58:
720:
697:
49:
1551:
9446:
1593:
taken with alcohol. As of March 2010, it is still available in the United
Kingdom under the brand name Palladone SR, Nepal under the brand name Opidol, and in most other European countries, In Canada, prescription continuous release hydromorphone is available as both brand name (Hydromorph Contin) and generic formulations (Apo-Hydromorphone CR).
1780:
Palladone, was available for a short time in the United States before being voluntarily withdrawn from the market after a July 2005 FDA advisory warned of a high overdose potential when taken with alcohol. As of March 2010, it is still available in Nepal under the brand name Opidol, in the United
Kingdom under the brand name Palladone SR, and in most other European countries.
1126:
Users of hydromorphone may experience painful symptoms if the drug is suspended. Some people cannot tolerate the symptoms, which results in continuous drug use. Symptoms of opioid withdrawal are not easy to decipher, as there are differences between drug-seeking behaviors and true withdrawal effects.
1055:
Massive overdoses are rarely observed in opioid-tolerant individuals, but when they occur, they may lead to circulatory system collapse. Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression, drowsiness leading to coma and sometimes to death, drooping of skeletal muscles, low heart rate, and decreasing
1696:
Changing morphine into hydromorphone increases its activity and, therefore, makes hydromorphone approximately eight times stronger than morphine on a weight basis, all other things being equal. Changed also is lipid solubility, contributing to hydromorphone's having a more rapid onset of action and
1791:
In the United States, the main drug control agency, the Drug
Enforcement Administration, reports an increase in annual aggregate production quotas of hydromorphone from 766 kilograms (1,689 pounds) in 1998 to 3,300 kilograms (7,300 lb) in 2006, and an increase in prescriptions in this time of
1609:
Patients with renal abnormalities must exercise caution when dosing hydromorphone. In those with renal impairment, the half-life of hydromorphone may increase to as much as 40 hours. The typical half-life of intravenous hydromorphone is 2.3 hours. Peak plasma levels usually occur between 30 and 60
1605:
to produce more rapid and complete central nervous system penetration. On a per milligram basis, hydromorphone is considered to be five times as potent as morphine; although the conversion ratio may vary from 4–8 times, five times is in typical clinical usage. The development of tolerance also may
1592:
An extended-release (once-daily) version of hydromorphone is available in the United States. Previously, an extended-release version of hydromorphone, Palladone, was available before being voluntarily withdrawn from the market after a July 2005 FDA advisory warned of a high overdose potential when
1580:
of hydromorphone hydrochloride have a visibly different refractive index from pure water, isotonic 9‰ (0·9 per cent) saline and the like, especially when stored in clear ampoules and phials may acquire a slight clear amber discolouration upon exposure to light; this reportedly has no effect on the
1170:
is an opioid commonly used for this kind of therapy. However, the selection of therapy should be tailored to each specific person. Methadone also is used for detoxification in people who have opiate addiction, such as heroin or drugs similar to morphine. It may be given orally or intramuscularly.
1060:
through a nasogastric tube. Opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, also may be administered concurrently with oxygen supplementation. Naloxone works by reversing the effects of hydromorphone, and only is administered in the presence of significant respiratory depression and circulatory depression.
1814:
as a Betäubungsmittel in the most restricted schedule for medicinal drugs; it is controlled similarly in
Austria (Suchtgift) under the SMG and the Swiss BetmG. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (United Kingdom) and comparable French, Canadian, Australian, Italian, Czech, Croatian, Slovenian, Swedish,
1717:
Hydromorphone is made from morphine via catalytic hydrogenation and also is produced in trace amounts by human and other mammalian metabolisms of morphine. It occasionally appears in assays of opium latex in very small quantities, apparently forming in the plant in an unknown percentage of cases
1704:
Hydromorphone is more soluble in water than morphine; therefore, hydromorphone solutions may be produced to deliver the drug in a smaller volume of water. The hydrochloride salt is soluble in three parts of water, whereas a gram of morphine hydrochloride dissolves in 16 ml of water; for all
1165:
In the clinical setting, excessive secretion of tears, yawning, and dilation of pupils are helpful presentations in diagnosing opioid withdrawal. Hydromorphone is a rapid acting pain killer; however, some formulations may last up to several hours. Patients who stop taking this drug abruptly may
1779:
Hydromorphone is known in various countries around the world by the brand names Hydal, Dimorphone, Exalgo, Sophidone LP, Dilaudid, Hydrostat, Hydromorfan, Hydromorphan, Hymorphan, Laudicon, Opidol, Palladone, Hydromorph Contin, and others. An extended-release version of hydromorphone, called
1588:
Battery-powered intrathecal drug delivery systems are implanted for chronic pain when other options are ruled out, such as surgery and traditional pharmacotherapy, provided that the patient is considered a suitable fit in terms of any contraindications, both physiological and psychological.
1051:
A particular problem that may occur with hydromorphone is accidental administration in place of morphine due to a mix-up between the similar names, either at the time the prescription is written or when the drug is dispensed. This has led to several deaths and calls for hydromorphone to be
1734:
that can work on unsaturated 7,8 bonds, with result that, when these bacteria are living in an aqueous solution containing morphine, significant amounts of hydromorphone form, as it is an intermediary metabolite in this process; the same goes for codeine being turned into hydrocodone.
1625:
or oxycodone, are metabolized via CYP450 enzymes, hydromorphone is not. Hydromorphone is extensively metabolized in the liver to hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, which has no analgesic effects. As similarly seen with the morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, a build-up in levels of
1705:
common purposes, the pure powder for hospital use can be used to produce solutions of virtually arbitrary concentration. When the powder appeared on the street, this very small volume of powder needed for a dose means that overdoses are likely for those who mistake it for
1697:
alterations to the overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination profile as well as the side effect profile (in general, less nausea and itching) versus that of morphine. The semi-synthetic opiates, of which hydromorphone and its codeine analogue
1166:
experience withdrawal symptoms, which may start within hours of taking the last dose of hydromorphone, and last up to several weeks. Withdrawal symptoms in people who stopped taking the opioid may be managed by using opioids or non-opioid adjuncts.
2849:
1039:
Simultaneous use of hydromorphone with other opioids, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, sedatives, and general anesthetics may cause a significant increase in respiratory depression, progressing to coma or death. Taking
3721:"Proposed Adjustments to the Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2013"
1171:
There is controversy regarding whether any opioid (such as methadone) should be included in the treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms, since these agents also may cause relapse when therapy is suspended.
2860:
1701:
are among the best-known and oldest, include a huge number of drugs of varying strengths and with differences among themselves both subtle and stark, allowing for many different options for treatment.
9028:
1653:
Hydromorphone is made from morphine either by direct re-arrangement (made by reflux heating of alcoholic or acidic aqueous solution of morphine in the presence of platinum or palladium catalyst) or
2122:
Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL (April 1981). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects".
8176:
8171:
8166:
7494:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6892:
1048:) in conjunction with hydromorphone may increase side effects such as dizziness and difficulty concentrating. If simultaneous use of these drugs is required, dose adjustment may be made.
8749:
3483:
7875:
283:
7609:
1056:
blood pressure. At the hospital, individuals with hydromorphone overdose are provided supportive care, such as assisted ventilation to provide oxygen and gut decontamination using
9020:
6887:
9200:
7303:
2024:
Coda BA, Rudy AC, Archer SM, Wermeling DP (July 2003). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of single-dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers".
786:
9233:
8501:
7749:
6792:
5834:
9015:
7920:
7629:
1973:
1650:
and a molecular weight of 285.343, both identical to morphine, hydromorphone can be considered a structural isomer of morphine and is a hydrogenated ketone thereof.
1968:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
1746:
during the experiments. Three paths were found: from morphine to hydromorphone with dihydromorphine as the penultimate step, from morphine to hydromorphone with
319:
9501:
9126:
8914:
6322:
4104:
1726:
Some bacteria have been shown to be able to turn morphine into closely related drugs, including hydromorphone and dihydromorphine among others. The bacterium
8000:
5688:
343:
238:
2894:. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Vol. 40. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). 1 January 2004.
6273:
3694:
3542:
368:
1803:
as well as in similar levels under the drugs laws of practically all other countries and it is listed in the Single
Convention On Narcotic Drugs. The DEA
1613:
The onset of action for hydromorphone administered intravenously is less than 5 minutes and within 30 minutes of oral administration (immediate release).
9121:
7995:
9238:
3323:
6332:
1538:, respiratory depression, cough suppression, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased
296:
6877:
6342:
1068:
following injection, or a less profound lowering of blood sugar over a period of hours, in common with morphine, heroin, codeine, and other opioids.
7890:
7363:
3750:
2624:
Gagnon DJ, Jwo K (2013). "Tremors and agitation following low-dose intravenous hydromorphone administration in a patient with kidney dysfunction".
9407:
9048:
9040:
8101:
7559:
7444:
7253:
7100:
1783:
There has also been a once-daily prolonged release version of hydromorphone available in
Australia under the brand name Jurnista as of May 2009.
1098:
In the setting of prolonged use, high dosage, and/or kidney dysfunction, hydromorphone has been associated with neuroexcitatory symptoms such as
3720:
9317:
9081:
7358:
5302:
4403:
3815:
2946:
Filizola M, Villar HO, Loew GH (January 2001). "Molecular determinants of non-specific recognition of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors".
9096:
8421:
8306:
7699:
7054:
6717:
6377:
3490:
2328:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
841:
InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1
88:
3672:
9243:
9213:
9164:
8884:
8874:
7975:
7970:
7479:
1585:, and relatives come with instructions to protect from light. Ampoules of solution which have developed a precipitate should be discarded.
813:
9352:
8824:
8678:
8341:
8156:
7799:
7208:
4351:
1939:
1601:
The chemical modification of the morphine molecule to hydromorphone results in higher lipid solubility and greater ability to cross the
9263:
9253:
8446:
7459:
1175:
is a non-opioid adjunct which may be used in situations where opioid use is not desired, such as in patients with high blood pressure.
9299:
9268:
9169:
9056:
8909:
8889:
8779:
8759:
8486:
7809:
6807:
6437:
5681:
2451:
3417:
2409:
308:
8491:
8055:
7844:
6944:
6266:
3387:
8979:
8904:
8899:
8834:
7203:
3746:
6217:
5246:
3046:
3019:
2992:
2359:
2008:
961:
9486:
5674:
5389:
3854:
1852:) within four minutes from start, but took almost two hours to transition to stage 4 (cessation of respiration) and death.
3526:
1965:
1815:
Polish, Spanish, Greek, Russian, and other laws similarly control it, as do regulations in virtually all other countries.
6857:
6259:
4862:
4423:
4391:
3673:"Information for Healthcare Professionals: Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules (marketed as Palladone)"
913:
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, and constipation. Serious side effects may include
858:
139:
3106:
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA (March 2001). "Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients".
1557:
Hydromorphone is available in parenteral, rectal, subcutaneous, and oral formulations, and also can be administered via
5295:
3359:
3297:
1961:
356:
2745:
2427:
2307:
2280:
2176:
1933:
1906:
1800:
910:
review (updated in 2021) found little difference in benefit between hydromorphone and other opioids for cancer pain.
833:
8621:
6234:
5263:
1796:
1690:
3298:"Summary Safety Review - HYDROmorph Contin and generic hydromorphone controlled release capsules. - Health Canada"
8616:
3447:
Gregory TB (December 2013). "Hydromorphone: evolving to meet the challenges of today's health care environment".
474:
268:
120:
3549:
9496:
8541:
1630:. Patients with compromised kidney function and older patients are at higher risk for metabolite accumulation.
3816:
United States DEA's perspective, including statistics on manufacture and prescription levels from 1998 to 2006
1848:
545:
6033:
5288:
2820:
1966:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
3334:
9466:
7739:
4718:
4361:
1969:
715:
596:
331:
3810:
3064:"Current approach to cancer pain management: Availability and implications of different treatment options"
1626:
hydromorphone-3-glucuronide may produce excitatory neurotoxic effects such as restlessness, myoclonus and
9309:
3243:
2516:
Tuohy N, Paparella S (December 2005). "Look-alike and sound-alike drugs: errors just waiting to happen".
1220:
676:
665:
9476:
9436:
8719:
8714:
8106:
7449:
6537:
5427:
4381:
2746:"Dilaudid Abuse & Addiction Withdrawals, Signs, Symptoms & Effects – Acadiana Addiction Center"
1824:
1792:
289%, from about 470,000 to 1,830,000. The 2013 production quota was 5,968 kilograms (13,157 lb).
1562:
1508:
1758:
Hydromorphone was patented in 1923. It was introduced to the mass market in 1926 under the brand name
968:. In 2021, it was the 261st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1
444:
8739:
7729:
7454:
6772:
5596:
3724:
2323:
17:
2038:
1811:
1082:
As with other opioids, hydromorphone (particularly during heavy chronic use) often causes temporary
8709:
8651:
8111:
7870:
7115:
5096:
5057:
3847:
2096:
1843:
1064:
Sugar cravings associated with hydromorphone use are the result of a glucose crash after transient
692:
98:
2907:"Simultaneous treatment of hypertension and opiate withdrawal using an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist"
2717:
2452:"Dilaudid (hydromorphone hydrochloride) Oral LiquidDilaudid (hydromorphone hydrochloride) Tablets"
9289:
8704:
7328:
7110:
6222:
5977:
5973:
5760:
5756:
5251:
4967:
4371:
4027:
1795:
Like all opioids used for analgesia, hydromorphone is potentially habit-forming and is listed in
1602:
1558:
1348:
980:
Adverse effects of hydromorphone are similar to those of other potent opioid analgesics, such as
907:
200:
70:
8116:
7130:
7105:
7004:
5771:
5536:
5015:
3971:
2033:
1996:
1523:
1519:
989:
926:
903:
399:
219:
3036:
3009:
2982:
2773:
2270:
1923:
1896:
1036:. These symptoms are common in ambulatory patients and in those not experiencing severe pain.
8271:
6567:
5728:
4774:
4468:
4386:
4376:
4088:
4031:
2297:
1111:
1107:
645:
585:
536:
3820:
3723:. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Department of Justice. 20 June 2014. Archived from
1828:
1573:. Transdermal delivery systems are also under consideration to induce local skin analgesia.
1183:
CNS depressants may enhance the depressant effects of hydromorphone, such as other opioids,
9471:
6347:
6327:
5919:
5312:
4985:
4946:
4779:
4769:
4764:
4591:
4396:
4312:
3954:
3631:
Felden L, Walter C, Harder S, Treede RD, Kayser H, Drover D, et al. (September 2011).
3587:
1731:
1709:
or other powdered narcotics, especially those that have been diluted prior to consumption.
1251:. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.
605:
431:
176:
8084:
7427:
6293:
2669:"A multidimensional comparison of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia"
2459:
1514:. As a hydrogenated ketone of morphine, it shares the pharmacologic properties typical of
1308:
1298:
1288:
8:
9412:
8998:
8844:
8804:
8131:
7950:
7930:
7228:
7190:
7145:
6064:
5938:
5752:
5325:
4734:
4366:
4195:
4096:
4035:
3922:
3911:
3840:
3425:
3149:
Smith A, Gomez-Panzani E, Mills S, Rainey G, Tolia G, Tagliaferri F, et al. (2006).
2413:
1678:
1566:
1353:
500:
491:
3591:
2799:
719:
696:
8944:
8251:
7940:
7674:
7564:
7218:
6898:
6682:
6522:
6482:
6285:
5605:
5499:
5459:
5421:
5413:
5380:
5359:
5172:
4739:
4637:
4308:
4166:
4100:
3825:
3395:
3220:
3203:
3131:
3080:
3063:
2923:
2906:
2649:
2218:
2193:
2147:
2135:
2059:
2047:
1531:
1269:
1114:. This toxicity is less than that associated with other classes of opioids such as the
965:
930:
918:
150:
8729:
7885:
7125:
5280:
3776:
3695:"Hydromorphone prolonged-release tablets (Jurnista) for chronic severe disabling pain"
3608:
3575:
2959:
992:, urinary retention, bronchospasm, and sometimes, circulatory depression. More common
960:
Hydromorphone was patented in 1923. Hydromorphone is made from morphine. It is on the
8734:
8126:
8121:
7895:
7140:
6702:
6337:
5894:
5743:
5723:
5575:
5542:
5490:
5435:
5408:
4956:
4811:
4799:
4686:
4092:
3654:
3613:
3599:
3464:
3272:
3225:
3172:
3123:
3085:
3042:
3015:
2988:
2963:
2928:
2891:
Clinical
Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction
2690:
2685:
2668:
2641:
2606:
2568:
2533:
2498:
2494:
2381:
2303:
2276:
2241:
2223:
2172:
2139:
2051:
2004:
1929:
1902:
1869:
1087:
934:
112:
5666:
3806:
Article discussing withdrawal of extended-release hydromorphone from the U.S. market
3754:
3460:
3135:
2653:
2151:
2063:
906:. Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to five hours. A 2016
525:
9491:
9481:
9134:
9071:
8894:
8610:
8536:
8261:
7990:
7744:
7584:
7298:
6557:
6139:
5998:
5944:
5786:
5637:
5557:
5033:
4507:
3644:
3603:
3595:
3456:
3215:
3162:
3115:
3075:
2955:
2918:
2680:
2633:
2598:
2560:
2525:
2490:
2331:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2131:
2043:
1836:
1738:
The process gave rise to various concentrations of hydromorphone, dihydromorphine,
1577:
1515:
1265:
1057:
797:
732:
381:
251:
57:
3805:
3548:. Stamford, CT: Purdue Pharma L.P. 13 October 2009. MSDS No. 71681. Archived from
2589:
Thwaites D, McCann S, Broderick P (August 2004). "Hydromorphone neuroexcitation".
2351:
9450:
8784:
8311:
8266:
7614:
7589:
6632:
6562:
6417:
6308:
6282:
6099:
5806:
5791:
5775:
5718:
5710:
5217:
5136:
5118:
4931:
4696:
4681:
4622:
4005:
3906:
3530:
2564:
1686:
1682:
1658:
1570:
1236:
1228:
1208:
1077:
997:
946:
914:
421:
409:
389:
31:
8724:
7880:
7120:
5316:
3871:
3867:
3167:
3150:
1052:
distributed in distinctly different packaging from morphine to avoid confusion.
9086:
8411:
7709:
7689:
7684:
7489:
6747:
6707:
6697:
6657:
6552:
6517:
6422:
6397:
6352:
6228:
5949:
5924:
5814:
5697:
5622:
5552:
5257:
5212:
4975:
4855:
4830:
4706:
4691:
4161:
4041:
3992:
3959:
3523:
2889:
2551:
Brennan MJ (March 2013). "The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function".
1750:
as the penultimate step, and from morphine to hydromorphinol to hydromorphone.
1739:
1674:
1248:
1240:
1212:
1200:
1041:
993:
3244:"EXALGO (hydromorphone hydrochloride) extended release tablets Package Insert"
2798:
McKeown NJ, West PL (13 July 2022). VanDeVoort JT, Burns MJ, Gaeta TJ (eds.).
2529:
1565:
injection. Hydromorphone also has been administered via nebulization to treat
40:
9460:
9402:
9061:
8839:
8794:
8744:
8667:
8655:
8276:
8256:
8241:
8236:
8181:
7955:
7945:
7569:
7293:
7233:
7223:
7160:
7135:
6929:
6872:
6607:
6597:
6592:
6572:
6507:
6457:
6442:
6357:
6251:
6189:
6174:
6094:
6013:
5993:
5959:
5829:
5781:
5654:
5532:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5061:
5023:
4481:
4256:
4186:
4015:
3964:
3633:"Comparative clinical effects of hydromorphone and morphine: a meta-analysis"
3176:
3008:
Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, Kee WD, Beilin Y, Mhyre J (28 February 2014).
2602:
1662:
1539:
1224:
1204:
1065:
1033:
950:
942:
899:
802:
708:
211:
1762:, indicating its derivation and degree of similarity to morphine (by way of
9397:
9332:
9258:
9066:
8641:
8606:
8406:
8211:
8070:
7664:
7659:
7554:
7529:
7524:
7348:
7273:
7019:
6974:
6827:
6822:
6777:
6677:
6512:
6477:
6472:
6109:
6104:
6084:
6054:
6018:
5844:
5766:
5701:
5348:
5151:
5126:
4884:
4789:
4673:
4460:
4448:
4438:
4413:
4281:
4271:
4201:
4076:
4071:
3982:
3658:
3468:
3229:
3127:
3089:
2967:
2645:
2610:
2572:
2537:
2227:
2055:
1670:
1627:
1244:
1232:
1216:
1083:
1029:
1013:
246:
3832:
3617:
3119:
2932:
2694:
2502:
2143:
1581:
potency of the solution, but 14-dihydromorphinones such as hydromorphone,
9327:
9304:
9218:
9144:
9111:
9091:
8969:
8954:
8949:
8939:
8929:
8849:
8819:
8814:
8659:
8631:
8626:
8596:
8581:
8571:
8551:
8546:
8506:
8471:
8461:
8416:
8396:
8381:
8376:
8346:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8226:
8201:
8186:
8161:
8151:
8141:
8136:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8025:
7965:
7960:
7935:
7794:
7784:
7764:
7724:
7719:
7694:
7679:
7644:
7639:
7539:
7514:
7408:
7403:
7393:
7383:
7373:
7308:
7238:
7195:
7039:
6969:
6939:
6924:
6909:
6882:
6847:
6832:
6817:
6802:
6767:
6757:
6727:
6712:
6687:
6652:
6647:
6637:
6627:
6587:
6582:
6542:
6532:
6467:
6452:
6427:
6387:
6372:
6362:
6184:
6149:
6059:
6049:
6008:
5969:
5929:
5874:
5748:
5649:
5403:
5353:
5197:
5177:
5086:
4995:
4926:
4918:
4879:
4804:
4754:
4749:
4648:
4584:
4512:
4356:
4341:
4332:
4266:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4176:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4115:
4110:
4066:
4051:
4020:
3999:
3977:
3649:
3632:
1743:
1698:
1582:
1491:
1476:
1375:
1196:
895:
215:
106:
48:
3204:"Implantable intrathecal pumps for chronic pain: highlights and updates"
2800:"Withdrawal Syndromes: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"
2336:
565:
9422:
9392:
9367:
9248:
9159:
9139:
9116:
8959:
8934:
8924:
8879:
8869:
8854:
8769:
8663:
8591:
8586:
8561:
8531:
8521:
8496:
8481:
8456:
8426:
8401:
8391:
8351:
8331:
8321:
8301:
8231:
8216:
8035:
8015:
8010:
7985:
7915:
7854:
7834:
7789:
7779:
7774:
7714:
7704:
7634:
7549:
7398:
7388:
7378:
7368:
7333:
7323:
7288:
7258:
7248:
7243:
7180:
7024:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6979:
6964:
6934:
6852:
6842:
6837:
6787:
6742:
6722:
6692:
6642:
6622:
6577:
6502:
6392:
6382:
6194:
6179:
6159:
6154:
6144:
6134:
6124:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6028:
5954:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5824:
5580:
5514:
5453:
5441:
5398:
5227:
5222:
5167:
5104:
5047:
5028:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4980:
4941:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4845:
4840:
4822:
4759:
4744:
4729:
4663:
4643:
4574:
4564:
4533:
4487:
4474:
4443:
4408:
4291:
4286:
4261:
4211:
4206:
4181:
4136:
4061:
1747:
1518:. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the
1184:
762:
576:
226:
2637:
9377:
9372:
9322:
9294:
9223:
9184:
9179:
9154:
9149:
9076:
8984:
8974:
8864:
8774:
8688:
8646:
8636:
8576:
8566:
8556:
8526:
8516:
8511:
8466:
8436:
8316:
8296:
8196:
8191:
8146:
8065:
8060:
8020:
8005:
7980:
7910:
7849:
7819:
7769:
7759:
7754:
7619:
7509:
7474:
7469:
7413:
7338:
7318:
7313:
7283:
7213:
7175:
7155:
7150:
7090:
7074:
7064:
7009:
6919:
6867:
6862:
6797:
6752:
6732:
6612:
6602:
6447:
6169:
6119:
6114:
6023:
6003:
5884:
5796:
5632:
5615:
5585:
5547:
5509:
5469:
5446:
5369:
5333:
5232:
5192:
5187:
5041:
4889:
4850:
4794:
4724:
4658:
4653:
4630:
4612:
4597:
4569:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4497:
4453:
4241:
4216:
4081:
4010:
3938:
3863:
3747:"Ohio Prisons Director Announces Changes to Ohio's Execution Process"
2192:
Li Y, Ma J, Lu G, Dou Z, Knaggs R, Xia J, et al. (August 2021).
1999:. In Firestein GS, Budd R, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR (eds.).
1832:
1666:
1535:
1527:
1461:
1446:
1172:
1167:
1115:
1103:
1001:
949:, mainly in the brain and spinal cord. Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is
938:
880:
511:
454:
188:
92:
2667:
Rapp SE, Egan KJ, Ross BK, Wild LM, Terman GW, Ching JM (May 1996).
1827:
of an intramuscular injection of 500 mg of hydromorphone and a
945:
is not recommended. Hydromorphone is believed to work by activating
9382:
9174:
8919:
8829:
8809:
8799:
8754:
8683:
8476:
8386:
8371:
8336:
8326:
8206:
8030:
7925:
7900:
7839:
7824:
7734:
7654:
7624:
7604:
7574:
7519:
7499:
7464:
7353:
7278:
7263:
7185:
7165:
7034:
7029:
7014:
6984:
6954:
6914:
6782:
6672:
6617:
6527:
6462:
6432:
6317:
6199:
6164:
6129:
6089:
5988:
5879:
5864:
5839:
5819:
5738:
5642:
5627:
5567:
5520:
5480:
5475:
5343:
5338:
5202:
5081:
5076:
4936:
4835:
4607:
4602:
4579:
4528:
4502:
4492:
4301:
4296:
4276:
4191:
4171:
4120:
3933:
3918:
3151:"(807) 24-hour transdermal delivery of hydromorphone hydrochloride"
1763:
1431:
1416:
1192:
1188:
1045:
1025:
1021:
1005:
981:
954:
922:
625:
556:
207:
134:
785:
9347:
9228:
9106:
8789:
8673:
8451:
8441:
7669:
7599:
7534:
7484:
7343:
7095:
7069:
7059:
7044:
6949:
6762:
6737:
6487:
6367:
5934:
5733:
5207:
5182:
5052:
5037:
4784:
4714:
4346:
4318:
4141:
4056:
3901:
3576:"Transformations of morphine alkaloids by Pseudomonas putida M10"
1925:
Today's
Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures
1898:
Today's
Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures
1622:
1511:
1360:
1219:. The depressant effect of hydromorphone also may be enhanced by
3202:
Knight KH, Brand FM, Mchaourab AS, Veneziano G (February 2007).
2410:"Hydromorphone Monograph (Side Effects & Drug Interactions)"
1839:
when a suitable vein cannot be found for intravenous injection.
1550:
9357:
9342:
9337:
9208:
9101:
8764:
8431:
8246:
7905:
7829:
7814:
7804:
7579:
7170:
7049:
6667:
6547:
5964:
5908:
5526:
3987:
3889:
3880:
3011:
Chestnut's Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice E-Book
2481:
Cohen MR (June 1992). "Doctor was thinking of the wrong drug".
1706:
1099:
1017:
985:
891:
890:. Typically, long-term use is only recommended for pain due to
883:
656:
459:
231:
9362:
8964:
8859:
8601:
8356:
8221:
7594:
7544:
7504:
7268:
6959:
6903:
6812:
6497:
6492:
5903:
5869:
4221:
3928:
3893:
3201:
3148:
2171:(76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 24, 456.
1804:
1654:
776:
636:
414:
6303:
3489:. University of Virginia Children's Hospital. Archived from
2821:"DILAUDID® ORAL LIQUID and DILAUDID® TABLETS Package Insert"
1569:, but it is not used as a route for pain control due to low
681:
30:"Dihydromorphinone" redirects here. Not to be confused with
8366:
3302:
Government of Canada: Drugs, health & consumer products
2121:
1730:
serotype M10 produces a naturally-occurring NADH-dependent
1127:
Symptoms associated with hydromorphone withdrawal include:
1009:
887:
616:
1842:
Hydromorphone and midazolam was injected intravenously to
988:. The major hazards of hydromorphone include dose-related
2322:
2097:"Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals"
1921:
1894:
3630:
5310:
3675:. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 15 July 2005
3574:
Long MT, Hailes AM, Kirby GW, Bruce NC (October 1995).
2588:
2446:
2444:
2023:
962:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
3142:
1846:
in Arizona on 24 July 2014. Wood was heavily sedated (
9434:
5696:
1542:, and increased pinpoint constriction of the pupils.
1146:
Inability to sleep due to extreme physical discomfort
3573:
2441:
3007:
544:
5390:
3484:"Use of Hydromorphone in Children and Adolescents"
3105:
2987:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 332–.
2945:
2584:
2582:
1862:
1675:potassium tert butoxide or aluminium tert butoxide
1496:
1466:
1436:
1406:
9458:
9425:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
3811:Dihydromorphinones from morphine & analogues
3751:Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
3514:Merck Index 2003, "Morphine" and "Hydromorphone"
3188:
3186:
3001:
2666:
1988:
1835:as a backup means of carrying out executions by
1530:, drowsiness, mental clouding, changes in mood,
524:
394:By mouth: 25-50, Intranasal: 52–58%, IV/IM: 100%
3061:
2579:
2428:"Drug interactions between Dilaudid and Valium"
2268:
2103:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
2001:Kelley and Firestein's Textbook of Rheumatology
499:
482:4,5-α-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one
6281:
2515:
2295:
1994:
9502:World Health Organization essential medicines
6267:
5682:
5296:
3848:
3183:
2404:
2402:
1922:Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E (2012).
1895:Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E (2012).
1681:). The 6 ketone group may be replaced with a
2939:
2617:
2544:
2509:
2003:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1081–.
933:. Rapidly decreasing the dose may result in
138:
3862:
3567:
3265:
3041:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 933–.
3028:
3014:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 611–.
2980:
2911:Journal of the National Medical Association
2797:
2474:
2198:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2017:
1481:
1451:
1421:
1393:
1380:
1365:
1155:Runny nose and excessive secretion of tears
6274:
6260:
5689:
5675:
5606:
5500:
5460:
5360:
5303:
5289:
3855:
3841:
3687:
2399:
2264:
2262:
2115:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1621:While other opioids in its class, such as
1270:
718:
695:
584:
3648:
3607:
3524:PHA 4220 – Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics
3219:
3166:
3079:
3068:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
2922:
2684:
2623:
2335:
2217:
2191:
2037:
1928:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571.
1901:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571.
1810:Hydromorphone is listed under the German
1309:
1299:
1289:
604:
2974:
2234:
1712:
1549:
3446:
3034:
2981:King TL, Brucker MC (25 October 2010).
2550:
2382:"Hydromorphone - Drug Usage Statistics"
2316:
2259:
2163:
2161:
2070:
1997:"Analgesic Agents in Rheumatic Disease"
1995:Polsten GR, Wallace MS (21 June 2016).
1693:, which is 80× stronger than morphine.
691:
564:
111:
34:(Paramorfan, etc.), a different opioid.
14:
9459:
3821:"When is a pain doctor a drug pusher?"
3580:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2275:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 526.
1960:
1769:
709:
362:
337:
27:Opioid medication used for pain relief
6255:
5670:
5284:
3836:
3101:
3099:
2883:
2881:
2815:
2813:
2768:
2766:
2740:
2738:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2480:
2330:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
664:
644:
350:
129:
97:
3481:
3062:Nersesyan H, Slavin KV (June 2007).
2948:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
2904:
2362:from the original on 15 January 2024
2242:"Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy"
2158:
1942:from the original on 10 January 2023
1870:"Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy"
1818:
1718:under poorly understood conditions.
1071:
322:(Special prescription form required)
250:
3777:"Arizona execution takes two hours"
3624:
3192:Dilaudid HP package insert Nov 2004
1844:execute double-murderer Joseph Wood
1596:
1223:(MAO inhibitors), first-generation
1143:Inability to enjoy daily activities
1118:class of synthetics in particular.
624:
515:
326:
24:
3753:. 13 November 2009. Archived from
3394:. 19 February 2009. Archived from
3236:
3096:
2878:
2810:
2763:
2735:
2701:
2412:. RxList Inc. 2008. Archived from
2169:British national formulary: BNF 76
2136:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x
2048:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066311.40978.4F
1976:from the original on 3 August 2023
1507:Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic
1260:Hydromorphone at opioid receptors
346: Controlled Drug: Schedule II
25:
9513:
8242:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
7570:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
6523:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
6508:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
4947:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)
3799:
1801:Controlled Substances Act of 1970
886:used to treat moderate to severe
277:
161:
9444:
8622:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
5563:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
3600:10.1128/AEM.61.10.3645-3649.1995
3418:"Dilaudid Clinical Pharmacology"
2774:"Hydromorphone Drug Information"
2718:"Hydromorphone / Dilaudid Detox"
2686:10.1213/00000539-199605000-00029
2553:The American Journal of Medicine
2495:10.1097/00152193-199206000-00009
2124:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2032:(1): 117–23, table of contents.
1691:6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine
1093:
894:. It may be used by mouth or by
875:, and sold under the brand name
821:O=C45Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C3N(CC253CC4)C
749:
743:
56:
47:
8617:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
3769:
3739:
3713:
3665:
3535:
3517:
3508:
3475:
3461:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.09.027
3440:
3410:
3380:
3352:
3316:
3290:
3195:
3055:
3038:Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs
2984:Pharmacology for Women's Health
2898:
2842:
2791:
2660:
2420:
2374:
2344:
2289:
2269:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
2194:"Hydromorphone for cancer pain"
2185:
1786:
1545:
1254:
1178:
1078:Opioid § Hormone imbalance
975:
846:Key:WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N
314:
8542:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
4715:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
3637:British Journal of Anaesthesia
3324:"Opioid Conversion Guidelines"
2591:Journal of Palliative Medicine
2210:10.1002/14651858.CD011108.pub3
1954:
1915:
1888:
752:
737:
303:
290:
13:
1:
8517:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
7710:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
7319:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
6748:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
3543:"Hydromorphone Hydrochloride"
2960:10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00223-6
2626:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2296:Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2006).
2272:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1855:
1616:
1121:
7740:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
2857:www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca
2850:"Opioid withdrawal protocol"
2565:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.12.001
2518:Journal of Emergency Nursing
2299:Synthesis of Essential Drugs
1633:
1221:monoamine oxidase inhibitors
953:to approximately 10 mg
7:
9487:Mu-opioid receptor agonists
9393:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
9021:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
8402:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
6888:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
5698:Cough and cold preparations
5568:Morphine (extended-release)
4357:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3168:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.209
3157:(Clinical trial abstract).
1807:for hydromorphone is 9150.
1721:
1610:minutes after oral dosing.
10:
9518:
9413:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
9033:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
8137:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
7304:Methylsamidorphan chloride
6538:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
6363:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
5611:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5505:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5465:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5365:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3035:Tiziani AP (1 June 2013).
2340:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1972:(published 4 April 2023).
1753:
1278:Tooltip Inhibitor constant
1075:
727:Chemical and physical data
29:
9333:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
9281:
9193:
9008:
8997:
8740:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
8697:
8652:Tricyclic antidepressants
8094:
8083:
7863:
7730:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
7437:
7426:
7083:
6773:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
6292:
6212:
6042:
5902:
5893:
5805:
5709:
5597:Benzodiazepine dependence
5595:
5489:
5379:
5324:
5241:
5160:
5117:
5095:
5058:Tricyclic antidepressants
5014:
4966:
4955:
4917:
4872:
4821:
4705:
4672:
4621:
4557:
4521:
4431:
4422:
4331:
4129:
3947:
3888:
3879:
3108:Supportive Care in Cancer
2888:"4 Treatment Protocols".
2750:www.acadianaaddiction.com
2530:10.1016/j.jen.2005.07.012
2324:World Health Organization
1314:Tooltip κ-Opioid receptor
1304:Tooltip δ-Opioid receptor
1294:Tooltip μ-Opioid receptor
1264:
854:
829:
809:
796:
774:
761:
731:
726:
707:
675:
655:
635:
615:
595:
575:
555:
535:
510:
490:
470:
465:
453:
443:
430:
420:
408:
398:
388:
380:
267:
262:
237:
225:
199:
187:
175:
149:
119:
105:
87:
79:
69:
64:
55:
46:
9318:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
9290:Enkephalinase inhibitors
9219:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
9201:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
9117:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
5835:Dembrexine hydrochloride
4392:+propyphenazone/caffeine
3208:Croatian Medical Journal
2905:Bell CC (January 1983).
2673:Anesthesia and Analgesia
2603:10.1089/1096621041838362
2302:. Elsevier. p. 25.
2026:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1774:
1606:vary among individuals.
1134:Anxiety or panic attacks
937:. Generally, use during
369:Narcotic Schedule I
9016:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
8287:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
7329:Nalorphine dinicotinate
1970:Diário Oficial da União
1661:(usually via catalytic
972:million prescriptions.
964:. It is available as a
8632:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
8577:Pethidine (meperidine)
7770:Pethidine (meperidine)
7460:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
7106:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
7005:Tetrahydropapaveroline
6920:Pethidine (meperidine)
5767:Hederae helicis folium
4242:Pethidine (meperidine)
2778:Narconon International
2559:(3 Suppl 1): S12–S18.
1812:Betäubungsmittelgesetz
1554:
1524:gastrointestinal tract
1520:central nervous system
990:respiratory depression
927:respiratory depression
9497:Semisynthetic opioids
9323:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
8810:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
8710:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
8272:Dinalbuphine sebacate
8147:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
7871:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
7830:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
7470:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
7116:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
7096:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
6568:Dinalbuphine sebacate
5729:Antimony pentasulfide
4863:+paracetamol/caffeine
4841:Metamizole (dipyrone)
4775:Morpholine salicylate
4719:+paracetamol/caffeine
3449:Clinical Therapeutics
3120:10.1007/s005200000183
2352:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1825:Ohio approved the use
1799:of the United States
1713:Endogenous production
1553:
1149:Muscle and joint pain
1112:cognitive dysfunction
896:injection into a vein
9180:Sunobinop (S-117957)
8915:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
8247:Diamorphine (heroin)
7580:Diamorphine (heroin)
6548:Diamorphine (heroin)
6348:Acetyldihydrocodeine
6328:7-Hydroxymitragynine
6323:7-Acetoxymitragynine
5920:Acetyldihydrocodeine
4986:Gabapentin enacarbil
4780:Potassium salicylate
4770:Magnesium salicylate
4765:Imidazole salicylate
4592:Indometacin farnesil
3988:Diamorphine (heroin)
3955:Acetyldihydrocodeine
3529:16 July 2007 at the
3482:Buck M (July 2008).
2456:app.purduepharma.com
2416:on 13 February 2008.
1732:morphinone reductase
1340:Equianalgesic doses
9467:4,5-Epoxymorphinans
9383:Ubenimex (bestatin)
9127:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
8735:β-Chlornaltrexamine
8705:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
8127:β-Chlornaltrexamine
8001:N-Benzylnaltrindole
7896:β-Chlornaltrexamine
7815:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
7480:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
7141:β-Chlornaltrexamine
7111:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
6338:α-Chlornaltrexamine
6065:Bibenzonium bromide
5422:General anesthetics
5326:Nicotine dependence
4735:Carbasalate calcium
3592:1995ApEnM..61.3645L
3496:on 17 February 2014
3360:"Switching Opioids"
3331:alfredhealth.org.au
3304:. 10 September 2020
3155:The Journal of Pain
2866:on 25 November 2015
1849:surgical anesthesia
1770:Society and culture
1679:Oppenauer oxidation
1638:With a formula of C
1603:blood–brain barrier
1567:shortness of breath
1341:
1261:
879:among others, is a
798:Solubility in water
43:
8945:Norbinaltorphimine
8252:Diacetylnalorphine
7941:Diacetylnalorphine
7565:Desmethylclozapine
7219:Diacetylnalorphine
6899:Papaver somniferum
6483:Chloroxymorphamine
6239:Never to phase III
5895:Cough suppressants
5576:Opioid antagonists
5436:Opioid antagonists
5414:Hydrogen cyanamide
5381:Alcohol dependence
5268:Never to phase III
5173:Analgesic adjuvant
5074:1.7/1.8-selective:
4740:Choline salicylate
4167:Dextropropoxyphene
3826:The New York Times
3757:on 15 January 2013
3650:10.1093/bja/aer232
3555:on 17 January 2015
3398:on 14 October 2012
1876:. 19 November 2019
1728:Pseudomonas putida
1555:
1338:
1259:
1058:activated charcoal
966:generic medication
931:serotonin syndrome
919:low blood pressure
445:Duration of action
373:SE: Förteckning II
39:
9477:German inventions
9432:
9431:
9277:
9276:
9122:Nociceptin (1-11)
8993:
8992:
8122:14-Methoxymetopon
8079:
8078:
7996:Methylnaltrindole
7422:
7421:
7091:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
6703:Levacetylmethadol
6249:
6248:
6208:
6207:
5744:Guaiacolsulfonate
5724:Ammonium chloride
5664:
5663:
5543:Levacetylmethadol
5491:Opioid dependence
5409:Calcium carbimide
5278:
5277:
5113:
5112:
5097:Potassium openers
5034:Local anesthetics
4976:Alcohol (ethanol)
4913:
4912:
4812:methyl salicylate
4800:Sodium salicylate
4687:Meclofenamic acid
4362:+aspirin/caffeine
4327:
4326:
3586:(10): 3645–3649.
3455:(12): 2007–2027.
3392:That's Poppycock!
3048:978-0-7295-8162-2
3021:978-0-323-11374-8
2994:978-1-4496-1073-9
2638:10.1345/aph.1R784
2010:978-0-323-41494-4
1964:(31 March 2023).
1819:Use in executions
1578:aqueous solutions
1516:opioid analgesics
1505:
1504:
1336:
1335:
1088:hormone imbalance
1072:Hormone imbalance
935:opioid withdrawal
873:dihydromorphinone
866:
865:
787:Interactive image
677:CompTox Dashboard
366:
354:
341:
329:
317:
306:
294:
286:(Controlled drug)
281:
165:
132:
83:Dihydromorphinone
16:(Redirected from
9509:
9449:
9448:
9447:
9440:
9312:
9239:Nociceptin (1-7)
9135:Norbuprenorphine
9072:Dihydroetorphine
9006:
9005:
8895:Methylnaltrexone
8805:Catechin gallate
8537:Norbuprenorphine
8262:Dihydroetorphine
8132:β-Funaltrexamine
8092:
8091:
7991:Methylnaltrexone
7931:Catechin gallate
7745:Norbuprenorphine
7585:Dihydroetorphine
7435:
7434:
7299:Methylnaltrexone
7191:Catechin gallate
7146:β-Funaltrexamine
6558:Dihydroetorphine
6301:
6300:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6253:
6252:
6140:Levodropropizine
5999:Levopropoxyphene
5945:Dextromethorphan
5900:
5899:
5787:Potassium iodide
5691:
5684:
5677:
5668:
5667:
5638:Chlordiazepoxide
5612:
5608:
5558:Dihydroetorphine
5506:
5502:
5466:
5462:
5392:
5366:
5362:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5281:
4968:Calcium blockers
4964:
4963:
4860:
4809:
4635:
4623:COX-2 inhibitors
4589:
4508:Tiaprofenic acid
4479:
4466:
4458:
4429:
4428:
4306:
4086:
4025:
3997:
3969:
3886:
3885:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3699:NPS Medicinewise
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3533:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3424:. Archived from
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3333:. Archived from
3328:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2859:. Archived from
2854:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2722:Rapid Drug Detox
2714:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2679:(5): 1043–1048.
2664:
2658:
2657:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2458:. Archived from
2448:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2068:
2067:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1837:lethal injection
1829:supratherapeutic
1597:Pharmacokinetics
1540:biliary pressure
1526:. These include
1498:
1483:
1468:
1453:
1438:
1423:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1367:
1342:
1337:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1275:
1262:
1258:
971:
947:opioid receptors
871:, also known as
862:
861:
789:
769:
754:
751:
745:
739:
722:
711:
700:
699:
685:
683:
668:
648:
628:
608:
588:
568:
548:
528:
518:
517:
503:
435:
364:
361:
352:
349:
339:
336:
328:
325:
316:
313:
305:
302:
299:(Narcotic drugs)
292:
289:
279:
276:
254:
163:
160:
142:
131:
128:
115:
101:
75:Dilaudid, others
60:
51:
44:
42:
38:
21:
9517:
9516:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9506:
9457:
9456:
9455:
9445:
9443:
9435:
9433:
9428:
9310:
9273:
9204:
9189:
9130:
9052:
9044:
9036:
9032:
9024:
9001:
8989:
8785:Binaltorphimine
8730:6β-Naltrexol-d4
8693:
8312:Ethylketazocine
8267:Dihydromorphine
8087:
8075:
7886:6β-Naltrexol-d4
7859:
7615:Ethylketazocine
7590:Dihydromorphine
7430:
7418:
7126:6β-Naltrexol-d4
7079:
6878:Oxymorphonazine
6633:Furanylfentanyl
6563:Dihydromorphine
6418:Benzhydrocodone
6307:
6305:
6296:
6288:
6283:Opioid receptor
6280:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6229:Clinical trials
6204:
6100:Diphenhydramine
6038:
5913:and derivatives
5912:
5907:
5889:
5801:
5776:Syrup of ipecac
5705:
5695:
5665:
5660:
5623:Benzodiazepines
5610:
5591:
5504:
5485:
5464:
5375:
5364:
5320:
5313:drug dependence
5309:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5258:Clinical trials
5237:
5218:Phenazopyridine
5156:
5137:Cyclobenzaprine
5109:
5091:
5073:
5016:Sodium blockers
5010:
4958:
4951:
4909:
4868:
4858:
4817:
4807:
4701:
4697:Tolfenamic acid
4682:Flufenamic acid
4668:
4633:
4617:
4587:
4553:
4517:
4477:
4464:
4456:
4418:
4382:+metoclopramide
4323:
4304:
4125:
4084:
4023:
4006:Dihydromorphine
3995:
3967:
3943:
3875:
3861:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3629:
3625:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3531:Wayback Machine
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3476:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3428:on 12 June 2008
3416:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3388:"Hydromorphone"
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3340:on 4 March 2016
3337:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3277:www.zalicus.com
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3184:
3147:
3143:
3104:
3097:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2944:
2940:
2903:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2702:
2665:
2661:
2622:
2618:
2587:
2580:
2549:
2545:
2514:
2510:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2462:on 4 March 2016
2450:
2449:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2267:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2204:(8): CD011108.
2190:
2186:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2071:
2039:10.1.1.551.6509
2022:
2018:
2011:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1936:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1821:
1789:
1777:
1772:
1756:
1724:
1715:
1687:Wittig reaction
1683:methylene group
1673:in presence of
1665:), followed by
1659:dihydromorphine
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1619:
1599:
1571:bioavailability
1548:
1339:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1277:
1274:
1257:
1237:diphenhydramine
1229:brompheniramine
1209:chloral hydrate
1201:benzodiazepines
1181:
1140:Goose bump skin
1124:
1096:
1080:
1074:
1042:benzodiazepines
998:lightheadedness
978:
969:
857:
855:
850:
847:
842:
837:
836:
825:
822:
817:
816:
792:
767:
757:
748:
742:
703:
679:
671:
651:
631:
611:
591:
571:
551:
531:
514:
506:
486:
483:
478:
477:
433:
422:Onset of action
400:Protein binding
390:Bioavailability
382:Pharmacokinetic
376:
258:
202:
190:
178:
171:
152:
145:
35:
32:dihydromorphine
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9515:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9454:
9453:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9416:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9386:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9313:-Phenylalanine
9307:
9302:
9297:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9202:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9140:Racemethorphan
9137:
9132:
9128:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9087:Levomethorphan
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9012:
9010:
9003:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8592:Racemethorphan
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8412:Levomethorphan
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8098:
8096:
8089:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7780:Racemethorphan
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7690:Levomethorphan
7687:
7685:Leu-enkephalin
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7432:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7364:Naltrexonazine
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6965:Racemethorphan
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6708:Levomethorphan
6705:
6700:
6698:Leu-enkephalin
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6658:Hydromorphinol
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6553:Dihydrocodeine
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6518:Dextromoramide
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6423:Benzylmorphine
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6353:Acetylfentanyl
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6298:
6290:
6289:
6279:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6256:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6226:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5950:Dihydrocodeine
5947:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5925:Benzylmorphine
5922:
5916:
5914:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5815:Acetylcysteine
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5769:
5764:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5646:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5619:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5583:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5553:Dihydrocodeine
5550:
5545:
5540:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5495:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:Methoxyflurane
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4961:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4856:Propyphenazone
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4831:Aminophenazone
4827:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4692:Mefenamic acid
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4472:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4162:Dextromoramide
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Hydromorphinol
4039:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3993:Dihydrocodeine
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3962:
3960:Benzylmorphine
3957:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3898:
3896:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3829:, 17 June 2007
3818:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3800:External links
3798:
3795:
3794:
3783:. 24 July 2014
3768:
3738:
3727:on 14 May 2017
3712:
3686:
3664:
3643:(3): 319–328.
3623:
3566:
3534:
3516:
3507:
3474:
3439:
3409:
3379:
3351:
3315:
3289:
3264:
3235:
3194:
3182:
3141:
3095:
3074:(3): 381–400.
3054:
3047:
3027:
3020:
3000:
2993:
2973:
2938:
2897:
2877:
2841:
2809:
2790:
2762:
2734:
2700:
2659:
2616:
2597:(4): 545–550.
2578:
2543:
2524:(6): 569–571.
2508:
2473:
2440:
2419:
2398:
2373:
2343:
2315:
2308:
2288:
2281:
2258:
2233:
2184:
2177:
2157:
2130:(4): 152–156.
2114:
2069:
2016:
2009:
1987:
1953:
1934:
1914:
1907:
1887:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1820:
1817:
1788:
1785:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1755:
1752:
1740:hydromorphinol
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1618:
1615:
1598:
1595:
1547:
1544:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1385:20–30 mg
1383:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1256:
1253:
1241:chlorphenamine
1225:antihistamines
1213:dimenhydrinate
1205:phenothiazines
1180:
1177:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:Abdominal pain
1123:
1120:
1095:
1092:
1076:Main article:
1073:
1070:
1034:hallucinations
977:
974:
904:under the skin
864:
863:
852:
851:
849:
848:
845:
843:
840:
832:
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
820:
812:
811:
810:
807:
806:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
782:
780:
772:
771:
765:
759:
758:
755:
746:
740:
735:
729:
728:
724:
723:
713:
705:
704:
702:
701:
688:
686:
673:
672:
670:
669:
661:
659:
653:
652:
650:
649:
641:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
621:
619:
613:
612:
610:
609:
601:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
581:
579:
573:
572:
570:
569:
561:
559:
553:
552:
550:
549:
541:
539:
533:
532:
530:
529:
521:
519:
508:
507:
505:
504:
496:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
481:
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
463:
462:
457:
451:
450:
447:
441:
440:
437:
428:
427:
424:
418:
417:
412:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
378:
377:
375:
374:
371:
359:
347:
334:
323:
311:
300:
287:
273:
271:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:
256:
243:
241:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
205:
203:administration
197:
196:
193:
185:
184:
181:
173:
172:
170:
169:
167:
157:
155:
147:
146:
144:
143:
125:
123:
117:
116:
109:
103:
102:
95:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9514:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9452:
9442:
9441:
9438:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9408:Pronociceptin
9406:
9404:
9403:Proenkephalin
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9280:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9192:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9062:Buprenorphine
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9047:
9045:
9039:
9037:
9027:
9025:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8795:Buprenorphine
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8745:Amentoflavone
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8668:nortriptyline
8665:
8661:
8657:
8656:amitriptyline
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8612:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8362:Hydromorphone
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8277:Diprenorphine
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8257:Difelikefalin
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8237:Cyprenorphine
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8182:Big dynorphin
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8102:3CS-nalmefene
8100:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7946:Diprenorphine
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7650:Hydromorphone
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7560:Deltorphin II
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7445:3CS-nalmefene
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7294:Methocinnamox
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7254:Ginsenoside R
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7224:Diprenorphine
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7101:3CS-nalmefene
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:Phencyclidine
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6873:Oxymorphazone
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6663:Hydromorphone
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6608:Ethylmorphine
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6598:Endomorphin-2
6596:
6594:
6593:Endomorphin-1
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6573:Diphenoxylate
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Butyrfentanyl
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6443:Buprenorphine
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6358:Acrylfentanyl
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6333:ψ-Akuammigine
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6277:
6272:
6270:
6265:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6190:Prenoxdiazine
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6175:Pentoxyverine
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6095:Dimethoxanate
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Nicodicodeine
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Levomethadone
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5984:Hydromorphone
5982:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Ethylmorphine
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Carbocisteine
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5782:Levoverbenone
5780:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5692:
5687:
5685:
5680:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5656:
5655:Phenobarbital
5652:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5533:Buprenorphine
5531:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5428:Nitrous oxide
5426:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5311:Treatment of
5306:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:Methocarbamol
5145:
5143:
5142:Mephenoxalone
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Chlorzoxazone
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5062:amitriptyline
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5024:Carbamazepine
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
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4482:Dexketoprofen
4476:
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4280:
4278:
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4260:
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4257:Phenoperidine
4255:
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4230:
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4210:
4208:
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4187:Ethoheptazine
4185:
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4070:
4068:
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4047:Hydromorphone
4045:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Ethylmorphine
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3966:
3965:Buprenorphine
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:Semisynthetic
3946:
3940:
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3273:"zalicus.com"
3268:
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2319:
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2309:9780080462127
2305:
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2284:
2282:9783527607495
2278:
2274:
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2247:
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2229:
2225:
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2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2178:9780857113382
2174:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2088:
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2084:
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2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1935:9781455701506
1931:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1908:9781455701506
1904:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1875:
1871:
1865:
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1853:
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1702:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:hydrogenation
1660:
1656:
1651:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1576:Concentrated
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
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1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:Hydromorphone
1402:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:Hydromorphone
1389:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
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1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:beta blockers
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:Neurotoxicity
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1066:hyperglycemia
1062:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
973:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:breastfeeding
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Hydromorphone
860:
853:
844:
839:
838:
835:
828:
819:
818:
815:
808:
804:
801:
799:
795:
788:
784:
783:
781:
778:
773:
766:
764:
760:
736:
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
714:
712:
710:ECHA InfoCard
706:
698:
694:
693:DTXSID8023133
690:
689:
687:
678:
674:
667:
663:
662:
660:
658:
654:
647:
643:
642:
640:
638:
634:
627:
623:
622:
620:
618:
614:
607:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
587:
583:
582:
580:
578:
574:
567:
563:
562:
560:
558:
554:
547:
543:
542:
540:
538:
534:
527:
523:
522:
520:
513:
509:
502:
498:
497:
495:
493:
489:
480:
479:
476:
469:
464:
461:
458:
456:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
436:
429:
425:
423:
419:
416:
413:
411:
407:
403:
401:
397:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
372:
370:
360:
358:
348:
345:
335:
333:
324:
321:
312:
310:
301:
298:
288:
285:
275:
274:
272:
270:
266:
261:
253:
248:
245:
244:
242:
240:
236:
233:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
212:intramuscular
209:
206:
204:
198:
194:
192:
186:
182:
180:
174:
168:
159:
158:
156:
154:
148:
141:
140:Hydromorphone
136:
127:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
65:Clinical data
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:Hydromorphone
37:
33:
19:
9419:
9398:Prodynorphin
9390:Propeptides:
9389:
9288:
9259:Thienorphine
9082:JNJ-19385899
9067:Cebranopadol
9049:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
9041:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
8725:6β-Naltrexol
8642:Thienorphine
8607:Salvinorin A
8407:Levallorphan
8361:
8212:Cebranopadol
8071:Thienorphine
7881:6β-Naltrexol
7665:JNJ-20788560
7660:Isomethadone
7649:
7555:Deltorphin I
7550:Deltorphin A
7530:Cebranopadol
7525:Casokefamide
7359:Naltrexazone
7349:Naloxonazine
7274:Levallorphan
7121:6β-Naltrexol
7020:Thienorphine
6975:Remifentanil
6897:
6828:Nicomorphine
6823:Nicodicodine
6778:Morphiceptin
6678:Ketobemidone
6662:
6513:Desomorphine
6498:DAMGO (DAGO)
6478:Cebranopadol
6473:Casokefamide
6110:Droxypropine
6105:Dropropizine
6085:Cloperastine
6055:Benproperine
6019:Normethadone
5983:
5978:+homatropine
5974:+guaifenesin
5939:+guaifenesin
5845:Dornase alfa
5761:+oxomemazine
5757:+hydrocodone
5711:Expectorants
5650:Barbiturates
5648:
5621:
5604:
5574:
5562:
5525:
5498:
5458:
5434:
5420:
5388:
5358:
5349:Mecamylamine
5152:Orphenadrine
5127:Carisoprodol
5119:Myorelaxants
5069:
4919:Cannabinoids
4885:Floctafenine
4790:Salicylamide
4469:+paracetamol
4461:Dexibuprofen
4449:Flurbiprofen
4439:Benoxaprofen
4414:Propacetamol
4404:Parapropamol
4372:+hydrocodone
4313:+paracetamol
4282:Remifentanil
4272:Proheptazine
4202:Ketobemidone
4142:Alphaprodine
4089:+paracetamol
4077:Nicomorphine
4072:Nicodicodine
4046:
4028:+paracetamol
4000:+paracetamol
3983:Desomorphine
3912:+paracetamol
3824:
3785:. Retrieved
3780:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3755:the original
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3725:the original
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3667:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3550:the original
3537:
3519:
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3491:the original
3477:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3426:the original
3421:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3396:the original
3391:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3366:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3335:the original
3330:
3318:
3308:22 September
3306:. Retrieved
3301:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3250:
3238:
3214:(1): 22–34.
3211:
3207:
3197:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3114:(2): 84–96.
3111:
3107:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3037:
3030:
3010:
3003:
2983:
2976:
2954:(1): 69–76.
2951:
2947:
2941:
2917:(1): 89–93.
2914:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2868:. Retrieved
2861:the original
2856:
2844:
2832:. Retrieved
2827:
2803:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2632:(7–8): e34.
2629:
2625:
2619:
2594:
2590:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:the original
2455:
2431:. Retrieved
2422:
2414:the original
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2355:
2346:
2337:10665/371090
2327:
2318:
2298:
2291:
2271:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:
2236:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2168:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2100:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2000:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1924:
1917:
1897:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1847:
1841:
1822:
1809:
1794:
1790:
1787:Legal status
1782:
1778:
1759:
1757:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1703:
1695:
1671:benzophenone
1652:
1637:
1628:hyperalgesia
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1575:
1556:
1546:Formulations
1506:
1411:1.5 mg
1398:7.5 mg
1370:200 mg
1318:MOR:DOR:KOR
1255:Pharmacology
1233:promethazine
1217:glutethimide
1197:barbiturates
1182:
1179:Interactions
1164:
1125:
1097:
1084:hypogonadism
1081:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1038:
1030:perspiration
1014:constipation
994:side effects
979:
976:Side effects
959:
912:
876:
872:
868:
867:
856:
666:ChEMBL398707
432:Elimination
426:15 to 30 min
269:Legal status
263:Legal status
220:subcutaneous
121:License data
36:
9472:Euphoriants
9328:Kelatorphan
9305:Candoxatril
9194:Antagonists
9145:Racemorphan
9112:NNC 63-0532
9097:Lexanopadol
9092:Levorphanol
8970:Quadazocine
8955:Pawhuskin A
8950:Noribogaine
8940:Navacaprant
8930:Naltrindole
8850:Epicatechin
8815:Clocinnamox
8698:Antagonists
8660:desipramine
8627:Samidorphan
8597:Racemorphan
8582:Phenazocine
8572:Pentazocine
8552:Norketamine
8547:Noribogaine
8507:Nalfurafine
8472:Mirtazapine
8462:Metkefamide
8422:Lexanopadol
8417:Levorphanol
8397:Laudanosine
8382:ICI-204,448
8377:ICI-199,441
8347:Hemorphin-4
8307:Erinacine E
8292:Eluxadoline
8282:Dynorphin A
8227:Cyclazocine
8202:Butorphanol
8187:Bremazocine
8162:Asimadoline
8152:Allomatrine
8142:Akuammicine
8051:Quadazocine
8046:Pawhuskin A
8041:Noribogaine
8026:Naltrindole
7966:Epicatechin
7961:Eluxadoline
7936:Clocinnamox
7864:Antagonists
7795:Samidorphan
7785:Racemorphan
7765:Oxymorphone
7725:Mitragynine
7720:Metkefamide
7700:Lexanopadol
7695:Levorphanol
7680:Laudanosine
7645:Hydrocodone
7640:Hemorphin-4
7540:Cyclazocine
7515:Butorphanol
7490:β-Endorphin
7409:Samidorphan
7404:Quadazocine
7394:Pawhuskin A
7384:Noribogaine
7374:Naltrindole
7309:Naldemedine
7239:Epicatechin
7196:Clocinnamox
7084:Antagonists
7055:Tubotaiwine
7040:Trimebutine
6970:Racemorphan
6940:Piritramide
6925:Phenazocine
6910:Pentazocine
6883:Oxymorphone
6848:Oliceridine
6833:Norketamine
6818:Nicocodeine
6803:Naltalimide
6768:Mitragynine
6758:Metkefamide
6728:Loxicodegol
6718:Lexanopadol
6713:Levorphanol
6688:Laudanosine
6653:Hydrocodone
6648:Hodgkinsine
6638:Hemorphin-4
6628:Frakefamide
6588:Embutramide
6583:Dynorphin A
6543:Eluxadoline
6533:Dimenoxadol
6468:Carfentanil
6453:Butorphanol
6428:Bezitramide
6398:β-Endorphin
6388:Anileridine
6378:Akuammidine
6373:Akuammicine
6343:α-Narcotine
6225:from market
6185:Piperidione
6150:Moguisteine
6060:Benzonatate
6050:Alloclamide
6009:Nicocodeine
5970:Hydrocodone
5930:Butorphanol
5875:Neltenexine
5772:Ipecacuanha
5749:Guaifenesin
5719:Althea root
5404:Acamprosate
5354:Varenicline
5254:from market
5198:Frunevetmab
5178:Bedinvetmab
5087:PF-05089771
4996:Mirogabalin
4957:Ion channel
4927:Cannabidiol
4880:Benzydamine
4823:Pyrazolones
4805:Wintergreen
4755:Ethenzamide
4750:Dipyrocetyl
4707:Salicylates
4649:Lumiracoxib
4585:Indometacin
4513:Zaltoprofen
4432:Propionates
4342:Acetanilide
4333:Paracetamol
4267:Piritramide
4252:Phenazocine
4247:Phenadoxone
4237:Pentazocine
4232:Oliceridine
4227:Norpipanone
4196:+fluanisone
4177:Dimenoxadol
4157:Carfentanil
4152:Bezitramide
4147:Anileridine
4116:Papaveretum
4111:Oxymorphone
4105:+naltrexone
4067:Nicocodeine
4052:Levorphanol
4021:Hydrocodone
3978:Butorphanol
3923:+naltrexone
3432:2 September
3372:2 September
3367:mcmaster.ca
3344:2 September
3282:2 September
2433:19 November
1797:Schedule II
1744:oxymorphone
1699:hydrocodone
1689:to produce
1583:oxymorphone
1563:intrathecal
1492:Oxymorphone
1486:10 mg
1477:Oxymorphone
1471:10 mg
1456:20 mg
1441:10 mg
1426:30 mg
1376:Hydrocodone
1185:anesthetics
770: g·mol
716:100.006.713
466:Identifiers
357:Schedule II
216:intravenous
107:MedlinePlus
80:Other names
71:Trade names
9461:Categories
9423:Kyotorphin
9368:Spinorphin
9249:SB-612,111
9244:Nocistatin
9214:BAN-ORL-24
9165:SCH-486757
9160:SCH-221510
8999:Nociceptin
8960:PF-4455242
8935:Naringenin
8925:Naltrexone
8885:LY-2795050
8880:LY-2459989
8875:LY-2444296
8870:LY-2196044
8855:Hyperoside
8770:Aticaprant
8664:imipramine
8587:Proxorphan
8562:Oxilorphan
8532:Niravoline
8522:Nalorphine
8497:Nalbuphine
8482:Moxazocine
8457:Metazocine
8427:Lofentanil
8392:Ketazocine
8352:Herkinorin
8332:Gemazocine
8322:Fedotozine
8302:Eptazocine
8232:Cyclorphan
8217:Ciprefadol
8036:Naringenin
8016:Naltrexone
8011:Nalorphine
7986:LY-2196044
7976:ICI-174864
7971:ICI-154129
7916:Bevenopran
7891:α-Santolol
7855:Zenazocine
7835:Tonazocine
7790:RWJ-394674
7775:Proglumide
7715:Metazocine
7705:Lofentanil
7635:Fluorophen
7399:Rimonabant
7389:Oxilorphan
7379:Naringenin
7369:Naltrexone
7334:Naloxazone
7324:Nalorphine
7289:LY-2196044
7259:Hyperoside
7249:Gemazocine
7244:Eptazocine
7181:Bevenopran
7025:Tianeptine
7000:Tapentadol
6995:Sufentanil
6990:Sinomenine
6980:Salsolinol
6935:Piminodine
6853:Oxycodegol
6843:Octreotide
6838:Nufenoxole
6788:Nalbuphine
6743:Meptazinol
6723:Loperamide
6693:Lefetamine
6643:Herkinorin
6623:Fluorophen
6578:Dipipanone
6503:Dermorphin
6393:Apparicine
6383:Alfentanil
6306:(abridged;
6286:modulators
6195:Tipepidine
6180:Pipazetate
6160:Nepinalone
6155:Morclofone
6145:Meprotixol
6135:Isoaminile
6125:Gefapixant
6080:Clofedanol
6075:Clobutinol
6070:Butamirate
6029:Pholcodine
5955:Dimemorfan
5906:alkaloids,
5860:Letosteine
5855:Erdosteine
5850:Eprazinone
5825:Bromhexine
5807:Mucolytics
5581:Naltrexone
5515:Lofexidine
5454:Topiramate
5442:Naltrexone
5399:Disulfiram
5228:Rimazolium
5223:Proglumide
5168:Analgecine
5105:Flupirtine
5048:Mexiletine
5029:Lacosamide
5006:Ziconotide
5001:Pregabalin
4991:Leconotide
4981:Gabapentin
4959:modulators
4942:Nabiximols
4905:Proquazone
4900:Nimesulide
4895:Nabumetone
4846:Nifenazone
4760:Guacetisal
4745:Diflunisal
4730:Benorylate
4664:Valdecoxib
4644:Etoricoxib
4575:Diclofenac
4565:Acemetacin
4534:Lornoxicam
4488:Loxoprofen
4475:Ketoprofen
4444:Fenoprofen
4409:Phenacetin
4387:+oxycodone
4377:+ibuprofen
4309:+celecoxib
4292:Tapentadol
4287:Sufentanil
4262:Piminodine
4212:Meptazinol
4207:Lofentanil
4182:Dipipanone
4137:Alfentanil
4097:+ibuprofen
4062:Nalbuphine
4032:+ibuprofen
3864:Analgesics
3761:17 January
3705:7 December
3701:. May 2009
3559:5 November
3500:5 November
3422:rxlist.com
3402:5 November
3257:5 November
3161:(4): S52.
2870:5 November
2834:5 November
2783:5 November
2755:5 November
2727:5 November
2466:5 November
2391:14 January
2366:14 January
1856:References
1748:morphinone
1617:Metabolism
1501:1 mg
1266:Affinities
1137:Depression
1122:Withdrawal
951:equivalent
775:3D model (
763:Molar mass
646:CHEBI:5790
606:Q812464R06
577:ChemSpider
537:IUPHAR/BPS
492:CAS Number
475:IUPAC name
449:4 to 5 hrs
410:Metabolism
320:Anlage III
309:Schedule I
227:Drug class
177:Dependence
9378:Tynorphin
9373:Thiorphan
9353:Opiorphan
9295:Amastatin
9224:J-113,397
9185:TH-030418
9155:Ro65-6570
9150:Ro64-6198
9077:Etorphine
8985:Zyklophin
8975:Taxifolin
8865:LY-255582
8825:Cyclofoxy
8775:Axelopran
8689:Xorphanol
8679:U-54,494A
8647:Tifluadom
8637:TH-030418
8567:Oxycodone
8557:Oripavine
8527:Naltriben
8512:Nalmefene
8467:Mianserin
8437:Lufuradom
8342:GR-103545
8317:Etorphine
8297:Enadoline
8197:Butorphan
8192:BRL-52537
8157:Apadoline
8066:Taxifolin
8061:SoRI-9409
8021:Naltriben
8006:Nalmefene
7981:LY-255582
7911:Axelopran
7850:Xorphanol
7820:TH-030418
7800:SB-235863
7760:Oxycodone
7755:Oripavine
7620:Etorphine
7510:Butorphan
7475:Amoxapine
7414:Taxifolin
7339:Naloxegol
7314:Nalmefene
7284:LY-255582
7214:Cyprodime
7209:Cyclofoxy
7176:Axelopran
7156:Alvimopan
7151:Akuammine
7136:α-Gliadin
7075:Xorphanol
7065:Valorphin
7010:TH-030418
6868:Oxycodone
6863:Oripavine
6798:Nalmexone
6753:Methadone
6733:LS-115509
6613:Etorphine
6603:Eseroline
6448:Butorphan
6309:full list
6235:Phase III
6223:Withdrawn
6170:Oxolamine
6120:Fominoben
6115:Fedrilate
6024:Noscapine
6004:Methadone
5885:Stepronin
5797:Tyloxapol
5633:Lorazepam
5616:Clonidine
5586:Nalmefene
5548:Methadone
5537:+naloxone
5510:Clonidine
5470:Clonidine
5447:Nalmefene
5393:inhibitor
5370:Clonidine
5334:Bupropion
5264:Phase III
5252:Withdrawn
5233:Tanezumab
5193:Clonidine
5188:Capsaicin
5042:lidocaine
4890:Glafenine
4851:Phenazone
4795:Salsalate
4725:Aloxiprin
4674:Fenamates
4659:Rofecoxib
4654:Parecoxib
4638:+tramadol
4631:Celecoxib
4613:Zomepirac
4598:Ketorolac
4570:Bromfenac
4549:Tenoxicam
4544:Piroxicam
4539:Meloxicam
4498:Oxaprozin
4454:Ibuprofen
4397:+tramadol
4352:Butacetin
4217:Methadone
4130:Synthetic
4101:+naloxone
4082:Oxycodone
4011:Etorphine
3972:+naloxone
3939:Paregoric
3679:16 August
3177:1526-5900
2489:(6): 25.
2246:Drugs.com
2101:Drugs.com
2034:CiteSeerX
1980:16 August
1946:20 August
1874:Drugs.com
1833:midazolam
1823:In 2009,
1667:oxidation
1655:reduction
1634:Chemistry
1536:dysphoria
1528:analgesia
1462:Oxycodone
1447:Oxycodone
1193:hypnotics
1189:sedatives
1173:Clonidine
1168:Methadone
1116:pethidine
1108:agitation
1104:myoclonus
1044:(such as
1002:dizziness
939:pregnancy
881:morphinan
455:Excretion
439:2–3 hours
434:half-life
201:Routes of
191:liability
189:Addiction
179:liability
151:Pregnancy
99:Monograph
93:Drugs.com
18:Dilaudide
9451:Medicine
9264:Trap-101
9254:SR-16430
9175:SR-16435
9029:(PheΨ(CH
9009:Agonists
8920:Naloxone
8830:Dezocine
8800:Catechin
8755:Apigenin
8684:U-69,593
8477:Morphine
8447:MB-1C-OH
8387:Ketamine
8372:Ibogaine
8337:GR-89696
8327:Fentanyl
8207:BW373U86
8095:Agonists
8085:κ-opioid
8031:Naloxone
7926:Catechin
7901:Apigenin
7840:Tramadol
7825:Thebaine
7735:Morphine
7655:Ibogaine
7625:Fentanyl
7605:DPI-3290
7575:Dezocine
7520:BW373U86
7500:Biphalin
7465:ADL-5859
7438:Agonists
7428:δ-opioid
7354:Naloxone
7279:Lobeline
7264:Ibogaine
7186:Catechin
7166:Apigenin
7035:Tramadol
7030:Tilidine
7015:Thebaine
6985:SC-17599
6955:Propiram
6915:Pericine
6858:OM-3-MNZ
6783:Morphine
6673:Ketamine
6618:Fentanyl
6528:Dezocine
6463:BW373U86
6433:Biphalin
6318:3-HO-PCP
6304:Agonists
6294:μ-opioid
6200:Zipeprol
6165:Oxeladin
6130:Glaucine
6090:Dibunate
6034:Thebacon
5989:Laudanum
5880:Sobrerol
5865:Mannitol
5840:Domiodol
5820:Ambroxol
5753:+codeine
5739:Creosote
5643:Oxazepam
5628:Diazepam
5521:Ibogaine
5481:Phenibut
5476:Baclofen
5344:Lobeline
5339:Cytisine
5203:Ketamine
5082:Funapide
5077:DSP-2230
4937:Nabilone
4932:Cannabis
4836:Ampyrone
4608:Tolmetin
4603:Sulindac
4580:Etodolac
4558:Acetates
4529:Isoxicam
4503:Suprofen
4493:Naproxen
4367:+codeine
4302:Tramadol
4297:Tilidine
4277:Propiram
4192:Fentanyl
4172:Dezocine
4121:Thebacon
4093:+aspirin
4036:+aspirin
3934:Laudanum
3919:Morphine
3907:+aspirin
3781:BBC News
3659:21841049
3527:Archived
3469:24290733
3230:17309136
3136:22849970
3128:11305075
3090:18488078
2968:11197347
2804:Medscape
2654:21782204
2646:23715067
2611:15353098
2573:23414717
2538:16308048
2386:ClinCalc
2360:Archived
2356:ClinCalc
2326:(2023).
2251:15 April
2228:34350974
2152:29864565
2107:15 April
2064:22694749
2056:12818953
1974:Archived
1940:Archived
1831:dose of
1764:laudanum
1760:Dilaudid
1722:Bacteria
1685:via the
1559:epidural
1532:euphoria
1509:μ-opioid
1432:Morphine
1417:Morphine
1345:Compound
1332:1:39:53
1161:Vomiting
1158:Sweating
1046:diazepam
1026:headache
1022:vomiting
1006:sedation
996:include
982:morphine
955:morphine
923:seizures
908:Cochrane
877:Dilaudid
859:(verify)
803:HCl salt
557:DrugBank
501:466-99-9
297:Class A1
239:ATC code
208:By mouth
153:category
135:DailyMed
9492:Phenols
9482:Ketones
9420:Others:
9348:RB-3007
9300:BL-2401
9269:UFP-101
9234:NalBzOH
9229:JTC-801
9170:SR-8993
9107:MT-7716
9057:BU08070
8910:MR-2266
8890:MeJDTic
8820:CVL-354
8790:BU09059
8780:AZ-MTAB
8760:Arodyne
8720:6'-GNTI
8715:5'-GNTI
8674:U-50488
8654:(e.g.,
8502:NalBzOH
8487:MR-2034
8452:Menthol
8442:Matrine
8177:BAM-22P
8172:BAM-18P
8167:BAM-12P
8107:6'-GNTI
7876:5'-NTII
7810:SNC-162
7750:NalBzOH
7670:KNT-127
7600:DPI-221
7535:Codeine
7495:BAM-18P
7485:AZD2327
7450:6'-GNTI
7344:Naloxol
7070:Viminol
7060:U-47700
7045:TRIMU 5
6950:Prodine
6893:OxyPNPH
6808:Neopine
6793:NalBzOH
6763:Metopon
6738:Matrine
6488:Codeine
6438:BU08070
6413:BAM-22P
6408:BAM-18P
6403:BAM-12P
6368:AH-7921
5935:Codeine
5909:opioids
5734:Cineole
5527:Opioids
5208:Menthol
5183:Camphor
5060:(e.g.,
5053:Nefopam
5038:cocaine
5036:(e.g.,
4785:Salicin
4522:Oxicams
4347:Bucetin
4319:Viminol
4057:Metopon
3902:Codeine
3890:Opiates
3881:Opioids
3787:24 July
3731:26 July
3618:7487001
3588:Bibcode
3221:2080496
3081:2386360
2933:6131140
2924:2561435
2695:8610865
2503:1377371
2483:Nursing
2219:8406835
2144:6165742
1754:History
1623:codeine
1512:agonist
1361:Codeine
1329:24.9 nM
1326:18.5 nM
1323:0.47 nM
1249:alcohol
1010:itching
768:285.343
733:Formula
586:4447624
566:DB00327
526:5284570
512:PubChem
344:Class A
332:Class B
330::
318::
307::
255:)
249: (
247:N02AA03
166: C
137::
113:a682013
9437:Portal
9358:Selank
9343:RB-120
9338:RB-101
9282:Others
9209:AT-076
9102:MCOPPB
8765:AT-076
8611:salvia
8492:N-MPPP
8432:LPK-26
8056:SDM25N
7906:AT-076
7845:TRV250
7805:SNC-80
7675:Kratom
7455:7-SIOM
7171:AT-076
7161:AM-251
7050:TRV734
6945:PL-017
6683:Kratom
6668:IBNtxA
6218:WHO-EM
5965:Heroin
5792:Senega
5247:WHO-EM
5161:Others
4873:Others
4859:
4808:
4634:
4588:
4478:
4465:
4457:
4424:NSAIDs
4305:
4085:
4024:
3996:
3968:
3657:
3616:
3609:167664
3606:
3467:
3253:. 2010
3228:
3218:
3175:
3134:
3126:
3088:
3078:
3045:
3018:
2991:
2966:
2931:
2921:
2830:. 2007
2693:
2652:
2644:
2609:
2571:
2536:
2501:
2306:
2279:
2226:
2216:
2175:
2150:
2142:
2062:
2054:
2036:
2007:
1962:Anvisa
1932:
1905:
1880:16 May
1742:, and
1707:heroin
1283:Ratio
1247:, and
1215:, and
1152:Nausea
1110:, and
1100:tremor
1032:, and
1018:nausea
986:heroin
970:
929:, and
900:muscle
892:cancer
884:opioid
814:SMILES
657:ChEMBL
626:D08047
460:Kidney
367:
355:
342:
295:
282:
232:Opioid
133:
9363:Semax
9002:(NOP)
8980:UPHIT
8965:RB-64
8905:ML350
8900:ML190
8860:JDTic
8835:DIPPA
8602:RB-64
8357:HS665
8222:CR665
8117:18-MC
8112:8-CAC
8088:(KOR)
7610:DSLET
7595:DPDPE
7545:DADLE
7505:BU-48
7431:(DOR)
7269:JDTic
7131:18-MC
6960:PZM21
6904:opium
6813:NFEPP
6493:DADLE
6297:(MOR)
6043:Other
5904:Opium
5870:Mesna
4335:-type
4222:NFEPP
3929:Opium
3894:opium
3553:(PDF)
3546:(PDF)
3494:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3338:(PDF)
3327:(PDF)
3247:(PDF)
3132:S2CID
2864:(PDF)
2853:(PDF)
2824:(PDF)
2650:S2CID
2148:S2CID
2060:S2CID
1805:ACSCN
1775:Names
1669:with
1349:Route
915:abuse
902:, or
834:InChI
805:: 333
777:JSmol
637:ChEBI
415:Liver
8750:ANTI
8367:HZ-2
7921:BNTX
7204:CTOP
7200:CTAP
5317:N07B
3872:N02B
3868:N02A
3789:2014
3763:2014
3733:2014
3707:2020
3681:2016
3655:PMID
3614:PMID
3561:2015
3502:2015
3465:PMID
3434:2017
3404:2012
3374:2017
3346:2017
3310:2024
3284:2017
3259:2015
3226:PMID
3173:ISSN
3124:PMID
3086:PMID
3043:ISBN
3016:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2964:PMID
2929:PMID
2872:2015
2836:2015
2785:2015
2757:2015
2729:2015
2691:PMID
2642:PMID
2607:PMID
2569:PMID
2534:PMID
2499:PMID
2468:2015
2435:2014
2393:2024
2368:2024
2304:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2253:2019
2224:PMID
2202:2021
2173:ISBN
2140:PMID
2109:2019
2052:PMID
2005:ISBN
1982:2023
1948:2019
1930:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1882:2020
1522:and
1354:Dose
984:and
957:IV.
888:pain
617:KEGG
597:UNII
546:7082
384:data
195:High
183:High
89:AHFS
8845:ECG
8840:EGC
7956:EGC
7951:ECG
7630:FIT
7234:EGC
7229:ECG
5702:R05
3645:doi
3641:107
3604:PMC
3596:doi
3457:doi
3251:FDA
3216:PMC
3163:doi
3116:doi
3076:PMC
2956:doi
2919:PMC
2828:FDA
2681:doi
2634:doi
2599:doi
2561:doi
2557:126
2526:doi
2491:doi
2332:hdl
2214:PMC
2206:doi
2132:doi
2044:doi
1766:).
1657:to
1561:or
1534:or
1310:KOR
1300:DOR
1290:MOR
1243:),
1086:or
941:or
682:EPA
516:CID
404:20%
252:WHO
9463::
9311:D
8666:,
8662:,
8658:,
6231::
5976:,
5759:,
5755:,
5607:AA
5501:AA
5461:AA
5391:AD
5361:AA
5260::
5070:Na
5040:,
4311:,
4103:,
4099:,
4095:,
4091:,
4034:,
4030:,
3870:,
3823:,
3779:.
3749:.
3697:.
3653:.
3639:.
3635:.
3612:.
3602:.
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