413:
devices would be largely restricted to playing music or films bought online. We are not aware of strong evidence of harm to rights holders done by this kind of private copying in the normal course of using digital equipment to play works. There is considerable evidence of overall public benefits from consumer use. The Review favours a limited private copying exception which corresponds to what consumers are already doing. As rights holders are well aware of consumers’ behaviour in this respect, our view is that the benefit of being able to do this is already factored into the price that rights holders are charging. A limited private copying exception which corresponds to the expectations of buyers and sellers of copyright content, and is therefore already priced into the purchase, will by definition not entail a loss for right holders.
430:(SIs) weren't laid out for Parliamentary approval until March 27, 2014, and weren't actually approved until July 14 (Commons) and July 27 (Lords); with an effective date of October 1, 2014. Anticipating approval, the Intellectual Property Office published a guide for consumers to explain the forthcoming changes and to clarify what would remain illegal. The private copying exception may seem to conflict with the existing Copyright Directive prohibition on overriding or removing any DRM or TPM (
691:, the final injunction reads, "while it may well be fair use for an individual consumer to store a backup copy of a personally owned DVD on that individual's computer, a federal law has nonetheless made it illegal to manufacture or traffic in a device or tool that permits a consumer to make such copies." This case made clear that manufacturing and distribution of circumvention tools was illegal, but use of those tools for non-infringing purposes, including fair use purposes, was not.
239:
2004:
600:(AHRA) of 1992 was intended to resolve the debate over home taping. However, 17 USC 1008, the relevant text of the legislation, didn't fully indemnify consumers for noncommercial, private copying. Such copying is broadly permitted using analog devices and media, but digital copying is only permitted with certain technology like DAT, MiniDisc, and "audio" CD-R—not with computer hard drives, portable media players, and general-purpose CD-Rs.
2024:
279:
408:'s recommendation that member states enact an exception for private, noncommercial copying so long as the rights holders receive "fair compensation." Other EU member states chose to implement the exception paired with a tax on music purchases or widely varying levies on copying equipment and blank media. However, the Review reasoned that no such collections are necessary when implementing a copyright exception for format-shifting:
404:. The review asserted that a private copying exception was overdue, citing that users were unaware of what was even legally allowed, and that a copyright law where "millions of citizens are in daily breach of copyright, simply for shifting a piece of music or video from one device to another" was not "fit for the digital age". The review recommended, among other things, that the government consider adopting the EU
2014:
145:, CD grabber or CD extractor is a piece of software designed to extract or "rip" raw digital audio (in format commonly called CDDA) from a compact disc to a file or other output. Some all-in-one ripping programs can simplify the entire process by ripping and burning the audio to disc in one step, possibly re-encoding the audio on-the-fly in the process.
703:(EFF) hailed the ruling as enabling DVD excerpts to be used for the well-established fair-use activities of criticism and commentary, and for the creation of derivative works by video remix artists. However, the text of the ruling says the exemption can only be exercised by professional educators and their students, not the general public.
630:(DRM) software constituted deceptive and unfair trade practices, in part because the record company "represented, expressly or by implication, that consumers will be able to use the CDs as they are commonly used on a computer: to listen to, transfer to playback devices, and copy the audio files contained on the CD for personal use."
665:
video files, there are other rippers that can convert DVDs to higher quality compressed video. These types of DVD rippers are used by the television and film industry to create broadcast quality video from DVD. Video ripped by these professional DVD rippers is an exact duplicate of the original DVD
343:
exception to the authors and editors rights. If a member State chooses to do so, it must also introduce a compensation for the copyright holders. Most
European countries, except for Norway, have introduced a private copying levy that compensates the owners directly from the country's budget. In 2009
176:
file. Depending on the capabilities of the ripping software, ripping may be done on a track-by-track basis, or all tracks at once, or over a custom range. The ripping software may also have facilities for detecting and correcting errors during or after the rip, as the process is not always reliable,
470:) generally says that making a copy of an original work, if conducted without the consent of the copyright owner, is infringement. The law makes no explicit grant or denial of a right to make a "personal use" copy of another's copyrighted content on one's own digital media and devices. For example,
412:
The UK has a thriving market for personal media devices which rely on private copying. We see no economic argument for adding an extra charge to these devices in order to authorise reasonable private acts which are part of the normal use of devices. Indeed, without that copying, normal use of those
417:
In August 2011, the government broadly accepted the recommendations of the
Hargreaves Review. At the end of 2012, the government published "Modernising Copyright", a document outlining specific changes the government intends to make, including the Hargreaves-recommended exception for private,
614:
Statements made by the court in that case, and by both the House and Senate in committee reports about the AHRA, do interpret the legislation as being intended to permit private, noncommercial copying with any digital technology. However, these interpretations may not be binding.
453:, making private copying once again illegal. The groups objected to the exclusion of a compensation scheme, presenting evidence contradicting an assertion that an exemption would cause "zero or insignificant harm" to copyright holders and thus did not require compensation.
575:
When asked directly about the issue, RIAA president Cary
Sherman asserted that the lawyers misspoke, and that the RIAA has never said whether it was legal or illegal, emphasizing that the RIAA had not yet taken anyone to court over that issue alone.
694:
The
Library of Congress periodically issues rulings to exempt certain classes of works from the DMCA's prohibition on the circumvention of copy protection for non-infringing purposes. One such ruling in 2010 declared, among other things, that the
105:
the whole container or a file. When creating a copy, nothing looks into the transferred file, nor checks if there is any encryption or not, and raw copy is also not aware of any file format. One can copy a DVD byte by byte via programs like
564:), stated: "The record companies, my clients, have said, for some time now, and it's been on their Website for some time now, that it's perfectly lawful to take a CD that you've purchased, upload it onto your computer, put it onto your
649:. They are mainly used to transfer video on DVDs to different formats, to edit or back up DVD content, and to convert DVD video for playback on media players and mobile devices. Some DVD rippers include additional features such as
400:
192:/ARccOS Protection), preventing access to the files without using the ripping software's decryption ability, which may not be legal to distribute or use. DVD files are often larger than is convenient to distribute or copy to
571:
Nevertheless, in lawsuits against individuals accused of copyright infringement for making files available via file-sharing networks, RIAA lawyers and PR officials have characterized CD ripping as "illegal" and "stealing".
434:) that are sometimes used on optical media to protect the content from ripping. However, the "Modernising Copyright" report makes clear that any workarounds to allow access will not involve a relaxation of the prohibition.
421:
Following each milestone in the reform process, press reports circulated that ripping non-DRM-protected CDs and DVDs was no longer illegal. However, the actual legislation to implement the changes is not yet in force; the
526:
a copy of any legally purchased music may be made by its owner, as long as it is not distributed to others and its use remains personal. In
Australia, this was extended in 2006 to also include photographs and films.
344:
the sum awarded to them was $ 55 million. In all but a few of these countries (exceptions include the UK and Malta), the levy is excised on all machines and blank materials capable of copying copyrighted works.
485:. Consumer copyright infringement cases in this area, to date, have only focused on issues related to consumer rights and the applicability of the law to the sharing of ripped files, not to the act of ripping,
622:(FTC), a government office which requires business to engage in consumer-friendly trade practices, has acknowledged that consumers normally expect to be able to rip audio CDs. Specifically, in response to the
501:
generally says that it is legal to make a backup copy of any copyrighted work if the user owns or has a licence to use a copy of the work or subject-matter as long as the user does not circumvent a
395:
Private copying of copyrighted material is illegal in the United
Kingdom. According to a 2009 survey, 59% of British consumers believed ripping a CD to be legal, and 55% admitted to doing it.
607:, a late-1990s case which broached the subject of a consumer's right to copy and format-shift, but which ultimately only ascertained that one of the first portable MP3 players wasn't even a "
877:
588:
and thus are effectively considered non-infringing, "personal use" copying is not explicitly mentioned as a type of fair use, and case law has not yet established otherwise.
916:
1205:
687:
1830:
474:, by making a copy of a personally owned audio CD for transfer to an MP3 player for that person's personal use, is not explicitly allowed or forbidden.
387:, anyone is allowed to make a private copy of a copyrighted material for oneself, providing that the copier has accessed the original material legally.
152:-encoded audio samples interleaved with secondary data streams and synchronization and error correction info. The ripping software tells the CD drive's
184:
which operate in a similar fashion. Unlike audio CDs, DVDs do contain data formatted in files for use in computers. However, commercial DVDs are often
823:
1021:
685:(DMCA) of 1998 makes it illegal to manufacture or distribute circumvention tools and use those tools for infringing purposes. In the 2009 case
40:
is the extraction of digital content from a container, such as a CD, onto a new digital location. Originally, the term meant to rip music from
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1017:
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200:, so DVD ripping software usually offers the ability to re-encode the content, with some quality loss, so that it fits in smaller files.
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1835:
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222:. However, some countries either explicitly allow it in certain circumstances, or at least don't forbid it. Some countries also have
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device" covered by the law, so its maker wasn't required to pay royalties to the recording industry under other terms of the AHRA.
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apply to specific acts of personal copying, as determined in cases in the civil or criminal court systems, building up a body of
375:. These copies are called "home copies" and may only be used by the ripper. Public distribution of ripped files is not allowed.
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699:(CSS) commonly employed on commercial DVDs could be circumvented to enable non-infringing uses of the DVD's content. The
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467:
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In 2010, the UK government sought input on modernizing copyright exceptions for the digital age, and commissioned the
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Under the directive, making copies for other people is forbidden, and if done for profit can lead to a jail sentence.
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or give any of the reproductions away. This means that in most cases, ripping DVDs in Canada is most likely illegal.
326:
218:, and the person making the rip does not have the copyright owner's permission, then such ripping may be regarded as
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308:
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To rip contents is also different from grabbing an analog signal and re-encoding it, as it was done with early day
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545:) that ripping may be regarded as copyright infringement. In oral arguments before the Supreme Court in
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Despite the name, neither the media nor the data is damaged after extraction. Ripping is often used to
72:
17:
1251:
1046:
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1351:"DOCKET NO. C-4195: COMPLAINT; In the Matter of SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT, a general partnership"
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Australian
Copyright Act 1968 - Section 109A: Copying sound recordings for private and domestic use
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A directive of the
European Union allows its member nations to instate in their legal framework a
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359:, citizens are allowed to make copies of their legally bought audio and video. This includes
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626:, the FTC declared that the marketing and sale of audio CDs which surreptitiously installed
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1989:
1984:
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The
Copyright and Rights in Performances (Personal Copies for Private Use) Regulations 2014
568:. There is a very, very significant lawful commercial use for that device, going forward."
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to read this data and parse out just the LPCM samples. The software then dumps them into a
31:
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New
Zealand Copyright Act 1994 - Section 81A: Copying sound recording for personal use
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963:"The Government Response to the Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth"
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especially when the CD or the drive containing the CD itself is damaged or defective.
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drives not capable of digital audio extraction (DAE). Sometimes even encoding, i.e.
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had only begun seeking review of draft legislation in June 2013, and the resulting
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226:-type laws which allow unauthorized copies to be made under certain conditions.
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Statement of the Librarian of Congress Relating to Section 1201 Rulemaking
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1062:"Copyright and Rights in Performances (Personal Copies for Private Use)"
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1969:
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1206:"Ripping your DVDs: It's a tricky issue, legally speaking | The Star"
824:"Ripping CDs and movies for personal use is once again illegal in UK"
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713:
519:
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On 17 July 2015, the private copying exemption was overturned by the
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1285:
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (3/29/05), 04-480
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661:. While most DVD rippers only convert video to highly compressed
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68:
30:
This article is about copying digital media. For other uses, see
983:"Modernising Copyright: A modern, robust and flexible framework"
584:
Although certain types of infringement scenarios are allowed as
538:
representatives have made conflicting statements about ripping.
101:
To rip the contents out of a container is different from simply
1964:
1506:
1436:
917:"Technical review of draft legislation on copyright exceptions"
118:
1563:
1526:
1516:
442:
384:
197:
165:
53:
1128:"High court quashes regulations allowing people to copy CDs"
939:"Impact Assessment: Copyright Exception for Private Copying"
2149:
1878:
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759:
565:
193:
169:
1268:"Download Uproar: Record Industry Goes After Personal Use"
674:
In the case where media contents are protected using some
1959:
1252:
COPYRIGHT AMENDMENT ACT 2006 (NO. 158, 2006) - SCHEDULE 6
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59:, and after that to the extraction of contents from any
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removal and the ability to make discs unrestricted and
360:
812:
401:
Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth
148:
For example, audio CDs contain 16-bit, 44.1 kHz
82:, and to edit, duplicate or back up media content. A
1182:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Copyright Act"
1157:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Copyright Act"
1070:. House of Lords. 29 July 2014. col. 1553–1582.
591:
1324:"RIAA Believes MP3s Are A Crime: Why This Matters"
1120:
1107:"Exceptions to copyright: Guidance for consumers"
110:command onto a hard disk, and play the resulting
2162:
1392:RealNetworks v. DVD-CCA - MEMORANDUM & ORDER
596:According to Congressional reports, part of the
2068:
71:discs, as well as the extraction of video game
1074:
44:games. Later, the term was applied to ripping
27:Copying digital media to a data storage device
2054:
1452:
1099:
977:
975:
214:When the material being ripped is not in the
86:is the extracted content, in its destination
1430:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2010-07-26
1398:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2009-08-11
1379:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2009-08-11
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
513:
1180:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-06-17).
1155:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-06-17).
731:, a copy of a film created with a telecine.
307:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
90:, along with accompanying files, such as a
2061:
2047:
1459:
1445:
972:
653:support, DVD and Blu-ray Disc decryption,
641:that facilitates copying the content of a
1261:
1259:
900:
327:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:just as one would play the original DVD.
1294:
1292:
1047:"House of Commons Votes and Proceedings"
878:"UK has worst copyright laws – 'by far'"
624:Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal
1298:
955:
821:
133:is incorrectly referred to as ripping.
14:
2163:
1376:RealNetworks v. DVD-CCA (RealDVD case)
1265:
1256:
1179:
1154:
541:Executives claimed (in the context of
530:
2042:
1440:
1427:Rulemaking Fixes Critical DMCA Wrongs
1289:
931:
125:audio and video originally stored on
2013:
670:Circumvention of DVD copy protection
305:adding citations to reliable sources
272:
233:
1414:, U.S. Copyright Office, 2010-07-23
1086:, Stationery Office, 10 June 2014,
851:"UK 'has the worst copyright laws'"
548:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
136:
24:
1321:
795:List of DVD authoring applications
468:Title 17 of the United States Code
25:
2207:
1299:Cameron, Scott (3 January 2008).
755:Comparison of DVD ripper software
603:The AHRA was partially tested in
390:
2022:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1466:
683:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
605:RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia, Inc.
592:Personal copying acknowledgments
503:technological protection measure
461:
456:
277:
237:
1841:Optical disc authoring software
1418:
1402:
1383:
1367:
1343:
1334:
1315:
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1067:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1054:
1027:from the original on 2014-06-03
923:. July 31, 2013. Archived from
558:United States Solicitor General
164:file, or feeds them to another
1340:180 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999).
1039:
999:
884:. 28 July 2009. Archived from
870:
843:
822:Brodkin, Jon (July 17, 2015).
701:Electronic Frontier Foundation
350:
13:
1:
944:. 13 Dec 2012. Archived from
806:
432:technical protection measures
210:Legal aspects of file sharing
196:or ordinary (not dual-layer)
1114:Intellectual Property Office
1018:Intellectual Property Office
477:Existing copyright statutes
424:Intellectual Property Office
7:
2070:Pirated movie release types
1266:Fisher, Marc (2007-12-30).
780:Pirated movie release types
706:
579:
203:
168:to produce, for example, a
98:from the ripping software.
10:
2212:
1831:CD copy protection schemes
988:. Dec 2012. Archived from
508:
207:
29:
2191:Video conversion software
2132:
2109:
2076:
1998:
1947:
1849:
1823:
1807:
1753:Hardware/software/content
1752:
1632:
1474:
1301:"Rip This, and Sue That?"
628:digital rights management
514:Australia and New Zealand
492:
441:following a complaint by
268:
620:Federal Trade Commission
598:Audio Home Recording Act
378:
1836:CD player manufacturers
1186:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1161:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
697:Content Scramble System
688:RealNetworks v. DVD CCA
499:Copyright Act of Canada
418:noncommercial copying.
229:
190:Content Scramble System
719:Digital video recorder
415:
246:This section is empty.
220:copyright infringement
1309:National Public Radio
735:DVDScr (DVD Screener)
439:High Court of Justice
428:Statutory Instruments
410:
1850:Variants based on CD
1815:Orange-Book-Standard
562:Obama administration
466:U.S. copyright law (
301:improve this section
188:(for example, using
724:Radio music ripping
531:Opinions of ripping
406:Copyright Directive
52:files from digital
1775:Portable CD player
1655:CD copy protection
927:on March 13, 2014.
729:Telecine (copying)
543:Atlantic v. Howell
536:Recording industry
2158:
2157:
2036:
2035:
1872:Video Single Disc
1093:978-0-11-111603-6
1007:"Private Copying"
609:digital recording
556:(later appointed
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16:(Redirected from
2203:
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2056:
2049:
2040:
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2015:
2006:
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1904:Hybrid DVD-Audio
1665:CD manufacturing
1605:business card CD
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447:Musicians' Union
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248:You can help by
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137:Ripping software
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1356:. June 29, 2007
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1272:Washington Post
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1049:. 14 July 2014.
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888:on May 23, 2009
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679:copy protection
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647:hard disk drive
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552:, MGM attorney
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180:There are also
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35:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
2209:
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2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2101:Workprint (WP)
2098:
2093:
2091:Screener (SCR)
2088:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2058:
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1901:
1896:
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1864:
1859:
1857:5.1 Music Disc
1853:
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1847:
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1843:
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1833:
1827:
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1821:
1820:
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1797:Mini CD single
1789:
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1322:Singel, Ryan.
1314:
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1277:
1255:
1244:
1233:
1222:
1212:. 27 June 2012
1197:
1172:
1147:
1136:. 17 July 2015
1119:
1098:
1092:
1073:
1053:
1038:
998:
995:on 2014-05-14.
971:
954:
951:on 2014-03-28.
930:
899:
882:Consumer Focus
869:
842:
810:
808:
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803:
802:
797:
792:
790:Blu-ray ripper
787:
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772:
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472:space shifting
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391:United Kingdom
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285:
283:
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127:analog formats
26:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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2197:
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2186:Video storage
2184:
2182:
2181:Audio storage
2179:
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2176:Copyright law
2174:
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2166:
2151:
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2143:
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2124:Telesync (TS)
2122:
2120:
2117:
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2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Telecine (TC)
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2019:
2011:
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1646:
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1641:
1640:Rainbow Books
1638:
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1623:
1620:
1619:
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1606:
1603:
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1580:Mixed Mode CD
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1116:. March 2014.
1115:
1108:
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1069:
1068:
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1051:(at item 10).
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1002:
991:
984:
978:
976:
968:. 3 Aug 2011.
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770:DVD authoring
768:
766:
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758:
756:
753:
751:
750:DVD Decrypter
748:
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741:
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667:
664:
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631:
629:
625:
621:
618:In 2007, the
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462:United States
457:North America
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429:
425:
419:
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367:, as well as
366:
362:
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348:
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328:
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310:
306:
302:
296:
295:
291:
286:This section
284:
280:
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274:
260:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
235:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:public domain
211:
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187:
183:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
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146:
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134:
132:
131:vinyl records
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:shift formats
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:storage media
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2136:
1913:Scarlet Book
1669:
1660:CD emulation
1645:CD authoring
1468:Compact disc
1426:
1420:
1410:
1404:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1358:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1327:
1317:
1304:
1280:
1271:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1133:The Guardian
1131:
1122:
1101:
1082:
1076:
1065:
1056:
1041:
1031:November 15,
1029:. Retrieved
1013:
1001:
990:the original
957:
946:the original
933:
925:the original
920:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
872:
861:. Retrieved
859:. 2009-04-15
854:
845:
833:. Retrieved
829:Ars Technica
827:
740:R5 (bootleg)
693:
686:
681:scheme, the
675:
673:
634:
632:
617:
613:
604:
602:
595:
583:
574:
570:
554:Don Verrilli
546:
542:
540:
534:
517:
496:
486:
478:
476:
465:
436:
420:
416:
411:
399:
397:
394:
382:
354:
346:
341:private copy
340:
338:
323:
314:
299:Please help
287:
254:
250:adding to it
245:
213:
179:
147:
140:
116:
108:the Linux dd
100:
83:
77:
63:, including
42:Commodore 64
37:
36:
2078:Pre-release
1909:Hybrid SACD
1888:Purple Book
1808:Court cases
1782:CD recorder
1680:CD bronzing
1511:Yellow Book
1501:Orange Book
659:region-free
524:New Zealand
357:Netherlands
351:Netherlands
182:DVD rippers
2165:Categories
2145:Disk image
2134:Home video
2028:Wiktionary
1929:Picture CD
1727:Rock Ridge
1697:CD-i Ready
1687:CD subcode
1670:CD ripping
1650:CD burning
1633:Technology
1622:White Book
1589:Beige Book
1537:Green Book
1360:2012-01-08
1216:2019-11-16
1191:2019-11-16
1166:2019-11-16
1014:ipo.gov.uk
921:ipo.gov.uk
863:2010-05-22
807:References
635:DVD ripper
317:March 2014
208:See also:
129:, such as
123:digitizing
18:DVD ripper
2111:In-cinema
1970:LaserDisc
1939:VinylDisc
1792:CD single
1787:CD ripper
1770:CD player
1732:ISO 13490
1707:El Torito
1702:4ch CD-DA
1600:shaped CD
1566:(Karaoke)
1553:Blue Book
800:DVD-Video
785:HandBrake
714:CD ripper
676:effective
520:Australia
288:does not
186:encrypted
143:CD ripper
92:cue sheet
2008:Category
1975:MiniDisc
1948:See also
1934:VideoNow
1894:DualDisc
1867:CD Video
1862:ATRAC CD
1765:CD drive
1712:ISO 9660
1692:C2 error
1585:Photo CD
1491:Red Book
1022:Archived
856:BBC News
765:IFO file
707:See also
586:fair use
580:Fair use
483:case law
451:UK Music
257:May 2017
224:fair use
204:Legality
154:firmware
112:ISO file
96:log file
2171:Ripping
2137:ripping
2018:Commons
1955:Blu-ray
1919:MovieCD
1760:CD Case
1575:Mini CD
1570:Gold CD
1544:CD-Text
1140:18 July
892:29 July
835:18 July
745:Riplock
666:video.
651:Blu-ray
560:by the
509:Oceania
373:Blu-ray
355:In the
309:removed
294:sources
103:copying
73:sprites
69:Blu-ray
38:Ripping
1965:HD DVD
1924:MP3 CD
1717:Joliet
1675:CD rot
1522:CD-MRW
1507:CD-ROM
1090:
493:Canada
487:per se
449:, and
269:Europe
119:CD-ROM
88:format
1884:DD-CD
1824:Lists
1722:Romeo
1559:CD+EG
1527:CD-MO
1517:CD-RW
1487:CD-DA
1475:Discs
1396:(PDF)
1354:(PDF)
1328:Wired
1110:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
1010:(PDF)
993:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
966:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
942:(PDF)
645:to a
637:is a
443:BASCA
385:Spain
379:Spain
198:DVD-R
166:codec
54:audio
2150:PDTV
1990:WORM
1980:SACD
1899:HDCD
1879:cDVD
1744:XRCD
1612:SVCD
1595:PMCD
1564:CD+G
1532:CD-i
1497:CD-R
1142:2015
1088:ISBN
1033:2019
894:2013
837:2015
566:iPod
522:and
497:The
371:and
365:SACD
292:any
290:cite
230:Asia
194:CD-R
170:FLAC
162:AIFF
150:LPCM
67:and
2196:DVD
2119:Cam
1985:UMD
1960:DVD
1739:UDF
1617:VCD
1549:CD+
1305:NPR
775:VOB
760:BUP
663:MP4
643:DVD
518:In
479:may
383:In
369:DVD
303:by
252:.
174:MP3
172:or
160:or
158:WAV
94:or
84:rip
65:DVD
57:CDs
50:MP3
48:or
46:WAV
32:Rip
2167::
2086:R5
1482:CD
1326:.
1307:.
1303:.
1291:^
1270:.
1258:^
1208:.
1184:.
1159:.
1130:.
1112:.
1064:.
1020:.
1016:.
1012:.
974:^
919:.
902:^
880:.
853:.
826:.
814:^
633:A
489:.
445:,
363:,
361:CD
141:A
75:.
2062:e
2055:t
2048:v
1460:e
1453:t
1446:v
1363:.
1330:.
1311:.
1274:.
1219:.
1194:.
1169:.
1144:.
1035:.
896:.
866:.
839:.
550:'
330:)
324:(
319:)
315:(
311:.
297:.
259:)
255:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.