Decline of newspapers

580: 853: 241: 786: 289: 256:, and precipitous drops in circulation. The U.S. saw the loss of an average of two newspapers per week between late 2019 and May 2022, leaving an estimated 70 million people in places that are already news deserts and areas that are in high risk of becoming so. Prior to that steep decline, newspapers' weekday circulation had fallen 7% and Sunday circulation 4% in the United States, their greatest declines since 2010. If the trend continues, a third of newspapers will be lost by 2025, according to a 2022 study published by 306:'s arrival in the 1950s began the decline of newspapers as most people's source of daily news. But the explosion of the Internet in the 1990s increased the range of media choices available to the average reader while further cutting into newspapers' dominance as the source of news. Television and the Internet both bring news to the consumer faster and in a more visual style than newspapers, which are constrained by their physical format and their physical manufacturing and distribution. Competing mediums also offer 1388: 961:, such as that from newspapers' proprietary Web sites, are often a fraction of the sums generated by the previous advertisement- and circulation-driven revenue streams, and so newspapers have been forced to curtail their overhead while simultaneously trying to entice new users. With revenues plummeting, many newspapers have slashed news bureaus and journalists, while still attempting to publish compelling content—much of it more interactive, more lifestyle-driven and more celebrity-conscious. 1159: 1170: 167: 872:, has also changed the habits of readers. Instead of perusing general interest publications, such as newspapers, readers are more likely to seek particular writers, blogs or sources of information through targeted searches, rendering the agglomeration of newspapers increasingly irrelevant. "Power is shifting to the individual journalist from the news outlet with more people seeking out names through search, e-mail, blogs and social media," the industry publication 646: 66: 106: 25: 1201:, for instance, rank among the top 20 global news sites. But those consumers are now reading newspapers online for free, and although newspapers have been able to convert some of that viewership into ad dollars, it is a trickle compared to previous sources. At most newspapers, Web advertising accounts for only 10%–15% of revenues. 818:(WAN) painted a stark picture of the threat posed to newspapers by the search engine giants. "Perhaps never in the history of newspaper publishing has a single, commercial entity threatened to exert this much control over the destiny of the press," said the Paris-based global newspaper organization of the proposed pact. 1341:

Research has linked closures of newspapers to declines in civic engagement of citizens, increases in government waste, and increases in political polarization. The decline of local news has also been linked to the increased "nationalization" of local elections. As citizens have fewer opportunities to

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With profits falling, many newspapers have cut back on their most expensive reporting projects—overseas bureaus and investigative journalism. Some investigative projects often take months, with their payoff uncertain. In the past, larger newspapers often devoted a portion of their editorial budget to

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The circulation decline, coupled with a 23% drop in 2008 newspaper ad revenues, have proven a double whammy for some newspaper chains. Combined with the current recession, the cloudy outlook for future profits has meant that many newspapers put on the block have been unable to find buyers, who remain

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As their revenues have been squeezed, newspapers have also been increasingly assailed by other media taking away not only their readers but their principal sources of profit. Many of these 'new media' are not saddled with expensive union contracts, printing presses, delivery fleets and overhead built

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But even as pixels replace print, and as newspapers undergo wrenching surgery, necessitating deep cutbacks, reallocation of remaining reporters, and the slashing of decades-old overhead, some observers remain optimistic. What emerges may be "newspapers" unrecognizable to older readers, but which may

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Observers point out that the reliability and accountability of newspapers is being replaced by a sea of anonymous bloggers, many with uncertain credentials and points of view. Where once the reader of a daily newspaper might consume reporting, for instance, by an established Cairo bureau chief for a

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in 2007, "it seems improbable that newspapers can survive with a cost structure at least 50% higher than their nimbler and cheaper Internet competitors." The problem facing newspapers is generational: while in 2005 an estimated 70% of older Americans read a newspaper daily, fewer than 20% of younger

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shows that the number of newspapers per hundred million population fell from 1,200 (in 1945) to 400 in 2014. Over that same period, circulation per capita declined from 35 percent in the mid-1940s to under 15 percent. The number of newspaper journalists has decreased from 43,000 in 1978 to 33,000 in

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aren't those people putting reporters on the street in any number. Blogs cannot afford it." Many newspapers also suffer from the broad trend toward "fragmentation" of all media—in which small numbers of large media outlets attempting to serve substantial portions of the population are replaced by an

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have decimated the classified advertising departments of newspapers, some of which depended on classifieds for 70% of their ad revenue. Research has shown that Craigslist cost the newspaper industry $ 5.4 billion from 2000 to 2007, and that changes on the classified side of newspaper business led to

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In 2016, for the third year in a row, the CareerCast survey of the best and worst jobs in the U.S. reports that a newspaper reporter is the worst career. It pointed to fewer job prospects because of publications closing down, and declining ad revenue providing less money for salaries. Being an over

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Depending on location and circumstances, each specific newspaper will face varied threats and changes. In some cases, new owners have increased their reliance on print, not trying to rely a lot more on digital services. However, in most cases, there is an attempt to find new revenue sources online

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and consumer trust that newspapers have built over decades. But revenues from online editions have come nowhere near matching previous print income from circulation and advertising sales, since they get only about one-tenth to one-twentieth the revenue for a Web reader that they do for a print

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In general, smaller newspapers are worth more in relative terms than large papers. "A newspaper in small-to-medium markets tends to be worth more on a relative basis than a big–city paper," notes longtime newspaper analyst John Morton. "Big cities tend to have more media outlets competing for

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While newspaper companies continue to produce much of the award-winning journalism, consumers of that journalism are less willing to pay for it in a world where information on the Web is plentiful and free. Plans for Web-based subscription services have largely faltered, with the exception of

1215:, more people in the United States got their news for free on the Internet than paid for it by buying a newspaper or magazine. "With newspapers entering bankruptcy even as their audience grows, the threat is not just to the companies that own them, but also the news itself," observed writer 924:

Critics of the newspaper as a medium also argue that while today's newspapers may appear visually different from their predecessors a century ago, in many respects they have changed little and have failed to keep pace with changes in society. The technology revolution has meant that readers

3406:, "many in the mainstream media, including The New York Times, lost their veneer of unassailable trustworthiness for many readers and viewers, and it became clear that new media sources could be trusted — and indeed are often much quicker a correcting mistakes than old media sources." 797:

The challenges facing the industry are not limited to the United States, or even English-speaking markets. Newspapers in Switzerland and the Netherlands, for instance, have lost half of their classified advertising to the Internet. At its annual convention slated for May 2009, in

1313:, "that the Web allows (okay, forces) them to concentrate on developing expertise in a narrower set of issues and interests, while helping journalists from other places and publications find new audiences." The 'newspaper' of the future, say Hirschorn and others, may resemble 326:

an increase in subscription prices, a decrease in display advertising rates, and impacted the online strategy of some newspapers. At the same time, newspapers have been pinched by consolidation of large department stores, which once accounted for substantial advertising sums.

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declined in 2017 and 2018 as well. In June 2018, a poll conducted by the Pew Research Center revealed a 9% decline in digital circulation of newspapers during the year 2017, suggesting that revenue from newspapers online could not offset the decline in print circulation.

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for newspapers remain at 11%. But that figure is falling rapidly, and in many cases is inadequate to service the debt that some newspaper companies took on during better times. And while circulation has dropped 2% annually for years, that decline has accelerated.

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By March 2018, it was acknowledged that the digital circulation for major newspapers was declining as well, leading to speculation that the entire newspaper industry in the United States was dying off. Circulation for once promising online news sites such as

936:, the newspaper remains more popular than Internet and broadcast media. Even where the problems are felt most keenly, in North America and Europe, there have been recent success stories, such as the dramatic rise of free daily newspapers, like those of 1376:. The study supported the hypothesis that "the loss of professional expertise in coverage of local government has negative consequences for the quality of city politics because citizens become less informed about local policies and elections." 2070:

While newspapers earnings have suffered, the value of newspaper franchises has suffered more. Because the equity markets attempt to price future earnings, newspaper share values have swooned because of the uncertainty of their future revenue

840:, where the proliferation of free dailies helped bolster overall circulation figures. While Internet revenues are rising for the industry, the bulk of its Web revenues come from a few areas, with most revenue generated in the United States, 349:

over decades. Many of these competitors are simply 'aggregators' of news, often derived from print sources, but without print media's capital-intensive overhead. One estimate put the percentage of online news derived from newspapers at 80%.

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for having a share price below $ 1, in September 2009, it was able to overcome this threat. Others have not been so lucky. In 2008 and 2009, three other U.S. newspaper chains have seen their shares delisted by the New York Stock Exchange.)

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and which have published their work online have had a significant rise in viewership. The decline of newspapers has various adverse consequences, in particular at the local level. Research has linked closures of newspapers to declines in

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Where once the ability to disseminate information was restricted to those with printing presses or broadcast mechanisms, the Internet has enabled thousands of individual commentators to communicate directly with others through blogs or

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initial pay service, lasted exactly two years before the company abandoned it. However, they later brought back paid services and now allow visitors only 10 free articles per month before requiring them to purchase a subscription.

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printed it's last daily edition, becoming a weekly only newspaper under the new name The London Standard as it had become unprofitable to continue daily printing, with an increase in working from home and access to wi-fi on the

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chain of newspapers in 2005. Since its $ 6.5 billion Knight Ridder purchase, McClatchy's stock has lost more than 98% of its value. McClatchy subsequently announced large layoffs and executive pay cuts, as its shares fell into

968:, those cuts often spur more and deeper circulation declines—triggering more loss of ad revenues. "No industry can cut its way to future success," says industry analyst John Morton. "At some point the business must improve." 2689:

Google's CEO Eric Schmidt recently revealed that the company had considered, but then abandoned, the thought of purchasing a newspaper itself or using its charitable arm to support news businesses seeking non-profit status.

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Much of that experimentation may happen in the world's fastest-growing newspaper markets. "The number of newspapers and their circulation has declined the world over except in India and China," according to former

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committee report revealed that over 300 local newspaper titles closed between 2009 and 2019, and that those who remain are having to compete with fewer resources and journalists against online news providers.

921:. "If we do not take advantage of the current movement toward paid content, it will be the content creators—the people in this hall—who will pay the ultimate price and the content kleptomaniacs who triumph." 2983:

The troubles in the U.S. newspaper market, while acute, aren't universal. Large newspapers are suffering more than small. "The great majority of America's 1200 daily newspapers are doing pretty well," notes

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said, "this is an industry in crisis." The only previous cancellation of an ASNE annual convention since the group's creation in 1923 was in 1945. Since 1945 the industry has weathered 10 national economic

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said "With the shift towards online readership swallowing up traditional print revenues, many local newspapers which have served their communities for years have struggled to keep their heads above water".

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in January 2009, "is that for the foreseeable future our business will continue to be a mix of print and online journalism, with the growth online offsetting the (gradual, we hope) decline of print". The

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In September 2008, the World Association of Newspapers called for regulators to block a proposed Google–Yahoo! advertising partnership, calling it a threat to newspaper industry revenues worldwide. The

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The closure of local newspapers has created a phenomenon of news deserts. A June 2022 report estimates that approximately 70 million Americans live in a county with one or no local news organization.

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such efforts, but with ad dollars drying up, many papers are looking closer at the productivity of individual reporters, and judging speculative investments in investigative reports as non-essential.

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Even as some large newspapers for sale in the United States have been unable to find buyers, the market for smaller community newspapers, which have faced less online competition, has held up better.

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services. Even open journalism projects like Knowledge have contributed to the reordering of the media landscape, as readers are no longer restricted to established print organs for information.

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To survive, newspapers are considering combining and other options, although the outcome of such partnerships has been criticized. Despite these problems, newspaper companies with significant

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2015. Other traditional news media have also suffered. Since 1980, the television networks have lost half their audience for evening newscasts; the audience for radio news has shrunk by 40%.

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With social media sites overtaking TV as a source for news for young people, news organisations have become increasingly reliant on social media platforms for generating traffic. A report by

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in the 21st century is region dependent. Data supports that in the U.S and Europe popularity and sales are wavering. In these regions, industry is facing slumping ad sales, the loss of much

1264:, Internet only. In the meantime, the transition from the printed page to whatever comes next will likely be fraught with challenges, both for the newspaper industry and for its consumers. 1345:

Studies have found that declines in employment in the newspaper industry have led to a massive reduction in the amount of political coverage by newspapers. A study published in 2021 in

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journalism professor Mitchell Stephens has called for a turn toward "wisdom journalism" that will take a more evaluative, investigative, informed, and possibly even opinionated stance.

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called "a rock-bottom price" of less than $ 50 million—essentially a real estate purchase. (The newspaper was estimated to have been worth roughly $ 1 billion as recently as 2004.) The

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were overtaking television as a source for news for young people and news organisations have become increasingly reliant on social media platforms for generating traffic. A report by

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editor Mark Fitzgerald. "Even some of the big papers in the most troubled chains are still churning out profit margins in the high teens. That's three or four times the margins of

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The bill would exempt from taxes newspapers income from advertising and subscriptions. and money spent on news gathering would be tax deductible. So far the bill has only Senator

929:. The expanding reach of broadband Internet access means such updates have become commonplace for many users, especially the more affluent, an audience cultivated by advertisers. 4945: 2303: 317:

The Internet has also gone a step further than television in eroding the advertising income of newspapers, as — unlike broadcast media—it proves a convenient vehicle for

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Some observers have compared the dilemma to that faced by the music industry. "What's going on in the news business is a lot like what's happening with music," said editor

4762: 2609:, a member of the World Association of Newspapers but representing 90% of American newspaper publishers, declined to endorse the WAN objections to the Google-Yahoo pact. 2161:

would have had $ 89 by December 2008 — a similar investment of $ 100 in group of the largest newspaper company stocks would have yielded just $ 18 by year end 2008.

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edition familiar to older readers. It may become a hybrid, part-print and part-Internet, or perhaps eventually, as has happened with several newspapers, including the

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editor Paul Steiger, for instance, hopes that its 18 reporters will be able to release their investigative reports free, courtesy of partnerships with such outlets as

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Since the beginning of 2009, the United States has seen a number of major metropolitan dailies shuttered or drastically pruned after no buyers emerged, including the

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Ironically, these dilemmas facing the newspaper industry come as its product has never been more sought-after. "The peculiar fact about the current crisis", writes

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once described the profits flowing from his stable of newspapers as "rivers of gold", but several years later said, "sometimes rivers dry up." "Simply put", wrote

1984: 1039:, which have been able to generate substantial revenues from subscribers whose subscriptions are often underwritten by corporate employers. (Subscriptions to the 4922: 421:

From 2005 to 2021, about 2,200 American local print newspapers closed. From 2008 to 2020, the number of American newspaper journalists fell by more than half.

2857: 2786: 1208:, a 43-year journalism veteran, who further added that free distribution of content through the Internet has caused "a total collapse of the business model". 495:, publisher of the eponymous bankrupt newspaper, fielded a meager $ 5 million cash bid, plus assumption of debt, for assets last claimed worth $ 310 million. 2552:

announced they were cancelling their annual convention due to the industry meltdown. In making the announcement, ASNE President Charlotte Hall, editor of

815: 807: 2672:. Social Science Research Network publishing working paper 17-37 of the Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. p. 37 (Fig. 3). 2229: 1093:

Some advocates have suggested that instead of investigative reports funded by newspapers, that non-profit foundations pick up the slack. The non-profit

993:"It is the fundamental problem facing the industry," writes newspaper analyst Morton. "It's probably not going away. And no one has figured a way out." 3398:, whose early reporting on the events leading to the war in Iraq went largely unchallenged in mainstream media. "In the run up to the Iraq war", says 1742: 345:, "if cable and satellite broadcasting, as well as the Internet, had come along first, newspapers as we know them probably would never have existed." 4801: 1342:

read about local politics, they are attracted to national sources (such as cable news) and begin to interpret local politics via national politics.

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major newspaper, today that same reader might be directed by a search engine to an anonymous blogger with cloudy allegiances, training or ability.

725:. One industry report predicted that 1 in 10 UK print publications would cut its frequency of publication in half, go online only or shut in 2009. 2385: 1347: 3495: 4892: 4757: 1945: 177: 3312: 3189: 1235:

the air broadcaster was the third worst, and advertising sales is in the bottom 10. Average annual salary for print journalists is $ 37,200.

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in those cities. The data demonstrated that newspapers with relatively sharp cuts in newsroom staff had, on average, significantly reduced

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The revenue streams that newspapers counted on to subsidize their product have changed irrevocably: in 2008, according to a study by the

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accustomed to waiting for a daily newspaper can now receive up-to-the-minute updates from Web portals, bloggers and new services such as

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In response to charges of lack of credentials or unverified reporting, bloggers often point to their role in examining the reporting of

2146:, the figure would be higher except that the Exchange eased its listing requirements temporarily because of the global financial crisis. 2103: 4907: 4831: 3284: 2993: 2767: 2162: 2147: 1372:

in campaigns for mayor. The research also found evidence suggesting that lower levels of newsroom staffing were associated with lower

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in newspaper may go away, insist industry stalwarts, but the news will remain. "Paper is dying," said Nick Bilton, a technologist for

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be more timely, more topical and more flexible. Less competition from other local printers will also be a major determining factor.

1294:, told an International Newsroom Summit in London that "We will stop printing the New York Times sometime in the future, date TBD." 4747: 4600: 2620: 1062:

Within the industry, there is little consensus on the best strategy for survival. Some pin their hopes on new technologies such as

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In response to falling ad revenues and plunging circulation, many newspapers have cut staff as well as editorial content, and in a

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Of the world's 100 best-selling daily newspapers, 74 are published in Asia—with China, Japan and India accounting for 62 of those.

3222: 2580: 4841: 4638: 1957: 729: 4628: 2485: 2444: 913:

and plagiarists will soon have to pay a price for the co-opting of our content," Rupert Murdoch told the World Media Summit in

458:, slashed home delivery to three days a week, while prodding readers to visit the newspapers' Internet sites on other days. In 38: 3620: 2117: 5097: 4826: 4796: 4717: 4430: 4285: 4266: 4197: 3965: 3786: 2716: 2183: 1752: 475:

A number of other large, financially troubled newspapers are seeking buyers. One of the few large dailies finding a buyer is

3426: 1808: 4857: 4712: 4578: 3704: 2201: 2037: 1463: 879: 126: 80: 3870:

Dunaway, Johanna L.; Hitt, Matthew P.; Darr, Joshua P. (December 1, 2018). "Newspaper Closures Polarize Voting Behavior".

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also announced that it would set aside funds for investigative reporting. Other industry observers are now clamoring for

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abundance of smaller and more specialized organizations, often aiming only to serve specific interest groups. So-called

5002: 4887: 4126:"Political Consequences of the Endangered Local Watchdog: Newspaper Decline and Mayoral Elections in the United States" 3519: 3407: 2929: 2082: 1994: 965: 2691: 4897: 4882: 4806: 2471:"More support needed to halt damaging decline of local journalism, DCMS Committee warns - Committees - UK Parliament" 1078:

magazine, have advocated a system that includes both subscriptions as well as micro-payments for individual stories.

225: 207: 148: 52: 1663: 1485: 5125: 4752: 4583: 4170:(Temple University Press; 236 pages) uses fieldwork, archival research, and social-network analysis to analyze the 3710: 3664: 3422: 2908: 2861: 2606: 2562: 2549: 1407: 375:

has splintered audiences into smaller and smaller slivers. But newspapers have not been alone in this: the rise of

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allows advertisers to tailor their pitch to readers who have revealed what they are seeking—an enormous advantage.

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concerned with increasing competition, dwindling profits and a business model that seems increasingly antiquated.

579: 576:, increased earnings in 2008 despite a drop in newspaper profits, thanks to diversification away from publishing. 5080: 4573: 4446: 1010:

having to employ large social media teams to optimise their posts and maximise traffic. Major publishers such as

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has titled the convention's subject "Newspapers Focus on Print & Advertising Revenues in Difficult Times".

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that are less based on print sales. How much further ad sales will decline cannot be predicted with accuracy.

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warned that the print newspaper business could become loss-making within 5 years. On 19 September 2024, the

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Some newspaper analysts believe the wisest move is embracing the Internet, and exploiting the considerable

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Future of Newspapers, Walter Isaacson, Mort Zuckerman, Robert Thomson, Charlie Rose Show, charlierose.com

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Turkel, Eray; Saha, Anish; Owen, Rhett Carson; Martin, Gregory J.; Vasserman, Shoshana (July 27, 2021).

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Financial returns on newspaper stocks have been dismal for a decade. An investor who put $ 100 into the

4607: 4344: 3584: 3563: 3052: 1696: 1668: 1287: 1248: 985: 432: 189: 44: 280:. The decline of local news has also been linked to the increased nationalization of local elections. 5017: 4927: 4595: 4568: 4435: 4308: 3727: 3505: 2525: 2339: 1333:. "The world is becoming more digital but technology has helped newspapers as much as the Internet." 1046:

s paid Web site were up 7% in 2008.) Some general-interest newspapers, even high-profile papers like

353: 1607: 1194: 1097:, a $ 10-million-a-year foundation devoted solely to investigative reporting and overseen by former 5012: 4767: 4643: 4531: 3322: 3199: 2043: 1286:, "but it's just a device. Replacing it with pixels is a better experience." On September 8, 2010, 852: 745: 4366: 2893: 302:

The newspaper industry has always been cyclical, and the industry has weathered previous troughs.

4722: 4590: 4323: 4252: 3168: 3147: 3120: 2662: 2143: 2018: 1989: 1352: 1324: 1216: 1190:, "is that even as big papers have become less profitable they've arguably become more popular." 1023: 765: 539: 487: 438: 257: 4125: 3005: 1004:

described how a 'second wave of disruption' had hit news organisations, with publishers such as

546:

Other newspaper company valuations have been similarly punished: the stocks of Gannett Company,

402:

described how a 'second wave of disruption' had hit news organisations, with publishers such as

4742: 4475: 2888: 1602: 857: 613: 515: 384: 318: 277: 253: 185: 119: 4504:"The Scariest Thing about the Newspaper Business Isn't Print's Decline, It's Digital's Growth" 3649: 620:. The Newspaper Revitalization Act would allow newspapers to operate as nonprofits similar to 5039: 4992: 4388: 4008: 3747: 2985: 2711: 2308: 2178: 1944:

Some estimate that of the 50 largest daily newspaper in America, 19 are operating in the red.

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reader; many struggle to maintain their previous levels of reporting amidst eroding profits.

874: 628: 522: 492: 3579: 3369: 3294: 983:"As succeeding generations grow up with the Web and lose the habit of reading print", noted 5115: 4067: 1360: 734: 380: 4307:"Newspapers as Luxury Goods: Murdoch and Sulzberger Have More in Common Than It Appears", 4246:

The Decline of the Daily Newspaper: How an American Institution Lost the Online Revolution

2363: 130: 83:. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. 8: 5075: 5007: 3669: 3403: 3353: 2969: 2913: 2206: 2121: 1588:"Responses to Entry in Multi-Sided Markets: The Impact of Craigslist on Local Newspapers" 1315: 1297: 1212: 1198: 1193:

As the demand for news has exploded, so have consumers of the output of newspapers. Both

1138: 1026:(AI) technology to post stories more effectively and generate higher volumes of traffic. 942: 621: 583:

In 2021, an abandoned newspaper box in Mesa, Arizona with a newspaper from 3 years prior.

426: 321:, particularly in categories such as jobs, vehicles, and real estate. Free services like 240: 4071: 3263: 2858:"Abandoning the News, Carnegie Reporter, Carnegie Corporation of New York, carnegie.org" 1364:

matched 11 local newspapers in California to the municipalities they cover and analyzed

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said job cuts would be deeper than expected, spanning its newspapers, which include the

659:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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having to employ large social media teams to optimise their posts and maximise traffic.

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advertising, and big–city newspapers are more likely to have onerous union contracts."

3625: 3605: 3448: 3399: 3390: 3226: 3173: 3152: 3125: 3031: 3010: 2743: 2625: 2584: 2384:

Elaine C. Kamarck and Ashley Gabriele, "The news today: 7 trends in old and new media"

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found that the average share of news stories in local newspapers in the U.S. that were

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Some newspaper chains that have purchased other papers have seen stock values plummet.

503: 448: 294: 3982: 3665:"Arthur Sulzberger: 'We Will Stop Printing The New York Times Sometime In The Future'" 3558: 5102: 4281: 4262: 4193: 4186: 4149: 4103: 4085: 4040: 4028: 3961: 3940: 3928: 3887: 3827: 3782: 2791: 2359: 1748: 1740: 1393: 997: 709: 535: 358: 4237: 3957:

The Increasingly United States: How and Why American Political Behavior Nationalized

2843: 2448: 2279: 2013: 1882: 4223: 4137: 4093: 4075: 4020: 3918: 3879: 3815: 3774: 3245: 2554: 2513: 2502: 2486:"Mirror publisher's boss warns print titles could become loss-making in five years" 2158: 1998: 1612: 1442: 1187: 1063: 1018: 972: 889: 860:

shows a rise in audio-visual and digital advertising at the expense of print media.

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print edition ceased circulation. In January, the chain Associated Newspapers, now

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A Web Site's For-Profit Approach to World News, The New York Times, March 22, 2009

1050:, were forced to experiment with their initial paid Internet subscription models. 5051: 4554: 4410: 4393: 4349: 4322:"Washington Post appears to be a dinosaur – but has already evolved", 4256: 3819: 3803: 3714: 3601:"4 Michigan Markets Will Lose Daily Newspapers, As Ailing Industry Tries to Cope" 3500: 3317: 3194: 2943: 2839: 2816: 2566: 1866: 1329: 1123: 1074: 910: 903: 865: 721: 703:

as it announced a 24% decline in 2008 ad revenues. In March 2009, parent company

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to introduce a bill in March 2009 allowing newspaper companies to restructure as

572: 555: 547: 469: 459: 3559:"Overload!, Journalism's Battle for Relevance in an Age of Too Much Information" 909:

But the search engine experience has left some newspaper proprietors cold. "The

4966: 4912: 4696: 4313: 4300: 4228: 4211: 3479: 3094: 3047: 2663:"Measuring the "Free" Digital Economy Within the GDP and Productivity Accounts" 2661:

Nakamura, Leonard I.; Samuels, Jon; Soloveichik, Rachel H. (October 24, 2017).

2583:. Paris, France: World Association of Newspapers. February 2009. Archived from 2087: 1701: 1179: 958: 841: 837: 677: 563: 482: 464: 392: 342: 332: 3923: 3906: 5140: 4681: 4676: 4659: 4141: 4089: 4032: 3932: 3891: 3545: 3395: 2545: 2530: 1373: 1006: 825: 754: 605: 551: 526: 499: 404: 388: 372: 311: 4080: 1169: 4508: 4328: 4207: 4107: 3268: 2257: 1809:"Print still has a future, and Le Monde can prove it. Aux armes, citoyens!" 1636: 1616: 1309: 1242:

Ultimately, the newspaper of the future may bear little resemblance to the

1205: 1158: 1107: 760: 737: 715: 559: 525:, the nation's third-largest newspaper company, was the only bidder on the 507: 3778: 1136:, a national organization of over 200 similar independent news providers. 5045: 4686: 4295: 4181: 3883: 2647: 2400: 1931: 1779: 1673: 1401: 1268: 833: 567: 531: 498:

Large newspaper chains filing bankruptcy as of February 2009 include the

307: 3708: 3073: 2581:"Newspapers Focus on Print & Advertising Revenue in Difficult Times" 2560: 1717: 4495: 4415: 4024: 3546:"Newspaper reporter rated worst job in America", FOX5NY, 14 April, 2000 3374: 2989: 2335: 1113: 1094: 951: 609: 593: 322: 303: 2230:"How new media firms such as Vice and BuzzFeed are losing their gloss" 1121:

founded an alternative, locally-based nonprofit online newspaper, the

4056:"A method for measuring investigative journalism in local newspapers" 1908: 1664:"Buffeted: Newspapers Are Paying the Price for Shortsighted Thinking" 1243: 886: 799: 749: 694: 617: 597: 4009:"Paper Cuts: How Reporting Resources Affect Political News Coverage" 3907:"Local News, Information, and the Nationalization of U.S. Elections" 3345:""Huffington Plans Investigative Journalism Venture", David Bauder, 2965:"A Newspaper Chain Sees Its Future, And It's Online and Hyper-Local" 2569: 4961: 4278:

Changing the News: The Forces Shaping Journalism in Uncertain Times

3241: 2948: 1068: 1012: 947: 589: 442:

narrowly averted closure when employees made steep concessions. In

4523: 3770:

News Hole: The Demise of Local Journalism and Political Engagement

2930:"Google Executive, N.Y. Times Wrestle in New Jersey for Local Ads" 1741:

Richard Campbell; Christopher R. Martin; Bettina G. Fabos (2008).

3285:"Letter from Washington: A Vibrant Democracy Requires Newspapers" 1307:"Journalistic outlets will discover", wrote Michael Hirschorn in 1143: 926: 914: 558:'s stock faring better than most, thanks to diversification into 443: 4440: 2142:

With three large newspaper chains having been booted out of the

468:, said it would cease publishing on March 21, 2009, when parent 4946:

List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession

4168:

Rebuilding the News: Metropolitan Journalism in the Digital Age

4123: 937: 869: 367: 363: 352:"Newspapers are doing the reporting in this country," observed 2174:"Pearson 2008 Profit Up — No Thanks to 'Financial Times'" 680:, newspaper publishers have been similarly hit. In late 2008, 554:

traded at less than two dollars per share by March 2009, with

2120:(Press release). McClatchy. September 4, 2009. Archived from 1413:

Social media and political communication in the United States

1277: 1132:

was shut down, and not long afterward joined what is now the

1082: 933: 918: 803: 264: 176:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

4781: 4443:

Tracks newspaper closings, openings, mergers, format changes

4258:

Losing the News: The Future of the News That Feeds Democracy

2621:"Newspapers Worldwide (Minus U.S.) Oppose Google-Yahoo Deal" 1697:"Out of Print: The Death and Life of the American Newspaper" 1464:"Report Details the Expansion of News Deserts Across the US" 1404:, a community that is no longer covered by daily journalists 624:

companies, barring them from making political endorsements.

2707:"Specifics on Newspapers from 'State of News Media' Report" 1883:"Workers OK Deal in Effort to Save San Francisco Chronicle" 829: 411: 3983:"Loss of newspapers contributes to political polarization" 3367: 2660: 2445:"Journalism Job Losses: Tracking Cuts Across the Industry" 2304:"Senate Bill Would Allow Tax-Exempt Status for Newspapers" 2280:"Trends and Facts on Newspapers | State of the News Media" 1837:"Local news deserts are expanding: Here's what we'll lose" 1319:

more than anything flung at today's stoops and driveways.

4812:

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

3449:"Statistics of U.S. Businesses 2012 Historical Data Page" 3520:"US newspapers continuing to die at rate of 2 each week" 2044:"Freedom Communications Files for Bankruptcy Protection" 1511:"Newspaper Execs Treading Carefully on Anti-trust Laws" 4923:

National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession

2352:"A Morning-After Take on the Nonprofit Newspaper Bill" 2253:"The Media's Post-Advertising Future Is Also Its Past" 898:, "each of us is our own editor, our own gatekeeper." 3368:

Nichols, John; Robert W. McChensey (March 18, 2009).

2036:. Associated Press. February 23, 2009. Archived from 4275: 4053: 3006:"Newspaper Circulation Continues to Decline Rapidly" 2768:"What newspaper history says about newspaper future" 2650:. The Local, Sweden's News in English. June 2, 2008. 2387:

Center for Effective Public Management at Brookings,

1383: 836:, but fell in other regions of the world, including 4367:"As Cities Go From Two Papers to One, Talk of Zero" 1958:"San Diego Union-Tribune being sold to equity firm" 1533:"The Newspaper Economic Action Plan: A sense check" 816:

World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers

808:

World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers

777:being cited as reasons for declining circulation. 752:who owns several national newspapers including the 5042:(Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009) 4342: 4185: 4119: 4117: 3843:"The Hidden Costs of Losing Your City's Newspaper" 3121:"Times to Stop Charging for Parts of Its Web Site" 2202:"A once unimaginable scenario: No more newspapers" 1802: 1800: 174:The examples and perspective in this introduction 3370:"The Death and Life of Great American Newspapers" 2787:"'Knowledge Revolution' United Users on Internet" 2200:McLennan, Douglas; Miles, Jack (March 21, 2018). 5138: 4850: 3804:"Dead Newspapers and Citizens' Civic Engagement" 3728:"A Web Site's For-Profit Approach to World News" 2514:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cyrr0yex40yo 2503:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckgvl44nq2no 2118:"McClatchy Receives Compliance Notice From NYSE" 1585: 4498:, tracks layoffs and buyouts at U.S. newspapers 4114: 4060:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3869: 3148:"Can I get a subscription to NYTimes.com only?" 2809: 2034:"More Newspaper Shake-ups Loom with Chapter 11" 2012:Ovide, Shira; Adams, Russell (March 19, 2009). 1904:"Newspaper Closings Raise Fears About Industry" 1797: 1164:Newspaper Association of America published data 1066:or radical revisions of the newspaper, such as 192:, or create a new introduction, as appropriate. 4893:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 4758:Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight 4447:Newspaper Death Watch, newspaperdeathwatch.com 4294:"Why India's Newspaper Industry is Thriving", 3578:Richman, Dan; James, Andrea (March 17, 2009). 3095:"So you think you chose to read this article?" 2812:"Murdoch Blasts Search Engine 'Kleptomaniacs'" 2700: 2698: 2250: 2227: 1862:"Seattle Post-Intelligencer to Go Online Only" 1355:had declined significantly beginning in 2018. 436:, reduced to a bare-bones Internet operation. 4539: 3580:"Seattle P-I to Publish Last Edition Tuesday" 2297: 2295: 2293: 2199: 1002:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 950:market, local weekly shoppers, and so-called 878:noted in summarizing a recent study from the 562: — and away from publishing. Similarly, 400:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 4817:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 3766: 3577: 3262:Hirschorn, Michael (January–February 2009). 3257: 3255: 2654: 1773: 1771: 1586:Seamans, Robert; Zhu, Feng (February 2014). 764:as well as several local titles such as the 4343:Edgecliffe-Johnson, Andrew (May 17, 2009). 4188:Googled: The End of the World As We Know It 3767:Hayes, Danny; Lawless, Jennifer L. (2021). 3650:"Times Techie Envisions The Future of News" 3242:"Chronicle of the Newspaper Death Foretold" 2695: 2648:"Newspapers see sales and ad revenue climb" 2195: 2193: 1173:Number of newspapers in the United States 244:Newspapers on sale in Rome, Italy, May 2005 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4954: 4908:Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 4832:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility 4546: 4532: 4364: 4124:Meghan E. Rubado; Jay T. Jennings (2020). 3598: 3557:Nordenson, Bree (November–December 2008). 3472: 3119:Perez-Pena, Richard (September 18, 2007). 3118: 3086: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3003: 2301: 2290: 2011: 1632:"Murdoch Predicts Gloomy Future for Press" 1557: 1117:. The online editor of the aforementioned 868:, primarily through large engines such as 395:is another example of this fragmentation. 310:moving images and sound. And the Internet 129:. Please do not remove this message until 5088:Effects of the Great Recession on museums 4918:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 4802:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 4227: 4212:"New economic models for U.S. journalism" 4097: 4079: 3922: 3904: 3556: 3261: 3252: 2104:"Newspaper Winners and Losers: McClatchy" 1901: 1780:"Young using social media to access news" 1777: 1768: 1606: 1483: 1267:"My expectation," wrote executive editor 946:, as well as papers targeted towards the 226:Learn how and when to remove this message 208:Learn how and when to remove this message 149:Learn how and when to remove this message 4782:Government policy and spending responses 4748:Government National Mortgage Association 4501: 4454:"The Paper that doesn't want to be free" 4408: 4006: 3621:"Talk to the Newsroom: Executive Editor" 3493: 3187: 3181: 3004:Perez-Pena, Richard (October 27, 2008). 2927: 2838: 2190: 2101: 2080: 1985:"Platinum's Newspaper Deal: Not A Trend" 1929: 1694: 1657: 1655: 1629: 1560:"How Did Newspapers Get In This Pickle?" 1461: 1168: 1157: 851: 784: 578: 412:Performance in the market (2000–present) 287: 239: 125:Relevant discussion may be found on the 79:Relevant discussion may be found on the 4842:2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package 4451: 4276:Lowrey, Wilson; Gade, Peter J. (2011). 4180: 3953: 3473:Surowiecki, James (December 22, 2008). 3411: 3306: 3304: 3225:. ValleyWag, Gawker.com. Archived from 3167:Kristof, Nicholas D. (March 18, 2009). 3166: 3071: 3060: 3045: 3024: 2844:"News Has a Bright Future, Author Says" 2427:"UK Daily Mail group to cut 1,000 jobs" 2401:"Independent to cease as print edition" 2360:The Poynter Institute for Media Studies 2349: 2014:"San Diego Paper Lands Fire-Sale Buyer" 1806: 1029: 971:Overall, in the United States, average 856:Advertising revenue as a percent of US 847: 730:Department for Culture, Media and Sport 5139: 4386: 4365:Perez-Pena, Richard (March 12, 2009). 3980: 3865: 3863: 3801: 3725: 3647: 3599:Perez-Pena, Richard (March 23, 2009). 3239: 3220: 2962: 2784: 2765: 2483: 1955: 1930:Rotstein, Arthur H. (March 16, 2009). 1880: 1662:Morton, John (October–November 2007). 1661: 4827:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program 4797:Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 4780: 4718:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 4527: 4502:Thompson, Derek (December 19, 2012). 4474:Evans, Sir Harold (August 20, 2009). 4473: 4261:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4251: 4206: 4013:American Journal of Political Science 3840: 3692:Beyond News: The Future of Journalism 3494:Isaacson, Walter (February 5, 2009). 3188:Isaacson, Walter (February 5, 2009). 3092: 3072:Massing, Michael (December 1, 2005). 2906: 2640: 2618: 1982: 1831: 1829: 1715: 1652: 1072:; others, like a 2009 cover story in 534:territory. (Although McClatchy faced 283: 4713:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 4409:Alterman, Eric (February 11, 2009). 3726:Jensen, Elizabeth (March 22, 2009). 3662: 3310: 3301: 3282: 3046:Kuttner, Robert (March–April 2007). 2810:Alistair Dawber (October 10, 2009). 2704: 2679:from the original on March 20, 2021. 2619:Helft, Miguel (September 15, 2008). 2251:Derek Thompson (December 31, 2018). 2228:Jasper Jackson (November 27, 2018). 1630:Plunkett, John (November 24, 2005). 1535:. idio. June 4, 2009. Archived from 880:Project for Excellence in Journalism 639: 462:, the state's oldest newspaper, the 160: 99: 59: 18: 5003:Collateralized mortgage obligations 4553: 3860: 2944:"Economy 'Threatens' News Accuracy" 2909:"Is There a Future for Newspapers?" 2302:Fitzgerald, Mark (March 24, 2009). 2102:Hennelly, William (March 9, 2009). 1902:Lieberman, David (March 17, 2009). 1558:Fitzgerald, Mark (March 18, 2009). 13: 4411:"Save the News, Not the Newspaper" 4387:Kamiya, Gary (February 17, 2009). 4248:(Peter Lang Publishing; 306 pages) 4160: 3981:Bauder, David (January 30, 2019). 3663:Shea, Danny (September 10, 2010). 3313:"The Nightly News, Not for Profit" 3283:Hunt, Albert R. (March 22, 2009). 3240:Shafer, Jack (November 30, 2006). 3027:"Can the Washington Post Survive?" 2963:Ahrens, Frank (December 4, 2006). 2447:. journalism.co.uk. Archived from 1983:Rossa, Jennifer (March 19, 2009). 1932:"Tucson Citizen to Close March 21" 1826: 1744:Media and Culture with 2009 Update 1716:Baker, Russell (August 16, 2007). 1484:Abernathy, Penny (June 29, 2022). 1162:US Newspaper Advertising Revenue 697:, sold a controlling stake in the 14: 5163: 5098:2007–2008 world food price crisis 4898:Chinese economic stimulus program 4883:2008 European Union stimulus plan 4807:Commercial Paper Funding Facility 4452:Pfanner, Eric (August 16, 2009). 4336: 3911:American Political Science Review 3694:(Columbia University Press; 2014) 3652:. Wired Magazine, blog.wired.com. 3221:Thomas, Owen (February 5, 2009). 2785:Ratner, Andrew (March 17, 2009). 2766:Shafer, Jack (January 28, 2006). 2705:Saba, Jennifer (March 16, 2009). 2484:Sweney, Mark (January 23, 2024). 2081:Alterman, Eric (March 31, 2008). 1956:Spagat, Elliot (March 19, 2009). 1778:Wakefield, Jane (June 15, 2016). 1695:Alterman, Eric (March 31, 2008). 635: 34:This article has multiple issues. 5126:List of countries by public debt 4753:National Asset Management Agency 4047: 4000: 3974: 3947: 3898: 3834: 3795: 3760: 3425:. March 14, 2012. Archived from 3423:Newspaper Association of America 3293:. Bloomberg News. Archived from 2928:Mullaney, Tim (March 10, 2009). 2907:Myers, Jack (October 27, 2008). 2739:"The Daily Me, Nicholas Kristof" 2607:Newspaper Association of America 2550:American Society of News Editors 2350:Edmonds, Rick (March 25, 2009). 2286:. Journalism.com. June 13, 2018. 1822:– via www.theguardian.com. 1807:Preston, Peter (July 31, 2016). 1462:Stenberg, Mark (June 29, 2022). 1408:Mass media and American politics 1386: 686:announced job cuts, and in 2016 644: 416: 165: 104: 64: 23: 5081:2008 Central Asia energy crisis 4998:Collateralized debt obligations 3960:. University of Chicago Press. 3841:Capps, Kriston (May 30, 2018). 3748:"Newspapers have bright future" 3740: 3719: 3697: 3684: 3656: 3648:Singel, Ryan (March 10, 2009). 3641: 3613: 3592: 3571: 3550: 3538: 3512: 3487: 3466: 3441: 3382: 3361: 3337: 3276: 3233: 3214: 3160: 3140: 3112: 3039: 3025:Gunther, Marc (July 26, 2007). 3018: 2997: 2977: 2956: 2936: 2921: 2900: 2876: 2850: 2832: 2803: 2778: 2759: 2731: 2683: 2612: 2599: 2573: 2538: 2518: 2507: 2496: 2477: 2463: 2437: 2419: 2393: 2378: 2343: 2328: 2272: 2244: 2221: 2182:. March 2, 2009. Archived from 2166: 2151: 2136: 2110: 2095: 2074: 2064: 2026: 2005: 1976: 1949: 1938: 1923: 1895: 1881:Rogers, Paul (March 14, 2009). 1874: 1854: 1734: 1709: 481:, which agreed to be sold to a 42:or discuss these issues on the 4888:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence 4733:Federal Housing Finance Agency 4728:Federal Housing Administration 3773:. Cambridge University Press. 3311:Cruz, Gilbert (July 9, 2008). 2892:. July 4, 2005. Archived from 2884:"Net to Newspapers: Drop Dead" 1688: 1623: 1579: 1551: 1525: 1503: 1477: 1455: 1433:History of Canadian newspapers 1423:History of American newspapers 430:, closed in February, and the 1: 4903:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 4837:Troubled Asset Relief Program 4763:Office of Financial Stability 4738:Federal Housing Finance Board 4672:Société Générale trading loss 3905:Moskowitz, Daniel J. (2020). 3093:Smith, Mark (July 22, 2016). 2605:In an interesting twist, the 2548:in February 2009, the annual 2159:Standard and Poor's 500 Index 1448: 1428:History of British newspapers 1358:A study published in 2020 in 1255:The Christian Science Monitor 608:newspaper market led senator 560:educational training programs 4822:Irish emergency budget, 2009 4441:Dynamic World of Print Media 4345:"Media's Want to Break Free" 3820:10.1080/10584609.2012.762817 3496:"How to Save Your Newspaper" 3290:International Herald Tribune 3223:"How Not to Save Newspapers" 3190:"How to Save Your Newspaper" 3079:The New York Review of Books 1997:on July 4, 2009 – via 1723:The New York Review of Books 1438:History of French journalism 1290:, Chairman and Publisher of 1134:Institute for Nonprofit News 885:"When we go online", writes 824:Sales of newspapers rose in 780: 705:Daily Mail and General Trust 514:, Sun-Times Media Group and 7: 4192:. New York: Penguin Press. 3954:Hopkins, Daniel J. (2018). 2526:"Who Killed the Newspaper?" 1513:. Nieman Labs. May 28, 2009 1379: 1146:to the newspaper industry. 932:In some countries, such as 556:The Washington Post Company 512:Philadelphia Newspapers LLC 478:The San Diego Union-Tribune 188:, discuss the issue on the 131:conditions to do so are met 10: 5168: 5121:2007–2008 financial crisis 5013:Mortgage-backed securities 4624:Automotive industry crisis 4229:10.1162/daed.2010.139.2.26 3585:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 3564:Columbia Journalism Review 3053:Columbia Journalism Review 1934:. MSNBC. Associated Press. 1747:. Macmillan. p. 307. 1669:American Journalism Review 1249:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 1229: 1223:in a January 2009 column. 1022:increasingly use advanced 986:Columbia Journalism Review 864:The increasing use of the 433:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 272:of citizens, increases in 16:Decline of newspaper sales 5111: 5068: 5026: 5018:Secondary mortgage market 4983: 4939:rescues, and acquisitions 4937:Government interventions, 4936: 4928:Zero interest-rate policy 4875: 4787: 4776: 4705: 4652: 4639:Housing market correction 4616: 4561: 4244:Herndon, Keith L. (2012) 3924:10.1017/S0003055420000829 2431:The Sydney Morning Herald 1486:"The State of Local News" 1336: 1153: 844:and Asia-Pacific region. 653:This section needs to be 604:The deterioration in the 387:in countries such as the 186:improve this introduction 73:This article needs to be 5036:(United States; c. 2009) 4768:UK Financial Investments 4653:Banking losses and fraud 4644:Subprime mortgage crisis 4629:California budget crisis 4176:Philadelphia Daily News. 4142:10.1177/1078087419838058 3872:Journal of Communication 1718:"Goodbye to Newspapers?" 973:operating profit margins 866:Internet search function 508:Minneapolis Star Tribune 504:Journal Register Company 472:failed to find a buyer. 5054:(worldwide; 2011–2012) 4993:Auction rate securities 4723:Federal Home Loan Banks 4389:"The death of the news" 4280:. New York: Routledge. 4166:Anderson, C.W. (2013). 4081:10.1073/pnas.2105155118 4007:Peterson, Erik (2020). 3808:Political Communication 2144:New York Stock Exchange 2019:The Wall Street Journal 1990:The Wall Street Journal 1962:San Diego Union-Tribune 1037:The Wall Street Journal 1035:financial outlets like 1024:artificial intelligence 766:Manchester Evening News 627:A 2015 report from the 540:New York Stock Exchange 488:The Wall Street Journal 439:San Francisco Chronicle 258:Northwestern University 4743:Federal Reserve System 4617:United States-specific 3419:"Trends & Numbers" 2986:Editor & Publisher 2712:Editor & Publisher 2565:March 5, 2009, at the 2309:Editor & Publisher 2179:Editor & Publisher 1617:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1785 1565:Editor & Publisher 1288:Arthur Sulzberger, Jr. 1174: 1166: 875:Editor & Publisher 861: 794: 614:nonprofit corporations 584: 516:Freedom Communications 319:classified advertising 299: 278:political polarization 254:classified advertising 245: 5147:History of newspapers 5093:Decline of newspapers 5040:2009 May Day protests 4986:and financial markets 4876:Stimulus and recovery 4172:Philadelphia Inquirer 3779:10.1017/9781108876940 3713:June 6, 2011, at the 3429:on September 18, 2012 2040:on February 27, 2009. 1888:San Jose Mercury News 1490:Local News Initiative 1418:History of journalism 1370:political competition 1172: 1161: 855: 788: 629:Brookings Institution 582: 523:The McClatchy Company 493:Sun-Times Media Group 291: 250:decline of newspapers 243: 5152:Newspaper publishing 5116:European debt crisis 5008:Credit default swaps 4984:Securities involved 4790:stability and reform 4130:Urban Affairs Review 3802:Shaker, Lee (2014). 3508:on February 7, 2009. 2799:on October 19, 2022. 2124:on September 7, 2012 1361:Urban Affairs Review 1144:government subsidies 1030:Financial strategies 848:Technological change 789:Newspaper market in 381:satellite television 5076:2000s energy crisis 4788:Banking and finance 4706:Government entities 4317:, December 4, 2012 4072:2021PNAS..11805155T 4066:(30): e2105155118. 3690:Mitchell Stephens, 3670:The Huffington Post 3475:"News You Can Lose" 3404:The Huffington Post 3354:The Washington Post 3347:The Washington Post 3202:on February 7, 2009 2970:The Washington Post 2952:. February 9, 2009. 2914:The Huffington Post 2864:on February 3, 2014 2407:. February 12, 2016 2316:on February 3, 2014 2284:Pew Research Center 2207:The Washington Post 2052:. September 9, 2009 1676:on October 10, 2008 1327:Olivier Fleurot of 1316:The Huffington Post 1298:New York University 1213:Pew Research Center 1186:s economics writer 1139:The Huffington Post 1099:Wall Street Journal 943:Metro International 622:public broadcasting 446:, both newspapers, 427:Rocky Mountain News 276:, and increases in 118:of this article is 5058:Occupy Wall Street 5034:Tea Party protests 4692:Scott W. Rothstein 4481:The New York Times 4459:The New York Times 4372:The New York Times 4332:, December 9, 2012 4025:10.1111/ajps.12560 3884:10.1093/joc/jqy051 3753:The Times of India 3733:The New York Times 3629:. January 28, 2009 3626:The New York Times 3606:The New York Times 3400:Arianna Huffington 3391:The New York Times 3297:on March 26, 2009. 3174:The New York Times 3153:The New York Times 3126:The New York Times 3074:"The End of News?" 3011:The New York Times 2842:(March 13, 2009). 2744:The New York Times 2626:The New York Times 2049:The New York Times 1964:. Associated Press 1595:Management Science 1292:The New York Times 1273:The New York Times 1261:The Ann Arbor News 1221:The New York Times 1199:washingtonpost.com 1175: 1167: 1128:in 2009 after the 1103:The New York Times 1048:The New York Times 998:social media sites 895:The New York Times 862: 795: 775:London Underground 585: 449:Detroit Free Press 385:network television 383:at the expense of 300: 295:The New York Times 284:Causes for decline 246: 5134: 5133: 5103:Retail apocalypse 5048:(MENA; 2010–2012) 4979: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4871: 4870: 4851:Bank stress tests 4304:, October 8, 2012 4287:978-0-415-87157-0 4268:978-0-19-518123-4 4199:978-1-59420-235-3 3967:978-0-226-53040-6 3788:978-1-108-83477-3 3756:. March 24, 2005. 3402:of the eponymous 3349:, March 29, 2009" 3229:on April 7, 2009. 2896:on June 26, 2005. 2792:The Baltimore Sun 2719:on March 20, 2009 2534:. April 24, 2006. 2433:. March 23, 2009. 2389:November 10, 2015 2366:on March 27, 2009 1870:. March 16, 2009. 1754:978-0-312-47824-7 1394:Journalism portal 1366:mayoral elections 744:In January 2024, 710:Leicester Mercury 674: 673: 616:with an array of 362:for five years. " 359:Los Angeles Times 236: 235: 228: 218: 217: 210: 159: 158: 151: 98: 97: 57: 5159: 5027:Social responses 4952: 4951: 4848: 4847: 4778: 4777: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4476:"The Daily Show" 4470: 4468: 4466: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4291: 4272: 4241: 4231: 4208:Giles, Robert H. 4203: 4191: 4154: 4153: 4136:(5): 1327–1356. 4121: 4112: 4111: 4101: 4083: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3926: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3878:(6): 1007–1028. 3867: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3723: 3717: 3701: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3504:. Archived from 3491: 3485: 3484: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3415: 3409: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3325:on July 14, 2008 3321:. Archived from 3308: 3299: 3298: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3198:. Archived from 3185: 3179: 3178: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3069: 3058: 3057: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3001: 2995: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2932:. Bloomberg.com. 2925: 2919: 2918: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2860:. Archived from 2854: 2848: 2847: 2840:Terdiman, Daniel 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2795:. Archived from 2782: 2776: 2775: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2747:. March 18, 2009 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2715:. 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Carroll 312:search function 286: 232: 221: 220: 219: 214: 203: 197: 194: 183: 170: 166: 155: 144: 138: 135: 124: 109: 105: 94: 88: 85: 78: 69: 65: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5165: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5072: 5070: 5069:Related topics 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4967:General Motors 4964: 4958: 4956: 4949: 4948: 4942: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4913:Green New Deal 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4697:Allen Stanford 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 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