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Dihydromorphine

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142: 536: 513: 151: 704:. Dihydromorphine occurs in trace quantities in assays of opium on occasion, as does dihydrocodeine, dihydrothebaine, tetrahydrothebaine, etc. The process for manufacturing dihydromorphine from morphine for pharmaceutical use was developed in Germany in the late 19th century, with the synthesis being published in 1900 and the drug introduced clinically as Paramorfan shortly thereafter. A high-yield synthesis from tetrahydrothebaine was later developed. 36: 843:: 3300 kilograms in 2013. Manufacturers, distributors, and importers with the correct DEA license and state permits related thereto are able to use Schedule I drugs in this fashion when they are transformed into something of a lower schedule. The DEA has assigned dihydromorphine and all of its salts, esters, etc. the 847:
of 9145. As with nicomorphine, MDMA and heroin, dihydromorphine is also used in research in properly licensed facilities. US DEA Form 225, the most common and least expensive individual researcher's license, does not include Schedule I drugs, and so the lab must have a higher-level DEA registration.
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value of 223 nM compared to 227 nM of morphine. Dihydromorphine is therefore slightly more μ-selective than morphine. Agonism of the μ-opioid and δ-opioid receptors is largely responsible for the clinical effects of opioids like dihydromorphine, with the μ-agonism providing more analgesia
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Dihydromorphine is regulated in the same fashion as morphine in Germany under the BtMG, Austrian SMG, and Swiss BtMG, where it is still used as an analgesic. The drug was invented in Germany in 1900 and marketed shortly thereafter. It is often used in Patient Controlled Analgesia units.
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Dihydromorphine is used for the management of moderate to severe pain such as that occurring in cancer; however, it is less effective in treating neuropathic pain and is generally considered inappropriate and ineffective for psychological pain.
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Dihydromorphine is slightly stronger than morphine as an analgesic with a similar side effect profile. The relative potency of dihydromorphine is about 1.2 times that of morphine. In comparison, the relative potency of
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Przybyl AK, Flippen-Anderson JL, Jacobson AE, Rice KC (March 2003). "Practical and high-yield syntheses of dihydromorphine from tetrahydrothebaine and efficient syntheses of (8S)-8-bromomorphide".
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Savage DD, Mills SA, Jobe PC, Reigel CE (1988). "Elevation of naloxone-sensitive 3H-dihydromorphine binding in hippocampal formation of genetically epilepsy-prone rats".
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InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,13,16,19-20H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1
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Varga EV, Navratilova E, Stropova D, Jambrosic J, Roeske WR, Yamamura HI (December 2004). "Agonist-specific regulation of the delta-opioid receptor".
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Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Vetulani J, Havemann U, Kuschinsky K (1982). "3H-dihydromorphine binding sites in subcellular fractions of rat striatum".
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Dihydromorphine's onset of action is more rapid than morphine and it also tends to have a longer duration of action, generally 4–7 hours.
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Dihydromorphine and morphine are also used alongside each other in clinical use in Japan and is regulated as such
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As with other licit opioids used for medical purposes in other countries, including even much weaker opioids like
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and is used clinically in the treatment of pain and also is an active metabolite of the analgesic opioid drug
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in the form of -dihydromorphine, is used in scientific research to study binding of the
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Ammon S, Hofmann U, Griese EU, Gugeler N, Mikus G (September 1999).
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Costantino CM, Gomes I, Stockton SD, Lim MP, Devi LA (April 2012).
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Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics
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value of 137 nM compared to 273 nM of morphine and
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subject to control, and other countries' laws may vary.
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Deutsche Betäbungsmittelgesetz, accessed 27. April 2014
1388:(10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Med. Publ. 1383: 1167: 380: 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 318:3,6-dihydroxy-(5α,6α)-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan 726:Dihydromorphine, often labelled with the isotope 6063: 6052:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer) 771:value of 2.5 nM compared to 4.9 nM of 360: 1300:"Controlled Substances (in alphabetical order)" 962: 960: 335: 2908: 2894: 1446: 202:Oral, Intravenous, Intranasally, Sublingually 1326:DEA Website: Forms, Retrieved 26. April 2014 1245: 957: 1460: 1143:Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy 1076: 2901: 2887: 1453: 1439: 1362:UNODC Bulletin On Narcotics, 1953, Issue 2 990: 988: 986: 763:Dihydromorphine acts as an agonist at the 534: 511: 420: 282:(Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) 1422:Various information about dihydromorphine 1287:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 1228: 1205:"Opioid receptor heteromers in analgesia" 1059: 1011: 1009: 969:Principles of Organic Medicinal Chemistry 692:structurally related to and derived from 440: 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 1040:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 966: 983: 507: 400: 6064: 1335:DEA Web Site, retrieved 30. April 2014 1006: 930: 525: 2882: 1434: 480: 286: 1209:Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 1023:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 751:is around 1.2 to 1.75 times that of 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 16:Semi-synthetic opioid analgesic drug 810:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 795: 460: 351: 13: 1117: 14: 6118: 4869:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 4197:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 3150:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene) 3135:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 2545:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) 1415: 1408:UNODC Bulletin On Narcotics, 1955 831:, dihydromorphine is listed as a 237: 5249:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether 1085:The Journal of Organic Chemistry 1052:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00042.x 822: 565: 559: 149: 140: 34: 5244:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether 1402: 1384:Hardman JG, Limbird LE (2001). 1377: 1365: 1356: 1347: 1338: 1329: 1320: 1292: 1280: 1196: 946:from the original on 2023-08-03 841:Drug Enforcement Administration 758: 649:Key:IJVCSMSMFSCRME-KBQPJGBKSA-N 274: 45:needs additional citations for 6072:Drugs not assigned an ATC code 5169:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide 2313:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 1161: 1134: 1111: 924: 624:O45Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C3N(CC253CC4)C 568: 553: 263: 250: 1: 5144:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 4337:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 3946:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 3375:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 917: 808:Under the 1961 international 4367:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon 1182:10.1016/0024-3205(88)90313-x 812:treaty dihydromorphine is a 166:Dihydromorphine, Paramorphan 7: 6102:Mu-opioid receptor agonists 6020:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin) 5648:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 5029:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) 3515:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone 1955:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 1120:Handbook of Pain Management 880: 803: 741: 721: 10: 6123: 6040:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) 5660:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 4764:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 3931:Methylsamidorphan chloride 3165:Dimethylaminopivalophenone 2990:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 1307:Diversion Control Division 712: 543:Chemical and physical data 18: 5960:Racecadotril (acetorphan) 5908: 5820: 5635: 5624: 5367:Buprenorphine/samidorphan 5324: 5279:Tricyclic antidepressants 4721: 4710: 4490: 4357:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 4064: 4053: 3710: 3400:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 2919: 2839: 2758: 2715: 2693: 2656:Tricyclic antidepressants 2612: 2564: 2553: 2515: 2470: 2419: 2303: 2270: 2219: 2155: 2119: 2029: 2020: 1929: 1727: 1545: 1486: 1477: 1266:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.020 863: 829:Controlled Substances Act 657: 632: 612: 590: 577: 547: 542: 523: 491: 471: 451: 431: 411: 391: 371: 346: 326: 306: 301: 227: 222: 206: 194: 182: 170: 162: 157: 148: 139: 5945:Dexecadotril (retorphan) 5917:Enkephalinase inhibitors 5846:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094) 5828:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 5744:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) 1990:+propyphenazone/caffeine 1372:Opioids for Pain Control 942:(published 2023-04-04). 872: 19:Not to be confused with 5643:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin 4914:Dynorphin B (rimorphin) 3956:Nalorphine dinicotinate 1374:(Cambridge Press, 2002) 940:Diário Oficial da União 707: 5259:Spiradoline (U-62,066) 5204:Pethidine (meperidine) 4397:Pethidine (meperidine) 4087:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881) 3733:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide 3632:Tetrahydropapaveroline 3547:Pethidine (meperidine) 1840:Pethidine (meperidine) 688:) is a semi-synthetic 6107:Semisynthetic opioids 5950:Ecadotril (sinorphan) 5437:CERC-501 (LY-2456302) 5337:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 4899:Dinalbuphine sebacate 4774:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 4498:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 4457:Thiobromadol (C-8813) 4097:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 3743:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 3723:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol 3195:Dinalbuphine sebacate 2461:+paracetamol/caffeine 2439:Metamizole (dipyrone) 2373:Morpholine salicylate 2317:+paracetamol/caffeine 835:substance along with 5807:Sunobinop (S-117957) 5542:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic 4874:Diamorphine (heroin) 4207:Diamorphine (heroin) 3175:Diamorphine (heroin) 2975:Acetyldihydrocodeine 2955:7-Hydroxymitragynine 2950:7-Acetoxymitragynine 2584:Gabapentin enacarbil 2378:Potassium salicylate 2368:Magnesium salicylate 2363:Imidazole salicylate 2190:Indometacin farnesil 1586:Diamorphine (heroin) 1553:Acetyldihydrocodeine 971:. pp. 215–216. 892:Acetyldihydrocodeine 54:improve this article 23:(Dilaudid, etc.) or 6082:4,5-Epoxymorphinans 6010:Ubenimex (bestatin) 5754:Nociceptin (1-13)NH 5362:β-Chlornaltrexamine 5332:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 4754:β-Chlornaltrexamine 4628:N-Benzylnaltrindole 4523:β-Chlornaltrexamine 4442:TAN-67 (SB-205,607) 4107:AR-M100390 (ARM390) 3768:β-Chlornaltrexamine 3738:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 2965:α-Chlornaltrexamine 2333:Carbasalate calcium 1353:SMG, 30. April 2014 967:Nadendla R (2005). 136: 6077:Opioid metabolites 5572:Norbinaltorphimine 4879:Diacetylnalorphine 4568:Diacetylnalorphine 4192:Desmethylclozapine 3846:Diacetylnalorphine 3526:Papaver somniferum 3110:Chloroxymorphamine 2866:Never to phase III 2771:Analgesic adjuvant 2672:1.7/1.8-selective: 2338:Choline salicylate 1765:Dextropropoxyphene 1221:10.1017/erm.2012.5 132: 6059: 6058: 5904: 5903: 5749:Nociceptin (1-11) 5620: 5619: 4749:14-Methoxymetopon 4706: 4705: 4623:Methylnaltrindole 4049: 4048: 3718:(3S,4S)-Picenadol 3330:Levacetylmethadol 2876: 2875: 2711: 2710: 2695:Potassium openers 2632:Local anesthetics 2574:Alcohol (ethanol) 2511: 2510: 2410:methyl salicylate 2398:Sodium salicylate 2285:Meclofenamic acid 1960:+aspirin/caffeine 1925: 1924: 1395:978-0-07-135469-1 1097:10.1021/jo0206871 1017:"Dihydromorphine" 996:"Dihydromorphine" 675: 674: 603:Interactive image 493:CompTox Dashboard 290: 277: 266: 254: 246:(Controlled drug) 241: 130: 129: 122: 104: 69:"Dihydromorphine" 21:dihydromorphinone 6114: 5939: 5866:Nociceptin (1-7) 5762:Norbuprenorphine 5699:Dihydroetorphine 5633: 5632: 5522:Methylnaltrexone 5432:Catechin gallate 5164:Norbuprenorphine 4889:Dihydroetorphine 4759:β-Funaltrexamine 4719: 4718: 4618:Methylnaltrexone 4558:Catechin gallate 4372:Norbuprenorphine 4212:Dihydroetorphine 4062: 4061: 3926:Methylnaltrexone 3818:Catechin gallate 3773:β-Funaltrexamine 3185:Dihydroetorphine 2928: 2927: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2566:Calcium blockers 2562: 2561: 2458: 2407: 2233: 2221:COX-2 inhibitors 2187: 2106:Tiaprofenic acid 2077: 2064: 2056: 2027: 2026: 1904: 1684: 1623: 1595: 1567: 1484: 1483: 1455: 1448: 1441: 1432: 1431: 1409: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1304: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1232: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1063: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1013: 1004: 1003: 992: 981: 980: 964: 955: 954: 952: 951: 928: 796:Pharmacokinetics 732:opioid receptors 671: 670: 663: 605: 585: 570: 567: 561: 555: 538: 527: 516: 515: 501: 499: 484: 464: 444: 424: 404: 384: 364: 354: 353: 339: 288: 285: 276: 273: 265: 262: 259:(Narcotic drugs) 252: 249: 239: 236: 153: 144: 137: 135: 131: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6055: 5937: 5900: 5831: 5816: 5757: 5679: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5651: 5628: 5616: 5412:Binaltorphimine 5357:6β-Naltrexol-d4 5320: 4939:Ethylketazocine 4894:Dihydromorphine 4714: 4702: 4513:6β-Naltrexol-d4 4486: 4242:Ethylketazocine 4217:Dihydromorphine 4057: 4045: 3753:6β-Naltrexol-d4 3706: 3505:Oxymorphonazine 3260:Furanylfentanyl 3190:Dihydromorphine 3045:Benzhydrocodone 2934: 2932: 2923: 2915: 2910:Opioid receptor 2907: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2856:Clinical trials 2835: 2816:Phenazopyridine 2754: 2735:Cyclobenzaprine 2707: 2689: 2671: 2614:Sodium blockers 2608: 2556: 2549: 2507: 2466: 2456: 2415: 2405: 2299: 2295:Tolfenamic acid 2280:Flufenamic acid 2266: 2231: 2215: 2185: 2151: 2115: 2075: 2062: 2054: 2016: 1980:+metoclopramide 1921: 1902: 1723: 1682: 1621: 1604:Dihydromorphine 1593: 1565: 1541: 1473: 1459: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1289:- Page 40 of 44 1285: 1281: 1250: 1246: 1201: 1197: 1166: 1162: 1139: 1135: 1116: 1112: 1081: 1077: 1032: 1028: 1015: 1014: 1007: 994: 993: 984: 965: 958: 949: 947: 929: 925: 920: 883: 875: 866: 825: 806: 798: 790: 782: 770: 761: 744: 724: 715: 710: 678:Dihydromorphine 666: 664: 661:(what is this?) 658: 653: 650: 645: 640: 639: 628: 625: 620: 619: 608: 583: 573: 564: 558: 519: 495: 487: 467: 447: 427: 407: 387: 367: 350: 342: 322: 319: 314: 313: 297: 218: 197: 185: 173: 134:Dihydromorphine 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 25:dehydromorphine 17: 12: 11: 5: 6120: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5940:-Phenylalanine 5934: 5929: 5924: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5767:Racemethorphan 5764: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5714:Levomethorphan 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5637: 5630: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5219:Racemethorphan 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5039:Levomethorphan 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4716: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4407:Racemethorphan 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4317:Levomethorphan 4314: 4312:Leu-enkephalin 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3991:Naltrexonazine 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3592:Racemethorphan 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3335:Levomethorphan 3332: 3327: 3325:Leu-enkephalin 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3285:Hydromorphinol 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3180:Dihydrocodeine 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3145:Dextromoramide 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3050:Benzylmorphine 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2980:Acetylfentanyl 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2891: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2811:Methoxyflurane 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2699: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2570: 2568: 2559: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2454:Propyphenazone 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2429:Aminophenazone 2425: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2309: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2290:Mefenamic acid 2287: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2225: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2070: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1760:Dextromoramide 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1640:Hydromorphinol 1637: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1591:Dihydrocodeine 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1560: 1558:Benzylmorphine 1555: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1496: 1494: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1417: 1416:External links 1414: 1411: 1410: 1401: 1394: 1376: 1364: 1355: 1346: 1337: 1328: 1319: 1316:on 2016-04-17. 1291: 1279: 1260:(6): 599–612. 1244: 1195: 1176:(3): 239–246. 1160: 1149:(1–3): 73–78. 1133: 1110: 1075: 1046:(3): 317–322. 1026: 1005: 982: 956: 934:(2023-03-31). 922: 921: 919: 916: 915: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 882: 879: 874: 871: 865: 862: 854:benzylmorphine 824: 821: 805: 802: 797: 794: 788: 780: 768: 760: 757: 749:dihydrocodeine 743: 740: 736:nervous system 723: 720: 714: 711: 709: 706: 702:dihydrocodeine 673: 672: 655: 654: 652: 651: 648: 646: 643: 635: 634: 633: 630: 629: 627: 626: 623: 615: 614: 613: 610: 609: 607: 606: 598: 596: 588: 587: 581: 575: 574: 571: 562: 556: 551: 545: 544: 540: 539: 529: 521: 520: 518: 517: 504: 502: 489: 488: 486: 485: 477: 475: 469: 468: 466: 465: 457: 455: 449: 448: 446: 445: 437: 435: 429: 428: 426: 425: 417: 415: 409: 408: 406: 405: 397: 395: 389: 388: 386: 385: 377: 375: 369: 368: 366: 365: 357: 355: 344: 343: 341: 340: 332: 330: 324: 323: 321: 320: 317: 309: 308: 307: 304: 303: 299: 298: 296: 295: 283: 271: 260: 247: 233: 231: 225: 224: 220: 219: 217: 216: 212: 210: 204: 203: 200: 198:administration 192: 191: 188: 180: 179: 176: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 146: 145: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6119: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6097:Cyclohexanols 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6035:Pronociceptin 6033: 6031: 6030:Proenkephalin 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5689:Buprenorphine 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5422:Buprenorphine 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:Amentoflavone 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5295:nortriptyline 5292: 5288: 5284: 5283:amitriptyline 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4989:Hydromorphone 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4904:Diprenorphine 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884:Difelikefalin 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4864:Cyprenorphine 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4809:Big dynorphin 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729:3CS-nalmefene 4727: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4573:Diprenorphine 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4277:Hydromorphone 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4187:Deltorphin II 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4072:3CS-nalmefene 4070: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3921:Methocinnamox 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3881:Ginsenoside R 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851:Diprenorphine 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3728:3CS-nalmefene 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3557:Phencyclidine 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3500:Oxymorphazone 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3290:Hydromorphone 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3235:Ethylmorphine 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3225:Endomorphin-2 3223: 3221: 3220:Endomorphin-1 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3200:Diphenoxylate 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3085:Butyrfentanyl 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3070:Buprenorphine 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2985:Acrylfentanyl 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2960:ψ-Akuammigine 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2904: 2899: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2745:Methocarbamol 2743: 2741: 2740:Mephenoxalone 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2730:Chlorzoxazone 2728: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2660:amitriptyline 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2622:Carbamazepine 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080:Dexketoprofen 2074: 2071: 2068: 2060: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1855:Phenoperidine 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Ethoheptazine 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1645:Hydromorphone 1643: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1614:Ethylmorphine 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1564: 1563:Buprenorphine 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546:Semisynthetic 1544: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1405: 1397: 1391: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1368: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1312: 1308: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Life Sciences 1248: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:Life Sciences 1164: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091:(5): 2010–3. 1090: 1086: 1079: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1010: 1001: 997: 991: 989: 987: 978: 974: 970: 963: 961: 945: 941: 937: 933: 927: 923: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 902:Nicodicodeine 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 887:Dihydroheroin 885: 884: 878: 870: 861: 859: 855: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 823:United States 820: 818: 815: 811: 801: 793: 786: 778: 774: 766: 756: 754: 750: 739: 737: 733: 729: 719: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 669: 662: 656: 647: 642: 641: 638: 631: 622: 621: 618: 611: 604: 600: 599: 597: 594: 589: 582: 580: 576: 552: 550: 546: 541: 537: 533: 530: 528: 526:ECHA InfoCard 522: 514: 510: 509:DTXSID7048908 506: 505: 503: 494: 490: 483: 479: 478: 476: 474: 470: 463: 459: 458: 456: 454: 450: 443: 439: 438: 436: 434: 430: 423: 419: 418: 416: 414: 410: 403: 399: 398: 396: 394: 390: 383: 379: 378: 376: 374: 370: 363: 359: 358: 356: 349: 345: 338: 334: 333: 331: 329: 325: 316: 315: 312: 305: 300: 294: 284: 281: 272: 270: 261: 258: 248: 245: 235: 234: 232: 230: 226: 221: 214: 213: 211: 209: 205: 201: 199: 193: 189: 187: 181: 177: 175: 169: 165: 161: 158:Clinical data 156: 152: 147: 143: 138: 124: 121: 113: 110:November 2012 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: –  70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 26: 22: 6046: 6025:Prodynorphin 6017:Propeptides: 6016: 5915: 5886:Thienorphine 5709:JNJ-19385899 5694:Cebranopadol 5676:Ac-RYYRIK-NH 5668:Ac-RYYRWK-NH 5352:6β-Naltrexol 5269:Thienorphine 5234:Salvinorin A 5034:Levallorphan 4893: 4839:Cebranopadol 4698:Thienorphine 4508:6β-Naltrexol 4292:JNJ-20788560 4287:Isomethadone 4216: 4182:Deltorphin I 4177:Deltorphin A 4157:Cebranopadol 4152:Casokefamide 3986:Naltrexazone 3976:Naloxonazine 3901:Levallorphan 3748:6β-Naltrexol 3647:Thienorphine 3602:Remifentanil 3524: 3455:Nicomorphine 3450:Nicodicodine 3405:Morphiceptin 3305:Ketobemidone 3189: 3140:Desomorphine 3125:DAMGO (DAGO) 3105:Cebranopadol 3100:Casokefamide 2750:Orphenadrine 2725:Carisoprodol 2717:Myorelaxants 2667: 2517:Cannabinoids 2483:Floctafenine 2388:Salicylamide 2067:+paracetamol 2059:Dexibuprofen 2047:Flurbiprofen 2037:Benoxaprofen 2012:Propacetamol 2002:Parapropamol 1970:+hydrocodone 1911:+paracetamol 1880:Remifentanil 1870:Proheptazine 1800:Ketobemidone 1740:Alphaprodine 1687:+paracetamol 1675:Nicomorphine 1670:Nicodicodine 1626:+paracetamol 1603: 1598:+paracetamol 1581:Desomorphine 1510:+paracetamol 1404: 1385: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1322: 1311:the original 1306: 1294: 1282: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1212: 1208: 1198: 1173: 1169: 1163: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1119: 1113: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1043: 1039: 1029: 1020: 999: 968: 948:. Retrieved 926: 876: 867: 826: 807: 799: 792:than the δ. 762: 759:Pharmacology 745: 725: 716: 685: 681: 677: 676: 665:   659:   229:Legal status 223:Legal status 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 6087:Euphoriants 5955:Kelatorphan 5932:Candoxatril 5821:Antagonists 5772:Racemorphan 5739:NNC 63-0532 5724:Lexanopadol 5719:Levorphanol 5597:Quadazocine 5582:Pawhuskin A 5577:Noribogaine 5567:Navacaprant 5557:Naltrindole 5477:Epicatechin 5442:Clocinnamox 5325:Antagonists 5287:desipramine 5254:Samidorphan 5224:Racemorphan 5209:Phenazocine 5199:Pentazocine 5179:Norketamine 5174:Noribogaine 5134:Nalfurafine 5099:Mirtazapine 5089:Metkefamide 5049:Lexanopadol 5044:Levorphanol 5024:Laudanosine 5009:ICI-204,448 5004:ICI-199,441 4974:Hemorphin-4 4934:Erinacine E 4919:Eluxadoline 4909:Dynorphin A 4854:Cyclazocine 4829:Butorphanol 4814:Bremazocine 4789:Asimadoline 4779:Allomatrine 4769:Akuammicine 4678:Quadazocine 4673:Pawhuskin A 4668:Noribogaine 4653:Naltrindole 4593:Epicatechin 4588:Eluxadoline 4563:Clocinnamox 4491:Antagonists 4422:Samidorphan 4412:Racemorphan 4392:Oxymorphone 4352:Mitragynine 4347:Metkefamide 4327:Lexanopadol 4322:Levorphanol 4307:Laudanosine 4272:Hydrocodone 4267:Hemorphin-4 4167:Cyclazocine 4142:Butorphanol 4117:β-Endorphin 4036:Samidorphan 4031:Quadazocine 4021:Pawhuskin A 4011:Noribogaine 4001:Naltrindole 3936:Naldemedine 3866:Epicatechin 3823:Clocinnamox 3711:Antagonists 3682:Tubotaiwine 3667:Trimebutine 3597:Racemorphan 3567:Piritramide 3552:Phenazocine 3537:Pentazocine 3510:Oxymorphone 3475:Oliceridine 3460:Norketamine 3445:Nicocodeine 3430:Naltalimide 3395:Mitragynine 3385:Metkefamide 3355:Loxicodegol 3345:Lexanopadol 3340:Levorphanol 3315:Laudanosine 3280:Hydrocodone 3275:Hodgkinsine 3265:Hemorphin-4 3255:Frakefamide 3215:Embutramide 3210:Dynorphin A 3170:Eluxadoline 3160:Dimenoxadol 3095:Carfentanil 3080:Butorphanol 3055:Bezitramide 3025:β-Endorphin 3015:Anileridine 3005:Akuammidine 3000:Akuammicine 2970:α-Narcotine 2852:from market 2796:Frunevetmab 2776:Bedinvetmab 2685:PF-05089771 2594:Mirogabalin 2555:Ion channel 2525:Cannabidiol 2478:Benzydamine 2421:Pyrazolones 2403:Wintergreen 2353:Ethenzamide 2348:Dipyrocetyl 2305:Salicylates 2247:Lumiracoxib 2183:Indometacin 2111:Zaltoprofen 2030:Propionates 1940:Acetanilide 1931:Paracetamol 1865:Piritramide 1850:Phenazocine 1845:Phenadoxone 1835:Pentazocine 1830:Oliceridine 1825:Norpipanone 1794:+fluanisone 1775:Dimenoxadol 1755:Carfentanil 1750:Bezitramide 1745:Anileridine 1714:Papaveretum 1709:Oxymorphone 1703:+naltrexone 1665:Nicocodeine 1650:Levorphanol 1619:Hydrocodone 1576:Butorphanol 1521:+naltrexone 1118:Dureja GP. 907:Nicocodeine 850:nicocodeine 686:Paramorphan 586: g·mol 532:100.007.365 302:Identifiers 163:Other names 6066:Categories 6050:Kyotorphin 5995:Spinorphin 5876:SB-612,111 5871:Nocistatin 5841:BAN-ORL-24 5792:SCH-486757 5787:SCH-221510 5626:Nociceptin 5587:PF-4455242 5562:Naringenin 5552:Naltrexone 5512:LY-2795050 5507:LY-2459989 5502:LY-2444296 5497:LY-2196044 5482:Hyperoside 5397:Aticaprant 5291:imipramine 5214:Proxorphan 5189:Oxilorphan 5159:Niravoline 5149:Nalorphine 5124:Nalbuphine 5109:Moxazocine 5084:Metazocine 5054:Lofentanil 5019:Ketazocine 4979:Herkinorin 4959:Gemazocine 4949:Fedotozine 4929:Eptazocine 4859:Cyclorphan 4844:Ciprefadol 4663:Naringenin 4643:Naltrexone 4638:Nalorphine 4613:LY-2196044 4603:ICI-174864 4598:ICI-154129 4543:Bevenopran 4518:α-Santolol 4482:Zenazocine 4462:Tonazocine 4417:RWJ-394674 4402:Proglumide 4342:Metazocine 4332:Lofentanil 4262:Fluorophen 4026:Rimonabant 4016:Oxilorphan 4006:Naringenin 3996:Naltrexone 3961:Naloxazone 3951:Nalorphine 3916:LY-2196044 3886:Hyperoside 3876:Gemazocine 3871:Eptazocine 3808:Bevenopran 3652:Tianeptine 3627:Tapentadol 3622:Sufentanil 3617:Sinomenine 3607:Salsolinol 3562:Piminodine 3480:Oxycodegol 3470:Octreotide 3465:Nufenoxole 3415:Nalbuphine 3370:Meptazinol 3350:Loperamide 3320:Lefetamine 3270:Herkinorin 3250:Fluorophen 3205:Dipipanone 3130:Dermorphin 3020:Apparicine 3010:Alfentanil 2933:(abridged; 2913:modulators 2826:Rimazolium 2821:Proglumide 2766:Analgecine 2703:Flupirtine 2646:Mexiletine 2627:Lacosamide 2604:Ziconotide 2599:Pregabalin 2589:Leconotide 2579:Gabapentin 2557:modulators 2540:Nabiximols 2503:Proquazone 2498:Nimesulide 2493:Nabumetone 2444:Nifenazone 2358:Guacetisal 2343:Diflunisal 2328:Benorylate 2262:Valdecoxib 2242:Etoricoxib 2173:Diclofenac 2163:Acemetacin 2132:Lornoxicam 2086:Loxoprofen 2073:Ketoprofen 2042:Fenoprofen 2007:Phenacetin 1985:+oxycodone 1975:+ibuprofen 1907:+celecoxib 1890:Tapentadol 1885:Sufentanil 1860:Piminodine 1810:Meptazinol 1805:Lofentanil 1780:Dipipanone 1735:Alfentanil 1695:+ibuprofen 1660:Nalbuphine 1630:+ibuprofen 1462:Analgesics 1002:. DB01565. 950:2023-08-16 918:References 833:Schedule I 827:Under the 814:Schedule I 682:Paramorfan 591:3D model ( 579:Molar mass 482:ChEMBL1500 442:C3S5FRP6JW 413:ChemSpider 373:IUPHAR/BPS 328:CAS Number 311:IUPAC name 293:Schedule I 269:Schedule I 172:Dependence 80:newspapers 6005:Tynorphin 6000:Thiorphan 5980:Opiorphan 5922:Amastatin 5851:J-113,397 5812:TH-030418 5782:Ro65-6570 5777:Ro64-6198 5704:Etorphine 5612:Zyklophin 5602:Taxifolin 5492:LY-255582 5452:Cyclofoxy 5402:Axelopran 5316:Xorphanol 5306:U-54,494A 5274:Tifluadom 5264:TH-030418 5194:Oxycodone 5184:Oripavine 5154:Naltriben 5139:Nalmefene 5094:Mianserin 5064:Lufuradom 4969:GR-103545 4944:Etorphine 4924:Enadoline 4824:Butorphan 4819:BRL-52537 4784:Apadoline 4693:Taxifolin 4688:SoRI-9409 4648:Naltriben 4633:Nalmefene 4608:LY-255582 4538:Axelopran 4477:Xorphanol 4447:TH-030418 4427:SB-235863 4387:Oxycodone 4382:Oripavine 4247:Etorphine 4137:Butorphan 4102:Amoxapine 4041:Taxifolin 3966:Naloxegol 3941:Nalmefene 3911:LY-255582 3841:Cyprodime 3836:Cyclofoxy 3803:Axelopran 3783:Alvimopan 3778:Akuammine 3763:α-Gliadin 3702:Xorphanol 3692:Valorphin 3637:TH-030418 3495:Oxycodone 3490:Oripavine 3425:Nalmexone 3380:Methadone 3360:LS-115509 3240:Etorphine 3230:Eseroline 3075:Butorphan 2936:full list 2862:Phase III 2850:Withdrawn 2831:Tanezumab 2791:Clonidine 2786:Capsaicin 2640:lidocaine 2488:Glafenine 2449:Phenazone 2393:Salsalate 2323:Aloxiprin 2272:Fenamates 2257:Rofecoxib 2252:Parecoxib 2236:+tramadol 2229:Celecoxib 2211:Zomepirac 2196:Ketorolac 2168:Bromfenac 2147:Tenoxicam 2142:Piroxicam 2137:Meloxicam 2096:Oxaprozin 2052:Ibuprofen 1995:+tramadol 1950:Butacetin 1815:Methadone 1728:Synthetic 1699:+naloxone 1680:Oxycodone 1609:Etorphine 1570:+naloxone 1537:Paregoric 1215:(9): e9. 1128:884520261 977:938923816 698:analgesic 280:Anlage II 196:Routes of 186:liability 184:Addiction 174:liability 5891:Trap-101 5881:SR-16430 5802:SR-16435 5656:(PheΨ(CH 5636:Agonists 5547:Naloxone 5457:Dezocine 5427:Catechin 5382:Apigenin 5311:U-69,593 5104:Morphine 5074:MB-1C-OH 5014:Ketamine 4999:Ibogaine 4964:GR-89696 4954:Fentanyl 4834:BW373U86 4722:Agonists 4712:κ-opioid 4658:Naloxone 4553:Catechin 4528:Apigenin 4467:Tramadol 4452:Thebaine 4362:Morphine 4282:Ibogaine 4252:Fentanyl 4232:DPI-3290 4202:Dezocine 4147:BW373U86 4127:Biphalin 4092:ADL-5859 4065:Agonists 4055:δ-opioid 3981:Naloxone 3906:Lobeline 3891:Ibogaine 3813:Catechin 3793:Apigenin 3662:Tramadol 3657:Tilidine 3642:Thebaine 3612:SC-17599 3582:Propiram 3542:Pericine 3485:OM-3-MNZ 3410:Morphine 3300:Ketamine 3245:Fentanyl 3155:Dezocine 3090:BW373U86 3060:Biphalin 2945:3-HO-PCP 2931:Agonists 2921:μ-opioid 2801:Ketamine 2680:Funapide 2675:DSP-2230 2535:Nabilone 2530:Cannabis 2434:Ampyrone 2206:Tolmetin 2201:Sulindac 2178:Etodolac 2156:Acetates 2127:Isoxicam 2101:Suprofen 2091:Naproxen 1965:+codeine 1900:Tramadol 1895:Tilidine 1875:Propiram 1790:Fentanyl 1770:Dezocine 1719:Thebacon 1691:+aspirin 1634:+aspirin 1532:Laudanum 1517:Morphine 1505:+aspirin 1426:DrugBank 1274:15567186 1239:22490239 1105:12608825 1070:10510141 1000:DrugBank 944:Archived 912:Thebacon 897:Morphine 881:See also 858:tilidine 817:narcotic 804:Legality 787:with a K 785:κ-opioid 779:with a K 777:δ-opioid 773:morphine 767:with a K 765:μ-opioid 742:Strength 722:Research 694:morphine 668:(verify) 393:DrugBank 337:509-60-4 257:Class A1 208:ATC code 6092:Phenols 6047:Others: 5975:RB-3007 5927:BL-2401 5896:UFP-101 5861:NalBzOH 5856:JTC-801 5797:SR-8993 5734:MT-7716 5684:BU08070 5537:MR-2266 5517:MeJDTic 5447:CVL-354 5417:BU09059 5407:AZ-MTAB 5387:Arodyne 5347:6'-GNTI 5342:5'-GNTI 5301:U-50488 5281:(e.g., 5129:NalBzOH 5114:MR-2034 5079:Menthol 5069:Matrine 4804:BAM-22P 4799:BAM-18P 4794:BAM-12P 4734:6'-GNTI 4503:5'-NTII 4437:SNC-162 4377:NalBzOH 4297:KNT-127 4227:DPI-221 4162:Codeine 4122:BAM-18P 4112:AZD2327 4077:6'-GNTI 3971:Naloxol 3697:Viminol 3687:U-47700 3672:TRIMU 5 3577:Prodine 3520:OxyPNPH 3435:Neopine 3420:NalBzOH 3390:Metopon 3365:Matrine 3115:Codeine 3065:BU08070 3040:BAM-22P 3035:BAM-18P 3030:BAM-12P 2995:AH-7921 2806:Menthol 2781:Camphor 2658:(e.g., 2651:Nefopam 2636:cocaine 2634:(e.g., 2383:Salicin 2120:Oxicams 1945:Bucetin 1917:Viminol 1655:Metopon 1500:Codeine 1488:Opiates 1479:Opioids 1424:at the 1230:3805500 1190:2840539 1155:6300816 1061:2014322 1021:PubChem 753:codeine 734:in the 728:tritium 713:Medical 584:287.359 549:Formula 422:4514282 402:DB01565 362:5359421 348:PubChem 278:: 267:: 94:scholar 5985:Selank 5970:RB-120 5965:RB-101 5909:Others 5836:AT-076 5729:MCOPPB 5392:AT-076 5238:salvia 5119:N-MPPP 5059:LPK-26 4683:SDM25N 4533:AT-076 4472:TRV250 4432:SNC-80 4302:Kratom 4082:7-SIOM 3798:AT-076 3788:AM-251 3677:TRV734 3572:PL-017 3310:Kratom 3295:IBNtxA 2845:WHO-EM 2759:Others 2471:Others 2457:  2406:  2232:  2186:  2076:  2063:  2055:  2022:NSAIDs 1903:  1683:  1622:  1594:  1566:  1392:  1272:  1237:  1227:  1188:  1153:  1126:  1103:  1068:  1058:  975:  932:Anvisa 864:Europe 856:, and 837:heroin 690:opioid 617:SMILES 473:ChEMBL 462:C11782 291: 255: 242: 96:  89:  82:  75:  67:  5990:Semax 5629:(NOP) 5607:UPHIT 5592:RB-64 5532:ML350 5527:ML190 5487:JDTic 5462:DIPPA 5229:RB-64 4984:HS665 4849:CR665 4744:18-MC 4739:8-CAC 4715:(KOR) 4237:DSLET 4222:DPDPE 4172:DADLE 4132:BU-48 4058:(DOR) 3896:JDTic 3758:18-MC 3587:PZM21 3531:opium 3440:NFEPP 3120:DADLE 2924:(MOR) 1933:-type 1820:NFEPP 1527:Opium 1492:opium 1314:(PDF) 1303:(PDF) 873:Japan 845:ACSCN 637:InChI 593:JSmol 101:JSTOR 87:books 5377:ANTI 4994:HZ-2 4548:BNTX 3831:CTOP 3827:CTAP 1470:N02B 1466:N02A 1390:ISBN 1270:PMID 1235:PMID 1186:PMID 1151:PMID 1124:OCLC 1101:PMID 1066:PMID 973:OCLC 708:Uses 453:KEGG 433:UNII 382:1616 215:none 190:High 178:High 73:news 5472:ECG 5467:EGC 4583:EGC 4578:ECG 4257:FIT 3861:EGC 3856:ECG 1262:doi 1225:PMC 1217:doi 1178:doi 1093:doi 1056:PMC 1048:doi 498:EPA 352:CID 56:by 6068:: 5938:D 5293:, 5289:, 5285:, 2858:: 2668:Na 2638:, 1909:, 1701:, 1697:, 1693:, 1689:, 1632:, 1628:, 1468:, 1305:. 1268:. 1258:76 1256:. 1233:. 1223:. 1213:14 1211:. 1207:. 1184:. 1174:43 1172:. 1147:34 1145:. 1099:. 1089:68 1087:. 1064:. 1054:. 1044:48 1042:. 1038:. 1019:. 1008:^ 998:. 985:^ 959:^ 852:, 775:, 755:. 738:. 684:, 563:21 557:17 287:US 275:DE 264:CA 251:BR 244:S8 238:AU 5919:: 5830:2 5756:2 5678:2 5670:2 5662:2 5658:2 5650:2 5297:) 5240:) 5236:( 3533:) 3529:( 2938:) 2902:e 2895:t 2888:v 2670:v 2662:) 2642:) 2463:) 2459:( 2412:) 2408:( 2319:) 2315:( 2238:) 2234:( 2192:) 2188:( 2082:) 2078:( 2069:) 2065:( 2061:) 2057:( 1913:) 1905:( 1796:) 1792:( 1705:) 1685:( 1636:) 1624:( 1600:) 1596:( 1572:) 1568:( 1523:) 1519:( 1490:/ 1472:) 1464:( 1454:e 1447:t 1440:v 1398:. 1276:. 1264:: 1241:. 1219:: 1192:. 1180:: 1157:. 1130:. 1107:. 1095:: 1072:. 1050:: 979:. 953:. 789:i 781:i 769:i 680:( 595:) 572:3 569:O 566:N 560:H 554:C 500:) 496:( 289:: 253:: 240:: 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 27:.

Index

dihydromorphinone
dehydromorphine

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Skeletal formula of dihydromorphine
Ball-and-stick model of the dihydromorphine molecule
Dependence
liability

Addiction
liability

Routes of
administration

ATC code
Legal status
S8
Class A1
Schedule I
Anlage II
Schedule I
IUPAC name
CAS Number
509-60-4
PubChem
5359421

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