31:
658:, when only three plays were performed), though it is unknown whether they were performed continuously on one day, or over the course of the five-day festival. Until 449 BC, only dramatic works were awarded prizes in the agon, but after that time, actors also became eligible for recognition. It was considered a great honour to win the comedic prize at the City Dionysia, despite the belief that comedies were of secondary importance. The
702:
673:. His plays, along with other fifth-century BC writers, were often re-staged during this period. At least one revival was presented each year at City Dionysia. It has been suggested that audiences may have preferred to see well-known plays re-staged, rather than financially support new plays of questionable quality; or alternately, that revivals represented a
681:. Nevertheless, plays continued to be written and performed until the 2nd century BC, when new works of both comedy and tragedy seem to have been eliminated. After that point drama continued to be produced, but prizes were awarded to wealthy producers and famous actors rather than the long-dead playwrights whose work was being performed.
376:
Because the various towns in Attica held their festivals on different days, it was possible for spectators to visit more than one festival per season. It was also an opportunity for
Athenian citizens to travel outside the city if they did not have the opportunity to do so during the rest of the year.
1235:
Classics
Department, stages a competition every April wherein groups of high school students produce unique adaptations of the same play. The competition aims to engage the themes and style of the ancient plays with renewed vigor and an accessible, thought provoking frame. Several notable schools
614:
During the fifth century BC, five days of the festival were set aside for performance, though scholars disagree exactly what was presented each day. At least three full days were devoted to tragic plays, and each of three playwrights presented his set of three tragedies and one
423:(the lunar month straddling the vernal equinox, i.e., Mar.-Apr in the solar calendar), three months after the rural Dionysia, probably to celebrate the end of winter and the harvesting of the year's crops. According to tradition, the festival was established after
1215:
Center for
Creative works produces and performs an adaptation each spring. The purpose of the enterprise is to educate and entertain, and adaptations occasionally go beyond Greek theater for inspiration (for example, the 2013 Spring adaptation of the
513:
in the mid-5th century BC, various gifts and weapons showcasing Athens' strength were carried as well. Also included in the procession were bulls to be sacrificed in the theatre. The most conspicuous members of the procession were the
1262:
Educational charity The Iris
Project holds a Dionysia Festival every year with Year Eight students from Cheney School, who adapt and modernise Aristophanes plays. The festival is usually hosted at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
365:. Some festivals may have included dramatic performances, possibly of the tragedies and comedies that had been produced at the City Dionysia the previous year. This was more common in the larger towns, such as
431:, had chosen to become part of Attica. The Eleuthereans brought a statue of Dionysus to Athens, which was initially rejected by the Athenians. Dionysus then punished the Athenians with a
684:
Another procession and celebration was held on the final day, when the judges chose the winners of the tragedy and comedy performances. The winning playwrights were awarded a wreath of
538:) offered their musical and lyrical services. After these competitions, the bulls were sacrificed, and a feast was held for all the citizens of Athens. A second procession, the
665:
Impressive tragic output continued without pause through the first three quarters of the fourth century BC, and some scholars consider this time a continuation of the
1573:
1654:
300:. It was probably a very ancient festival, perhaps not originally associated with Dionysus. This "rural Dionysia" was held during the winter, in the month of
798:
Most of our knowledge of the winners of the City
Dionysia and the Lenaea festival comes from a series of damaged inscriptions referred to as the Fasti (
1100:
502:, made of wood or bronze, aloft on poles, and a cart pulled a much larger phallus. Basket-carriers and water and wine-carriers participated in the
599:
was purified by the sacrifice of a bull. According to tradition, the first performance of tragedy at the
Dionysia was by the playwright and actor
571:
was also used to give praise to notable citizens, or often foreigners, who had served Athens in some beneficial way during the year. During the
662:
festival, held earlier in the year, featured comedy more prominently and officially recognized comic performances with prizes in 442 BC.
439:, which was cured when the Athenians accepted the cult of Dionysus. This was recalled each year by a procession of citizens carrying
575:, orphaned children of those who had been killed in battle were also paraded in the Odeon, possibly to honour their fathers. The
611:, a common symbol for Dionysus, and this "prize" possibly suggests the origin of the word "tragedy" (which means "goat-song").
1792:
1483:
1450:
1339:
669:. Though much of the work of this period is either lost or forgotten, it is considered to owe a great debt to the playwright
1894:
1889:
1581:
1845:
518:(χορηγοί, "sponsors", literally: "chorus leaders"), who were dressed in the most expensive and ornate clothing. After the
766:
551:
The next day, the playwrights announced the titles of the plays to be performed, and judges were selected by lot: the "
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1824:
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This also allowed travelling companies of actors to perform in more than one town during the period of the festival.
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69:
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and eligible for their own prizes. Each of five comic writers presented a single play (except during the
530:
competitions. These were extremely competitive, and the best flute players and celebrity poets (such as
1177:
898:
456:, to whom religious festivals were given when the office of archon was created in the 7th century BC.
734:
719:
357:
1204:
831:
448:
The urban festival was a relatively recent invention. This ceremony fell under the auspices of the
1755:
The
Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology, and Archaeology From the Neolithic Era to the Present
1158:
990:
712:
24:
1237:
944:
827:
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in the 6th century BC . This festival was held probably from the 10th to the 16th of the month
1785:
Inscriptional records for the dramatic festivals in Athens: IG II2 2318-2325 and related texts
1475:
1443:
Inscriptional records for the dramatic festivals in Athens: IG II2 2318-2325 and related texts
1387:
478:(ἐπιμεληταί, "curators") to help organize the festival. On the first day of the festival, the
1212:
416:
1467:
1203:
The festival has inspired people through the present day, as a celebration of humanity (see
1267:
922:
882:
262:, which took place in different parts of the year. They were also an essential part of the
579:
could be used for other announcements as well; in 406 BC the death of the playwright
8:
1857:
1208:
1065:
1056:
1011:
632:
596:
487:
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The archon prepared for the City
Dionysia as soon as he was elected, by choosing his two
263:
1732:
1524:
1516:
1283:
1232:
1020:
1005:
873:
304:(the month straddling the winter solstice, i.e., Dec.-Jan.). The central event was the
227:
1228:
and the productions themselves are quite popular, selling out on all ticketed venues.
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which ties together the civilizing and humane force of plays in the ancient world
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35:
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on the successive days. Most of the extant Greek tragedies, including those of
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650:
contests until 487/6 BC, when comic poets were officially admitted to the
420:
386:
301:
223:
19:
This article is about the ancient Greek festival. For the flowering plant, see
1878:
1255:
1614:
1559:, for the culturing aspect of Dionysus and celebrations associated with him.
604:
559:
originally took place, but after the mid-5th century BC, it was held in the
1171:
1133:
1095:
949:
910:
859:
851:
381:
352:
247:
66:
545:
498:(εἰσαγωγή, "introduction"). As with the Rural Dionysia, they also carried
351:
procession was completed, there were contests of dancing and singing, and
1740:
1308:
1293:
1288:
1246:
1083:
999:
970:
251:
239:
1244:. Adaptations are cut to twenty minutes, and source plays have included
1298:
726: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
616:
494:, carrying the wooden statue of Dionysus Eleuthereus, the "leading" or
424:
324:
279:
1680:
1520:
947:, son of Aeschylus; Sophocles took 2nd place; Euripides took 3rd with
411:) was the urban part of the festival, possibly established during the
1140:
1089:
1050:
1028:
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930:
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841:
674:
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647:
628:
624:
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436:
362:
1547:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 307–330.
701:
1846:"Rites of Passage in Ancient Greece: Literature, Religion, Society"
1722:
and Froma I. Zeitlin. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1990.
1512:
1077:
983:
887:
835:
453:
432:
235:
42:
1716:
Nothing to Do with
Dionysos? Athenian Drama in Its Social Context
1580:. Center for Creative Work, University of Houston. Archived from
1499:
Goldhill, Simon (1987). "The Great Dionysia and Civic Ideology".
1124:
977:
600:
499:
441:
428:
412:
370:
366:
310:
243:
254:. The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals, the
1303:
659:
535:
283:
231:
73:
46:
38:
544:(κῶμος), occurred afterwards, which was most likely a drunken
1636:
1217:
540:
483:
275:
54:
1714:
Simon Goldhill, "The Great Dionysia and Civic Ideology", in
486:, and representatives from Athenian colonies marched to the
1251:
677:
for the glory of Athens from before the devastation of the
651:
608:
297:
214:
199:
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173:
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146:
126:
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105:
99:
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The other two days of the festival were likely devoted to
211:
164:
1270:
celebrate Dionysia as a holiday and use a version of the
685:
208:
161:
114:
474:(πάρεδροι, "reeves", literally: "by the chair") and ten
1334:(new ed.). Harlow, England: Longman. p. 222.
250:. It was the second-most important festival after the
1400:
1398:
1396:
968:, nephew of Aeschylus; Sophocles took 2nd place with
691:
205:
187:
158:
140:
117:
111:
93:
1783:
Millis, Benjamin Willard; Olson, S. Douglas (2012).
1441:
Millis, Benjamin Willard; Olson, S. Douglas (2012).
555:" (προαγών, "pre-contest"). It is unknown where the
482:("pomp", "procession") was held, in which citizens,
190:
143:
96:
1831:
The List of the Victors in Comedies at the Dionysia
1735:, "Procession and Celebration at the Dionysia", in
202:
155:
108:
1769:The Sacred and Civil Calendar of the Athenian Year
1393:
935:438 BC - Sophocles; Euripides took 2nd place with
332:(ὀβελιαφόροι – who carried long loaves of bread),
1743:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
1601:
1599:
1876:
1805:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953 (2nd ed. 1968).
1757:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1567:
1565:
1596:
607:") in 534 BC. His award was reportedly a
340:(ὑδριαφόροι – who carried jars of water), and
1655:"Dionysia 2021: Aristophanes Under Lockdown"
1562:
1409:. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 18–25.
1376:. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 18–26.
336:(σκαφηφόροι – who carried other offerings),
328:(κανηφόροι – young girls carrying baskets),
23:. For the ancient Roman dancer-actress, see
1782:
1440:
405:Dionysia ta en Astei – Διονύσια τὰ ἐν Ἄστει
296:), probably celebrating the cultivation of
287:
196:
170:
149:
123:
102:
1737:Theater and Society in the Classical World
1250:by Euripides and the entire collection of
427:, a town on the border between Attica and
1819:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
1673:
1361:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 87.
1354:
786:Learn how and when to remove this message
1613:. New York Classics Club. Archived from
1542:
1536:
1498:
1404:
1371:
1211:take) and an exposition of culture. The
586:
384:parodied the Rural Dionysia in his play
344:(ἀσκοφόροι – who carried jars of wine).
318:(φαλλοφόροι). Also participating in the
29:
1843:
1492:
409:Dionysia ta Megala – Διονύσια τὰ Μεγάλα
238:, the central events of which were the
16:Festivals of Dionysus in ancient Athens
1877:
1465:
1327:
1236:from the area participate, including
1231:The New York Classical Club, through
1224:). Collaborators flock from all over
1198:
1131:); Aristophanes took 2nd place with
724:adding citations to reliable sources
695:
459:
407:, also known as the Great Dionysia,
1844:Padilla, Mark William, ed. (1999).
1787:. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. 1.
1605:
1470:Masterpieces of Classic Greek Drama
1445:. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. 1.
810:II 2319-24) and the Victors Lists (
13:
1837:
1571:
1423:(Sesta edizione: Roma-Bari 2004).
692:Known winners of the City Dionysia
308:(πομπή), the procession, in which
14:
1911:
1545:The Cambridge Companion to Horace
1358:Dictionary of Classical Mythology
1151:Aristophanes took 2nd place with
269:
1803:The Dramatic Festivals of Athens
1331:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
700:
506:here, as in the Rural Dionysia.
393:
183:
136:
89:
1647:
1629:
1045:(? = exact year not preserved)
822:(? = exact year not preserved)
711:needs additional citations for
1801:Sir Arthur Pickard-Cambridge.
1771:, Princeton University Press.
1657:. 12 June 2021. Archived from
1459:
1434:
1419:Mastromarco, Giuseppe: (1994)
1413:
1405:Brockett, Oscar Gross (1968).
1380:
1372:Brockett, Oscar Gross (1968).
1365:
1348:
1321:
643:) watched from the front row.
274:The Dionysia was originally a
78:Archaeological Museum of Delos
1:
1829:Carl A. P. Ruck. IG II 2323:
603:(from whom we take the word "
490:on the southern slope of the
1817:Athenian religion: A History
7:
1895:Festivals in ancient Athens
1890:Greek festivals of Dionysus
1833:. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967.
1501:Journal of Hellenic Studies
1277:
914:); Sophocles took 2nd place
10:
1916:
1701:
1543:Harrison, Stephen (2007).
817:
526:led their choruses in the
398:
18:
1767:Mikalson, Jon D. (1975),
1637:"The Iris Project - Home"
1421:Introduzione a Aristofane
1355:Zimmerman, J. E. (1964).
1040:
509:During the height of the
314:(φαλλοί) were carried by
288:
242:performances of dramatic
1328:Wells, John C. (2000) .
1314:
1167:410 BC – Plato the Comic
641:agonothetai – ἀγωνοθἐται
631:, were performed at the
226:: Διονύσια) was a large
49:riding on a tiger, from
1466:Smith, Helaine (2005).
1213:University of Houston's
1106:426 BC - Aristophanes (
294:Dionysia ta kat' agrous
289:Διονύσια τὰ κατ' ἀγρούς
246:and, from 487 BC,
76:, late 2nd century BC,
25:Dionysia (stage artist)
1407:History of the Theatre
1374:History of the Theatre
80:
1885:Ancient Greek theatre
1474:. Greenwood. p.
587:Dramatic performances
583:was announced there.
548:through the streets.
380:The comic playwright
51:the House of Dionysos
33:
1900:December observances
1266:Modern followers of
1233:Fordham University's
1161:took 3rd place with
1098:took 2nd place with
1018:401 BC - Sophocles (
997:405 BC – Euripides (
988:409 BC – Sophocles (
955:428 BC – Euripides (
926:) (year approximate)
920:447 BC – Sophocles (
917:449 BC – Herakleides
908:458 BC – Aeschylus (
896:463 BC – Aeschylus (
883:Seven Against Thebes
880:467 BC – Aeschylus (
849:472 BC – Aeschylus (
720:improve this article
234:in honor of the god
1858:Bucknell University
1753:Jeffrey M. Hurwit.
1113:423 BC – Cratinus (
1012:Alcmaeon in Corinth
633:Theatre of Dionysus
597:Theatre of Dionysus
488:Theatre of Dionysus
435:affecting the male
403:The City Dionysia (
264:Dionysian Mysteries
59:was once controlled
1733:Susan Guettel Cole
1641:irisproject.org.uk
1617:on 9 December 2013
1606:McGowan, Matthew.
1284:Athenian festivals
1199:Modern adaptations
1120:422 BC – Cantharus
1094:427 BC - Unknown;
1061:458 BC – Euphonius
1024:(posthumous award)
1021:Oedipus at Colonus
1006:Iphigenia in Aulis
864:4?? BC - Nothippus
452:, rather than the
81:
41:depicting the god
1794:978-90-04-23201-3
1485:978-0-313-33268-5
1452:978-90-04-23201-3
1341:978-0-582-36467-7
1274:to calculate it.
1194:154 BC – Chairion
1191:183 BC – Philemon
905:460 BC - Aristias
796:
795:
788:
770:
679:Peloponnesian War
656:Peloponnesian War
573:Peloponnesian War
561:Odeon of Pericles
450:Archons of Athens
36:Hellenistic Greek
1907:
1871:
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1584:on 24 April 2013
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1115:The Wicker Flask
893:4?? BC - Mesatus
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667:classical period
361:) would perform
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21:Dionysia (plant)
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1875:
1874:
1868:
1850:Bucknell Review
1840:
1838:Further reading
1815:Robert Parker.
1795:
1720:John J. Winkler
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1201:
1188:185 BC – Laines
1108:The Babylonians
1043:
846:4?? BC - Euetes
820:
792:
781:
775:
772:
729:
727:
717:
705:
694:
635:. The archons,
589:
563:on the foot of
511:Athenian Empire
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401:
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272:
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139:
135:
92:
88:
28:
17:
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1712:
1709:The Acharnians
1707:Aristophanes,
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1672:
1661:on 9 July 2021
1646:
1628:
1595:
1572:Harvey, John.
1561:
1553:
1535:
1513:10.2307/630070
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1272:Attic calendar
1200:
1197:
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1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1137:
1129:The Flatterers
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1111:
1104:
1101:The Banqueters
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1080:
1074:
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995:
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918:
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903:
899:The Suppliants
894:
891:
890:took 2nd place
878:
865:
862:
856:
847:
844:
838:
819:
816:
802:II 2318), the
794:
793:
708:
706:
699:
693:
690:
639:, and judges (
591:Following the
588:
585:
467:
458:
400:
397:
395:
392:
387:The Acharnians
271:
270:Rural Dionysia
268:
256:Rural Dionysia
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1867:0-8387-5418-X
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1825:0-19-814979-4
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1811:0-19-814258-7
1808:
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1800:
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1766:
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1763:0-521-42834-3
1760:
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1750:
1749:0-472-10281-8
1746:
1742:
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1734:
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1729:
1728:0-691-06814-3
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1256:Metamorphoses
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737: –
736:
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731:Find sources:
725:
721:
715:
714:
709:This section
707:
703:
698:
697:
689:
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682:
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676:
672:
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394:City Dionysia
391:
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260:City Dionysia
257:
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178:
131:
86:
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40:
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32:
26:
22:
1853:
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1802:
1784:
1768:
1754:
1736:
1715:
1708:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1649:
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1610:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1577:
1544:
1538:
1507:(1): 58–76.
1504:
1500:
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1469:
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1415:
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1357:
1350:
1330:
1323:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1230:
1221:
1202:
1172:Cephisodoros
1162:
1153:
1148:
1145:The Revelers
1144:
1132:
1128:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1096:Aristophanes
1044:
1019:
1010:
1004:
998:
989:
969:
956:
948:
936:
921:
911:The Oresteia
909:
897:
881:
872:
860:Polyphrasmon
852:The Persians
850:
821:
811:
807:
803:
799:
797:
782:
773:
763:
756:
749:
742:
730:
718:Please help
713:verification
710:
683:
664:
645:
640:
636:
613:
592:
590:
576:
568:
556:
552:
550:
539:
523:
519:
515:
508:
503:
495:
479:
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471:
469:
464:
460:
447:
440:
421:Elaphebolion
417:Peisistratus
408:
404:
402:
385:
382:Aristophanes
379:
375:
356:
348:
346:
341:
338:hydriaphoroi
337:
334:skaphephoroi
333:
330:obeliaphoroi
329:
323:
319:
316:phallophoroi
315:
309:
305:
293:
278:festival in
273:
259:
255:
84:
82:
67:South Aegean
45:as a winged
1741:Ruth Scodel
1309:Panathenaia
1294:Bacchanalia
1289:Anthesteria
1247:The Bacchae
1209:Aristotle's
1205:Nietzsche's
1178:Poseidippus
1084:Pherecrates
1000:The Bacchae
991:Philoctetes
971:Oedipus Rex
874:Triptolemus
814:II 2325).
804:Didascaliae
776:August 2023
648:dithyrambic
528:dithyrambic
252:Panathenaia
230:in ancient
1879:Categories
1777:0691035458
1690:2021-09-27
1681:"Calendar"
1386:Mikalson,
1299:Ganachakra
1238:Stuyvesant
1159:Phrynichus
958:Hippolytus
832:Phrynichus
826:Pre 484 -
746:newspapers
735:"Dionysia"
637:epimeletai
617:satyr play
476:epimelētai
425:Eleutherae
363:dithyrambs
355:(led by a
347:After the
342:askophoroi
325:kanephoroi
280:Eleutherae
240:theatrical
1685:Hellenion
1529:145343153
1268:Hellenism
1220:, titled
1182:278 BC –
1176:290 BC –
1170:402 BC –
1154:The Birds
1141:Ameipsias
1139:414 BC –
1123:421 BC –
1090:Hermippus
1088:435 BC –
1082:437 BC –
1076:43? BC -
1070:446 BC –
1064:450 BC –
1055:472 BC –
1051:Chionides
1049:486 BC –
1033:3?? BC -
1029:Astydamas
1027:372 BC –
982:415 BC –
976:416 BC –
966:Philocles
964:427 BC –
945:Euphorion
943:431 BC –
931:Euripides
929:441 BC –
869:Sophocles
867:468 BC –
858:471 BC –
842:Aeschylus
840:484 BC –
828:Choerilus
675:nostalgia
671:Euripides
629:Sophocles
625:Euripides
621:Aeschylus
581:Euripides
565:Acropolis
532:Simonides
492:Acropolis
437:genitalia
302:Poseideon
244:tragedies
65:) in the
1278:See also
1184:Philemon
1163:Solitary
1078:Cratinus
1035:Aphareus
984:Xenocles
938:Alcestis
923:Antigone
888:Aristias
836:Pratinas
605:thespian
524:chorēgoí
516:chorēgoí
496:eisagōgē
472:páredroi
454:basileus
358:choregos
353:choruses
258:and the
248:comedies
236:Dionysus
228:festival
85:Dionysia
43:Dionysos
1860:Press.
1718:, eds.
1702:Sources
1611:Theater
1608:"Ph.D."
1578:Theater
1226:America
1125:Eupolis
1072:Callias
978:Agathon
818:Tragedy
760:scholar
601:Thespis
577:proagōn
569:proagōn
557:proagōn
553:proagōn
546:revelry
500:phalloi
465:Proagon
442:phalloi
429:Boeotia
413:tyranny
399:Origins
371:Eleusis
367:Piraeus
311:phalloi
57:(which
1864:
1823:
1809:
1791:
1775:
1761:
1747:
1739:, ed.
1726:
1665:4 July
1621:8 June
1588:8 June
1551:
1527:
1521:630070
1519:
1482:
1449:
1427:
1388:p. 137
1338:
1304:Lenaia
1252:Ovid's
1066:Crates
1057:Magnes
1041:Comedy
762:
755:
748:
741:
733:
660:Lenaia
627:, and
595:, the
567:. The
536:Pindar
522:, the
484:metics
433:plague
284:Attica
232:Athens
74:Greece
70:region
63:Athens
47:daimon
39:mosaic
1856:(1).
1854:XLIII
1525:S2CID
1517:JSTOR
1315:Notes
1242:Regis
1222:Ilium
1218:Iliad
1134:Peace
950:Medea
767:JSTOR
753:books
652:agons
593:pompe
541:kōmos
520:pompē
504:pompe
480:pompē
461:Pompe
349:pompe
322:were
320:pompe
306:pompe
298:vines
276:rural
224:Greek
55:Delos
1862:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1667:2021
1623:2013
1590:2013
1574:"Dr"
1549:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1240:and
739:news
609:goat
534:and
463:and
369:and
83:The
1509:doi
1505:107
1431:p.3
1207:or
886:);
722:by
686:ivy
415:of
72:of
61:by
53:at
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