1851:(SFN) is such that the transmitters in a network must broadcast the same signal at the same time. To achieve synchronization, the broadcaster must counter any differences in propagation time incurred by the different methods and distances involved in carrying the signal from the multiplexer to the different transmitters. This is done by applying a delay to the incoming signal at the transmitter based on a timestamp generated at the multiplexer, created taking into account the maximum likely propagation time, with a generous added margin for safety. Delays in the audio encoder and the receiver due to digital processing (e.g. deinterleaving) add to the overall delay perceived by the listener. The signal is delayed, usually by around 1 to 4 seconds and can be considerably longer for DAB+. This has disadvantages:
2341:
and ever since the interest was low. It was only available in
Bucharest, only public stations were available, although some private stations made some trials. DAB listeners were still in lower counts. Availability of DAB radios in stores was (and still is) low, and, despite the fact that some stores were offering DAB receivers, the interest remains limited (both because of lack of interest, higher price than an ordinary FM receiver and people are willing to pay the higher price for an internet device), most preferring internet radios or combined systems (devices with both FM and internet, although many such devices also have DAB capability, which is now rendered useless).
4662:"Minister of Media Benjamin Dalle: "I am convinced that the future of radio is exclusively digital". Radio, one of the oldest mass media, is still alive and kicking, Media Minister Benjamin Dalle (CD&V) told Business AM Radio. Yet the medium is not standing still. "I am convinced that the future of radio is exclusively digital," he echoed. In the news: More and more radio stations are choosing to go fully digital. Still, it will be some time before the obsolete FM technology is completely abandoned, Dalle thinks. In the coming years, more and more people will listen digitally. According to the minister, this will be a combination of internet and DAB+"
4844:"All current commercial radios, which broadcast in the analogue FM band, have a so-called transformation license, which obliges them to switch to digital broadcasting and leave the FM band in 2025 at the latest. But the parliamentary amendment sets a clear deadline: if the government does not present a clear plan for the transition to DAB+ by October 10, 2022, it will be possible to renew these analogue licenses again by radio with transformation licenses. Thus, there would be no transition to digital broadcasting as in television, but only the launch of simultaneous broadcasting in analogue and digital form"
2257:
230:
4688:"The Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development has announced that the Republic of Moldova will also abandon FM radio stations, in favour of digital terrestrial sound broadcasting T-DAB/T-DAB+ in the 174-230 MHz band. The Ministry of Infrastructure estimates that the radio spectrum resources available to the Republic of Moldova are sufficient to implementation of 2-6 national multiplexes, which can provide national coverage for 30-90 radio stations (compared to 4-5 existing national broadcasters at the moment)"
1194:) and vice versa. However, the UEP scheme used on DAB results in a grey area in between the user experiencing good reception quality and no reception at all, as opposed to the situation with most other wireless digital communication systems that have a sharp "digital cliff", where the signal rapidly becomes unusable if the signal strength drops below a certain threshold. When DAB listeners receive a signal in this intermediate strength area they experience a "burbling" sound which interrupts the playback of the audio.
495:
1551:, measured in programmes per MHz and per transmitter site, than analogue systems. In many places, this has led to an increase in the number of stations available to listeners, especially outside of the major urban areas. This can be further improved with DAB+ which uses a much more efficient codec, allowing a lower bitrate per channel with little to no loss in quality. If some stations transmit in mono, their bitrate can be reduced compared to stereo broadcasts, further improving the efficiency.
783:, the government agreed with the Digital Radio and Audio Review's main conclusion that there should be no formal switch-off of analogue radio services before 2030 at the earliest, and notes that the ongoing decline of analogue listening makes it appropriate to consider updating elements of the legislative framework to support a smooth transition of services away from analogue in due course. Government also agreed that government and industry should look at this again in 2026.
384:
706:, Switzerland's public-service broadcaster, will shut down its FM transmission infrastructure on 31 December 2024. The corporation concluded that maintaining FM broadcasts along with DAB+ and Internet streaming was no longer cost-effective, as due to widespread adoption of DAB+ the share of the public relying exclusively on FM was under ten percent and decreasing. All other FM broadcasters in the country must shut down or convert to DAB+ by 31 December 2026.
7421:
744:, "the regulator MPRT has been commissioned by the Swedish government to review the conditions for commercial radio in the longer term (Ku 2021/01993). In dialogue with relevant actors, including the industry, the authority plans to analyse the need for any changes in the regulations for licensing with the aim of submitting a final report to the Ministry of Culture by December 2022." As of August 2023, DAB signals are only broadcast in the greater
550:, "the European Electronic Communications Code (EECC) entered into force on 20 December 2018, with transposition into national legislation by Member States required by 21 December 2020. The Directive applies to all EU member states regardless of the status of DAB+ in each country. This means that since the end of 2020, across all EU countries, all radios in new cars must be capable of receiving and reproducing digital terrestrial radio."
1416:
962:
7431:
7410:
1576:) is typically 4 or 5, resulting in 1 / 4 / (0.26 MHz) = 0.96 programmes/transmitter/MHz. This is 3.2 times as efficient as analog FM for local stations. For single frequency network (SFN) transmission, for example of national programmes, the channel re-use factor is 1, resulting in 1/1/0.25 MHz = 3.85 programmes/transmitter/MHz, which is 12.7 times as efficient as FM for national and regional networks.
59:
7441:
1273:
difficulties can arise, however, when the relative delay of multipaths exceeds the OFDM guard interval duration, and there are frequent reports of reception difficulties due to this issue when propagation conditions change, such as when there's high pressure, as signals travel farther than usual, and thus the signals are likely to arrive with a relative delay that is greater than the OFDM guard interval.
40:
48:
2273:
analogue FM to audio conversion, meaning that portable receiving equipment will have a much shorter battery life, and require higher power (and hence more bulk). This means that they use more energy than analogue Band II VHF receivers. However, thanks to increased integration (radio-on-chip), DAB receiver power usage has been reduced dramatically, making portable receivers far more usable.
1865:, on the contrary, are not a problem in a well-defined network with a fixed delay. The DAB multiplexer adds the proper offset to the distributed time information. The time information is also independent from the (possibly varying) audio decoding delay in receivers since the time is not embedded inside the audio frames. This means that built in clocks in receivers can be precisely correct.
312:. In countries where DAB did not take off, efforts were made in later years to "re-launch" it using the newer DAB+ standard: it started gaining traction throughout the 2010s and finally took off in countries like France by 2019. DAB adoption in automobiles became increasingly common during this time, and by 2016 it was standard in most cars sold in the UK, Norway and Switzerland.
1874:
own FM transmitter on their own building the cost of DAB transmission will be much higher than analog. Operating a DAB transmitter for a single station is not an efficient use of spectrum or power. With that said, this can be solved to some degree by combining multiple local stations in one DAB/DAB+ mux, similar to what is done on DVB-T/DVB-T2 with local TV stations.
830:, radio stations with Levira's support started testing digital radio frequencies in November 2022. "One of our objectives for the coming year is to create the necessary technical conditions for the development of digital radio," said Oliver Gailan, head of the communications department of the country's consumer protection and technical regulatory authority, the TTJA.
1269:), which means that a network of transmitters can provide coverage to a large area – up to the size of a country – where all transmitters use the same transmission frequency block. Transmitters that are part of an SFN need to be very accurately synchronised with other transmitters in the network, which requires the transmitters to use very accurate clocks.
1254:
bandwidth is 1.537 MHz. The OFDM guard interval for TM I is 0.246 ms, which means that the overall OFDM symbol duration is 1.246 ms. The guard interval duration also determines the maximum separation between transmitters that are part of the same single-frequency network (SFN), which is approximately 74 km for TM I.
1567:, i.e. cross-talk. Assuming a total availability of 102 FM channels at a bandwidth of 0.2 MHz over the Band II spectrum of 87.5 to 108.0 MHz, an average of 102/15 = 6.8 radio channels are possible on each transmitter site (plus lower-power local transmitters causing less interference). This results in a
2347:
The
Swedish government postponed the transition to DAB in 2016, following a report from the National Audit Office which criticized the benefits for the listeners compared to continued FM-transmissions paired other digital transmission techniques (4G, Internet) and the strength of FM-radio as a simple
1638:
from 192 kbit/s to 160 kbit/s, the resulting degradation of audio quality prompted a number of complaints to the corporation. The BBC later announced that following this testing of new equipment, it would resume the previous practice of transmitting Radio 3 at 192 kbit/s whenever there
1607:
than in analogue FM radio. The improved sound quality is achieved by using CRC and FEC technology, which improves the transmission performance of digital signals. However, many countries in implementing DAB on stereo radio stations use compression to such a degree that it produces lower sound quality
174:
radio, and thus can offer more radio services for the same given bandwidth. The broadcaster can select any desired sound quality, from high-fidelity signals for music to low-fidelity signals for talk radio, in which case the sound quality can be noticeably inferior to analog FM. High-fidelity equates
2340:
switched off DAB broadcast in
September 2021 due to lack of interest both from broadcasters and listeners, low availability of receivers, low number of listeners and higher acceptance and interest in internet radio and FM. Romania started DAB broadcast in 2004, in the DAB format, did not adopt DAB+,
2324:'s multiplex, which was switched off in March 2021, after a survey showed 77% of adults listen to radio via FM, compared with 8% via digital means, of which 0.5% via DAB. RTÉ's service began in 2006, after trials in 1998 and 2001. A commercial multiplex was trialled in 2007–8 and licensed, including
1225:
The ECC used on DAB+ is far stronger than is used on DAB, which, with all else being equal (i.e., if the transmission powers remained the same), would translate into people who currently experience reception difficulties on DAB receiving a much more robust signal with DAB+ transmissions. It also has
1253:
modulation consists of 1,536 subcarriers that are transmitted in parallel. The useful part of the OFDM symbol period is 1.0 ms, which results in the OFDM subcarriers each having a bandwidth of 1 kHz due to the inverse relationship between these two parameters, and the overall OFDM channel
439:
DAB+ broadcasts have launched in several countries like
Australia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hong Kong (now terminated), Italy, Malta, Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Belgium (October 2017), the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Malta was the first country to launch DAB+ in Europe in October
1873:
DAB can provide savings for networks of several stations. The original development of DAB was driven by national network operators with a number of channels to transmit from multiple sites. However, for individual stations such as small community or local stations which traditionally operate their
1793:
This efficiency originates from the ability a DAB network has in broadcasting more channels per transmitter/network. One network can broadcast 6–10 channels (with MP2 audio codec) or 10–18 channels (with HE AAC codec). Hence, it is thought that the replacement of FM-radios and FM-transmitters with
1789:
DAB transmitters are inevitably more expensive than their FM counterparts. DAB uses higher frequencies than FM and therefore there may be a need to compensate with more transmitters to achieve the same coverage as a single FM transmitter. DAB is commonly transmitted by a different company from the
1487:
Within an overall target bit rate for the DAB ensemble, individual stations can be allocated different bit rates. The number of channels within a DAB ensemble can be increased by lowering average bit rates, but at the expense of the quality of streams. Error correction under the DAB standard makes
557:
has stopped all sales of analogue radio receivers from 1 January 2023. Thus, consumers are no longer able to purchase AM or FM receivers for domestic use. "The obligation to incorporate DAB+ for new cars and domestic radio receivers is a nice step ahead in the digitisation of our radio landscape,"
2272:
As DAB requires digital signal processing techniques to convert from the received digitally encoded signal to the analogue audio content, the complexity of the electronic circuitry required to do this is higher. This translates into needing more power to effect this conversion than compared to an
803:
has also expressed readiness to switch to DAB broadcasting: "Flemish
Minister of Media Benjamin Dalle expects that the final shutdown of the FM frequencies, the so-called 'switch off', will take place between 2028 and 2031. According to him, the VRT must be a forerunner in the digitisation of the
1674:
DAB is capable of providing metadata alongside the audio stream. Metadata allows visual information, text and graphics - such as the station name and logo, presenter, song title and album artwork - to be displayed while a station is playing. Radio stations can provide the metadata to augment the
307:
For various reasons such as high receiver costs and limited reception, adoption of DAB had initially been slow, with the exception of the United
Kingdom and Denmark. In the UK, DAB radio receivers were high selling and 10% of households owned a DAB radio as of 2005, helped by local manufacturers
1623:
A value of 256 kbit/s has been judged to provide a high quality stereo broadcast signal. However, a small reduction, to 224 kbit/s is often adequate, and in some cases it may be possible to accept a further reduction to 192 kbit/s, especially if redundancy in the stereo signal is
1172:
One of the most important decisions regarding the design of a digital radio broadcasting system is the choice of which audio codec to use because the efficiency of the audio codec determines how many radio stations can be carried on a fixed capacity multiplex at a given level of audio quality.
1201:
ECC as an "inner layer" of coding that is placed around the byte interleaved audio frame but inside the "outer layer" of convolutional coding used by the original DAB system, although on DAB+ the convolutional coding uses equal error protection (EEP) rather than UEP since each bit is equally
456:
launched with three DAB+ stations. In August 2021 the BBC started its first regular domestic broadcast of DAB+ in the
Channel Islands and followed later with the start of local broadcasts in December 2021 in Cumbria and north Lancashire. Classic FM changed from DAB to DAB+ on 1 January 2024.
1272:
When a receiver receives a signal that has been transmitted from the different transmitters that are part of an SFN, the signals from the different transmitters will typically have different delays, but to OFDM they will appear to simply be different multipaths of the same signal. Reception
575:
Norway was the first country to announce a complete switch-off of national FM radio stations. The switch-off started on 11 January 2017 and ended on 13 December 2017. The 2017 switch-off did not affect some local and regional radio stations. They can continue to transmit on FM until 2027.
482:
and WMV9 respectively as video codecs. However, a DMB video subchannel can easily be added to any DAB transmission, as it was designed to be carried on a DAB subchannel. DMB broadcasts in South Korea carry conventional MPEG 1 Layer II DAB audio services alongside their DMB video services.
4191:
1280:
transmitters can be added to an SFN as and when desired in order to improve reception quality, although the way SFNs have been implemented in the UK up to now they have tended to consist of higher power transmitters being installed at main transmitter sites in order to keep costs down.
1509:(MP2) audio codec, which has less efficient compression than newer codecs. The typical bitrate for DAB stereo programs is only 128 kbit/s or less and as a result most radio stations on DAB have a lower sound quality than FM, prompting complaints from listeners. As with DAB+ or
1571:
of 1 / 15 / (0.2 MHz) = 0.30 programmes/transmitter/MHz. DAB with 192 kbit/s codec requires 1.536 MHz * 192 kbit/s / 1,136 kbit/s = 0.26 MHz per audio programme. The frequency reuse factor for local programmes and multi-frequency broadcasting networks
1821:
As with other digital systems, when the signal is weak or suffers severe interference, it will not work at all. DAB reception may also be a problem for receivers when the wanted signal is adjacent to a stronger one. This was a particular issue for early and low cost receivers.
1584:
for hilly terrain and for indoor communication. The number of transmitter sites or the transmission power required for full coverage of a country may be rather high at these frequencies, to avoid the system becoming noise limited rather than limited by co-channel interference.
2247:
encoded stations are gone. Most new receivers are both DAB and DAB+ compatible; however, the issue is exacerbated by some manufacturers disabling the DAB+ features on otherwise compatible radios to save on licensing fees when sold in countries without current DAB+ broadcasts.
1814:, so that when there are a lot of errors with the received data not enough of the errors can be corrected and a "bubbling mud" sound occurs. In some cases a complete loss of signal can happen. This situation has been improved upon in the newer DAB+ version that uses stronger
1169:(MDCT) algorithm, and is approximately three times more efficient than MP2, which means that broadcasters using DAB+ are able to provide far higher audio quality or far more stations than they could with DAB, or a combination of both higher audio quality and more stations.
1882:
Although FM coverage still exceeds DAB coverage in most countries implementing any kind of DAB services, a number of countries moving to digital switchover have undergone significant DAB network rollouts; as of 2022 the following coverages were given by WorldDAB:
1717:(the average number of radio programmes per MHz and transmitter) is a factor three more efficient than analogue FM for local radio stations. For national and regional radio networks, the efficiency is improved by more than an order of magnitude due to the use of
1476:, and the radio had to be tuned into each frequency as needed. This used up a comparatively large amount of spectrum for a relatively small number of stations, limiting listening choice. DAB is a digital radio broadcasting system that, through the application of
1771:
Mono talk radio, news and weather channels and other non-music programs need significantly less bandwidth than a typical music radio station, which allows DAB to carry these programmes at lower bit rates, leaving more bandwidth to be used for other programs.
1293:
that can be carried, but this depends on which error protection level is used. However, all DAB multiplexes can carry a total of 864 "capacity units". The number of capacity units, or CU, that a certain bit-rate level requires depends on the amount of
2989:
1794:
new DAB-radios and DAB-transmitters will not cost any more compared with new FM facilities. It is also argued that the power consumption will be lower for stations transmitted on a single DAB multiplex compared with individual analog transmitters.
1562:
factor in most countries is approximately 15 for stereo transmissions (with lesser factors for mono FM networks), meaning (in the case of stereo FM) that only one out of 15 transmitter sites can use the same channel frequency without problems with
1181:
Error-correction coding (ECC) is an important technology for a digital communication system because it determines how robust the reception will be for a given signal strength – stronger ECC will provide a more robust reception than a weaker form.
4187:
1751:
Also, as DAB transmits digital audio, there is no hiss with a weak signal, which can happen on FM. However, radios in the fringe of a DAB signal can experience a "bubbling mud" sound interrupting the audio or the audio cutting out altogether.
4818:"DF-Interview: Digital radio strategist Carsten Zorger on the future of DAB+: "A switch-off date is determined by the market participants, i.e. private and public broadcasters. This requires consensus. I don't see that at the moment.""
1624:
exploited by a process of 'joint stereo' encoding (i.e. some sounds appearing at the centre of the stereo image need not be sent twice). At 192 kbit/s, it is relatively easy to hear imperfections in critical audio material.
1189:
for its ECC. The coding scheme uses unequal error protection (UEP), which means that parts of the audio bit-stream that are more susceptible to errors causing audible disturbances are provided with more protection (i.e. a lower
726:, Rai Radio is proposing the country to begin switching off FM transmitters starting in 2025 with the goal of being all digital and shuttering FM broadcasting entirely in 2030. In the northern region of Italy's South Tyrol -
1834:
Minimizing the bit-rate, to the lowest level of sound-quality that listeners are willing to tolerate, such as 112 kbit/s for stereo and even 48 kbit/s for mono speech radio (LBC 1152 and the Voice of Russia are
3054:
4821:
440:
2008. South Africa began a DAB+ technical pilot in
November 2014 on channel 13F in Band 3. If DAB+ stations launch in established DAB countries, they can transmit alongside existing DAB stations that use the older
1501:
adds its digital carriers to the traditional 270 kilohertz-wide analog channels, with capability of up to 300 kbit/s per station (pure digital mode). The full bandwidth of the hybrid mode approaches 400 kHz.
163:
with DAB+. Today the majority of DAB broadcasts around the world are using the upgraded DAB+ standard, with only the UK, Romania, Brunei, and the
Philippines still using a significant number of legacy DAB broadcasts.
1496:
DAB broadcasts a single multiplex that is approximately 1.5 MHz wide (≈1,000 kilobits per second). That multiplex is then subdivided into multiple digital streams of between 9 and 12 programs. In contrast, FM
4613:
451:
published a consultation for a new national multiplex containing a mix of DAB and DAB+ services, with the intention of moving all services to DAB+ in the long term. In
February 2016, the new national network
2985:
2288:
conducted trials of DAB in L-band in major cities. However the success of satellite digital radio and lack of L-band DAB receivers led to the analogue switch-off being abandoned. Canada subsequently adopted
5535:
3043:
1035:
L-Band in the USA only, blocking its use for other purposes in America, and the United States has reached an agreement with Canada to restrict L-Band DAB to terrestrial broadcast to avoid interference.
132:
is the first country to have implemented a national FM radio switch-off, with others to follow in the next years. In recent years, DAB has become the most popular radio listening platform in Norway,
249:(IRT). The first DAB demonstrations were held in 1985 at the WARC-ORB in Geneva, and in 1988 the first DAB transmissions were made in Germany. Later, DAB was developed as a research project for the
3397:
304:(SR) launched their first broadcasts later in September while in Germany a pilot broadcast started in Bavaria in October 1995. In the UK, commercial stations started broadcasting in November 1999.
3229:
3785:
816:
has not yet reached an agreement for full digital terrestrial radio transition, instead the country intensely invests in DAB+ transmission sites development and simultaneous DAB+/FM broadcasting.
1682:, or DLS) from the station giving real-time information such as song titles, music type and news or traffic updates, of up to 128 characters in length. This is similar to a feature of FM called
391:
The term "DAB" most commonly refers both to a specific DAB standard using the MP2 audio codec, but can sometimes refer to a whole family of DAB-related standards, such as DAB+, DMB, and DAB-IP.
4587:
2673:
2699:
368:
In October 2018, the WorldDAB organisation introduced an all-new logo for DAB (specifically DAB+) to replace the previous logo that had been in use since before DAB's initial launch in 1995.
4951:
4639:
4040:
3969:
3168:
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4717:
1210:
adopted it for its deep-space missions. One slight difference between the concatenated coding used by the DAB+ system and that used on most other systems is that it uses a rectangular
3606:
1580:
Note the above capacity improvement may not always be achieved at the L-band frequencies, since these are more sensitive to obstacles than the VHF band II frequencies, and may cause
4980:
2844:
365:. In 2006 there were approximately 1,000 DAB stations in operation worldwide. As of 2018, over 68 million devices have been sold worldwide, and over 2,270 DAB services are on air.
6338:
5235:
4817:
3428:
3887:
3861:
4743:
1810:
The reception quality during the early stage of deployment of DAB was poor even for people who live well within the coverage area. The reason for this is that DAB uses weak
5724:, pda.etsi.org (this will open ETSI document search engine; to find the latest version of the document enter a search string; free registration is required to download PDF)
2243:. Hardly any of the receivers made before 2008 support the newer codec, however, making them partially obsolete once DAB+ broadcasts begin and completely obsolete once all
3335:
790:, following consultations the KRRiT has adopted a position on the end of analogue radio broadcasting "no earlier than 31 December 2026 and no later than 31 December 2030".
5571:
4795:
4096:
5363:
5054:
2915:
1218:
in order to provide a greater interleaver depth, which increases the distance over which error bursts will be spread out in the bit-stream, which in turn will allow the
4847:
804:
radio landscape. For example, if the 'switch off' does not come on January 1, 2028, it may be an option, according to Dalle, to fully digitise one of the VRT channels."
4609:
4295:
1226:
a far steeper "digital cliff", and listening tests have shown that people prefer this when the signal strength is low compared to the shallower digital cliff on DAB.
2354:
started a DAB+ trial with transmitters broadcasting on Band III in Auckland and Wellington in 2006. Uptake for the service was very low, and the trial ended in 2018.
4769:
1858:
Listeners using a combination of analogue (AM or FM) and DAB radios (e.g. in different rooms of a house) will hear a mixture when both receivers are within earshot.
5528:
5133:
2873:
2725:
1653:
By 2019 some stations had upgraded to DAB+ but rather than improving sound quality, they instead reduced it to 32 kbit/s or 64 kbit/s, often in mono.
4217:
4665:
1215:
194:" platform and can bring up to 85 percent energy consumption savings compared to FM broadcasting (but analog tuners are more efficient than digital ones and
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2554:
6685:
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broadcaster who then sells the capacity to a number of radio stations. This shared cost can work out cheaper than operating an individual FM transmitter.
3222:
2615:
269:(OFDM) modulation technique, which since then has become one of the most popular transmission schemes for modern wideband digital communication systems.
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1202:
important in DAB+. This combination of Reed–Solomon coding as the inner layer of coding, followed by an outer layer of convolutional coding – so-called
4561:
4535:
1211:
4583:
357:
By 2006, 500 million people worldwide were in the coverage area of DAB broadcasts, although by this time sales of receivers had only taken off in the
4321:
3364:
2663:
2281:
Whilst many countries have expected a shift to digital audio broadcasting, a few have moved in the opposite direction following unsuccessful trials.
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5770:
5396:
4947:
1763:, DAB reception range (but not audio quality) is reduced when travelling speeds of more than 120 to 200 km/h, depending on carrier frequency.
1710:
432:
with DAB+, older DAB receivers cannot receive DAB+ broadcasts. However, DAB receivers that were capable of receiving the new DAB+ standard after a
186:
for mobile listening, although DAB reception quality degrades rapidly when the signal strength falls below a critical threshold (as is normal for
4635:
4405:
4032:
1724:
In certain areas – particularly rural areas – the introduction of DAB gives radio listeners a greater choice of radio stations. For instance, in
1299:
422:
5513:
5336:
810:
will abandon FM radio and switch to digital radio, according to an announcement made by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development.
1650:
Despite the above, a survey in 2007 of DAB listeners (including mobile) has shown most find DAB to have equal or better sound quality than FM.
845:, since 6 December 2022, the Groupement de radios associatives libres en Limousin (Gral), has swapped the traditional FM broadcasting for DAB+.
5456:
4070:
3976:
3454:
3160:
276:, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. Public demonstrations were made in 1993 in the
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4713:
190:), whereas FM reception quality degrades slowly with the decreasing signal, providing more effective coverage over a larger area. DAB+ is a "
4873:
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3598:
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added to the transmission, as described above. In the UK, most services transmit using 'protection level three', which provides an average
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and so a device may use this to automatically correct its internal clock when travelling between time zones and when changing to or from
1433:
979:
5212:
4269:
3011:
1671:
DAB devices perform band-scans over the entire frequency range, presenting all stations from a single list for the user to select from.
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5853:
5078:
5005:
3584:
3254:
266:
444:
audio format, and most existing DAB stations are expected to continue broadcasting until the vast majority of receivers support DAB+.
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4243:
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3420:
3306:
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DAB radios are out of step with live events, so the experience of listening to live commentaries on events being watched is impaired;
719:
was the first European country to roll out a DAB+ network and services have been on-air since 2008. It covers 100% of the population.
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3138:
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1234:
Immunity to fading and inter-symbol interference (caused by multipath propagation) is achieved without equalization by means of the
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475:
436:
were being sold as early as July 2007. Generally, if a receiver is DAB+ compatible, there will be a sign on the product packaging.
4739:
3705:
5156:"OFCOM: Regulation in digital broadcasting: DAB digital radio bitrates and audio quality; Dynamic range compression and loudness"
3910:
262:
3331:
1480:
and compression, combines multiple audio streams onto a relatively narrow band centred on a single broadcast frequency called a
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Research & Development department states that at least 192 kbit/s is necessary for a high fidelity stereo broadcast:
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and reliable source for emergency/crisis information. Limited transmissions continue in Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö and Luleå
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were no other demands on bandwidth. (For comparison, BBC Radio 3 and all other BBC radio stations are streamed online using
5155:
4291:
6519:
1705:
DAB is not more bandwidth efficient than analogue measured in programmes per MHz of a specific transmitter (the so-called
7444:
7377:
7223:
6162:
5276:
4765:
3936:
1797:
Once applied, one operator has claimed that DAB transmission is as low as one-nineteenth of the cost of FM transmission.
1203:
397:, the organisation in charge of the DAB standards, announced DAB+, a major upgrade to the DAB standard in 2006, when the
5125:
2869:
2721:
7149:
1728:, radio listeners experienced an increase in available stations from 6 to 21 when DAB was introduced in November 2006.
1166:
406:
332:
5022:
3811:
7243:
5604:
5181:"BBC R&D White Paper WHP 061 June 2003, DAB:An introduction to the EUREKA DAB System and a guide to how it works"
3532:
2986:"Renaissance of the radio industry in Croatia: 'Broadcasting on digital radio would bring 85 percent energy savings'"
2463:
1455:
1219:
1198:
1001:
418:
4213:
7028:
6576:
6378:
5794:
4661:
4136:
1118:, and dealing with the over-the-air transmission and reception of data. Some aspects of these are described below.
1830:
A common complaint by listeners is that broadcasters 'squeeze in' more stations per ensemble than recommended by:
768:, with no known plans from any of the 3 broadcast licence companies to extend coverage to other regions. Parts of
7139:
4343:
3726:
3680:
2543:
2369:
471:
466:
218:
120:
DAB was the result of a European research project and first publicly rolled out in 1995, with consumer-grade DAB
5656:
5422:
4002:
3269:
2518:
2485:
244:
7134:
6275:
3647:
1437:
983:
128:
services would switch over to DAB, although the take up of DAB has been much slower than expected. As of 2023,
4118:
3630:
2605:
7475:
7159:
6123:
4925:
4375:
2314:
In Korea, the transmission of MBC 11FM was stopped in 2015 and the DAB channel was switched to T-DMB V-Radio.
1709:), but it is less susceptible to co-channel interference (cross talk), which makes it possible to reduce the
4557:
4531:
1371:, which may be synchronised with audio broadcasts. For example, a police appeal could be broadcast with the
7434:
7195:
7092:
6635:
6430:
6402:
6050:
2386:
1243:
4317:
3357:
2428:
7424:
6931:
6371:
6348:
5787:
2956:
2364:
1051:
In January 2017, an updated DAB specification (2.1.1) removed Modes II, III and IV, leaving only Mode I.
1032:
90:
5767:
5400:
737:
has proposed a closure of FM broadcasting two years after more than half of radio listening is digital."
7283:
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6851:
6321:
6290:
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2103:
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7055:
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appearing at the start of this millennium. Initially it was expected in many countries that existing
17:
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1608:
than that received from FM broadcasts. This is because of the bit rate levels being too low for the
7414:
6656:
6591:
6544:
6504:
5682:
5448:
4062:
3524:
Cosine-/Sine-Modulated Filter Banks: General Properties, Fast Algorithms and Integer Approximations
3450:
1848:
1718:
1706:
1387:
1347:
1266:
1087:
viewpoint, the technologies used on DAB inhabit the following layers: the audio codec inhabits the
1019:
DAB uses a wide-bandwidth broadcast technology and typically spectra have been allocated for it in
191:
5180:
5097:
7253:
7238:
7082:
7033:
6956:
6856:
6534:
6420:
6415:
6300:
6199:
6152:
6060:
5764:(also known as "Wohnort", the main part of the site is a list of services currently transmitting)
4869:
2256:
1815:
1811:
1573:
1564:
1426:
1108:
972:
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15 September in Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Rogaland and Agder (P4, Radio Norge and local radio)
532:
526:
414:
324:
114:
4532:"Digital radio and audio review Ensuring a robust and sustainable future for UK radio and audio"
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6721:
6716:
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6494:
6194:
6108:
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336:
214:
180:
83:
5478:
4584:"Government publishes response to Radio & Audio Review alongside broadcasting White Paper"
4427:
3843:
3522:
3190:
2945:
2328:, from 2010 to 2017, but the licensee did not renew because of lack of takeup by broadcasters.
1634:
When the BBC in July 2006 reduced the bit-rate of transmission of its classical music station
7077:
6881:
6846:
6766:
6746:
6668:
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6295:
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2402:
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1760:
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441:
328:
258:
144:
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6921:
6678:
6613:
6435:
5923:
5863:
5848:
5843:
3490:
2433:
2417:
1186:
823:, the situation is similar as in Germany - plans are for simultaneous DAB+/FM broadcasting.
447:
In the UK, DAB+ launched in January 2016 following a trial period starting September 2014.
187:
5449:"Government announces discontinuation of digital audio broadcasting services in Hong Kong"
4239:
3746:
3299:
1599:
The original objectives of converting to digital transmission were to enable higher audio
8:
7001:
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6700:
6662:
6460:
6445:
6030:
5901:
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3130:
3108:
2439:
1548:
606:
553:
Following the European Union's obligation in 2020 to include DAB+ receivers in new cars,
536:
5779:
3494:
1775:
However, this led to the situation where some stations are being broadcast in mono; see
7228:
7185:
7116:
6986:
6916:
6891:
6826:
6673:
6394:
6167:
4453:
4188:"Radio industry to switch off FM transmitters at the end of 2024 as originally planned"
3697:
3332:"The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Pure Evoke-1 DAB Digital Radio - IEEE Spectrum"
3100:
2276:
1532:
1394:
1088:
838:
820:
429:
160:
30:
This article is about the DAB standard. For digital audio broadcasting in general, see
595:
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3528:
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1683:
1675:
listening experience, particularly on car receivers which have large display panels.
1150:
559:
93:
in many countries around the world, defined, supported, marketed and promoted by the
6936:
6234:
3104:
2637:
1027:(1.452–1.492 GHz), although the scheme allows for operation between 30 and 300
683:
8 December in Østfold, Vestfold, Oslo and Akershus (P4, Radio Norge and local radio)
639:
16 June in Telemark, Buskerud, Hedmark and Oppland (P4, Radio Norge and local radio)
7273:
7233:
7213:
7180:
7109:
7067:
6981:
6836:
6821:
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6771:
6731:
6581:
6440:
6425:
6316:
6260:
6229:
6074:
5885:
5810:
4687:
3937:"Millions of DAB radio listeners to be locked out of stations including Classic FM"
3498:
3092:
2808:
2579:
1295:
797:, the expectations are about official switch off of FM radio between 2027 and 2032.
643:
229:
175:
to a high bit rate and higher transmission cost. DAB is more robust with regard to
6219:
4895:
2779:
2750:
6901:
6756:
6524:
6499:
6487:
6285:
6255:
5891:
5774:
5626:
5163:
4161:
3734:
3634:
2668:
2610:
2412:
1725:
1694:
1559:
1473:
1469:
1092:
614:
316:
171:
125:
3970:"European Electronic Communications Code - digital terrestrial radio in the car"
2334:
announced the termination of DAB+ on 5 September 2020, 12 years after its start.
7099:
6971:
6946:
6906:
6876:
6751:
6586:
6539:
6514:
6472:
5895:
2870:"DAB+ is confirmed as standard in new cars across Europe - RadioInfo Australia"
1989:
1969:
1104:
1084:
890:
780:
547:
409:(MDCT) algorithm. The new standard, which is called DAB+, has also adopted the
358:
309:
277:
250:
137:
121:
64:
5266:
257:), which started in 1987 on an initiative by a consortium formed in 1986. The
7459:
7248:
7021:
7011:
6926:
6816:
6811:
6801:
6786:
6608:
6467:
6270:
5995:
5875:
5814:
3948:
3096:
1756:
1745:
1581:
1488:
the signal more robust but reduces the total bit rate available for streams.
1358:
539:, the bands that are allocated for public DAB services, are abbreviated with
494:
486:
As of 2017, DMB is currently broadcast in Norway, South Korea, and Thailand.
453:
410:
372:
319:
instructed its Technical Committee to carry out the work needed to adopt the
301:
168:
80:
31:
5479:"Mundo da Rádio - DAB em Portugal: ascensão e queda da tecnologia do futuro"
3502:
3030:"Digital Radio FM Insider: DAB+ Not the Future for Small-scale Broadcasters"
1736:
The DAB standard integrates features to reduce the negative consequences of
1468:
Traditionally, radio programmes were broadcast on different frequencies via
7126:
6966:
6911:
6841:
6806:
6741:
6640:
6630:
6482:
6342:
5817:
5029:
3815:
3727:
Press release: New High Efficiency Audio Option Added for DAB Digital Radio
2638:"BBC Will Keep Broadcasting in FM for "Foreseeable Future" - liGo Magazine"
1741:
1481:
1477:
1331:
1327:
834:
293:
151:; an upgraded version of the system was later developed and released named
140:, and has become a requirement for all new cars sold in the EU since 2021.
87:
5596:
2460:"The DAB+ logo and branding kit are free to use for industry stakeholders"
2459:
2321:
1603:, more stations and more resistance to noise, co-channel interference and
773:
591:
7326:
6976:
6886:
6871:
6831:
6791:
6650:
6265:
6090:
5881:
4714:"Government improves digital terrestrial sound broadcasting technologies"
2351:
2019:
1999:
1949:
1862:
1690:
1635:
794:
769:
610:
273:
133:
5761:
5721:
5565:"A report on market structure, dynamics and developments in Irish media"
5300:"Make sure you look your best in the car, WorldDAB urges radio stations"
753:
7331:
7038:
6736:
6645:
6601:
6571:
6549:
6147:
6133:
5835:
3627:
2265:
2261:
2149:
1594:
1440: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1115:
986: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
727:
479:
383:
4479:
2260:
Portable DAB/DAB+ and FM receiver, circa 2016. This unit requires two
665:
280:. The protocol specification was finalized in 1993 and adopted by the
7316:
6781:
6596:
6363:
6210:
6069:
2514:
2422:
2302:
2009:
1368:
1318:, equating to a maximum bit rate per multiplex of 1,184 kbit/s.
1191:
1081:
1063:
1028:
880:
745:
647:
599:
579:
The timetable for the closure of FM signals in 2017 were as follows:
237:
The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project called
156:
102:
4792:"A German FM Switch-Off Plan Rejected by Broadcasters and Listeners"
2277:
Countries where FM to DAB(+) radio transition is cancelled/postponed
1415:
961:
284:
standardization body in 1994, the European community in 1995 and by
7311:
7301:
7218:
7043:
6866:
5960:
5913:
5871:
4003:"Belgium halts retail sales of analog radio receivers without DAB+"
3481:
Herre, J.; Dietz, M. (2008). "MPEG-4 high-efficiency AAC coding ".
3451:"DAB radio in cars on the rise across Europe - RadioInfo Australia"
2397:
2308:
2290:
2055:
1600:
1528:
1498:
1290:
1020:
691:
677:
669:
651:
625:
621:
584:
433:
394:
351:
343:
206:
94:
4921:
4636:"Dialogic: Switching off FM between 2027 and 2032 still realistic"
4379:
4033:"Norway is first country to turn off FM radio and go digital-only"
3421:"2019 European Radio and Digital Audio Show Highlights innovation"
1647:
after a period when it was available at two different bit rates.)
1542:
765:
761:
757:
292:(NRK) launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995 (
7306:
7291:
6509:
6000:
5955:
5909:
5271:
5126:"Why DMR Radio? Top 10 Benefits of DMR Technology Crunch Reviews"
5111:
3884:"Local DAB digital radio arrives in Cumbria and north Lancashire"
3858:"Channel Islands digital radio launches with an all DAB+ line-up"
2894:(i.e. DAB-only receivers are not able to receive DAB+ broadcasts)
2392:
2337:
2331:
2296:
2201:
2083:
2065:
1979:
1959:
1929:
1644:
1362:
920:
910:
900:
827:
813:
807:
800:
749:
734:
703:
633:
629:
554:
362:
320:
210:
5727:
Stott, J. H.; The How and Why of COFDM, BBC Research Development
4740:"Moldova will give up FM radio and switch to digital radio DAB+"
3012:"Why do digital radios use more electricity than analogue ones?"
159:(AAC+) audio codec and is more robust and efficient. DAB is not
7336:
7296:
6618:
6224:
6040:
6014:
6009:
5968:
5919:
5905:
2696:"Norway becomes first country to end national radio broadcasts"
2381:
2344:
2285:
2236:
2211:
2139:
2129:
2093:
1939:
1919:
1899:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1146:
1142:
1024:
930:
870:
842:
787:
741:
478:
are both suitable for mobile radio and TV because they support
402:
398:
254:
241:
in the 1980s. DAB has been under development since 1981 at the
183:
129:
106:
98:
58:
1721:. In that case, adjacent transmitters use the same frequency.
1713:, i.e. use the same radio frequency channel more densely. The
1068:
Mode III for frequencies below 3 GHz, Earth and satellite
39:
7321:
7258:
6566:
6045:
5940:
5832:
3780:
2325:
2240:
2175:
2045:
1909:
1536:
1510:
1382:
1372:
1239:
940:
723:
716:
687:
655:
448:
347:
281:
202:
195:
176:
148:
5737:
4505:
3812:"DAB Radio launches 18 new stations with Government support"
730:, the broadcaster RAS has started switching FM services off.
167:
DAB is generally more efficient in its use of spectrum than
7263:
4610:"Government response to the Digital Radio and Audio Review"
2946:"Digital Audio Broadcasting – radio now and for the future"
2407:
1354:
1262:
1250:
1235:
1207:
1112:
673:
339:
algorithm. This work led to the launch of the DAB+ system.
285:
110:
47:
3191:"Digital Audio Broadcasting– radio now and for the future"
5809:
5570:. Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. p. 77, fig.44.
5267:"Why DAB sounds so BAD - the UK's digital radio shambles"
3599:"DAB-IP receives the all clear ahead of UK summer launch"
2293:
as used in the neighbouring United States instead of DAB.
1616:
1135:
297:
289:
5756:
ETSI TS 102 563 V1.2.1 (2010-05) Technical Specification
4318:"Rai Radio Director Proposes 2030 FM Shutdown for Italy"
4292:"Rai Radio Director Proposes 2030 FM Shutdown for Italy"
1222:
error decoder to correct a higher proportion of errors.
4093:"Medieprofessor: – Et kritisk øyeblikk for radiomediet"
2606:"£21m analogue radio switch-off plan 'a waste of time'"
1539:
since 2016. DAB is an open standard deposited at ETSI.
1341:
Secondary services, like additional sports commentaries
849:
4378:(in Italian). RAS.bz.it. 17 March 2021. Archived from
3773:"Broadcast Digital Radio Technical Codes and Guidance"
3270:"Digital radio IC makers wrestle with rival standards"
5627:"Antenna Hungária | Digitális rádió műsorszórás"
3081:"DAB Eureka-147: a European vision for digital radio"
2722:"Norway becomes first country to switch off FM radio"
520: DAB no longer used/switched to another standard
288:
in 1997. Pilot broadcasts were launched in 1995: the
198:
has been recommended for small scale transmissions).
1686:, which enables a radiotext of up to 64 characters.
1612:
audio codec to provide high fidelity audio quality.
5750:
ETSI EN 300 401 v1.4.1 – original DAB specification
5597:"T-DAB+ műsorszóró adóhálózat - Magyarország (HNG)"
2664:"Farewell DAB, the radio technology we didn't need"
1838:
Having few digital channels broadcasting in stereo.
1558:Analog FM requires 0.2 MHz per programme. The
1513:in Europe, FM HD Radio uses a codec based upon the
342:
Trials for DAB-IP were held in London in 2006, as "
4948:"Radio: the FM band soon obsolete in Haute-Vienne"
371:For other digital audio broadcasting systems, see
5017:
5015:
4214:"Swiss FM Shutdown Reverts to Original 2024 Date"
1326:Various different services are embedded into one
1249:Using values for Transmission Mode I (TM I), the
7457:
5510:"RTÉ to cease radio transmission on DAB network"
1206:– became a popular ECC scheme in the 1990s, and
565:
5384:For us, DAB+ is 19 times more efficient than FM
2832:
2830:
2311:announced the termination of DAB in April 2011.
2305:announced the termination of DAB in March 2017.
1678:DAB can carry "radiotext" (in DAB terminology,
1543:Use of frequency spectrum and transmitter sites
423:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
5683:"New Zealand | Countries | WorldDAB"
5558:
5556:
5012:
2940:
2938:
2936:
1666:
6379:
5795:
5740:, the global industry forum for digital radio
5534:. Ipsos MRBI. February 2021. pp. 15–18.
5213:"Friends of Radio 3 (FoR3) BBC & R3 News"
5096:. Digitale Utgivelser ved UiO. Archived from
4000:
1265:allows the use of single-frequency networks (
508: Countries with trials and/or regulation
265:project. DAB was the first standard based on
4137:"Last extension of FM licenses by two years"
3810:Group, Andy Finney ATSF for the Digital TV.
2827:
2320:was confined from 2017 to state broadcaster
2235:In 2006 tests began using the much improved
1257:
1242:modulation techniques. For details, see the
242:
7394:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
5553:
5361:
5233:
4766:"No Agreement For FM Switch-Off in Germany"
3520:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3131:"Digital Radio - The Eureka 147 DAB System"
3078:
2933:
2905:"EBU Viewpoint The future of digital radio"
1656:
1130:audio codec, which is often referred to as
605:21 April in Trøndelag and Møre og Romsdal (
7430:
6386:
6372:
5802:
5788:
5562:
5364:"Italy's South Tyrol Begins FM Switch off"
5236:"Ofcom reveals DAB sound quality opinions"
3908:
3480:
1818:and as additional transmitters are built.
1643:at 320 kbit/s, described as 'HD', on
1338:Primary services, like main radio stations
1176:
308:creating affordable receivers such as the
267:orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
224:
97:organisation. The standard is dominant in
5657:"Riksrevisionens rapport om digitalradio"
5397:"Canada • Country Information • WorldDAB"
1629:BBC R&D White Paper WHP 061 June 2003
1491:
1456:Learn how and when to remove this message
1405:
1321:
1002:Learn how and when to remove this message
261:("MP2") codec was created as part of the
5297:
5264:
5148:
5123:
4119:"News SRG schaltet UKW per Ende Jahr ab"
3509:
3476:
3474:
3472:
2774:
2772:
2745:
2743:
2255:
493:
382:
228:
57:
46:
38:
5768:An overview of DAB+ services in Germany
5529:"JNLR report: Radio in a Digital World"
5507:
4870:"Estonia steps closer to digital radio"
3521:Britanak, Vladimir; Rao, K. R. (2017).
3419:Pautler, Emmanuelle (28 January 2019).
3418:
3267:
2803:
2801:
2509:
2507:
1868:
1800:
1071:Mode IV for L-Band, Earth and satellite
14:
7458:
6393:
5077:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5004:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3583:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3312:from the original on 16 September 2021
3253:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1805:
1689:The DAB transmission contains a local
1527:HD Radio is a proprietary system from
1185:The old version of DAB uses punctured
1097:statistical time-division multiplexing
489:
421:coding. DAB+ has been standardised as
6367:
6180:
5783:
5429:from the original on 30 November 2020
5175:
5173:
4720:from the original on 20 December 2022
4694:from the original on 19 December 2022
4324:from the original on 25 December 2022
3909:Trebilcock, Oliver (5 January 2024).
3753:from the original on 3 September 2022
3654:from the original on 3 September 2022
3469:
2921:from the original on 28 November 2020
2769:
2740:
2676:from the original on 3 September 2022
2618:from the original on 3 September 2022
2586:from the original on 3 September 2022
2429:Spectral efficiency: comparison table
2251:
1784:
1766:
1535:since 2015, which is itself owned by
772:receives signals from Denmark, while
502: Countries with regular services
143:The original version of DAB used the
117:are actively running DAB broadcasts.
7440:
5701:"MBIE calls time on DAB Radio trial"
5637:from the original on 11 January 2022
5607:from the original on 5 December 2021
5489:from the original on 23 January 2023
5459:from the original on 27 October 2018
5423:"YLE Closes Down DAB Radio Services"
5091:
4954:from the original on 3 February 2023
4876:from the original on 2 February 2023
4850:from the original on 31 January 2023
4824:from the original on 7 February 2023
4642:from the original on 4 February 2023
4564:from the original on 1 February 2023
4408:from the original on 22 October 2022
4356:from the original on 31 October 2018
4298:from the original on 27 January 2023
4272:from the original on 1 February 2023
4246:from the original on 7 February 2023
4220:from the original on 23 October 2022
4168:from the original on 21 October 2022
4162:"Switzerland FM switch off end 2024"
4099:from the original on 12 January 2017
4073:from the original on 11 January 2017
4043:from the original on 27 January 2017
4013:from the original on 2 February 2023
3935:Ross, Madeleine (25 November 2023).
3934:
3911:"Digital radio switchover explained"
3890:from the original on 2 December 2021
3864:from the original on 4 December 2021
3171:from the original on 16 January 2012
2992:from the original on 6 February 2023
2815:from the original on 21 October 2022
2798:
2786:from the original on 21 October 2022
2757:from the original on 21 October 2022
2702:from the original on 5 February 2023
2560:from the original on 31 October 2018
2538:
2536:
2521:from the original on 13 October 2022
2504:
2466:from the original on 23 October 2022
1731:
1438:adding citations to reliable sources
1409:
1141:The newer DAB+ standard adopted the
984:adding citations to reliable sources
955:
850:Household receiver penetration rates
5746:- Canadian Communication Foundation
5705:NBR | The Authority since 1970
5663:from the original on 2 January 2023
5334:
5279:from the original on 7 January 2022
4746:from the original on 5 January 2023
3203:from the original on 11 August 2017
2966:from the original on 11 August 2017
533:regular or trial DAB(+) broadcasts.
24:
6181:
5170:
5124:Belousov, Dima (4 February 2023).
5094:"Lydkvalitetet i DAB digitalradio"
4798:from the original on 30 March 2023
4616:from the original on 29 March 2023
4590:from the original on 28 March 2023
4538:from the original on 29 March 2023
3791:from the original on 13 April 2014
3609:from the original on 2 August 2021
3141:from the original on 2 August 2021
1777:
1661:
1547:DAB can give substantially higher
1505:The first generation DAB uses the
1330:(which is also typically called a
1167:modified discrete cosine transform
1014:
709:
407:modified discrete cosine transform
333:modified discrete cosine transform
290:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation
25:
7492:
7471:Audiovisual introductions in 1995
5731:
5720:ETSI specifications available at
5577:from the original on 2 March 2021
5541:from the original on 15 July 2021
5516:from the original on 2 March 2021
5316:from the original on 22 June 2023
5193:from the original on 4 March 2009
5136:from the original on 30 June 2023
4986:from the original on 26 June 2023
4928:from the original on 19 June 2023
4902:from the original on 19 June 2023
4668:from the original on 22 June 2023
4434:from the original on 19 June 2023
4194:from the original on 22 June 2023
3975:. 22 October 2022. Archived from
3809:
3648:"New international logo for DAB+"
3628:World DMB forums list of benefits
3457:from the original on 26 June 2023
3431:from the original on 26 June 2023
3400:from the original on 26 June 2023
3370:from the original on 26 June 2023
3338:from the original on 26 June 2023
3280:from the original on 26 June 2023
3235:from the original on 26 June 2023
3060:from the original on 22 June 2023
2876:from the original on 26 June 2023
2850:from the original on 26 June 2023
2533:
2492:from the original on 6 April 2023
1075:
7439:
7429:
7420:
7419:
7408:
7029:Free-space optical communication
6336:
5744:Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
5693:
5675:
5649:
5619:
5589:
5508:Crowley, Sinéad (2 March 2021).
5501:
5471:
5441:
5415:
5389:
5362:Davide Moro (12 December 2017).
5355:
5328:
4772:from the original on 1 June 2023
4240:"Switzerland prepares to cut FM"
4001:RedTech Staff (2 January 2023).
3708:from the original on 15 May 2009
3541:from the original on 1 July 2023
2728:from the original on 4 June 2023
2644:from the original on 1 July 2023
2230:
1825:
1700:
1588:
1414:
1153:audio codecs, commonly known as
960:
5722:ETSI Publications Download Area
5291:
5258:
5227:
5205:
5117:
5085:
5047:
4966:
4940:
4914:
4888:
4862:
4836:
4810:
4784:
4758:
4732:
4706:
4680:
4654:
4628:
4602:
4576:
4550:
4524:
4498:
4472:
4446:
4420:
4394:
4368:
4336:
4310:
4284:
4258:
4232:
4206:
4180:
4154:
4129:
4111:
4085:
4055:
4025:
3994:
3962:
3928:
3902:
3876:
3850:
3803:
3765:
3739:
3720:
3690:
3666:
3640:
3621:
3591:
3553:
3483:IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
3443:
3412:
3382:
3350:
3324:
3292:
3261:
3215:
3183:
3153:
3123:
3072:
3036:
3022:
3004:
2978:
2897:
2888:
2862:
2714:
2370:Digital multimedia broadcasting
1842:
1425:needs additional citations for
1334:). These services can include:
1197:The DAB+ standard incorporates
971:needs additional citations for
472:Digital multimedia broadcasting
467:Digital multimedia broadcasting
354:which were also under testing.
6276:Error detection and correction
5337:"DAB 20 Times Greener Than FM"
4266:"Malta DAB+ current situation"
2688:
2656:
2630:
2598:
2572:
2478:
2452:
1121:
1062:Mode II for L-Band, Earth and
698:
562:, the Flemish media minister.
401:v2 audio codec (also known as
13:
1:
5234:James Welsh (17 April 2007).
4460:(in Swedish). 24 January 2022
3161:"St.meld. nr. 30 (2006-2007)"
3044:"HTTP Post Binding (Request)"
2838:"DAB digital radio worldwide"
2580:"DAB: A very British failure"
2544:"WorldDAB DAB Global Summary"
2446:
1229:
951:
776:receives signals from Norway.
566:FM to DAB(+) radio transition
514: Countries with interest
233:Prototype DAB receiver (1993)
7415:Telecommunication portal
7196:Telecommunications equipment
5563:Mediatique (December 2017).
5298:WorldDAB (29 October 2023).
4349:. WorldDAB. 29 August 2018.
3747:"DAB+ services launch in UK"
3390:"Europe Dials into DAB/DAB+"
2515:"List of Countries with DAB"
2387:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
1529:iBiquity Digital Corporation
1284:
1244:OFDM system comparison table
1126:DAB initially only used the
841:region in southwest-central
245:Institut für Rundfunktechnik
205:digital radio standards are
91:digital audio radio services
7:
6932:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
6349:Comparison of radio systems
5265:Techmoan (7 January 2022).
4402:"DAB+ Situation in Denmark"
2957:European Broadcasting Union
2365:Digital audio radio service
2358:
1877:
1667:Improved features for users
405:) was adopted. AAC+ uses a
10:
7497:
6636:Telecommunications history
6322:International broadcasting
6291:FM extended band in Brazil
5714:
4428:"DAB+ Situation in Sweden"
1715:system spectral efficiency
1592:
1569:system spectral efficiency
1348:Electronic Programme Guide
1289:An ensemble has a maximum
1138:(MPEG-1 Audio Layer III).
1134:because of the ubiquitous
1047:Mode I for Band III, Earth
715:The small island country,
524:
464:
413:audio format and stronger
370:
73:Digital Audio Broadcasting
29:
7403:
7345:
7282:
7244:Public Switched Telephone
7204:
7168:
7125:
7066:
7056:telecommunication circuit
7017:Fiber-optic communication
7000:
6762:Francis Blake (telephone)
6709:
6557:Optical telecommunication
6401:
6330:
6309:
6248:
6208:
6187:
6176:
6132:
6089:
6059:
6023:
5988:
5981:
5933:
5862:
5831:
5824:
4558:"Regulation and Spectrum"
3527:. Springer. p. 478.
3394:www.strategyanalytics.com
1744:, which afflict existing
1258:Single-frequency networks
570:
346:Movio". It competed with
323:audio codec and stronger
7155:Orbital angular-momentum
6592:Satellite communications
6431:Communications satellite
4063:"Slik slukkes FM-nettet"
3268:EETimes (5 April 2002).
3097:10.1177/1461444808099578
1849:single-frequency network
1707:link spectral efficiency
1657:Strengths and weaknesses
7034:Molecular communication
6857:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
6686:Undersea telegraph line
6421:Cable protection system
6301:Shortwave relay station
6200:Audio signal processing
5762:DAB Ensembles Worldwide
3698:"Settings and stations"
3633:17 October 2007 at the
3503:10.1109/MSP.2008.918684
3085:New Media & Society
3079:O'Neill, Brian (2009).
1816:error correction coding
1812:error correction coding
1565:co-channel interference
1177:Error-correction coding
1109:error-correction coding
1023:(174–240 MHz) and
527:Countries using DAB/DMB
415:error correction coding
378:
325:error correction coding
225:History and development
7176:Communication protocol
6962:Charles Sumner Tainter
6777:Walter Houser Brattain
6722:Edwin Howard Armstrong
6530:Information revolution
6195:Audio data compression
2376:Digital Radio Mondiale
2299:abandoned DAB in 2005.
2269:
1755:Due to sensitivity to
1632:
1578:
1492:FM HD Radio versus DAB
1406:DAB and AM/FM compared
1322:Services and ensembles
1031:. The US military has
837:, a department in the
522:
460:
388:
337:audio data compression
243:
234:
69:
55:
44:
27:Digital radio standard
7150:Polarization-division
6882:Narinder Singh Kapany
6847:Erna Schneider Hoover
6767:Jagadish Chandra Bose
6747:Alexander Graham Bell
6478:online video platform
6296:Multipath propagation
6119:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
5989:Frequency allocations
5864:Frequency allocations
5483:www.mundodaradio.info
5130:www.crunchreviews.com
5092:Holm, Sverre (2007).
4512:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
2959:: 2–27. Autumn 1995.
2403:Internet radio device
2259:
1761:multipath propagation
1680:Dynamic Label Segment
1621:
1553:
1507:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1361:(known as 'broadcast
1204:"concatenated coding"
1128:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1101:frame synchronization
531:55 countries provide
497:
442:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
386:
329:audio coding standard
315:In October 2005, the
259:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
232:
61:
50:
42:
7476:Norwegian inventions
6992:Vladimir K. Zworykin
6952:Almon Brown Strowger
6922:Charles Grafton Page
6577:Prepaid mobile phone
6505:Electrical telegraph
6249:Technical (emission)
5425:. 23 February 2005.
4924:. 25 December 2022.
4898:. 25 December 2022.
4872:. 25 December 2022.
4846:. 25 December 2022.
4794:. 25 December 2022.
4768:. 25 December 2022.
4716:. 19 December 2022.
4690:. 19 December 2022.
4638:. 28 November 2022.
4320:. 25 December 2022.
4294:. 25 December 2022.
4268:. 25 December 2022.
4242:. 28 December 2022.
3733:8 March 2008 at the
2953:EBU Technical Review
2434:Ultra high frequency
1801:Disadvantages of DAB
1778:§ Audio quality
1759:in combination with
1434:improve this article
1187:convolutional coding
1091:. Below that is the
980:improve this article
101:and is also used in
68:branded DAB receiver
6942:Johann Philipp Reis
6701:Wireless revolution
6663:The Telephone Cases
6520:Hydraulic telegraph
5773:1 June 2019 at the
5659:. 14 October 2015.
5403:on 10 November 2018
5374:on 16 December 2017
5035:on 28 November 2007
4896:"Estonia DAB+ News"
4820:. 14 January 2023.
4664:. 16 January 2023.
4612:. 24 October 2022.
4586:. 24 October 2022.
4560:. 24 October 2022.
4534:. 24 October 2022.
4430:. 22 October 2022.
4404:. 22 October 2022.
4216:. 23 October 2022.
4190:. 23 October 2022.
4164:. 23 October 2022.
4095:. 11 January 2017.
3749:. 28 January 2016.
3702:dab-digitalradio.ch
3650:. 18 October 2018.
3603:www.commsupdate.com
3573:on 18 October 2021.
3495:2008ISPM...25..137H
3300:"DAB digital radio"
2988:. 4 December 2022.
2811:. 21 October 2022.
2782:. 21 October 2022.
2753:. 21 October 2022.
2724:. 23 October 2022.
2698:. 23 October 2022.
2517:. 23 October 2022.
2488:. 23 October 2022.
2462:. 23 October 2022.
2440:Very high frequency
2262:"AA" size batteries
1549:spectral efficiency
1216:Forney interleaving
733:"The government of
537:spectrum management
490:Countries using DAB
425:(ETSI) TS 102 563.
7140:Frequency-division
7117:Telephone exchange
6987:Charles Wheatstone
6917:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
6892:Innocenzo Manzetti
6827:Reginald Fessenden
6562:Optical telegraphy
6395:Telecommunications
5343:on 13 October 2016
5223:on 6 October 2008.
5160:david.robinson.org
4950:. 9 January 2023.
4742:. 5 January 2023.
3982:on 19 January 2022
3842:has generic name (
2553:. 29 August 2018.
2270:
2252:Power requirements
1894:(% of population)
1869:Transmission costs
1785:Transmission costs
1781:for more details.
1767:Variable bandwidth
1556:Numerical example:
1531:, a subsidiary of
1089:presentation layer
865:(% of households)
839:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
821:the Czech Republic
523:
430:forward compatible
389:
235:
217:, and the related
188:digital broadcasts
161:forward compatible
105:, and in parts of
70:
56:
51:Official DAB logo
45:
43:Official DAB+ logo
7453:
7452:
7191:Store and forward
7186:Data transmission
7100:Network switching
7051:Transmission line
6897:Guglielmo Marconi
6862:Internet pioneers
6727:Mohamed M. Atalla
6696:Whistled language
6361:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6281:FM broadcast band
6188:Technical (audio)
6085:
6084:
5977:
5976:
5601:www.frekvencia.hu
5335:Garfors, Gunnar.
4382:on 27 August 2021
4069:. 20 April 2015.
3886:. December 2021.
3784:. 11 April 2014.
2640:. 20 March 2018.
2486:"DAB/DAB+ RADIOS"
2228:
2227:
1806:Reception quality
1732:Reception quality
1645:BBC Radio iPlayer
1537:Xperi Corporation
1466:
1465:
1458:
1302:of approximately
1012:
1011:
1004:
949:
948:
54:
16:(Redirected from
7488:
7481:Swiss inventions
7443:
7442:
7433:
7432:
7423:
7422:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7284:Notable networks
7274:Wireless network
7214:Cellular network
7206:Types of network
7181:Computer network
7068:Network topology
6982:Thomas A. Watson
6837:Oliver Heaviside
6822:Philo Farnsworth
6797:Daniel Davis Jr.
6772:Charles Bourseul
6732:John Logie Baird
6441:Data compression
6436:Computer network
6388:
6381:
6374:
6365:
6364:
6343:Radio portal
6341:
6340:
6339:
6317:History of radio
6261:AM expanded band
6178:
6177:
6061:Commercial radio
5986:
5985:
5829:
5828:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5709:
5708:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5687:www.worlddab.org
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5576:
5569:
5560:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5399:. Archived from
5393:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5370:. Archived from
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5339:. Archived from
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5304:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5242:. Archived from
5231:
5225:
5224:
5219:. Archived from
5209:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5185:
5177:
5168:
5167:
5162:. Archived from
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5068:
5067:on 25 June 2022.
5066:
5060:. Archived from
5059:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5034:
5028:. Archived from
5027:
5019:
5010:
5009:
5003:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4348:
4344:"Global Summary"
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3818:on 18 March 2016
3814:. Archived from
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3743:
3737:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3686:on 27 June 2013.
3685:
3679:. Archived from
3678:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3644:
3638:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3572:
3566:. Archived from
3565:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3518:
3507:
3506:
3478:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3304:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3107:. Archived from
3091:(1–2): 261–278.
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3018:. 19 April 2017.
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2950:
2942:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2548:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
1886:
1885:
1847:The nature of a
1630:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1418:
1410:
1375:of a suspect or
1317:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1296:error correction
1212:byte interleaver
1149:, including its
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
987:
964:
956:
857:
856:
664:20 September in
644:Sogn og Fjordane
519:
513:
507:
501:
434:firmware upgrade
248:
52:
21:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7409:
7407:
7399:
7341:
7278:
7200:
7164:
7121:
7070:
7062:
7003:
6996:
6902:Robert Metcalfe
6757:Tim Berners-Lee
6705:
6525:Information Age
6397:
6392:
6362:
6353:
6337:
6335:
6326:
6305:
6286:FM broadcasting
6256:AM broadcasting
6244:
6204:
6183:
6172:
6128:
6081:
6055:
6024:Digital systems
6019:
6004:
5973:
5934:Digital systems
5929:
5858:
5820:
5808:
5775:Wayback Machine
5734:
5717:
5712:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5610:
5608:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5561:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5527:
5519:
5517:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5490:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5462:
5460:
5453:www.info.gov.hk
5447:
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5377:
5375:
5360:
5356:
5346:
5344:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5263:
5259:
5249:
5247:
5232:
5228:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5171:
5166:on 8 July 2008.
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5122:
5118:
5103:
5101:
5090:
5086:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5057:
5055:"Archived copy"
5053:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5013:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4974:"Archived copy"
4972:
4971:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4915:
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4903:
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4893:
4889:
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4759:
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4723:
4721:
4712:
4711:
4707:
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4671:
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4582:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4480:"Radio dækning"
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4426:
4425:
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4264:
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4212:
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4207:
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4171:
4169:
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4159:
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4145:
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4117:
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4112:
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4091:
4090:
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4074:
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4044:
4031:
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4026:
4016:
4014:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3860:. August 2021.
3856:
3855:
3851:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3819:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3735:Wayback Machine
3729:, worlddab.org
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3683:
3676:
3674:"Press release"
3672:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3635:Wayback Machine
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3561:"Archived copy"
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3535:
3519:
3510:
3479:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3266:
3262:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:"Archived copy"
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3167:. 11 May 2007.
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3046:
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3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3010:
3009:
3005:
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2984:
2983:
2979:
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2944:
2943:
2934:
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2907:
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2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2868:
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2847:
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2828:
2818:
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2807:
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2799:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2669:The Irish Times
2662:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2614:. 2 July 2012.
2611:TheGuardian.com
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2425:satellite radio
2413:Satellite radio
2361:
2279:
2254:
2233:
1893:
1880:
1871:
1845:
1828:
1808:
1803:
1787:
1769:
1734:
1726:Southern Norway
1703:
1695:Daylight Saving
1669:
1664:
1662:Benefits of DAB
1659:
1631:
1628:
1597:
1591:
1560:frequency reuse
1545:
1494:
1462:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1431:
1419:
1408:
1353:Collections of
1324:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1287:
1260:
1232:
1179:
1124:
1103:. Finally, the
1095:, in charge of
1093:data link layer
1078:
1017:
1015:Bands and modes
1008:
997:
991:
988:
977:
965:
954:
864:
852:
712:
710:Other countries
701:
686:13 December in
596:Møre og Romsdal
573:
568:
529:
521:
517:
515:
511:
509:
505:
503:
499:
492:
469:
463:
417:in the form of
381:
376:
317:World DMB Forum
227:
155:which uses the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7437:
7427:
7417:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7355:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7210:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7135:Space-division
7131:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7014:
7008:
7006:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6972:Camille Tissot
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6947:Claude Shannon
6944:
6939:
6937:Tivadar Puskás
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6907:Antonio Meucci
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6877:Charles K. Kao
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6852:Harold Hopkins
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6752:Emile Berliner
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6691:Videotelephony
6688:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6666:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6594:
6589:
6587:Radiotelephone
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:Internet video
6465:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6407:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6391:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6368:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6235:Kahn-Hazeltine
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:Related topics
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6066:
6064:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5899:
5889:
5879:
5868:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5807:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5733:
5732:External links
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5707:. 4 June 2018.
5692:
5674:
5648:
5618:
5588:
5552:
5500:
5470:
5440:
5414:
5388:
5354:
5327:
5290:
5257:
5226:
5204:
5169:
5147:
5116:
5084:
5046:
5023:"Worlddab.org"
5011:
4965:
4939:
4913:
4887:
4861:
4835:
4809:
4783:
4757:
4731:
4705:
4679:
4653:
4627:
4601:
4575:
4549:
4523:
4497:
4471:
4445:
4419:
4393:
4367:
4335:
4309:
4283:
4257:
4231:
4205:
4179:
4153:
4128:
4110:
4084:
4054:
4024:
3993:
3961:
3927:
3901:
3875:
3849:
3802:
3764:
3738:
3719:
3689:
3665:
3639:
3637:, worlddab.org
3620:
3590:
3552:
3533:
3508:
3489:(3): 137–142.
3468:
3442:
3411:
3381:
3358:"Presentation"
3349:
3323:
3291:
3260:
3214:
3182:
3165:Regjeringen.no
3152:
3137:. April 1998.
3122:
3111:on 14 May 2010
3071:
3035:
3032:. 3 June 2014.
3021:
3003:
2977:
2932:
2896:
2887:
2861:
2826:
2797:
2768:
2739:
2713:
2687:
2655:
2629:
2597:
2571:
2532:
2503:
2477:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2329:
2318:DAB in Ireland
2315:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2278:
2275:
2253:
2250:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1990:Czech Republic
1986:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1970:United Kingdom
1966:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1786:
1783:
1768:
1765:
1733:
1730:
1711:reuse distance
1702:
1699:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1626:
1590:
1587:
1544:
1541:
1493:
1490:
1464:
1463:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:Other raw data
1397:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1366:
1359:digital images
1351:
1344:Data services
1342:
1339:
1323:
1320:
1286:
1283:
1259:
1256:
1231:
1228:
1178:
1175:
1165:. AAC+ uses a
1123:
1120:
1105:physical layer
1085:protocol stack
1077:
1076:Protocol stack
1074:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
968:
966:
959:
953:
950:
947:
946:
943:
937:
936:
933:
927:
926:
923:
917:
916:
913:
907:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
891:United Kingdom
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
867:
866:
861:
851:
848:
847:
846:
831:
824:
817:
811:
805:
798:
791:
784:
781:United Kingdom
777:
738:
731:
720:
711:
708:
700:
697:
696:
695:
684:
681:
662:
659:
640:
637:
618:
603:
590:8 February in
588:
583:11 January in
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:Benjamin Dalle
548:European Union
525:Main article:
516:
510:
504:
498:
491:
488:
465:Main article:
462:
459:
428:As DAB is not
380:
377:
359:United Kingdom
278:United Kingdom
251:European Union
226:
223:
113:; as of 2022,
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7493:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7466:Digital radio
7464:
7463:
7461:
7446:
7438:
7436:
7428:
7426:
7418:
7416:
7406:
7405:
7402:
7395:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7344:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7160:Code-division
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7145:Time-division
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:and switching
7069:
7065:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7022:optical fiber
7020:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7012:Coaxial cable
7010:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6927:Radia Perlman
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6817:Lee de Forest
6815:
6813:
6812:Thomas Edison
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Donald Davies
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6787:Claude Chappe
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:Smoke signals
6629:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6609:Semiconductor
6607:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6547:
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6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6468:Digital media
6466:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6389:
6384:
6382:
6377:
6375:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6271:Digital radio
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5815:digital audio
5812:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5791:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5706:
5702:
5696:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5557:
5537:
5530:
5515:
5511:
5504:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5385:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5261:
5246:on 9 May 2010
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5189:
5186:. BBC.co.uk.
5182:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5100:on 1 May 2008
5099:
5095:
5088:
5080:
5074:
5063:
5056:
5050:
5031:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5007:
5001:
4982:
4975:
4969:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4037:New Scientist
4034:
4028:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:The Telegraph
3938:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3845:
3833:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3768:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3586:
3580:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3540:
3536:
3534:9783319610801
3530:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3366:
3359:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2891:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2846:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2756:
2752:
2751:"Switzerland"
2746:
2744:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:Compatibility
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:Audio quality
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:Doppler shift
1753:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:More stations
1698:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1589:Sound quality
1586:
1583:
1582:shadow fading
1577:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1423:This section
1421:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:Java platform
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1301:
1300:ECC code rate
1297:
1292:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:contains the
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1006:
1003:
995:
985:
981:
975:
974:
969:This section
967:
963:
958:
957:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
932:
929:
928:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
869:
868:
862:
859:
858:
855:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
825:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
721:
718:
714:
713:
707:
705:
693:
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496:
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477:
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455:
454:Sound Digital
450:
445:
443:
437:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:MPEG Surround
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:Old DAB+ logo
385:
374:
373:Digital radio
369:
366:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
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318:
313:
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303:
302:Swedish Radio
299:
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82:
81:digital radio
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33:
32:Digital radio
19:
7127:Multiplexing
7002:Transmission
6967:Nikola Tesla
6957:Henry Sutton
6912:Samuel Morse
6842:Robert Hooke
6807:Amos Dolbear
6742:John Bardeen
6661:
6641:Telautograph
6545:Mobile phone
6500:Edholm's law
6483:social media
6416:Broadcasting
6334:
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5818:broadcasting
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4922:"Digiraadio"
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4156:
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4141:www.admin.ch
4140:
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3805:
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3282:. Retrieved
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3263:
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3217:
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3109:the original
3088:
3084:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3050:
3038:
3024:
3016:The Guardian
3015:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2980:
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2952:
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2911:
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2788:. Retrieved
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2730:. Retrieved
2716:
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2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2667:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2609:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2551:worlddab.org
2550:
2523:. Retrieved
2494:. Retrieved
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2454:
2280:
2271:
2234:
1881:
1872:
1863:Time signals
1861:
1846:
1843:Signal delay
1829:
1820:
1809:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1742:signal noise
1735:
1723:
1704:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1652:
1649:
1633:
1622:
1614:
1610:MPEG Layer 2
1598:
1579:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1526:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1482:DAB ensemble
1478:multiplexing
1467:
1452:
1443:
1432:Please help
1427:verification
1424:
1390:applications
1325:
1288:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1248:
1233:
1224:
1220:Reed–Solomon
1214:rather than
1199:Reed–Solomon
1196:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1079:
1055:Former modes
1050:
1040:Current mode
1018:
998:
989:
978:Please help
973:verification
970:
854:As of 2021:
853:
835:Haute-Vienne
702:
620:26 April in
578:
574:
552:
545:
540:
530:
485:
470:
446:
438:
427:
419:Reed–Solomon
393:
390:
367:
356:
341:
314:
306:
294:NRK Klassisk
272:A choice of
271:
238:
236:
200:
166:
152:
142:
119:
115:55 countries
88:broadcasting
76:
72:
71:
63:
53:(1990s—2018)
36:
7327:NPL network
7039:Radio waves
6977:Alfred Vail
6887:Hedy Lamarr
6872:Dawon Kahng
6832:Elisha Gray
6792:Yogen Dalal
6717:Nasir Ahmed
6651:Teleprinter
6515:Heliographs
6266:Cable radio
6209:Technical (
5969:DVB-T2 Lite
5825:Terrestrial
5463:10 November
5407:10 November
5378:18 December
5368:Radio World
5250:26 November
5240:Digital Spy
5039:17 November
4486:(in Danish)
3840:|last=
3757:3 September
3658:3 September
3425:Radio World
3135:BBC R&D
3115:11 December
3051:tech.ebu.ch
2680:3 September
2648:3 September
2622:3 September
2590:3 September
2382:DVB-T2 Lite
2352:New Zealand
2268:not shown).
2167:Montenegro
2020:South Korea
2000:Netherlands
1950:Switzerland
1740:fading and
1691:time of day
1595:MP2 quality
1122:Audio codec
863:Penetration
795:Netherlands
770:Helsingborg
699:Switzerland
694:(all radio)
642:21 June in
615:local radio
611:Radio Norge
587:(all radio)
327:. The AAC+
296:), and the
274:audio codec
203:terrestrial
134:Switzerland
7460:Categories
7373:Antarctica
7332:Toasternet
7254:Television
6737:Paul Baran
6669:Television
6653:(teletype)
6646:Telegraphy
6624:transistor
6602:Phryctoria
6572:Photophone
6550:Smartphone
6540:Mass media
6148:DirectBand
6134:Subcarrier
5836:modulation
5758:, etsi.org
5752:, etsi.org
5641:11 January
5611:11 January
4360:31 October
4172:21 October
4146:3 November
4103:11 January
4077:11 January
4047:11 January
3986:22 October
3954:15 January
3920:15 January
3894:5 December
3868:5 December
3712:6 December
3545:24 October
3207:14 January
2970:14 January
2819:21 October
2790:21 October
2761:21 October
2564:31 October
2525:16 October
2447:References
2266:headphones
2239:codec for
2221:Indonesia
2150:Azerbaijan
1835:examples).
1593:See also:
1524:standard.
1395:tunnelling
1369:Slideshows
1357:pages and
1278:gap-filler
1276:Low power
1230:Modulation
1116:modulation
952:Technology
728:Alto Adige
558:commented
480:MPEG 4 AVC
474:(DMB) and
310:Pure Evoke
239:Eureka-147
7357:Americas
7346:Locations
7317:Internet2
7078:Bandwidth
6782:Vint Cerf
6679:streaming
6657:Telephone
6597:Semaphore
6488:streaming
6211:AM stereo
6070:Sirius XM
6063:providers
5982:Satellite
5283:7 January
5112:Norwegian
5104:3 January
4506:"Dekning"
4458:Radiologi
4386:27 August
3949:0307-1235
2809:"Belgium"
2423:Sirius XM
2322:RTÉ Radio
2303:Hong Kong
2185:Thailand
2121:Slovakia
2104:Australia
2010:Gibraltar
1748:systems.
1738:multipath
1605:multipath
1533:DTS, Inc.
1446:June 2023
1332:multiplex
1285:Bit rates
1192:code rate
1151:version 2
1082:OSI model
1064:satellite
992:June 2023
881:Australia
774:Strömstad
746:Stockholm
648:Hordaland
600:NRK Radio
592:Trøndelag
361:(UK) and
181:multipath
157:HE-AAC v2
122:receivers
103:Australia
18:DAB radio
7425:Category
7312:Internet
7302:CYCLADES
7219:Ethernet
7169:Concepts
7093:terminal
7044:wireless
6867:Bob Kahn
6710:Pioneers
6535:Internet
6426:Cable TV
6310:Cultural
6240:Magnavox
6213:formats)
6163:SCA/SCMO
6158:RDS/RBDS
5961:HD Radio
5951:DRM/DRM+
5946:DAB/DAB+
5771:Archived
5738:WorldDAB
5661:Archived
5635:Archived
5605:Archived
5572:Archived
5536:Archived
5514:Archived
5487:Archived
5457:Archived
5433:21 April
5427:Archived
5311:Archived
5277:Archived
5217:for3.org
5188:Archived
5134:Archived
5073:cite web
5000:cite web
4981:Archived
4952:Archived
4926:Archived
4900:Archived
4874:Archived
4848:Archived
4822:Archived
4796:Archived
4770:Archived
4744:Archived
4718:Archived
4692:Archived
4666:Archived
4640:Archived
4614:Archived
4588:Archived
4562:Archived
4536:Archived
4516:9 August
4510:Radio.no
4490:9 August
4464:9 August
4432:Archived
4406:Archived
4351:Archived
4322:Archived
4296:Archived
4270:Archived
4244:Archived
4218:Archived
4192:Archived
4166:Archived
4097:Archived
4071:Archived
4041:Archived
4011:Archived
3888:Archived
3862:Archived
3832:cite web
3822:26 March
3795:12 April
3786:Archived
3751:Archived
3731:Archived
3706:Archived
3652:Archived
3631:Archived
3613:2 August
3607:Archived
3579:cite web
3539:Archived
3455:Archived
3429:Archived
3398:Archived
3365:Archived
3336:Archived
3307:Archived
3278:Archived
3274:EE Times
3249:cite web
3230:Archived
3198:Archived
3169:Archived
3145:2 August
3139:Archived
3105:44483024
3055:Archived
2990:Archived
2961:Archived
2916:Archived
2874:Archived
2845:Archived
2813:Archived
2784:Archived
2780:"Poland"
2755:Archived
2726:Archived
2700:Archived
2674:Archived
2642:Archived
2616:Archived
2584:Archived
2555:Archived
2519:Archived
2490:Archived
2464:Archived
2398:HD Radio
2359:See also
2309:Portugal
2291:HD Radio
2193:Algeria
2113:Estonia
2056:Slovenia
2037:Croatia
1892:Coverage
1889:Country
1878:Coverage
1746:analogue
1627:—
1601:fidelity
1499:HD Radio
1379:footage.
1363:websites
1328:ensemble
1291:bit rate
1080:From an
1033:reserved
1021:Band III
860:Country
754:Göteborg
752:region,
692:Finnmark
678:Akershus
670:Vestfold
652:Rogaland
626:Buskerud
622:Telemark
585:Nordland
395:WorldDAB
352:MediaFLO
207:HD Radio
201:Similar
169:analogue
136:and the
95:WorldDAB
84:standard
7445:Commons
7435:Outline
7388:Oceania
7307:FidoNet
7292:ARPANET
7105:circuit
6674:digital
6403:History
6136:signals
6104:AMR-WB+
5956:FMeXtra
5715:General
5631:ahrt.hu
5581:2 March
5545:2 March
5520:2 March
5347:21 June
5272:YouTube
5140:30 June
4484:Dækning
4376:"Radio"
4017:25 June
4007:RedTech
3491:Bibcode
3435:26 June
3404:26 June
3284:26 June
2955:(265).
2925:6 March
2393:FMeXtra
2338:Romania
2332:Hungary
2297:Finland
2202:Ukraine
2159:Turkey
2084:Tunisia
2075:Serbia
2066:Austria
1980:Belgium
1960:Germany
1930:Denmark
1636:Radio 3
1316:
1304:
1163:aacPlus
921:Belgium
911:Denmark
901:Germany
828:Estonia
814:Germany
808:Moldova
801:Belgium
793:In the
779:In the
750:Uppsala
735:Denmark
704:SRG SSR
666:Østfold
634:Oppland
630:Hedmark
555:Belgium
546:In the
363:Denmark
335:(MDCT)
331:uses a
211:ISDB-Tb
79:) is a
7383:Europe
7353:Africa
7337:Usenet
7297:BITNET
7234:Mobile
7110:packet
6619:MOSFET
6614:device
6411:Beacon
6230:Harris
6225:C-QUAM
6114:HE-AAC
6091:Codecs
6075:Canada
6041:DVB-SH
6015:S band
6010:L band
5996:C band
5920:L band
5811:Analog
5667:1 July
5493:1 July
5320:1 July
4990:1 July
4958:1 July
4932:1 July
4906:1 July
4880:1 July
4854:1 July
4828:1 July
4802:1 July
4776:1 July
4750:1 July
4724:1 July
4698:1 July
4672:1 July
4646:1 July
4620:1 July
4594:1 July
4568:1 July
4542:1 July
4438:1 July
4412:1 July
4328:1 July
4302:1 July
4276:1 July
4250:1 July
4224:1 July
4198:1 July
3947:
3915:Which?
3531:
3461:1 July
3374:1 July
3342:1 July
3316:1 July
3239:1 July
3175:22 May
3103:
3064:1 July
2996:1 July
2912:ebu.ch
2880:1 July
2854:1 July
2732:1 July
2706:1 July
2496:1 July
2470:1 July
2345:Sweden
2286:Canada
2237:HE-AAC
2212:Greece
2140:France
2130:Sweden
2094:Poland
2029:Qatar
1940:Norway
1920:Monaco
1900:Kuwait
1515:MPEG-4
1147:HE-AAC
1143:LC-AAC
1025:L band
931:France
871:Norway
843:France
788:Poland
764:, and
742:Sweden
571:Norway
518:
512:
506:
500:
476:DAB-IP
399:HE-AAC
255:EUREKA
184:fading
147:audio
130:Norway
107:Africa
99:Europe
7366:South
7361:North
7322:JANET
7259:Telex
7249:Radio
7088:Nodes
7083:Links
7004:media
6582:Radio
6567:Pager
6495:Drums
6461:video
6456:image
6446:audio
6220:Belar
6046:S-DMB
6036:DAB-S
5941:CAM-D
5854:COFDM
5833:Radio
5575:(PDF)
5568:(PDF)
5539:(PDF)
5532:(PDF)
5314:(PDF)
5303:(PDF)
5197:8 May
5191:(PDF)
5184:(PDF)
5065:(PDF)
5058:(PDF)
5033:(PDF)
5026:(PDF)
4984:(PDF)
4977:(PDF)
4454:"DAB"
4354:(PDF)
4347:(PDF)
3980:(PDF)
3973:(PDF)
3789:(PDF)
3781:Ofcom
3776:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
3677:(PDF)
3571:(PDF)
3564:(PDF)
3368:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3310:(PDF)
3303:(PDF)
3233:(PDF)
3226:(PDF)
3201:(PDF)
3194:(PDF)
3101:S2CID
3058:(PDF)
3047:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2949:(PDF)
2919:(PDF)
2908:(PDF)
2848:(PDF)
2841:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2547:(PDF)
2442:(VHF)
2436:(UHF)
2389:(SDR)
2378:(DRM)
2372:(DMB)
2176:Spain
2046:Italy
1974:97.3
1954:99.5
1944:99.7
1934:99.9
1910:Malta
1511:T-DMB
1383:Video
1373:e-fit
1350:(EPG)
1240:DQPSK
941:Italy
885:68.5
766:Piteå
762:Luleå
758:Malmö
724:Italy
717:Malta
688:Troms
680:(NRK)
658:(NRK)
656:Agder
636:(NRK)
541:T-DAB
449:Ofcom
403:eAAC+
348:DVB-H
282:ITU-R
263:EU147
192:green
177:noise
149:codec
7378:Asia
7264:UUCP
7224:ISDN
6168:DARC
6143:AMSS
6124:DRA+
6005:band
5914:high
5813:and
5669:2023
5643:2022
5613:2022
5583:2021
5547:2021
5522:2021
5495:2023
5465:2018
5435:2020
5409:2018
5380:2017
5349:2012
5322:2023
5285:2022
5252:2009
5199:2007
5142:2023
5106:2009
5079:link
5041:2007
5006:link
4992:2023
4960:2023
4934:2023
4908:2023
4882:2023
4856:2023
4830:2023
4804:2023
4778:2023
4752:2023
4726:2023
4700:2023
4674:2023
4648:2023
4622:2023
4596:2023
4570:2023
4544:2023
4518:2023
4492:2023
4466:2023
4440:2023
4414:2023
4388:2021
4362:2018
4330:2023
4304:2023
4278:2023
4252:2023
4226:2023
4200:2023
4174:2022
4148:2023
4105:2017
4079:2017
4049:2017
4019:2023
3988:2022
3956:2024
3945:ISSN
3922:2024
3896:2021
3870:2021
3844:help
3824:2016
3797:2014
3759:2022
3714:2008
3660:2022
3615:2021
3585:link
3547:2019
3529:ISBN
3463:2023
3437:2023
3406:2023
3376:2023
3344:2023
3318:2023
3286:2023
3255:link
3241:2023
3209:2022
3177:2011
3147:2021
3117:2009
3066:2023
2998:2023
2972:2022
2927:2020
2882:2023
2856:2023
2821:2022
2792:2022
2763:2022
2734:2023
2708:2023
2682:2022
2650:2022
2624:2022
2592:2022
2566:2018
2527:2019
2498:2023
2472:2023
2408:ISDB
2326:DAB+
2241:DAB+
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