1379:
1364:
1302:, saying that Croatia since the time of king Zvonimir was vassal property of the Holy See hence nobody can be the king of Croatia and Dalmatia as well Hungary without Pope's confirmation. According to one theory, the legend is related to the Å ubiÄ family tradition and political propaganda, possibly with the final intention of becoming a new royal dynasty. They possibly had genealogical relations with one of Zvonimir's daughters, were very protective of the Church and had good relations with various knight orders related to the Crusades, and Zvonimir's sudden death and curse was influenced by the destines of
1394:
621:
475:, invaded Dalmatia on the invitation of Dalmatian cities and Byzantium. They occupied the cities of Split, Trogir, Biograd na Moru and Zadar, but also managed to capture a certain Croatian king whose name is not mentioned, but certainly meant King Peter KreŔimir, who died by November 1074. Norman crisis lasted until February 1075, when Venice expelled Amico and his forces from Dalmatia. Zvonimir probably helped Venice in the process. Although the Venetians freed Dalmatia and parts of Croatia previously occupied by the Normans, with the doge
500:
745:
988:
portrayed as a good, heartful, soulful, faithful, holy king and defender of the
Christian faith, while his kingdom and people having a serene, fair and rich time period. The myth of the "Curse of King Zvonimir" according to which Zvonimir cursed the Croats that will not have anymore a lord of their native language/nation yet forever will serve one of a foreign language/nation, which happened for almost a thousand years, is based on the legend of his assassination.
550:", thus becoming a vassal to the Holy See. During this occasion, he promised defence and care of the churches and monks, poor and orphans, prosecute unlawful marriages between cousins, establish lawful marriages with a ring and priest blessing, and defend such marriages from depravity, also oppose trade of humans. Zvonimir took an oath of fealty to the Pope, promising to support the implementation of the Church reforms in Croatia. He also gave the
941:
49:
1251:
1217:
of finances and maritime skills, Zvonimir invited them to go with the
Hungarian king by land because of which they angrily attacked him, but was only half-dead. Zvonimir called the notary Simon and in front of the bishop of Knin and others made a testimony - his two daughters were given in trust to nobleman Snazach (SnaÄiÄ) and the Croatian kingdom to Hungary by accepting their king as his son. He was buried in the monastery of St. Mary in
1050:
the people who wanted to rule by themselves. Akvila successfully fought for eight days the nobles of the kingdom of
Croatia and Slavonia, with many Slavs and Croats dead, and decided to come to Slavonia and marry a Croatian woman. The story itself justifies by God's will Ladislaus' conquest of Croatia as Zvonimir's avenger. According to Mladen AnÄiÄ, the legend which the author of the chronicle re-edited, came to the Polish court with
594:
1136:
army over the sea to free the Christ's grave. The enraged nobles and knights, thinking that it would be done with king's consent, killed him. He was childless in his marriage with the daughter of the BĆ©la I, and she called for help her brother
Ladislaus because of the murder and felt to be in danger by her husband's killers. Ladislaus with his big army conquered first from river Drava until the Iron Mountain (
869:) went to Hungary and invited Ladislaus to seize the Croatian Kingdom, or widow Jelena had requested her brother Ladislaus to intervene and conquer the kingdom. In reality probably happened both scenarios, with widow Jelena seizing some power and receiving support from a small part of Croatian nobility (LapÄani, GusiÄi and Kukari among others) which eased Ladislaus's intervention.
1086:. The intention was to mobilize the army on behalf of the Roman pope and the emperor, but the nobility refused him not willing to go far away from their homeland, wives and children. A rebellion erupted at the site, leading to Zvonimir's assassination at the hands of his own subjects and saying of the "Curse of King Zvonimir". It was the king
268:. Afterwards, Peter KreŔimir IV appointed him duke and declared him as his heir. In 1075 or 1076, Demetrius Zvonimir succeeded to the Croatian throne through papal diplomacy. His reign is characterized as relatively peaceful, with no extensive war campaigns, focused instead on Croatia's economic and cultural development. He inherited the
1111:(Zvonimir) died without children, his wife was persecuted by many injustices of her husband's enemies and asked in the name of Jesus Christ help from her brother Ladislaus who avenged the injustices and gave back Croatia and Dalmatia to her as well as later through her inherited them by royal right. The same account is repeated in
1236:, who entered the king's tent located by the Basillica of Saint Cecillia in Petrovo polje and killed him in his sleep upon the insistence of the population who did not want to go to war to a land faraway from their homeland, wives and children. TomaÅ”iÄ also records that his remains were located in the
1216:
of Split dated to the 14th-16th century, tells how the French and
Hungarian king had a crusade against the Saracens in 1092 because of which the Hungarian king invited Zvonimir, who made a big gathering of Croatian nobles at the Petrovo Polje. After three months of nobles excusing themselves for lack
905:
and
Eastern Slavonia (1094). The written experiences of the First Crusaders in late 1096 show that in the country called Sclavonia and Dalmatia could not find any authority to agree the terms of passage and relations with the people, and there is no mention of Hungarian king on the BaŔka tablet. When
1246:
from Trogir's archive includes a combination of legend and history, saying that
Zvonimir died in 1087, while Zvonimir II also known as Stjepan II son of Trebeli, held the rulership with the support of the nobles, but in 1096 when sent troops from the župa of Krbava into holy war he was murdered near
1135:
and
Hungarian chronicles. It tells that Zvonimir/Suonemir, who was named as Zolomer by the Hungarians and ruled for 35 years, in 1100 ordered his nobles and knights to gather at the place of five churches at Kosovo and there read them the pope's and emperor's letters which ordered to travel with his
1049:
is possibly the earliest source to allege his murder. One of its chapters tells a mythological story transcending time periods how King Akvila (Attila) was ordered by Jesus Christ to avenge the treason and murder of King
Kazimir (Zvonimir) who was chosen by Christ to rule, which was not accepted by
1019:
argues that during several stages of the creation of the legend, as being the last historically notable
Croatian king, were skipped several years of much less known personalities Stephen II and Petar SnaÄiÄ who lived closer to the time of First Crusade but were linked their years and events to the
670:
Demetrius Zvonimir sought to gain firmer control of his kingdom by ousting various local nobles (hereditary provincial leaders and landlords) from local administration and replacing them with his own supporters, court nobles and, reflecting his close papal ties, high clerics. The provincial nobles
2177:
Sve to vodi nedvojbenome zakljuÄku da sve ono Å”to se Äita u takozvanome āSupetarskom kartularu" zapravo nema nikakve veze s āNeretvanima" i njihovom ādržavom", kako je to obrazlagao M. Barada. Kralj Slavac kao i njegov neÄak i ban Petar nisu nikakvi āneretvanski vladari i dužnosnici" ā rijeÄ je o
987:
There are preserved several variations of the legend of his often violent death. To each of them are usually common considering Zvonimir as the last Croatian king without any mention or possible context related to Stephen II, and showing Zvonimir and his rule in a very positive light. Zvonimir is
1679:
Misit itaque rex Zolomerus Dalmacie, qui sororius Geyse erat, nuncios ad regem Salomonem et ducem Geysam, et rogavit eos, ut propria persona eorum contra adversarios suos, scilicet Carantanos ipsumadiuvarent, qui tunc marchiam Dalmacie occupaverant. Rex igitur et dux collecto exercitu iverunt in
451:
and Solomon helped Zvonimir in restoring authority between 1064 and 1067 in the "March of Dalmatia". After they jointly repelled the Carantanians from Croatia, Zvonimir sent many gold, silver and other valuables to Solomon and GĆ©za I as a sign of gratitude. Shortly afterwards in 1070 Zvonimir is
955:
Demetrius Zvonimir is viewed in contemporary Croatia as the last native king who held any real power and is regarded as one of the national heroes from the medieval period. The untimely death of his son, Radovan, and the short reign of Stephen II plunged Croatia resulted in a union with Hungary
628:
Zvonimir's coronation signified the final ending of political and religious relations between Croatia and Byzantine Empire, but also end of complete independence because the kingdom de facto became supreme ownership of the Holy See. Following the coronation, the papal legates summoned a church
479:
even self-titling himself as the doge of Venice, Dalmatia and Croatia (later only of Dalmatia), the Venetians with their close contacts with the Byzantium and Holy Roman Empire were not favourable to the Holy See. In such events the Holy See and Zvonimir came into contact with mutual interest.
312:. Others rejected his TrpimiroviÄ descent and argued he was a member of some other prominent Croatian noble family possibly from Sidraga županija, but his early marriage to ĆrpĆ”d's princes shows he must have been of some extraordinary lineage. In the historical sources are also mentioned his
782:
and the place by the basilica of Saint Cecillia at Petrovo/Kosovo Polje as the place of death. These sources were typically associated with the allegations of his assassination, which by now is often believed to be a medieval legend. It is argued that his resting place moved between the
844:
According to the chronicles and historical documents, Croatia subsequently entered a period of 10 years of anarchy without social authority, with various sides and nobles fighting over supremacy in the kingdom. The chronicles subsequently narrate two separate stories that, or some
1020:
narrative about Zvonimir, as such for example the violent death with the death of Petar SnaÄiÄ, fictionally making Zvonimir a contemporary of the First Crusade. The praise of the ruler and his relation to faith, killing and comparison to the Jews are arguably inspired by
2178:
posljednjim hrvatskim vladarima s kraljevskom titulom, ali bez stvarne vlasti nad veÄim dijelom Kraljevstva, vlast kojih je, kako se Äini teritorijalno priliÄno ograniÄena, trajala od 1091. do 1097. godine kada je u boju s maÄarskim snagama poginuo Petar.
1027:
of Bohemia, which legend was popular in Glagolitic literature. The anti-Hungarian and pro-Papal sentiment from Croatian perspective reminds of the 14th-15th century Hungarian centralization and dynasty struggle in which Croatian nobles mostly supported
769:
from 8 September 1089 (said to have been issued closely after the death of king Zvonimir), both indicate that Zvonimir died of natural causes. This view had been mostly accepted in the historiography since the 16th century, but some historians like
539:(1073ā1085). There's a dispute between historians whether he was crowned in 1075 or 1076 due to some dating uncertainties in the coronation charter. The day itself is not mentioned, however it is argued to be 8 or 9 October as on 9 October is
880:
as "Duke of Croatia", however, there also emerged Croatian noblemen who showed resistance. First were a dux Simeon, and certain Slavac from Split who appropriated the royal title, his brothers had estates between Split and
1231:
from around 1561, in an otherwise identical account to the others (but naming Zvonimir in Hungarian-style Zorobel and dating it to the year 1057), names the assassins as the king's personal secretary as well as chaplain
932:ādetermined the spheres of interest of each party by allotting the coastal regions of Croatia to Hungary and Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice, but Coloman in 1105 successfully conquered coastal cities of Dalmatia.
276:. Medieval legends allege his assassination, but his death and succession are subjects of controversy in historiography. His reign was followed by a period of anarchy, which ended with the ascension of the Hungarian
1306:
who was imprisoned and died in Hungary and sudden death of Mladen III who was the last Croatian medieval nobleman with significant power and independence willing to challenge the Hungarian royal authority.
774:
and archaeologist Stjepan GunjaÄa argued in favor of a documented violent death. Various later sources give the date 20 April as the date of his death. They also name the village of Kosovo (today's
487:
TrpimiroviÄ, who had also been the Duke of Croatia until 1066 under King Petar KreÅ”imir, relinquished his claim and relocated later to the Church of St. Stephen beneath the pines in the vicinity of
963:
was inscribed shortly after his death and contains references to him and a number of his nobles of the 11th century. For the first time, the BaŔka tablet mentions the title of Croatian kings in
1140:), and then from there many castles until the coast. After his win, he gave the kingdom to his sister, and in honor to the memory of King Zvonimir was erected an epitaph ascribed to his grave:
1007:(1095) were making and taking active measures at European royal courts. That died of natural death is also the fact there's lack of any initiative by the Holy See or others to be declared a
1270:
The previously mentioned epitaph was written in a vagant's style which was used only in the 14th century and around the city of Trogir. It is very similar to the grave epitaph of
995:, is argued to be historiographically impossible, precedent in medieval Europe and contradictory to the overwhelming medieval fanaticism about Christianity and liberation of
704:. The pope intervened on behalf of Zvonimir, under threat of excommunication, urging Vecelin to make any complaint to him directly regarding any issues with the king. The
558:(with two golden crowns with gems, probably being the previous Croatian crowns received by Byzantines) to the Holy See, both as a sign of loyalty and as accommodation for
755:
There are several versions of Zvonimir's date and circumstances of death. The last known document while alive is dated to 8 October 1087. The 13th century chronicler
893:, while Rusin's son Petar was Ban of Croatia. Evidence that Ladislaus and Ćlmos did not consolidate power over whole Croatia, but mainly only those regions North of
1247:
Knin. Crowned with martyrdom, he was the one who prophesied that the Croats would be ruled by the Hungarians, while the Bosnians and Narentines by their own duke.
2949:"Kako, kada i zaÅ”to je nastala legenda o nasilnoj smrti kralja Zvonimira? (Prinos prouÄavanju mehanizma nastajanja legendi u hrvatskom srednjovjekovnom druÅ”tvu)"
1351:
1378:
1224:
1071:, says that in 1079 (evidence that the anonymous author or copyist mistook Glagolitic letter meaning 80 with Cyrillic meaning 70), desiring to heal the
2857:(in Latin) (Band 7 von Monumenta spectantia historiam Slavorum meridionalium ed.). Zagreb: Sumptibus Academiae Scientiarum et Artium. p. 146.
2793:
901:
west of river Krka in Dalmatia and without Kvarner in the westernmost part of the kingdom, is that they influenced the religious organization only in
729:
3181:
1040:, in which charter was stated "after the death of our last king, named Zvonimir, with free will we joined the holy crown of the Hungarian Kingdom".
3557:
975:
in modern Croatian). His name is also contained in the 11th or 12th-century Jurandvor fragments from the same church in BaŔka, on the island of
491:, where he was to live a secluded life. It seems that Zvonimir was chosen as an heir to the throne already during Petar KreŔimir's late life.
17:
3475:
2695:
2664:
1393:
1429:
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1237:
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716:
to aid Hungary in war between 1079 and 1083, but this is disputed. Demetrius Zvonimir also took a hard line against Byzantium. After
165:
3323:
3029:
Kowalski, Wawrzyniec (2021), "Excursus: the Croatian Text of The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja on the Death of King Zvonimir",
1772:
1278:, showing almost the same authorship and dating. There were found fragments mentioning King Zvonimir in the church of St. Mary in
3552:
991:
However, the account of assassination by the hands of Croats, which is reminiscent and compared in the historical sources to the
1078:
asked Zvonimir, his strongest ally in the Eastern Adriatic, to go on a Crusade liberating Christ's grave. Zvonimir convened the
3465:
2096:
1003:
initiative and campaign happened several years after Zvonimir's death, and there's no evidence that the Pope or others before
2934:
2262:
1609:
3174:
1082:
at a place called "five churches in Kosovo", which had been successfully identified by the archaeologists as Biskupija near
928:. Prior to this Venetian doge also showed interest for Dalmatia and Croatia, which ended in agreement of 1098āthe so-called
906:
in 1095 Ladislaus died, the throne was contested between previously Ban now "king" Petar who ruled from Knin, identified as
1127:
already mentions Zvonimir's natural death, but in its 14th century (some consider it was a 13th-century) addition known as
902:
677:) with a significant level of internal independence. In 1080, he bethrothed his daughter Claudia to the noble Vniha of the
447:, also due to the prohibition of Slavic liturgy, Zvonimir was compelled to seek protection from then King Solomon instead.
2289:
1363:
728:. Zvonimir, due to his pledge to the Holy See and Venetians alliance with the Byzantines, sent naval troops to the aid of
3064:
1422:
1414:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1323:, meaning "sound, chime" (zvoni) and "peace, prestige" (mir), King Zvonimir being the first recorded bearer of the name.
416:
181:
523:- crown, scepter, sword and flag - in October 1075 or 1076 in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known today as the
3074:
2716:
404:
830:. They had a son, Radovan, who predeceased Zvonimir, and two daughters, Vinica and Claudia, the latter married to the
3046:
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1975:
1805:
1067:
815:
748:
468:
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154:
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2099:[Presentation of the rulers' dignity: images of rulers in dalmatian art of the 13th and 14th centuries].
3522:
3401:
3277:
2852:
624:
Grant of Zvonimir to the monastery of the abbess of St. Benedict in Split for land Pustica in Lažani, 1076ā1078.
124:
2355:"Å ubiÄi i "dobri kralj Zvonimir". Prilog prouÄavanju upotrebe legendi u politici hrvatskih velikaÅ”kih obitelji"
1303:
1045:
540:
3377:
3249:
3002:] (in Croatian and English). Zagreb: Muzej hrvatskih arheoloŔkih spomenika Split, arheoloŔki muzej Zagreb.
1279:
1218:
3406:
3283:
2742:
1295:
1023:
609:
432:
424:
281:
269:
3077:ā "rex Chrobatorum et Dalmatinorum, rex (tocius) Chroacie atque Dalmacie, Chroatorum atque Dalmatinorum rex"
3527:
3500:
3491:
3316:
1327:
697:
398:
246:
98:
1055:
1357:, was also named after the late king. Streets, parks and schools in Croatia are named after him as well.
1291:
800:
296:
Zvonimir's exact origin and background are uncertain. It is believed that he was a member of the native
3031:
The Kings of the Slavs: The Image of a Ruler in the Latin Text of The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
979:, and six written documents from the 12th century about various estates which were gifted by Zvonimir.
464:. Croatian charters at the time were issued in the names of both King Peter KreŔimir and Ban Zvonimir.
3387:
3261:
3542:
2305:
Glagoljski natpisi, JAZU (now HAZU, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti), Zagreb, 1982 pp. 62ā65
1469:
257:
in around 1075. His native name was Zvonimir, but adopted the forename Demetrius at his coronation.
3537:
920:
915:
911:
408:
3362:
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3309:
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3429:
2794:"Krenuli upisi u prvi razred Srednje Ŕkole Hrvatski kralj Zvonimir Krk. Koji se programi nude?"
1037:
1033:
811:
2097:"Prikazi vladarskog dostojanstva: likovi vladara u dalmatinskoj umjetnosti 13. i 14. stoljeÄa"
305:
297:
207:
3411:
3357:
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3225:
3124:
3006:
2659:
1967:
1271:
838:
766:
756:
484:
134:
2920:
1439:
655:). He maintained authority over Dalmatia, which could be felt as far as the distant town of
411:, husband of his sister, to the Hungarian throne. Hungary was then ruled by Solomon's uncle
3532:
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54:
8:
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3011:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
1385:
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562:
visiting Croatia. The title of Zvonimir continued to be "King of Croatia and Dalmatia" (
3446:
3391:
3265:
3207:
1769:
1299:
1287:
1263:
1259:
725:
724:
reconciled with the Pope, a military alliance was formed against new Byzantine emperor
713:
353:
285:
277:
1875:
837:. Since Zvonimir died without leaving an heir from his posterity, he was succeeded by
814:. Through Helen, he was connected to the royal families of not only Hungary, but also
605:
monument in Croatia. It documents the donation of land gifted by king Zvonimir to the
3454:
3382:
3151:
3042:
2930:
2898:
2258:
1971:
1801:
1605:
1464:
1283:
996:
964:
907:
841:, last of the TrpimiroviÄ dynasty. Stephen II ruled briefly until his death in 1091.
689:
651:
638:
602:
571:
516:
499:
443:, the "March of Dalmatia". Since the Croatian king was preoccupied with rebellion in
394:
301:
229:
188:
91:
1721:
872:
Historical documents show that Ladislaus by the end of 1091 conquered a big part of
3034:
2654:
1691:
Codex Diplomaticus Regni CroatiƦ, DalamatiƦ et SlavoniƦ, Vol I, pages 115, 121, 129
1502:
1275:
1103:
1072:
1036:
threats is unlikely. The legend and cult of Zvonimir lived and influenced even the
945:
827:
642:
547:
536:
420:
1447:
834:
678:
3114:
3021:
2876:[From the "Demigod" King to the First Ideas About a "National Kingdom"].
2293:
1776:
1599:
1400:
925:
717:
634:
309:
254:
31:
3434:
2975:[Death of Croatian king Zvonimir ā problem, sources and interpretation]
2255:
Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900ā1204
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tribe, to whom he also granted the county (županija) of Karin in Dalmatia as a
630:
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379:
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63:
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Nada KlaiÄ, Povijest Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku, Zagreb 1975., p. 377-379
1595:
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August Å enoa ā In the memorial of 800th anniversary of Zvonimir's coronation
3016:
898:
866:
664:
641:, which the council of 1060 had branded as heresy. The king instituted the
606:
559:
428:
1032:. The idea that the legend emerged in the 15th century around the time of
2885:
1137:
551:
370:
261:
217:
1506:
1326:
After him were named awards to high-ranking officials in both the 1940s
744:
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2717:"Kralj Zvonimir ā hrvatski ban, herceg i kralj Hrvatske i Dalmacije"
2354:
333:
2873:
1451:
1316:
444:
375:
357:
249:
from 1075 or 1076 until his death in 1089. Zvonimir also served as
3134:
2993:
1107:, there's no mention of violent death, but it is stated that when
593:
386:) at the time referred to both modern day Slavonia and North-West
81:
3336:
2948:
2874:"Od kralja "poluboga" do prvih ideja o "nacionalnom kraljevstvu""
1443:
831:
819:
646:
520:
436:
387:
349:
202:
2973:"Smrt hrvatskoga kralja Zvonimira - problem, izvori i tumaÄenja"
882:
688:
Around 1079, tensions arose between Croatia and the neighboring
1008:
948:
792:
701:
528:
440:
300:, and some historians have proposed that he is a descendant of
2164:
308:
which also allowed for the thesis that he began his career as
2854:
Documenta historiae Chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia
1079:
1012:
796:
733:
700:) was preparing for an attack on Croatia from his estates in
682:
546:
He was granted the royal title from the Pope after pledging "
504:
457:
361:
329:
325:
1728:, Institute of Croatian history, Rome, 1963, pages 315, 438.
1432:(c. 1065 ā 1083/1089), designated heir, but died before 1089
1370:
1162:
Since its barbarous death can only be explained by cursing,
1133:
Croatian redaction of the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
1096:
vazam Hrvate, i zagorsko i primorsko i bosansko kraljevstvo
1083:
894:
788:
660:
365:
169:
150:
976:
613:
356:, it is conjectured that Zvonimir initially administered
2995:
Kralj Zvonimir - dokumenti i spomenici (katalog izložbe)
806:
Demetrius Zvonimir was married to his distant relative
543:
feast day whose name Zvonimir took at the coronation.
1290:, both owned by the Å ubiÄ family, and in a letter of
885:, brother Rusin even during the Zvonimir's reign was
637:
in liturgy and the condemnation of the Glagolitic or
2880:. Zagreb: Hrvatski povijesni muzej. pp. 42ā111.
1090:
to avenge his death and conquer Kingdom of Croatia (
503:
The remains of Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses in
1150:
when they watch this grave, truly worthy of sorrow?
2641:"Meaning, origin and history of the name Zvonimir"
918:(1097), followed by Coloman's supposed signing of
751:during Zvonimir's reign, at the beginning of 1089.
390:, but there's lack of evidence for such a thesis.
339:
53:11th century depiction of a king, suggested to be
1065:dated to the 14-15th century of the 13th century
511:. This is where Zvonimir's coronation took place.
3514:
3022:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250
2965:Ispravci i dopune u starijoj hrvatskoj historiji
2608:
2606:
2587:
2585:
2503:
2501:
2257:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 197ā201.
2095:PaviÄiÄ, Ivana Prijatelj; KarbiÄ, Damir (2000).
2081:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2065:
1680:Dalmatiam, et ablatam sibi restituerunt integre.
1202:because what was first divination of the kingdom
2743:"Park Franje Josipa I. i Park kralja Zvonimira"
1182:the pious Zvonimir, distinctly fair and honest,
1131:there is a story which is a combination of the
736:and deputy over Dalmatian cities was Pribimir.
1726:Rasprave i prilozi iz stare hrvatske povijesti
1491:"Ritual deditio na reljefu hrvatskoga vladara"
1170:where their fury relents until the heart eases
27:King of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1075 to 1089
3317:
3175:
2603:
2582:
2498:
2094:
2074:
2062:
1594:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1154:Because in this darkness a bright star rests,
645:; he also promised the eventual abolition of
483:Meanwhile, another contender for the throne,
1244:Catalogus ducem et regum Dalmatie et Croatie
959:The culturally and historically significant
1254:14th-15th century inscription of Zvonimir (
360:, specifically the land between the rivers
3324:
3310:
3182:
3168:
2839:Monumenta Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium
2815:Monumenta Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium
2252:
1941:
1756:
1754:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1513:
1319:" is today a traditional and quite common
1206:and also honour and glory, is now in ruins
1158:with sublime ancestry. How it oddly numbs!
1146:Who could refrain the people, not to sigh,
633:, which reiterated the king on the use of
578:, was "Zvonimir, kral hrvatski" (English:
324:(Streza) to whom allowed gathering tax in
47:
2943:
2696:Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
2665:Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2003:
2001:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1194:mourn, champions, already a leader plies,
1063:Croatian redaction/The Croatian Chronicle
785:Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew in Kapitul
272:at its height and ruled from the city of
30:For other people with the same name, see
3189:
3028:
2897:. Zagreb: Hrvatska sveuÄiliÅ”na naklada.
2685:
2055:
2053:
1876:"Zvonimir | Hrvatska enciklopedija"
1655:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1604:. Zagreb: Novi Liber. pp. 389ā390.
1588:
1249:
1174:and with murder they take down the king,
939:
743:
712:record that Zvonimir eventually invaded
619:
592:
498:
3558:Burials at the Church of St. Mary, Knin
3331:
3000:King Zvonimir - Documents and Monuments
2383:
2381:
1870:
1868:
1770:Demetrius, Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia
1717:
1715:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1554:
1552:
1527:
1488:
739:
14:
3515:
2769:"Osnovna Ŕkola Kralja Zvonimira Solin"
2352:
2335:
1998:
1909:
1731:
1350:'s flagship and its most modern ship,
1238:Church of Saint Bartholomew in Kapitul
419:was engaged to Zvonimir. According to
3305:
3163:
2991:
2970:
2918:
2884:
2871:
2850:
2417:
2296:, svkri.hr; accessed 18 December 2015
2162:
2050:
1829:
1650:
1186:who was their shield against enemies,
982:
427:was also attacked around 1063 by the
240:
2927:Croatian history from 550 until 1100
2832:
2378:
1865:
1712:
1618:
1549:
2844:
2723:. Magazin Maksimir. 5 November 2010
1344:Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir
1336:Medal of the Crown of King Zvonimir
1332:Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir
924:and recorded coronation in 1102 at
663:, where he is referenced in a 1082
24:
2287:Baska tablet ā Dr. sc. Mateo Zagar
1425:. They had at least two children:
535:), by Gebizon a representative of
25:
3569:
3055:
2922:Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100
2749:. TuristiÄka zajednica grada Pule
2165:"Miho Barada i mit o Neretvanima"
1677:SS rerum hungaricarum I, p. 364 "
1068:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
732:. During these years, Zvonimir's
2820:
2808:
2786:
2761:
2735:
2686:MuÅ”teriÄ, I (15 February 2015).
1964:Croatia ā a nation forged in war
1800:, Å kolska knjiga, Zagreb, 1997.
1392:
1377:
1362:
876:i.e. Croatia placing his nephew
671:were governing their provinces (
494:
348:, his relative also through the
253:(1064/1070ā1074), and was named
2878:Kolomanov put (katalog izložbe)
2709:
2692:Croatian Technical Encyclopedia
2679:
2647:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2594:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2369:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2280:
2271:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2216:AnÄiÄ, pp. 66ā70, 79ā80, 85, 92
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2088:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2010:
1989:
1980:
1956:
1932:
1923:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1820:
1811:
1790:
1781:
1763:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1671:
1662:
1198:old and young of Croatian land,
1166:with dark crime of wicked folk,
749:Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia
649:, but with little success (see
570:), while his name and title in
340:Banates of Slavonia and Croatia
3553:11th-century Croatian monarchs
3013:, University of Michigan Press
2963:GunjaÄa, Stjepan (1973ā1978).
2841:, Vol. VII, Acta, 121, p. 146.
1579:
1570:
1561:
1482:
1229:Chronicon breve Regni Croatiae
1190:used to crush the rival doors,
1178:very healthy, with much power,
291:
13:
1:
2929:]. Leykam international.
2865:
853:noblemen (sometimes named as
791:and Church of St. Stephen at
610:Church of St. Lucy, Jurandvor
18:Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia
3492:Independent State of Croatia
3476:Rulers of Croatia after 1102
3025:, Cambridge University Press
2817:, Vol. VII, Acta, 51, p. 66.
2773:os-kraljazvonimira.skole.hr/
1948:Archdeacon Thomas of Split:
1413:In c. 1063 Zvonimir married
1328:Independent State of Croatia
1258:), found at the location of
730:Norman invasion in the 1080s
554:monastery of St. Gregory in
247:King of Croatia and Dalmatia
99:King of Croatia and Dalmatia
7:
3033:, Brill, pp. 288ā308,
2277:Budak, p. 218, 233, 290ā293
1601:Hrvatski rani srednji vijek
1458:
1256:Firma Quorum Rex Zonemerius
1022:The First Slavic Legend of
993:Jewish sin of killing Jesus
801:Mausoleum of Croatian Kings
588:zvŃnŃmirŃ, kralŃ xrŃvatŃskŃ
568:Rex Chroatie atque Dalmatie
469:Normans from southern Italy
10:
3574:
3264:(1000– c. 1030) and
2827:Codex Diplomaticus CroatiƦ
2414:Kowalski, pp. 299ā300, 308
2018:Povijest hrvatskoga naroda
1399:Coronation of Zvonimir by
1240:in the outskirts of Knin.
1092:i vaze kraljevstvo hrvaÄko
1061:Another account, from the
1046:PolishāHungarian Chronicle
29:
3485:
3464:
3445:
3420:
3343:
3197:
3148:
3139:
3131:
3121:
3112:
3104:
3083:
3070:Zvonimir on Royal Croatia
3039:10.1163/9789004447639_008
2432:AnÄiÄ, pp. 83, 94ā95, 105
2253:Stephenson, Paul (2000).
2175:(41). Zagreb: 22ā24, 42.
1798:Hrvatsko srednjovjekovlje
1470:List of rulers of Croatia
1454:, Dalmatia, as her dowry.
1408:
1310:
1056:BolesÅaw III the Generous
935:
579:
439:and the eastern coast of
435:, who occupied a part of
344:During the reign of King
242:[dmĆ®tarzŹĆ“nimiĖr]
213:
201:
187:
177:
166:Church of St. Bartholomew
160:
144:
140:
130:
120:
112:
104:
97:
87:
77:
69:
62:
46:
41:
2967:, Zagreb, Å kolska knjiga
1775:12 February 2006 at the
1489:KureliÄ, Robert (2016).
1475:
1450:, who received lands in
916:Battle of Gvozd Mountain
765:, and a charter of king
3548:Roman Catholic monarchs
2829:, Vol. I, CCXI, p. 177.
2796:. Grad Krk. 4 July 2023
2153:Budak, pp. 118ā119, 285
1576:Budak, p. 232, 248, 255
1119:Rerum Ungaricum decades
1030:Capetian House of Anjou
580:Zvonimir, Croatian king
456:in three charters from
415:, whose third daughter
264:in the service of King
2971:Nemet, Dražen (2006).
2891:Prva stoljeÄa Hrvatske
2872:AnÄiÄ, Mladen (2002).
2851:RaÄki, Franjo (1877).
2353:KarbiÄ, Damir (2000).
2292:25 August 2004 at the
2163:AnÄiÄ, Mladen (2011).
1338:) and since the 1990s
1267:
1211:
1038:1527 election in Cetin
952:
944:The Oath of Zvonimir,
897:river and maybe up to
812:Ladislaus I of Hungary
752:
696:(a servant of emperor
625:
617:
567:
512:
383:
233:
3007:John Van Antwerp Fine
2919:Budak, Neven (2018).
2660:Croatian Encyclopedia
2630:Kowalski, pp. 297ā298
2468:Kowalski, pp. 291ā292
2375:Goldstein, pp. 46, 50
1968:Yale University Press
1558:Budak, pp. 31ā33, 247
1353:Kralj Dmitar Zvonimir
1253:
1142:
943:
910:, and Hungarian king
757:Thomas the Archdeacon
747:
623:
596:
507:, today known as the
502:
452:first mentioned as a
116:8/9 October 1075/1076
57:or Demetrius Zvonimir
3487:House of Savoy-Aosta
3345:House of TrpimiroviÄ
3274:(c. 1030–1058)
3268:(1000–c. 1020)
3191:House of TrpimiroviÄ
3090:House of TrpimiroviÄ
2992:Zekan, Mate (1990).
2688:"Raketna topovnjaÄa"
2387:Goldstein, pp. 37ā38
2243:AnÄiÄ, pp. 75, 79ā80
2059:Goldstein, pp. 40ā41
1101:In the 14th century
1054:who married in 1326
1043:A 13thā14th century
956:lasting until 1918.
914:, who fought at the
859:de genere Cacautonem
740:Death and succession
368:, with the title of
320:(Å estak), and uncle
280:and the creation of
3528:11th-century births
3523:TrpimiroviÄ dynasty
3466:Croatia in personal
3373:Michael KreŔimir II
3244:Michael KreŔimir II
3085:Demetrius Zvonimir
2959:(1). Zagreb: 35ā54.
1950:Historia Salonitana
1507:10.21857/m3v76tz0wy
1384:Zvonimir's vows by
1340:Republic of Croatia
1214:Anonymous chronicle
1125:Historia Salonitana
1121:(15-16th century).
1117:(15th century) and
1114:Chronica Hungarorum
1005:Council of Clermont
930:Conventio Amicitiae
762:Historia Salonitana
710:Chronica Hungarorum
473:Amico of Giovinazzo
407:in 1063 to restore
306:Stjepan SvetoslaviÄ
298:TrpimiroviÄ dynasty
260:He first served as
245:; died 1089) was a
73:c. 1064/1070 ā 1074
3468:union with Hungary
3407:Demetrius Zvonimir
3284:Demetrius Zvonimir
2477:AnÄiÄ, pp. 100ā101
2207:Budak, p. 285, 287
1970:, New Haven, 1997
1906:Budak, p. 219, 259
1897:Budak, p. 217, 220
1787:Budak, p. 248, 251
1709:Budak, p. 248, 284
1668:Budak, p. 216, 220
1300:Pope Boniface VIII
1268:
1264:Ostrovica, Croatia
1260:Ostrovica Fortress
983:Legend about death
953:
753:
726:Alexios I Komnenos
626:
618:
574:, as found on the
513:
226:Demetrius Zvonimir
42:Demetrius Zvonimir
3510:
3509:
3478:(1102–1918)
3438:
3402:Peter KreŔimir IV
3383:Svetoslav Suronja
3299:
3298:
3292:(1089–1091)
3286:(1075–1089)
3280:(1058–1074)
3278:Peter KreŔimir IV
3256:Svetoslav Suronja
3158:
3157:
3149:Succeeded by
3146:c.1064/1070ā1074
3122:Succeeded by
3108:Peter KreŔimir IV
2936:978-953-340-061-7
2621:AnÄiÄ, pp. 98ā108
2579:Kowalski, pp. 296
2552:Kowalski, pp. 295
2525:Kowalski, pp. 294
2495:Kowalski, pp. 300
2450:Goldstein, pp. 37
2423:Goldstein, pp. 43
2405:Kowalski, pp. 297
2396:Goldstein, pp. 51
2365:. BaÅ”ka: 271ā280.
2332:Goldstein, pp. 46
2264:978-0-521-02756-4
2225:Budak, p. 287ā289
2169:Povijesni prilozi
2117:Budak, p. 286ā287
2029:Kowalski, pp. 291
1986:Kowalski, pp. 290
1862:Curta, p. 263ā265
1853:Budak, p. 258ā259
1817:Budak, p. 257ā258
1611:978-953-6045-02-0
1465:Crown of Zvonimir
1423:Richeza of Poland
1419:BĆ©la I of Hungary
1284:Anthony the Great
1274:(d. 1348) at the
1088:BĆ©la I of Hungary
706:Annales CarinthiƦ
690:Holy Roman Empire
659:on the island of
652:Supetar cartulary
639:Cyrillic alphabet
460:, succeeding Ban
395:Holy Roman Empire
346:Peter KreŔimir IV
302:Svetoslav Suronja
266:Peter KreŔimir IV
223:
222:
125:Peter KreŔimir IV
55:Peter KreŔimir IV
16:(Redirected from
3565:
3543:Bans of Slavonia
3503:(king designate)
3432:
3378:Stephen Držislav
3326:
3319:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3258:(997–1000)
3250:Stephen Držislav
3184:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3132:Preceded by
3105:Preceded by
3100:
3081:
3080:
3063:
3051:
3003:
2988:
2987:. Zagreb: 73ā91.
2978:
2960:
2940:
2915:
2913:
2907:. Archived from
2896:
2881:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2561:Nemet, pp. 82ā83
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2543:Nemet, pp. 81ā82
2541:
2535:
2534:Nemet, pp. 79ā81
2532:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2486:Kowalski, pp. 22
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2350:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2323:Nemet, pp. 78ā83
2321:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2198:AnÄiÄ, pp. 61ā64
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2072:
2069:
2060:
2057:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2007:Zekan, pp. 24ā31
2005:
1996:
1995:Nemet, pp. 78ā84
1993:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1960:
1954:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:Zekan, pp. 34ā43
1918:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1796:Tomislav Raukar
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1767:
1761:
1760:Zekan, pp. 18ā24
1758:
1729:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1616:
1615:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1525:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1486:
1396:
1386:Celestin MedoviÄ
1381:
1366:
1276:Trogir Cathedral
1272:Mladen III Å ubiÄ
1104:Chronicon Pictum
1073:East-West Schism
1034:Ottoman invasion
865:identified with
810:, the sister of
799:) where was the
778:near Knin) with
643:Gregorian reform
581:
537:Pope Gregory VII
421:Chronicon Pictum
393:The neighboring
244:
239:
182:Helen of Hungary
51:
39:
38:
21:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3538:Bans of Croatia
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3489:
3481:
3467:
3460:
3447:House of SnaÄiÄ
3441:
3416:
3339:
3330:
3300:
3295:
3252:(969–997)
3246:(949–969)
3240:(945–949)
3234:(935–945)
3228:(928–935)
3222:(910–928)
3216:(892–910)
3210:(878–879)
3204:(845–864)
3193:
3188:
3154:
3145:
3137:
3127:
3118:
3115:King of Croatia
3110:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3061:
3058:
3049:
2976:
2937:
2911:
2905:
2894:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2694:(in Croatian).
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2663:(in Croatian).
2653:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:GunjaÄa, p. 154
2515:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2351:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2294:Wayback Machine
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2103:(in Croatian).
2093:
2089:
2084:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
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2016:Trpimir Macan,
2015:
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851:White Croatian
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2798:. Retrieved
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2776:. Retrieved
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2753:13 September
2751:. Retrieved
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2727:13 September
2725:. Retrieved
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2699:. Retrieved
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2669:. Retrieved
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899:Ravni Kotari
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374:. The term "
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321:
317:
316:("teacher")
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295:
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92:Petar SnaÄiÄ
36:
3533:1089 deaths
3501:Tomislav II
3457:(pretender)
3430:Ladislaus I
2747:pulainfo.hr
2721:maksimir.hr
1138:Mala Kapela
863:Chuchanorum
855:Petar GusiÄ
772:Ferdo Å iÅ”iÄ
629:council in
607:Benedictine
552:Benedictine
429:Carantanian
292:Early years
218:Catholicism
208:TrpimiroviÄ
121:Predecessor
78:Predecessor
3517:Categories
3412:Stephen II
3363:KreŔimir I
3358:Trpimir II
3290:Stephen II
3232:KreŔimir I
3226:Trpimir II
3125:Stephen II
3119:1075ā1089
2866:Literature
1438:, wife of
1286:in nearby
1094:including
951:from 1611.
857:and Petar
847:Sclavonian
839:Stephen II
767:Stephen II
603:Glagolitic
584:Glagolitic
485:Stephen II
352:family of
238:pronounced
135:Stephen II
113:Coronation
3397:Stephen I
3272:Stephen I
3202:Trpimir I
1808:, str. 49
1355:(RTOP-12)
1304:Mladen II
1288:Ostrovica
891:Morsticus
828:Byzantium
795:(today's
776:Biskupija
714:Carinthia
531:(today's
384:Sclavonia
328:and from
172:, Croatia
131:Successor
88:Successor
3437:as duke)
3368:Miroslav
3353:Tomislav
3333:Monarchs
3238:Miroslav
3220:Tomislav
3214:Muncimir
3019:(2006).
3009:(1991).
2947:(1984).
2888:(1994).
2290:Archived
1773:Archived
1598:(1995).
1459:See also
1317:Zvonimir
1282:and St.
965:Croatian
874:Slavonia
824:Bulgaria
698:Henry IV
674:županije
572:Croatian
445:Dalmatia
431:army of
399:Henry IV
376:Slavonia
358:Slavonia
322:Strezata
318:Scestaki
314:magistro
230:Croatian
214:Religion
3392:Gojslav
3337:Croatia
3266:Gojslav
3208:Zdeslav
3075:Arhinet
1501:: 2ā3.
1495:Zbornik
1446:of the
1444:voivode
1436:Claudia
1430:Radovan
1346:). The
1109:Zolomer
946:Vatican
912:Coloman
832:voivode
820:Denmark
759:in his
694:Vecelin
679:LapÄani
647:slavery
586:script
521:regalia
517:crowned
437:Kvarner
433:Ulric I
425:Croatia
409:Solomon
405:Hungary
402:invaded
388:Croatia
350:Orseoli
304:'s son
286:Hungary
282:a union
195:Claudia
193:Radovan
155:Croatia
3095:
3045:
2981:Radovi
2953:Radovi
2933:
2901:
2667:. 2021
2261:
1974:
1804:
1608:
1409:Family
1403:, 1897
1311:Modern
1292:Paul I
1280:Bribir
1219:Bribir
1009:martyr
949:fresco
936:Legacy
903:Zagreb
867:Kukari
826:, and
816:Poland
808:Jelena
793:Salona
702:Istria
635:Slavic
582:), in
529:Salona
449:GĆ©za I
441:Istria
413:BĆ©la I
397:under
354:Venice
334:BijaÄi
197:Vinica
178:Spouse
161:Burial
3435:Ćlmos
3135:GojÄo
3097:Died:
2998:[
2977:(PDF)
2925:[
2912:(PDF)
2895:(PDF)
1476:Notes
1452:Karin
1440:Vniha
1415:Helen
1129:maior
1080:Sabor
1013:saint
973:kralj
797:Solin
787:near
734:vicar
683:dowry
665:lauda
631:Split
564:Latin
556:Vrana
527:) at
519:with
505:Solin
489:Split
462:GojÄo
458:Zadar
417:Helen
380:Latin
362:Drava
330:Solin
326:Mosor
284:with
203:House
189:Issue
105:Reign
82:GojÄo
70:Reign
3043:ISBN
2931:ISBN
2899:ISBN
2802:2023
2780:2023
2755:2023
2729:2023
2703:2023
2673:2023
2259:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1371:Knin
1084:Knin
1011:and
969:kral
895:Sava
889:and
883:OmiÅ”
789:Knin
720:the
708:and
661:Cres
657:Osor
597:The
366:Sava
364:and
274:Knin
170:Knin
151:Knin
148:1089
145:Died
3335:of
3035:doi
1503:doi
1227:'s
1098:).
977:Krk
614:Krk
378:" (
371:ban
332:to
262:ban
3519::
3390:/
3041:,
2985:38
2983:.
2979:.
2957:17
2955:.
2951:.
2771:.
2745:.
2719:.
2690:.
2657:.
2605:^
2584:^
2500:^
2380:^
2363:42
2361:.
2357:.
2337:^
2173:30
2171:.
2167:.
2076:^
2064:^
2052:^
2000:^
1966:,
1911:^
1867:^
1733:^
1724:,
1714:^
1652:^
1620:^
1551:^
1529:^
1515:^
1499:34
1493:.
1442:,
1334:,
1262:,
1221:.
1208:.
1058:.
1015:.
967::
822:,
818:,
803:.
685:.
667:.
612:,
590:.
566::
423:,
382::
336:.
288:.
236:,
232::
168:,
153:,
3494:)
3490:(
3433:(
3325:e
3318:t
3311:v
3183:e
3176:t
3169:v
3037::
2939:.
2804:.
2782:.
2757:.
2731:.
2705:.
2675:.
2643:.
2267:.
2105:8
1878:.
1682:"
1614:.
1509:.
1505::
1342:(
1330:(
1315:"
1266:.
971:(
861:/
849:-
616:.
228:(
34:.
20:)
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