1217:
every and during writing, to allow for small differences between discs and drives. This process is known as a power test. Calibration during writing allows for small changes in quality between different sections of the disc, such as slightly different optical properties, impurities or dye layer thickness in either the plastic or dye. The results of the power tests are stored in a
Recording Management Area (RMA), which can hold up to 7,088 calibrations (in DVD-R). The disc can not be written to after the RMA becomes full, although it may be emptied in RW discs. CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD+RW and DVD-R all have a PCA. CDs (and possibly DVDs) may also have two PCAs: one on the inner edge of the disc, for low speed testing, and another on the outer edge for high speed testing.
961:
theory to improve the timing. The issue was that it was not clear that such a signal would not affect the data itself. It was an insight by David (Dave) Towner, an optical engineer attached to the project, that the detection modes for the wobble and the data (how they added or differenced the regions on the optical detector), would themselves provide enough common mode rejection to separate the signals. At this point, the notion of high frequency wobbles was born. Much of the team's effort after that was to prove out this concept, which led to the fundamental patent for the format by
Abramovitch and Towner (US Patent # 6046968, filed July 24, 1997, issued April 4, 2000), entitled
971:
scheduled for development at the Boise facility. In 2000, HP was under the direction of new CEO Carly
Fiorina, and the division, under new cost constraints, chose to abandon the manufacture of any new optical drives. However, since HP owned the fundamental patent above, they could receive licensing fees for the patent itself and pursued several expansions of the patent in US Patent # 7701836 (Issued April 20, 2010). There was also US Patent # RE41881 (Reissued October 26, 2010), a reissue of US Patent # 6046968 with expanded claims. Finally, there was US Patent # RE43788 (Issued November 6, 2012), a second reissue of Patent # 6046968 with more claims.
1892:
compatibility with the compact disc standard geometry which requires a total disc thickness of about 1.2 mm. The sandwich structure also helps protect the layer containing data from scratches with a thick "dummy" disc, a problem with CDs, which lack that structure. Double-sided discs have two grooved, recordable disc sides, and require the user to flip the disc to access the other side. Compared to a CD's 1.2 mm thickness, a DVD's laser beam only has to penetrate 0.6 mm of plastic in order to reach the dye recording layer, which allows the lens to focus the beam to a smaller spot size to write smaller pits.
952:
accidentally overwriting any of the other sectors. DVD-ROM disks, being mastered with a continuous stream of data, had no need for edit gaps. In fact, makers of pre-recorded DVD media were quite cool to the idea of users being able to use this format for their own recordings. HP saw this as an opportunity to enter the business, but solving the lack of edit gaps was the key problem. In early 1996, HP exited the hard disk drive business, and two HPL engineers, Daniel (Danny) Abramovitch and Terril Hurst, were moved onto the rewritable DVD project. Danny was (and is) a servo engineer with an interest in timing loops (a.k.a.
982:
1120:. The rewritable DVD+RW standard was formalized earlier than the non-rewritable DVD+R (the opposite was true with the DVD- formats). Although credit for developing the standard is often attributed to Philips, the fundamental work was done by a team at Hewlett-Packard Labs (HPL). It was "finalized" in 1997 by the DVD+RW Alliance once the fundamental patent (US Patent # 6046968) had been filed by the HPL team. It was then abandoned until 2001, when it was heavily revised (in particular, the capacity increased from 2.8 GB to 4.7GB).
1213:(ADIP) system of tracking and speed control is less susceptible to interference and error, which makes the ADIP system more accurate at higher speeds than the land pre pit (LPP) system used by DVD-R. In addition, DVD+R(W) has a more robust error-management system than DVD-R(W), allowing for more accurate burning to media, independent of the quality of the media. The practical upshot is that a DVD+R writer is able to locate data on the disc to byte accuracy whereas DVD-R is incapable of such precision.
745:
785:
886:
50:
768:, where it is advantageous to have a rewritable format capable of digital video data speeds, while being removable, small, and relatively inexpensive. Another benefit to using a rewritable disc is if the burning process produces errors or corrupted data, it can simply be written over again to correct the error, or the corrupted data can be erased. This is also useful for testing
1243:
useful in applications that require quick revisions and rewriting. It can only be read in drives that are DVD-RAM compatible, which all multi-format drives are. DVD Forum backs this format. It uses physical dedicated sector markers (visible as rectangles on the read side of the disc) instead of the pre-pits or wobbles used in other types of recordable and rewritable media.
31:
948:
the negotiations that resulted in the compromise format for DVD-ROM (prerecorded media) between the DVD Forum and the Sony & Philips teams. HP chose to partner with Sony and
Philips, who were initially lukewarm to a fully rewritable format. The success of the HP Labs project in proving out the technology convinced Sony and Philips to go ahead with the move.
974:
With the timing issue solved by high frequency wobbles, the other key issue solved by the HPL team (through the efforts of Terril Hurst and Craig Perlov) was writing bits in a way that would not result in a bleeding of one bit into the next one. Because DVD+RW used phase-change media, this was solved
731:
of the groove spiral which guides the laser beam. These two changes allow more pits to be written in the same physical disc area, giving higher data density. The smaller focus is possible with a shorter wavelength 'red' laser of 640 nm, compared to CD-R's wavelength of 780 nm. This is used
1198:
that can only record to one of the formats. By contrast, DVD Video recorders still favour one format over the other, often providing restrictions on what the unfavoured format will do. However, because the DVD-R format has been in use since 1997, it has had a five-year lead on DVD+R. As such, older
947:
The DVD+R format was developed by a coalition of corporations—now known as the DVD+RW Alliance—in mid-2002, stemming from a research project at
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories (a.k.a. HP Labs) that originated in 1996. The project was the brainchild of Josh Hogan, who represented HP and was involved in
1907:
announced an archival DVD recording medium manufactured with quality control and inspection frequencies techniques greater than is traditionally used in media manufacturing, and using specially developed silver alloy as a reflective layer and organic dye with in-house developed additives to secure
960:
with small enough jitter) so as to provide sub-bit accuracy on the timing. In a servo systems parlance, this was a high frequency, high-fidelity reference signal for the timing servo loop to follow. Essentially, it would be possible to turn a tracking loop sideways and use all the tools of control
714:
to store the data. During the burning of a single bit, the laser's intensity affects the reflective properties of the burned dye. By varying the laser intensity quickly, high density data is written in precise tracks. Since written tracks are made of darkened dye, the data side of a recordable DVD
1974:
announced their development of the first media in the format in 2005. A double-layer DVD+RW specification was approved in March 2006 with a capacity of 8.5 GB. However, manufacturing support for these rewritable dual-layer discs did not materialize due to costs and expected competition from
1242:
As RAM stands for Random Access Memory, it works more or less like a hard-drive and was designed for corporate back-up use. Developed in 1996, DVD-RAM is a rewritable optical disc originally encased in a cartridge. Currently available in standard 4.7 GB (and sometimes in other sizes), it is
1216:
DVD+R also has a larger Power
Calibration Area (PCA). The PCA in DVD+R has a length of 32768 sectors, compared to the 7088 of DVD-R. In the PCA, which is located close to the inner edge of the disc, a 15-step procedure is carried out to calibrate (vary the power of) the disc drive's laser before
951:
The issue was drop-in compatibility of a rewritable format with the existing DVD-ROM players. Rewritable media (such as magnetic hard disk drives or rewritable CDs) have edit gaps between sectors, to provide a buffer so that any timing inaccuracies in the write clock would not result in new data
1545:
The following table describes the maximal speed of DVD-R and the relative typical write time for a full disc according to the reviews from cdrinfo.com and cdfreaks.com. Many reviews of multiple brand names on varying conditions of hardware and DVD give much lower and wider measurements than the
970:
In 1999, the team had argued to then HP CEO Lew Platt, that HP needed to produce products in the set-top market, the computer market, and the camcorder market to truly exploit the invention. Platt, who had a reputation of being risk averse, chose to stick with only the computer drive product
1891:
discs, bonded with an adhesive to each other. One contains the laser guiding groove and is coated with the recording dye and a silver alloy or gold reflector. The other one (for single-sided discs) is an ungrooved 'dummy' disc to assure mechanical stability of the sandwich structure, and
1246:
Multi-format drives can read and write more than one format; e.g. DVD±R(W) (DVD plus-dash recordable and rewritable) is used to refer to drives that can write/rewrite both plus and dash formats, but not necessarily DVD-RAM. Drives marked "DVD Multi
Recorder" support DVD±R(W)
763:
According to
Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement. RW discs are used to store volatile data, such as when creating backups or collections of files which are subject to change and re-writes. They are also ideal for home DVD
1189:
As of 2006, the market for recordable DVD technology showed little sign of settling down in favour of either the "plus" or "dash" formats, which is mostly the result of the increasing numbers of dual-format devices that can record to both formats, known as
1078:
TS-H653B, have adapted recording speeds of up to 16× on DVD+R DL media by selected vendors, compared to up to 12× on DVD-R DL. More recent optical drives have reduced their maximum allowable recording speed on both +R DL and -R DL media to 8×, usually
2873:
1756:= 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes. This can be confusing for many users since a 4.7 GB (4.7 billion bytes) DVD that is advertised as such might show up on their device as having 4.38 GiB (depending on what type of prefixes their device uses).
1855:
According to a study published in 2008 by the
Preservation Research and Testing Division of the U.S. Library of Congress, most recordable CD products have a higher probability of greater longevity compared to recordable DVD products.
1895:
In a DVD-R, the addressing (the determination of location of the laser beam on the disc) is done with additional pits and lands (called land pre-pits) in the areas between the grooves. The groove on a DVD-R disc has a constant
956:). Reading about the wobble grooves on older optical disk formats, Danny proposed that a wobble frequency at roughly the same frequency as the data frequency would provide enough timing accuracy (i.e. allow us to lock a
975:
by high speed modulation of short laser pulses to take advantage of the nonlinear heating and cooling properties of the material and control the pulse shapes. Several papers describing these efforts can be found at:
1220:
Additional session linking methods are more accurate with DVD+R(W) versus DVD-R(W), resulting in fewer damaged or unusable discs due to buffer under-run and multi-session discs with fewer PI/PO errors.
3073:
3195:
715:
has a distinct color. Burned DVDs have a higher failure-to-read rate than pressed DVDs, due to differences in the reflective properties of dye compared to the aluminum substrate of pressed discs.
830:
DVD "minus" R is not correct, according to DVD-R consortium recommendations; it is, in fact, a dash (i.e. DVD "dash" R). DVD-R and DVD+R technologies are not directly compatible, which created a
1727:(2007) have officially adapted support for writing speeds of up to 12× on DVD-R DL and 16× on DVD+R DL (on recordable media by selected vendors only), while more recent DVD writers such as the
834:
in the DVD technology industry. To reconcile the two competing formats, manufacturers created hybrid drives that could read both — most hybrid drives that handle both formats are labeled
926:
DVD-RW media exists in the recording speed variants of 1× (discontinued), 2×, 4× and 6×. Higher speed variants, although compatible with lower writing speeds, are written to with the lowest
3271:
Victor
Company of Japan, Ltd. (JVC) is pleased to announce that it has developed the world's first single-sided, dual layer DVD-RW disc technology with a maximum storage capacity of 8.5GB
1209:
There are a number of significant technical differences between the "dash" and the "plus" format, although most users would not notice the difference. One example is that the DVD+R style
756:, whereas "RW" formats can be written to repeatedly. Thus, "R" format discs are only suited to non-volatile data storage, such as audio or video. This can cause confusion because the '
3328:
ISO/IEC 29642:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW DL format -- Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes and 2,66 Gbytes per side (recording speed 2,4X)
3318:
ISO/IEC 17341:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 4X)
1259:
DVD recordable media are sold in two standard sizes, a regular 12 cm (5 in) size for home recording and computer usage, and a small 8 cm (3 in) size (sometimes known as a
3323:
ISO/IEC 26925:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)
1202:
DVD+R discs must be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder. DVD-R do not have to be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder,
3042:"TEAC Corporation DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Specification DV-W5500S-000 Rev. 0.94 1/24 DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Product Specification Model : DV-W5500S-000 Drive Specification"
2174:"TEAC Corporation DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Specification DV-W5500S-000 Rev. 0.94 1/24 DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Product Specification Model : DV-W5500S-000 Drive Specification"
1104:
list "2.4× CLV" instead of "2× CLV" as the base transfer rate level for DVD+R/RW. Earlier optical drives also have a 1.0× transfer rate level for both DVD-R/RW and DVD+R/RW.
2720:
967:. By late 1998, through the monthly meetings led by project leader Carl Taussig and often accompanied by Josh Hogan, Sony and Philips had warmed to the idea of the format.
2198:
2105:
1152:
Another distinction in comparison to DVD-R/RW/R DL is that the recorder information (optical drive model) is not written automatically to DVD+ discs by the drive.
2681:
3041:
1717:
3081:
897:
is the ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-RW disc. According to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement.
3201:
3012:
978:
The DVD Forum initially did not approve of the DVD+R format and claimed that the DVD+R format was not an official DVD format until January 25, 2008.
3408:
Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +R DL format – Capacity: 8.55 GB and 2.66 GB per side (recording speed up to 16×)
1101:
3249:
2410:"Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16×)"
1100:
transfer rates (read and write) of 2.0× on DVD-R/RW have been replaced with 2.4× in the specification for DVD+R/RW. Thus, specification sheets of
3493:
1093:) on most half-height optical drives released since the mid-2000s decade are up to 16× on DVD±R (single-layer) and 12× on DVD±R DL and DVD±RW.
1063:
allow bypassing the rating and recording at speeds beyond 16× on selected recordable media by vendors considered of high quality, including
1125:
34:
Embedded Data: A DVD-R disc (also applies to DVD+R) which is only partially written to. Data is burned onto the disc with a writing laser.
2475:
2906:
3483:
2702:
1531:
345:
695:(also written as, DVD±R/RW, DVD±R/±RW, DVD+/-RW, DVD±R(W) and other arbitrary ways) handles all common writable disc types, but not
1846:
2724:
3503:
3436:
ISO/IEC 17342, 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD re-recordable disk (DVD-RW)
3102:
597:
2523:
2131:
1228:
to increase the compatibility of DVD+R media (though unlike DVD+RW, it is a one way process). This is also known as bitsetting.
3127:
2777:
2224:
2093:
625:
3440:
3406:
3395:
3317:
1939:
phase, changing the reflectivity, depending on the power of the laser beam. Data can thus be written, erased and re-written.
2960:
2050:
2887:
2293:
84:
3435:
3327:
3322:
3417:
2673:
2384:
3498:
2916:
2646:
1966:
A specification for dual-layer DVD-RW discs with a capacity of 8.5 GB (8,500,000,000 bytes) was approved by the
3048:
2995:
2173:
592:
1863:, the rate of correctable errors can be measured. A higher rate of errors indicates media of lower quality and/or
1051:
Like DVD-R (single-layer), DVD+R (single-layer) media officially exists with rated recording speeds of up to 16× (
3282:
DVD+RW part 2: Dual Layer, volume 1; DVD+RW 8.5 Gbytes, Basic Format Specifications, version 1.0, March 2006
1182:
DVD+RW DL was once developed and announced by JVC but it was never sold due to issues with its low reflectivity (
436:
319:
2738:
1549:
The write time may vary (± 30 s) between writer and media used. For high speed, the write strategy changes from
823:. It has broader playback compatibility than DVD+R, especially with much older players. The dash format uses a "
2355:
2244:
1558:
510:
245:
3238:
DVD Specifications for Re-recordable Disc for Dual Layer (DVD-RW for DL) Physical Specifications, Version 2.0
2544:
2752:
89:
3020:
2874:"United States Patent: 9105275 - Method for sensing the physically-recordable maximum capacity of a disc"
2837:
553:
498:
443:
3384:
3216:
2409:
2152:
79:
3148:
2613:
703:(but not necessarily including cartridges or 8cm diameter discs) is referred to as a "Multi" recorder.
618:
312:
126:
2153:"80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disc (DVD-R)"
1199:
or cheaper DVD players (up to 2004 vintage) are more likely to favour the DVD-R standard exclusively.
1554:
1535:
1090:
1052:
796:
558:
2470:
3452:
3362:
3154:
2430:
1550:
1097:
505:
1860:
927:
3256:
2565:
2551:
2045:
1733:
727:
is achieved by focusing the laser to a smaller point, creating smaller 'pits' as well as a finer
661:(WORM) media, where as "rewritable" discs are able to be erased and rewritten. Data is written ('
429:
298:
265:
736:
lens. The dyes used in each case are different as they are optimized for different wavelengths.
769:
662:
457:
305:
74:
17:
1921:
611:
566:
422:
415:
3386:
80 mm (1.23 GB per side) and 120 mm (3.95 GB per side) DVD-Recordable Disc (DVD-R)
997:
officially accepted DVD+R and DVD+RW by adding them to its list of licensable DVD products.
981:
2856:"Optiarc--products were developed specifically for the professional digital content market"
2034:
1948:
1157:
1112:
DVD+RW supports a method of writing called "lossless linking", which makes it suitable for
1030:
technique to provide 'sector' address information. It was introduced after the "-" format.
916:
753:
658:
537:
516:
501:
291:
964:
Re-Writable Optical Disk Having Reference Clock Information Permanently Formed on the Disk
8:
2456:
816:
366:
3373:
1074:
On dual-layer media, half-height optical drives released towards 2010, such as the 2007
953:
733:
101:
69:
3108:
2256:
760:' logo is a stylized 'RW'. Thus, many discs have the RW logo, but are not rewritable.
2946:
2932:
2912:
2123:
957:
871:
542:
472:
408:
2498:
2275:
Important Notice to the subscribers of the DVD-RW Format Specifications Book Ver.1.2
744:
2968:
1897:
1850:
1210:
1064:
1034:
1027:
1023:
859:
824:
757:
277:
273:
3123:
2769:
2216:
931:
2972:
2721:"JVC | DVD-RW 8.5GB DL Rewritable DVD (2) | VDWDL85GU2 | B&H;"
1936:
1011:
3459:"Recorder and method for recording information on a write once recording medium"
2674:"Quick erased (blanked) CD-RW vs. DVD-RW vs. DVD+RW, what's recoverable and how"
669:, rather than the data being 'pressed' onto the disc during manufacture, like a
3296:
Bennett, Hugh (July 1998), "In DVD's Own Image: DVD-R Technology and Promise",
2891:
1932:
1909:
1172:
1153:
162:
146:
142:
94:
3458:
3169:
2323:
2089:
1920:
The recording layer in DVD-RW and DVD+RW is not an organic dye, but a special
3477:
1888:
1868:
1195:
1168:
1113:
1060:
920:
654:
524:
464:
3427:
3250:"JVC Develops World's First Single-sided, Dual Layer DVD-RW Disc Technology"
2388:
1951:
technology could be used with a DVD+R disc to nearly double the capacity to
3488:
3397:
Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disc using +R format
2040:
1998:
1129:
mode feature is no longer an official part of the standard like it was for
855:
819:
in 1997. It is supported by most normal DVD players and is approved by the
765:
650:
646:
450:
121:
64:
41:
2588:
2566:"Range Of Available Standards - DVD Burner Test: Seven Times The Capacity"
1714:
1086:
DVD+RW media exists with the writing speed ratings of 1×-4× and 2.4×-8×.
1068:
1056:
885:
673:. Pressing is used in mass production, primarily for the distribution of
3446:
3351:
3307:
2367:
1280:
1046:
784:
2071:
2019:
1117:
986:
831:
674:
547:
339:
269:
2217:"Understanding DVD - Physical, Logical and Application Specifications"
1204:
because the two variants of the discs are written in different formats
1175:. This means that the standard does not allow reverting the disc to a
2014:
1967:
1952:
1264:
1225:
875:
820:
684:
572:
393:
335:
241:
237:
217:
209:
174:
2453:
Super -writemaster DVD Writer SH-S203B(TS-H653B)/ SH-S203D(TS-H653D)
1867:. It may also indicate scratches and/or data written by a defective
2311:
2004:
1956:
1864:
1753:
1738:(2016) have restricted the supported DVD±R DL writing speed to 8×.
1721:
1075:
867:
532:
479:
374:
331:
213:
205:
158:
154:
150:
1747:
1171:, which is done by the software instead that overwrites data with
835:
699:. A drive that supports writing to all these disc types including
2650:
2530:
2029:
2024:
1976:
1929:
1541:
Disc write time in table does not include overhead, leadout, etc.
1260:
1237:
1146:
1015:
839:
700:
696:
691:
refers to both rewritable disc types, the DVD+RW and the DVD-RW.
670:
379:
260:
253:
249:
229:
225:
186:
170:
2199:"Pioneer Announces New, Lower Prices for DVD-R and DVD-RW Media"
2106:"Pioneer Announces New, Lower Prices for DVD-R and DVD-RW Media"
1874:
Not all optical drive models are able to scan the disc quality.
2816:
1980:
1925:
1538:(~580 rpm) is around three times as high as CD at ×1 (~200 rpm)
1142:
402:
398:
359:
326:
284:
221:
201:
182:
130:
49:
2855:
2294:
Archive of discontinued Hitachi-LG Data Storage optical drives
2703:"JVC announces first rewritable single-sided dual layer DVDs"
2624:
1138:
1134:
1080:
994:
894:
863:
666:
385:
352:
233:
197:
166:
138:
923:
that have only been adapted to Version 1.1 and Version 1.0.
3340:
3217:"DVD Types | DVD-RAM vs DVD-RW vs DVD-R vs DVD+R vs DVD+RW"
2009:
1130:
1019:
724:
707:
178:
134:
3200:, Broadcast engineering, November 23, 2011, archived from
2412:(standard) (4th ed.). ECMA. June 2008. p. 4. 349
1037:
has been increased from 140.6 kHz to 817.4 kHz.
937:
775:
687:
term for both DVD+R and DVD-R formats. Likewise, the term
3423:
1993:
1971:
1904:
711:
192:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
1752:
Most DVD±R/RWs are advertised using the definition of 1
30:
827:" method to provide sector address information.
2360:
1224:
Like other "plus" media, it is possible to change the
1163:
Other changes include the removal of a dedicated SCSI
2803:
Machine will not record 16:9 format video to DVD+R(W)
2545:"GH24NSD0 SPECIFICATIONS Model GH24NSD0 For LG-Brand"
2280:
2037:, an obsolete technology (with non-binary modulation)
1928:. The alloy can be switched back and forth between a
723:
The larger storage capacity of a DVD-R compared to a
1859:
Media of higher quality tends to last longer. Using
1847:
Optical disc recording technologies § Longevity
1055:). However, on both +R and -R types, some models of
718:
3312:, Cupertino: Optical Storage Technology Association
2639:
870:(4,700,000,000 bytes). The format was developed by
3074:"Sony's 'miracle' DVD writer hits 24x write speed"
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
346:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
3350:"Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD",
2431:"Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) - Myce.com"
3475:
2739:"Double Layer DVD+RW Media Closer to Production"
3411:(technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2008, 25434
3400:(technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2005, 17344
2753:"Dual Layer DVD Re-writable Formats On the Way"
2342:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2238:
1900:of 140.6 kHz used for motor control, etc.
989:capable of writing to either dash or plus discs
3419:What's the difference between DVD-R and DVD+R?
2379:
2377:
874:in November 1999 and has been approved by the
3447:Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD
3309:Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD
2745:
2249:
1561:(ZCLV). The table below largely assumes CAV.
1160:adding such information for later retrieval.
900:There are three revisions of DVD-RW known as
882:holds 1.46 GB, with a diameter of 8 cm.
619:
3162:
2731:
2298:
1887:DVD-R discs are composed of two 0.6 mm
754:written once and read arbitrarily many times
2671:
2374:
1194:. It has become very difficult to find new
2116:
2090:Understanding DVD - Physical Compatibility
1947:In October 2003, it was demonstrated that
683:(also DVD+/-R, or "DVD plus/dash R") is a
626:
612:
3242:
3197:JVC introduces archival grade DVD-R media
3013:"Increased compatibility: DVD bitsetting"
2993:
2838:"Everything you Wanted to Know About CDs"
2764:
2762:
2312:Archive of TSSTcorp optical drive manuals
1179:(unwritten) state after the first write.
1026:, the "plus" format uses a more reliable
915:The writing of DVD-RW Version 1.2 is not
2524:"SPECIFICATIONS Model GHB0N.AFCK101 for"
2471:"Maxell DVD+RW RITEK...004 4x DVD Media"
2423:
2209:
1840:
1720:drives released since 2007, such as the
980:
884:
743:
29:
3305:
3295:
2994:McFarland, Patrick (October 30, 2006),
2770:"Understanding DVD -Recording Hardware"
2385:"DVD6C Announces New Licensing Program"
2316:
2257:"Notice to the DVD-RW Book Subscribers"
1975:newer and higher-capacity formats like
1731:(2013) and Blu-Ray writers such as the
598:High-definition optical disc format war
14:
3494:Computer-related introductions in 1997
3476:
3209:
3128:Optical Storage Technology Association
3034:
2904:
2778:Optical Storage Technology Association
2759:
2586:
2225:Optical Storage Technology Association
2166:
2094:Optical Storage Technology Association
437:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
320:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
2961:"DVD+RW Alliance - Customer Benefits"
2947:"Method for controlling optical disk"
2614:"AOpen DVD+RW RW5120A Manual Germany"
2516:
2445:
893:The primary advantage of DVD-RW over
3453:Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W)
3364:Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W)
3150:CD-R and DVD-R RW Longevity Research
2558:
2155:(standard). ECMA. December 1998. 279
2051:List of DVD recordable manufacturers
1851:DVD § Disc quality measurements
779:
649:formats that can be written to by a
2997:How To Choose CD/DVD Archival Media
2723:. February 21, 2009. Archived from
2647:"CD-DVD Speed Recorder Information"
1271:, for example, holds 1.46 GB.
1005:
739:
24:
3426:), DVD demystified, archived from
3306:——— (Apr 2004),
3047:. TEAC Corporation. Archived from
2888:"Power Calibration Error Messages"
1576:Write time for single-layer DVD-R
845:
815:The DVD-R format was developed by
27:Recordable optical disk technology
25:
3515:
3484:Audiovisual introductions in 1997
3375:Care and Handling of CDs and DVDs
3333:
3168:
1877:
1040:
930:at the rated speed, similarly to
719:Comparing recordable CDs and DVDs
2890:. March 27, 2010. Archived from
2124:"History of Pioneer Corporation"
1963:appeared on the market in 2005.
1116:and improves compatibility with
1107:
889:The data side of a blank DVD-RW.
838:and Super Multi (which includes
783:
593:History of optical storage media
313:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
48:
3289:
3276:
3231:
3188:
3141:
3116:
3095:
3066:
3005:
2987:
2953:
2939:
2925:
2898:
2880:
2866:
2848:
2830:
2809:
2791:
2713:
2695:
2684:from the original on 2012-09-24
2665:
2606:
2580:
2537:
2491:
2463:
2402:
2134:from the original on 2017-07-15
1183:
842:support) and are very popular.
3504:Optical computer storage media
2905:Ballou, Glen (March 5, 2015).
2356:Pioneer computer drive archive
2330:. Club Myce. 24 September 2003
2328:Club Myce - Knowledge is Power
2245:Pioneer computer drive archive
2191:
2145:
2098:
2083:
2064:
1559:zoned constant linear velocity
13:
1:
3443:- publicly available standard
2057:
1942:
1741:
938:DVD+R and DVD+RW (DVD "plus")
776:DVD-R and DVD-RW (DVD "dash")
732:in conjunction with a higher
657:. The "recordable" discs are
299:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
3255:. 2005-04-04. Archived from
2908:Handbook for Sound Engineers
1915:
306:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
7:
2672:van Hove, Peter (c. 2012).
2455:(User manual) (in Korean),
1986:
1882:
1833:
1830:
1822:
1819:
1811:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1708:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1000:
458:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
444:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
423:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
10:
3520:
3219:. Nordex Media. 6 May 2017
2801:(user manual), Panasonic,
2387:. DVD6C LA. Archived from
1844:
1745:
1278:
1235:
1231:
1044:
942:
292:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
2921:– via Google Books.
2587:Maguin, T. (2014-02-26).
2499:"DVD+RW 4x RITEK-004-000"
1555:constant angular velocity
1290:
1281:DVD § Transfer rates
1091:constant angular velocity
1053:constant angular velocity
1047:DVD § Transfer rates
748:DVD-RW discs on a spindle
653:and by computers using a
559:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
367:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
3499:Optical computer storage
3019:(review). Archived from
2589:"cdvdcontrol • man page"
2368:"High Frequency Wobbles"
1922:phase change metal alloy
1551:constant linear velocity
1274:
1254:
1145:, although supported by
1098:constant linear velocity
2552:Hitachi-LG Data Storage
2203:Pioneer Electronics USA
2110:Pioneer Electronics USA
2046:Blu-ray Disc recordable
1546:optimal numbers below.
752:"R" format DVDs can be
565:Universal Disk Format (
430:3D optical data storage
409:Video Single Disc (VSD)
3174:qpxtool.sourceforge.io
3000:, Ad terras pera spera
1861:surface error scanning
1014:in collaboration with
990:
890:
770:optical disc authoring
749:
710:, DVD recordable uses
519:(layer jump recording)
85:Recording technologies
75:Optical disc authoring
35:
3389:(standard), ECMA, 279
3157:: Library of Congress
2933:"Optical disk device"
2727:on February 21, 2009.
2370:. Daniel Abramovitch.
1841:Quality and longevity
1263:) for use in compact
985:An internal computer
984:
888:
747:
416:Magneto-optical discs
33:
2324:"Ritek DVD-RW tests"
2035:MultiLevel Recording
1211:address in pregroove
993:On 25 January 2008,
917:backwards-compatible
665:') to the disc by a
659:write-once read-many
645:are a collection of
3378:(report), Clir, 121
3298:EMedia Professional
3124:"Understanding DVD"
2457:Samsung Electronics
2128:Pioneer Corporation
1865:deteriorating media
1748:DVD § Capacity
1688:4 min 30 sec (CAV)
1660:5 min 30 sec (CAV)
1646:5 min 45 sec (CAV)
1573:Data rate (Mbit/s)
1297:Equivalent CD rate
1192:DVD Multi Recorders
1126:simulated recording
1028:bi-phase modulation
161:), Super Video CD (
114:Optical media types
3441:ISO/IEC 17342:2004
3430:on August 22, 2009
3170:"QPxTool glossary"
3104:The Byte Converter
3054:on 30 January 2015
2894:on March 27, 2010.
2860:www.optiarcinc.com
2179:. TEAC Corporation
1718:DVD Multi Recorder
991:
954:phase-locked loops
891:
795:. You can help by
750:
734:numerical aperture
145:, Super Audio CD (
102:Burst cutting area
80:Authoring software
70:Optical disc drive
36:
2741:. March 30, 2006.
2709:. 31 August 2007.
2568:. 7 February 2003
1838:
1837:
1765:Decimal Capacity
1706:
1705:
1702:~4 minutes (CAV)
1632:8 minutes (ZCLV)
1618:15 minutes (CLV)
1604:30 minutes (CLV)
1570:Data rate (MB/s)
1524:
1523:
958:phase-locked loop
912:(November 2003).
813:
812:
636:
635:
473:Professional Disc
380:MD Data, MD Data2
274:Mini Blu-ray Disc
16:(Redirected from
3511:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3431:
3412:
3401:
3390:
3379:
3368:
3357:
3345:
3313:
3301:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3204:on June 14, 2012
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3107:, archived from
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3080:. Archived from
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:on July 24, 2008
3009:
3003:
3001:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2975:on 7 August 2003
2971:. Archived from
2957:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2618:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2296:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2264:www.dvdforum.org
2261:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2068:
1955:per disc. These
1898:wobble frequency
1768:Binary Capacity
1759:
1758:
1725:SH-S203/TS-H653B
1674:5 minutes (CAV)
1564:
1563:
1294:Disc write time
1285:
1284:
1205:
1149:optical drives.
1089:Reading speeds (
1035:wobble frequency
1006:Wobble frequency
866:, typically 4.7
860:storage capacity
854:is a rewritable
808:
805:
787:
780:
740:R and RW formats
628:
621:
614:
513:(packet writing)
278:Ultra HD Blu-ray
266:BD-R & BD-RE
52:
38:
37:
21:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3449:by Hugh Bennett
3416:
3405:
3394:
3383:
3372:
3361:
3349:
3339:
3336:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2969:DVD+RW Alliance
2959:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2755:. June 7, 2006.
2751:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2433:. June 23, 2003
2429:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2281:
2268:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
1989:
1959:(DL) versions,
1945:
1918:
1885:
1880:
1853:
1843:
1750:
1744:
1711:
1283:
1277:
1257:
1240:
1234:
1203:
1196:computer drives
1173:null characters
1110:
1049:
1043:
1024:DVD+RW Alliance
1008:
1003:
945:
940:
848:
846:DVD-RW versions
809:
803:
800:
793:needs expansion
778:
766:video recorders
758:DVD+RW Alliance
742:
721:
632:
603:
602:
588:
580:
579:
494:
486:
485:
115:
107:
106:
90:Recording modes
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3472:
3471:
3461:. 23 June 2004
3455:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3414:
3403:
3392:
3381:
3370:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3334:External links
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3303:
3300:, pp. 30+
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3241:
3230:
3208:
3187:
3161:
3140:
3115:
3094:
3065:
3033:
3004:
2986:
2952:
2938:
2924:
2917:
2897:
2879:
2865:
2847:
2829:
2817:"What is DVD?"
2808:
2790:
2758:
2744:
2730:
2712:
2694:
2664:
2638:
2605:
2579:
2557:
2536:
2515:
2490:
2462:
2444:
2422:
2401:
2373:
2359:
2341:
2315:
2297:
2279:
2248:
2237:
2208:
2190:
2165:
2144:
2115:
2097:
2082:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1944:
1941:
1917:
1914:
1910:data retention
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Disc structure
1876:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
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1791:
1788:
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1777:
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1703:
1700:
1697:
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1638:
1634:
1633:
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1627:
1624:
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1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1532:rotation speed
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:265.92 Mbit/s
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:221.60 Mbit/s
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:199.44 Mbit/s
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:177.28 Mbit/s
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:110.80 Mbit/s
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1398:
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1332:
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1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:Reading speed
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1276:
1273:
1267:. The smaller
1256:
1253:
1236:Main article:
1233:
1230:
1169:optical drives
1154:Nero DiscSpeed
1109:
1106:
1102:optical drives
1061:optical drives
1042:
1041:Transfer rates
1039:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
965:
944:
941:
939:
936:
921:optical drives
878:. The smaller
847:
844:
811:
810:
790:
788:
777:
774:
741:
738:
720:
717:
643:DVD rewritable
639:DVD recordable
634:
633:
631:
630:
623:
616:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
595:
589:
586:
585:
582:
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405:
389:
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349:
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323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
281:
276:, 4K Blu-ray (
259:Blu-ray Disc (
256:
189:
143:5.1 Music Disc
120:Compact disc (
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
98:
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95:Packet writing
92:
82:
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26:
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6:
4:
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3321:
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3310:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3279:
3272:
3262:on 2014-12-21
3258:
3251:
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3199:
3198:
3191:
3175:
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3165:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3111:on 2013-11-03
3110:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3084:on 2010-01-15
3083:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3050:
3043:
3037:
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3018:
3014:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2934:
2928:
2920:
2918:9781135016661
2914:
2911:. CRC Press.
2910:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2842:www.co-bw.com
2839:
2833:
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2800:
2794:
2779:
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2765:
2763:
2754:
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2716:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2623:(in German).
2622:
2621:ftp.AOpen.com
2615:
2609:
2594:
2593:helpmanual.io
2590:
2583:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2540:
2533:. 2013-11-13.
2532:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2432:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2391:on 2008-01-29
2390:
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2119:
2111:
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2101:
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2077:
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2063:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:optical drive
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1793:
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1772:
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1749:
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1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
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1552:
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1534:of DVD at ×1
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1503:
1483:
1463:
1443:
1423:
1408:88.64 Mbit/s
1403:
1388:66.48 Mbit/s
1383:
1368:55.40 Mbit/s
1363:
1348:44.32 Mbit/s
1343:
1328:22.16 Mbit/s
1323:
1308:11.08 Mbit/s
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
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1270:
1266:
1262:
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1227:
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1218:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1158:proprietarily
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:random access
1108:Functionality
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:Developed by
998:
996:
988:
983:
979:
976:
972:
968:
966:
963:
959:
955:
949:
935:
933:
929:
924:
922:
919:with earlier
918:
913:
911:
907:
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898:
896:
887:
883:
881:
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873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
807:
798:
794:
791:This section
789:
786:
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781:
773:
771:
767:
761:
759:
755:
746:
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735:
730:
726:
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686:
682:
678:
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664:
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648:
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629:
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622:
617:
615:
610:
609:
607:
606:
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596:
594:
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590:
584:
583:
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571:
568:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
530:
529:File systems
528:
526:
525:Rainbow Books
523:
518:
515:
512:
511:Mount Rainier
509:
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
490:
489:
482:
481:
477:
475:
474:
470:
468:
466:
465:Archival Disc
462:
460:
459:
455:
453:
452:
448:
446:
445:
441:
439:
438:
434:
432:
431:
427:
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364:
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343:
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157:), Video CD (
156:
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118:
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103:
100:
96:
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81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:Optical discs
40:
39:
32:
19:
3463:. Retrieved
3428:the original
3418:
3407:
3396:
3385:
3374:
3363:
3352:
3341:
3308:
3297:
3290:Bibliography
3278:
3270:
3264:. Retrieved
3257:the original
3244:
3237:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3211:
3202:the original
3196:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3173:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3132:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:the original
3103:
3097:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:the original
3077:
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3049:the original
3036:
3025:. Retrieved
3021:the original
3016:
3007:
2996:
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2973:the original
2964:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2907:
2900:
2892:the original
2882:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2821:. Retrieved
2819:. Video help
2811:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2774:www.osta.org
2773:
2747:
2733:
2725:the original
2715:
2706:
2697:
2686:. Retrieved
2677:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2653:. 2006-07-30
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2620:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2560:
2539:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2503:www.ez647.sk
2502:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2452:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2425:
2414:. Retrieved
2404:
2393:. Retrieved
2389:the original
2362:
2332:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2274:
2267:. Retrieved
2263:
2260:(2004-02-25)
2251:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2221:www.osta.org
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2168:
2157:. Retrieved
2147:
2136:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2085:
2075:
2066:
2041:Blu-ray Disc
1999:DVD recorder
1965:
1960:
1949:double layer
1946:
1919:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1873:
1858:
1854:
1751:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1712:
1567:Drive speed
1548:
1544:
1525:
1511:33.240 MB/s
1491:27.700 MB/s
1471:24.930 MB/s
1451:22.160 MB/s
1431:13.850 MB/s
1411:11.080 MB/s
1288:Drive speed
1268:
1258:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1164:
1162:
1151:
1124:
1122:
1111:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1073:
1050:
1032:
1009:
992:
977:
973:
969:
962:
950:
946:
925:
914:
909:
905:
901:
899:
892:
879:
856:optical disc
851:
849:
829:
825:land pre-pit
814:
801:
797:adding to it
792:
762:
751:
728:
722:
705:
692:
688:
680:
679:
651:DVD recorder
647:optical disc
642:
638:
637:
478:
471:
463:
456:
451:Hyper CD-ROM
449:
442:
435:
428:
421:
414:
407:
391:
384:
372:
365:
358:
351:
344:
325:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
258:
191:
153:, CD Video (
119:
65:Optical disc
2627:, Inc. 2002
2572:30 December
1930:crystalline
1828:MiniDVD DL
1715:half-height
1391:8.310 MB/s
1371:6.925 MB/s
1351:5.540 MB/s
1331:2.770 MB/s
1311:1.385 MB/s
1269:Mini DVD-RW
1167:command in
1118:DVD players
1069:Taiyo Yuden
1057:half-height
910:Version 1.2
908:(2000) and
906:Version 1.1
902:Version 1.0
880:Mini DVD-RW
858:with equal
852:DVD-RW disc
729:track pitch
392:LaserDisc (
3478:Categories
3353:Technology
3266:2016-03-25
3134:2008-09-06
3088:2009-02-26
3058:30 January
3027:2008-09-15
2823:2008-07-23
2688:2020-07-19
2416:2013-01-29
2395:2008-01-25
2183:30 January
2159:2013-01-29
2138:2019-12-06
2076:Technology
2058:References
1957:dual layer
1943:Dual layer
1908:long-term
1845:See also:
1746:See also:
1742:Capacities
1557:(CAV), or
1291:Data rate
1279:See also:
1265:camcorders
1184:Dual layer
1059:(desktop)
1045:See also:
1022:and their
987:DVD writer
928:error rate
832:format war
772:software.
675:home video
655:DVD writer
548:Rock Ridge
517:Mount Fuji
373:MiniDisc (
340:HD DVD-RAM
270:Blu-ray 3D
3342:DVD Forum
3176:. QPxTool
3017:CD freaks
2965:dvdrw.com
2799:DMR-EX769
2783:14 August
2678:IsoBuster
2631:13 August
2598:13 August
2508:13 August
2483:13 August
2476:VideoHelp
2334:13 August
2020:DVD+RW DL
1968:DVD Forum
1937:amorphous
1916:RW format
1903:In 2011,
1834:2.54 GiB
1823:1.39 GiB
1812:4.38 GiB
1801:8.15 GiB
1795:DVD±R DL
1790:4.38 GiB
1779:4.38 GiB
1553:(CLV) to
1251:DVD-RAM.
1226:book type
876:DVD Forum
821:DVD Forum
804:July 2020
685:shorthand
573:ISO 13490
554:El Torito
493:Standards
336:HD DVD-RW
242:DVD-Video
175:CD-ROM XA
3078:TG daily
2707:Engadget
2682:Archived
2437:24 April
2132:Archived
2072:"DVD QA"
2015:DVD+R DL
2005:DVD-R DL
1987:See also
1961:DVD-R DL
1924:, often
1883:R format
1831:2.66 GB
1820:1.46 GB
1817:MiniDVD
1809:4.70 GB
1806:DVD-RAM
1798:8.55 GB
1787:4.70 GB
1776:4.70 GB
1754:gigabyte
1736:BE16NU50
1729:SH-224DB
1722:TSSTcorp
1709:Adoption
1520:32×–48×
1500:32×–40×
1480:32×–40×
1460:32×–40×
1440:32×–40×
1420:32×–40×
1400:24×–32×
1380:24×–32×
1360:24×–32×
1340:20×–24×
1076:TSSTcorp
1065:Verbatim
1001:Features
904:(1999),
587:See also
533:ISO 9660
480:DataPlay
332:HD DVD-R
218:DVD+R DS
214:DVD-R DS
210:DVD+R DL
206:DVD-R DL
151:Photo CD
3465:30 July
3424:Q&A
3223:30 July
3180:22 July
2979:30 July
2657:30 July
2651:ImgBurn
2531:Fujitsu
2269:27 July
2230:28 July
2030:MiniDVD
2025:DVD-RAM
1977:Blu-ray
1935:and an
1889:acrylic
1784:DVD±RW
1762:Format
1590:1 hour
1526:Notes:
1374:11 min
1354:14 min
1334:27 min
1320:8×–18×
1314:53 min
1261:miniDVD
1238:DVD-RAM
1232:DVD-RAM
1156:allows
1147:Plextor
1016:Philips
943:History
872:Pioneer
840:DVD-RAM
817:Pioneer
701:DVD-RAM
697:DVD-RAM
693:DVD±R/W
671:DVD-ROM
254:MiniDVD
250:EcoDisc
230:DVD-RAM
187:Mini CD
171:CD-Text
59:General
3367:, Myce
3356:, Osta
3130:. 2004
2915:
2479:. 2006
2459:, 2007
2078:, Osta
2001:(DVDR)
1981:HD DVD
1970:, and
1953:8.5 GB
1926:GeSbTe
1849:, and
1773:DVD±R
1699:253.44
1685:232.32
1671:211.20
1657:190.08
1643:168.96
1514:2 min
1494:2 min
1474:3 min
1454:4 min
1434:6 min
1414:7 min
1394:9 min
1143:DVD-RW
689:DVD±RW
663:burned
550:/ SUSP
538:Joliet
403:LV-ROM
399:LD-ROM
360:GD-ROM
327:HD DVD
285:M-DISC
226:DVD+RW
222:DVD-RW
183:MIL-CD
131:CD-ROM
3260:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
3052:(PDF)
3045:(PDF)
2625:AOpen
2617:(PDF)
2548:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2177:(PDF)
1933:phase
1713:Some
1696:31.68
1682:29.04
1668:26.40
1654:23.76
1640:21.12
1629:84.48
1626:10.56
1615:42.24
1601:21.12
1587:10.56
1517:216×
1497:180×
1477:162×
1457:144×
1275:Speed
1255:Sizes
1177:blank
1165:erase
1139:DVD-R
1135:CD-RW
1081:P-CAV
995:DVD6C
932:CD-RW
895:DVD-R
864:DVD-R
862:to a
836:DVD±R
708:CD-Rs
706:Like
681:DVD±R
667:laser
543:Romeo
502:ATAPI
386:Hi-MD
353:VCDHD
238:DVD-A
234:DVD-D
202:DVD+R
198:DVD-R
139:CD-RW
127:CD-DA
18:DVD+R
3467:2020
3225:2020
3182:2020
3060:2015
2981:2020
2913:ISBN
2785:2020
2659:2020
2633:2020
2600:2020
2574:2016
2510:2020
2485:2020
2439:2017
2336:2020
2271:2020
2232:2020
2185:2015
2010:CD-R
1979:and
1612:5.28
1598:2.64
1584:1.32
1530:The
1505:24×
1485:20×
1465:18×
1445:16×
1437:90×
1425:10×
1417:72×
1397:54×
1377:45×
1357:36×
1337:18×
1141:and
1131:CD-R
1123:The
1096:All
1067:and
1033:The
1020:Sony
1018:and
725:CD-R
641:and
467:(AD)
179:CD-i
167:CD+G
163:SVCD
147:SACD
135:CD-R
3489:DVD
1994:DVD
1972:JVC
1905:JVC
1693:24×
1679:22×
1665:20×
1651:18×
1637:16×
1536:CAV
1405:8×
1385:6×
1365:5×
1345:4×
1325:2×
1317:9×
1305:1×
1249:and
1186:).
799:.
712:dye
567:UDF
506:MMC
499:SFF
246:HVD
193:DVD
165:),
159:VCD
155:CDV
149:),
3480::
3269:.
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