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Encephalitis

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959: 491: 738: 34: 2870: 1818: 1496: 896:(HAART), in conjunction with the established pyrimethamine-based maintenance therapy, decreases the chance of relapse in patients with HIV and TE from approximately 18% to 11%. This is a significant difference as relapse may impact the severity and prognosis of disease and result in an increase in healthcare expenditure. 1527: 1020:
of acute encephalitis in Western countries is 7.4 cases per 100,000 people per year. In tropical countries, the incidence is 6.34 per 100,000 people per year. The number of cases of encephalitis has not changed much over time, with about 250,000 cases a year from 2005 to 2015 in the US. Approximately
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seven per 100,000 people were hospitalized for encephalitis in the US during this time. In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide. Herpes simplex encephalitis has an incidence of 2–4 per million of the population per year.
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studies with sufficient numbers of patients and sufficient follow-up. There is the possibility of a benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin for some forms of childhood encephalitis on some indicators such as length of hospital stay, time to stop spasms, time to regain consciousness, and time to
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Kneen R, Michael BD, Menson E, Mehta B, Easton A, Hemingway C, et al. (May 2012). "Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children - Association of British Neurologists and British Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infection Group national guidelines".
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People should only be diagnosed with encephalitis if they have a decreased or altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or personality change for at least twenty-four hours without any other explainable cause. Diagnosing encephalitis is done via a variety of tests:
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An ideal drug to treat brain infection should be small, moderately lipophilic at pH of 7.4, low level of plasma protein binding, volume of distribution of litre per kg, does not have strong affinity towards binding with
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Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).
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in the structures of the medial temporal lobes, and in some cases, other limbic structures. Some cases of limbic encephalitis are of autoimmune origin.
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Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016).
528:. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from 2156: 2069: 2909: 2014:"Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium" 1480: 1457: 347:
may be required. In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide.
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Broder CC, Geisbert TW, Xu K, Nikolov DB, Wang LF, Middleton D, et al. (2012). "Immunization strategies against henipaviruses".
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Viral infections are the usual cause of infectious encephalitis. Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute
2246:"Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections" 2194: 1511: 3725: 2902: 1180: 3705: 3378: 2715: 62: 2737: 3730: 3362: 2586: 1812: 1737: 1599: 1521: 1490: 3568: 3556: 3018: 893: 2558: 1118: 660: 1779: 1706: 3787: 3720: 3275: 664: 1587: 3490: 3293: 2126: 478:, though the cause of encephalitis lethargica is not currently known. From 1917 to 1928, an epidemic of encephalitis 344: 3609: 2598: 1541: 722: 708: 3124: 3100: 2930: 766:(spinal tap), this helps determine via a test using the cerebral-spinal fluid, obtained from the lumbar region. 2317:"Toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse rates with pyrimethamine-based therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis" 2223: 1561: 3803: 3688: 3604: 3546: 3316: 3095: 1123: 1103: 958: 3839: 3772: 3146: 2425: 1128: 2885: 1989:
Howes DS, Lazoff M, Conrad SA, Hemphill RR, Huff JS, Pritz T, et al. (2018-08-07). Brenner BE (ed.).
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The word seems to have had a meaning of "lithic imitation of the human brain" at first, according to the
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Rozenberg F, Deback C, Agut H (June 2011). "Herpes simplex encephalitis : from virus to therapy".
41: 3710: 3678: 3652: 3630: 3479: 3058: 2593:). The first use in the medical sense is attested from the early 19th century in French (J. Capuron, 1370: 775: 2164: 886:-based maintenance therapy is often used to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), which is caused by 44:
scan image shows high signal in the temporal lobes and right inferior frontal gyrus in someone with
3777: 3551: 2965: 2802: 1017: 555: 511: 2665:"Encephalitis caused by pathogens transmitted through organ transplants, United States, 2002-2013" 3782: 3715: 3471: 3289: 3141: 3131: 2975: 2061: 833: 796: 680: 455: 450: 233:. The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduction or alteration in consciousness, 93: 2894: 1449: 3844: 3647: 3639: 3594: 3270: 3242: 3090: 2470:"The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries" 2012:
Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, et al. (October 2013).
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Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, Koskiniemi M, Sainio K, Salonen O, et al. (May 2005).
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and certain medications. In many cases the cause remains unknown. Risk factors include a
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Neuropsychological Neurology: The Neurocognitive Impairments of Neurological Disorders
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Johns Hopkins Internal Medicine Board Review: Certification and Recertification
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resolution of neuropathic symptoms and fever. Intravenous immunoglobulin for
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is avoidable, for all intents and purposes, as smallpox is nearly eradicated.
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Venkatesan A (June 2015). "Epidemiology and outcomes of acute encephalitis".
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at the early stages of diagnosis is associated with high rates of survival.
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and can be life-threatening for people with weak immune systems. The use of
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Jmor F, Emsley HC, Fischer M, Solomon T, Lewthwaite P (October 2008).
3265: 3216: 3204: 3187: 3119: 2848: 1037:, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as 859: 841: 816: 737: 690: 686: 634: 548: 517: 364: 328: 293: 242: 195: 82: 58: 1669:"Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management" 615:, cause inflammation of the meninges and consequently encephalitis. 3740:
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
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Limbic encephalitis refers to inflammatory disease confined to the
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Dalmau J, Graus F (March 2018). "Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis".
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and should be considered for at-risk individuals. Post-infectious
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Basavaraju SV, Kuehnert MJ, Zaki SR, Sejvar JJ (September 2014).
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In 30%-40% of encephalitis cases, the etiology remains unknown.
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have been unable to draw firm conclusions because of a lack of
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immunization should be observed in patients with encephalitis.
668: 475: 380: 132: 2557:(in German). The University of Chicago Library. Archived from 1084: 1076: 1070: 1062: 1056: 1048: 356: 289: 273: 238: 78: 2662: 2187:"CDC Media Statement on Newly Discovered Smallpox Specimens" 2011: 304:. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by 1832:
Hama K, Ishiguchi H, Tuji T, Miwa H, Kondo T (2008-01-01).
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Connolly MP, Goodwin E, Schey C, Zummo J (February 2017).
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is the most common autoimmune form, and is accompanied by
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covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either
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for the management of childhood encephalitis is unclear.
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Iro MA, Martin NG, Absoud M, Pollard AJ (October 2017).
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infection. Other causes of acute viral encephalitis are
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of the brain. The clinical presentation often includes
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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Armangue T, Petit-Pedrol M, Dalmau J (November 2012).
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The rare but typically deadly forms of encephalitis,
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Adults with encephalitis present with acute onset of
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in 58 percent of affected women 18–45 years of age.
2518: 2310: 2308: 2306: 1625: 1263: 1673:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 934:Identification of poor prognostic factors include 147:Infection, autoimmune, certain medication, unknown 2418: 2416: 2414: 1800: 3826: 2303: 2243: 1478: 962:Encephalitis deaths per million persons in 2012 2706:National Center for Biotechnology Information. 1402:"Acute encephalitis - diagnosis and management" 922:appeared to have no benefit when compared with 343:. Once the immediate problem is under control, 2595:Nouveau dictionnaire de mĂ©decine, chirurgie... 2411: 1181:"Meningitis and Encephalitis Information Page" 367:, and sometimes seizures. Younger children or 2910: 1801:Ashar BH, Miller RG, Sisson SD (2012-01-01). 1626:Fisher DL, Defres S, Solomon T (March 2015). 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1175: 2237: 2222:. Center for Disease Control. Archived from 1399: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 3629: 2375:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2244:Nau R, Sörgel F, Eiffert H (October 2010). 2163:. World Health Organization. Archived from 2133:. World Health Organization. Archived from 1935: 1772:"Symptoms & Treatment | Powassan | CDC" 1313: 1311: 1309: 649:can also cause encephalitis in people with 2917: 2903: 2422: 1592:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 1203: 832:, or other efflux pumps on the surface of 705:are examples of autoimmune encephalitis. 685:Autoimmune encephalitis signs can include 674: 628: 444: 32: 2688: 2637: 2580:TrĂ©sor de la langue française informatisĂ© 2512: 2495: 2485: 2394: 2340: 2269: 2037: 1957: 1912: 1849: 1747: 1692: 1643: 1585: 1425: 1365: 1363: 1343: 1289: 1252: 1152: 1306: 1230:"Meningitis and Encephalitis Fact Sheet" 957: 736: 489: 1666: 3827: 3706:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies 3379:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS 2555:"Woodhouse's English-Greek Dictionary" 2161:Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals 1509: 1381:from the original on 22 September 2017 1360: 786:which is a sign of viral encephalitis. 570:(lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus), 402: 2898: 2364: 2362: 2360: 1889:"Autoimmune encephalitis in children" 1556: 1554: 1479:Shmaefsky B, Babcock H (2010-01-01). 878:(if brain is affected post-infection) 547:Additional possible viral causes are 466:. Individuals can exhibit upper body 350: 3557:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 2946: 2461: 1240:from the original on 29 October 2017 1191:from the original on 29 October 2017 894:highly active antiretroviral therapy 1938:The New England Journal of Medicine 1460:from the original on 5 January 2015 1119:Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis 661:primary amoebic meningoencephalitis 319:Certain types are preventable with 13: 3788:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy 2612: 2357: 2127:"Tick-borne Encephalitis: Vaccine" 1551: 782:, to detect the presence of viral 729:which primarily affects children. 721:Another autoimmune cause includes 665:Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis 14: 3861: 3491:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases 3294:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration 2731: 2521:Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 1782:from the original on 26 June 2019 1400:Ellul M, Solomon T (March 2018). 1089:, 'head', and the medical suffix 856:are used to reduce brain swelling 795:Vaccination is available against 582:is a rare cause of encephalitis. 462:, delayed physical response, and 3511:For more detailed coverage, see 3489:For more detailed coverage, see 3460:For more detailed coverage, see 3426:For more detailed coverage, see 3377:For more detailed coverage, see 2868: 2714:. National Library of Medicine. 2639:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01126.x 2001:from the original on 2015-08-03. 1851:10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0983 1821:from the original on 2015-11-29. 1709:from the original on 2015-10-02. 1530:from the original on 2015-10-30. 1499:from the original on 2015-10-30. 605:Other bacterial pathogens, like 157:Based on symptoms, supported by 2718:from the original on 2021-08-28 2572: 2547: 2286: 2208: 2197:from the original on 2016-05-20 2179: 2149: 2131:International travel and health 2119: 2083: 2072:from the original on 2015-07-16 2054: 2005: 1982: 1929: 1880: 1874:"Free Living Amebic Infections" 1866: 1825: 1794: 1764: 1713: 1660: 1619: 1608:from the original on 2017-11-17 1579: 1534: 953: 844:medications (if virus is cause) 723:acute disseminated encephalitis 709:Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis 387:, due to the irritation of the 371:may present with irritability, 272:Causes of encephalitis include 2387:10.1002/14651858.CD011367.pub2 1628:"Measles-induced encephalitis" 1516:. Cambridge University Press. 1503: 1472: 1442: 1393: 1024: 625:may also cause encephalitis. 379:examinations usually reveal a 1: 3804:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3689:Hereditary spastic paraplegia 3547:Normal pressure hydrocephalus 2626:European Journal of Neurology 2333:10.1080/20477724.2016.1273597 2250:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1418:10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-155 1336:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 1282:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 1145: 1124:Sappinia amoebic encephalitis 790: 594:infection, such as bacterial 458:is identified by high fever, 3773:Progressive muscular atrophy 2669:Emerging Infectious Diseases 2439:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000199 2426:Current Opinion in Neurology 2018:Clinical Infectious Diseases 1807:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1085: 1071: 1057: 929: 822: 732: 667:, are caused by free-living 585: 433:, and behavioral anomalies. 253:. Complications may include 116:Weeks to months for recovery 7: 3283:Primary progressive aphasia 2605:). Retrieved 11 March 2017. 2603:Online Etymology Dictionary 2321:Pathogens and Global Health 1096: 574:(Colorado tick virus), and 10: 3866: 3605:Hashimoto's encephalopathy 3311:Posterior cortical atrophy 3132:Striatonigral degeneration 2983:Cavernous sinus thrombosis 2533:10.2174/187152611795768088 2105:10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.013 1893:Journal of Child Neurology 1586:Roos KL, Tyler KL (2015). 1450:"Symptoms of encephalitis" 1104:Bickerstaff's encephalitis 1077: 1063: 1049: 1018:number of new cases a year 678: 602:(secondary encephalitis). 505: 448: 406: 3711:Spinal muscular atrophies 3679:Primary lateral sclerosis 3661: 3638: 3622: 3577: 3537:Intracranial hypertension 3527: 3499: 3470: 3436: 3398: 3387: 3353: 3331: 3317:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 3256: 3066: 3057: 3043: 3003: 2937: 2828: 2746: 2062:"Encephalitis: Diagnosis" 1667:Kennedy PG (March 2004). 1129:Wernicke's encephalopathy 776:Polymerase chain reaction 697:movements, and autonomic 212: 204: 194: 172: 151: 143: 120: 112: 92: 68: 52: 40: 31: 26: 16:Inflammation of the brain 3778:Progressive bulbar palsy 3569:Intracranial hypotension 3552:Choroid plexus papilloma 2966:Herpesviral encephalitis 2294:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia 2093:The Journal of Infection 1905:10.1177/0883073812448838 1685:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280 1510:Larner AJ (2013-05-02). 946:. In contrast, a normal 850:, (if bacteria is cause) 512:Herpesviral encephalitis 501: 485: 323:. Treatment may include 3290:Frontotemporal dementia 2976:Encephalitis lethargica 2738:WHO: Viral Encephalitis 2487:10.1186/1743-422X-5-134 2157:"Japanese encephalitis" 1566:www.hopkinsmedicine.org 1542:Encephalitis Lethargica 1485:. Infobase Publishing. 741:Spinal tap on a newborn 681:Autoimmune encephalitis 675:Autoimmune encephalitis 629:Other Infectious Causes 456:Encephalitis lethargica 451:Encephalitis lethargica 445:Encephalitis lethargica 296:. Other causes include 3595:Hepatic encephalopathy 2681:10.3201/eid2009.131332 1134:World Encephalitis Day 1114:La Crosse encephalitis 1013: 742: 703:Rasmussen encephalitis 641:infestations, such as 590:It can be caused by a 556:St. Louis encephalitis 495: 341:artificial respiration 189:artificial respiration 3653:Ataxia–telangiectasia 3610:Static encephalopathy 3333:Mitochondrial disease 3171:Spasmodic torticollis 3081:Basal ganglia disease 1950:10.1056/NEJMra1708712 1061:'brain', composed of 961: 926:(pretend) treatment. 920:Japanese encephalitis 899:The effectiveness of 801:Japanese encephalitis 778:(PCR) testing of the 740: 727:demyelinating disease 493: 325:antiviral medications 3600:Toxic encephalopathy 3306:Lewy bodies dementia 2582:(cf. the article on 2262:10.1128/CMR.00007-10 1679:(Suppl 1): i10–i15. 1645:10.1093/qjmed/hcu113 1330:(10053): 1459–1544. 1276:(10053): 1545–1602. 809:smallpox vaccination 750:Brain scan, done by 566:(La Crosse strain), 482:occurred worldwide. 383:or confused person. 278:herpes simplex virus 265:, and problems with 261:, trouble speaking, 177:Antiviral medication 101:, trouble speaking, 3840:Infectious diseases 3648:Friedreich's ataxia 3031:Meningoencephalitis 2971:Limbic encephalitis 1778:. 4 December 2018. 1730:10.1007/82_2012_213 1035:meningoencephalitis 834:blood–brain barrier 780:cerebrospinal fluid 622:Bartonella henselae 613:rickettsial disease 520:, or as one of the 437:imaging reveals T2 409:Limbic encephalitis 403:Limbic encephalitis 397:meningoencephalitis 314:cerebrospinal fluid 298:autoimmune diseases 167:cerebrospinal fluid 3684:Pseudobulbar palsy 3422:Status epilepticus 3373:Multiple sclerosis 3210:Myoclonic epilepsy 3073:movement disorders 3019:Acute disseminated 2961:Viral encephalitis 2829:External resources 2589:2017-11-05 at the 2167:on 3 December 2013 2137:on 3 December 2013 2030:10.1093/cid/cit458 1029:Encephalitis with 1014: 940:status epilepticus 908:Systematic reviews 743: 611:and those causing 508:Viral encephalitis 496: 351:Signs and symptoms 312:, and analysis of 302:weak immune system 208:4.3 million (2015) 63:infectious disease 3822: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3618: 3617: 3523: 3522: 3462:Template:Headache 3428:Template:Epilepsy 3349: 3348: 3323:Vascular dementia 3166:Status dystonicus 3039: 3038: 3014:Encephalomyelitis 2863: 2862: 1899:(11): 1460–1469. 1844:(20): 1813–1817. 1838:Internal Medicine 1814:978-1-4557-0692-1 1739:978-3-642-29818-9 1601:978-0-07-180215-4 1523:978-1-107-60760-6 1492:978-1-4381-3216-7 1406:Clinical Medicine 1044:The word is from 1039:encephalomyelitis 889:Toxoplasma gondii 805:encephalomyelitis 220: 219: 153:Diagnostic method 21:Medical condition 3857: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3626: 3585:Brain herniation 3396: 3395: 3236:Intention tremor 3231:Essential tremor 3096:Postencephalitic 3064: 3063: 3055: 3054: 2944: 2943: 2925:Diseases of the 2919: 2912: 2905: 2896: 2895: 2872: 2871: 2744: 2743: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2702: 2692: 2675:(9): 1443–1451. 2659: 2641: 2606: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2499: 2489: 2474:Virology Journal 2465: 2459: 2458: 2420: 2409: 2408: 2398: 2381:(10): CD011367. 2366: 2355: 2354: 2344: 2312: 2301: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2273: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2193:. January 2016. 2183: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2041: 2024:(8): 1114–1128. 2009: 2003: 2002: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1961: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1916: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1853: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1751: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1696: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1647: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1558: 1549: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1429: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1347: 1315: 1304: 1303: 1293: 1261: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1226: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1177: 1093:'inflammation'. 1088: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 944:thrombocytopenia 876:physical therapy 862:for restlessness 813:Contraindication 578:infections. The 526:latent infection 36: 24: 23: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3810: 3736:Congenital DSMA 3657: 3614: 3573: 3519: 3507:Sleep disorders 3495: 3472:Cerebrovascular 3466: 3432: 3389: 3383: 3345: 3327: 3252: 3198:Choreoathetosis 3071: 3048: 3035: 2999: 2933: 2923: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2858: 2824: 2823: 2755: 2734: 2729: 2721: 2719: 2615: 2613:Further reading 2610: 2609: 2591:Wayback Machine 2577: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2517: 2513: 2466: 2462: 2421: 2412: 2367: 2358: 2313: 2304: 2291: 2287: 2242: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2198: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2088: 2084: 2075: 2073: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2010: 2006: 1987: 1983: 1934: 1930: 1885: 1881: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1830: 1826: 1815: 1799: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1740: 1718: 1714: 1665: 1661: 1624: 1620: 1611: 1609: 1602: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1539: 1535: 1524: 1508: 1504: 1493: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1316: 1307: 1262: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1228: 1227: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1179: 1178: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1099: 1078: 1064: 1050: 1027: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 993: 989: 987: 983: 981: 977: 975: 971: 969: 965: 956: 932: 881: 825: 793: 764:Lumbar puncture 735: 683: 677: 631: 588: 560:West Nile virus 514: 506:Main articles: 504: 488: 453: 447: 411: 405: 353: 337:corticosteroids 333:anticonvulsants 310:medical imaging 263:memory problems 185:corticosteroids 181:anticonvulsants 163:medical imaging 103:memory problems 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3863: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3708: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3667: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3564:Cerebral edema 3561: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3533: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3513:Template:Sleep 3503: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3393: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3341:Leigh syndrome 3337: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3262: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3077: 3075: 3068:Extrapyramidal 3061: 3052: 3050:encephalopathy 3041: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3010: 3008: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2952: 2950: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2927:nervous system 2922: 2921: 2914: 2907: 2899: 2874: 2867: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2845: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2810: 2799: 2784: 2756: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747:Classification 2741: 2740: 2733: 2732:External links 2730: 2728: 2727: 2708:"Encephalitis" 2703: 2660: 2632:(5): 331–343. 2616: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2599:"encephalitis" 2571: 2546: 2527:(3): 235–250. 2511: 2460: 2433:(3): 277–282. 2410: 2356: 2302: 2285: 2256:(4): 858–883. 2236: 2207: 2178: 2148: 2118: 2099:(5): 449–477. 2082: 2053: 2004: 1981: 1944:(9): 840–851. 1928: 1879: 1865: 1824: 1813: 1793: 1763: 1738: 1712: 1659: 1638:(3): 177–182. 1618: 1600: 1578: 1562:"Encephalitis" 1550: 1533: 1522: 1502: 1491: 1471: 1441: 1412:(2): 155–159. 1392: 1371:"Encephalitis" 1359: 1305: 1251: 1202: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1026: 1023: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 963: 955: 952: 936:cerebral edema 931: 928: 904:immunoglobulin 880: 879: 869: 863: 857: 851: 845: 838: 830:P-glycoprotein 824: 821: 792: 789: 788: 787: 773: 772:Urine analysis 770: 767: 761: 755: 734: 731: 679:Main article: 676: 673: 654:immune systems 630: 627: 587: 584: 580:Powassan virus 530:herpes simplex 503: 500: 487: 484: 472:muscular pains 449:Main article: 446: 443: 439:hyperintensity 419:disorientation 407:Main article: 404: 401: 352: 349: 345:rehabilitation 259:hallucinations 218: 217: 216:150,000 (2015) 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 192: 191: 174: 170: 169: 165:, analysis of 155: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 137:Eastern equine 125:Herpes simplex 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 96: 90: 89: 85:, stiff neck, 72: 66: 65: 56: 50: 49: 46:herpes simplex 38: 37: 29: 28: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3862: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3845:Inflammations 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3590:Reye syndrome 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3542:Hydrocephalus 3540: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3355:Demyelinating 3352: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3243:Restless legs 3241: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3181:Blepharospasm 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3137:Hemiballismus 3135: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3002: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2988:Brain abscess 2986: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2877: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2717: 2713: 2712:PubMed Health 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2584:"encĂ©phalite" 2581: 2575: 2561:on 2017-03-05 2560: 2556: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2240: 2226:on 2015-08-23 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1883: 1876:. 2024-06-24. 1875: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1797: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1537: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1475: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1364: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1073: 1059: 1047: 1046:Ancient Greek 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1019: 960: 951: 949: 948:encephalogram 945: 941: 937: 927: 925: 921: 916: 913: 909: 905: 902: 897: 895: 891: 890: 885: 884:Pyrimethamine 877: 873: 870: 867: 866:Acetaminophen 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 839: 837: 835: 831: 820: 818: 814: 810: 807:complicating 806: 802: 798: 785: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 749: 748: 747: 739: 730: 728: 724: 719: 717: 714: 710: 706: 704: 700: 699:dysregulation 696: 692: 688: 682: 672: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 652: 648: 644: 643:toxoplasmosis 640: 636: 626: 624: 623: 618: 614: 610: 609: 603: 601: 597: 593: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550: 545: 543: 542:measles virus 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 513: 509: 499: 492: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 423:disinhibition 420: 416: 415:limbic system 410: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 373:poor appetite 370: 366: 362: 358: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 197: 193: 190: 186: 182: 178: 175: 171: 168: 164: 160: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 119: 115: 111: 108: 104: 100: 97: 95: 94:Complications 91: 88: 84: 80: 76: 73: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: 55: 51: 48:encephalitis. 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 25: 19: 3835:Encephalitis 3798: 3697: 3670: 3631:Degenerative 3368:Inflammatory 3315: 3248:Stiff-person 3086:Parkinsonism 3059:Degenerative 2956:Encephalitis 2955: 2939:Inflammation 2929:, primarily 2886:Encephalitis 2884: 2883: 2882:profile for 2879: 2847: 2836: 2812: 2801: 2786: 2759: 2720:. Retrieved 2711: 2672: 2668: 2629: 2625: 2602: 2594: 2579: 2574: 2563:. Retrieved 2559:the original 2549: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2480:(134): 134. 2477: 2473: 2463: 2430: 2424: 2378: 2374: 2327:(1): 31–44. 2324: 2320: 2299:Encephalitis 2292: 2288: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2228:. Retrieved 2224:the original 2219: 2210: 2199:. Retrieved 2190: 2181: 2169:. Retrieved 2165:the original 2160: 2151: 2139:. Retrieved 2135:the original 2130: 2121: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2074:. Retrieved 2065: 2056: 2021: 2017: 2007: 1994: 1984: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1868: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1803: 1796: 1784:. Retrieved 1775: 1766: 1721: 1715: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1610:. Retrieved 1591: 1581: 1570:. Retrieved 1568:. 2021-08-08 1565: 1540: 1536: 1512: 1505: 1481: 1474: 1462:. Retrieved 1453: 1444: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1383:. Retrieved 1374: 1327: 1323: 1273: 1269: 1242:. Retrieved 1233: 1193:. Retrieved 1184: 1090: 1043: 1033:is known as 1028: 1015: 954:Epidemiology 933: 915:double-blind 898: 887: 882: 872:Occupational 826: 794: 744: 720: 707: 684: 658: 632: 620: 617:Lyme disease 606: 604: 589: 546: 534:rabies virus 515: 497: 494:Rabies virus 454: 412: 377:Neurological 354: 318: 282:rabies virus 271: 227:inflammation 223:Encephalitis 222: 221: 27:Encephalitis 18: 3783:Fazio–Londe 3623:Both/either 3417:Generalised 3276:Early-onset 3271:Alzheimer's 3006:spinal cord 2838:MedlinePlus 2191:www.cdc.gov 2066:NHS Choices 1959:2445/147222 1776:www.cdc.gov 1722:Henipavirus 1375:NHS Choices 1075:, 'in' and 1025:Terminology 1010: 25-45 1004: 15-24 998: 10-14 901:intravenous 848:Antibiotics 651:compromised 576:henipavirus 427:memory loss 375:and fever. 306:blood tests 284:as well as 159:blood tests 105:, problems 3850:Acute pain 3829:Categories 3391:paroxysmal 3363:Autoimmune 3156:Dyskinesia 3026:Meningitis 3004:Brain and 2814:DiseasesDB 2722:2015-08-05 2565:2013-01-10 2230:2015-08-05 2201:2016-05-19 2076:2015-08-05 1612:2017-11-17 1572:2024-01-09 1482:Meningitis 1385:29 October 1244:29 October 1195:29 October 1146:References 1139:Zika virus 1109:Cerebritis 1058:enkĂ©phalos 1031:meningitis 912:randomised 797:tick-borne 791:Prevention 769:Blood test 608:Mycoplasma 596:meningitis 568:arenavirus 564:bunyavirus 552:flavivirus 538:poliovirus 480:lethargica 393:meningitis 385:Stiff neck 247:stiff neck 3388:Episodic/ 3266:Tauopathy 3217:Akathisia 3205:Myoclonus 3188:Athetosis 3120:Tauopathy 2854:emerg/163 2849:eMedicine 1464:5 January 1051:áŒÎłÎșÎ­Ï†Î±Î»ÎżÏ‚ 992: 5-9 986: 3-4 980: 2-2 974: 1-1 968: 0-0 930:Prognosis 868:for fever 860:Sedatives 842:Antiviral 823:Treatment 817:Pertussis 733:Diagnosis 691:psychosis 687:catatonia 639:protozoal 635:parasitic 592:bacterial 586:Bacterial 549:arboviral 518:infection 365:confusion 329:acyclovir 327:(such as 294:parasites 243:confusion 205:Frequency 196:Prognosis 173:Treatment 129:West Nile 83:confusion 59:Neurology 54:Specialty 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Index


MRI
herpes simplex
Specialty
Neurology
infectious disease
Symptoms
Headache
fever
confusion
vomiting
Complications
Seizures
memory problems
hearing
Herpes simplex
West Nile
rabies
Eastern equine
Diagnostic method
blood tests
medical imaging
cerebrospinal fluid
Antiviral medication
anticonvulsants
corticosteroids
artificial respiration
Prognosis
inflammation
brain

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