39:
699:
868:
268:, which shows strong evidence of toepads being secondarily lost. The ability for geckos to climb vertical surfaces is made possible by the hundreds of microscopic, hair-like fibers present on their toes, which are so fine and densely concentrated as to trap air between the gecko’s toes and the surface they are adhering to. Effectively, the geckos do not “stick” or “adhere” to a surface, rather, they are able to utilize compressed air to grip. With the help of this ability they have on their feet, they are able to grip on to surfaces, making it easier for them to travel from one place to another.
1272:
2464:
and evidence that
Eastern Gondwanan lineages of Diplodactylidae, Pygopodidae and Carphodactylidae appear older than lineages in the Gekkonidae. These findings have been upheld and clarified in subsequent dating analyses. Most molecular divergence studies agree that diplodactylids were likely present prior to the final breakup of Australia and Antarctica with diversification of crown diplodactyloids occurring between the late Cretaceous or the earliest Paleogene periods. A recent phylogenomic analysis suggests independent colonization events to New Zealand and New Caledonia after the
991:
598:
909:
642:
1229:
1320:
454:
1084:
1488:
61:
1043:
405:
740:
1447:
1159:
502:
950:
1402:
1361:
3915:
358:
limbless
Pygopodidae; Carphodactylidae, which included only padless Carphodactylini; Diplodactylidae, which now included all Kluge's Diplodactylini together with all pad-bearing Carphodactylini; Eublepharidae; and Gekkonidae. This was a significant revision to Kluge's proposed order, and, excepting minor movement of genera and more extensive movement at the species level, is generally representative of the modern monophyletic Diplodactylidae.
821:
546:
315:
Diplodactylini with four genera, and
Carphodactylini with nine. As Kluge believed pupil shape alone to be too variable a diagnostic character, his classification was based on 18 morphological characters, as well as geologic and geographical origins. This necessitated the reallocation of several Diplodactylinae genera (e.g., those from South Africa, those with “non-parchment-like” shelled eggs) to the Gekkoninae.
281:
justifying the monophyly of
Diplodactylidae, revising intergeneric relationships between several genera, and uncovering significant cryptic diversity within the family. However, the current understanding of the systematics and evolution of diplodactylid geckos remains limited, with certain genera and taxa still largely unstudied and significant underestimates in diversity at the species level left to resolve.
1541:
for the eight New
Caledonian diplodactylids in spite of a growing number of studies investigating them. New Zealand genera have proved somewhat easier to analyze. The group has correspondingly gone through several taxonomic revisions to reach the current order of genera proposed by Nielson et al. in 2011. Yet, a high amount of cryptic diversity remains unresolved, especially within
1620:. In 2020 four new species were reported in New Caledonia. Just within the past decade, diversity records within Diplodactylidae have increased substantially, from 54 species to almost 140 species. This is due in large part to improvement in taxon sampling and molecular analyses, as well as the growing recognition of the cryptic diversity that still exists within the family.
234:, Diplodactylidae often live in warm areas that are around the temperature of 24–29 °C (75–85 °F). They mostly live in rain forests, up in the trees for protection. However, they are also found in cooler climates such as those found in southern New Zealand, where they have been found to be active in temperatures ranging from 1.4 to 31.9C.
1540:
form a sister clade, while the New
Caledonian diplodactylids show evidence of their more recent and rapid radiation in short branch lengths. Because the quick succession of genera can complicate phylogenetic reconstruction, it may remain difficult to produce well-supported intergeneric relationships
318:
In subsequent years, Kluge's classifications of genera, which built off
Underwood's original groupings, were generally accepted. However, Kluge's subfamilial allocations—including his subdivision of Diplodactylinae—and his apparent assumptions around their respective monophyly proved problematic for
314:
species known at the time. Kluge disputed
Underwood's classification, instead recognizing a single family, Gekkonidae (later equivalent to Gekkota) with four subfamilies that included the Eublepharinae, Sphaerodactylinae, Gekkoninae and Diplodactylinae. He subdivided Diplodactylinae into two tribes,
271:
Based on a study, captive geckos like to grip onto coarser, sandpaper- or bark-like surfaces, as opposed to smooth glass or plastic, as this material is similar to the type of surfaces they grip on to in their natural habitats. It was concluded that
Diplodactylidae, in particular, like to grip-on to
331:
hypothesis. While these revisions helped advance systematics closer to the contemporary understanding of
Diplodactylidae, inconsistencies around how Carphodactylini were then defined and how they fit within the Australia-New Zealand vicariance left questions that required more sophisticated genetic
2463:
Although origins of the Diplodactylidae have long been debated, the Gondwanan vicariance hypothesis has generally supplanted most arguments for dispersal across land-bridges or by sea. The first gecko-wide genetic analysis found support for a split of Eastern Gondwanaland from Western Gondwanaland
357:
padless carphodactylines, which was upheld in later analyses. These new pairings led Han et al. (2004) to reorder membership within the Diplodactylini and Carphodactylini and to propose a new taxonomy of geckos at the family level to reflect their findings. The five new families proposed were the
1601:
conservation of the family, this is an issue to be resolved within the Diplodactylidae phylogeny. Endemic Gondwanan lineages, a diversity of habitats, and the relative isolation of the three Australian regions have allowed for a significant speciation of diplodactylids. In 2009 an additional 16
280:
While diplodactylid geckos have been relatively well-studied, the family's placement and composition has experienced several revisions, with the systematics continuing to evolve. Recent molecular work has helped to clarify phylogeny that was historically based primarily on morphological traits,
1600:
Multiple studies in all three endemic clades of the Diplodactylidae have suggested and confirmed that high cryptic diversity exists at the species level. Because undescribed diversity can have serious implications for not only evolutionary and ecological understanding, but also for effective
335:
Many early assumptions of diplodactylid systematics have either been supported or invalidated with the improvement of phylogenetic analyses and more comprehensive sampling. Nuclear loci in particular have been helpful for resolving intergeneric relationships and origin questions.
340:
loci and 12S rRNA gene sequences to construct a molecular phylogeny helped to confirm the pygopods’ placement as a monophyletic sister lineage to the Diplodactylinae. These results also corroborated that both the Diplodactylinae and its Diplodactylini subdivision were
1615:
into 10 distinct lineages in 2010. Likewise 16 new species in New Zealand were recognized in 2011. In 2014 another seven genetically distinct and morphologically diagnosable taxa were described in Australia, and two years later four additional species were added to
289:
Underwood completed the first comprehensive systematics analysis of geckos in 1954, using morphological features like pupil shape and inferences around biogeography to establish three major families within Gekkota (or Gekkonoidea as it was also known): the
327:. This grouping also made more sense biogeographically, as Kluge modified his earlier assumptions of gekkotan origins from fixed continents, landbridges, and oceanic dispersal, to lie more in line with the emerging plate-tectonics
2961:
Chukwuka, C. O. (2020). Microhabitat use by the nocturnal, cool-climate gecko Woodworthia ‘Otago/Southland’ in the context of global climate change (Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy). University of Otago. Retrieved from
194:. Diplodactylids are the most ecologically diverse and widespread family of geckos in both Australia and New Caledonia, and are the only family of geckos found in New Zealand. Three diplodactylid genera (
319:
some (e.g., Moffatt 1973, Hecht 1976), who suggested alternative or expanded hypotheses. Kluge's 1987 publication continued to build on his earlier work by examining the relationship of the limbless
1536:, and the New Zealand endemics comprise the three well-supported clades within current-day Diplodactylidae. Due to their closer divergence, the New Zealand and Australian endemics (without
323:
to the Gekkonidae. He used a simple phylogenetic analysis of synapomorphies to place the pygopods within Gekkonidae as sisters to the Diplodactylinae, and delineated this clade as
310:
as subfamilies within Gekkonidae. Underwood's Diplodactylinae comprised 22 genera from Australian regions and South Africa, including many of the diplodactylid and
1020:
4139:
1577:
are being increasingly examined. However, more work is still needed to understand the basal relationships and divergence of other “non-core” genera like
1016:
1012:
2857:
Oliver, Paul M.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd; Hobbie, Tara (2012). "Molecular phylogenetics of the arboreal Australian gecko genus
3931:
137:
2484:, it has been suggested that both the New Zealand and New Caledonian colonizations may have been a result of over-water dispersal events after all.
4621:
765:
4647:
4713:
3966:
3802:"Stripes, jewels and spines: further investigations into the evolution of defensive strategies in a chemically defended gecko radiation (
2465:
353:
for Kluge's Diplodactylinae with Diplodactylini genera and padded carphodactylines instead supported as the sister group to pygopods
4595:
3774:"New distribution records: Four species of giant geckos (Gekkota: Diplodactylidae) occur in syntopy on Île des Pins, New Caledonia"
2476:, respectively. Due to the range of these dispersals, and fossil evidence showing that New Zealand was likely submerged during the
4634:
4708:
2753:"Relicts and radiations: Phylogenomics of an Australasian lizard clade with east Gondwanan origins (Gekkota: Diplodactyloidea)"
3329:"Cryptic diversity in vertebrates: molecular data double estimates of species diversity in a radiation of Australian lizards (
345:, although monophyly of the Carphodactylini was not supported. In the first gecko-wide genetic analysis by Han et al. (2004),
2535:
4639:
3391:"Long-term persistence and vicariance within the Australian Monsoonal Tropics: the case of the giant cave and tree geckos (
3156:
2567:
1567:
are generally considered well-studied, with many of their intergeneric relationships strongly supported and resolved. The
3116:"Old but not ancient: coalescent species tree of New Caledonian geckos reveals recent post-inundation diversification"
758:
3685:
2986:
2949:
423:
4652:
2497:
2815:"New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities"
3959:
867:
245:
is notable as a trait unique to diplodactylids within Gekkota, with two species in New Caledonia from the genus
2813:
Nielsen, Stuart V.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Hitchmough, Rod A.; Daugherty, Charles H. (2011-04-01).
3898:
3176:
3722:"Molecular evidence for Gondwanan origins of multiple lineages within a diverse Australasian gecko radiation"
1241:
3800:
Nielsen, Stuart V.; Oliver, Paul M.; Laver, Rebecca J.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Noonan, Brice P. (September 2016).
3257:"Molecular evidence for ten species and Oligo-Miocene vicariance within a nominal Australian gecko species (
698:
60:
38:
3721:
1234:
2814:
4561:
4556:
4543:
3528:
Vanderduys, Eric; Hoskin, Conrad J.; Kutt, Alex S.; Wright, Justin M.; Zozaya, Stephen M. (2020-11-10).
3952:
996:
4662:
4534:
3919:
3155:
Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Sadlier, Ross A.; Shea, Glenn; Whitaker, Anthony H. (April 2008).
752:
745:
4703:
4698:
1284:
1277:
1003:
833:
826:
3327:
Oliver, Paul M.; Adams, Mark; Lee, Michael S.Y.; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Doughty, Paul (2009-06-07).
2501:
1611:
1605:
species within the Australian radiation were described, while evidence of deep divergence within
1102:
655:
610:
603:
558:
551:
3529:
2900:
4496:
3498:
914:
711:
704:
664:
648:
47:
3588:"Gecko Adhesion in Space and Time: A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Scansorial Success Story"
4626:
2640:
Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (2012).
2493:
1624:
1373:
1366:
1271:
672:
4675:
4582:
3856:
3733:
3440:
3272:
3127:
2937:
2933:
2653:
1500:
1325:
990:
514:
507:
459:
8:
1656:
1579:
1528:
1493:
1332:
1221:
1048:
962:
955:
3737:
3276:
3131:
2899:
Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Sadlier, Ross A.; Whitaker, Anthony H. (2012-07-31).
2657:
349:
loci again helped clarify placement within the Pygopodoidea. Results showed evidence of
4548:
3837:
3749:
3561:
3414:
3357:
3328:
3295:
3256:
3233:
3216:
3190:
3080:
3053:
2676:
2641:
2551:
2505:
1414:
1407:
1096:
1089:
619:
417:
55:
3677:
Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the Carphodactylini (Reptilia:Gekkonidae)
3635:
4670:
4569:
4070:
3880:
3745:
3691:
3681:
3609:
3565:
3553:
3466:
3362:
3300:
3085:
2992:
2982:
2945:
2878:
2834:
2774:
2681:
2625:
2604:
1459:
1452:
1439:
1297:
1055:
842:
798:
519:
295:
3841:
3753:
3418:
3194:
472:
4377:
4152:
4060:
4045:
3872:
3827:
3817:
3741:
3647:
3599:
3545:
3510:
3456:
3406:
3389:
Oliver, Paul M.; Laver, Rebecca J.; Smith, Katie L.; Bauer, Aaron M. (2014-05-14).
3352:
3344:
3290:
3280:
3228:
3180:
3172:
3135:
3075:
3065:
3034:
2916:
2870:
2826:
2764:
2712:
2671:
2661:
2620:
2547:
1201:
1171:
921:
908:
676:
597:
564:
410:
311:
164:
3114:
Skipwith, Phillip L.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Sadlier, Ross A. (2016).
3022:
641:
4574:
4420:
4387:
4330:
3052:
Pillai, Rishab; Nordberg, Eric; Riedel, Jendrian; Schwarzkopf, Lin (2020-10-16).
2666:
2033:
1571:
affinity to New Caledonian geckos has been informative and is under study, while
1228:
668:
575:
466:
307:
3773:
2874:
2830:
2769:
2752:
1319:
453:
4460:
4397:
4367:
4310:
4285:
4280:
4257:
4237:
4175:
4147:
4093:
3445:
species complex, Diplodactylidae) from the Australian arid and semi-arid zones"
3070:
2509:
1681:
1290:
1250:
1083:
732:
571:
427:
3876:
3549:
3514:
3461:
2920:
2699:
Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Bauer, Aaron M. (2015-04-09).
1487:
4692:
4519:
4415:
4405:
4372:
4359:
4335:
4300:
4290:
4227:
4222:
4200:
4055:
3530:"Beauty in the eye of the beholder: a new species of gecko (Diplodactylidae:
3285:
2380:
2081:
2064:
2000:
1943:
1793:
1593:
1549:
1543:
1264:
1164:
1042:
983:
813:
691:
590:
538:
404:
291:
215:
In previous classifications, the family Diplodactylidae is equivalent to the
208:
202:
191:
3695:
2996:
739:
4475:
4440:
4340:
4315:
4242:
4167:
3884:
3613:
3557:
3470:
3366:
3348:
3304:
3215:
Donnellan, Stephen C.; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Saint, Kathleen M. (May 1999).
3089:
2901:"Revision of the giant geckos of New Caledonia (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae:
2882:
2838:
2778:
2685:
2337:
2198:
1798:
1557:
1446:
1312:
789:
780:
324:
264:
122:
3390:
1158:
4608:
4528:
4465:
4450:
4430:
4382:
4320:
4295:
4252:
4214:
4195:
4117:
4103:
4065:
3675:
3651:
3604:
3587:
2976:
1982:
1815:
1769:
1623:
The following cladogram represents the structure of Diplodactylidae in a
1480:
942:
501:
494:
320:
187:
3832:
2571:
949:
4600:
4455:
4435:
4129:
4088:
4080:
4040:
3499:"Underwood's classification of the geckos: a 21st century appreciation"
3185:
2492:
Of the approximately 149 species currently described, 30 are listed as
2306:
2240:
1857:
1729:
1563:
1353:
1192:
1076:
880:
873:
860:
634:
303:
299:
242:
3857:"Many things come in small packages: Revision of the clawless geckos (
3822:
3801:
3217:"Molecular evidence for the phylogeny of Australian gekkonoid lizards"
3161:(Reptilia: Squamata: Diplodactylidae) from southeastern New Caledonia"
3140:
3115:
2717:
2700:
1401:
1360:
4613:
4410:
4350:
4325:
4305:
4232:
4180:
4022:
3680:. Bonn: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig.
3038:
3023:"Higher taxonomic categories of gekkonid lizards and their evolution"
2861:
Gray 1842 (Gekkota: Diplodactylidae): Another plesiomorphic grade?".
2481:
2477:
2469:
2131:
1420:
1035:
820:
479:
350:
342:
249:
and all species in New Zealand exhibiting this form of reproduction.
216:
183:
72:
28:
4490:
3944:
3410:
2963:
4513:
4445:
4275:
4247:
4190:
4185:
4113:
4006:
3994:
3975:
3914:
2605:"Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from C-
2354:
2222:
2114:
1712:
1583:
1553:
1394:
1130:
1121:
901:
397:
328:
262:
All species in this family possess some form of toepad, except for
168:
112:
92:
4267:
4157:
4000:
2701:"Into the light: diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos"
2473:
1874:
446:
175:
171:
102:
4587:
1532:, the New Caledonia diplodactylids together with the Australian
545:
4425:
3988:
3636:"Cladistic relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria)"
3051:
2282:
1573:
1151:
196:
82:
2609:
nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota"
4470:
4098:
4032:
3855:
Doughty, Paul; Ellis, Ryan J.; Oliver, Paul M. (2016-09-15).
2812:
2639:
231:
179:
2981:. Laurie J. Vitt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2751:
Skipwith, Phillip L.; Bi, Ke; Oliver, Paul M. (2019-11-01).
3113:
2898:
2856:
2698:
3527:
3255:
Oliver, Paul M.; Adams, Mark; Doughty, Paul (2010-12-15).
1468:
Nielsen, Bauer, Jackman, Hitchmough & Daugherty, 2011
1427:
Nielsen, Bauer, Jackman, Hitchmough & Daugherty, 2011
3177:
10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[247:ANSSOB]2.0.CO;2
3054:"Geckos cling best to, and prefer to use, rough surfaces"
3326:
3214:
2944:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp.
2642:"Repeated origin and loss of adhesive toepads in geckos"
3934:. 1954. On the classification and evolution of geckos.
3799:
3337:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3154:
3503:
Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Zoology Series
3497:
Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (November 2002).
3388:
1109:
Oliver, Bauer, Greenbaum, Jackman & Hobbie, 2012
212:) have recently been split into multiple new genera.
2978:
Lizards : windows to the evolution of diversity
856:
3646:. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan: 1–54.
3441:"Systematic revision of the marbled velvet geckos (
2894:
2892:
3854:
3254:
3027:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2603:Han, Demin; Zhou, Kaiya; Bauer, Aaron M. (2004).
4690:
2889:
2750:
1526:The Australian endemic diplodactylids excepting
257:
2540:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
2536:"On the classification and evolution of geckos"
801:, Bauer, Greenbaum, Jackman & Hobbie, 2012
1210:Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier, & Whitaker, 2000
1139:Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier, & Whitaker, 2006
3960:
3719:
3439:Oliver, Paul M.; Doughty, Paul (2016-03-08).
3438:
1135:Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier, & Whitaker, 2006
971:Bauer, Whitaker, Sadlier & Jackman, 2012
3941:(3): 469–492. (Diplodactylidae, new family).
3496:
2602:
1521:
284:
3967:
3953:
3720:Oliver, Paul M.; Sanders, Kate L. (2009).
3534:) from inland north Queensland, Australia"
2942:Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition
866:
37:
3899:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
3831:
3821:
3603:
3460:
3356:
3294:
3284:
3232:
3221:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3184:
3139:
3079:
3069:
2768:
2716:
2705:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2675:
2665:
2624:
2613:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2533:
2952:. ("Subfamily Diplodactylinae", p. 284).
4691:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
2974:
2808:
4495:
4494:
3974:
3948:
3771:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2863:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2852:
2850:
2848:
2819:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2757:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2563:
2561:
4663:a645f653-8c64-45ef-92e5-a435619d8d2c
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2529:
2527:
2525:
3903:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3788:
3760:
3702:
3592:Integrative and Comparative Biology
3425:
3373:
3241:
3096:
1609:revised the single nominal species
1206:(Bauer, Jones, & Sadlier, 2000)
723:Stone geckos and fat-tailed geckos
13:
4714:Extant Paleocene first appearances
3925:
3664:
3620:
3572:
3477:
3311:
3234:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01932.x
3201:
3003:
2845:
2785:
2725:
2558:
2552:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1954.tb07789.x
14:
4725:
2964:http://hdl.handle.net/10523/10412
2577:
2522:
275:
3913:
3861:: Diplodactylidae) of Australia"
3746:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02149.x
2626:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x
2480:as was New Caledonia during the
1669:New Caledonian geckos
1486:
1445:
1400:
1359:
1318:
1270:
1227:
1157:
1082:
1041:
989:
948:
907:
819:
738:
697:
640:
596:
544:
500:
452:
403:
252:
59:
3891:
3848:
3521:
3157:"A new small-bodied species of
3148:
3045:
2968:
2955:
2927:
2487:
237:
2692:
2633:
2508:. Another three are listed as
1:
4709:Taxa named by Garth Underwood
3772:Hudel, Lennart (2020-03-17).
3399:Australian Journal of Zoology
2572:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
2515:
1963:New Zealand geckos
434:Wells & Wellington, 1984
258:Adhesion and climbing ability
2667:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429
1514:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1485:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1457:
1444:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1412:
1399:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)
1371:
1358:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1330:
1317:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1282:
1269:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1226:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1169:
1156:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1094:
1081:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1053:
1040:
1028:
1025:
1011:
1001:
988:
976:
973:
970:
960:
947:
935:
932:
929:
919:
906:
891:
888:
850:
847:
841:
838:(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)
831:
818:
806:
803:
797:
787:
785:
773:
770:
764:
750:
737:
725:
722:
719:
709:
696:
684:
681:
663:
653:
639:
627:
624:
618:
608:
595:
583:
580:
570:
556:
543:
531:
528:
525:
512:
499:
487:
484:
478:
464:
451:
439:
436:
433:
415:
402:
7:
2875:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.013
2831:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.007
2770:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106589
1547:. Australia genera such as
885:(Bauer & Russell, 1986)
10:
4730:
3640:Miscellaneous Publications
3071:10.1186/s12983-020-00374-w
2458:
1627:by Skipwith et al., 2019.
368:
225:
4503:
4396:
4358:
4349:
4266:
4213:
4166:
4138:
4125:
4112:
4079:
4031:
4015:
3983:
3877:10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.2
3634:Kluge, Arnold G. (1987).
3586:Bauer, A M (2019-04-30).
3550:10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.4
3515:10.1017/S0968047002000134
3462:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.2.1
3021:Kluge, Arnold G. (1967).
2921:10.11646/zootaxa.3404.1.1
2574:. Accessed 19 April 2021.
2534:Underwood, Garth (1954).
2377:
2351:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2303:
2296:
2279:
2272:
2237:
2219:
2212:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2128:
2111:
2104:
2078:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2030:
2023:
1997:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1940:
1933:
1871:
1854:
1847:
1812:
1790:
1783:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1726:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1678:
1671:
1653:
1646:
1639:
926:(Lucas & Frost, 1896)
848:New Zealand giant geckos
804:Reticulated velvet gecko
361:
150:
145:
56:Scientific classification
54:
45:
36:
23:
3674:Bauer, Aaron M. (1990).
3286:10.1186/1471-2148-10-386
3265:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2975:Pianka, Eric R. (2003).
1522:Intergeneric systematics
285:Placement within Gekkota
182:. These geckos occur in
174:(geckos), with over 150
3936:Proc. Zool. Soc. London
3726:Journal of Biogeography
3259:Crenadactylus ocellatus
3120:Journal of Biogeography
1612:Crenadactylus ocellatus
892:Delcourt's giant gecko
3349:10.1098/rspb.2008.1881
889:Heinicke, et al. 2023
48:Diplodactylus vittatus
2494:Critically Endangered
1625:phylogenetic analysis
3058:Frontiers in Zoology
1538:Pseudothecadactylus)
1385:Spiny-tailed geckos
1112:Robust velvet gecko
332:analyses to answer.
3806:, Diplodactylidae)"
3738:2009JBiog..36.2044O
3393:Pseudothecadactylus
3343:(1664): 2001–2007.
3277:2010BMCEE..10..386O
3261:, Diplodactylidae)"
3132:2016JBiog..43.1266S
2658:2012PLoSO...739429G
1657:Pseudothecadactylus
1569:Pseudothecadactylus
1534:Pseudothecadactylus
1529:Pseudothecadactylus
1512:New Zealand geckos
1222:Pseudothecadactylus
1026:New Zealand geckos
3605:10.1093/icb/icz020
1015:, Bauer, Jackman,
371:
4686:
4685:
4671:Open Tree of Life
4497:Taxon identifiers
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4209:
4208:
4140:Gymnophthalmoidea
4071:Sphaerodactylidae
3823:10.1111/zsc.12181
3810:Zoologica Scripta
3778:Herpetology Notes
3732:(11): 2044–2055.
3141:10.1111/jbi.12719
2718:10.1111/bij.12536
2455:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2366:
2365:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2093:
2092:
2012:
2011:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1741:
1740:
1519:
1518:
886:
771:Chameleon geckos
369:
296:Sphaerodactylidae
157:
156:
141:
16:Family of lizards
4721:
4679:
4678:
4666:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4492:
4491:
4378:Leptotyphlopidae
4356:
4355:
4153:Gymnophthalmidae
4123:
4122:
4061:Phyllodactylidae
4046:Carphodactylidae
3969:
3962:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3918:Data related to
3917:
3907:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3797:
3786:
3785:
3769:
3758:
3757:
3717:
3700:
3699:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3583:
3570:
3569:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3494:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3443:Oedura marmorata
3436:
3423:
3422:
3386:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3252:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3126:(6): 1266–1276.
3111:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3018:
3001:
3000:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2953:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2854:
2843:
2842:
2810:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2748:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2600:
2575:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2531:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2299:
2298:
2275:
2274:
2215:
2214:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2107:
2106:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2026:
2025:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1936:
1935:
1850:
1849:
1786:
1785:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1674:
1673:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1506:
1490:
1471:Harlequin gecko
1465:
1449:
1424:
1404:
1382:Fitzinger, 1843
1379:
1363:
1338:
1322:
1294:
1274:
1247:
1231:
1207:
1177:
1161:
1136:
1106:
1086:
1061:
1045:
1009:
993:
968:
952:
927:
915:L. stenodactylum
911:
884:
870:
858:
839:
823:
795:
762:
742:
717:
701:
661:
644:
616:
600:
581:Clawless geckos
568:
548:
526:Guichenot, 1866
523:
504:
476:
456:
431:
407:
366:
365:
302:. He designated
272:rough surfaces.
265:Lucasium damaeum
136:
64:
63:
41:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4704:Lizard families
4699:Diplodactylidae
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4659:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4549:Diplodactylidae
4547:
4542:
4535:Diplodactylidae
4533:
4532:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4505:Diplodactylidae
4499:
4489:
4480:
4441:Cylindrophiidae
4421:Atractaspididae
4392:
4388:Xenotyphlopidae
4345:
4331:Phrynosomatidae
4262:
4205:
4162:
4134:
4108:
4075:
4051:Diplodactylidae
4027:
4011:
3979:
3973:
3928:
3926:Further reading
3922:at Wikispecies
3920:Diplodactylidae
3911:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3853:
3849:
3798:
3789:
3770:
3761:
3718:
3703:
3688:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3632:
3621:
3584:
3573:
3526:
3522:
3495:
3478:
3437:
3426:
3411:10.1071/ZO13080
3387:
3374:
3325:
3312:
3253:
3242:
3213:
3202:
3165:Pacific Science
3153:
3149:
3112:
3097:
3050:
3046:
3019:
3004:
2989:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2956:
2932:
2928:
2897:
2890:
2855:
2846:
2811:
2786:
2749:
2726:
2697:
2693:
2638:
2634:
2601:
2578:
2568:Diplodactylidae
2566:
2559:
2532:
2523:
2518:
2502:Near Threatened
2490:
2461:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2367:
2262:
2253:
2226:(paraphyletic)
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2094:
2013:
1986:(paraphyletic)
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1837:
1828:
1742:
1635:Diplodactylidae
1524:
1504:
1491:
1463:
1450:
1430:Striped geckos
1418:
1405:
1377:
1364:
1336:
1323:
1288:
1275:
1246:(Günther, 1877)
1245:
1232:
1205:
1175:
1162:
1134:
1100:
1087:
1059:
1046:
1007:
997:M. cryptozoicus
994:
966:
953:
925:
912:
871:
837:
824:
794:(Bustard, 1969)
793:
756:
743:
715:
702:
682:Striped geckos
660:(Sadlier, 1988)
659:
656:D. validiclavis
645:
614:
601:
562:
549:
529:Crested geckos
518:
505:
470:
460:B. septuiclavis
457:
421:
408:
364:
308:Diplodactylinae
287:
278:
260:
255:
240:
228:
220:Diplodactylinae
161:Diplodactylidae
135:
133:Diplodactylidae
58:
32:
25:
24:Diplodactylidae
17:
12:
11:
5:
4727:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4667:
4657:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4592:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4540:
4525:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4461:Tropidophiidae
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4398:Alethinophidia
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4368:Anomalepididae
4364:
4362:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4311:Leiocephalidae
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4286:Corytophanidae
4283:
4281:Chamaeleonidae
4278:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4258:Diploglossidae
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4238:Helodermatidae
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4176:Amphisbaenidae
4172:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:Alopoglossidae
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:Gerrhosauridae
4091:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3927:
3924:
3909:
3908:
3890:
3871:(2): 239–278.
3847:
3816:(5): 481–493.
3787:
3759:
3701:
3686:
3663:
3619:
3598:(1): 117–130.
3571:
3544:(2): 291–310.
3520:
3476:
3455:(2): 151–176.
3424:
3405:(6): 462–468.
3372:
3310:
3240:
3200:
3171:(2): 247–256.
3147:
3095:
3044:
3002:
2987:
2967:
2954:
2926:
2888:
2869:(2): 255–264.
2844:
2784:
2724:
2711:(4): 896–910.
2691:
2632:
2619:(3): 353–368.
2576:
2557:
2546:(3): 469–492.
2520:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:data deficient
2489:
2486:
2466:K-T extinction
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:Eurydactylodes
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1497:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:(Thomas, 1981)
1456:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1411:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1370:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:Beaked Geckos
1342:
1341:Günther, 1867
1339:
1329:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1281:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:Velvet geckos
1181:
1178:
1168:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:Marbled gecko
1140:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1093:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1052:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1010:
1000:
987:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
959:
946:
938:
937:
934:
933:Ground geckos
931:
930:Wermuth, 1965
928:
918:
905:
897:
896:
893:
890:
887:
877:
864:
853:
852:
849:
846:
840:
830:
817:
809:
808:
805:
802:
796:
786:
784:
776:
775:
772:
769:
763:
749:
736:
733:Eurydactylodes
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
708:
695:
687:
686:
683:
680:
662:
652:
649:D. nehoueensis
638:
630:
629:
626:
625:Pacific gecko
623:
617:
607:
594:
586:
585:
582:
579:
569:
555:
542:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
511:
498:
490:
489:
486:
483:
477:
463:
450:
442:
441:
438:
437:Velvet geckos
435:
432:
414:
401:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
370:List of genera
363:
360:
312:carphodactylid
286:
283:
277:
276:Classification
274:
259:
256:
254:
251:
239:
236:
227:
224:
155:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
52:
51:
43:
42:
34:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4726:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4416:Anomochilidae
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:Acrochordidae
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Gerrhopilidae
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4360:Scolecophidia
4357:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:Polychrotidae
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Hoplocercidae
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4291:Crotaphytidae
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Lanthanotidae
4226:
4224:
4223:Shinisauridae
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4201:Trogonophidae
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Eublepharidae
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:Crenadactylus
3851:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3687:3-925382-31-3
3683:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3652:2027.42/56417
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:Diplodactylus
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3227:(1): 97–118.
3226:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2988:0-520-23401-4
2984:
2980:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2950:0-7167-0020-4
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:Rhacodactylus
2895:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:(6): e39429.
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:Diplodactylus
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:Mokopirirakau
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:Dactylocnemis
2059:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:Hoplodactylus
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:Crenadactylus
1938:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1794:Rhacodactylus
1788:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:Crenadactylus
1604:
1603:Diplodactylus
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:Crenadactylus
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:Diplodactylus
1546:
1545:
1544:Hoplodactylus
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1509:Garman, 1901
1503:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1375:
1374:S. strophurus
1369:
1368:
1367:R. taenicauda
1362:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1337:Günther, 1867
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1303:Giant Geckos
1299:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:R. leachianus
1280:
1279:
1278:R. leachianus
1273:
1267:
1266:
1265:Rhacodactylus
1262:
1261:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1067:Green geckos
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1004:M. granulatus
999:
998:
992:
986:
985:
984:Mokopirirakau
981:
980:
974:Mossy geckos
967:(Bavay, 1869)
965:
964:
958:
957:
951:
945:
944:
940:
939:
924:
923:
917:
916:
910:
904:
903:
899:
898:
894:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
869:
865:
863:
862:
855:
854:
844:
836:
835:
834:H. duvaucelii
829:
828:
827:H. duvaucelii
822:
816:
815:
814:Hoplodactylus
811:
810:
800:
792:
791:
790:H. reticulata
783:
782:
778:
777:
767:
760:
755:
754:
753:E. vieillardi
748:
747:
746:E. vieillardi
741:
735:
734:
730:
729:
714:
713:
707:
706:
700:
694:
693:
692:Diplodactylus
689:
688:
678:
674:
670:
666:
658:
657:
651:
650:
643:
637:
636:
632:
631:
621:
613:
612:
606:
605:
599:
593:
592:
591:Dactylocnemis
588:
587:
577:
573:
566:
561:
560:
554:
553:
547:
541:
540:
539:Crenadactylus
536:
535:
521:
517:
516:
510:
509:
503:
497:
496:
492:
491:
481:
474:
469:
468:
462:
461:
455:
449:
448:
444:
443:
429:
425:
420:
419:
413:
412:
406:
400:
399:
395:
394:
390:
387:
385:Taxon author
384:
382:Type species
381:
378:
375:
374:
367:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
333:
330:
326:
322:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Eublepharidae
282:
273:
269:
267:
266:
253:Common traits
250:
248:
247:Rhacodactylus
244:
235:
233:
223:
221:
218:
213:
211:
210:
209:Hoplodactylus
205:
204:
203:Rhacodactylus
199:
198:
193:
192:New Caledonia
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
153:
152:25, see text
149:
144:
139:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
119:Superfamily:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
62:
57:
53:
50:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
19:
4504:
4476:Xenopeltidae
4341:Tropiduridae
4316:Leiosauridae
4243:Xenosauridae
4168:Amphisbaenia
4050:
3938:
3935:
3912:
3902:
3893:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3850:
3833:10072/411159
3813:
3809:
3803:
3781:
3777:
3729:
3725:
3676:
3655:. Retrieved
3643:
3639:
3595:
3591:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3523:
3506:
3502:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3224:
3220:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3150:
3123:
3119:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3030:
3026:
2977:
2970:
2957:
2941:
2929:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2822:
2818:
2760:
2756:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2543:
2539:
2500:, and 28 as
2491:
2488:Conservation
2468:in the late
2462:
2379:
2378:
2353:
2352:
2338:Rhynchoedura
2336:
2335:
2305:
2304:
2281:
2280:
2239:
2238:
2221:
2220:
2199:Hesperoedura
2197:
2196:
2130:
2129:
2113:
2112:
2080:
2079:
2063:
2062:
2032:
2031:
1999:
1998:
1981:
1980:
1942:
1941:
1873:
1872:
1856:
1855:
1814:
1813:
1799:paraphyletic
1792:
1791:
1768:
1767:
1728:
1727:
1711:
1710:
1680:
1679:
1655:
1654:
1634:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:Rhynchoedura
1548:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1505:(Gray, 1845)
1499:
1492:
1479:
1458:
1451:
1438:
1415:T. stephensi
1413:
1408:T. stephensi
1406:
1393:
1372:
1365:
1352:
1331:
1324:
1313:Rhynchoedura
1311:
1283:
1276:
1263:
1242:P. australis
1240:
1233:
1220:
1200:
1191:
1172:O. marmorata
1170:
1163:
1150:
1131:O. marmorata
1129:
1120:
1095:
1088:
1075:
1060:(Gray, 1842)
1054:
1049:N. punctatus
1047:
1034:
1008:(Gray, 1845)
1002:
995:
982:
961:
954:
941:
920:
913:
900:
881:G. delcourti
879:
874:G. delcourti
872:
859:
832:
825:
812:
788:
781:Hesperoedura
779:
751:
744:
731:
710:
703:
690:
654:
647:
633:
620:Steindachner
615:(Gray, 1842)
611:D. pacificus
609:
604:D. pacificus
602:
589:
559:C. ocellatus
557:
552:C. ocellatus
550:
537:
513:
506:
493:
465:
458:
445:
418:A. lesueruii
416:
409:
396:
388:Common name
354:
346:
343:monophyletic
337:
334:
325:Pygopodoidea
317:
288:
279:
270:
263:
261:
246:
241:
238:Reproduction
229:
219:
214:
207:
201:
195:
160:
158:
151:
132:
123:Pygopodoidea
46:
18:
4609:iNaturalist
4529:Wikispecies
4466:Uropeltidae
4451:Loxocemidae
4431:Bolyeriidae
4383:Typhlopidae
4321:Liolaemidae
4296:Dactyloidae
4253:Anniellidae
4215:Anguimorpha
4196:Rhineuridae
4118:Lacertoidea
4104:Xantusiidae
4066:Pygopodidae
3932:Underwood G
3333:, Gekkota)"
3186:10125/22696
2936:, Goin OB,
2915:(1): 1–52.
2825:(1): 1–22.
1983:Woodworthia
1816:Mniarogekko
1770:Correlophus
1501:W. maculata
1481:Woodworthia
1460:T. rakiurae
1453:T. rakiurae
1235:P. lindneri
1180:Gray, 1842
1064:Gray, 1842
943:Mniarogekko
720:Gray, 1832
712:D. vittatus
705:D. vittatus
677:A. Whitaker
515:C. ciliatus
508:C. ciliatus
495:Correlophus
321:Pygopodidae
230:Like other
188:New Zealand
4693:Categories
4456:Pythonidae
4436:Colubridae
4130:Lacertidae
4089:Cordylidae
4081:Scincoidea
4041:Gekkonidae
3804:Strophurus
3784:: 261–265.
3657:2021-04-20
3271:(1): 386.
2763:: 106589.
2516:References
2506:Vulnerable
2498:Endangered
2472:and early
2307:Strophurus
2241:Nebulifera
1858:Paniegekko
1730:Dierogekko
1589:Hespeodura
1580:Nebulifera
1564:Strophurus
1494:W. brunnea
1354:Strophurus
1326:R. ormsbyi
1251:Brongersma
1193:Paniegekko
1176:Gray, 1842
1097:N. robusta
1090:N. robusta
1077:Nebulifera
1056:N. elegans
1017:Hitchmough
963:M. chahoua
956:M. chahoua
922:L. damaeum
861:Gigarcanum
716:Gray, 1832
635:Dierogekko
467:B. cyclura
411:A. jacovae
304:Gekkoninae
300:Gekkonidae
298:, and the
243:Viviparity
4471:Viperidae
4411:Aniliidae
4351:Serpentes
4326:Opluridae
4306:Iguanidae
4233:Varanidae
4181:Bipedidae
4099:Scincidae
4023:Dibamidae
3987:Kingdom:
3566:228867699
3064:(1): 32.
3039:2246/1985
2482:Paleocene
2478:Oligocene
2470:Paleogene
2132:Naultinus
1333:R. ornata
1298:Fitzinger
1165:O. cincta
1103:Boulenger
1036:Naultinus
1021:Daugherty
843:Fitzinger
520:Guichenot
485:Bavayias
351:paraphyly
329:Gondwanan
217:subfamily
184:Australia
138:Underwood
79:Kingdom:
73:Eukaryota
29:Paleocene
4514:Wikidata
4446:Elapidae
4276:Agamidae
4248:Anguidae
4191:Cadeidae
4186:Blanidae
4114:Laterata
4007:Squamata
4001:Reptilia
3995:Chordata
3993:Phylum:
3989:Animalia
3978:families
3976:Squamata
3885:27701335
3842:89325880
3754:56452850
3696:22725734
3614:30938766
3558:33311190
3532:Lucasium
3471:27394333
3419:84359153
3367:19324781
3305:21156080
3195:55390137
3090:33088332
3033:: 1–60.
2997:47791058
2940:. 1978.
2883:22209860
2839:21184833
2779:31425788
2686:22761794
2646:PLOS ONE
2355:Lucasium
2223:Amalosia
2115:Toropuku
2034:Tukutuku
1713:Oedodera
1584:Amalosia
1554:Lucasium
1440:Tukutuku
1395:Toropuku
1202:P. madjo
1122:Oedodera
902:Lucasium
675:, &
398:Amalosia
391:Species
169:suborder
129:Family:
113:Squamata
103:Reptilia
93:Chordata
89:Phylum:
83:Animalia
69:Domain:
31:- Recent
4601:3238758
4588:4518525
4520:Q145927
4268:Iguania
4158:Teiidae
4033:Gekkota
4016:Dibamia
4005:Order:
3999:Class:
3865:Zootaxa
3734:Bibcode
3538:Zootaxa
3449:Zootaxa
3358:2677245
3296:3018458
3273:Bibcode
3159:Bavayia
3128:Bibcode
3081:7566132
2934:Goin CJ
2909:Zootaxa
2677:3384654
2654:Bibcode
2570:at the
2474:Neogene
2459:Origins
1875:Bavayia
1637:
1423:, 1980)
1300:, 1843
1293:, 1829)
1253:, 1936
1105:, 1885)
1023:, 2011
1013:Nielsen
845:, 1843
768:, 1965
766:Wermuth
761:, 1869)
679:, 2006
673:Sadlier
669:Jackman
622:, 1867
578:, 1964
567:, 1845)
482:, 1913
475:, 1872)
473:Günther
447:Bavayia
430:, 1836)
424:Duméril
226:Habitat
176:species
172:Gekkota
167:in the
146:Genera
109:Order:
99:Class:
4676:890072
4660:NZOR:
4653:311552
4640:818000
4627:119600
4562:756734
4426:Boidae
3883:
3840:
3752:
3694:
3684:
3612:
3564:
3556:
3469:
3417:
3365:
3355:
3303:
3293:
3193:
3088:
3078:
2995:
2985:
2948:
2938:Zug GR
2881:
2859:Oedura
2837:
2777:
2684:
2674:
2283:Oedura
1618:Oedura
1574:Oedura
1291:Cuvier
1152:Oedura
1019:&
799:Oliver
574:&
522:, 1866
428:Bibron
426:&
379:Image
376:Genus
362:Genera
294:, the
232:geckos
206:, and
197:Oedura
190:, and
180:genera
178:in 25
165:family
163:are a
140:, 1954
4622:IRMNG
4614:85737
3838:S2CID
3750:S2CID
3562:S2CID
3509:(2).
3415:S2CID
3191:S2CID
759:Bavay
665:Bauer
576:Kluge
572:Dixon
347:c-mos
338:C-mos
4648:NCBI
4635:ITIS
4596:GBIF
4557:BOLD
3881:PMID
3869:4168
3692:OCLC
3682:ISBN
3610:PMID
3554:PMID
3542:4877
3467:PMID
3453:4088
3363:PMID
3301:PMID
3086:PMID
2993:OCLC
2983:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2913:3404
2879:PMID
2835:PMID
2775:PMID
2682:PMID
1591:and
1561:and
1421:Robb
565:Gray
480:Roux
306:and
159:The
4583:EoL
4575:9BN
4570:CoL
4544:AFD
3939:124
3873:doi
3828:hdl
3818:doi
3742:doi
3648:hdl
3644:173
3600:doi
3546:doi
3511:doi
3457:doi
3407:doi
3353:PMC
3345:doi
3341:276
3291:PMC
3281:doi
3229:doi
3181:hdl
3173:doi
3136:doi
3076:PMC
3066:doi
3035:hdl
3031:135
2917:doi
2871:doi
2827:doi
2765:doi
2761:140
2713:doi
2709:115
2672:PMC
2662:doi
2621:doi
2607:mos
2548:doi
2544:124
2504:or
2496:or
1515:3+
1388:20
1186:19
1029:5+
936:14
851:2+
726:27
628:1+
488:41
355:and
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