24838: 24836: 24835: 24834: 24833: 24826: 24819: 24816:CAFE standards 24805: 24804: 24803: 24796: 24781: 24779: 24773: 24772: 24770: 24769: 24762: 24755: 24748: 24747: 24746: 24739: 24725: 24724: 24723: 24709: 24708: 24707: 24693: 24692: 24691: 24677: 24670: 24669: 24668: 24654: 24647: 24646: 24645: 24631: 24623: 24621: 24617: 24616: 24614: 24613: 24606: 24599: 24592: 24591: 24590: 24576: 24569: 24562: 24554: 24552: 24548: 24547: 24545: 24544: 24537: 24530: 24523: 24516: 24509: 24501: 24499: 24497:Foreign policy 24493: 24492: 24490: 24489: 24482: 24475: 24474: 24473: 24459: 24452: 24451: 24450: 24443: 24429: 24422: 24415: 24408: 24407: 24406: 24399: 24387: 24380: 24373: 24365: 24363: 24357: 24356: 24348: 24347: 24340: 24333: 24325: 24299: 24298: 24296: 24295: 24286: 24276: 24273: 24272: 24270: 24269: 24262: 24255: 24254: 24253: 24239: 24229: 24222: 24221: 24220: 24206: 24199: 24192: 24185: 24184: 24183: 24176: 24169: 24154: 24152: 24146: 24145: 24143: 24142: 24135: 24128: 24121: 24114: 24107: 24100: 24093: 24092: 24091: 24077: 24070: 24069: 24068: 24061: 24054: 24047: 24040: 24033: 24026: 24019: 24005: 24004: 24003: 23996: 23981: 23979: 23971: 23970: 23968: 23967: 23960: 23953: 23946: 23939: 23932: 23925: 23918: 23911: 23904: 23897: 23896: 23895: 23881: 23880: 23879: 23865: 23858: 23857: 23856: 23849: 23842: 23828: 23827: 23826: 23819: 23812: 23798: 23797: 23796: 23789: 23775: 23768: 23761: 23754: 23747: 23739: 23737: 23731: 23730: 23728: 23727: 23726: 23725: 23711: 23704: 23697: 23690: 23683: 23682: 23681: 23674: 23660: 23653: 23646: 23639: 23632: 23625: 23618: 23611: 23604: 23597: 23596: 23595: 23588: 23574: 23573: 23572: 23558: 23551: 23544: 23536: 23534: 23530: 23529: 23527: 23526: 23519: 23512: 23511: 23510: 23503: 23496: 23489: 23482: 23475: 23461: 23454: 23453: 23452: 23438: 23431: 23430: 23429: 23426:Linkage policy 23415: 23414: 23413: 23410:Vietnamization 23406: 23397: 23390: 23376: 23373:Nixon Doctrine 23369: 23361: 23359: 23357:Foreign policy 23353: 23352: 23350: 23349: 23342: 23335: 23334: 23333: 23326: 23312: 23305: 23298: 23291: 23284: 23277: 23270: 23263: 23256: 23249: 23242: 23241: 23240: 23224: 23216: 23214: 23208: 23207: 23199: 23198: 23191: 23184: 23176: 23150: 23149: 23145: 23144: 23143: 23142: 23130: 23118: 23104: 23103: 23102: 23077: 23067: 23047: 23046: 23032: 23027: 23026: 23011: 22998: 22985: 22972: 22959: 22946: 22933: 22932: 22931: 22906: 22905: 22904: 22903: 22898: 22893: 22892: 22891: 22867: 22866: 22865: 22855: 22854: 22853: 22848: 22843: 22842: 22841: 22831: 22826: 22812: 22810: 22808: 22807: 22802: 22797: 22792: 22786: 22776: 22766: 22756: 22746: 22736: 22723: 22704: 22703: 22693: 22683: 22672: 22662: 22651: 22648: 22647: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22632: 22625: 22624: 22619: 22617:Huallaga River 22614: 22609: 22604: 22599: 22585: 22583: 22582: 22577: 22572: 22570:Narcoterrorism 22567: 22562: 22548: 22546: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22530: 22525: 22520: 22515: 22501: 22500: 22498: 22497: 22496: 22491: 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22441: 22436: 22434:Tarata bombing 22431: 22426: 22424:Santa massacre 22421: 22416: 22411: 22406: 22401: 22396: 22391: 22386: 22381: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22361: 22359:Putis massacre 22356: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22336: 22331: 22326: 22321: 22316: 22309: 22305: 22302: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22285: 22284: 22279: 22276: 22275: 22273:(1980–present) 22267: 22266: 22259: 22252: 22244: 22235: 22234: 22231: 22230: 22227: 22226: 22224: 22223: 22218: 22213: 22208: 22203: 22198: 22193: 22188: 22183: 22178: 22175:Blog del Narco 22171: 22165: 22163: 22159: 22158: 22156: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22139: 22137: 22129: 22128: 22125: 22124: 22121: 22117: 22109: 22108: 22105: 22104: 22101: 22100: 22098: 22097: 22089: 22081: 22073: 22065: 22060: 22054: 22052: 22048: 22047: 22045: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22024: 22019: 22014: 22009: 22004: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21959: 21954: 21949: 21947:2011 Monterrey 21944: 21939: 21934: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21898: 21896: 21886: 21885: 21882: 21881: 21878: 21874: 21866: 21865: 21862: 21861: 21858: 21857: 21855: 21854: 21847: 21840: 21833: 21826: 21819: 21812: 21805: 21798: 21791: 21784: 21777: 21770: 21763: 21756: 21753:Diablo Express 21749: 21742: 21735: 21728: 21721: 21714: 21707: 21699: 21697: 21693: 21692: 21690: 21689: 21682: 21675: 21668: 21661: 21654: 21646: 21644: 21636: 21635: 21632: 21631: 21628: 21624: 21616: 21615: 21612: 21611: 21608: 21607: 21605: 21604: 21599: 21594: 21587: 21580: 21573: 21566: 21558: 21556: 21552: 21551: 21549: 21548: 21541: 21534: 21527: 21520: 21513: 21506: 21501: 21493: 21491: 21487: 21486: 21484: 21483: 21478: 21473: 21468: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21417: 21415: 21407: 21406: 21403: 21402: 21399: 21395: 21387: 21386: 21383: 21382: 21379: 21378: 21376: 21375: 21372: 21371: 21364: 21357: 21350: 21343: 21336: 21329: 21322: 21315: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21292: 21290: 21286: 21285: 21283: 21282: 21275: 21268: 21263: 21257: 21255: 21247: 21246: 21234: 21233: 21230: 21229: 21226: 21225: 21223: 21222: 21215: 21208: 21200: 21198: 21194: 21193: 21191: 21190: 21183: 21176: 21169: 21162: 21154: 21152: 21144: 21143: 21131: 21130: 21127: 21126: 21123: 21122: 21120: 21119: 21114: 21107: 21101: 21099: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21091: 21084: 21077: 21072: 21065: 21058: 21050: 21048: 21040: 21039: 21036:Tijuana Cartel 21027: 21026: 21023: 21022: 21019: 21018: 21016: 21015: 21008: 21001: 20996: 20988: 20986: 20982: 20981: 20979: 20978: 20973: 20966: 20959: 20951: 20949: 20945: 20944: 20942: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20926: 20920: 20918: 20910: 20909: 20906:Sinaloa Cartel 20897: 20896: 20893: 20892: 20889: 20888: 20886: 20885: 20878: 20871: 20863: 20861: 20857: 20856: 20854: 20853: 20846: 20838: 20836: 20832: 20831: 20829: 20828: 20826:La Resistencia 20822: 20820: 20812: 20811: 20799: 20798: 20795: 20794: 20791: 20790: 20788: 20787: 20782: 20774: 20772: 20768: 20767: 20765: 20764: 20757: 20750: 20742: 20740: 20736: 20735: 20733: 20732: 20726: 20724: 20716: 20715: 20703: 20702: 20699: 20698: 20695: 20694: 20692: 20691: 20684: 20677: 20670: 20663: 20656: 20648: 20646: 20642: 20641: 20639: 20638: 20631: 20623: 20621: 20617: 20616: 20614: 20613: 20608: 20602: 20600: 20592: 20591: 20579: 20578: 20575: 20574: 20571: 20570: 20568: 20567: 20560: 20553: 20546: 20539: 20532: 20525: 20518: 20511: 20503: 20501: 20493: 20492: 20480: 20479: 20476: 20475: 20472: 20471: 20469: 20468: 20463: 20455: 20453: 20449: 20448: 20446: 20445: 20438: 20431: 20424: 20417: 20410: 20402: 20400: 20396: 20395: 20393: 20392: 20387: 20385:Los Mazatlecos 20381: 20379: 20375: 20374: 20372:disbanded 2010 20364: 20363: 20351: 20350: 20347: 20346: 20343: 20342: 20340: 20339: 20337:National Guard 20334: 20332:Federal Police 20329: 20324: 20319: 20314: 20309: 20304: 20298: 20295: 20294: 20291:Federal forces 20282: 20281: 20267: 20266: 20259: 20256: 20255: 20248: 20247: 20240: 20233: 20225: 20216: 20215: 20211: 20210: 20209: 20208: 20203: 20199:Some Colombian 20196: 20191: 20186: 20181: 20168: 20167: 20162: 20149: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20136:Águilas Negras 20131: 20126: 20125: 20112: 20099: 20097:European Union 20086: 20085: 20084: 20077:United Nations 20066: 20053: 20052: 20039: 20038: 20037: 20036: 20031: 20020: 20019: 20018: 20013: 20012: 20011: 20001: 19996: 19982: 19980: 19978: 19977: 19972: 19967: 19962: 19957: 19952: 19951: 19950: 19948:Colombia Three 19940: 19935: 19930: 19925: 19912: 19911: 19906: 19896: 19886: 19876: 19866: 19865: 19864: 19841: 19840: 19835: 19825: 19815: 19804: 19801: 19800: 19797:Paramilitaries 19794: 19789: 19782: 19781: 19774: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19749: 19747: 19746: 19741: 19727: 19725: 19724: 19719: 19717:Narcoterrorism 19714: 19713: 19712: 19702: 19688: 19686: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19646: 19645: 19643: 19642: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19501: 19497: 19494: 19493: 19488: 19481: 19475: 19474: 19469: 19466: 19465: 19463:(1964–present) 19457: 19456: 19449: 19442: 19434: 19425: 19424: 19422: 19421: 19416: 19409: 19408: 19401: 19393: 19392: 19389: 19388: 19385: 19384: 19381: 19380: 19378: 19377: 19372: 19367: 19362: 19361: 19360: 19350: 19349: 19348: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19321:Mass shootings 19318: 19313: 19312: 19311: 19309:Climate change 19306: 19296: 19291: 19290: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19247:Discrimination 19244: 19239: 19238: 19237: 19227: 19221: 19219: 19215: 19214: 19212: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19160: 19159: 19154: 19149: 19139: 19138: 19137: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19117: 19112: 19102: 19096: 19094: 19088: 19087: 19085: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19037:American Dream 19034: 19028: 19026: 19020: 19019: 19017: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19004:Transportation 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18937:Mount Rushmore 18934: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18908: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18877: 18872: 18871: 18870: 18865: 18860: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18834: 18833: 18823: 18818: 18817: 18816: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18779: 18778: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18681: 18679: 18666: 18660: 18659: 18656: 18655: 18653: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18616: 18614: 18608: 18607: 18605: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18557:Federal budget 18554: 18549: 18544: 18543: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18527: 18522: 18517: 18512: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18495:Communications 18492: 18487: 18476: 18470: 18464: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18456: 18455: 18453: 18452: 18447: 18446: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18418: 18416:exceptionalism 18413: 18403: 18398: 18397: 18396: 18394:foreign policy 18386: 18385: 18384: 18379: 18369: 18363: 18360: 18359: 18356: 18355: 18353: 18352: 18351: 18350: 18339: 18337: 18331: 18330: 18328: 18327: 18322: 18316: 18314: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18253: 18251: 18247: 18246: 18244: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18222: 18220: 18211: 18205: 18204: 18202: 18201: 18196: 18195: 18194: 18184: 18183: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18162: 18156: 18154: 18148: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18141: 18140: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18119: 18117: 18111: 18110: 18108: 18107: 18106: 18105: 18095: 18094: 18093: 18091:Chief justices 18086:Supreme courts 18082: 18080: 18074: 18073: 18071: 18070: 18065: 18059: 18057: 18051: 18050: 18048: 18047: 18046: 18045: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17999: 17998: 17988: 17987: 17986: 17975: 17973: 17964: 17947: 17946: 17943: 17942: 17940: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17928: 17927: 17925:National Guard 17922: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17886: 17884: 17878: 17877: 17875: 17874: 17869: 17868: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17842: 17837: 17836: 17835: 17828:Bill of Rights 17824: 17822: 17816: 17815: 17813: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17798:list of judges 17795: 17793:list of courts 17781: 17780: 17779: 17777:list of judges 17769: 17768: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17746: 17744: 17738: 17737: 17735: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17712:Capitol Police 17709: 17708: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17680: 17669: 17667: 17661: 17660: 17658: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17641: 17640: 17635: 17633:Secret Service 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17590: 17589: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17546:Vice President 17543: 17542: 17541: 17536: 17525: 17523: 17516: 17503: 17497: 17496: 17493: 17492: 17490: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17473: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17426: 17425: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17334: 17333: 17332: 17330:National Parks 17322: 17321: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17290: 17285: 17283:Extreme points 17280: 17275: 17274: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17222: 17216: 17210: 17209: 17206: 17205: 17203: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17161: 17159: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17140: 17139: 17134: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17078: 17077: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16970:Federalist Era 16967: 16966: 16965: 16963:Bill of Rights 16960: 16950: 16945: 16944: 16943: 16938: 16928: 16927: 16926: 16921: 16911: 16906: 16904:Lee Resolution 16901: 16896: 16895: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16854: 16848: 16846: 16842: 16841: 16839: 16838: 16833: 16828: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16808: 16803: 16798: 16793: 16788: 16782: 16780: 16773: 16767: 16766: 16764: articles 16758: 16757: 16750: 16743: 16735: 16726: 16725: 16722: 16721: 16718: 16717: 16715: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16703: 16702: 16697: 16689: 16684: 16678: 16676: 16670: 16669: 16667: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16610: 16608: 16607:Harm reduction 16604: 16603: 16601: 16600: 16599: 16598: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16553: 16548: 16543: 16541:Date rape drug 16538: 16533: 16527: 16525: 16519: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16512: 16511: 16510: 16509: 16507:Liquor license 16504: 16499: 16494: 16484: 16482:Darknet market 16479: 16478: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16151: 16149: 16145: 16144: 16142: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16120: 16118: 16109: 16097: 16096: 16086: 16085: 16082: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16075: 16074: 16072:Zero tolerance 16069: 16068: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15996: 15994: 15990: 15989: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15945: 15943: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15846:Czech Republic 15843: 15838: 15832: 15830: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15819: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15807: 15806: 15799:Liberalization 15796: 15791: 15789:Harm reduction 15786: 15781: 15771: 15770: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15738: 15736: 15732: 15731: 15729: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15708: 15707: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15685: 15683: 15675: 15674: 15664: 15663: 15660: 15659: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15615:Party and play 15612: 15607: 15605:Needle sharing 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15561: 15559: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15519:Cigarette card 15515: 15513: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15452: 15450: 15444: 15443: 15441: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15428:Tailgate party 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15378:Drinking games 15375: 15370: 15368:Binge drinking 15365: 15360: 15355: 15349: 15347: 15341: 15340: 15338: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15316: 15314: 15312:Coffee culture 15308: 15307: 15305: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15208: 15206: 15196: 15195: 15183: 15182: 15179: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15171: 15166: 15156: 15155: 15154: 15149: 15139: 15134: 15128: 15126: 15120: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15101: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15090: 15089: 15088: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15062: 15061: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15039: 15037: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15027: 15022: 15020:Dimenhydrinate 15017: 15016: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14985: 14983: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14973: 14972: 14971: 14961: 14956: 14955: 14954: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14933: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14920:alkyl nitrites 14917: 14902: 14897: 14886: 14884: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14858: 14857: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14844:Peruvian torch 14836: 14831: 14826: 14825: 14824: 14814: 14813: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14791: 14789: 14780: 14774: 14773: 14771: 14770: 14769: 14768: 14763: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14742: 14741: 14733: 14727: 14725: 14719: 14718: 14716: 14715: 14714: 14713: 14708: 14698: 14697: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14645: 14644: 14634: 14633: 14632: 14627: 14617: 14616: 14615: 14605: 14604: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14583: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14566: 14560: 14558: 14552: 14551: 14549: 14548: 14543: 14542: 14541: 14531: 14530: 14529: 14519: 14518: 14517: 14507: 14502: 14501: 14500: 14492: 14487: 14486: 14485: 14477: 14472: 14471: 14470: 14467: 14459: 14458: 14457: 14449: 14448: 14447: 14437: 14436: 14435: 14432: 14423: 14421: 14415: 14414: 14412: 14411: 14409:Quinazolinones 14406: 14401: 14396: 14395: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14384: 14383: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14356: 14355: 14354: 14336: 14331: 14329:Gabapentinoids 14326: 14325: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14288: 14286: 14276: 14275: 14265: 14264: 14257: 14256: 14249: 14242: 14234: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14216: 14210: 14205: 14197: 14196:External links 14194: 14193: 14192: 14186: 14158: 14153: 14139: 14128: 14125: 14124: 14123: 14116: 14109: 14102: 14092: 14085: 14080:Preston Peet, 14078: 14075: 14058: 14051: 14044: 14037: 14020: 14013: 14006: 13988: 13983:978-1620408902 13982: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13951: 13950: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13897: 13864: 13838: 13807: 13782: 13756: 13728: 13715: 13688: 13675: 13652: 13621: 13595: 13564: 13551: 13538: 13525: 13494: 13462: 13436: 13422: 13405: 13392:Cato Institute 13377: 13363:. March 2014. 13345: 13316:(9): e003077. 13296: 13277: 13258: 13242: 13216: 13198: 13161: 13131: 13101: 13075: 13060: 13045: 13022: 13009: 12983: 12954:(1): 324–349. 12934: 12917: 12895:whitehouse.gov 12881: 12853: 12844:|website= 12819: 12811:10.17226/10021 12791: 12779: 12732: 12719:10.2307/165986 12697: 12665: 12640:Peter, Andreas 12631: 12617: 12597: 12580:Foreign Policy 12567: 12535: 12508: 12480: 12461: 12429: 12418:. June 9, 2021 12401: 12373: 12345: 12319: 12289: 12261: 12233: 12202: 12183:"Drug Testing" 12174: 12139: 12133:978-1595581037 12132: 12114: 12083: 12046: 12020: 12011: 11981: 11966: 11936: 11905: 11878: 11850: 11814: 11781: 11778:. p. 248. 11762: 11745: 11725: 11694: 11666: 11646: 11622: 11592: 11565: 11537: 11501: 11482:(5): 357–360. 11461: 11452: 11424: 11413: 11387: 11336: 11324: 11293: 11265: 11237: 11206: 11200:10.5334/sta.aw 11173: 11139: 11128: 11094: 11063: 11056: 11034: 11022: 11013: 10996:New York Times 10983: 10949: 10915: 10884: 10871:New York Times 10856: 10828: 10800: 10772: 10745: 10715: 10685: 10654: 10628: 10602: 10582: 10546: 10531: 10498: 10486: 10479: 10453: 10432: 10420: 10400: 10377: 10348: 10320: 10292: 10261: 10242: 10212: 10180: 10152: 10124: 10096: 10084: 10053: 10022: 9991: 9965: 9934: 9898: 9867: 9840: 9812: 9781: 9753: 9735: 9716: 9697: 9669: 9638: 9616: 9590: 9564: 9536: 9506: 9475: 9447: 9422: 9396: 9368: 9349: 9321: 9294: 9268: 9256: 9228: 9200: 9172: 9161:. May 12, 2017 9144: 9124: 9112: 9081: 9075:, Wall Street 9064: 9050:United Nations 9036: 9017: 8991: 8973: 8954: 8935: 8918: 8887: 8856: 8834: 8809: 8778: 8765: 8753: 8737: 8731:The New Yorker 8716: 8699: 8675: 8654: 8626: 8602: 8593: 8582:. January 2020 8562: 8557:10.1086/702690 8525: 8512: 8484: 8477: 8459: 8431: 8418: 8390: 8359: 8352: 8322: 8287: 8260: 8208: 8201: 8174: 8158: 8126: 8113: 8100: 8087: 8076: 8043: 8022: 7994: 7965: 7934: 7908: 7880: 7867:New York Times 7852: 7824: 7796: 7768: 7740: 7731: 7702: 7695: 7677: 7664: 7635: 7607: 7601:New York Times 7586: 7574: 7552: 7522: 7490: 7458: 7427: 7400: 7370: 7336: 7308: 7280: 7252: 7239: 7206: 7185: 7163: 7135: 7109: 7080: 7067:New York Times 7052: 7029: 7010: 6983: 6959: 6931: 6903: 6862: 6832: 6802: 6788:New York Times 6774: 6733: 6730:. p. 180. 6714: 6683: 6654: 6626: 6613: 6600: 6573: 6546: 6521:(1): 231–236. 6499: 6471: 6439: 6412: 6386: 6355: 6323: 6295: 6267: 6239: 6211: 6164: 6146: 6135: 6107: 6079: 6061:. p. 25. 6039: 6012: 5986: 5980:978-0896084100 5979: 5950: 5932:978-0761926498 5931: 5911: 5893:978-0789028082 5892: 5872: 5853: 5833: 5814: 5794: 5775: 5755: 5748: 5722: 5703: 5683: 5671: 5652: 5633: 5613: 5604: 5583: 5562: 5549:10.2307/800089 5543:(3): 367–376. 5521: 5514: 5494: 5484: 5455: 5429: 5400: 5372: 5344: 5331:New York Times 5314: 5277: 5245: 5219: 5180: 5147: 5110: 5103: 5083: 5057: 5046:. www.umsl.edu 5035: 5013: 4985: 4957: 4926: 4862: 4836: 4814: 4788: 4761: 4731: 4703: 4666: 4623: 4595: 4580: 4569:. May 31, 2017 4561:"War on Drugs" 4549: 4514: 4486: 4458: 4429:(1): 142–160. 4409: 4382: 4354: 4322: 4315: 4290: 4257: 4223: 4187: 4177:978-0674029903 4176: 4162:Courtwright DT 4153: 4128: 4105: 4078: 4049: 4042: 4024: 3991: 3960:(4): 296–310. 3935: 3893: 3863: 3835: 3821:United Nations 3803: 3772: 3744: 3718: 3687: 3641: 3629: 3598: 3561: 3527: 3488: 3462: 3441: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3159:George Akerlof 3144:New York Times 3131: 3128: 3124:harm reduction 3068:harm reduction 3055: 3052: 3048:Jefferson Fish 3036: 3033: 3021: 3018: 2940: 2937: 2906:, in his book 2885:magazine cover 2852: 2851: 2826: 2825: 2808: 2805: 2800: (FFG-46) 2754:policy failure 2749: 2746: 2712:Main article: 2709: 2706: 2670: 2669:Public opinion 2667: 2638: 2635: 2582: 2579: 2551:powder cocaine 2528:Main article: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2501:public housing 2423: 2420: 2399: 2396: 2342: 2339: 2329: 2326: 2295:Manuel Noriega 2226:wider conflict 2169: 2166: 2115:Main article: 2112: 2109: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1979: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1956: 1939: 1936: 1908:IDL-Reporteros 1898: 1895: 1867: 1864: 1830: 1827: 1777: 1774: 1735:US territories 1700:New York Times 1692:First Step Act 1687: 1684: 1641:respectively. 1639:Initiative 502 1630:United Kingdom 1593: 1590: 1509: 1506: 1490:George W. Bush 1468:stop-and-frisk 1450:As president, 1432:Lafayette Park 1403: 1400: 1315: 1312: 1237: 1234: 1193: 1190: 1142:New York Times 1136: 1133: 1105:tough-on-crime 1096: 1093: 1045:identity theft 1007: 1004: 933:Du Pont family 912: 909: 895:New York Times 849: 846: 827:21st Amendment 803:18th Amendment 763: 760: 695: 692: 624: 621: 566: 563: 451: 450: 446: 445: 444: 443: 438: 430: 429: 427:Related topics 423: 422: 421: 420: 412: 404: 397: 390: 383: 373: 372: 368: 367: 366: 365: 358: 351: 344: 337: 330: 323: 316: 313:Panama Express 306: 305: 301: 300: 299: 298: 291: 288:Green Merchant 284: 277: 270: 263: 256: 249: 239: 238: 232: 229: 228: 218: 217: 210: 203: 195: 187: 186: 180: 179: 167: 166: 165: 157:United Nations 141: 140: 135: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 91: 87: 86: 81: 73: 72: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 33325: 33314: 33311: 33309: 33306: 33304: 33301: 33299: 33296: 33294: 33291: 33289: 33286: 33284: 33281: 33279: 33276: 33274: 33271: 33269: 33266: 33264: 33261: 33259: 33256: 33254: 33251: 33249: 33246: 33244: 33241: 33239: 33236: 33234: 33231: 33229: 33226: 33224: 33221: 33219: 33216: 33214: 33211: 33209: 33206: 33204: 33201: 33199: 33196: 33194: 33191: 33190: 33188: 33173: 33165: 33164: 33161: 33158: 33156: 33155:← Dick Cheney 33153: 33152: 33149: 33148: 33144: 33143: 33140: 33134: 33131: 33129: 33126: 33124: 33123: 33119: 33117: 33114: 33112: 33109: 33107: 33104: 33102: 33099: 33097: 33094: 33092: 33089: 33087: 33084: 33082: 33081:Buy a Shotgun 33079: 33077: 33074: 33072: 33069: 33067: 33064: 33062: 33059: 33057: 33054: 33053: 33051: 33047: 33041: 33040: 33036: 33034: 33032: 33028: 33026: 33025: 33021: 33019: 33014: 33010: 33007: 33006:One Last Ride 33003: 33001: 33000: 32999:My Son Hunter 32996: 32993: 32989: 32987: 32986: 32982: 32980: 32979: 32975: 32974: 32972: 32966: 32959: 32956: 32953: 32950: 32947: 32946:Warsaw speech 32944: 32940: 32937: 32935: 32932: 32930: 32927: 32926: 32925: 32922: 32919: 32916: 32913: 32910: 32909: 32907: 32903: 32897: 32895: 32891: 32889: 32888: 32884: 32882: 32881: 32877: 32876: 32874: 32872: 32868: 32860: 32857: 32856: 32854: 32850: 32847: 32845: 32842: 32840: 32837: 32836: 32834: 32831: 32828: 32825: 32822: 32819: 32816: 32813: 32810: 32807: 32804: 32801: 32798: 32795: 32792: 32789: 32786: 32783: 32780: 32777: 32774: 32772:(second wife) 32771: 32768: 32765: 32762: 32759: 32756: 32755: 32753: 32751: 32747: 32735: 32732: 32728: 32725: 32723: 32720: 32719: 32718: 32715: 32711: 32708: 32707: 32706: 32703: 32702: 32701: 32700:2024 campaign 32698: 32694: 32691: 32689: 32686: 32684: 32681: 32679: 32676: 32674: 32671: 32669: 32666: 32662: 32659: 32657: 32654: 32653: 32652: 32649: 32645: 32642: 32640: 32637: 32635: 32632: 32630: 32629:organizations 32627: 32625: 32622: 32621: 32620: 32617: 32615: 32612: 32611: 32610: 32609:2020 campaign 32607: 32603: 32600: 32598: 32595: 32594: 32593: 32592:2008 campaign 32590: 32586: 32583: 32582: 32581: 32580:1988 campaign 32578: 32577: 32575: 32571: 32563: 32560: 32558: 32555: 32553: 32550: 32549: 32548: 32547:2012 campaign 32545: 32541: 32538: 32536: 32533: 32531: 32528: 32526: 32523: 32521: 32518: 32517: 32516: 32515:2008 campaign 32513: 32512: 32510: 32506: 32500: 32497: 32495: 32492: 32490: 32487: 32485: 32482: 32480: 32477: 32475: 32472: 32470: 32467: 32466: 32464: 32460: 32457: 32455: 32451: 32445: 32442: 32440: 32437: 32435: 32432: 32430: 32427: 32423: 32420: 32418: 32415: 32414: 32413: 32410: 32408: 32405: 32403: 32400: 32399: 32397: 32393: 32386: 32385:from Delaware 32383: 32380: 32377: 32374: 32371: 32368: 32365: 32364: 32361: 32357: 32350: 32345: 32343: 32338: 32336: 32331: 32330: 32327: 32314: 32313: 32308: 32305: 32304: 32299: 32298: 32295: 32286: 32282: 32279: 32275: 32272: 32268: 32267: 32265: 32261: 32258: 32254: 32251: 32247: 32244: 32240: 32237: 32233: 32230: 32226: 32219: 32218: 32216: 32212: 32211: 32209: 32207: 32203: 32196: 32192: 32187: 32183: 32182: 32180: 32179:Social issues 32176: 32173: 32169: 32166: 32162: 32159: 32155: 32150: 32149:America First 32146: 32143: 32139: 32136: 32132: 32131: 32127: 32122: 32118: 32115: 32111: 32110: 32108: 32104: 32099: 32095: 32092: 32088: 32085: 32081: 32078: 32074: 32073: 32071: 32067: 32066: 32064: 32062: 32058: 32046: 32042: 32039: 32035: 32032: 32028: 32025: 32021: 32018: 32014: 32011: 32007: 32003: 31999: 31995: 31994:Warsaw speech 31991: 31987: 31983: 31982: 31980: 31976: 31967: 31963: 31960: 31956: 31953: 31949: 31946: 31942: 31939: 31938:Riyadh summit 31935: 31930: 31926: 31923: 31919: 31918: 31916: 31915:international 31912: 31909: 31905: 31902: 31898: 31895: 31891: 31888: 31884: 31883: 31881: 31877: 31874: 31870: 31865: 31861: 31858: 31854: 31851: 31847: 31844: 31840: 31839: 31835: 31830: 31826: 31823: 31819: 31816: 31812: 31809: 31805: 31804: 31800: 31795: 31791: 31788: 31784: 31781: 31777: 31774: 31770: 31769: 31765: 31760: 31756: 31753: 31749: 31746: 31742: 31739: 31735: 31734: 31730: 31727: 31723: 31722: 31719: 31716: 31714: 31710: 31703: 31699: 31694: 31693:controversies 31690: 31687: 31683: 31680: 31676: 31673: 31669: 31666: 31662: 31661: 31659: 31655: 31652: 31648: 31643: 31639: 31636: 31632: 31629: 31625: 31622: 31618: 31615: 31611: 31610: 31608: 31604: 31599: 31595: 31594: 31592: 31588: 31583: 31579: 31578: 31576: 31572: 31569: 31565: 31560: 31556: 31553: 31549: 31546: 31542: 31539: 31535: 31532: 31528: 31525: 31521: 31518: 31514: 31511: 31507: 31506: 31502: 31499: 31498:Legal affairs 31495: 31492: 31488: 31485: 31481: 31478: 31474: 31471: 31467: 31464: 31460: 31457: 31453: 31448: 31444: 31441: 31440:Communication 31437: 31436: 31434: 31430: 31427: 31423: 31420: 31416: 31413: 31409: 31406: 31402: 31399: 31395: 31392: 31388: 31383: 31379: 31376: 31372: 31371: 31369: 31368:Syria strikes 31365: 31362: 31358: 31355: 31351: 31348: 31344: 31339: 31335: 31332: 31328: 31327: 31325: 31321: 31318: 31314: 31309: 31305: 31302: 31298: 31295: 31291: 31288: 31287:peace process 31284: 31283: 31281: 31277: 31274: 31270: 31265: 31261: 31258: 31254: 31251: 31247: 31244: 31240: 31239: 31237: 31233: 31228: 31224: 31221: 31217: 31214: 31210: 31209: 31207: 31203: 31200: 31196: 31193: 31189: 31186: 31182: 31179: 31175: 31172: 31168: 31163: 31159: 31158: 31156: 31152: 31147: 31143: 31140: 31136: 31133: 31129: 31126: 31122: 31121: 31119: 31115: 31110: 31106: 31103: 31099: 31098: 31096: 31092: 31087: 31083: 31080: 31076: 31073: 31069: 31066: 31062: 31061: 31059: 31055: 31050: 31046: 31043: 31039: 31038: 31034: 31031: 31027: 31024: 31020: 31015: 31011: 31008: 31004: 31001: 30997: 30996: 30994: 30990: 30985: 30981: 30980: 30978: 30974: 30971: 30967: 30966: 30964: 30960: 30955: 30948: 30943: 30941: 30936: 30934: 30929: 30928: 30925: 30912: 30911: 30906: 30903: 30902: 30897: 30896: 30893: 30886: 30882: 30881: 30879: 30875: 30868: 30864: 30861: 30857: 30854: 30850: 30847: 30843: 30840: 30839:Marine policy 30836: 30833: 30829: 30828: 30826: 30824: 30823:Energy policy 30820: 30811: 30807: 30804: 30800: 30799: 30795: 30792: 30788: 30785: 30781: 30778: 30774: 30771: 30767: 30766: 30764: 30762: 30758: 30749: 30745: 30742: 30738: 30735: 30731: 30728: 30724: 30721: 30717: 30714: 30710: 30707: 30703: 30700: 30696: 30695: 30693: 30689: 30686: 30682: 30679: 30678:Social policy 30675: 30672: 30671:Native policy 30668: 30665: 30664:Marine policy 30661: 30658: 30654: 30651: 30647: 30644: 30640: 30637: 30633: 30632: 30630: 30626: 30619: 30615: 30612: 30608: 30605: 30601: 30598: 30594: 30589: 30585: 30582: 30578: 30577: 30575: 30571: 30568: 30564: 30561: 30557: 30554: 30550: 30545: 30541: 30538: 30534: 30533: 30529: 30526: 30522: 30517: 30513: 30510: 30506: 30503: 30499: 30496: 30492: 30491: 30489: 30485: 30480: 30479:by John Kerry 30476: 30473: 30469: 30468: 30466: 30462: 30459: 30455: 30454: 30452: 30450: 30446: 30435: 30431: 30428: 30424: 30421: 30417: 30414: 30410: 30407: 30403: 30400: 30396: 30393: 30389: 30385: 30381: 30377: 30373: 30372: 30370: 30366: 30359: 30355: 30350: 30346: 30343: 30339: 30336: 30332: 30331: 30329: 30325: 30320: 30319:controversies 30316: 30311: 30307: 30304: 30300: 30297: 30293: 30292: 30290: 30289:Supreme Court 30286: 30285: 30283: 30279: 30276: 30272: 30269: 30265: 30260: 30256: 30253: 30249: 30246: 30242: 30239: 30235: 30232: 30228: 30225: 30221: 30218: 30214: 30211: 30207: 30206: 30204: 30200: 30197: 30193: 30190: 30186: 30183: 30179: 30176: 30172: 30171: 30168: 30165: 30163: 30159: 30154: 30147: 30142: 30140: 30135: 30133: 30128: 30127: 30124: 30118: 30114: 30113: 30108: 30094: 30093: 30088: 30085: 30084: 30079: 30078: 30075: 30068: 30064: 30061: 30057: 30052: 30048: 30047: 30045: 30041: 30038: 30034: 30031: 30027: 30024: 30020: 30015: 30011: 30008: 30004: 30001: 29997: 29996: 29994: 29990: 29987: 29983: 29982: 29980: 29978: 29975:Environmental 29972: 29965: 29961: 29958: 29954: 29951: 29947: 29944: 29940: 29937: 29933: 29928: 29924: 29921: 29917: 29916: 29914: 29910: 29907: 29903: 29900: 29896: 29893: 29889: 29886: 29882: 29879: 29875: 29870: 29866: 29865: 29863: 29859: 29854: 29850: 29847: 29843: 29842: 29840: 29836: 29833: 29829: 29826: 29822: 29819: 29815: 29812: 29808: 29805: 29801: 29796: 29792: 29789: 29785: 29784: 29782: 29781:Bush tax cuts 29778: 29775: 29771: 29770: 29768: 29766: 29762: 29755: 29751: 29748: 29744: 29741: 29737: 29734: 29730: 29727: 29723: 29718: 29714: 29713: 29711: 29707: 29704: 29700: 29695: 29691: 29690: 29688: 29684: 29679: 29675: 29674: 29672: 29668: 29663: 29659: 29656: 29652: 29651: 29649: 29645: 29642: 29638: 29635: 29631: 29626: 29622: 29621: 29619: 29615: 29610: 29606: 29603: 29599: 29596: 29592: 29589: 29585: 29582: 29578: 29575: 29571: 29568: 29564: 29561: 29557: 29554: 29550: 29547: 29543: 29540: 29536: 29533: 29529: 29526: 29522: 29519: 29515: 29512: 29508: 29505: 29501: 29498: 29494: 29491: 29487: 29484: 29480: 29477: 29473: 29472: 29470: 29466: 29463: 29459: 29456: 29452: 29449: 29445: 29442: 29438: 29435: 29431: 29428: 29424: 29423: 29421: 29419: 29415: 29408: 29404: 29401: 29397: 29394: 29390: 29387: 29383: 29380: 29376: 29373: 29369: 29364: 29360: 29357: 29353: 29350: 29346: 29343: 29339: 29336: 29332: 29329: 29325: 29324: 29322: 29321:War on terror 29318: 29313: 29309: 29306: 29302: 29299: 29295: 29292: 29288: 29285: 29281: 29280: 29278: 29274: 29271: 29267: 29264: 29260: 29255: 29251: 29248: 29244: 29243: 29241: 29237: 29232: 29228: 29227: 29225: 29221: 29218: 29214: 29211: 29207: 29204: 29200: 29197: 29193: 29188: 29184: 29181: 29177: 29174: 29170: 29167: 29163: 29160: 29156: 29153: 29149: 29146: 29142: 29139: 29135: 29132: 29128: 29125: 29121: 29118: 29114: 29111: 29107: 29106: 29104: 29100: 29097: 29093: 29088: 29084: 29081: 29077: 29076: 29074: 29070: 29067: 29066:Bush Doctrine 29063: 29062: 29060: 29058: 29054: 29043: 29039: 29036: 29032: 29029: 29025: 29022: 29018: 29015: 29011: 29008: 29004: 29001: 28997: 28994: 28990: 28987: 28983: 28979: 28975: 28971: 28967: 28966: 28964: 28960: 28953: 28949: 28944: 28940: 28937: 28933: 28930: 28926: 28923: 28919: 28918: 28916: 28912: 28909: 28905: 28902: 28898: 28895: 28891: 28886: 28885:controversies 28882: 28879: 28875: 28872: 28871:Harriet Miers 28868: 28865: 28861: 28858: 28854: 28853: 28851: 28847: 28844: 28840: 28837: 28833: 28830: 28826: 28823: 28819: 28814: 28810: 28807: 28803: 28800: 28796: 28793: 28789: 28786: 28782: 28779: 28775: 28772: 28768: 28765: 28761: 28760: 28758: 28754: 28751: 28747: 28744: 28740: 28737: 28733: 28732: 28729: 28726: 28724: 28720: 28715: 28708: 28703: 28701: 28696: 28694: 28689: 28688: 28685: 28679: 28675: 28674: 28669: 28655: 28654: 28649: 28646: 28645: 28640: 28639: 28636: 28629: 28625: 28622: 28618: 28615: 28614: 28609: 28606: 28602: 28597: 28593: 28590: 28586: 28585: 28583: 28579: 28578: 28576: 28574: 28570: 28563: 28559: 28554: 28550: 28547: 28543: 28542: 28540: 28536: 28533: 28529: 28526: 28522: 28519: 28515: 28512: 28508: 28505: 28501: 28500: 28498: 28496: 28492: 28485: 28481: 28478: 28474: 28471: 28467: 28464: 28460: 28457: 28453: 28450: 28446: 28445: 28443: 28439: 28432: 28428: 28425: 28421: 28418: 28414: 28409: 28405: 28402: 28398: 28397: 28393: 28390: 28386: 28383: 28379: 28376: 28372: 28369: 28368:Oslo I Accord 28365: 28362: 28358: 28353: 28349: 28346: 28342: 28341: 28339: 28335: 28332: 28328: 28327: 28325: 28323: 28319: 28308: 28304: 28301: 28297: 28294: 28290: 28287: 28283: 28280: 28276: 28273: 28269: 28266: 28262: 28258: 28254: 28250: 28246: 28245: 28243: 28239: 28232: 28228: 28223: 28219: 28216: 28212: 28211: 28209: 28205: 28200: 28199:controversies 28196: 28193: 28192:Supreme Court 28189: 28188: 28186: 28182: 28177: 28173: 28170: 28166: 28161: 28157: 28156: 28154: 28149: 28148: 28146: 28142: 28137: 28133: 28132: 28130: 28126: 28121: 28117: 28114: 28110: 28107: 28103: 28100: 28096: 28093: 28089: 28086: 28082: 28079: 28075: 28072: 28068: 28067: 28065: 28061: 28058: 28054: 28051: 28047: 28044: 28040: 28039: 28037: 28035: 28031: 28026: 28019: 28014: 28012: 28007: 28005: 28000: 27999: 27996: 27990: 27986: 27985: 27980: 27966: 27965: 27960: 27957: 27956: 27951: 27950: 27947: 27940: 27936: 27933: 27929: 27926: 27922: 27919: 27915: 27912: 27908: 27903: 27899: 27898: 27896: 27892: 27889: 27885: 27882: 27878: 27875: 27871: 27868: 27864: 27861: 27857: 27854: 27850: 27847: 27843: 27840: 27836: 27833: 27829: 27826: 27822: 27817: 27813: 27812: 27810: 27806: 27801: 27797: 27794: 27790: 27789: 27787: 27783: 27778: 27774: 27771: 27767: 27764: 27760: 27757: 27753: 27750: 27746: 27745: 27743: 27739: 27736: 27732: 27729: 27725: 27722: 27718: 27713: 27709: 27708: 27706: 27702: 27699: 27695: 27692: 27688: 27685: 27681: 27678: 27674: 27671: 27667: 27666: 27664: 27660: 27653: 27649: 27644: 27640: 27639: 27637: 27633: 27630: 27626: 27623: 27619: 27616: 27612: 27609: 27605: 27602: 27598: 27593: 27589: 27586: 27582: 27581: 27579: 27575: 27574: 27572: 27570: 27566: 27555: 27551: 27548: 27544: 27541: 27537: 27534: 27530: 27526: 27522: 27521: 27519: 27515: 27508: 27504: 27499: 27495: 27492: 27488: 27487: 27485: 27481: 27476: 27475:controversies 27472: 27469: 27465: 27462: 27458: 27457: 27455: 27451: 27448: 27444: 27441: 27437: 27434: 27430: 27427: 27423: 27420: 27416: 27413: 27409: 27406: 27402: 27397: 27393: 27390: 27386: 27383: 27379: 27376: 27372: 27371: 27369: 27365: 27362: 27358: 27355: 27351: 27350: 27348: 27346: 27342: 27337: 27330: 27325: 27323: 27318: 27316: 27311: 27310: 27307: 27301: 27297: 27296: 27291: 27277: 27276: 27271: 27268: 27267: 27262: 27261: 27258: 27251: 27247: 27244: 27240: 27237: 27233: 27230: 27226: 27223: 27219: 27214: 27210: 27207: 27203: 27200: 27196: 27193: 27189: 27186: 27182: 27179: 27175: 27174: 27172: 27168: 27165: 27161: 27158: 27154: 27149: 27145: 27144: 27142: 27138: 27135: 27131: 27128: 27124: 27121: 27117: 27112: 27108: 27105: 27101: 27100: 27098: 27094: 27091: 27087: 27084: 27080: 27077: 27073: 27070: 27066: 27063: 27059: 27054: 27050: 27047: 27043: 27042: 27040: 27036: 27033: 27029: 27028: 27026: 27024: 27020: 27013: 27009: 27006: 27002: 26999: 26995: 26992: 26988: 26985: 26981: 26978: 26974: 26969: 26965: 26964: 26962: 26958: 26955: 26951: 26948: 26944: 26941: 26937: 26934: 26930: 26927: 26923: 26920: 26916: 26913: 26909: 26906: 26902: 26899: 26895: 26892: 26888: 26885: 26881: 26878: 26874: 26869: 26865: 26864: 26862: 26858: 26853: 26849: 26848: 26846: 26842: 26837: 26833: 26830: 26826: 26823: 26819: 26818: 26816: 26812: 26809: 26805: 26802: 26798: 26795: 26791: 26788: 26784: 26779: 26775: 26774: 26772: 26768: 26765: 26761: 26758: 26754: 26753: 26751: 26749: 26745: 26738: 26734: 26731: 26727: 26722: 26718: 26715: 26711: 26710: 26708: 26704: 26701: 26697: 26692: 26688: 26685: 26681: 26678: 26674: 26673: 26671: 26667: 26664: 26660: 26657: 26653: 26650: 26646: 26643: 26639: 26636: 26632: 26628: 26623: 26620: 26616: 26613: 26609: 26606: 26605:Libya bombing 26602: 26599: 26595: 26592: 26588: 26585: 26581: 26576: 26572: 26569: 26565: 26560: 26556: 26555: 26553: 26549: 26546: 26542: 26539: 26535: 26534: 26532: 26528: 26523: 26519: 26516: 26512: 26511: 26509: 26505: 26502: 26498: 26497: 26495: 26493: 26489: 26478: 26474: 26471: 26467: 26464: 26460: 26457: 26453: 26450: 26446: 26443: 26439: 26436: 26432: 26428: 26424: 26420: 26416: 26412: 26411:"Evil empire" 26408: 26407: 26405: 26403: 26399: 26390: 26386: 26383: 26379: 26378: 26376: 26372: 26369: 26365: 26362: 26358: 26355: 26351: 26348: 26344: 26339: 26338:controversies 26335: 26332: 26331:Supreme Court 26328: 26327: 26325: 26321: 26318: 26314: 26311: 26307: 26304: 26300: 26297: 26293: 26289: 26286: 26282: 26281: 26279: 26277: 26273: 26268: 26261: 26256: 26254: 26249: 26247: 26242: 26241: 26238: 26232: 26228: 26227: 26222: 26209: 26208: 26199: 26198: 26195: 26194: 26190: 26188: 26187: 26186:← Gerald Ford 26183: 26182: 26179: 26172: 26169: 26166: 26163: 26160: 26157: 26154: 26151: 26148: 26145: 26142: 26139: 26136: 26133: 26130: 26127: 26124: 26121: 26118: 26115: 26112: 26109: 26106: 26103: 26102: 26100: 26096: 26089: 26088: 26084: 26081: 26080: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26068: 26065: 26061: 26058: 26056: 26053: 26052: 26050: 26049: 26047: 26043: 26036: 26033: 26030: 26027: 26025: 26024: 26019: 26016: 26013: 26012: 26010: 26006: 26000: 25997: 25995: 25992: 25990: 25987: 25985: 25982: 25980: 25977: 25975: 25972: 25970: 25967: 25965: 25962: 25960: 25957: 25955: 25952: 25951: 25949: 25947: 25941: 25934: 25933: 25929: 25926: 25925: 25921: 25918: 25917: 25913: 25910: 25909: 25905: 25902: 25901: 25897: 25893: 25890: 25889: 25887: 25886: 25882: 25879: 25878: 25874: 25871: 25870: 25866: 25863: 25862: 25858: 25857: 25855: 25853: 25849: 25843: 25840: 25838: 25835: 25833: 25830: 25828: 25825: 25821: 25818: 25817: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25804: 25801: 25800: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25789: 25788:Carter Center 25786: 25785: 25783: 25781: 25777: 25765: 25762: 25760: 25757: 25755: 25752: 25750: 25747: 25745: 25742: 25741: 25740: 25739:1980 campaign 25737: 25733: 25730: 25728: 25725: 25723: 25720: 25718: 25715: 25713: 25710: 25709: 25708: 25707:1976 campaign 25705: 25704: 25702: 25698: 25692: 25689: 25687: 25684: 25683: 25681: 25679:Gubernatorial 25677: 25674: 25672: 25668: 25660: 25657: 25655: 25652: 25650: 25647: 25645: 25642: 25641: 25640: 25637: 25635: 25632: 25630: 25627: 25625: 25622: 25621: 25619: 25615: 25605: 25602: 25600: 25597: 25593: 25590: 25589: 25588: 25585: 25581: 25578: 25576: 25573: 25572: 25571: 25568: 25566: 25563: 25561: 25558: 25556: 25553: 25551: 25548: 25546: 25543: 25542: 25540: 25538: 25535:Environmental 25532: 25526: 25523: 25521: 25518: 25514: 25511: 25509: 25506: 25504: 25501: 25500: 25499: 25496: 25492: 25489: 25488: 25487: 25484: 25482: 25479: 25477: 25474: 25473: 25471: 25469: 25468:Energy policy 25465: 25459: 25456: 25454: 25451: 25449: 25446: 25444: 25441: 25439: 25436: 25434: 25431: 25429: 25426: 25424: 25421: 25419: 25416: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25398: 25397: 25394: 25392: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25382: 25379: 25377: 25374: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25364: 25362: 25359: 25357: 25354: 25352: 25349: 25347: 25344: 25343: 25341: 25337: 25331: 25328: 25326: 25323: 25319: 25316: 25315: 25314: 25311: 25307: 25304: 25303: 25302: 25299: 25297: 25294: 25290: 25287: 25286: 25285: 25282: 25280: 25277: 25276: 25274: 25270: 25264: 25261: 25257: 25254: 25253: 25252: 25249: 25247: 25244: 25242: 25239: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25220: 25219: 25215: 25214: 25213: 25210: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25191: 25188: 25186: 25183: 25181: 25178: 25176: 25173: 25171: 25168: 25166: 25163: 25162: 25161: 25158: 25156: 25153: 25149: 25146: 25145: 25144: 25141: 25139: 25136: 25135: 25133: 25131: 25127: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25103: 25099: 25098:controversies 25096: 25095: 25094: 25091: 25089: 25086: 25084: 25081: 25077: 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25053: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25028: 25024: 25016: 25012: 25008: 25005: 25001: 24997: 24994: 24990: 24989: 24986: 24982: 24975: 24970: 24968: 24963: 24961: 24956: 24955: 24952: 24939: 24938: 24933: 24930: 24929: 24924: 24923: 24920: 24913: 24909: 24906: 24902: 24899: 24895: 24890: 24886: 24885: 24883: 24879: 24876: 24872: 24869: 24865: 24862: 24858: 24855: 24851: 24850: 24848: 24846: 24843:Environmental 24840: 24831: 24827: 24824: 24820: 24817: 24813: 24812: 24810: 24806: 24801: 24797: 24794: 24790: 24789: 24787: 24783: 24782: 24780: 24778: 24777:Energy policy 24774: 24767: 24763: 24760: 24756: 24753: 24749: 24744: 24740: 24737: 24733: 24732: 24730: 24726: 24721: 24717: 24716: 24714: 24710: 24705: 24701: 24700: 24698: 24694: 24689: 24685: 24684: 24682: 24678: 24675: 24671: 24666: 24662: 24661: 24659: 24655: 24652: 24648: 24643: 24639: 24638: 24636: 24632: 24629: 24625: 24624: 24622: 24618: 24611: 24607: 24604: 24600: 24597: 24593: 24588: 24584: 24583: 24581: 24577: 24574: 24570: 24567: 24563: 24560: 24556: 24555: 24553: 24549: 24542: 24538: 24535: 24531: 24528: 24524: 24521: 24517: 24514: 24510: 24507: 24503: 24502: 24500: 24498: 24494: 24487: 24483: 24480: 24476: 24471: 24467: 24466: 24464: 24460: 24457: 24453: 24448: 24447:controversies 24444: 24441: 24437: 24436: 24434: 24430: 24427: 24423: 24420: 24416: 24413: 24409: 24404: 24403:San Francisco 24400: 24397: 24393: 24392: 24388: 24385: 24381: 24378: 24374: 24371: 24367: 24366: 24364: 24362: 24358: 24353: 24346: 24341: 24339: 24334: 24332: 24327: 24326: 24323: 24317: 24313: 24312: 24307: 24293: 24292: 24287: 24284: 24283: 24278: 24277: 24274: 24267: 24263: 24260: 24256: 24251: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24240: 24236: 24235: 24230: 24227: 24223: 24218: 24214: 24213: 24211: 24207: 24204: 24200: 24197: 24193: 24190: 24186: 24181: 24177: 24174: 24170: 24167: 24163: 24162: 24160: 24156: 24155: 24153: 24151: 24147: 24140: 24136: 24133: 24129: 24126: 24122: 24119: 24115: 24112: 24108: 24105: 24101: 24098: 24094: 24089: 24085: 24084: 24082: 24078: 24075: 24071: 24066: 24062: 24059: 24055: 24052: 24048: 24045: 24041: 24038: 24034: 24031: 24027: 24024: 24020: 24017: 24013: 24012: 24010: 24006: 24001: 23997: 23994: 23990: 23989: 23987: 23983: 23982: 23980: 23978: 23975:Environmental 23972: 23965: 23961: 23958: 23954: 23951: 23947: 23944: 23940: 23937: 23933: 23930: 23926: 23923: 23919: 23916: 23912: 23909: 23905: 23902: 23898: 23893: 23889: 23888: 23886: 23882: 23877: 23873: 23872: 23870: 23866: 23863: 23859: 23854: 23850: 23847: 23843: 23840: 23836: 23835: 23833: 23829: 23824: 23820: 23817: 23813: 23810: 23806: 23805: 23803: 23799: 23794: 23790: 23787: 23783: 23782: 23780: 23776: 23773: 23769: 23766: 23762: 23759: 23755: 23752: 23748: 23745: 23741: 23740: 23738: 23736: 23732: 23723: 23719: 23718: 23716: 23712: 23709: 23705: 23702: 23698: 23695: 23691: 23688: 23684: 23679: 23675: 23672: 23668: 23667: 23665: 23661: 23658: 23654: 23651: 23647: 23644: 23640: 23637: 23633: 23630: 23626: 23623: 23619: 23616: 23612: 23609: 23605: 23602: 23598: 23593: 23589: 23586: 23582: 23581: 23579: 23575: 23570: 23566: 23565: 23563: 23559: 23556: 23552: 23549: 23545: 23542: 23538: 23537: 23535: 23531: 23524: 23520: 23517: 23513: 23508: 23504: 23501: 23497: 23494: 23490: 23487: 23486:SALT I Treaty 23483: 23480: 23476: 23473: 23469: 23468: 23466: 23462: 23459: 23455: 23450: 23446: 23445: 23443: 23439: 23436: 23432: 23427: 23423: 23422: 23420: 23416: 23411: 23407: 23403: 23398: 23395: 23391: 23388: 23384: 23383: 23381: 23377: 23374: 23370: 23367: 23363: 23362: 23360: 23358: 23354: 23347: 23343: 23340: 23336: 23331: 23330:controversies 23327: 23324: 23323:Supreme Court 23320: 23319: 23317: 23313: 23310: 23306: 23303: 23299: 23296: 23292: 23289: 23285: 23282: 23278: 23275: 23271: 23268: 23264: 23261: 23257: 23254: 23250: 23247: 23243: 23237: 23232: 23231: 23229: 23225: 23222: 23218: 23217: 23215: 23213: 23209: 23204: 23197: 23192: 23190: 23185: 23183: 23178: 23177: 23174: 23168: 23164: 23163: 23158: 23141: 23131: 23129: 23119: 23116: 23105: 23101: 23091: 23090: 23089: 23078: 23076: 23072: 23068: 23066: 23055: 23054: 23053: 23052: 23043: 23039: 23035: 23034: 23031: 23023: 23012: 23010: 22999: 22997: 22986: 22984: 22973: 22971: 22960: 22958: 22947: 22945: 22934: 22930: 22927: 22926: 22925: 22924:United States 22914: 22913: 22912: 22911: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22894: 22890: 22887: 22886: 22885: 22875: 22874: 22873: 22872: 22868: 22864: 22861: 22860: 22859: 22856: 22852: 22849: 22847: 22844: 22840: 22837: 22836: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22821: 22820: 22818: 22814: 22813: 22806: 22803: 22801: 22798: 22796: 22793: 22790: 22787: 22785: 22781: 22777: 22775: 22771: 22767: 22765: 22761: 22757: 22755: 22751: 22747: 22745: 22741: 22737: 22735: 22724: 22721: 22717: 22713: 22712: 22711: 22709: 22702: 22698: 22694: 22692: 22688: 22684: 22681: 22677: 22673: 22671: 22667: 22663: 22661: 22657: 22653: 22652: 22649: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22634: 22630: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22595: 22594: 22590: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22561: 22558: 22557: 22553: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22510: 22506: 22495: 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22457: 22455: 22452: 22450: 22447: 22445: 22442: 22440: 22437: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22380: 22377: 22375: 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22360: 22357: 22355: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22345: 22342: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22320: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22311: 22307: 22303: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22290: 22289:Participants 22286: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22265: 22260: 22258: 22253: 22251: 22246: 22245: 22242: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22212: 22209: 22207: 22204: 22202: 22199: 22197: 22194: 22192: 22189: 22187: 22184: 22182: 22179: 22177: 22176: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22166: 22164: 22160: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22146: 22144: 22141: 22140: 22138: 22134: 22130: 22122: 22119: 22118: 22114: 22110: 22096: 22094: 22090: 22088: 22086: 22082: 22080: 22078: 22074: 22072: 22070: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22055: 22053: 22049: 22043: 22042:Juárez prison 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22023: 22020: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22010: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22002:Coatzacoalcos 22000: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21977:San Sebastián 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21948: 21945: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21925: 21923: 21920: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21899: 21897: 21895: 21891: 21887: 21879: 21876: 21875: 21871: 21867: 21853: 21852: 21848: 21846: 21845: 21844:Wide Receiver 21841: 21839: 21838: 21834: 21832: 21831: 21827: 21825: 21824: 21820: 21818: 21817: 21813: 21811: 21810: 21806: 21804: 21803: 21799: 21797: 21796: 21792: 21790: 21789: 21785: 21783: 21782: 21778: 21776: 21775: 21771: 21769: 21768: 21764: 21762: 21761: 21757: 21755: 21754: 21750: 21748: 21747: 21743: 21741: 21740: 21736: 21734: 21733: 21729: 21727: 21726: 21722: 21720: 21719: 21715: 21713: 21712: 21708: 21706: 21705: 21701: 21700: 21698: 21694: 21688: 21687: 21683: 21681: 21680: 21676: 21674: 21673: 21669: 21667: 21666: 21662: 21660: 21659: 21655: 21653: 21652: 21648: 21647: 21645: 21641: 21637: 21629: 21626: 21625: 21621: 21617: 21603: 21600: 21598: 21595: 21593: 21592: 21588: 21586: 21585: 21581: 21579: 21578: 21574: 21572: 21571: 21567: 21565: 21564: 21560: 21559: 21557: 21553: 21547: 21546: 21542: 21540: 21539: 21535: 21533: 21532: 21528: 21526: 21525: 21521: 21519: 21518: 21514: 21512: 21511: 21507: 21505: 21502: 21500: 21499: 21495: 21494: 21492: 21488: 21482: 21479: 21477: 21474: 21472: 21469: 21467: 21464: 21462: 21459: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21418: 21416: 21414:Other cartels 21412: 21408: 21400: 21397: 21396: 21392: 21388: 21374: 21373: 21370: 21369: 21365: 21363: 21362: 21358: 21356: 21355: 21351: 21349: 21348: 21344: 21342: 21341: 21337: 21335: 21334: 21330: 21328: 21327: 21323: 21321: 21320: 21316: 21314: 21313: 21309: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21293: 21291: 21287: 21281: 21280: 21276: 21274: 21273: 21269: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21258: 21256: 21252: 21248: 21244: 21239: 21235: 21221: 21220: 21216: 21214: 21213: 21209: 21207: 21206: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21195: 21189: 21188: 21184: 21182: 21181: 21177: 21175: 21174: 21170: 21168: 21167: 21163: 21161: 21160: 21156: 21155: 21153: 21149: 21145: 21141: 21136: 21132: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21112: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21102: 21100: 21096: 21090: 21089: 21085: 21083: 21082: 21078: 21076: 21073: 21071: 21070: 21066: 21064: 21063: 21059: 21057: 21056: 21052: 21051: 21049: 21045: 21041: 21037: 21032: 21028: 21014: 21013: 21009: 21007: 21006: 21002: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20994: 20990: 20989: 20987: 20983: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20971: 20967: 20965: 20964: 20960: 20958: 20957: 20953: 20952: 20950: 20946: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20925: 20922: 20921: 20919: 20915: 20911: 20907: 20902: 20898: 20884: 20883: 20879: 20877: 20876: 20872: 20870: 20869: 20865: 20864: 20862: 20858: 20852: 20851: 20847: 20845: 20844: 20840: 20839: 20837: 20833: 20827: 20824: 20823: 20821: 20817: 20813: 20809: 20804: 20800: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20780: 20776: 20775: 20773: 20769: 20763: 20762: 20758: 20756: 20755: 20751: 20749: 20748: 20744: 20743: 20741: 20737: 20731: 20728: 20727: 20725: 20721: 20717: 20713: 20712:Juárez Cartel 20708: 20704: 20690: 20689: 20685: 20683: 20682: 20678: 20676: 20675: 20671: 20669: 20668: 20664: 20662: 20661: 20657: 20655: 20654: 20650: 20649: 20647: 20643: 20637: 20636: 20632: 20630: 20629: 20625: 20624: 20622: 20618: 20612: 20609: 20607: 20604: 20603: 20601: 20597: 20593: 20589: 20584: 20580: 20566: 20565: 20561: 20559: 20558: 20554: 20552: 20551: 20547: 20545: 20544: 20540: 20538: 20537: 20533: 20531: 20530: 20526: 20524: 20523: 20519: 20517: 20516: 20512: 20510: 20509: 20505: 20504: 20502: 20498: 20494: 20490: 20485: 20481: 20467: 20464: 20462: 20461: 20457: 20456: 20454: 20450: 20444: 20443: 20439: 20437: 20436: 20432: 20430: 20429: 20425: 20423: 20422: 20418: 20416: 20415: 20411: 20409: 20408: 20404: 20403: 20401: 20397: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20383: 20382: 20380: 20376: 20369: 20365: 20361: 20356: 20352: 20338: 20335: 20333: 20330: 20328: 20325: 20323: 20320: 20318: 20315: 20313: 20310: 20308: 20305: 20303: 20300: 20299: 20296: 20292: 20287: 20283: 20279: 20278: 20272: 20268: 20263: 20257: 20253: 20246: 20241: 20239: 20234: 20232: 20227: 20226: 20223: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20179:Spearhead Ltd 20177: 20176: 20175: 20173: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20157: 20156: 20154: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20141:Los Rastrojos 20139: 20137: 20134: 20133: 20130: 20124: 20113: 20111: 20110:United States 20100: 20098: 20087: 20083: 20080: 20079: 20078: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20061: 20060: 20058: 20051: 20048: 20047: 20046: 20044: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20026: 20024: 20021: 20017: 20014: 20010: 20007: 20006: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19994:National Army 19992: 19991: 19990: 19988: 19984: 19983: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19956: 19953: 19949: 19946: 19945: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19933:PC de C (M-L) 19931: 19929: 19926: 19924: 19921: 19920: 19919: 19917: 19910: 19907: 19905: 19901: 19897: 19895: 19891: 19887: 19885: 19881: 19877: 19875: 19871: 19867: 19863: 19860: 19859: 19858: 19854: 19850: 19849: 19848: 19846: 19839: 19836: 19834: 19830: 19826: 19824: 19820: 19816: 19814: 19810: 19806: 19805: 19802: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19787: 19783: 19779: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19758: 19754: 19745: 19742: 19740: 19737: 19736: 19732: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19711: 19708: 19707: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19697: 19693: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19668:Plan Patriota 19666: 19664: 19663:Plan Colombia 19661: 19659: 19656: 19655: 19651: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19552:El Caguán DMZ 19550: 19548: 19545: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19503: 19499: 19495: 19492: 19489: 19487: 19486: 19480: 19479:Participants 19476: 19472: 19467: 19462: 19455: 19450: 19448: 19443: 19441: 19436: 19435: 19432: 19420: 19417: 19415: 19412: 19411: 19406: 19402: 19399: 19395: 19394: 19390: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19366: 19363: 19359: 19356: 19355: 19354: 19351: 19347: 19344: 19343: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19301: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19294:Energy policy 19292: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19249: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19236: 19235:incarceration 19233: 19232: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19222: 19220: 19216: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19144: 19143: 19140: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19128: 19126: 19123: 19121: 19120:Prenatal care 19118: 19116: 19115:Birth control 19113: 19111: 19108: 19107: 19106: 19103: 19101: 19098: 19097: 19095: 19093: 19089: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19052:Homeownership 19050: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19029: 19027: 19025: 19021: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18882: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18855: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18832: 18829: 18828: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18815: 18812: 18811: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18784: 18783: 18780: 18776: 18775:working class 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18735:homeownership 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18722: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18682: 18680: 18678: 18674: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18661: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18617: 18615: 18613: 18609: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18526: 18523: 18521: 18518: 18516: 18515:Manufacturing 18513: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18483: 18482: 18481: 18478: 18477: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18465: 18451: 18448: 18444: 18443:Third parties 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18430: 18429: 18426: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18395: 18392: 18391: 18390: 18387: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18374: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18364: 18361: 18349: 18346: 18345: 18344: 18341: 18340: 18338: 18336: 18332: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18317: 18315: 18313: 18309: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18254: 18252: 18248: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18223: 18221: 18219: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18206: 18200: 18197: 18193: 18190: 18189: 18188: 18185: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18168: 18167: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18157: 18155: 18153: 18149: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18120: 18118: 18116: 18112: 18104: 18101: 18100: 18099: 18096: 18092: 18089: 18088: 18087: 18084: 18083: 18081: 18079: 18075: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18056: 18052: 18044: 18041: 18040: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17997: 17994: 17993: 17992: 17989: 17985: 17982: 17981: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17974: 17972: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17957: 17952: 17948: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17892: 17891: 17888: 17887: 17885: 17883: 17879: 17873: 17870: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17834: 17831: 17830: 17829: 17826: 17825: 17823: 17821: 17817: 17811: 17810:U.S. attorney 17808: 17806: 17803: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17790: 17789: 17785: 17782: 17778: 17775: 17774: 17773: 17770: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17755:Chief Justice 17753: 17752: 17751: 17750:Supreme Court 17748: 17747: 17745: 17743: 17739: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17692: 17691: 17688: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17675: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17668: 17666: 17662: 17656: 17655:Public policy 17653: 17651: 17650:Civil service 17648: 17646: 17643: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17595: 17594: 17591: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17568: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17531: 17530: 17527: 17526: 17524: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17432: 17431: 17427: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17339: 17338: 17335: 17331: 17328: 17327: 17326: 17323: 17319: 17318:Sierra Nevada 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17295: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17256:insular zones 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17224: 17223: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17211: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17156: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17129: 17128: 17127:War on Terror 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17107:LGBT Movement 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17076: 17073: 17072: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17025: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16933: 16932: 16929: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16916: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16859: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16847: 16843: 16837: 16834: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16768: 16763: 16762:United States 16756: 16751: 16749: 16744: 16742: 16737: 16736: 16733: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16692: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16679: 16677: 16673:Countries by 16671: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16614:Drug checking 16612: 16611: 16609: 16605: 16596: 16595: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16583:Neurotoxicity 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16562: 16559: 16558: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16526: 16520: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16497:Cannabis shop 16495: 16493: 16490: 16489: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16470:United States 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16325:Latin America 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16157: 16156: 16153: 16152: 16150: 16146: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16113: 16110: 16102: 16098: 16091: 16087: 16073: 16070: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16060:Plan Colombia 16058: 16056: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16020:Designer drug 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15995: 15991: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15942:Drug legality 15940: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15893: 15892: 15891:United States 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15825: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15805: 15804:Latin America 15802: 15801: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15776: 15775: 15774:Policy reform 15772: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15744: 15743: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15733: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15691: 15690: 15687: 15686: 15684: 15682:International 15680: 15676: 15669: 15665: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15640:Sex and drugs 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15620:Poly drug use 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15556: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15529:Cloud-chasing 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15516: 15514: 15512: 15508: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15456:Psychonautics 15454: 15453: 15451: 15449: 15445: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15383:Drinking song 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15373:Diethyl ether 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15363:Beer festival 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15346: 15342: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15315: 15313: 15309: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15209: 15207: 15205: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15188: 15184: 15170: 15167: 15164: 15160: 15159:Nitrous oxide 15157: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15144: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15129: 15127: 15125: 15121: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15098: 15094: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15067: 15066: 15063: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15036: 15032: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14995: 14994: 14990: 14987: 14986: 14984: 14982: 14978: 14970: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14953: 14950: 14949: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14915: 14911: 14910:Nitrous oxide 14908: 14907: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14895: 14891: 14888: 14887: 14885: 14883: 14882:Dissociatives 14879: 14871: 14868: 14867: 14866: 14862: 14859: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14841: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14823: 14820: 14819: 14818: 14815: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14790: 14788: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14778:Hallucinogens 14775: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14758: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14728: 14726: 14724: 14720: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14702: 14699: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14681: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14643: 14640: 14639: 14638: 14635: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14622: 14621: 14618: 14614: 14611: 14610: 14609: 14606: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14596:Energy drinks 14594: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14561: 14559: 14557: 14553: 14547: 14544: 14540: 14537: 14536: 14535: 14532: 14528: 14525: 14524: 14523: 14520: 14516: 14513: 14512: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14495:Hydromorphone 14493: 14491: 14488: 14483: 14482: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14468: 14465: 14464: 14463: 14460: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14450: 14446: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14438: 14433: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14427:Buprenorphine 14425: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14391: 14388: 14387: 14385: 14381: 14380:Paint thinner 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14361: 14357: 14352: 14348: 14347:Nitrous oxide 14345: 14344: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14255: 14250: 14248: 14243: 14241: 14236: 14235: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14220: 14217: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14190: 14187: 14173: 14166: 14165: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14121: 14117: 14114: 14110: 14107: 14103: 14100: 14097: 14093: 14090: 14086: 14083: 14079: 14076: 14072: 14068: 14064: 14059: 14056: 14052: 14049: 14045: 14042: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14021: 14018: 14014: 14011: 14007: 14003: 13999: 13995: 13989: 13985: 13979: 13975: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13917: 13916: 13908: 13901: 13882: 13875: 13868: 13852: 13848: 13842: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13811: 13796: 13792: 13786: 13771: 13767: 13760: 13744: 13743: 13738: 13732: 13725: 13719: 13704: 13703: 13698: 13692: 13685: 13679: 13673: 13669: 13665: 13661: 13656: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13625: 13609: 13605: 13599: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13571: 13569: 13561: 13555: 13548: 13542: 13535: 13529: 13513: 13512: 13504: 13498: 13491: 13479: 13478: 13477:Rolling Stone 13473: 13466: 13450: 13446: 13440: 13432: 13426: 13418: 13412: 13410: 13394: 13393: 13388: 13381: 13373: 13366: 13362: 13355: 13349: 13341: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13323: 13319: 13315: 13311: 13307: 13300: 13294:. Jaacap.com. 13293: 13289: 13286: 13281: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13262: 13255: 13251: 13246: 13230: 13226: 13220: 13212: 13208: 13202: 13183: 13179: 13172: 13165: 13149: 13145: 13141: 13135: 13119: 13115: 13111: 13105: 13089: 13085: 13079: 13072: 13071: 13064: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13038: 13037: 13032: 13026: 13019: 13013: 12997: 12993: 12987: 12979: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12938: 12931: 12927: 12921: 12913: 12901: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12885: 12870: 12869: 12868:New Statesman 12864: 12857: 12849: 12837: 12822: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12803: 12795: 12788: 12783: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12736: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12701: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12677: 12669: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12620: 12618:9781134123940 12614: 12611:. Routledge. 12610: 12609: 12601: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12571: 12564: 12552: 12551: 12546: 12539: 12523: 12519: 12512: 12497: 12496: 12491: 12484: 12477: 12473: 12470: 12465: 12458: 12450: 12443: 12439: 12433: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12405: 12390: 12389: 12384: 12377: 12362: 12361: 12356: 12349: 12333: 12329: 12323: 12307: 12303: 12299: 12293: 12278: 12277: 12272: 12265: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12237: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12209: 12207: 12190: 12189: 12184: 12178: 12163: 12162: 12157: 12150: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12135: 12129: 12125: 12118: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12087: 12068: 12061: 12059: 12050: 12035: 12031: 12024: 12015: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11977: 11970: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11925: 11924: 11916: 11909: 11894: 11893: 11892:PBS Frontline 11888: 11882: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11857: 11855: 11847: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11807:September 18, 11802: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11785: 11777: 11773: 11766: 11755: 11749: 11741: 11740: 11735: 11729: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11698: 11683: 11682: 11677: 11670: 11662: 11658: 11657: 11650: 11635: 11634: 11626: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11596: 11590:p. 253 (2002) 11589: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11572: 11570: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11541: 11530:September 18, 11525: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11511: 11505: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11477: 11476: 11471: 11465: 11456: 11441: 11440: 11435: 11428: 11422: 11417: 11401: 11397: 11391: 11383: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11340: 11334:(1997), p. xi 11333: 11328: 11312: 11311: 11303: 11297: 11282: 11281: 11276: 11269: 11254: 11253: 11248: 11241: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11213: 11211: 11201: 11196: 11193:(1): Art. 9. 11192: 11188: 11184: 11177: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11144: 11137: 11132: 11121:September 28, 11117: 11113: 11109: 11105: 11098: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11059: 11053: 11048: 11047: 11038: 11029: 11027: 11017: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10953: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10919: 10903: 10902: 10897: 10891: 10889: 10873: 10872: 10867: 10860: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10832: 10817: 10816: 10811: 10804: 10789: 10788: 10783: 10776: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10719: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10689: 10674: 10673: 10665: 10658: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10599: 10595: 10592: 10586: 10567: 10563: 10556: 10550: 10542: 10535: 10527: 10521: 10513: 10509: 10502: 10496: 10490: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10467: 10466: 10457: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10442: 10436: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10414:. Zed Books. 10413: 10412: 10404: 10397: 10394: 10390: 10387: 10381: 10365: 10358: 10352: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10324: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10225:The Economist 10222: 10216: 10209: 10197: 10196: 10191: 10184: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10156: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10128: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10100: 10093: 10088: 10073: 10072: 10064: 10057: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10026: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9995: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9938: 9919: 9915: 9908: 9902: 9886: 9885: 9877: 9871: 9856: 9855: 9850: 9844: 9829: 9828: 9823: 9816: 9801: 9800: 9792: 9785: 9770: 9769: 9764: 9757: 9749: 9748:www.state.gov 9745: 9739: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9712: 9708: 9701: 9686: 9685: 9680: 9673: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9645: 9643: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9579: 9575: 9568: 9553: 9552: 9547: 9540: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9479: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9451: 9436: 9432: 9426: 9410: 9406: 9400: 9385: 9384: 9379: 9372: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9353: 9337: 9336: 9331: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9306: 9298: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9266:, p. 44. 9265: 9260: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9232: 9217: 9216: 9215:Rolling Stone 9211: 9204: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9176: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9148: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9128: 9121: 9116: 9100: 9099: 9091: 9085: 9078: 9074: 9068: 9052: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9021: 9006: 9002: 8995: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8977: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8958: 8951: 8947: 8944: 8939: 8928: 8922: 8906: 8905: 8897: 8891: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8863: 8861: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8841: 8839: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8821: 8818: 8813: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8772: 8770: 8762: 8757: 8750: 8744: 8742: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8679: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8643: 8642: 8637: 8630: 8622: 8621: 8616: 8609: 8607: 8597: 8581: 8580: 8572: 8566: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8516: 8501: 8500: 8499:FactCheck.org 8495: 8488: 8480: 8474: 8470: 8463: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8422: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8394: 8379: 8378: 8370: 8363: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8326: 8310: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8291: 8276: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8257: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8189: 8181: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8131: 8123: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8080: 8065: 8064: 8059: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8040: 8038: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7980: 7976: 7969: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7938: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7884: 7869: 7868: 7863: 7856: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7828: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7805:"Just Say No" 7800: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7757: 7756: 7755:Rolling Stone 7751: 7744: 7735: 7727: 7721: 7713: 7706: 7698: 7692: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7668: 7653: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7611: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7578: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7559: 7557: 7549: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7494: 7487: 7475: 7474: 7469: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7415: 7411: 7404: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7367: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7222: 7217: 7210: 7202: 7196: 7188: 7186:9781315295176 7182: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7139: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7098: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7033: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7014: 7006: 6994: 6987: 6981: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6963: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6718: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6690: 6688: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6623: 6617: 6610: 6604: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6582:"Conventions" 6577: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6503: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6463: 6459: 6458: 6450: 6443: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6359: 6352: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6327: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6299: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6144: 6139: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6064: 6060: 6059: 6050: 6043: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5876: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5837: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5798: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5759: 5751: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5726: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5617: 5608: 5593: 5587: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5498: 5488: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5389: 5388: 5387:History Extra 5383: 5376: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5348: 5333: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5274: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5234:September 10, 5230: 5226: 5222: 5220:9780226276977 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5144: 5136:September 10, 5131: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5045: 5039: 5023: 5017: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4961: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4824: 4818: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4765: 4750: 4749: 4741: 4735: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4677: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4554: 4546: 4545:grew harsher. 4534: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4316:1-85984-139-2 4312: 4307: 4306: 4297: 4295: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4262: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4157: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4094: 4093: 4092:PBS Frontline 4088: 4082: 4074: 4062: 4061: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3808: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3694: 3692: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3390: 3381: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3096: 3093: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3042: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3027:Rolling Stone 3017: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2898:Plan Colombia 2894: 2892: 2884: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2856:In 1988, the 2850: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2767:New Statesmen 2762: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2705: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2681: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623:crack cocaine 2620: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2592: 2587: 2578: 2575: 2574:Michael Tonry 2571: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2538:in his work, 2537: 2531: 2521: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361:war on terror 2358: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2322: 2318: 2317:United States 2314: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2277: 2276:U.S. military 2272: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2063:and the 1997 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2037:Plan Colombia 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2014:Plan Patriota 2012: 2010: 2009:Plan Colombia 2007: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1987:(Part of the 1977: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1944:Plan Colombia 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1897:Latin America 1894: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1846:Plan Colombia 1843: 1839: 1835: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1780:In 2023, the 1773: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1693: 1683: 1680: 1679:Jeff Sessions 1676: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1611: 1607: 1604:visiting the 1603: 1602:Kamala Harris 1598: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1580:In 2011, the 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1530: 1522: 1514: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494:John Ashcroft 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1464:three-strikes 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1416:crack cocaine 1413: 1408: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1215:Robert DuPont 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1101:Richard Nixon 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1076:social unrest 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1000: 995: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 972: 970: 964: 961: 957: 953: 949: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925:Andrew Mellon 922: 918: 908: 905: 901: 897: 896: 892:In 1935, the 890: 886: 884: 879: 875: 871: 863: 859: 854: 845: 843: 839: 836:In 1922, the 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 759: 757: 753: 749: 746:In 1906, the 744: 742: 737: 736:San Francisco 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 634: 629: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 576: 572: 562: 560: 556: 551: 548: 544: 539: 537: 532: 528: 522: 519: 503: 502:Richard Nixon 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 466:, led by the 465: 461: 442: 439: 437: 436:Plan Colombia 434: 433: 432: 431: 425: 424: 418: 417: 413: 411: 409: 408:Nacrosobrinos 405: 403: 402: 398: 396: 395: 391: 389: 388: 384: 382: 381: 377: 376: 375: 374: 370: 369: 364: 363: 359: 357: 356: 352: 350: 349: 345: 343: 342: 338: 336: 335: 331: 329: 328: 324: 322: 321: 317: 315: 314: 310: 309: 308: 307: 303: 302: 297: 296: 292: 290: 289: 285: 283: 282: 278: 276: 275: 271: 269: 268: 264: 262: 261: 257: 255: 254: 250: 248: 247: 243: 242: 241: 240: 236: 235: 230: 225: 216: 211: 209: 204: 202: 197: 196: 193: 185: 184: 178: 175: 174: 173: 172: 168: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 146: 145: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 129: 128: 127:United States 116: 115: 110: 102: 99: 98: 92: 89: 88: 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 52: 47: 42: 37: 33: 19: 33160:Mike Pence → 33145: 33120: 33111:Public image 33037: 33030: 33022: 33012: 32997: 32983: 32978:Confirmation 32976: 32893: 32885: 32878: 32808:(son-in-law) 32806:Howard Krein 32800:Ashley Biden 32794:Hunter Biden 32766:(first wife) 32722:endorsements 32656:endorsements 32619:endorsements 32573:Presidential 32382:U.S. Senator 32310: 32301: 32195:Space policy 32172:Racial views 32142:as President 32135:as candidate 31959:Hanoi summit 31873:January 2021 31552:second trial 31504:Impeachments 31301:Hanoi summit 31042:January 2018 31023:Social media 30977:Inauguration 30908: 30899: 30685:Space policy 30110: 30090: 30081: 29305:Phoenix Memo 29224:Space policy 28986:Axis of evil 28878:Samuel Alito 28864:John Roberts 28671: 28651: 28642: 28613:Starr Report 28611: 27982: 27962: 27953: 27554:Chicken Kiev 27361:Inauguration 27293: 27273: 27264: 26224: 26200: 26191: 26184: 26159:Emily Dolvin 26153:Billy Carter 26123:Jason Carter 26085: 26079:Jimmy Carter 26077: 26073:UFO incident 26023:Jimmy Carter 26022: 25999:Grammy Award 25984:Hoover Medal 25930: 25922: 25914: 25906: 25898: 25883: 25875: 25867: 25859: 25700:Presidential 25361:Carter bonds 25216: 25076:January 1981 25046:Inauguration 24981:Jimmy Carter 24935: 24926: 24470:Nixon pardon 24370:Inauguration 24309: 24289: 24280: 24232: 24210:Enemies List 23664:War on drugs 23663: 23160: 23117:(until 1991) 23115:Soviet Union 23050: 23049: 23045:(until 1997) 23029: 23025:(until 1991) 23022:Soviet Union 22909: 22908: 22896:Grupo Colina 22870: 22869: 22815: 22791:(until 2012) 22722:(until 2011) 22707: 22706: 22682:(until 2012) 22626: 22588: 22565:War on drugs 22564: 22551: 22504: 22469:Andahuaylazo 22306: 22299:Key aspects 22298: 22293: 22288: 22196:War on Drugs 22173: 22162:Other topics 22123:Other topics 22092: 22084: 22076: 22068: 22012:Cieneguillas 21937:2011 Durango 21850: 21843: 21836: 21829: 21822: 21816:Quintana Roo 21815: 21808: 21801: 21794: 21787: 21781:Kruz Control 21780: 21773: 21766: 21759: 21752: 21745: 21738: 21731: 21724: 21717: 21710: 21703: 21685: 21678: 21671: 21664: 21657: 21650: 21589: 21582: 21575: 21568: 21561: 21543: 21536: 21529: 21522: 21515: 21508: 21496: 21366: 21359: 21352: 21345: 21338: 21331: 21324: 21317: 21310: 21277: 21270: 21217: 21210: 21203: 21185: 21178: 21171: 21164: 21157: 21109: 21086: 21079: 21067: 21060: 21053: 21010: 21003: 20992: 20969: 20961: 20954: 20880: 20873: 20866: 20848: 20841: 20777: 20759: 20752: 20745: 20686: 20679: 20672: 20665: 20658: 20651: 20633: 20626: 20562: 20555: 20548: 20541: 20534: 20527: 20520: 20513: 20506: 20458: 20440: 20433: 20426: 20419: 20412: 20405: 20312:Mexican Navy 20302:Mexican Army 20275: 20261: 20171: 20170: 20152: 20151: 20128: 20056: 20055: 20042: 20041: 20022: 19985: 19915: 19914: 19844: 19843: 19775: 19752: 19730: 19705:War on drugs 19704: 19691: 19649: 19498: 19491:Key aspects 19490: 19483: 19478: 19336:Human rights 19316:Gun politics 19267:Islamophobia 19257:antisemitism 19125:Hospice care 19067:Middle class 19047:Homelessness 19024:Social class 18984:Social class 18848:Human rights 18838:Homelessness 18750:middle class 18715:Demographics 18690:Architecture 18597:Unemployment 18577:Labor unions 18325:Town meeting 18302:City council 18297:City manager 18038:State police 17900:Marine Corps 17890:Armed Forces 17865:civil rights 17845:Constitution 17417:Southwestern 17412:Southeastern 17402:Northwestern 17397:Northeastern 17362:Mid-Atlantic 17352:Great Plains 17070:World War II 16953:Constitution 16857:Colonial era 16836:2008–present 16700:Lifetime use 16502:Liquor store 16420:South Africa 16050:War on drugs 16049: 15876:Soviet Union 15752:Legalization 15590:Drug tourism 15438:Wine tasting 15358:Beer culture 15320:Coffee break 15257:Cannabis tea 15192:Drug culture 15035:Cannabinoids 14964:Salvinorin A 14930:amyl nitrite 14787:Psychedelics 14539:/paracetamol 14452:Desomorphine 14292:Barbiturates 14179:, retrieved 14172:the original 14163: 14119: 14112: 14105: 14098: 14088: 14081: 14070: 14066: 14054: 14047: 14040: 14024: 14016: 14009: 13993: 13972: 13946:War on drugs 13945: 13920:. Retrieved 13918:. p. 19 13913: 13900: 13888:. Retrieved 13879:. CATO.org. 13867: 13857:February 20, 13855:. Retrieved 13851:the original 13841: 13829:. Retrieved 13820: 13810: 13798:. Retrieved 13794: 13785: 13773:. Retrieved 13769: 13759: 13747:. Retrieved 13740: 13731: 13723: 13718: 13706:. Retrieved 13700: 13691: 13683: 13678: 13663: 13655: 13645:November 23, 13643:. Retrieved 13634: 13624: 13614:November 22, 13612:. Retrieved 13598: 13586:. Retrieved 13580: 13559: 13554: 13546: 13541: 13533: 13528: 13516:. Retrieved 13514:. March 2023 13509: 13497: 13488: 13481:. Retrieved 13475: 13465: 13453:. Retrieved 13449:the original 13439: 13425: 13396:. Retrieved 13390: 13380: 13348: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13280: 13261: 13245: 13233:. Retrieved 13219: 13211:the original 13201: 13189:. Retrieved 13177: 13164: 13152:. Retrieved 13143: 13134: 13122:. Retrieved 13113: 13104: 13092:. Retrieved 13088:the original 13078: 13068: 13063: 13035: 13025: 13017: 13012: 13000:. 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Police 2509:deportation 2493:food stamps 2341:Afghanistan 2335:Evo Morales 2239:During the 2182:El Salvador 1840:, then the 1721:passed the 1663:Wall Street 1502:Patriot Act 1424:Oval Office 1268:Just Say No 1226:Gerald Ford 1087:within the 823:Prohibition 788:World War I 713:germ theory 684:diamorphine 441:Plan Mexico 348:Sudden Fall 320:Pipe Dreams 281:Green Sweep 69:Just Say No 33187:Categories 33128:Sleepy Joe 32970:depictions 32896:(foreword) 32802:(daughter) 32788:Beau Biden 32770:Jill Biden 32705:withdrawal 32678:convention 32552:convention 32540:transition 32525:convention 32402:Early life 31966:DMZ summit 31308:DMZ summit 31227:Peace plan 31155:Trump wall 30970:Transition 30618:Cuban thaw 30516:South Asia 30175:Transition 28736:Transition 28449:AmeriCorps 28043:Transition 27354:Transition 26559:INF Treaty 26552:Washington 26285:Transition 26125:(grandson) 26119:(daughter) 26117:Amy Carter 26055:Birthplace 25946:and honors 25810:The Elders 25754:convention 25722:convention 25256:FISA Court 25041:Transition 25027:Presidency 24396:Sacramento 23221:Transition 22294:Timeline 22206:Narco tank 22095:(US agent) 21992:Minatitlán 21982:Topo Chico 21917:Nuevo León 21774:Jump Start 21725:Blue Storm 21718:Black Swan 21696:Operations 21672:Shadowfire 21630:Operations 21441:Los Negros 20934:Los Ántrax 20606:Los Metros 20146:Clan Úsuga 19786:Guerrillas 19375:Xenophobia 19164:Disability 19105:Healthcare 19014:Visual art 18959:Philosophy 18905:television 18895:newspapers 18885:journalism 18875:Literature 18787:attainment 18438:Republican 18433:Democratic 18406:Ideologies 18367:Corruption 17932:NOAA Corps 17855:preemption 17850:federalism 17465:Rio Grande 17367:Midwestern 17347:West Coast 17342:East Coast 17185:Inventions 17097:Space Race 17092:Korean War 17075:home front 17010:Gilded Age 16695:Annual use 16546:Dependence 16410:Seychelles 16315:Kyrgyzstan 16230:Costa Rica 16175:Bangladesh 16148:Drug trade 16117:production 16106:production 16025:Drug court 15911:California 15829:by country 15762:Regulation 15496:Smart shop 15481:Literature 15476:Experience 15423:Sports bar 15388:Happy hour 15353:Bartending 15124:Club drugs 15097:Oneirogens 14981:Deliriants 14861:Psilocybin 14684:Polacrilex 14654:Mephedrone 14556:Stimulants 14358:Hazardous 14302:Carbamates 14202:Narco News 14027:(6): 253. 13800:October 1, 13775:October 1, 13191:August 23, 13154:August 15, 13124:August 15, 13002:October 4, 12685:1887/21802 11840:August 24, 10514:(Nov–Dec). 10430:p. 99 10201:January 6, 10007:. London. 9383:High Times 9264:Lampe 2023 7696:0195136268 7541:January 6, 7329:January 6, 6647:January 8, 6555:"Treaties" 6154:Jack Herer 5393:January 6, 5229:2016011027 4877:The Lancet 4807:October 8, 3401:References 3169:economist 3039:See also: 3002:and 2020. 2811:See also: 2728:Fourteenth 2641:Workplace 2616:D.C. 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