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that they are producing 300 watts, for example, instead of waiting for their heart rate to climb to a certain point. In addition, power meters measure the force that moves the bike forward multiplied by the velocity, which is the desired goal. This has two significant advantages over heart rate monitors: 1) An athlete's heart rate may remain constant over the training period, yet their power output is declining, which they cannot detect with a heart rate monitor; 2) While an athlete who is not rested or not feeling entirely well may train at their normal heart rate, they are unlikely to be producing their normal power—a heart rate monitor will not reveal this, but a power meter will. Further, power meters enable riders to experiment with
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Power meters provide an objective measurement of real output that allows training progress to be tracked very simply—something that is more difficult when using, for example, a heart rate monitor alone. Cyclists will often train at different intensities depending on the adaptations they are seeking.
479:
power meters rely on the torsional deflection in the BB shaft. This is done by the shaft having a disc at each end with perforations. These perforations are detected using non-contact photo-electric sensors that detect when torque is applied to the left pedal and then doubled. Data is sent digitally
456:
Pedal-based power meters can be located either in the pedal axle or in the pedal body. This type of cycling power meter measures the cyclist’s force exactly where it is applied, through one or both pedals. Power meters with sensors on both pedals can provide a real dual-sided power measurement, that
249:
Older cycling power meters use a set of wires to transmit power information to a computer mounted on the bicycle; this system has a serious disadvantage of having fine electrical cables being run all over the bicycle, making it harder to clean as well as using a fair number of fasteners to hold them
507:
power meter uses the same strain gauges that are present in the crank power meters, but it is located in the rear wheel hub and measures the power at the rear wheel. The power measured by a freehub power meter will be slightly less than the power measured by a crank-based power meter due to power
336:
Power meters provide instant feedback to the rider about their performance and measure their actual output; heart rate monitors measure the physiological effect of effort and therefore ramp up more slowly. Thus, an athlete performing "interval" training while using a power meter can instantly see
373:
power meters, can measure the power generated individually by the left leg and the right leg. The resulting data allow monitoring of the dominant/non-dominant leg ratio and observe how it varies in relation to different racing and fitness conditions. This can be useful to correct penalizing
344:
Power meters further encourage cyclists to contemplate all aspects of the sport in terms of power because power output is an essential, quantitative link between physiological fitness and speed achievable under certain conditions. A cyclist's
357:, thus accurately estimating speed. The joint application of power meters and power models has led to increasingly more scientific analyses of riding environments and physical properties of the cyclist, in particular aerodynamic drag.
437:. While most crank-based power meters measure the power output of one leg only or need a second sensor to measure the power output of both legs, the spider-based power meters always measure the total power output of both legs.
524:. The pick-up detects chain vibration from which it calculates chain tension which, along with chain speed, gives power output. Finnish company Polar was the first to bring a chain-based power meter to market.
1004:
Strutzenberger, Gerda; Wunsch, Tobias; Kroell, Josef; Dastl, Jacqueline; Schwameder, Hermann (2014). "Effect of chainring ovality on joint power during cycling at different workloads and cadences".
508:
losses in the chain, pedals, and bottom bracket. Because freehub power meters are built into the rear wheel, it is simple to interchange them among bikes so long as the wheels are compatible.
353:(a proxy for fitness) can be closely related to power output using principles of biochemistry, while power output can serve as a parameter to power-speed models founded in
329:
A common practice is to use different intensity zones. When training with power, these zones are usually calculated from the power output corresponding to the so-called
406:
by measuring a cyclist's opposing forces (gravity, wind resistance, inertia, rolling resistance) and combining these with velocity to determine the rider's power output.
744:
Martin, James C.; Milliken, Douglas L.; Cobb, John E.; McFadden, Kevin L.; Coggan, Andrew R. (1998). "Validation of a
Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power".
532:
Opposing force power meters measure hill slope (gravity), bike acceleration (inertia), and sometimes, wind speed. From this, power can be indirectly calculated.
241:. By providing instantaneous feedback to the athlete, and by allowing more precise analysis of rides, power meters can be a useful tool for training.
457:
is power data gathered individually on both legs. This feature is useful to observe and correct penalizing differences in performance between legs.
827:
864:
Cullen, L.; Andrew, K.; Lair, K.; Widger, M.; Timson, B. (2008). "Efficiency of
Trained Cyclists Using Circular and Noncircular Chainrings".
495:
402:. Certain newer devices do not use strain gauges and instead measure power through handlebar-mounted units that utilize the principles of
433:/s positioned within the crank or crank spider. A calculation of power is derived from the deflection of the strain gauge/s and pedaling
440:
These units require specific cranks or cranksets but can be relatively simple to interchange between bikes, depending on compatibility.
214:
The technology was adapted to cycling in the late 1980s and was tested in professional bicycle racing i.e.: the prototype Power Pacer (
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device. This type of power meter has been commercially available since 1989. Training using a power meter is increasingly popular.
89:
61:
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protocols and can be paired to standard bike computers that display information about the power output generated by the rider.
250:
up. However, since 2009 there is a general trend to move towards wireless systems. Power meters generally transmit data over
835:
Abbiss, C.; Quod, M.; Levin, G.; Martin, D.; Laursen, P. (2009). "Accuracy of the
Velotron Ergometer and SRM Power Meter".
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42:
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applied, and when combined with angular velocity, calculate power. Power meters using strain gauges are mounted in the
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Crank arm based power meter. The small box on the rear of the left crank arm contains the strain gauges.
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These units are difficult to interchange and require a different bottom bracket unit for each bike.
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931:"The Measurement of Maximal (Anaerobic) Power Output on a Cycle Ergometer: A Critical Review"
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976:"Noncircular chainrings and pedal to crank interface in cycling: a literature review"
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Hopker, J.; Myers, S.; Jobson, S. A.; Bruce, W.; Passfield, L. (2010).
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Power meters generally transmit data wirelessly and can be paired to a
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300:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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applied, and when combined with angular velocity, calculate power.
155:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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units is essentially a guitar pick-up that mounts to the cycle's
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828:"Bicycle Crank Power Meters and Round and Non-Round Chainrings"
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Device on a bicycle that measures the power output of the rider
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Power meter pedals are easy to install and swap across bikes.
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251:
983:
Revista
Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano
895:"Validity and Reliability of the Wattbike Cycle Ergometer"
812:
DC Rainmaker - The Power Meters Buyer’s Guide–2016 Edition
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imbalances and in post-traumatic rehabilitation programs.
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and evaluate its effect relative to speed and heart rate.
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Book: Training and Racing with a Power Meter, 2nd Ed.
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output of the rider. Most cycling power meters use
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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974:Bini, Rodrigo Rico; Dagnese, Frederico (2012).
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425:and spider based power meters measure the
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316:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
929:Driss, Tarak; Vandewalle, Henry (2013).
902:International Journal of Sports Medicine
866:International Journal of Sports Medicine
837:International Journal of Sports Medicine
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787:PowerPod In-Depth Review | DC Rainmaker
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819:"What's up with those funky rings...?"
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685:, and does not mount to the drivetrain
630:4iiii Precision, Podiiiium (crank arm)
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472:Bottom bracket with connection cables
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
365:Dual-sided power meters, generally
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826:Sullivan, Mark (October 3, 2014).
536:Current power meters in the market
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817:Anhalt, Tom (January 12, 2013).
429:applied through both pedals via
333:or MAP (maximal aerobic power).
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996:10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n4p470
746:Journal of Applied Biomechanics
34:needs additional citations for
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382:Most cycling power meters use
1:
935:BioMed Research International
716:
577:Wahoo Speedplay POWRLINK zero
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1018:10.1080/14763141.2014.908946
731:"Cycling with a Power Meter"
677:PowerPod, measures power by
361:Dual-sided power measurement
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296:the claims made and adding
151:the claims made and adding
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672:Opposing force power meter
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452:Pedal based power meters.
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418:Spider based power meter.
602:XCadey XPOWER-S, 2XPOWER
582:Spider-based power meter
511:
642:Magene P325, RIDGE DUAL
613:Crank-based power meter
551:Pedal-based power meter
484:mounted computer unit.
355:Newton's laws of motion
914:10.1055/s-0030-1261968
878:10.1055/s-2007-1021264
849:10.1055/s-0028-1103285
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499:Hub based power meter.
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541:Hub-based power meter
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58:"Cycling power meter"
1189:Quick release skewer
758:10.1123/jab.14.3.276
562:Garmin Vector, Rally
367:direct applied force
256:Bluetooth Low Energy
43:improve this article
1006:Sports Biomechanics
948:10.1155/2013/589361
696:Bicycle performance
645:Sigeyi DLS, AXPOWER
193:cycling power meter
711:Outline of cycling
627:Stages (crank arm)
624:PowerTap ChainRing
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404:Newton's Third Law
281:possibly contains
199:that measures the
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136:possibly contains
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651:InPeak PowerCrank
621:WATTEAM Powerbeat
378:Power meter types
331:lactate threshold
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283:original research
195:is a device on a
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571:Polar/Look Power
516:At the heart of
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679:wind resistance
654:Giant Power Pro
636:Verve IbfoCrank
618:Avio PowerSense
593:Quarq Dzero DUB
574:PowerTap Pedals
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843:(2): 107–112.
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796:External links
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1012:(2): 97–108.
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989:(4): 470–82.
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802:cycling shoes
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752:(3): 276–91.
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706:Cyclocomputer
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648:XCadey XPOWER
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633:Pioneer Power
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279:This section
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231:bike computer
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205:strain gauges
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161:November 2016
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134:This article
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1271:Bowden cable
1174:Spoke nipple
1009:
1005:
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938:
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905:
901:
872:(3): 264–9.
869:
865:
840:
836:
782:
749:
745:
739:
725:
599:FSA Powerbox
559:Favero bePRO
546:PowerTap Hub
531:
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459:
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431:strain gauge
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1367:Skirt guard
1312:Bottle cage
1295:Peripherals
1276:Cable guide
1226:Master link
662:power meter
386:to measure
220:Greg LeMond
207:to measure
1362:Reflectors
1357:Spoke card
1236:Derailleur
1199:Drivetrain
1179:Valve stem
1137:Suspension
1092:Handlebars
941:: 589361.
717:References
605:Sigeyi AXO
522:chain stay
290:improve it
245:Interfaces
239:smartwatch
235:smartphone
145:improve it
99:March 2014
69:newspapers
1352:Saddlebag
1342:Mudguards
1327:Kickstand
1245:Gear case
1240:Hub gears
1102:Head tube
590:Power2Max
482:handlebar
294:verifying
222:with the
218:) and by
149:verifying
1392:Category
1347:Panniers
1332:Lighting
1250:Sprocket
1212:Crankset
1132:Fork end
1117:Seatpost
1026:25122995
967:24073413
922:20665423
857:19177315
774:12533346
766:28121252
690:See also
596:SRAM AXS
400:crankset
306:May 2017
1317:Fairing
1286:Ferrule
1266:Shifter
1259:Cabling
1184:Dustcap
1107:Headset
958:3773392
886:1601563
701:Cadence
660:Footpod
505:freehub
491:Freehub
435:cadence
396:freehub
394:, rear
339:cadence
288:Please
197:bicycle
143:Please
83:scholar
1372:Fender
1302:Basket
1231:Cogset
1156:Wheels
1122:Saddle
1034:812286
1032:
1024:
965:
955:
920:
884:
855:
772:
764:
565:Limits
444:Pedals
427:torque
388:torque
209:torque
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1281:Brake
1217:Chain
1207:Pedal
1169:Spoke
1084:Frame
1030:S2CID
979:(PDF)
898:(PDF)
770:S2CID
639:Rotor
518:chain
512:Chain
480:to a
423:Crank
398:, or
371:pedal
237:, or
201:power
90:JSTOR
76:books
1307:Bell
1221:Belt
1164:Tire
1112:Fork
1097:Stem
1022:PMID
963:PMID
939:2013
918:PMID
882:PMID
853:PMID
762:PMID
681:and
667:RPM2
568:Look
252:ANT+
62:news
1014:doi
991:doi
953:PMC
943:doi
910:doi
874:doi
845:doi
754:doi
587:SRM
369:or
351:max
292:by
254:or
224:SRM
147:by
45:by
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503:A
347:VO
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191:A
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