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sought to abolish Gaelic customs of chiefship and replace all exactions with a single rent charged on land holdings. This was accordingly supported by the lesser chiefs, but opposed by the over chiefs such as
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Empey, C. A.; Simms, Katharine (1975). "The
Ordinances of the White Earl and the Problem of Coign in the Later Middle Ages".
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held when the chief passed through a subject's lands. By the late medieval period it was often an oppressive charge to
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151:"History - Turning Ireland English"
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199:Edwards, David (1 December 2004).
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205:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
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