Canadian cuisine - Knowledge

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originally from Punjab, opened Supreme on Victoria Drive in 1985. While many Indian pizzerias include toppings like tandoori and butter chicken, Supreme sticks with more standard fare: pepperoni, peppers, mushrooms. But regulars often ask for their pizza "Indian-style" — which means adding ginger, cilantro and spices — and "in the old oven," the shop's decades-old deck oven, as opposed to the more modern conveyor belt-style oven. The Indian-style blend makes the pie medium-spicy and the old oven makes it extra crispy.

8378: 5422: 9352: 20086: 7919: 5398: 5472: 7603: 5484: 1076: 9899: 7182: 5446: 8613: 1905: 3343: 8101: 4109: 3391: 7168: 7831: 2645: 2201: 1577: 5532: 7654: 6732: 5954: 8791: 5966: 36: 10634: 766: 108: 20097: 17576: 17251: 17099: 7555: 7591: 8893: 7615: 7156: 1803: 5496: 4097: 3379: 5942: 5520: 20137: 979: 5460: 5374: 20117: 10687: 8928: 7962: 1619: 7807: 7669: 7627: 2359: 10510: 7819: 7639: 8597: 20127: 10848: 9168: 20107: 7974: 20074: 17565: 11065: 722: 9556: 6681: 7681: 1751:. The English, Scottish, Irish, and French settlers of what would become the Atlantic provinces frequently built their communities beside the ocean and rivers for easy access, and the fishing industry along the Canadian east coast steadily expanded until it became the region's major industry. Accounts from early settlers list fish that were caught, sold, and incorporated into local meals, such as 6720: 8185: 4136: 2483: 1474: 1114:, wild foods, regional dishes, and the privileging of ingredients over recipes. This adaptation, preparation, and emphasis on specific local ingredients is of particular note, and a common theme in Canadian food is the use of foreign recipes, introduced by immigrants and their descendants, that have been modified for use of local products. 1362:, foraged foods, and farmed agricultural products. Indigenous peoples are known to gather more than five-hundred plant species for food. They cultivate and forage a variety of plants, hunt a diversity of animals, and use various tools to boil, smoke/preserve and roast their food. Each region of Canada, with its own 1283:, which developed out of the country's voyaging and frontier culture, have seen to both the creation of distinct national foods and the flourishing of a broader national association with certain types of dishes. In the case of frying dough, for example, particular foods originating form Canada would include 10763: 7998:

became prominent among Central Canadian producers in the 1860s. Ontario's first cheese factory opened in 1863, and by the end of the decade, they had expanded to over two-hundred. The 1860s also saw to the start of a shift from wheat production to dairy and livestock in Quebec, which would become the

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Canadian cuisine has been shaped by the historical and ongoing influences of Indigenous peoples, settlers and immigrants. Indigenous influences remain prevalent in Canada's contemporary food scene, alongside those of the three major immigrant groups of the 17th and 18th centuries: English, Scottish,

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culinary influences are a relatively recent addition to Canadian cuisine, having gained wider prominence in the country during the post-1960's era of immigration, despite earlier South Asian settlement in British Columbia dating back to the late 19th century. Indian food is particularly popular in

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While numerous and varied ingredients are commonly found throughout Canada, each region, with its tradition of culinary development, utilizes locally derived ingredients, both wild and agricultural, which are used to define unique dishes. The table below is meant to provide particular examples of

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remains the world's largest producer. Though the origin of maple syrup production is not clear, the earliest known syrups were made by repeatedly freezing the collected maple sap and removing the ice to concentrate the sugar in the remaining sap. Maple syrup is one of the most commonly consumed

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Pizzerias owned by Indian Canadians are an important fixture in many towns and cities in B.C. One of Vancouver's most popular is Supreme Pizza, which was — like the Filippones' The Penthouse or the Kerasiotises' Olympia — opened by a group of brothers. Tarlok, Karnail, Amrik and Iqbal Bindra,

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saw a greater swell of British immigration to Upper Canada, Lower Canada, and the Atlantic colonies, and the urban and rural development that followed encouraged the spread of eating establishments, local cookbooks, and a busier ingredients market. By the mid-19th century, there was a

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take place annually across Canada and in accordance with seasonality, often in celebration of a local culinary tradition or industry. The list below is a selection of food festivals by region (giving their location and standard month(s) of occurrence), and is not exhaustive.

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While the immense size of Canada, and the diversity of its inhabitants, compounds the difficulty in identifying a monolithic Canadian culinary tradition, Hersch Jacobs acknowledges that the lack of a hegemonic definition does not preclude the existence of Canadian cuisine.

1098:." Canadian food culture writer and author Jennifer Cochrall-King has said that "there is no single definition of Canadian cuisine. It starts with ingredients that spring from the landscape and with traditional dishes steeped in the region's history and culture." 7200:

There is an abundance of unique pastries and desserts that originate from Canada, as accounted for in the list below. Over twenty-one hundred bakery product manufacturing establishments, and more than twelve hundred retail bakeries, operate in the country.

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in 2018. British Columbia accounts for 49% of the country's total aquaculture production volume, while the Maritime provinces account for 46%. Canada is the world's fourth-largest producer of farmed salmon, and other species, such as

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Research Department, a June 2015 poll asked Canadians, "If Canada were to identify one of the following as official national food, which should it be?" The results revealed Canadian bacon to be the top choice, followed by poutine:

1118:, for example, is a Canadian meat pie of French origin that can be cooked with beef, pork or fish. The sections on regionality and national foods below illustrate this tradition of diversity and emphasis on local elements, such as 9681:

In 2020, Hayley Simpson identified the "best signature Canadian dishes" as poutine, Nanaimo bars, butter tarts, beavertails, tourtière, pea soup, Halifax donair, Saskatoon berry pie, and Montreal-style bagels. The following year,

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is of particular aesthetic note given that it is formed out of refurbished shipping containers. Eastern Canada also maintains several street food markets of note, including Montreal's "First Fridays" and Halifax's "Trusk-Side".

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Food has always been a major highlight of the festival, as organizers work with local cultural community groups to run pavilions that sell authentic cuisine to attendees. The festival offered food from 45 different cultures in

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published an article similarly listing "10 Must-Try Canadian Dishes" as poutine, Canadian bacon, caesar, beavertails, Canadian pizza, butter tarts, Nanaimo bars, split pea soup, tourtière, and ketchup (namely "ketchup" chips).

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Though certain dishes may be identified as "Canadian" due to the ingredients used or the origin of their inception, an overarching style of Canadian cuisine may be more difficult to define. Some commentators, such as former

10487:"Marquis" wheat (left) compared to "Preston". The Marquis variety made a marked improvement in maturation speed, harvest efficiency, and winter resilience, and became the basis for all future major wheat strains in Canada. 9530:

Night Market", with over two-hundred retail stalls offering predominantly East Asian-inspired food, such as grilled octopus, takoyaki, dumplings, fish sticks, and taiyaki. As well, there is the "Shipyards Night Market" in

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Lumberjack's breakfast, aka logger's breakfast, aka "The Lumby"—a gargantuan breakfast of three-plus eggs, rations of ham, bacon and sausages, and several large pancakes. This was invented by hotelier J. Houston

12784: 11874: 11799: 2152:, a layer cake filled with prune jam and flavoured with cardamom, and a popular Christmas treat in Manitoba. Bakeries in the province often include other pastries brought over and adapted from Iceland, including 1779:. Meals that incorporated such fish included, and continue to include, fried cod roe, fried or baked cod tongues, stewed or fried cod heads, fish hash, codfish balls, cod sounds, toast and fish, roasted scrawn, 9438:, vegan and vegetarian burgers are common, as are various seafood take-aways and Mexican-influenced street food. Since 2007, Toronto has encouraged vendors to sell street food from a wider variety of cuisines. 14467: 1547:", popular with First Nations and Inuit, reflect the historic exchange of these cultures with European fur traders, who brought with them new ingredients and foods. Common contemporary consumption of bannock, 1486:

In the Arctic, Inuit people traditionally survived on a diet consisting of land and marine mammals, fish, and foraged plant products. Meats were consumed fresh, but also often prepared, cached, and allowed to

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in determining a national food or dish can prove difficult, there are nonetheless several items broadly recognized as being representative of Canada's national cuisine. Foods typically considered

12039:"Slices of the city: A brief history of Vancouver told through pizza. Pizza can help us understand the history of Vancouver's last century: a story of immigration, innovation, commerce and crime" 7999:

dominant agricultural sector in the province by the early 20th century. Cream and cheese factory production would begin to increase exponentially in both Central and Eastern Canada by the 1880s.

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beef. Accordingly, Canadian cuisine privileges the quality of ingredients and regionality, and may be broadly defined as a national tradition of "creole" culinary practices, based on the complex

2132:, were a frontier of multicultural community-building in Canada, and the creation of a regional cuisine which absorbed influences from a variety of ethnic, national, and religious backgrounds. 909:

respectively, and from their adaptation to Indigenous customs, labour-intensive and/or mobile lifestyles, and hostile environmental conditions. French Canadian cuisine can also be divided into

1094:, believe Canadian cuisine to be a collage of dishes from a variety of cultures. Clark himself has been paraphrased to have noted that "Canada has a cuisine of cuisines. Not a stew pot, but a 17226: 17185: 1423:. Salmon are consumed fresh during the spawning season, or smoked dry to create a jerky-like food that can be stored year-round. The latter food is commonly known and sold as "salmon jerky". 15862: 9864:

are common foods during this meal. Lunches are usually compact, utilitarian, and/or casual, particularly given that they are often eaten at work, school, or otherwise outside of the home.

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trading posts, saw to the intermingling of European (largely Scottish and French) traders, clerks, guides, and canoers with the local Indigenous population. The resulting genesis of the

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can be seen (and often heard due to a jingle being broadcast on loudspeakers) nationwide during the summer months. Winnipeg has a particularly famous line-up of food truck vendors on

17200: 1236:, settlers, there is a variety of noteworthy Canadian variations on pre-established, templated food and drink, with their own nationally defined particularities, such as Canadian 11235: 16761: 10851:"Canadian Arcott" sheep, as well as the "Rideau" and "Outaouais" Arcotts, were developed at the Animal Research Centre in Ottawa, of which the word "Arcott" is an acronym for. 9575:

of Canada include poutine and butter tarts. Canadian back or peameal bacon, as well as Atlantic or Pacific salmon, are also commonly thought of as representative of Canada.

14439: 9789:. Breakfast traditionally occurs before work or school on weekdays, or otherwise soon after waking up in the morning. An archetypal French-Canadian meal may contain more 14717: 1783:, salt fish and potatoes, and boiled rounders, among others. The abundance of seafood and the ease by which it could be obtained made the British and French colonies of 11530: 9874:. Local flora and fauna are most fully realized during dinner; in the Maritimes, dinner may be more likely to include fish, while the Prairies might include more beef. 17180: 17034: 16771: 14209: 3552:

Seafood is a very common constituent of Canadian cuisine broadly, but particularly in British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces. West Coast salmon varieties include

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Koelling, Melvin R; Laing, Fred; Taylor, Fred (1996). "Chapter 2: History of Maple Syrup and Sugar Production". In Koelling, Melvin R; Heiligmann, Randall B (eds.).

3697:; in 2016, Alberta's cattle herd accounted for 41.6% of the national total. Alberta beef is thought to have a rich marbled flavour due to the province's nutritious 2334:'s Jewish community, which also derived Winnipeg-style cheesecake from New York City recipes. Winnipeg has given birth to numerous other unique dishes, such as the 17539: 17534: 17519: 9637:

from collected comments, users considered the following to be the Canadian national dish, with maple syrup likely above all the other foods if it were considered:

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In Alberta, notable street food markets include the "Calgary Night Market", as well as the "Calgary Stampede Night Market", and Edmonton's "What the Truck?". The

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and prevalent throughout the country. This style of buffet was developed in the 19th century by Chinese immigrants in order to cater to the local clientele of

9003: 2392:" is widespread across the country, with great variation from place to place. Examples of such variation are seen in unique regional dishes, including Calgary 10974: 1555:

by Indigenous Canadians reflects the legacy of Canadian colonialism in the prohibition of hunting and fishing, and the institutional food rations provided to

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with traditional Japanese ingredients, such as wasabi, teriyaki, shredded daikon radish, or bonito (fish) flakes. Pizza slices are a common street offering.

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that "the sea was covered with fish which could be caught not merely by nets, but weighted basket lowered into the water." Fleets of fishermen from England,

17499: 17231: 17195: 17165: 12198: 6816:, lobster, scallops, shrimp and/or clams. May also contain bacon, potatoes, carrots, onions, pepper, salt, dill and chives. Dairy may be 35% heavy cream, 17469: 16989: 15963: 3994:. It is a particularly fluffy pancake due to the folding and beating method required in preparing the mixture. Maple syrup and fruit are common toppings. 14889: 14173: 9881:

in Canada is commonly observed as a more formal affair than typical dinners, often involving family and/or guests, and a more thoroughly prepared meal.

17236: 11152:"You can find Indian-style pizzas, often complete with butter chicken, from St. John's to Winnipeg to a vineyard restaurant in B.C.'s Okanagan Valley." 2064:

in the late 19th-century led to a significant influx of not just settlers of British origin, but of also a multitude of different backgrounds, notably

15485: 14044: 15539: 10528:, the province's grain production became largely redundant. This allowed for the development of specialized produce industries, such as fruit in the 10108:. Although the occasion as a whole incorporates complex political, social, and economic elements, feasting is still a central aspect of the practice. 2563:

includes "Indian-style pizza" (also known as "Punjabi-style pizza" or "Desi-style pizza") which has gradually gained popularity since originating in

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stew, are all either traditional Indigenous foods, or originate from Canada with roots in Indigenous cuisines, and are eaten throughout the country.

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argues that there is a distinctly Canadian creole cuisine, and identifies five key properties that together define Canadian cuisine: its reliance on

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and his Scottish retinue (people largely displaced by the Highland Clearances), as well as the purchase of forty-five million acres of land in the

11418: 10120:, and is a traditional practice for French-Canadians across the country. Meals tend to be particularly opulent, and may include lobster, oysters, 9699:

Coffee from Pronto Café in Vancouver. Canada is the 10th largest consumer of coffee in the world, consuming more coffee per capita than any other

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across the country, and produces 54.2 million liters. Canadian whisky is noted for its light and smooth style, and though most of it is blended,

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and the rest of North America, many dishes (or variations of imported dishes) are particular to, quintessential of, or available only in Canada.

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pastry dish commonly made in English Canada and served in an informal setting. Usually contains beef, potatoes, game, corn, peas, or carrots.

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and have a direct connection to the historical immigration patterns of each region or province. The earliest cuisines of Canada are based on

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cuisine. It is characterized for its use of bread, curry, and use of yogurt and cream for meat-based dishes; it also draws inspiration from

16059: 14861: 14791: 3458: 917:. Regional cuisines have continued to develop with subsequent waves of immigration during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, such as from 11958: 11932: 11753: 11468: 6641:

Medium-sized, firm, and dark caviar with a buttery and nutty flavour. Often served with a protein, bread, or dairy product, such as fish,

2060:. Cooperation with the local Métis saw Scottish immigrants hunting buffalo and incorporating game into their meals. The completion of the 19800: 16039: 14131: 10105: 8002:

Canada is currently the 12th largest producer of cheese by tonnage, and is considered to be one of the major cheese-producing countries.

3402: 1307:, though not physically originating from Canada, have nonetheless developed within a broader tradition of nationally recognized cuisine. 12904: 5483: 19926: 14152: 12305: 11913: 11098: 750: 15359: 11243: 3953:

similar to a cracker or biscuit; sometimes takes the form of a pancake. Prepared with oatmeal and either cooked on a griddle or baked.

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of Canada"; it accounts for nearly 50% of Canada's total crop yield and for two-fifths of the country's total field acreage. In 2016,

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are commonly consumed by the Indigenous peoples of the plains. In particular, the former was a predecessor for North American-style

15290: 14405: 11892: 9535:, which is more varied in its offerings and provides more than thirty-five food trucks per week over the course of its annual run. 8089:" in Canada, is distinct from its international counterparts due to the high protein content of Canadian wheat, as required by the 1232:

influence. As much of Canadian cuisine is coloured by the adaptation and development of dishes brought over by European, and later

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that have been developed domestically. Below is a selection of various livestock breeds and cultivars that originate from Canada.

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every couple odd miles along the major roads of Upper Canada, and there were reportedly twenty-nine alone along the route between

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during early settlement, although these meals began to include beef and mutton as farming became more established in the region.

10653:. The "speckled" pattern for which it is named is derived from a single progenitor bull with the colour-pointed markings of the 10204: 17137: 14445: 1043: 15755: 5714: 19880: 17857: 15948: 15928: 15791: 15695: 15247: 13561: 13313: 11196: 10437: 2552:

immigration. Also known as butter chicken roti, the dish is served at many Indian restaurants and fast food locations across

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flocked to Newfoundland to return with fish, filling a market need in Europe and cutting out the necessity of importing from

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In general, much of what is considered to be traditional Canadian cuisine contains strong elements of richness, breads and

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There are many foods of foreign origin that are eaten commonly and considered integrated constituents of Canadian cuisine.

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can be considered to have played a particularly important role in the origin of a distinct Canadian cuisine. Foods such as

14599: 7205:, a Canadian restaurant chain that specialized in baked goods, maintains the highest number of franchises in the country. 17549: 17150: 16548: 16178: 13204: 8382: 3751:

was the largest field vegetable crop by area. Saskatchewan also produces most of the country's spice yield, particularly

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and crops originating from other countries are grown and raised in Canada, there is also a variety of unique breeds and

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Due to an influx of grain from the Prairies into British Columbia during the late 19th century, via the advent of the

10483: 7542: 7482:—a lightly sweet, moist, and low-fat date (fruit) cake, topped with a brown sugar, butter and coconut broiled topping. 5433: 19600: 16487: 16144: 16069: 16064: 16049: 15918: 14754: 10518: 9813:, Vancouver, in response to requests from his clientele for a better "feed" at the start of a long, hard day of work. 9664: 6987:

Nova Scotian version of the Scottish stew, consisting of potatoes, beans, peas, and/or carrots, cooked in milk broth.

1062: 996: 74: 17: 10072:, which takes place during festivals, celebrations, and community events. This tradition has roots in the Prairies' 5495: 3446: 2567:

during the 1980s. Indian-style pizza has since expanded outside of Greater Vancouver, across other urban centres in

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usually takes place from anywhere between 17:00 to 19:00, and tend to be heartier affairs based around protein and

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As in other countries, Canadian meals are commonly segmented accordingly to their suitability for the time of day.

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developed by Chinese railway workers; comfort food consisting of layers of ground beef, corn, and mashed potatoes.

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may be eaten by dedicated hunters or indigenous people, but are not generally consumed by much of the population.

2353: 1029: 20166: 17580: 17289: 16937: 16159: 15968: 13838: 685: 14561: 13459: 13331: 12852: 11984: 11398: 11354: 11272: 10532:. As a result, many of Canada's unique apple varieties have been developed in the interior of British Columbia. 7441:—somewhat like a cross between a large cinnamon bun and a doughnut, topped with strawberry icing; particular to 6923:

A vegetarian borscht distinguished by its orange colour. Contains cream, mashed potatoes, dill, and often beets.

17949: 16511: 15897: 12253: 9936:. Staples of Chinese-Canadian cuisine, as well as North American Chinese cuisine broadly, such as ginger beef, 8574: 6982: 5541: 1000: 953:, or sharing an association with countries from which immigrants to Canada carried over their cuisine, such as 863: 743: 675: 17514: 9449:"Kobasa") is widely available and celebrated. The term "smokies" or "smokeys" may refer to Kubasa rather than 7830: 5409: 19775: 19760: 18326: 17479: 17474: 17416: 16585: 16388: 16139: 14927: 13222: 12691: 12637: 12171: 10467: 9948:

in Canada draws from the traditions of both Britain and France. These dinners are typically meant to serve a

9480: 9289:—a cream and spirit (usually rye whisky and dark rum) drink served and consumed at celebratory events of the 8963: 8253: 2373: 1913: 1544: 1011: 15325: 10056:(October) tend to share certain culinary customs with Christmas, albeit with different ingredients based on 7942: 3725:, ginger fried beef, and grilled steak. Canada ranks among the world's top 10 per capita consumers of beef. 3584:

are commercially fished in the Great Lakes and are popular in southern Ontario. Both wild-caught and farmed

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and French. This diversity has been further expanded by subsequent waves of immigration in later centuries.

182: 19780: 19666: 18212: 16661: 16636: 16568: 16029: 14653: 14052: 13908: 11738: 10876: 10514: 2024:, the development of communities throughout the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, which centred around 941:. There are many culinary practices and dishes that can be either identified as particular to Canada, such 882: 15826: 14635: 11914:"Gandhi Roti created what might be Toronto's signature dish. Now chef Avtar Singh is hanging up his apron" 11856: 10073: 7532:—fried balls of dough taken from the centre of a doughnut, provided in a variety of flavours and toppings. 5953: 5259:

food commonly found throughout Canada. Typically viewed in Canada as a utilitarian snack, and can include

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Although the majority of Canada's fish yield is captured wild, about 28% of the country's yield came from

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Wild game of all sorts is still hunted and eaten by many Canadians, though not commonly in urban centres.

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communities throughout the continent consume similar food items, with some emphasis on local ingredients.

19974: 19810: 19795: 19732: 19630: 19261: 17431: 17326: 17170: 17060: 16641: 16516: 16374: 15988: 13989: 12954: 11824: 11800:"These dishes from Chinese restaurants are uniquely Canadian. Is your favourite on the list? | CBC Radio" 10699: 10311: 10301: 10162: 8975: 7578: 3366: 1381: 15020: 14844: 14809: 14562:"Canada: If Canada were to identify one of the following as official national food, which should it be?" 13746: 13259: 13113: 12671: 9610:

poll that sampled from fifty-five Canadians given ten choices. The poll revealed the following results:

2657: 2285:. Emigration from Russia to Western Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries also established a 2213: 1589: 820:

have practiced their culinary traditions in what is now Canada for at least 15,000 years. The advent of

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in the country, with the most recognized wine-producing areas being southern Ontario (most notably the

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to Canada during the late 1800s played a significant culinary role within Canada, chiefly renowned for

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is a common centerpiece, but particular specialties also vary by region, such as traditional Prairie

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must age for a minimum of three years and be kept in oak barrels. Canada houses about thirty whisky

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have had a profound influence on the cuisines of British Columbia and Ontario. Distinct varieties of

2426:. This meal format developed from the practice of Chinese restaurateurs providing a steam table on a 2294: 1646: 1609: 1522:

Fish are eaten boiled, fried, and prior to today's settlements, often in dried forms. The so-called "

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which combined the culinary traditions of these previously separate groups. With the arrival of the

1503:. These fermented meats have the consistency and smell of certain soft aged cheeses. Snacks such as 20110: 19870: 19825: 19740: 19575: 19553: 19538: 19528: 19513: 19481: 19414: 19409: 19389: 18321: 17732: 17727: 17651: 17055: 16683: 16482: 16413: 16403: 16398: 16383: 13764: 12936: 11088: 10525: 10192: 9180: 8659: 8351: 7918: 7381: 6168: 3390: 2713: 2389: 2347: 2237: 2233: 2061: 1989:(1898). Traditions that developed out of the Victorian era in Canada include the Victorian cooking 1825:, saw the wider expansion of British cooking with indigenous ingredients in the future province of 1613: 1088: 632: 584: 344: 142: 13971: 13885: 13477: 13441: 10773:

There are over sixty potato varieties that originate from Canada. Many of these were developed by

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customarily refers to a small meal during a break from labour. This involves the consumption of a

7566: 7167: 5519: 4663:. Name comes from the Albertan abbreviation of the word "kubasa", which is the corrupted name for 4096: 2261:

provinces, which saw significant immigration from Eastern and Northern Europe in the pre-WWI era,

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on top. Most common in British Columbia, gaining its name sake from the Vancouver Island town of

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or "maple toffee" or "taffy". Often used as flavouring (such as in "maple leaf cream cookies", "

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stew made with a combination of boneless caribou cubes, onions, celery, red wine, tomato paste,

5373: 19805: 19656: 19543: 19456: 19087: 18269: 17989: 17837: 17767: 17757: 17710: 17673: 17668: 17606: 17376: 17312: 17190: 17050: 16994: 16982: 16972: 16877: 16847: 16698: 16668: 16656: 16617: 16553: 16494: 16450: 15981: 14827: 13070: 11304: 11133: 11118: 11010: 10430: 10328: 9532: 9403: 9119: 9107: 9086: 8931: 8726: 8497: 8424: 8386: 8189: 8173: 8133: 7638: 7058: 3830: 2701: 2431: 1881:. Meals often contained more meat than was typical in England and were particularly reliant on 962: 127: 17115: 14537: 14268: 12199:"Dining In: Where have you been all my life, French tacos, Indian pizza and Korean corn dogs?" 7790:, a combination of stewed blueberries and sweet dumplings common in the Maritimes, especially 5445: 5421: 5397: 3776:

Although there are considerable overlaps between Canadian culinary practices and those of the

2376:, beginning predominantly in the 1850s, saw to the local modification of dishes imported from 1036: 901:

of both French- and English-Canada have evolved from those carried over to North America from

19755: 19745: 19661: 19558: 19446: 19112: 19067: 18783: 18773: 18637: 18503: 18438: 18398: 18192: 17762: 17695: 17504: 17123: 16725: 16607: 16563: 16521: 16506: 16256: 15879: 15844: 12785:"These dishes from Chinese restaurants are uniquely Canadian. Is your favourite on the list?" 11078: 10979: 10695: 10358: 10052: 9930: 9290: 9125: 9056: 8676: 8568: 7763: 7752: 7349: 7292: 6731: 6065:

Variety of sushi containing avocado and crab. Invented in British Columbia, despite the name.

5215: 3546: 3255: 3223: 2684:, the pizza is topped with garlic and basil oil topping, combining an Italian pizza with the 2676:

Contributions from Southeast Asia to Canadian cuisine includes a style of medium-thick crust

2576: 2560: 2509: 2077: 1818: 1427: 1315: 833: 695: 690: 329: 256: 227: 197: 18860: 18264: 14981: 13867: 12542: 11493: 9753:, among others. Breakfast condiments are very common and can often include an assortment of 9262:, prepared with both ingredients poured into an ice-filled old-fashioned glass, then stirred 8239: 7602: 2242: 19943: 19938: 19921: 19840: 19683: 19610: 19491: 19486: 19471: 19419: 19157: 19047: 18721: 18716: 18508: 17984: 17852: 17646: 17509: 17494: 17421: 16830: 16813: 16803: 16745: 16740: 16467: 16437: 16230: 15342: 15041: 12094: 10828: 10767: 10270: 10240: 9539: 9207: 9150: 9103: 8999: 8913: 8822: 8601: 8104:"Coffee Crisp", introduced in 1938, was originally designed to be a Canadian variation of " 8082: 7769: 7708: 7479: 6915: 6206: 4427: 3912: 2600: 2588: 2537: 2490: 2323: 1930: 1796: 1686: 1626: 480: 422: 217: 207: 15809: 12368: 11774: 10028: 9944: 9826:

that, although it is the typical drink of choice (hence the name), may or may not include

7806: 7230:—also known as elephant ears, moose antlers, dog ears, whale tails, or simply fried dough. 4800:

Cooked, mashed, and dehydrated potatoes that are reconstituted by adding hot water or milk

3378: 2464:

street food in Vancouver is also a popular example of Canadian west coast fusion cuisine.

1370:

peoples, utilizes local resources and distinct preparation techniques for their cuisines.

462: 52: 8: 20140: 19189: 19092: 19082: 19057: 18940: 18900: 18870: 18840: 18835: 18657: 18647: 18242: 18165: 18041: 17909: 17899: 17842: 17705: 17489: 17351: 16917: 16835: 16791: 16730: 16543: 16423: 16280: 15238:

Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J. G.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip (2016).

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requires employers to provide 30-minute breaks for every five consecutive hours of work.

9238:, Alberta, by bartender Walter Chell, to mark the opening of a new restaurant, "Marco's". 9155: 9081: 9019: 8951: 8795: 8279:

Canadian coffee—a blend of coffee, rye whisky, and maple syrup, often with whipped cream.

8121: 7965:

Balderson "Royal Canadian Cheddar". Canadian cheddar is a particularly smooth and creamy

7796:

Cape Breton pork pie, a small meatless tart containing dates and topped with maple icing.

7590: 7258:; chocolate brownies topped with sauce made of wild B.C. blueberries and heated cinnamon. 7010: 6463:

Crusted meat pie containing mashed potatoes, cooked salmon, and various spices and herbs.

5779: 5041: 4756: 3230: 2473: 2367: 2135: 1898: 1412: 1213: 20116: 12146: 9365:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

9299:—beer mixed with grenadine, with maraschino cherries dropped into the glass as a garnish 7614: 7554: 5941: 5686:, and typically includes either bacon or ham; originates from Ontario, despite the name. 1509:, which consist of whale skin and blubber is eaten plain, though occasionally dipped in 874:

and geographically diverse nature of both historical and contemporary Canadian society.

19953: 19820: 19700: 19316: 19296: 19291: 19179: 19147: 19122: 19072: 19052: 19000: 18970: 18955: 18945: 18905: 18880: 18813: 18788: 18778: 18758: 18642: 18627: 18617: 18515: 18473: 18448: 18423: 18378: 18333: 18259: 18197: 18172: 17969: 17919: 17889: 17827: 17817: 17812: 17454: 17411: 17406: 17381: 17371: 16932: 16808: 16735: 16673: 16580: 16534: 16455: 16418: 16342: 15265: 13692: 12995: 12743: 11758: 11630: 11605: 11214: 11103: 10861: 10541: 9926: 9831: 9683: 9629: 9326: 9286: 9277:, prepared with a cocktail glass coated with the cinnamon tincture or cinnamon schnapps 9076: 8921: 8917: 8736: 8665: 8605: 8390: 8338: 7893: 7375: 7333: 7327: 6647: 5119: 4901: 4668: 3017: 2875: 2705: 2685: 2549: 2437: 2331: 2266: 2065: 2029: 1934: 1894: 1532: 890: 564: 497: 457: 387: 132: 45: 14317: 9382: 8014:

being the most produced varieties in 2020. Among Canadians, specialty cheese (such as

7472: 5965: 5459: 1162: 862:, as exemplified in the naming of specific ingredients based on their locale, such as 549: 407: 20032: 19906: 19770: 19671: 19635: 19605: 19354: 19286: 19276: 19271: 19224: 19219: 19209: 19172: 19102: 19015: 18935: 18925: 18865: 18845: 18820: 18803: 18696: 18667: 18585: 18580: 18570: 18545: 18493: 18478: 18428: 18363: 18358: 18343: 18227: 18130: 18125: 18093: 18088: 18056: 18036: 18031: 18021: 18016: 17959: 17939: 17914: 17879: 17822: 17700: 17663: 17599: 17464: 17336: 17205: 17029: 16999: 16947: 16907: 16897: 16869: 16842: 16678: 16624: 16599: 16318: 16308: 16012: 15944: 15924: 15701: 15691: 15633: 15253: 15243: 13934: 13186: 13034: 12580: 11635: 11331: 11202: 11192: 11093: 10816: 10728: 10662: 10654: 10454: 10246: 10117: 10089: 10064: 9500: 9446: 9334: 9195: 9023: 8959: 8741: 8634: 8589:

Tim Hortons non-coffee products, such as "timbit" cereal, tea, soup, and granola bars

8394: 8303: 7989: 7251: 7029: 6325: 5723: 5719: 5606: 5178: 4977: 4970: 3983: 3744: 3490: 2709: 2564: 2541: 2309: 2262: 2117: 2105: 2048:, many Scottish culinary traditions were brought to the region. These foods included 1942: 1846: 1712: 1225: 910: 886: 878: 821: 665: 502: 354: 284: 187: 137: 14335: 13167: 11256: 7818: 7668: 7626: 7420:

Nanaimo balls—a bite-sized variation of the British Columbian classic. Considered a

6957: 6893:, oil, salt, and pepper. Lengthy simmering is required to tenderize all ingredients. 20100: 20056: 20039: 19969: 19948: 19855: 19815: 19717: 19678: 19651: 19585: 19570: 19461: 19359: 19256: 19241: 19236: 19184: 19167: 19162: 19142: 19132: 19127: 18980: 18960: 18915: 18910: 18895: 18885: 18875: 18855: 18798: 18793: 18763: 18753: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18662: 18565: 18560: 18555: 18525: 18520: 18443: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18383: 18353: 18316: 18301: 18291: 18281: 18237: 18222: 18217: 18202: 18177: 18135: 18103: 18098: 18011: 17999: 17954: 17944: 17929: 17904: 17894: 17884: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17784: 17744: 17717: 17641: 17436: 17396: 17391: 17361: 17341: 17331: 17065: 16942: 16887: 16471: 16200: 16154: 12638:"Alberta has the most beef cattle in Canada and the second largest total farm area" 12254:"Brampton pizza: Why ordering 'Indian-style' might become a bigger thing in Canada" 11625: 11617: 11004: 10562: 10536: 10492: 10335: 10217: 10085: 10001: 9476: 9441:

In Western Canada, a version of the Ukrainian garlic-pork sausage, referred to as "

9407: 9231: 9137: 8848: 8831: 8716: 8584: 8549: 8543: 8486: 8321: 8212: 8180: 8145: 8125: 7330:—a square, yeast-lifted doughnut containing raisins and coated with a sugary glaze. 7155: 7065: 6719: 6525: 5894: 5743: 5045: 4938: 3640: 3309: 2677: 2620: 2553: 2381: 2258: 2101: 2081: 2045: 2021: 1760: 1704: 1666: 1642: 1445: 1229: 1217: 1209: 1147: 1111: 898: 894: 554: 314: 294: 249: 107: 11606:"Maintaining Traditions: Food and Identity among Early Immigrants to Upper Canada" 9526:

Various street food markets exist across the country. Metro Vancouver offers the "

7449: 6680: 2138:

immigration has a particular influence on the cuisine of Manitoba, which, besides

1395: 856:. Modern Canadian cuisine has maintained this dedication to local ingredients and 19860: 19850: 19830: 19722: 19595: 19565: 19384: 19364: 19311: 19266: 19251: 19246: 19194: 19152: 19117: 19077: 19042: 19005: 18995: 18990: 18985: 18890: 18850: 18830: 18808: 18748: 18733: 18728: 18674: 18632: 18622: 18612: 18607: 18592: 18498: 18468: 18388: 18348: 18286: 18274: 18249: 18207: 18160: 18145: 18113: 18108: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18051: 18026: 17979: 17964: 17924: 17874: 17636: 17401: 17386: 17255: 17103: 16922: 16859: 16825: 16629: 16354: 16332: 16327: 15938: 15651: 14792:"Canadian DYK: The concept of the Chinese buffet restaurant started in Vancouver" 13349: 12972: 12464: 11883: 11422: 11018: 10856: 10811: 10585: 10580: 10549: 10315: 10129: 9989: 9981: 9713:

takes place in the morning and typically consists of a variety of foods, such as

9695: 9496: 9316: 9248: 9051: 9041: 9015: 8946:

of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. Canada's first commercial

8909: 8640: 8562: 8414: 8003: 7862: 7787: 7781: 7511:

Sweet bannock—a piece of bannock sweetened with cinnamon and sugar, or made into

7265: 7111:, salted pork, and fresh herbs. Often served with johnnycake in Anglophone areas. 6850: 6558: 6201: 6055: 5614: 5552: 4755:, consisting of cabbage, onions, maple syrup, and seasonings. Variations include 4127: 3648: 3573: 3012: 2762: 2453: 2449: 2385: 2319: 2301: 2251: 2113: 2097: 2073: 2069: 2041: 1946: 1780: 1776: 1700: 1650: 1552: 1441: 1353: 942: 922: 914: 853: 849: 825: 647: 627: 522: 427: 397: 339: 324: 289: 212: 192: 56: 20120: 19620: 15668: 15307: 12923:

Cooking Through History: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Food with Menus and Recipes

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Jacobs, H. (2009). Structural Elements in Canadian Cuisine. Cuizine, 2(1), 0–0.

9266: 7367: 2544:

bread and curries as stuffing, local chefs originally drew inspiration from the

19979: 19916: 19885: 19845: 19615: 19518: 19466: 19451: 19374: 19369: 19306: 19204: 19137: 19107: 19097: 19030: 18975: 18965: 18920: 18825: 18768: 18738: 18711: 18706: 18701: 18575: 18540: 18530: 18483: 18433: 18393: 18373: 18368: 18311: 18296: 18254: 18232: 18155: 18118: 17792: 17752: 17722: 16977: 16927: 16349: 16337: 16303: 16109: 13562:"History of Agriculture: Evolution of Canadian Agriculture Since Confederation" 11621: 11036: 11031: 10667: 10646: 10642: 10572: 10172: 10142: 10081: 10069: 10040: 9903: 9774: 9492: 9456: 9450: 9387: 9310: 9283:—sold bottled as Sortilege, this drink combines Canadian whisky and maple syrup 8935: 8731: 8261: 8159: 8019: 8007: 7995: 7966: 7904: 7897: 7773: 7438: 7345: 7233: 7069: 6817: 6812:" seafood chowder. Contains a variety of Atlantic seafood ingredients, such as 6633: 6497: 6493: 6244: 6120: 5747: 5677: 5645: 5596: 4656: 4519:-style sausage and bun served with various Japanese-inspired toppings, such as 4380: 3581: 3561: 3553: 3518: 3282: 3130: 3100: 2681: 2624: 2572: 2568: 2548:

which had entered the city's food scene in the 1960s and 1970s after a wave of

2505: 2411:", although found in other parts of North America, traces its origins to early 2388:

to local tastes, local ingredients, and a largely non-Chinese clientele. This "

2313: 2270: 2093: 2089: 2085: 1842: 1772: 1732: 1556: 1419:

is an important food resource to the First Nations peoples, along with certain

1416: 1377: 1237: 1233: 1205: 1155: 1139: 954: 926: 918: 609: 447: 392: 334: 319: 170: 165: 17484: 15586: 14718:"30 minute breaks – Canada Labour Code, part III – Division I - 802-1-IPG-100" 13710: 11469:"'Grandaddy' of jerky: traditional Indigenous dry meat hits the global market" 9484: 9255:, maple syrup, and Canadian whisky; consumed during winter festivals in Quebec 20155: 20012: 19933: 19865: 19765: 19590: 19580: 19508: 19379: 19281: 19214: 19199: 19035: 19025: 19020: 18930: 18652: 18602: 18597: 18535: 18488: 18306: 18187: 18150: 18140: 18004: 17934: 17867: 17779: 17685: 17356: 17269: 17091: 16445: 16359: 16210: 15705: 15257: 13276: 13052: 11206: 11056: 11026: 10869: 10750: 10723: 10718: 10707: 10567: 10557: 10423: 10367: 10348: 9957: 9898: 9878: 9762: 9572: 9543: 9330: 9280: 9211: 9093: 9061: 8989: 8870: 8756: 8721: 8507: 8469: 8449: 8356: 8298: 8141: 8105: 7512: 7493: 7303: 6821: 6485: 6429: 6321: 6162: 6129: 5264: 5184: 4834: 4581: 4467: 4461: 4196: 4135: 4033: 3777: 3752: 3684: 3632: 3585: 3542: 3534: 3135: 2525: 2498: 2384:

or North American inventions, with Chinese restaurants having tailored their

2037: 1921: 1909: 1788: 1690: 1654: 1634: 1548: 1523: 1467: 1420: 1349: 1103: 946: 906: 871: 793: 714: 507: 222: 14945: 14110: 13368: 13149: 12761: 8612: 8377: 8100: 7220:, broken into pieces and then reformed into a single mass, then glazed with 2656: with: explanations, examples and additional citations. You can help by 2212: with: explanations, examples and additional citations. You can help by 1904: 1588: with: explanations, examples and additional citations. You can help by 20090: 20027: 19835: 19342: 19337: 19231: 19010: 18550: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18403: 16882: 16313: 16240: 14228:"Canada's first true sake winery is hidden on Vancouver's Granville Island" 13538: 12390: 11899: 11895: 11639: 11507: 11113: 10675: 10156: 10046: 9818: 9758: 9714: 9607: 9007: 8954:, was established in 1866. There are currently over eight-hundred licensed 8943: 8843: 8811: 8711: 8681: 8670: 8617: 8531: 8512: 8481: 8464: 8429: 8419: 8366: 8343: 8284: 8117: 8039: 8015: 7856: 7680: 7485: 7261: 7221: 7104: 7025: 6809: 6387: 5856: 5810: 5602: 5251: 5083: 5079: 4703: 4694: 4618: 4593: 4475: 4394: 3740: 3728: 3718: 3706: 3668: 3628: 3047: 3040: 2757: 2380:. Much of what are considered to be "Chinese dishes" in Canada are largely 2377: 2335: 2125: 1850: 1833:, but with a particular focus on dietary staples, such as meat, bread, and 1822: 1768: 1716: 1699:

had an important influence on the early European settlers and explorers of

1123: 670: 637: 579: 532: 472: 274: 232: 14245: 14007: 13674: 13240: 12870: 12562: 11108: 10112: 8079:

Brands (bakeries): Ben's, Bon Matin, Dempster's, POM, Stonemill, Villaggio

7098: 5325: 1161:

Indigenous food may be considered uniquely Canadian, and the influence of

1115: 1075: 680: 599: 20078: 19710: 19503: 18743: 17569: 17281: 16408: 16220: 13728: 12330: 12121:"Quadriplegic Kiran Dhaliwal mixes cultures up at her Calgary pizza shop" 11070: 10745: 10638: 10416: 10399: 10057: 10013: 9921: 9853: 9778: 9750: 9700: 9395: 9227: 9219: 9111: 9071: 9066: 8839: 8835: 8790: 8771: 8761: 8686: 8580: 8434: 8293: 8269: 8257: 8086: 7985: 7880: 7872: 7791: 7728: 7714: 7702: 7505: 7465: 7461: 7454: 7442: 7428: 7394: 7313: 7237: 7227: 7202: 7108: 6574: 6524:, maple, or sugar (candied salmon), and may also be dehydrated to create 6505: 6501: 6490: 6313: 6299: 6268: 6093: 5842: 5785: 5739: 4875: 4721: 4717: 4699: 4561: 4520: 4512: 4312: 4240: 3987: 3882: 3732: 3672: 3656: 3620: 3601: 3592: 3569: 3565: 3409: 3071: 2989: 2800: 2616: 2529: 2518: 2514: 2494: 2457: 2393: 2282: 2184: 2143: 1962: 1954: 1878: 1854: 1784: 1756: 1724: 1669:

also maintain strong British culinary traditions. The French settlers of

1373: 1328: 1284: 1182: 1151: 1107: 1095: 950: 845: 789: 785: 777: 726: 537: 492: 452: 437: 432: 412: 402: 372: 309: 244: 175: 14423:

Trillin, Calvin (November 23, 2009), "Canadian Journal, "Funny Food,"",

14191: 13131: 12834: 10633: 9434:

soup, Filipino offerings, and various Japanese and Chinese cuisines. In

9329:—a dry, rich, and mildly bitter cocktail consisting of Canadian whisky, 7209: 4471: 3619:

Forage in Canadian cooking can include a variety of berries, mushrooms,

3509:, is eaten across the country and is considered quite important to many 2644: 2200: 1993:, which saw continued use in homes and restaurants even after the metal 1576: 1288: 765: 517: 16044: 12905:"Shelf Life: Perogies, no matter how you spell them, taste like Canada" 11128: 11083: 10833: 10733: 10223: 10009: 9961: 9882: 9871: 9841: 9398:, each region has specialties which reflect local cultural influences. 9320: 9215: 9045: 8905: 8892: 8860: 8803: 8766: 8655: 8651: 8492: 8439: 8333: 8316: 8273: 8265: 8234: 8149: 8029: 8011: 7977: 7745: 7695: 7523: 7501: 7360: 7356: 7277: 7213: 7033: 7021: 7017: 6890: 6882: 6604: 6457: 6392:

Lobster meat mixed with mayonnaise and served in a toasted hot dog bun.

6358: 6133: 5860: 5848: 5299: 5174: 5147: 5009: 4714: 4660: 4569: 4390: 4355: 4318: 4192: 3878: 3868: 3748: 3722: 3714: 3698: 3676: 3664: 3652: 3107: 2796: 2290: 2148: 1974: 1966: 1708: 1670: 1405: 1221: 1003: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 958: 930: 829: 642: 569: 527: 467: 14556: 14554: 13012: 13010: 10762: 9793:-based material, while an English-Canadian meal might consist of more 9542:

runs "Market 707", "Adelaide Eats", and "Night It Up!". Market 707 on

9418:, East Asian-influenced offerings are much more widespread, including 8942:

Canada's wine industry is over two-hundred years old and includes the

7254:

dominoes with wild blueberry cinnamon sauce—British Columbia regional

4659:, referred to as "kubie", that is pressed and then served in a bun or 1802: 1799:, and Newfoundland and Labrador attractive destinations for settlers. 1358:

The traditional Indigenous cuisine of Canada is based on a mixture of

19911: 19332: 16713: 14263: 14261: 14259: 12803:"Here's What Was On The Menu At The Classic Zellers Diners In Canada" 12482: 11825:"Birth of the Bon Bon — Thunder Bay's One and Only Bon Bon Spare Rib" 10963: 10650: 10496: 10234: 10185: 10166: 10125: 9937: 9886: 9766: 9663:

Canada's most "iconic" foods were named in a survey conducted by the

9568: 9415: 9306: 9188: 9145: 9029: 8995: 8901: 8874: 8776: 8706: 8701: 8646: 8476: 8459: 8406: 8373: 8244: 8217: 8155: 8113: 8053: 7981: 7887: 7777: 7421: 7337: 7317: 7307: 6608: 6317: 6274: 6235: 6022: 5908:. Toppings are traditionally placed overtop of the cheese. Cooked on 5905: 5816: 5727: 5683: 4908: 4865: 4760: 4652: 4565: 4283: 4209: 4029: 3950: 3835: 3760: 3660: 3522: 3514: 2984: 2878: 2545: 2445: 2427: 2416: 2397: 2286: 2247: 2177: 2109: 2049: 2006: 1990: 1970: 1866: 1862: 1829:. These settlers established customs similar to their compatriots in 1638: 1537: 1510: 1453: 1449: 1359: 1296: 1268: 1201: 1143: 1131: 1127: 1091: 938: 934: 382: 304: 202: 14982:"10 Food Festivals In Canada For Those Who Love Food And Festivals!" 12921:

Eds. Melanie Byrd and John P. Dunn (2020). "Canada (1800-present)".

1460:-like drink. It is known for being a kidney tonic, which are called 978: 20002: 16967: 16205: 15920:

Culinary landmarks: a bibliography of Canadian cookbooks, 1825–1949

14551: 14468:"Is poutine Canada's national food? Two arguments for, two against" 14290: 13007: 12543:"Sausage special: A couple's quest for the perfect prairie sausage" 11804: 11374:"Poutine in a pie: Would you eat a 'tourtine' this holiday season?" 11175: 10686: 10529: 10392: 10250: 10227: 10121: 10100: 10034: 9973: 9969: 9730: 9718: 9634: 9579: 9515: 9468: 9399: 9274: 9270: 9259: 9252: 9130: 9099: 9034: 8955: 8947: 8927: 8878: 8855: 8817: 8751: 8629: 8537: 8454: 8163: 8137: 8129: 8023: 7961: 7737: 7388: 7255: 7245: 7217: 7073: 6362: 6355: 6210: 6137: 6028: 5909: 5332: 5260: 5221: 5003: 4752: 4589: 4585: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4350: 4246: 3976: 3877:

cake topped with maple syrup and butter. Consists of pastry flour,

3874: 3710: 3644: 3530: 3287: 3194: 3076: 2604: 2592: 2584: 2486: 2305: 2278: 2274: 2129: 1950: 1890: 1886: 1740: 1674: 1662: 1637:

account for the culinary influences of early English Canada in the

1622: 1457: 1401: 1324: 1304: 1257: 1178: 589: 512: 279: 14256: 14074: 13790: 13499: 10509: 10116:

is a long dinner held in the evenings preceding Christmas Day and

8596: 7409:

crumb base; custard icing in the middle; and a layer of chocolate

2033: 20007: 19705: 19625: 17622: 16261: 16225: 16195: 13823: 12581:"Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions" 12280:"Bradford's Popular Pizza is back with a new owner, new flavours" 12225:"Where to find the best Indian-style pizza in and around Toronto" 10994: 10978:"Red Fife" wheat is named after the colour of its kernel and the 10352: 10263: 10179: 9985: 9949: 9933: 9907: 9810: 9794: 9770: 9742: 9722: 9511: 9507: 9464: 9460: 9427: 9423: 9411: 9242: 9235: 9203: 9184: 9172: 8827: 8557: 8553: 8522: 8444: 8327: 7866: 7741: 7529: 7497: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7341: 7321: 7296: 7241: 6918: 6878: 6813: 6803: 6552: 6517: 6425: 6309: 6305: 6171: 6059: 5901: 5852: 5735: 5650:

Baked pizza dough with cheese, garlic, and sometimes meat on top.

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origin) are an example of this, due to the large number of early

1197: 1080: 867: 858: 837: 781: 574: 559: 349: 14636:"10 Must-Try Canadian Dishes (and the Best Places to Find Them)" 14092: 11875:

Three Readings of the Turban: Sikh Identity in Greater Vancouver

11445: 11444:. Bulletin. Vol. 856. Ohio State University. Archived from 10847: 10084:. Such events that take part in a pancake breakfast include the 9167: 8026:) is the most popular type, with cheddar being the second-most. 4564:; made with a combination of boiled and sliced moose nose meat ( 4470:

between sliced bread doused in gravy, popularized by the former

3747:

accounted for over half of the "fruit, berry and nut area", and

3572:, while salmon used on the East Coast can be broadly defined as 2358: 1957:

in Lower Canada, and Halifax in Nova Scotia, saw the opening of

1657:

cooking, with a preference for salt-cured fish, beef, and pork.

17145: 16235: 16004: 14894: 14287:"Calgary's Bloody Caesar hailed as nation's favourite cocktail" 12172:"Da Pizza "n" Curry Express leading Regina's fusion food scene" 10999: 10945: 10713: 10342: 10093: 10022: 10017: 9917: 9861: 9857: 9827: 9790: 9782: 9738: 9726: 9488: 9472: 9442: 9223: 9011: 8981: 8746: 8694: 8540:

Canada dairy brands, including Black Diamond and Cracker Barrel

8526: 8230: 8169: 8061: 7973: 7759: 7281: 7269: 6947: 6642: 6636: 6509: 6416: 5864: 5751: 5731: 4707: 4577: 4322: 4062: 3781: 3736: 3702: 3437: 3260: 3170: 2628: 2608: 2596: 2408: 2338:, smoked goldeye and "co-op style" rye bread and cream cheese. 2157: 2057: 2053: 1958: 1926: 1838: 1807: 1792: 1736: 1682: 1618: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1479: 1462: 1385: 1320: 1300: 1276: 1264: 1241: 1190: 902: 805: 604: 594: 442: 417: 14174:"5 Countries You Need to Visit If You Are A True Whisky Lover" 13295:"Bread and bakery products in Canada - statistics & facts" 12991:"Why Windsor-style pizza is your next regional food obsession" 11425: 9555: 9198:—originally called the Bloody Caesar, is a cocktail made from 8639:

Canadian tea—various tea varieties grown and developed in the

6952:

Consists of potatoes, onions, and a protein (such as chicken,

5040:

Dumplings introduced, and made ubiquitous, to the Prairies by

3705:. Examples of local recipes that utilize Alberta beef include 20017: 19439: 16266: 14441:

Canada's national dish: 740 calories -- and worth every bite?

12147:"All the restaurants participating in La Pizza Week Edmonton" 10005: 9997: 9977: 9849: 9845: 9823: 9746: 9734: 9419: 9199: 8074: 7876: 7519: 7489: 7398: 7285: 7273: 6953: 6886: 6570: 6562: 6521: 6513: 6421: 6123: 5610: 5087: 5048:

immigrants. Canadian variations often include cheddar cheese.

4933: 4764: 4386: 4199: 4023: 3918: 3680: 3636: 3624: 3613: 3597: 3494: 2903: 2441: 2014: 2010: 1994: 1870: 1752: 1744: 1367: 1280: 1272: 1253: 1245: 1186: 1174: 1170: 1119: 817: 544: 20073: 17564: 15237: 14358:"Ukrainian Baked Sauerkraut (Kapusta) with Sausage (Kobasa)" 13620: 13618: 13616: 11531:"Bannock tacos, fried baloney – this is aboriginal cuisine?" 11064: 10128:, and tourtière. A traditional dessert for this occasion is 9809:, at his Granville Hotel on Water Street in old pre-railway 9258:

Donald Sutherland—a combination of Canadian rye whiskey and

8184: 4767:, dessert or snack, or condiment for burgers and sandwiches. 721: 20051: 20022: 19695: 17591: 15685: 15240:

Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding

13525:"Canadian Maple Syrup Sugar Pie or Tarte au sirop d'érable" 11021: 10988: 9993: 9140: 8188:"Shreddies" breakfast cereal was first produced in 1939 in 7855:

Bakeapple pie—traditional pie from Newfoundland containing

7711:—pudding from Newfoundland containing molasses and raisins. 5336: 4710: 3694: 3557: 3160: 2787: 2482: 1882: 1559:. Due to similarities in treatment under colonialism, many 1249: 14617:"The Best Signature Canadian Dishes and Where to Try Them" 13406:"Helen McKinney's Canadian Prairie Homemade Cinnamon Buns" 11867: 11655:

Craig Heron, BOOZE (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2003), 28.

11236:"Let's eat Canadian, but is there really a national dish?" 11189:

Speaking in cod tongues : a Canadian culinary journey

9171:

The "Caesar" is a uniquely Canadian cocktail, invented in

8385:. "A&W Food Services of Canada", now headquartered in 7268:

around 1915. The main ingredients for the filling include

4572:

from the bulb of the nose), garlic, onions, salt, pepper,

3771: 2183:

Ontario's southwestern regions also have strong Dutch and

1981:, and tea. Cookbooks published during this period include 1431: 20044: 15973: 15628: 15626: 15624: 15622: 15620: 14921: 14919: 14917: 14915: 14913: 14911: 14909: 14147: 14145: 13808: 13613: 12853:"10 famous foods you didn't know were invented in Canada" 9965: 9786: 9754: 9431: 8920:

and 100% rye are some of the country's most desired. The

8405:

Employee at a Harvey's restaurant franchise garnishing a

8192:, where it is still produced with 100% whole grain wheat. 7848: 7432: 6566: 5726:, including sauce with mixed spices and toppings such as 5477:"Pierogi poutine", a fusion of Quebec and Prairie cuisine 3990:, sugar, eggs, milk, and butter; adapted from the German 3498: 2002: 1834: 1821:

in the 18th century, and the subsequent establishment of

1728: 1515: 1473: 1376:

was first collected and used by the Indigenous people of

15618: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15608: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15600: 12095:"Best Indian-style pizza in Surrey you need to try once" 8363:

was the first to invent the manufactured product in 1884

5513:

Roast beef, a traditional main dish adopted from England

1893:

was a common method of cooking for Upper Canadians, and

14494:"We like our symbols rooted in the past, and in Quebec" 12032: 12030: 12013:"Jagjit Sanghera's slice of success with Pizza Factory" 11426:

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

9241:

Canadian blueberry sour—a mix of rye whisky, blueberry

7731:—a sugar candy made by pouring hot maple sap onto snow. 15326:"Award of Garden Merit Plants - Fruits and Vegetables" 14976: 14974: 14972: 14970: 14968: 14966: 14964: 14906: 14399: 14397: 14395: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14142: 11985:"Indian-style pizzas heating up Winnipeg's food scene" 11578: 11576: 11574: 11572: 6136:, among other ingredients. Usually topped with shaved 4432:

Chicken (or turkey) sandwich doused in gravy and peas.

4208:, unsmoked back bacon made from trimmed lean boneless 2273:

are strong culinary influences. Such examples include

1965:

of Victorian patrons. These hotels, broadly, provided

1845:

were typically incorporated into the cooking of early

877:

Divisions within Canadian cuisine can be traced along

15597: 14126: 14124: 13493: 13491: 11273:"What are the common cooking methods used in Canada?" 9394:

While most major cities in Canada offer a variety of

8924:

is the only single-malt distillery in North America.

8172:: Templeman's Toffees, Two Brothers Toffee, Canadian 7518:

Tea biscuit—similar to the North American biscuit or

7316:(also called "Date crumblies" or "Matrimonial cake")— 6765: