Curriculum - Knowledge

884:(OCW). Primary and secondary education use key objectives to create curricula. For primary education the total number of objectives has been reduced from 122 in 1993 to 58 in 2006. Starting in 2009 and 2010 all key objectives are obligatory for primary education. The key objectives are oriented towards subject areas such as language, mathematics, orientation towards self and the world, art, and physical education. All of the objectives have accompanying concrete activities. Also final exams are determined by the OCW and required. Parts of those exams are taken in a national setting, created by the Centrale Examencommissie Vaststelling Opgaven (CEVO). Furthermore, the OCW will determine the number of hours to be spent per subject. Apart from these directives every school can determine its own curriculum. 351:) constitutes the "achieved" or "learned" curriculum. In addition, curriculum theory points to a "hidden" curriculum (i.e. the unintended development of personal values and beliefs of learners, teachers, and communities; the unexpected impact of a curriculum; or the unforeseen aspects of a learning process). Those who develop the intended curriculum should have all these different dimensions of the curriculum in view. While the "written" curriculum does not exhaust the meaning of curriculum, it is important because it represents the vision of the society. The "written" curriculum is usually expressed in comprehensive and user-friendly documents, such as curriculum frameworks or subject curricula/syllabi, and in relevant and helpful learning materials, such as 567:. Within these settings curriculum is an even broader topic, including various teachers, inanimate objects such as audio-tour devices, and even the learners themselves. As with the traditional idea of curriculum, curriculum in a free-choice learning-environment can consist of the explicit stated curriculum and the hidden curriculum; both of which contribute to the learner's experience and lessons from the experience. These elements are further compounded by the setting, cultural influences, and the state of mind of the learner. Museums and other similar settings are most commonly leveraged within traditional classroom settings as enhancements to the curriculum when educators develop curricula that encompass visits to museums, zoos, and aquariums. 595:

by schools for their pupils are quite clearly in the consciousness of teachers and planners, again especially when the planners are politicians, and are equally clearly accepted by them as part of what pupils should learn in school, even if they are not overtly recognized by the pupils themselves. In other words, those who design curricula deliberately plan the schools' "expressive culture". If this is the case, then, the curriculum is 'hidden' only to or from the pupils, and the values to be learned clearly from a part of what is planned for pupils. They must, therefore, be accepted as fully a part of the curriculum, and especially as an important focus because questions must be asked concerning the legitimacy of such practices.

275:. Community-based programs and activities may take place at a school after hours but are not linked directly to the school. Community-based programs frequently expand on the curriculum that was introduced in the classroom. For instance, students may be introduced to environmental conservation in the classroom. This knowledge is further developed through a community-based program. Participants then act on what they know with a conservation project. Community-based extracurricular activities may include "environmental clubs, 4-H, boy/girl scouts, and religious groups" (Hancock, Dyk, & Jones, 2012). 149:) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. A curriculum may incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. Curricula are split into several categories: the explicit, the implicit (including the hidden), the excluded, and the extracurricular. 1072:

experience. In general, more advanced courses in any subject require some foundation in basic courses, but some coursework requires study in other departments, as in the sequence of math classes required for a physics major, or the language requirements for students preparing in literature, music, or scientific research. A more detailed curriculum design must deal with prerequisites within a course for each topic taken up. This in turn leads to the problems of course organization and scheduling once the dependencies between topics are known.

1040:(CCSSI) promulgates a core set of standards which are specific information and skills a student needs to know at each grade level in order to graduate. States may adopt these standards in part or whole and expand upon them. Schools and states (depending on how much control a state gives to its local schools) then develop their curriculum to meet each of these standards. This coordination is intended to make it possible to use more of the same textbooks across states, and to move toward a more uniform minimum level of education attainment. 1089: 1053: 1225: 183: 806:(MEXT). When deciding on the curriculum for each school, the school's organizers will decide on the outline by referring to the manuals and explanations prepared by the Education, Science and Technology Ministry and other public offices, and the schools will decide on additional annual plans. The Courses of Education and Courses of Study are fully revised every 10 years. Before World War II, the curriculum was based on the school regulations corresponding to each school type. 2206: 5267: 4280: 4290: 3502: 502:(1859–1952), who disagreed with Bobbitt on important matters. Although Bobbitt's and Dewey's idealistic understanding of "curriculum" is different from current, restricted uses of the word, writers of curricula and researchers generally share it as common, substantive understanding of curriculum. Development does not mean just getting something out of the mind. It is a development of experience and into experience that is really wanted. 820: 620: 38: 5277: 5255: 1165:, argued that reducing the core curriculum had become both a financial and educational imperative, as the university was struggling to attract a commensurate volume of applicants to its undergraduate division compared to peer schools as a result of what was perceived by the pro-change camp as a reaction by "the average eighteen-year-old" to the expanse of the collegiate core. 540:

field is concerned with broad, historical, philosophical social issues and academics. Mark Smith suggests a starting definition of "curriculum" offered by John Kerr and taken up by Vic Kelly in his standard work on the curriculum: "All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school".

1247:, implemented after a student-led reform movement in 1969, which allows students to take courses without concern for any requirements except those in their chosen concentrations (majors), plus two writing courses. In this vein, it is possible for students to graduate without taking college-level science or math courses, or to take only science or math courses. 536:, discipline may include humanities, sciences, languages, and many more. Curricula should consist entirely of knowledge which comes from various disciplines. Dewey proposed that learning the lesson should be more interesting and beneficial than receiving a scolding, being ridiculed, or being required to stay after school, among other punishments. 587:

Curriculum as a process is when a teacher enters a particular schooling and situation with the ability to think critically, an understanding of their role and the expectations others have of them, and a proposal for action which sets out essential principles and features of the educational encounter.

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Caswell and Campbell viewed curricula as "all experiences children have under the guidance of teachers." This definition is shared by Smith, Stanley, and Shores when they defined curriculum as "a sequence of potential experiences set up in schools for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in

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In some cases, people see the curriculum entirely in terms of the subjects that are taught, and as set out within the set of textbooks, and forget the wider goals of competencies and personal development. This is why a curriculum framework is important. It sets the subjects within this wider context,

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An essential feature of curriculum design, seen in every college catalog and at every other level of schooling, is the identification of prerequisites for each course. These prerequisites can be satisfied by taking particular courses, and in some cases by examination, or by other means, such as work

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Many educational institutions are currently trying to balance two opposing forces. On the one hand, some believe students should have a common knowledge foundation, often in the form of a core curriculum whereas others want students to be able to pursue their own educational interests, often through

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Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later

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On the other hand, to a progressivist, a listing of school subjects, syllabi, courses of study, and lists of courses of specific discipline do not make a curriculum. These can only be called curriculum if the written materials are actualized by the learner. Broadly speaking, curriculum is defined as

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According to the CCSSI, "ecisions on how to implement the standards, including the right supports to put in place, are made at the state and local levels. As such, states and localities are taking different approaches to implementing the standards and providing their teachers with the supports they

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Any definition of curriculum, if it is to be practically effective and productive, must offer much more than a statement about knowledge-content or merely the subjects which schooling is to teach, transmit, or deliver. Some would argue of the course that the values implicit in the arrangements made

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Hidden curriculum: things which students learn, 'because of the way in which the work of the school is planned and organized but which are not in themselves overtly included in the planning or even in the consciousness of those responsible for the school arrangements (Kelly, 2009). The term itself

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is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at relevant Key Stages. Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected

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A curriculum may also refer to a defined and prescribed course of studies, which students must fulfill in order to pass a certain level of education. For example, an elementary school might discuss how its curricula is designed to improve national testing scores or help students learn fundamental

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and is not always meant to be a negative. Hidden curriculum, if its potential is realized, could benefit students and learners in all educational systems. Also, it does not just include the physical environment of the school, but the relationships formed or not formed between students and other

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also referred to its "course" of study as a "curriculum", producing the first known use of the term in English in 1633. By the nineteenth century, European universities routinely referred to their curriculum to describe both the complete course of study (as for a degree in surgery) and particular

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Thus, a curriculum can be viewed as a field of study. It is made up of its foundations (philosophical, historical, psychological, and social foundations), domains of knowledge, as well as its research theories and principles. Curricula as an area of study should be scholarly and theoretical. The

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they should be to succeed later in life. Furthermore, the curriculum encompasses the entire scope of formative deed and experience occurring in and out of school - such as experiences that are unplanned and undirected or those that are intentionally directed for the purposeful formation of adult

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may have a "curriculum" of what topics or exhibits it wishes to cover. Many after-school programs in the US have tried to apply the concept; this typically has more success when not rigidly clinging to the definition of curriculum as a product or as a body of knowledge to be transferred. Rather,

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or school system. However, even when core requirements exist, they do not necessarily involve a requirement for students to engage in one particular class or activity. For example, a school might mandate a music appreciation class, but students may opt out if they take a performing arts class.

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envisage as important teaching and learning constitutes the "intended" curriculum. Since it is usually presented in official documents, it may be also called the "written" or "official" curriculum. However, at a classroom level this intended curriculum may be altered through a range of complex

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Smith (1996, 2000) says that, " syllabus will not generally indicate the relative importance of its topics or the order in which they are to be studied. Where people still equate curriculum with a syllabus they are likely to limit their planning to a consideration of the content or the body of

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Scribal identity was explicitly connected to the curriculum and specifically Sumerian in a number of literary works . The scribal curriculum was all about learning Sumerian. Through copying lists of Sumerian lexemes and especially in the reproduction of Sumerian literature, the curriculum

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strategy. These outcomes and assessments are grouped as units (or modules), and, therefore, the curriculum comprises a collection of such units, each, in turn, comprising a specialized, specific part of the curriculum. So, a typical curriculum includes communications, numeracy, information

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It may also come in the form of extracurricular activities. This may include school-sponsored programs, which are intended to supplement the academic aspect of the school experience or community-based programs and activities. Examples of school-sponsored extracurricular programs include

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meaning "to run/to proceed"). The word is "from a Modern Latin transferred use of classical Latin curriculum "a running, course, career" (also "a fast chariot, racing car"), from currere "to run" (from PIE root *kers- "to run")." The first known use in an educational context is in the

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As core curricula began to diminish over the course of the twentieth century at many American schools, some smaller institutions became famous for embracing a core curriculum that covers nearly the student's entire undergraduate education, often utilizing classic texts of the

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is another school that has not and does not require any set distribution of courses. However, Wesleyan does make clear "General Education Expectations" such that if a student does not meet these expectations, he/she would not be eligible for academic honors upon graduation.

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Braslavsky states that curriculum is an agreement among communities, educational professionals, and the State on what learners should take on during specific periods of their lives. Furthermore, the curriculum defines "why, what, when, where, how, and with whom to learn."

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Contemporary views of curriculum reject these features of Bobbitt's postulates, but retain the basis of curriculum as the course of experience(s) that form humans into persons. Personal formation via curricula is studied both at the personal and group levels, i.e.

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of boys and girls. The general belief is that boys are better at physical activities than girls, and that girls are better at 'home' activities such as sewing and cooking. This is the case in many cultures around the world and is not specific to one culture only.

2101: 524:, believes that the mission of the school should be intellectual training. Hence, curriculum should focus on the fundamental intellectual disciplines of grammar, literature, and writing. It should also include mathematics, science, history, and foreign language. 733:

process that began in 2010. Previously, each state's Education Department had traditionally established curricula. The Australian Curriculum consists of one curriculum covering eight subject areas through year 10, and another covering fifteen subjects for the

985:, the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) was introduced in August 2010 in all schools. The national qualifications were introduced in 2013 by the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA). The national qualifications include the Life Skills Coursework (SFL), 332:. An individual teacher might also refer to his or her curriculum, meaning all the subjects that will be taught during a school year. The courses are arranged in a sequence to make learning a subject easier. In schools, a curriculum spans several grades. 401:

In the early years of the 20th century, the traditional concept held of the curriculum was "that it is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn". It was synonymous to the "course of study" and "syllabus".

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levels, by school boards, Departments of Education, or other administrative agencies charged with overseeing education. A core curriculum is a curriculum, or course of study, which is deemed central and usually made mandatory for all students of a

794:. The version currently in place is the 7th National Curriculum, which has been revised in 2007 and 2009. The curriculum provides a framework for a common set of subjects through 9th grade, and elective subjects in grades 10 through 12. 339:. They might also refer to it in exactly the same way as an elementary school and use it to mean both individual courses needed to pass as well as the overall offering of courses, which help prepare a student for life after high school. 5228: 588:

Guided by these, they encourage conversations between, and with, people in the situation out of which may come a course of thinking and action. Plus, the teacher continually evaluates the process and what they can see of outcomes.

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Some colleges opt for the middle ground of the continuum between specified and unspecified curricula by using a system of distribution requirements. In such a system, students are required to take courses in particular

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is the sole source of curriculum. In our education system, curriculum is divided into chunks of knowledge called subject areas in basic education including English, mathematics, science, and social studies. In

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in curricula is how men and women are not treated equally in several types of curricula. More precisely, gender inequality is visible in the curriculum of both schools and Teacher Education Institutes (TEIs).

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In 2005, the Nigerian government adopted a national Basic Education Curriculum for grades 1 through 9. The policy was an outgrowth of the Universal Basic Education program announced in 1999, to provide free,

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classroom interactions, and what is actually delivered can be considered the "implemented" curriculum. What learners really learn (i.e. what can be assessed and can be demonstrated as learning outcomes or

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Iran has recently changed back to 6 year instead of 5 Elementary schools and two three year junior and second middle/high schools. There is Islamic seminary Hawza are also with 10-14 year programming.

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student examines the university's main class schedule board on the first day of classes to find what classes he – and all students in his specialization (sub-major) – will attend this semester.

580:'s definition of experience and education. He believed that reflective thinking is a means that unifies curricular elements. Thought is not derived from action but tested by application. 1161:, and other major news outlets picked up this story, the university became the focal point of a national debate on education. A set of university administrators, notably then-President 897:, continuous public education for these years. In 2014, the government implemented a revised version of the national curriculum, reducing the number of subjects covered from 20 to 10. 4883: 3861: 1149:

announced plans to reduce and modify the content of its core curriculum, including lowering the number of required courses from 21 to 15 and offering a wider range of content. When

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Implicit curriculum: lessons that arise from the culture of the school and the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that characterize that culture, the unintended curriculum.

4995: 803: 512:, regarded curriculum as "permanent studies" where the rules of grammar, rhetoric, logic, and mathematics for basic education are emphasized. Basic education should emphasize 247:

Explicit curriculum: subjects that will be taught, the identified "mission" of the school, and the knowledge and skills that the school expects successful students to acquire.

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came to emphasise Greek as well as Latin skills, with emphasis on the study of classical poetry. This model influenced the curricula of medieval and Renaissance education.

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To learn the lesson is more interesting than to take a scolding, be held up to general ridicule, stay after school, receive degradingly low marks, or fail to be promoted.

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Kerr defines curriculum as "all the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside of school."

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Crucial to the curriculum is the definition of the course objectives that usually are expressed as learning outcomes and normally include the program's

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is promoted as allowing students to revisit a subject matter's content at the different levels of development of the subject matter being studied. The

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Hancock, D., Dyk, P. H., & Jones, K. (2012). Adolescent Involvement in Extracurricular Activities. Journal of Leadership Education, 11(1), 84–101.

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Marsh and Willis view curricula as all the "experiences in the classroom which are planned and enacted by teacher, and also learned by the students."

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Bilbao, Purita P., Lucido, Paz I., Iringan, Tomasa C., and Javier, Rodrigo B. (2008). Curriculum Development. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

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courses and their content. By 1824, the word was defined as "a course, especially a fixed course of study at a college, university, or school."

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Curricula may be tightly standardized or may include a high level of instructor or learner autonomy. Many countries have national curricula in

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Falk, J.H. & Dierking, L.D. (2000). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA; AltaMira Press.

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requires students to take a First-Year Tutorial in their first semester, and has no other class or distribution requirements. Others include

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Whatever the origins and intentions of early curricula, the function of inculcating culture had emerged by the time of ancient Babylonia.

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approach proposes that children learn best via pro-active engagement with the educational environment, as in learning through discovery.

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Renaissance curricula were far more influenced by Quintilian's pedagogical program than by Cicero's goals for the training of an orator.

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requires that students take one of a list of first-year seminars, but has no required classes or distribution requirements. Similarly,

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In recent years the field of education and curriculum has expanded outside the walls of the classroom and into other settings, such as

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early specialty in a major or through the free choice of courses. This tension has received a large amount of coverage due to

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The curriculum in Japan is determined based on the guidelines for education and the guidelines for learning presented by the

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Kim, M., & Dopico, E. (2014). Science education through informal education. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 1–7.

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Among the best known and most expansive core curricula programs at leading American colleges and universities are those of

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via historical experience). The formation of a group is reciprocal, with the formation of its individual participants.

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Curriculum is almost always defined with relation to schooling. According to some, it is the major division between

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Crisostomo, Jay (14 January 2019). "Multilingual Writing Practices and Translation in Advanced Lexical Education".

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which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard.

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Core curriculum has typically been highly emphasized in Soviet and Russian universities and technical institutes.

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arena. Per his cultural presumptions and social definitions, his curricular formulation has two notable features:

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On the other hand, a high school might refer to their curricula as the courses required in order to receive one's

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of what qualities are desirable in adult members of society, and which experiences would generate said qualities

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and shows how learning experiences within the subjects need to contribute to the attainment of the wider goals.

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informal education and free-choice learning settings are more suited to the model of curriculum as practice or

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There is no generally agreed upon definition of curriculum. There various definitions that describe the term.

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Understanding Curriculum: An Introduction to the Study of Historical and Contemporary Curriculum Discourses

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standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious.

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Dewey, J. (1902). The Child and the Curriculum (pp. 1–31). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

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A curriculum may be partly or entirely determined by an external, authoritative body (e.g., the

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experts would best be qualified to and justified in designing curricula based upon their expert

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Excluded curriculum: topics or perspectives that are specifically excluded from the curriculum.

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Handbook of Research on Curriculum: A Project of the American Educational Research Association

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Through the readings of Smith, Dewey, and Kelly, four types of curricula could be defined as:

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Kelly, A. V. (2009). The curriculum: Theory and practice (pp. 1–55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

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Translation as Scholarship: Language, Writing, and Bilingual Education in Ancient Babylonia

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word which means "a race" or "the course of a race" (which in turn derives from the verb

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A 52-week curriculum for a medical school, showing the courses for the different levels

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Bilbao, Purita P., Lucido, Paz I., Iringan, Tomasa C., and Javier, Rodrigo B. (2008).

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Other institutions have largely done away with core requirements in their entirety.

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Under some definitions, curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general

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administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the

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technology, and social skills units, with specific, specialized teaching of each.

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and college education should be grounded on liberal education. On the other hand,

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has the primary mission of studying curricula and their implementation worldwide.

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have a significant degree of autonomy in deviating from the National Curriculum.

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the total learning experiences of the individual. This definition is anchored on

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Pinar, William F., William M. Reynolds, Patrick Slattery, and Peter M. Taubman.

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Step 7: Determination of what to evaluate and of the ways and means of doing it.

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Jackson, Philip W. "Conceptions of Curriculum and Curriculum Specialists." In

1863:. Cornell paperbacks. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 16. 956:, which may set their own curricula, but it ensures that state schools of all 5295: 4283: 3380: 2982: 2919: 2784: 2657: 2386:"Examples in Action: Our List of Open Curriculum Colleges & Universities" 2340: 1594: 1264: 1170: 1157: 1100: 1014: 517: 3193: 3278: 3208: 3070: 2007: 1112: 787: 521: 513: 498:, curriculum as a course of formative experience also pervades the work of 208: 3203: 2205: 766:

Curriculum for select parts of their curriculum. The territories also use

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Hence, he defined the curriculum as an ideal, rather than as the concrete

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Diane Ravitch, National Standards in American Education A Citizen's Guide

2027: 1397: 1356: 1174: 1120: 1910:, edited by Philip W. Jackson, 3–40. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992. 1734: 1933: 1730: 1108: 1018: 994: 990: 644: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 577: 499: 495: 454: 26:"Core Curriculum" redirects here. For the specific curriculum used at 3271: 2834: 2577: 2502: 2448:

A Guide for Gender Equality in Teacher Education Policy and Practices

722: 458: 216: 46: 2231: 2030:. Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority. 16 October 2015. 1119:

mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a

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There are four ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice:

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of the deeds and experiences that form who and what people become.

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According to Smith, a curriculum can be ordered into a procedure:

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records in 1582. The word's origins appear closely linked to the

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published posthumously in 1576. The term subsequently appears in

1351: 1216:, but are free to choose specific courses within those fields. 747: 709: 439: 167: 2209:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under an

804:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

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has the authority to create its own curriculum. However, the

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Rhetoric Reclaimed: Aristotle and the Liberal Arts Tradition

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emphasizes self-directed learning rather than a curriculum.

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A curriculum can be seen from different perspectives. What

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students discussing texts in the school's core curriculum

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need to help students successfully reach the standards."

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life. For each of the statutory curriculum subjects, the

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The Dutch system is based on directives coming from the

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curriculum as an attempt to help students achieve a goal

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curriculum defined as the deeds-experiences the student

409:, the first textbook published on the subject, in 1918, 2541: 438:

members of society - not only experiences occurring in

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students or even students and teachers (Jackson, 1986).

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as a nationwide curriculum for primary and secondary

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colleges in the United States follow this approach:

1138:. Both can take up to two years to complete without 138: 123: 83: 68: 2515:

OnCourse Systems for Education - Curriculum Builder

2302:"Harvard approves new general education curriculum" 2064:"Education Curriculum in Iran | K12 Academics" 1702:"What is curriculum? Exploring theory and practice" 547:

curriculum as a body of knowledge to be transmitted

120: 89: 65: 1942:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 29 1845:inculcated the student scribe in Sumerian culture. 1664: 1545: 1499: 1452: 609: 388:Action is response; it is adaptation, adjustment. 230: 2276:"Harvard Gazette: Discussing the Core Curriculum" 2189: 1743: 1277: 5293: 2519: 2329:"U. of Chicago President to Return to Teaching" 2081:"National Curriculum of Korea Source Inventory" 1404:Curricula in early childhood care and education 235: 5125: 4680: 1173:to teach all subjects including science. Five 2562: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 308:Step 6: Organization of learning experiences. 5230:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2503:World Council for Curriculum and Instruction 2232:National Education Standards...They're Back! 2149:"Nigeria revises basic education curriculum" 1206: 1068:'s reorganization of its core requirements. 924:National Curriculum for Wales (2008 to 2026) 699:Core curricula are often instituted, at the 487:and societies (e.g. professional formation, 219:desire to bring greater order to education. 2542:National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2416:"General Education Expectations, Registrar" 2353: 1031:National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 848:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 494:Although it formally appeared in Bobbitt's 186:First published use of "curriculum" in 1576 2569: 2555: 1967:Vol. 45, No. 4 (Summer, 2004), pp. 343–358 1818: 1712: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1563: 1497: 1057:Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 882:Ministry of Education, Culture and Science 305:Step 5: Selection of learning experiences. 2075: 2073: 2002: 2000: 1231:celebrated the 50th anniversary of their 868:Learn how and when to remove this message 660:Learn how and when to remove this message 355:, teacher guides, and assessment guides. 4932: 2537:UNESCO International Bureau of Education 2183: 2146: 2083:. National Curriculum Information Center 2028:"Senior secondary Australian Curriculum" 1658: 1646: 1619: 1498:Adams, Kathy L.; Adams, Dale E. (2003). 1223: 1087: 1051: 786:The National Curriculum of Korea covers 729:took effect nationwide in 2014, after a 382: 181: 36: 4307: 3535: 3524: 2359: 2326: 1784: 1676: 1420:. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. 286:knowledge that they wish to transmit." 5294: 2523:"Education, Courses of Study in" 2444: 2263:Common Core Frequently Asked Questions 2070: 1997: 1856: 1589: 1587: 1554:Braslavsky, C. (2003). The curriculum. 1202:Association for Core Texts and Courses 1038:Common Core State Standards Initiative 570: 5124: 4931: 4679: 4306: 3927: 3926: 3534: 3523: 3225: 2588: 2550: 1932: 1772: 1729: 1699: 1670: 1574: 1572: 1502:Urban Education: A Reference Handbook 1470: 1458: 1423: 1033:(NCTM) for mathematical instruction. 1027:United States Department of Education 315: 2278:. Harvard University. Archived from 1491: 913: 846:adding citations to reliable sources 813: 642:adding citations to reliable sources 613: 584:group ways of thinking and acting." 5276: 1584: 1427:The Curriculum: theory and practice 1047: 98: 13: 2190:National Archives (1 April 2018). 2040: 1569: 1219: 1082:Core Curriculum (Columbia College) 1075: 809: 296:Step 2: Formulation of objectives. 32:Core Curriculum (Columbia College) 14: 5318: 2472: 2454:. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 9, 59. 1897:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918. 908: 190:The word "curriculum" began as a 172:International Bureau of Education 5275: 5266: 5265: 5253: 4794:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4288: 4279: 4278: 3836:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3606:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3500: 2204: 1008: 970:Secretary of State for Education 818: 682:International Primary Curriculum 618: 445:To Bobbitt, the curriculum is a 302:Step 4: Organization of content. 222:By the seventeenth century, the 110: 55: 2438: 2408: 2378: 2320: 2294: 2268: 2256: 2237: 2225: 2216: 2165: 2140: 2115: 2094: 2056: 2034: 2020: 1988: 1979: 1970: 1957: 1926: 1913: 1900: 1887: 1850: 1812: 1803: 1778: 1613: 920:National Curriculum for England 674:National Curriculum for England 629:needs additional citations for 610:Primary and secondary education 231:Definitions and interpretations 160:, such as the United Kingdom's 4951:Federated States of Micronesia 4246:British Indian Ocean Territory 2327:Bronner, Ethan (5 June 1999). 2147:Mohammed, Amina (2014-08-14). 1536: 1474:Leading Curriculum Development 1464: 1410: 1284:Gender inequality in curricula 1278:Gender inequality in curricula 781: 508:(1899–1977), president of the 468:to become the adult he or she 1: 2576: 1923:. New York: Peter Lang, 1995. 1623:Towards a Theory of Schooling 1601:. Online Etymology Dictionary 1445: 299:Step 3: Selection of content. 4919:United States Virgin Islands 2589: 2360:Johnson, Dirk (2007-11-04). 2211:Open Government Licence v3.0 1939:The child and the curriculum 1736:The child and the curriculum 1382:Structure of the disciplines 1127:core curriculum prescribes. 768:Alberta's standardized tests 716: 527:According to Joseph Schwab, 413:said that curriculum, as an 236:Professional interpretations 177: 7: 4681:Education in North America 2192:"Education Act 2002 Part 6" 1477:. Corwin Press. p. 2. 1304: 976: 958:local education authorities 293:Step 1: Diagnosis of needs. 10: 5323: 5126:Education in South America 3226: 1857:Atwill, Janet M. (2009) . 1281: 1199: 1079: 960:have a common curriculum. 917: 887: 790:, primary, secondary, and 25: 18: 5247: 5204: 5131: 5042: 5019: 4938: 4894:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4812: 4686: 4659: 4611: 4573: 4315: 4274: 4233: 4193: 3935: 3849: 3824: 3543: 3530: 3519: 3495: 3449: 3415: 3374: 3356: 3317: 3299: 3265: 3241:Early childhood education 3234: 3221: 3171: 3001: 2948: 2770: 2623: 2595: 2584: 2493:Resources in your library 2362:"Small Campus, Big Books" 2222:Curriculum for Excellence 1626:. Routledge. p. 55. 1579:Oxford English Dictionary 1207:Distribution requirements 950:Education Reform Act 1988 900: 741: 5097:Northern Mariana Islands 4914:Turks and Caicos Islands 3995:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3591:Central African Republic 2520:George M. Wiley (1920). 2349:– via NYTimes.com. 1965:Studies in Art Education 1893:Bobbitt, John Franklin. 1785:Jackson, Philip (1986). 1620:Hamilton, David (2014). 1342:Extracurricular activity 797: 442:. (cf. image at right.) 19:Not to be confused with 5062:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4256:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2123:"NCEE - Japan Overview" 2008:"Australian Curriculum" 1257:Evergreen State College 952:. It does not apply to 773: 762:both choose to use the 553:curriculum as a process 396:Ancient Roman curricula 4844:British Virgin Islands 4358:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2529:Encyclopedia Americana 1564:Adams & Adams 2003 1418:Curriculum Development 1377:Residential curriculum 1367:Open source curriculum 1236: 1096: 1060: 1021:, with the individual 948:schools following the 752:province and territory 731:curriculum development 392: 271:, academic clubs, and 187: 42: 5045:and other territories 4784:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3751:São Tomé and Príncipe 3611:Republic of the Congo 2173:"National curriculum" 1506:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1227: 1147:University of Chicago 1136:University of Chicago 1091: 1055: 756:Northwest Territories 727:Australian Curriculum 686:International Schools 510:University of Chicago 411:John Franklin Bobbitt 386: 383:Historical conception 224:University of Glasgow 185: 40: 4933:Education in Oceania 4309:Education in Europe 4170:United Arab Emirates 3537:Education in Africa 2760:Instructional design 2213:. © Crown copyright. 1700:Smith, Mark (2000). 1424:Kelly, A.V. (2009). 1163:Hugo F. Sonnenschein 932:was introduced into 842:improve this section 638:improve this article 213:University of Leiden 4799:Trinidad and Tobago 4694:Antigua and Barbuda 4574:States with limited 4197:limited recognition 3826:States with limited 3525:Education by region 3251:Secondary education 3163:Teaching philosophy 3066:Pedagogical pattern 3009:21st century skills 2988:Religious education 2631:Aims and objectives 2420:Wesleyan University 2390:Open Jar Foundation 1581:, "Curriculum," 152 1471:Wiles, Jon (2008). 1389:have no curriculum. 1332:Educational program 1271:Wesleyan University 1132:Columbia University 930:National Curriculum 571:Progressivist views 489:academic discipline 205:University of Paris 162:National Curriculum 158:secondary education 28:Columbia University 5260:Schools portal 4734:Dominican Republic 3929:Education in Asia 3256:Tertiary education 3194:Learning resources 2685:Education sciences 2508:2010-12-28 at the 2366:The New York Times 2333:The New York Times 2249:2008-08-28 at the 2179:. 2 December 2014. 2066:. 6 February 2017. 1787:Life in Classrooms 1599:www.etymonline.com 1327:Curriculum studies 1322:CSCOPE (education) 1294:Physical education 1237: 1214:fields of learning 1152:The New York Times 1103:level, individual 1097: 1066:Harvard University 1061: 770:in some subjects. 506:Robert M. Hutchins 447:social-engineering 390:— John Dewey 368:informal education 316:Types of curricula 188: 43: 5289: 5288: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5211:other territories 5120: 5119: 5112:Wallis and Futuna 5020:Associated states 4927: 4926: 4816:other territories 4675: 4674: 4302: 4301: 4239:other territories 3922: 3921: 3853:other territories 3626:Equatorial Guinea 3515: 3514: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3246:Primary education 3217: 3216: 3106:Dialogic learning 3076:Teacher retention 3029:Critical thinking 3024:Class arrangement 2993:Special education 2668:Standardized test 2651:Course evaluation 2479:Library resources 2461:978-92-3-100069-0 1566:, pp. 33–34. 1362:Lifelong learning 1347:Hidden curriculum 1317:Body of knowledge 1312:Academic advising 1289:Gender inequality 1245:"Open Curriculum" 1191:Gutenberg College 1140:advanced standing 1125:elementary school 914:England and Wales 878: 877: 870: 792:special education 670: 669: 662: 600:spiral curriculum 256:Philip W. Jackson 254:is attributed to 5314: 5279: 5278: 5269: 5268: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5231: 5219:Falkland Islands 5133:Sovereign states 5122: 5121: 5102:Pitcairn Islands 5072:French Polynesia 5057:Christmas Island 4986:Papua New Guinea 4966:Marshall Islands 4939:Sovereign states 4929: 4928: 4884:Saint Barthélemy 4814:Dependencies and 4687:Sovereign states 4677: 4676: 4612:Dependencies and 4316:Sovereign states 4304: 4303: 4292: 4282: 4281: 4251:Christmas Island 3937:Sovereign states 3924: 3923: 3914: 3913:(United Kingdom) 3909:Tristan da Cunha 3905:Ascension Island 3897: 3884: 3875: 3851:Dependencies and 3544:Sovereign states 3532: 3531: 3521: 3520: 3504: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3422:Higher education 3418: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3363:Secondary school 3359: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3237: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3151:Student-centered 3136:Phenomenon-based 3126:Peer instruction 3091:Blended learning 3014:Bloom's taxonomy 2978:Gifted education 2973:Education reform 2805:Computer science 2586: 2585: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2533: 2525: 2466: 2465: 2453: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2422:. Archived from 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2396:on 4 August 2012 2392:. Archived from 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2306:The Boston Globe 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2194:. 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3003: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2690:Evidence-based 2687: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2638: 2633: 2627: 2625: 2624:By perspective 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2582: 2581: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2517: 2512: 2496: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2473:External links 2471: 2468: 2467: 2460: 2437: 2407: 2377: 2352: 2319: 2293: 2282:on 3 July 2013 2267: 2255: 2236: 2224: 2215: 2182: 2164: 2139: 2114: 2093: 2069: 2055: 2033: 2019: 1996: 1987: 1978: 1969: 1956: 1925: 1912: 1899: 1895:The Curriculum 1886: 1869: 1849: 1831: 1811: 1802: 1795: 1777: 1742: 1711: 1675: 1663: 1651: 1639: 1632: 1612: 1583: 1568: 1556: 1544: 1535: 1523: 1516: 1490: 1483: 1463: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1436: 1421: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1282:Main article: 1279: 1276: 1221: 1218: 1208: 1205: 1187:Thomas Aquinas 1093:Shimer College 1077: 1074: 1049: 1046: 1010: 1007: 978: 975: 915: 912: 910: 909:United Kingdom 907: 902: 899: 889: 886: 876: 875: 826: 824: 817: 811: 808: 799: 796: 783: 780: 775: 772: 743: 740: 718: 715: 668: 667: 626: 624: 617: 611: 608: 604:constructivist 572: 569: 561: 560: 556:curriculum as 554: 551: 548: 473: 472: 462: 407:The Curriculum 384: 381: 372:science museum 317: 314: 313: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 294: 264: 263: 260: 251: 248: 237: 234: 232: 229: 179: 176: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5319: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5282: 5274: 5272: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5232: 5227: 5225: 5224:French Guiana 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5208: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5087:New Caledonia 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5067:Easter Island 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4804:United States 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3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3666:Guinea-Bissau 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3518: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456:Undergraduate 3454: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3381:Middle school 3379: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3333: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3285: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3146:Project-based 3144: 3142: 3141:Problem-based 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3101:Demonstration 3099: 3097: 3096:Contemplative 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2983:Homeschooling 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2830:Environmental 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2755:Instructional 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2658:Psychometrics 2656: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2441: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2308:. 15 May 2007 2307: 2303: 2297: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2219: 2212: 2207: 2193: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2154: 2153:Premium Times 2150: 2143: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2103: 2097: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2065: 2059: 2044: 2037: 2029: 2023: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1991: 1982: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1953: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1929: 1922: 1916: 1909: 1903: 1896: 1890: 1883: 1872: 1870:9780801476051 1866: 1862: 1861: 1853: 1846: 1834: 1832:9781501509759 1828: 1824: 1823: 1815: 1806: 1798: 1796:0-8077-3034-3 1792: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1672: 1667: 1661:, p. 47. 1660: 1659:Hamilton 2014 1655: 1648: 1647:Hamilton 2014 1643: 1635: 1633:9780415857086 1629: 1625: 1624: 1616: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1565: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1539: 1530: 1528: 1519: 1517:9781576073629 1513: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1494: 1486: 1484:9781412961417 1480: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1461:, p. 13. 1460: 1455: 1451: 1439: 1437:9781847872746 1433: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265:Smith College 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1217: 1215: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:western canon 1166: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1158:The Economist 1154: 1153: 1148: 1145:In 1999, the 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101:undergraduate 1094: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1073: 1069: 1067: 1058: 1054: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1009:United States 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 974: 971: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 925: 921: 906: 898: 896: 885: 883: 872: 869: 861: 851: 847: 843: 837: 836: 832: 827:This section 825: 821: 816: 815: 807: 805: 795: 793: 789: 779: 771: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 739: 737: 732: 728: 724: 714: 711: 706: 702: 697: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 664: 661: 653: 643: 639: 633: 632: 627:This section 625: 621: 616: 615: 607: 605: 601: 598:Currently, a 596: 592: 589: 585: 581: 579: 568: 566: 559: 555: 552: 549: 546: 545: 544: 541: 537: 535: 530: 525: 523: 519: 518:Arthur Bestor 515: 511: 507: 503: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 480: 478: 471: 467: 466:ought to have 463: 460: 456: 452: 451: 450: 448: 443: 441: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 403: 399: 397: 391: 380: 378: 373: 369: 365: 360: 356: 354: 350: 345: 340: 338: 333: 331: 325: 323: 310: 307: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 291: 290: 287: 283: 279: 276: 274: 270: 261: 257: 252: 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 228: 225: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 184: 175: 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 155: 150: 146: 108: 104: 94: 52: 48: 39: 33: 29: 22: 5251: 5207:Dependencies 5043:Dependencies 5029:Cook Islands 4909:Sint Maarten 4889:Saint Martin 4603:Transnistria 4235:Dependencies 4165:Turkmenistan 4130:Saudi Arabia 3901:Saint Helena 3872: 3776:South Africa 3766:Sierra Leone 3571:Burkina Faso 3463:Postgraduate 3279:Kindergarten 3131:Personalized 3111:Experiential 3071:Teacher look 3033: 2780:Agricultural 2636:Anthropology 2527: 2483: 2447: 2440: 2428:. 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Retrieved 1598: 1595:"Curriculum" 1578: 1559: 1538: 1501: 1493: 1473: 1466: 1454: 1426: 1417: 1298:stereotyping 1287: 1269: 1238: 1210: 1167: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1129: 1113:liberal arts 1098: 1085: 1070: 1062: 1042: 1035: 1029:such as the 1012: 980: 966: 927: 904: 891: 879: 864: 858:October 2020 855: 840:Please help 828: 801: 788:kindergarten 785: 777: 745: 720: 698: 690: 671: 656: 647: 636:Please help 631:verification 628: 597: 593: 590: 586: 582: 574: 562: 542: 538: 526: 522:essentialist 514:the three Rs 504: 493: 481: 474: 469: 465: 444: 426: 406: 404: 400: 393: 387: 361: 357: 349:competencies 341: 334: 326: 319: 288: 284: 280: 277: 265: 242: 239: 221: 209:Petrus Ramus 203:, a work by 200: 195: 189: 166: 151: 106: 102: 50: 44: 5281:WikiProject 4976:New Zealand 4879:Puerto Rico 4789:Saint Lucia 4739:El Salvador 4641:Isle of Man 4576:recognition 4550:Switzerland 4485:Netherlands 4294:Asia portal 4195:States with 4115:Philippines 4055:South Korea 4050:North Korea 3945:Afghanistan 3828:recognition 3781:South Sudan 3671:Ivory Coast 3387:High school 3184:Definitions 3061:Lesson plan 2950:Alternative 2855:Mathematics 2825:Engineering 1934:Dewey, John 1731:Dewey, John 1605:29 November 1411:Works cited 1398:Unschooling 1357:Lesson plan 1243:offers the 1195:Thomas More 1175:Great Books 1121:high school 782:South Korea 433:become the 427:race-course 103:curriculums 5296:Categories 4874:Montserrat 4869:Martinique 4864:Guadeloupe 4719:Costa Rica 4520:San Marino 4480:Montenegro 4460:Luxembourg 4440:Kazakhstan 4343:Azerbaijan 4175:Uzbekistan 4150:Tajikistan 4065:Kyrgyzstan 4045:Kazakhstan 3965:Bangladesh 3955:Azerbaijan 3883:(Portugal) 3841:Somaliland 3761:Seychelles 3726:Mozambique 3711:Mauritania 3696:Madagascar 3651:The Gambia 3586:Cape Verde 3439:Continuing 3429:Vocational 3034:Curriculum 2968:Democratic 2940:Vocational 2930:Technology 2890:Philosophy 2772:By subject 2750:Technology 2730:Psychology 2715:Philosophy 2705:Leadership 2646:Evaluation 2641:Assessment 2484:Curriculum 2430:7 February 2400:7 February 2371:2010-05-22 2346:2021-05-15 2312:9 February 2286:9 February 2198:14 October 2158:2015-01-12 2108:2015-01-12 2087:2015-01-12 2013:2015-01-12 1773:Kelly 2009 1671:Wiles 2008 1459:Kelly 2009 1446:References 1200:See also: 1179:St. John's 1109:university 1080:See also: 995:National 5 991:National 4 987:National 3 895:compulsory 693:assessment 650:April 2023 578:John Dewey 529:discipline 500:John Dewey 496:definition 455:scientific 417:, has its 207:professor 51:curriculum 5307:Didactics 5302:Curricula 5196:Venezuela 5141:Argentina 4946:Australia 4859:Greenland 4774:Nicaragua 4749:Guatemala 4631:Gibraltar 4455:Lithuania 4261:Hong Kong 4215:Palestine 4140:Sri Lanka 4135:Singapore 4015:Indonesia 3716:Mauritius 3272:Preschool 3172:Wikimedia 2910:Religious 2835:Euthenics 2820:Economics 2800:Chemistry 2790:Bilingual 2745:Sociology 2700:Inclusion 2680:Economics 2578:Education 2341:0362-4331 2265:(article) 2234:(article) 829:does not 723:Australia 717:Australia 705:secondary 459:knowledge 425:word for 353:textbooks 344:societies 217:Calvinist 178:Etymology 107:curricula 47:education 5271:Category 5186:Suriname 5176:Paraguay 5161:Colombia 4961:Kiribati 4824:Anguilla 4759:Honduras 4729:Dominica 4704:Barbados 4651:Svalbard 4636:Guernsey 4583:Abkhazia 4535:Slovenia 4530:Slovakia 4505:Portugal 4363:Bulgaria 4284:Category 4205:Abkhazia 4155:Thailand 4110:Pakistan 4090:Mongolia 4085:Maldives 4080:Malaysia 3980:Cambodia 3907: / 3903: / 3896:(France) 3890: / 3868: / 3864: / 3816:Zimbabwe 3791:Tanzania 3641:Ethiopia 3636:Eswatini 3616:Djibouti 3581:Cameroon 3566:Botswana 3156:Socratic 3116:Feedback 3002:Concepts 2895:Physical 2865:Military 2845:Language 2795:Business 2735:Research 2725:Politics 2710:Pedagogy 2605:Glossary 2590:Overview 2506:Archived 2247:Archived 2132:15 April 1946:27 March 1936:(1902). 1876:27 March 1838:27 March 1733:(1902). 1393:Syllabus 1372:Pedagogy 1337:Europass 1305:See also 1235:in 2019. 1134:and the 997:(NAT5), 993:(NAT4), 989:(NAT3), 983:Scotland 977:Scotland 485:cultures 431:children 322:syllabus 5191:Uruguay 5166:Ecuador 5146:Bolivia 5107:Tokelau 5011:Vanuatu 4854:Curaçao 4839:Bonaire 4834:Bermuda 4764:Jamaica 4744:Grenada 4699:Bahamas 4560:Ukraine 4510:Romania 4470:Moldova 4428:Ireland 4423:Iceland 4418:Hungary 4408:Germany 4403:Georgia 4393:Finland 4388:Estonia 4383:Denmark 4368:Croatia 4353:Belgium 4348:Belarus 4338:Austria 4333:Armenia 4328:Andorra 4323:Albania 4180:Vietnam 4095:Myanmar 4075:Lebanon 4005:Georgia 3960:Bahrain 3950:Armenia 3892:Réunion 3888:Mayotte 3879:Madeira 3874:(Spain) 3870:Melilla 3801:Tunisia 3771:Somalia 3756:Senegal 3741:Nigeria 3731:Namibia 3721:Morocco 3686:Liberia 3681:Lesotho 3631:Eritrea 3601:Comoros 3576:Burundi 3551:Algeria 3459:→ 3434:Further 3389:→ 3384:→ 3366:→ 3330:→ 3325:→ 3309:→ 3282:→ 3275:→ 3121:Passive 3044:Studies 2925:Teacher 2915:Science 2905:Reading 2900:Physics 2875:Nursing 2860:Medical 2695:History 2615:Outline 2597:General 1105:college 1099:At the 1017:, each 1013:In the 934:England 888:Nigeria 850:removed 835:sources 764:Alberta 760:Nunavut 738:years. 701:primary 678:English 565:museums 534:college 477:reality 421:in the 337:diploma 196:currere 154:primary 5171:Guyana 5151:Brazil 5082:Hawaii 5006:Tuvalu 4779:Panama 4769:Mexico 4714:Canada 4709:Belize 4646:Jersey 4588:Kosovo 4555:Turkey 4545:Sweden 4525:Serbia 4515:Russia 4500:Poland 4495:Norway 4475:Monaco 4445:Latvia 4413:Greece 4398:France 4373:Cyprus 4225:Taiwan 4160:Turkey 4125:Russia 4060:Kuwait 4040:Jordan 4030:Israel 3990:Cyprus 3975:Brunei 3970:Bhutan 3911: 3894: 3881: 3811:Zambia 3806:Uganda 3746:Rwanda 3701:Malawi 3661:Guinea 3556:Angola 3506:Portal 3466: 3425: 3328:Junior 3323:Infant 3228:Stages 3204:Quotes 3189:Images 3049:Theory 3039:Hidden 2935:Values 2840:Health 2815:Design 2740:Rights 2720:Policy 2481:about 2458: 2339: 2253:(book) 2177:GOV.UK 1867: 1829: 1793: 1630: 1514: 1481: 1434: 1352:Lesson 1263:, and 1183:Shimer 1001:, and 999:Higher 901:Russia 748:Canada 742:Canada 725:, the 710:school 558:praxis 440:school 435:adults 377:praxis 364:formal 330:skills 269:sports 168:UNESCO 30:, see 5156:Chile 5001:Tonga 4991:Samoa 4981:Palau 4971:Nauru 4829:Aruba 4754:Haiti 4621:Åland 4540:Spain 4465:Malta 4435:Italy 4266:Macau 4185:Yemen 4145:Syria 4120:Qatar 4100:Nepal 4035:Japan 4010:India 4000:Egypt 3985:China 3866:Ceuta 3786:Sudan 3736:Niger 3691:Libya 3676:Kenya 3656:Ghana 3646:Gabon 3621:Egypt 3561:Benin 3209:Texts 3179:Books 2880:Peace 2870:Music 2850:Legal 2810:Death 2610:Index 2452:(PDF) 2104:(PDF) 1706:infed 1510:–32. 1019:state 946:state 938:Wales 798:Japan 750:each 453:that 423:Latin 419:roots 192:Latin 5181:Peru 5077:Guam 5034:Niue 4956:Fiji 4899:Saba 4724:Cuba 4105:Oman 4070:Laos 4025:Iraq 4020:Iran 3796:Togo 3706:Mali 3596:Chad 3199:News 2456:ISBN 2432:2014 2402:2014 2337:ISSN 2314:2013 2288:2013 2200:2020 2134:2018 2050:2016 1948:2023 1878:2023 1865:ISBN 1840:2023 1827:ISBN 1791:ISBN 1628:ISBN 1607:2019 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