553:
1061:
1569:
36:
1752:, and de-mobilized soldiers. Temporary wooden bridges were put up over destroyed spans. Multiple tracks were disassembled into one smaller working line, equipment assessed and rebuilt. In three months, the railway was working again in a rudimentary form. The Armies of Occupation needed the railways to move coal and the soon to be gathered agricultural harvest. Deutschebahn had a critical shortage of wagons, carriages and locomotives, so much so that the US gave war surplus engines to ensure the movement of freight.
910:
2623:
2056:
2042:
1670:... so long as the railroads were paid by the track kilometer, so many pfennigs per mile. The rate was the same throughout the war, with children under ten going at half-fare and children under four going free. Payment had to be made for only one way. The guards of course had to have return fare paid for them because they were going back to their place of origin ...
668:). The stock already in use had been inherited from the various state railways and comprised a great number of designs, many of them quite old. In fact, the DRG was unable to procure new stock in the numbers it wanted to both for financial reasons and due to delays in upgrading the lines to carry higher
1723:
main railway station. The tour was scheduled to end on 8 May 2008 (the 63rd anniversary of the end of the
European portion of World War II) when the train arrived at Auschwitz. However, it continued to make appearances through 2009, and as of January 2010 the website requests visitors to look for
1674:
Conditions in the wagons were inhumane because no water or food was provided, and sanitary arrangements were minimal, usually a bucket in a corner of the wagon. Although each wagon was intended to hold about 50 people, they were frequently overcrowded and holding 100 to 150 people. No heating was
1744:
targeted locomotives and bombed them. As a result, trains were at a standstill in the spring of 1945. The cities of
Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Frankfort, Dusseldorf, Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden and others were affected. Stations were completely destroyed and wagons and carriage set on fire and
710:
Taking lead from the German Labor Front, the
Deutsche Reichsbahn took part in the conflict of intermarriage in Germany. In August 1933 Robert Ley, leader of Reich Labor, demanded that those administrators working for the German Labor Front be married only to German individuals. The Deutsche
1018:
In all the occupied lands the
Reichsbahn endeavoured to incorporate the captured railways (rolling stock and infrastructure) into their system. Even towards the end of the war the Reichsbahn continued to move military formations. For example, in the last great offensive, the
1675:
provided, so people could freeze in winter and overheat in summer. Deaths in the wagons were frequent among the young, old, sick, and disabled, especially as travel was slow and often lasted many days since the trains had low priority on the tracks. Their small amount of
190:
has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the
Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
1745:
destroyed. Bomb craters and blast seriously damaged the permanent way or rail track. The Allied forces of
Occupation were put in charge and instantly had myriad problems regarding food, lack of housing, fuel, displaced persons and people on the move.
1284:
2025:
On 3 October 1990, the GDR states acceded to the
Federal Republic of Germany. Initially the two railway administrations continued to operate separately, albeit with increasing cooperation, and in 1994 they were merged to form the new
1768:
were transferred to the ownership and administration of the states in whose territory they were situated. For example, on 27 April 1945, the
Austrian railways became independent again as the Austrian State Railway
711:
Reichsbahn took the lead in discriminating against intermarried workers, firing German employees married to Jews and forbidding intermarried
Germans from working there in the future, starting in November 1933.
737:
reached a speed of 200.4 km/h (124.5 mph) during a demonstration run, the
Reichsbahn preferred fast railcars on its high speed network. The potential of these express trains was demonstrated by the
243:("German Imperial Railway Company", DRG), a nominally private railway company, which was 100% owned by the German state. In 1937 the railway was reorganised again as a state authority and given the name
733:
was accelerated. Before that streamlined steam engines had been built, but they were not as economical as the high-speed diesel and electric railcars. Although the Borsig streamlined steam engine, the
578:
387:
897:
As a result of the Reichsbahn Act of 11 July 1939, the Reich Transport Minister became the director general of the Reichsbahn by his office. DorpmĂŒller, who since 1937 was also in charge of the
672:. The locomotive classes taken over from the old state railways, especially those from the Prussia, continued to dominate the scene until the end of the 1930s. They included, for example, the
2415:
817:) and was largely independent by § III 14 of the DRG's company regulations. It was responsible for the electrification of many lines, following the commencement of
1688:), began a 3,000 km (1,900 mi) tour of Germany as a rolling memorial to the thousands of youth and children who were deported from all over Europe, many via the
2217:
Germany's Economy, Currency and Finance: A Study Addressed by Order of the German Government to the Committees of Experts, as Appointed by the Reparations Commission.
1694:, to the camps. A certain amount of controversy has surrounded the train's tour through Germany, in part because of the apparent lack of cooperation on the part of
1577:
1658:
was ready to ship in principle any cargo in return for payment. And therefore, the basic key â price controlled key â was that Jews were going to be shipped to
572:. Following the plan's publication, on 12 February 1924, the Reich government announced the creation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn as a state enterprise under the
1703:(DB AG) concerning such matters as compensation for the use of the DB AG's right of way (during the tour) and the stationing of the train, during its visit to
2784:
1859:) with its headquarters in Speyer. The Operating Association included the railway divisions of Karlsruhe (in the US Zone), Mainz and SaarbrĂŒcken. After the
1114:. As a result, German standard gauge rolling stock had to be used for an additional logistic role within Russia; this required the laying of standard gauge
2398:
2718:
2611:
602:
to operate the national railways. The aim was to earn profits which, under the Dawes Plan, were to be used to contribute to Germany's war reparations.
483:
405:
In the remaining German states, by contrast, the existing state railways continued to be subject to their respective sovereigns, despite the fact that
1454:
629:
was the Reichsbahn released from its financial obligations. In total, about 3.87 billion Goldmarks was paid in reparations to the Allied powers.
2779:
660:
The beginning of the DRG was characterised by the acquisition of new rolling stock built to standard types, such as the standard steam locomotives (
1748:
The Engineering Corps of British and American forces oversaw the partial rebuilding of the lines and cars with local labour from Prisoners-of-War,
1126:
had to convert a total of 16,148 kilometres (10,034 mi) of Soviet trackage to German standard gauge track between 22 June and 8 October 1941.
1679:
was stored separately, sometimes at the station and never left with the train, but examined for valuables which were stolen or resold for profit.
592:
As this was not enough to satisfy the reparations creditors, on 30 August 1924 a law was enacted providing for the establishment of a state-owned
825:, and for the independent trialling and procurement of locomotives and passenger coaches. The Group Administration introduced, for example, the
2774:
2589:
1889:(commonly known as East Germany), on 7 October 1949. One month prior, on 7 September 1949, the railway systems in the three western zones (the
2419:
2799:
2769:
2764:
276:
German states were founded in 1949. East Germany took over the control of the DR on its territory and continued to use the traditional name
2794:
609:
to be paid to the Allied powers, while its original capital was valued at fifteen billion Goldmarks. These terms were later amended in the
2564:
2556:
2543:
2328:
2307:
2282:
409:
had tried in vain to purchase the main railway lines for the Empire. A similar attempt failed in 1875 as a result of opposition from the
843:
In 1933 the Group Administration was disbanded and administration of the railways in Bavaria was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn.
21:
This article is about the national railways of Germany between the two world wars. For state railways of the post-war East Germany, see
2789:
2160:
1983:
1184:, which was almost exclusively due to the takeover of other national railways. This affected both parts of foreign state railways (in
170:, also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the
1129:
During the war, locomotives in the war zones were sometimes given camouflage livery. In addition, locomotives were painted with the
714:
In 1935 the railway network had a total of 68,728 kilometres (42,706 mi) of line, of which 30,330 km (18,850 mi) was
2644:
1234:
2723:
1462:
1458:
488:
2604:
2089:
2469:
2201:
2010:, classes was carried out in the 1950s. Gradually, however, they were replaced by the more economical and easier-to-maintain
2698:
2639:
2584:
2127:
2104:
2094:
1978:
In the post-war years, the DR in East Germany continued to develop independently of the DB, but very much in parallel. The
352:
1853:
In the French Occupation Zone, the railways were grouped into the Operating Association of the Southwest German Railways (
2713:
982:
478:
2743:
503:
434:("German Reich Railways") came into force on 1 April 1920. This resulted in the merger of the existing state railways (
2703:
2675:
2240:
2174:
2166:
1973:
1907:
1841:
1815:
the Reichsbahn divisions of Augsburg, Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Munich, Regensburg and Stuttgart (for the railways in
1794:
313:
279:
116:
22:
1833:
The Reichsbahn divisions of Essen, Hamburg, Hanover, Cologne, MĂŒnster (Westfalen) and Wuppertal were grouped into the
2597:
2507:
2453:
2132:
2074:
552:
508:
1370:
2619:
1011:
818:
374:
2395:
753:
the most important railway lines ran in an eastâwest direction. The high-speed lines at that time were on the
526:, the company was formally given the name "Deutsche Reichsbahn" by decree of the Reich Minister of Transport,
2708:
2079:
802:
493:
1904:
On the formation of East Germany on 7 October 1949, the railway system in the Soviet Zone retained the name
1626:
2019:
1979:
1659:
1060:
2580:
2230:
1957:
1863:
was transferred from the French Zone and was given its own state railway â the Railways of the Saarland (
1764:
in 1945 those parts of the Deutsche Reichsbahn that were outside the new German borders laid down in the
898:
782:
626:
573:
1269:
1049:
746:
in its record run on 21 June 1931 when it reached a top speed of 230.2 km/h (143.0 mph).
2738:
1886:
1667:
1356:
557:
498:
1299:
2191:
2117:
2099:
1219:
924:
With the Act for the New Regulation of the Conditions of the Reichsbank and the Deutsche Reichsbahn (
918:
862:
418:
231:), took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states (
2258:
1275:
Lines in regions that had been German to 1918 and in adjacent areas with a German-speaking minority
1252:
605:
At the same time as the Reichsbahn law was enacted, the company was handed a bill of eleven billion
2383:
1166:
were crucial to the conduct of Germany's military offensives. The preparations for the invasion of
837:
754:
707:
were new goods locomotives built in large numbers, but of course now for a very different purpose.
663:
467:
307:
1873:
division. After the Deutsche Bundesbahn was formed this Operating Association was merged with it.
1568:
1178:
Characteristic of the first six and a half years of this period was the exponential growth of the
260:
2733:
2418:[On the German railway network to Auschwitz: 11,000 children] (in German). Archived from
569:
150:
994:
303:("Austrian Federal Railways", ĂBB) was founded in 1945, and was given its present name in 1947.
2325:
2301:
2276:
1882:
1115:
822:
52:
1740:
bombers. Marshalling yards, bridges, repair shops, and service facilities were all destroyed.
891:
335:("German Rail", DBAG), technically no longer a government agency but still a 100% state-owned
1041:
370:
2350:
Vol. 1: 1920â1932. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill / London 1999, p. 26
2084:
1912:(DR), despite the connotations of the word "Reich". This was due to the designation of the
1422:
1095:
1007:
459:
1816:
868:
8:
2670:
2015:
1961:
1896:
1718:
1614:
1020:
901:, continued in office as the director general after 1939 under this new legal framework.
539:
425:
336:
321:
287:
111:
1934:
in 1946 the Head Office of the Railways of the American and British Occupation Regions (
1439:
private railways, which the DR had already taken over the operations of in October 1938
35:
2728:
1606:
1602:
1414:
1111:
1045:
988:
693:
447:
443:
414:
2405:, dokumentiert beim Institut fĂŒr Stadtgeschichte, Karmeliterkloster, Frankfurt am Main
1922:, a role it retained until the creation of the unified DBAG at the beginning of 1994.
2521:
Vol 2: 1933â1945, Chapel Hill und London, The University of North Carolina Press 2000
2518:
Vol 1: 1920â1932, Chapel Hill und London, The University of North Carolina Press 1999
2503:
2449:
2236:
2197:
2170:
2122:
2011:
1987:
1941:
1765:
1710:
1418:
956:
had an important logistic role in supporting the rapid movement of the troops of the
885:
778:
715:
451:
406:
2473:
2007:
1937:
Hauptverwaltung der Eisenbahnen des amerikanischen und britischen Besatzungsgebiets
1761:
1618:
1558:
1486:
1001:
976:
927:
Gesetz zur Neuregelung der VerhÀltnisse der Reichsbank und der Deutschen Reichsbahn
750:
741:
702:
614:
606:
1337:
Private railway companies taken over or incorporated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn
2576:
2441:
2402:
2332:
2311:
2286:
2262:
2018:
classes. In general this happened rather later than in the West. In 1970, the DR
1733:
1638:
1321:
1193:
1102:
lines or converting them to German standard gauge. Confounding German plans, the
1098:
on 22 June 1941, the problem arose of transferring troops and materiel to Soviet
758:
618:
599:
582:
527:
399:
391:
378:
366:
212:
206:
171:
134:
41:
2690:
2649:
437:
233:
62:
2514:
The Most Valuable Asset of the Reich: A History of the German National Railway.
2348:
The most valuable asset of the Reich. A history of the German National Railway.
2061:
2001:
1741:
1436:
1425:, Lower Austrian Waldviertel Railway, ViennaâAspang railway, MĂŒhlkreis Railway
1151:" was replaced by the letters "DR". Postal coaches continued to bear the name "
1119:
1091:
830:
729:
In the latter part of the 1930s, the development of high-speed trains like the
689:
648:
175:
2162:
The Most Valuable Asset of the Reich: A History of the German National Railway
1749:
455:
2758:
2665:
2502:. Internationales Archiv fĂŒr Lokomotivgeschichte Vol 14, Slezak, Wien, 1999,
2069:
2047:
2027:
1812:
1695:
1189:
1107:
826:
730:
723:
685:
681:
677:
348:
329:
183:
1993:
909:
2302:
Law relating to the state treaty for the transfer of state railways to the
2109:
1998:
classes being rationalised and withdrawn from service. A major conversion (
1890:
1645:
1622:
1388:
1384:
1306:
1132:
734:
673:
471:
410:
273:
269:
142:
2256:
Information about railroad, history and technology of German state railway
2232:
Constructing Iron Europe: Transnationalism and Railways in the Interbellum
1869:) â the rest of the network of the SaarbrĂŒcken division went into the new
1682:
Beginning in November 2007, a museum train, the "Train of Commemoration" (
1328:
761:(albeit slower there due to the poor state of the tracks), the lines from
362:
2526:
1919:
1793:
Operational control of the rest of the DR was devolved to the respective
1240:
1138:
1099:
972:
719:
463:
179:
2022:
its locomotives in order to conform to new computerised data standards.
365:(now Strasbourg). It was formed after France had ceded the territory of
1581:
1450:
1200:
State railways taken over or incorporated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn
1106:
and Soviet railways managed to withdraw or destroy the majority of its
1083:
774:
622:
610:
565:
1918:
in postwar treaties and military protocols as the railway operator in
781:
to southwest Germany, on which the diesel express trains ran, and the
568:
was a plan to utilize the state railway completely for the payment of
2680:
1663:
1634:
1594:
1590:
1258:
1239:
Only railways located in the regions annexed by the Deutsche Reich ("
1225:
The takeover of rolling stock officially followed on 1 January 1939.
1123:
965:
957:
914:
669:
625:
annually) put a considerable strain on the Reichsbahn. Not until the
252:
1644:
The following is an excerpt from the testimony of Holocaust scholar
874:
From 1925, the director general had a permanent deputy. These were:
398:) and then sold it again to the German Empire. After the end of the
2006:) programme to update steam locomotives and rectify flawed, mainly
1860:
1630:
1310:
1142:
1103:
1028:
209:, which still used the nation-state term of the previous monarchy,
1094:
networks could be used without difficulty. By contrast, after the
358:
Kaiserliche General-Direktion der Eisenbahnen in Elsass-Lothringen
355:, whose Imperial General Division of Railways in Alsace-Lorraine (
2622:
2531:
Die Eisenbahn in Deutschland. Von den AnfÀngen bis zur Gegenwart.
1676:
1185:
1079:
1024:
798:
786:
770:
766:
293:
2193:
Driving Germany: The Landscape of the German Autobahn, 1930â1970
1931:
1704:
1167:
1087:
1075:
1057:, but from November 1939 by the Ostbahn (Generalgouvernement).
1023:(from 16 December 1944), tank formations were transported from
762:
547:
1986:, was extended. The production, conversion and development of
1782:
298:
2416:"Auf dem deutschen Schienennetz nach Auschwitz: 11000 Kinder"
1870:
1737:
1610:
1192:) in the countries annexed by the Deutsche Reich, as well as
1070:
military marked railwayman's carbide burner lantern (c. 1942)
428:
of 11 August 1919, the state treaty on the foundation of the
220:
1137:
symbol (the eagle, Germany's traditional symbol of national
1598:
1593:
of the Reichsbahn were also an important factor during the
636:
1 October 1930: the DRG took over the Bremen Port Railway (
402:
this national "imperial railway" was taken back by France.
182:
from the regional railways of the individual states of the
2041:
1819:) were subordinated to the Senior Control Office US Zone (
1775:
or ĂStB), later renamed as the Austrian Federal Railways (
936:
was placed under Reich sovereignty and was given the name
2326:
Act for the creation of the "Deutsche Reichsbahn" company
2255:
1290:
Gradual takeover of the regions ceded to Belgium in 1920
632:
During the DRG period the following milestones occurred:
342:
2446:
Shoah: The Complete Text of the Acclaimed Holocaust Film
2372:
Schlag nach! â Wissenswerte Tatsachen aus allen Gebieten
1034:
The railways managed by the "Eastern Railway Division" (
656:
1 March 1935: the railways of the Saar were incorporated
1118:. The price was high: Reichsbahn railway staff and the
2565:
Law on the reorganization of the circumstances of the
1170:
saw the greatest troop deployment by rail in history.
851:
At the head of the Reichsbahn was a director general (
530:, on 27 June 1921. In 1922 the old railway divisions (
1990:
initially continued in earnest; older, especially ex-
1629:, for example, thus played a significant role in the
598:("German Imperial Railway Company", DRG) as a public
237:). In 1924 it was reorganised under the aegis of the
225:
in the name of the railway; the monarchical term was
2374:. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig, 1938, p. 341.
2362:. Rudgers University Press, New Jersey, 1996, .p.44.
2037:
1953:
Deutsche Reichsbahn im Vereinigten Wirtschaftsgebiet
1940:) was created. In 1947 it moved its headquarters to
1856:
Betriebsvereinigung der SĂŒdwestdeutschen Eisenbahnen
699:
Not until the procurement programme for the wartime
2500:
Deutsche Reichsbahn in Ăsterreich 1938â1945 (â1953)
1845:under Director General Max Leibbrand in Bielefeld.
1788:
369:in 1871 to the German Empire and the newly created
2470:"'Train of Commemoration' Travels Through Germany"
1967:
904:
2577:Documents and clippings about Deutsche Reichsbahn
1327:Lines located in the pre-1939 Polish district of
2756:
1925:
945:
792:
1641:in recognition of this dark period of history.
846:
284:, while the railway in West Germany became the
199:The company was founded on 1 April 1920 as the
1732:German railways were heavily bombed by Allied
1715:station instead of the more centrally located
1475:Mecklenburg Frederick William Railway Company
2605:
1724:further travel plans at the end of February.
2785:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft locomotives
2228:
2219:Zentral-Verlag GmbH, 1924, pp. 4, 98 and 99.
2158:
1999:
1991:
1951:
1945:
1935:
1913:
1905:
1894:
1885:became a self-declared socialist state, the
1864:
1854:
1835:
1820:
1798:
1776:
1770:
1755:
1716:
1708:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1653:
1179:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1130:
1065:
1050:
1040:) were initially run from that part of the
1035:
951:
937:
931:
925:
852:
812:
806:
739:
700:
661:
646:
637:
593:
548:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (1924â1937)
537:
531:
521:
515:
435:
429:
356:
327:
319:
311:
296:
285:
277:
258:
250:
249:("German Imperial Railway", DRB). After the
244:
238:
226:
218:
210:
200:
2235:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 134.
645:27 June 1933: the DRG's sister company the
536:) were renamed as Reich railway divisions (
474:. The state railways that merged were the:
417:presented a draft Reich Railway Act to the
2612:
2598:
1803:legally existed in four parts until 1949.
1633:within the extermination machinery of the
1305:Lines within the incorporated regions of
819:electric power generation to the railways
696:even continued in production until 1930.
2780:Railway companies disestablished in 1949
2472:. Zug der Erinnerung e.V. Archived from
2440:
1727:
1059:
908:
722:and 10,496 km (6,522 mi) were
551:
326:to form Germany's new national carrier,
1455:Prince Henri Railway and Mining Company
718:, 27,209 km (16,907 mi) were
424:In the wake of the stipulations of the
2757:
2189:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2090:German steam locomotive classification
1822:Oberbetriebsleitung United States Zone
836:Bavaria also continued to use its own
351:, which was founded in 1871, were the
347:The first railways to be owned by the
343:Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (1920â1924)
217:(German Reich, hence the usage of the
205:("German Imperial Railways") when the
2775:Railway companies established in 1920
2645:History of the railway in WĂŒrttemberg
2593:
1543:SchipkauâFinsterwald Railway Company
997:(the invasions of Denmark and Norway)
383:Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est
265:("Federal Railway of Austria", BBĂ).
16:Former German national railway system
2800:German companies established in 1920
2770:Defunct railway companies of Germany
2765:History of rail transport in Germany
2640:History of rail transport in Germany
2128:Ranks and insignia of the Reichsbahn
2105:Railway sabotage during World War II
2095:List of DRG locomotives and railcars
1625:from the goods station of the great
1601:were transported like cattle to the
1268:Parts of the Polish State Railways (
971:October 1938: the annexation of the
353:Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine
292:("German Federal Railway", DB). The
2795:Companies involved in the Holocaust
2145:
1956:). Following the foundation of the
1930:To conform to the formation of the
1510:EutinâLĂŒbeck Railway Company (ELE)
1298:Parts of the Yugoslavian Railways (
1196:in Germany and in other countries:
983:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
560:in 1928 complete with rank insignia
13:
2676:Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
2222:
1974:Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
1893:), were reunified and renamed the
1459:William Luxembourg Railway Company
257:in 1938 the DR also took over the
117:Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
23:Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
14:
2811:
2790:1949 disestablishments in Germany
2537:
2396:Gedenktafel an der GroĂmarkthalle
2183:
2133:Chain boat navigation on the Main
2075:Deutsche Reichsbahn service ranks
1532:ToitzâRustowâLoitz light railway
966:annexation of Austria (Anschluss)
840:for many years after the merger.
564:Among the provisions of the 1924
396:Französische Ostbahn-Gesellschaft
2681:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
2621:
2559:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
2546:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
2159:Mierzejewski, Alfred C. (2014).
2054:
2040:
1980:locomotive classification scheme
1901:(DB â German Federal Railways).
1789:Railways in the occupation zones
1637:. In 1997, the market erected a
1567:
1235:Czechoslovak State Railway (ÄSD)
933:Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft
595:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
240:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
178:system created after the end of
34:
2533:Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich, 1999
2462:
2434:
2408:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
1968:East German Deutsche Reichsbahn
1950:in the United Economic Region (
1828:
1772:Ăsterreichische Staatseisenbahn
1463:Luxemburg Narrow Gauge Railways
1283:Parts of the Belgian Railways (
1096:start of the invasion of Russia
905:Deutsche Reichsbahn (1937â1945)
814:Zentrales Maschinen- und Bauamt
509:Prussian-Hessian state railways
2498:Roland Beier, Hans Sternhart:
2340:
2319:
2295:
2270:
2249:
2210:
2196:. Bergbahn Books. p. 51.
1876:
1848:
1662:, were going to be shipped to
1609:by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in
1521:Kreis Oldenburg Railway (KOE)
1499:WittenbergeâPerleberg Railway
375:French Eastern Railway Company
1:
2138:
2080:DRG locomotive classification
1926:Bizone and creation of the DB
946:World War II and military use
803:Bavarian Group Administration
793:Bavarian Group Administration
2229:Anastasiadou, Irene (2011).
1778:Ăsterreichische Bundesbahnen
1552:
1173:
1145:. On goods wagons the name "
1037:Generaldirektion der Ostbahn
987:September/October 1939: the
857:). The office holders were:
847:Leadership of the Reichsbahn
318:merged with the West German
299:Ăsterreichische Bundesbahnen
7:
2581:20th Century Press Archives
2448:. New York: Da Capo Press.
2033:
1958:Federal Republic of Germany
1891:Federal Republic of Germany
1837:Reichsbahn-Generaldirektion
899:Reich Ministry of Transport
878:1925â1926 Julius DorpmĂŒller
627:Lausanne Conference of 1932
617:and the regular payment of
574:Reich Ministry of Transport
373:had formally purchased the
306:In January 1994, following
194:
10:
2816:
2492:
2169:. pp. v, xiâxii, 26.
2165:. Vol. 1: 1920â1932.
1971:
1887:German Democratic Republic
1866:Eisenbahnen des Saarlandes
1806:
1556:
930:) of 10 February 1937 the
913:1938 military ticket from
881:1926â1933 Wilhelm Weirauch
523:Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen
504:WĂŒrttemberg state railways
484:Mecklenburg state railways
431:Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen
361:) had its headquarters in
202:Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen
20:
2689:
2658:
2632:
2206:– via Google Books.
2118:Transportation in Germany
2100:Rail transport in Germany
1946:
1883:Soviet zone of occupation
1836:
1756:Breakup of the Reichsbahn
1402:Lusatian Railway Company
1220:Austrian Federal Railways
1153:
1147:
1074:In the campaigns against
587:Reichsverkehrsministerium
125:
104:
86:
68:
58:
48:
33:
2659:German railway companies
2627:German railway companies
2512:Alfred C. Mierzejewski:
2346:Alfred C. Mierzejewski:
1621:. These movements using
1253:Lithuanian State Railway
1090:etc. the newly acquired
808:Gruppenverwaltung Bayern
755:Prussian Eastern Railway
664:Einheitsdampflokomotiven
489:Oldenburg state railways
2360:Resistance of the Heart
2190:Zeller, Thomas (2007).
1982:, based on that of the
1371:Brunswick State Railway
1052:Polnischen Staatsbahnen
811:) had its head office (
494:Bavarian state railways
470:under the newly formed
151:Allied-occupied Germany
74:; 104 years ago
2633:German railway history
2000:
1992:
1952:
1944:and called itself the
1936:
1914:
1906:
1895:
1865:
1855:
1821:
1799:
1777:
1771:
1717:
1709:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1672:
1654:
1180:
1162:
1131:
1071:
1066:
1051:
1048:-assigned part of the
1036:
952:
938:
932:
926:
921:
853:
833:railcar into service.
823:Walchensee Power Plant
813:
807:
757:which ran through the
740:
701:
662:
647:
638:
594:
586:
561:
538:
532:
522:
516:
436:
430:
395:
382:
357:
328:
320:
312:
297:
286:
278:
259:
251:
245:
239:
227:
219:
211:
201:
92:; 74 years ago
53:Rail transport company
2384:Ăffentlichkeitsarbeit
1728:Rebuilding after 1945
1650:
1627:Frankfurt Market Hall
1357:LĂŒbeck-BĂŒchen Railway
1160:The logistics of the
1063:
1044:within the so-called
1042:Polish State Railways
912:
555:
540:Reichsbahndirektionen
514:Initially called the
371:Third French Republic
261:Bundesbahn Ăsterreich
228:Deutsches Kaiserreich
63:German state railways
40:DR emblem during the
2289:affecting railways.
2277:Constitution of the
2085:DRG locomotive types
1785:) on 5 August 1947.
1760:With the end of the
1615:covered goods wagons
1580:The wagon monument,
1423:Steyr Valley Railway
1008:Operation Barbarossa
995:Operation WeserĂŒbung
797:Within the state of
613:. Nevertheless, the
533:Eisenbahndirektionen
499:Saxon state railways
479:Baden state railways
308:German reunification
2671:Deutsche Bundesbahn
2571:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1962:Deutsche Bundesbahn
1947:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1908:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1897:Deutsche Bundesbahn
1795:zones of occupation
1607:extermination camps
1413:In former Austria:
1338:
1201:
1181:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1154:Deutsche Reichspost
1148:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1021:Battle of the Bulge
1000:May/June 1940: the
939:Deutsche Reichsbahn
892:Albert GanzenmĂŒller
690:Bavarian S 3/6
684:(BR 58.10) and the
621:(about 660 million
426:Weimar Constitution
337:joint stock company
322:Deutsche Bundesbahn
314:Deutsche Reichsbahn
288:Deutsche Bundesbahn
280:Deutsche Reichsbahn
246:Deutsche Reichsbahn
188:Deutsche Reichsbahn
167:Deutsche Reichsbahn
112:Deutsche Bundesbahn
90:7 October 1949
30:
29:Deutsche Reichsbahn
2529:and Manfred Pohl:
2401:2015-09-24 at the
2331:2012-02-16 at the
2310:2012-02-16 at the
2285:2012-04-25 at the
2261:2006-04-08 at the
1685:Zug der Erinnerung
1415:Schneeberg Railway
1336:
1199:
1072:
1046:General Government
989:invasion of Poland
922:
731:"Flying Hamburger"
694:express locomotive
688:(BR 95). The
686:Prussian T 20
682:Prussian G 12
678:Prussian P 10
562:
415:Albert von Maybach
310:, the East German
28:
2752:
2751:
2203:978-1-84545-309-1
2123:Bahnschutzpolizei
2008:wartime austerity
1988:steam locomotives
1960:, it was renamed
1942:Offenbach am Main
1817:WĂŒrttemberg-Baden
1766:Potsdam Agreement
1550:
1549:
1419:Schafberg Railway
1342:Date of takeover
1334:
1333:
1205:Date of takeover
886:Wilhelm Kleinmann
869:Julius DorpmĂŒller
838:signalling system
779:Frankfurt am Main
716:main line railway
703:Kriegslokomotiven
674:Prussian P 8
517:Reichseisenbahnen
407:Otto von Bismarck
162:
161:
72:1 April 1920
2807:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2476:on 17 April 2008
2466:
2460:
2459:
2442:Lanzmann, Claude
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2156:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2005:
1997:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1917:
1911:
1900:
1868:
1858:
1839:
1838:
1825:) in Frankfurt.
1824:
1802:
1780:
1774:
1762:Second World War
1722:
1714:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1657:
1619:Holocaust trains
1571:
1559:Holocaust trains
1487:Prignitz Railway
1339:
1335:
1265:1 November 1939
1230:19 October 1938
1202:
1198:
1194:private railways
1183:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1136:
1069:
1054:
1039:
1002:Battle of France
981:March 1939: the
977:Munich Agreement
964:March 1938: the
955:
941:
935:
929:
919:Königsberg (Pr.)
856:
831:Class ET 85
816:
810:
783:Silesian Railway
751:Second World War
745:
742:Schienenzeppelin
706:
667:
652:
641:
639:Hafenbahn Bremen
615:Great Depression
597:
581:
543:
535:
525:
519:
441:
433:
390:
360:
334:
325:
317:
302:
291:
283:
264:
256:
248:
242:
230:
224:
216:
204:
155:
147:
139:
100:
98:
93:
82:
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75:
38:
31:
27:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2699:Alsace-Lorraine
2685:
2654:
2628:
2620:
2618:
2557:By-laws of the
2540:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2403:Wayback Machine
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2333:Wayback Machine
2324:
2320:
2314:
2312:Wayback Machine
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:Wayback Machine
2279:Deutsches Reich
2275:
2271:
2265:
2263:Wayback Machine
2254:
2250:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2167:UNC Press Books
2157:
2146:
2141:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2036:
1976:
1970:
1928:
1879:
1851:
1831:
1809:
1791:
1758:
1742:Fighter-bombers
1730:
1639:memorial plaque
1617:, now known as
1587:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1529:1 January 1943
1496:1 January 1941
1483:1 January 1941
1472:1 January 1941
1399:1 January 1939
1367:1 January 1938
1353:1 January 1938
1348:Network length
1322:Soviet Railways
1176:
1012:Balkan Campaign
960:, for example:
948:
907:
854:Generaldirektor
849:
829:locomotive and
827:Class E 32
795:
789:(now WrocĆaw).
785:from Berlin to
759:Polish corridor
676:(BR 38.10-40),
619:war reparations
600:holding company
577:
570:war reparations
550:
528:Wilhelm Groener
400:First World War
386:
367:Alsace-Lorraine
345:
213:Deutsches Reich
207:Weimar Republic
197:
158:
153:
145:
137:
135:Weimar Republic
128:
121:
96:
94:
91:
78:
76:
73:
44:
42:Weimar Republic
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2574:
2562:
2554:
2539:
2538:External links
2536:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2461:
2454:
2433:
2422:on 25 May 2015
2407:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2339:
2318:
2294:
2269:
2248:
2242:978-9052603926
2241:
2221:
2209:
2202:
2182:
2176:978-1469620206
2175:
2143:
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2087:
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2066:
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2062:Germany portal
2051:
2035:
2032:
2002:Rekonstruktion
1972:Main article:
1969:
1966:
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1557:Main article:
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1519:
1518:1 August 1941
1515:
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1503:
1500:
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1493:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1478:112.6 km
1476:
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1440:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1394:187.7 km
1392:
1382:
1381:1 August 1938
1378:
1377:
1376:109.5 km
1374:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:160.8 km
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:
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1343:
1332:
1331:
1325:
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1314:
1313:
1311:Upper Carniola
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1248:23 March 1939
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1223:
1217:
1216:18 March 1938
1213:
1212:
1209:
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1175:
1172:
1120:railway troops
1092:standard gauge
1016:
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1004:
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979:
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871:
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794:
791:
724:light railways
680:(BR 39),
658:
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649:Reichsautobahn
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2666:Deutsche Bahn
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2508:3-85416-186-7
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2455:0-306-80665-7
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2070:Breitspurbahn
2068:
2067:
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2052:
2049:
2048:Trains portal
2043:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2028:Deutsche Bahn
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1965:
1963:
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1933:
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1603:concentration
1600:
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1578:
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1524:72.3 km
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:39.3 km
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1491:61.5 km
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1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:1939 to 1940
1409:
1408:
1405:80.9 km
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349:German Empire
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2744:WĂŒrttemberg
2691:LĂ€nderbahnen
2650:LĂ€nderbahnen
2570:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2545:
2530:
2513:
2499:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:the original
2464:
2445:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:the original
2410:
2391:
2386:Bundesarchiv
2379:
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2110:
2024:
1977:
1929:
1903:
1880:
1852:
1842:British Zone
1834:
1832:
1829:British Zone
1810:
1797:so that the
1792:
1759:
1750:rubble women
1747:
1731:
1719:Hauptbahnhof
1681:
1673:
1651:
1646:Raul Hilberg
1643:
1588:
1584:, Jerusalem
1540:1 July 1943
1449:Railways in
1437:Czechoslovak
1307:Lower Styria
1257:Railways in
1177:
1159:
1141:) holding a
1133:Hoheitsadler
1128:
1073:
1033:
1017:
993:April 1940:
949:
923:
896:
873:
863:Rudolf Oeser
850:
842:
835:
796:
748:
728:
720:branch lines
713:
709:
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659:
631:
604:
591:
563:
513:
472:German Reich
438:LĂ€nderbahnen
423:
404:
346:
305:
267:
234:LĂ€nderbahnen
232:
198:
187:
166:
165:
163:
143:Nazi Germany
18:
2719:Mecklenburg
2544:Law on the
2527:Lothar Gall
2336:(in German)
2315:(in German)
2291:(in German)
2266:(in German)
1920:West Berlin
1877:Soviet Zone
1849:French Zone
1546:33 km
1507:1 Mai 1941
1502:10 km
1241:Sudetenland
1188:the entire
1139:sovereignty
1110:during its
1100:broad gauge
973:Sudetenland
749:Before the
653:was founded
623:Reichsmarks
464:Mecklenburg
456:WĂŒrttemberg
180:World War I
154:(1945â1949)
146:(1933â1945)
138:(1920â1933)
127:Area served
59:Predecessor
2759:Categories
2729:Palatinate
2567:Reichsbank
2550:Reichsbahn
2139:References
2020:renumbered
1994:LĂ€nderbahn
1915:Reichsbahn
1800:Reichsbahn
1711:Ostbahnhof
1691:Reichsbahn
1655:Reichsbahn
1582:Yad Vashem
1535:7 km
1451:Luxembourg
1446:From 1940
1324:(SĆœD/ĐĄĐĐ)
1280:from 1940
1163:Reichsbahn
1084:Yugoslavia
1082:, France,
1067:Reichsbahn
975:after the
953:Reichsbahn
890:1942â1945
884:1933â1942
867:1926â1945
861:1924â1926
775:Ruhrgebiet
735:no. 05 002
692:(BR 18.5)
670:axle loads
611:Young Plan
566:Dawes Plan
105:Successors
97:1949-10-07
79:1920-04-01
2724:Oldenburg
1707:, at the
1664:Auschwitz
1660:Treblinka
1635:Holocaust
1595:Holocaust
1591:logistics
1553:Holocaust
1435:9 former
1385:Lokalbahn
1329:BiaĆystok
1285:NMBS/SNCB
1259:Memelland
1174:Expansion
1124:Wehrmacht
958:Wehrmacht
915:Rendsburg
607:Goldmarks
579:âčSee Tfdâș
558:conductor
468:Oldenburg
419:Bundesrat
388:âčSee Tfdâș
363:StraĂburg
253:Anschluss
174:national
2569:and the
2480:14 April
2444:(1995).
2399:Archived
2329:Archived
2308:Archived
2283:Archived
2259:Archived
2034:See also
2016:electric
1861:Saarland
1631:genocide
1387:Munich (
1211:Remarks
1143:swastika
1104:Red Army
1029:Ardennes
1010:and the
294:Austrian
195:Overview
49:Industry
2734:Prussia
2709:Bavaria
2583:of the
2579:in the
2493:Sources
1840:in the
1811:In the
1807:US Zone
1677:luggage
1668:Sobibor
1186:Austria
1122:of the
1112:retreat
1080:Denmark
1027:to the
1025:Hungary
821:at the
799:Bavaria
787:Breslau
773:to the
771:Hanover
767:Hamburg
448:Bavaria
444:Prussia
176:railway
95: (
87:Defunct
77: (
69:Founded
2739:Saxony
2506:
2452:
2426:25 May
2239:
2200:
2173:
2113:(film)
2012:diesel
1932:Bizone
1705:Berlin
1611:trains
1373:(BLE)
1359:(LBE)
1222:(BBĂ)
1168:Russia
1088:Greece
1076:Poland
1006:1941:
801:, the
777:, via
769:, via
763:Berlin
583:German
556:A DRG
452:Saxony
392:German
379:French
186:. The
172:German
2714:Hesse
2704:Baden
2304:Reich
2111:Shoah
1871:Trier
1738:USAAF
1432:1940
1345:Name
1317:1941
1300:JĆœ-ĐĐ
1295:1941
1208:Name
1116:track
1064:WWII
1055:(PKP)
460:Baden
442:) of
413:when
221:Reich
2552:law)
2504:ISBN
2482:2008
2450:ISBN
2428:2015
2237:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2014:and
1881:The
1736:and
1652:The
1605:and
1599:Jews
1589:The
1309:and
950:The
466:and
274:West
272:and
270:East
268:The
164:The
2585:ZBW
1984:DRG
1783:ĂBB
1781:or
1734:RAF
1613:of
1389:LAG
1270:PKP
1243:")
1157:".
968:and
917:to
765:to
589:).
544:).
520:or
385:or
2761::
2147:^
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1964:.
1701:AG
1666:,
1648::
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1457:,
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585::
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421:.
394::
381::
339:.
332:AG
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2458:.
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25:.
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