44:
381:
177:
In 1990, she declared to Karnow that "Communism has been catastrophic. Party officials have never understood the need for rational development. They've been hypnotized by
Marxist slogans that have lost validity — if they were ever valid. They are outrageous." Talking of the corruption practiced
173:
had been proponents of land policies that were favourable to the landed gentry. Of the northerners who came to the south, she expressed her contempt, saying that "They behave as though they conquered us." At the time, the failure of the rice harvest and declining food rations had seen record levels
245:
Nghia M. Vo Saigon: A History 2011 - Page 140 "... on
December 19 to 20, 1960, Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a Saigon lawyer, Trương Như Tảng, chief comptroller of a bank, Drs. Dương Quỳnh Hoa and Phùng Văn Cung, along with other dissidents, met with communists to form the National Liberation
156:
After the reunification of the country, Hoa eventually became a vocal critic of the new government. She stated "I have been a communist all my life, but now I've seen the realities of
Communism, and it is a failure — mismanagement, corruption, privilege, repression.
140:
She was appointed as the NLF's deputy minister of health in its
Provisional Revolutionary Government. She was named as a "heroine of the revolution. Of her involvement with the NLF, she said in 1981, "We had no choice. We had to get rid of the foreigners."
164:
Hoa also attacked the cadres who later moved into the south after the reunification, who she felt were inattentive to southern regional characteristics and sensitivities. She was particularly critical of the forced land
67:
78:
Born in 1930, Hoa was from a southern upper-class family, which had been
Frenchified during the colonial era. After completing her secondary schooling in Vietnam, she moved to
178:
by the officials and their wives, she said that it was equivalent to what occurred in South
Vietnam: "This is very much a feudal society, whatever its ideological veneer."
432:
110:
55:
442:
437:
268:
385:
427:
82:
in the 1950s, where she became a communist. Upon finishing her degree, she returned to southern
Vietnam, which following the
391:
422:
133:. Although she never recovered from the personal loss, she put on a brave face in an interview with American journalist
106:
and the
American advisors in Vietnam, who were oblivious to the fact that the upper-class southerner was a communist.
363:
340:
196:"Presente - Remembering Victims who organized - VNAORRC, Vietnam Agent Orange Relief & Responsibility Campaign"
98:. During this period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, Hoa spied for the communists, as she socialised with the
417:
169:
programs, noting that some southern peasants went to the NLF due to their policy of land reform, whereas
32:
in
English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
447:
91:
87:
412:
407:
83:
43:
8:
166:
359:
336:
150:
17:
324:
134:
195:
149:
Following the war she administered a children's hospital in the newly renamed
401:
332:
170:
122:
103:
95:
59:
130:
63:
33:
355:
269:"INCOMPLETE REVOLUTION VIET CONG FOUNDER: MONEY OVERSHADOWS IDEALS"
126:
125:
broke out, Hoa and her husband, a mathematician, fled Saigon to a
21:
380:
99:
102:
elite at cocktail parties with the inner circle of
President
79:
137:, quipping that her son was "only one among millions".
129:
hideout in the jungle. There, the couple's son died of
109:During this time, she was a founding member of the
111:National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam
399:
174:of malnutrition at the hospital that she ran.
144:
433:20th-century Vietnamese women politicians
54:(1930–2006) was a notable member of the
42:
400:
349:
323:
116:
94:had become part of the anti-communist
443:Women government ministers of Vietnam
254:
252:
223:
221:
219:
217:
215:
438:20th-century Vietnamese politicians
286:
230:
13:
304:
295:
249:
212:
14:
459:
373:
392:"Bác sĩ Dương Quỳnh Hoa qua đời"
379:
428:Government ministers of Vietnam
352:Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War
70:, serving as a cabinet member.
261:
239:
188:
73:
1:
317:
28:, but is often simplified to
113:, which was formed in 1960.
7:
350:Tucker, Spencer C. (2000).
10:
464:
423:Vietnamese anti-communists
15:
56:National Liberation Front
181:
145:Critic of the status-quo
121:Early in 1968 when the
88:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
68:provisionary government
200:www.vn-agentorange.org
48:
47:Dương Quỳnh Hoa (1974)
418:Vietnamese communists
46:
394:, BBC, 28 Feb. 2006.
388:at Wikimedia Commons
84:partition of Vietnam
66:and a member of its
117:War time activities
96:Republic of Vietnam
329:Vietnam: A history
159:My ideals are gone
49:
384:Media related to
92:Geneva Conference
455:
383:
369:
346:
311:
308:
302:
299:
293:
290:
284:
283:
281:
280:
265:
259:
256:
247:
243:
237:
234:
228:
225:
210:
209:
207:
206:
192:
167:collectivisation
151:Ho Chi Minh City
463:
462:
458:
457:
456:
454:
453:
452:
448:Former Marxists
398:
397:
386:Dương Quỳnh Hoa
376:
366:
343:
325:Karnow, Stanley
320:
315:
314:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:Karnow, p. 547.
291:
287:
278:
276:
273:Ronald E. Yates
267:
266:
262:
257:
250:
244:
240:
236:Tucker, p. 109.
235:
231:
226:
213:
204:
202:
194:
193:
189:
184:
147:
119:
76:
52:Dương Quỳnh Hoa
41:
18:Vietnamese name
12:
11:
5:
461:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
396:
395:
389:
375:
374:External links
372:
371:
370:
364:
347:
341:
319:
316:
313:
312:
310:Karnow, p. 46.
303:
301:Karnow, p. 38.
294:
285:
260:
258:Karnow, p. 42.
248:
238:
229:
227:Karnow, p. 37.
211:
186:
185:
183:
180:
146:
143:
135:Stanley Karnow
118:
115:
86:following the
75:
72:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
460:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
393:
390:
387:
382:
378:
377:
367:
365:1-57607-040-9
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
342:0-670-84218-4
338:
334:
333:Penguin Books
330:
326:
322:
321:
307:
298:
289:
274:
270:
264:
255:
253:
242:
233:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
201:
197:
191:
187:
179:
175:
172:
171:South Vietnam
168:
162:
160:
154:
152:
142:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:Tet Offensive
114:
112:
107:
105:
104:Ngo Dinh Diem
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
60:South Vietnam
57:
53:
45:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
351:
328:
306:
297:
288:
277:. Retrieved
275:. 2015-05-02
272:
263:
241:
232:
203:. Retrieved
199:
190:
176:
163:
158:
155:
148:
139:
131:encephalitis
120:
108:
77:
51:
50:
37:
29:
25:
413:2006 deaths
408:1930 births
74:Early years
64:Vietnam War
62:during the
402:Categories
318:References
279:2019-06-11
205:2019-06-11
34:given name
246:Front..."
356:ABC-CLIO
327:(1997).
90:and the
16:In this
22:surname
362:
339:
100:Saigon
20:, the
182:Notes
80:Paris
30:Duong
26:Dương
360:ISBN
337:ISBN
161:."
127:NLF
58:in
38:Hoa
24:is
404::
358:.
354:.
335:.
331:.
271:.
251:^
214:^
198:.
153:.
36:,
368:.
345:.
282:.
208:.
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)