Fly - Knowledge

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functional mandibles that may be used for biting. The flies that feed on vertebrate blood have sharp stylets that pierce the skin, with some species having anticoagulant saliva that is regurgitated before absorbing the blood that flows; in this process, certain diseases can be transmitted. The bot flies (Oestridae) have evolved to parasitize mammals. Many species complete their life cycle inside the bodies of their hosts. The larvae of a few fly groups (Agromyzidae, Anthomyiidae, Cecidomyiidae) are capable of inducing plant galls. Some dipteran larvae are leaf-miners. The larvae of many brachyceran families are predaceous. In many dipteran groups, swarming is a feature of adult life, with clouds of insects gathering in certain locations; these insects are mostly males, and the swarm may serve the purpose of making their location more visible to females.

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feeding behaviours. The fruit or detritus is consumed along with the associated micro-organisms, a sieve-like filter in the pharynx being used to concentrate the particles, while flesh-eating larvae have mouth-hooks to help shred their food. The larvae of some groups feed on or in the living tissues of plants and fungi, and some of these are serious pests of agricultural crops. Some aquatic larvae consume the films of algae that form underwater on rocks and plants. Many of the parasitoid larvae grow inside and eventually kill other arthropods, while parasitic larvae may attack vertebrate hosts.

321: 2386:. Especially in the Brachycera, little demarcation is seen between the thorax and abdomen, though the demarcation may be visible in many Nematocera, such as mosquitoes; in the Brachycera, the head of the larva is not clearly distinguishable from the rest of the body, and few, if any, sclerites are present. Informally, such brachyceran larvae are called maggots, but the term is not technical and often applied indifferently to fly larvae or insect larvae in general. The eyes and antennae of brachyceran larvae are reduced or absent, and the abdomen also lacks appendages such as 1123:, distinguished by the differences in antennae. The Nematocera are identified by their elongated bodies and many-segmented, often feathery antennae as represented by mosquitoes and crane flies. The Brachycera have rounder bodies and much shorter antennae. Subsequent studies have identified the Nematocera as being non-monophyletic with modern phylogenies placing the Brachycera within grades of groups formerly placed in the Nematocera. The construction of a phylogenetic tree has been the subject of ongoing research. The following cladogram is based on the FLYTREE project. 2569: 876: 904: 2493:

direction. This forces the male to lie on his back for his genitalia to remain engaged with those of the female, or the torsion of the male genitals allows the male to mate while remaining upright. This leads to flies having more reproduction abilities than most insects, and much quicker. Flies occur in large populations due to their ability to mate effectively and quickly during the mating season. More primitive groups mates in the air during swarming, but most of the more advanced species with a 360° torsion mate on a substrate.

2354: 1705: 689: 2323: 1666: 204: 1242: 589: 1645: 2874: 6524:"Βεελζεβούλ, ὁ indecl. (v.l. Βεελζεβούβ and Βεεζεβούλ W-S. §5, 31, cp. 27 n. 56) Beelzebul, orig. a Philistine deity; the name בַּעַל זְבוּב means Baal (lord) of the flies (4 Km 1:2, 6; Sym. transcribes βεελζεβούβ; Vulgate Beelzebub; TestSol freq. Βεελζεβούλ,-βουέλ).", Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed.) (173). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2647: 2229: 1366: 1298: 1494: 1338: 1090: 839: 1387: 1177: 3119: 1617: 759: 1435: 2144: 1548: 11087: 10486: 9637: 1576: 640: 2502: 1463: 1270: 145: 1890: 2421:, where the larvae starting development inside the eggs before they hatch or viviparous, the larvae hatching and maturing in the body of the mother before being externally deposited. These are found especially in groups that have larvae dependent on food sources that are short-lived or are accessible for brief periods. This is widespread in some families such as the Sarcophagidae. In 6542:"For etymological reasons, Baal Zebub must be considered a Semitic god; he is taken over by the Philistine Ekronites and incorporated into their local cult.", Herrmann, "Baal Zebub", in Toorn, K., Becking, B., & Horst, P. W. (1999). Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible DDD (2nd extensively rev. ed.) (154). Leiden; Boston; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brill; Eerdmans. 1908:

more robust flies with short antennae. Many nematoceran larvae are aquatic. There are estimated to be a total of about 19,000 species of Diptera in Europe, 22,000 in the Nearctic region, 20,000 in the Afrotropical region, 23,000 in the Oriental region and 19,000 in the Australasian region. While most species have restricted distributions, a few like the housefly (

3273:, and fruit fly. In contrast, common names of non-dipteran insects that have "fly" in their names are written as one word, e.g. butterfly, stonefly, dragonfly, scorpionfly, sawfly, caddisfly, whitefly. In practice, however, this is a comparatively new convention; especially in older books, names like "saw fly" and "caddis fly", or hyphenated forms such as 3226:. The digestive activities of the fly larvae soften the cheese and modify the aroma as part of the process of maturation. At one time European Union authorities banned sale of the cheese and it was becoming hard to find, but the ban has been lifted on the grounds that the cheese is a traditional local product made by traditional methods. 1953:. Flies are the second largest group of pollinators after the Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and relatives). In wet and colder environments flies are significantly more important as pollinators. Compared to bees, they need less food as they do not need to provision their young. Many flowers that bear low nectar and those that have evolved 412:, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete 1961:

mines. Some families are mycophagous or fungus feeding. These include the cave dwelling Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats) whose larvae are the only diptera with bioluminescence. The Sciaridae are also fungus feeders. Some plants are pollinated by fungus feeding flies that visit fungus infected male flowers.

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Flies are eaten by other animals at all stages of their development. The eggs and larvae are parasitised by other insects and are eaten by many creatures, some of which specialise in feeding on flies but most of which consume them as part of a mixed diet. Birds, bats, frogs, lizards, dragonflies and

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being below the genitals, or, in the case of 360° torsion, to the sperm duct being wrapped around the gut and the external organs being in their usual position. When flies mate, the male initially flies on top of the female, facing in the same direction, but then turns around to face in the opposite

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take various forms. In some groups, particularly the Nematocera, the pupa is intermediate between the larval and adult form; these pupae are described as "obtect", having the future appendages visible as structures that adhere to the pupal body. The outer surface of the pupa may be leathery and bear

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In many flies, the larval stage is long and adults may have a short life. Most dipteran larvae develop in protected environments; many are aquatic and others are found in moist places such as carrion, fruit, vegetable matter, fungi and, in the case of parasitic species, inside their hosts. They tend

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larvae to remove the dead tissue from wounds, most commonly being amputations. Historically, this has been used for centuries, both intentional and unintentional, on battlefields and in early hospital settings. Removing the dead tissue promotes cell growth and healthy wound healing. The larvae also

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that respond to touch. The third segments of the antennae and the maxillary palps bear the main olfactory receptors, while the gustatory receptors are in the labium, pharynx, feet, wing margins and female genitalia, enabling flies to taste their food by walking on it. The taste receptors in females

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is responsible for detecting horizontal motion across the entire visual field of the fly, allowing the fly to generate and guide stabilizing motor corrections midflight with respect to yaw. The ocelli are concerned in the detection of changes in light intensity, enabling the fly to react swiftly to

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field is analyzed by a set of motion-sensitive neurons. A subset of these neurons is thought to be involved in using the optic flow to estimate the parameters of self-motion, such as yaw, roll, and sideward translation. Other neurons are thought to be involved in analyzing the content of the visual

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and typically involve an angle of 90°, being achieved in 50 milliseconds. They are initiated by visual stimuli as the fly observes an object, nerves then activate steering muscles in the thorax that cause a small change in wing stroke which generate sufficient torque to turn. Detecting this within

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The abdomen shows considerable variability among members of the order. It consists of eleven segments in primitive groups and ten segments in more derived groups, the tenth and eleventh segments having fused. The last two or three segments are adapted for reproduction. Each segment is made up of a

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and the actual species diversity is much greater, with the flies from many parts of the world yet to be studied intensively. The suborder Nematocera include generally small, slender insects with long antennae such as mosquitoes, gnats, midges and crane-flies, while the Brachycera includes broader,

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magazine suggested a trap for these flies. A pipe acting as a chimney was fitted to the toilet which let in some light to attract these flies up to the end of this pipe where a gauze covering prevented escape to the air outside so that they were trapped and died. Toilets are generally dark inside

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In Ancient Egypt, flies appear in amulets and as a military award for bravery and tenacity, due to the fact that they always come back when swatted at. It is thought that flies may have also been associated with the departing spirit of the dead, as they are often found near dead bodies. In modern

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both as consumers and as prey. In some groups the larvae complete their development without feeding, and in others the adults do not feed. The larvae can be herbivores, scavengers, decomposers, predators or parasites, with the consumption of decaying organic matter being one of the most prevalent

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The adult stage is usually short, its function is only to mate and lay eggs. The genitalia of male flies are rotated to a varying degree from the position found in other insects. In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that

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Whereas many dipteran larvae are aquatic or live in enclosed terrestrial locations, the majority of adults live above ground and are capable of flight. Predominantly they feed on nectar or plant or animal exudates, such as honeydew, for which their lapping mouthparts are adapted. Some flies have

6533:"1. According to 2 Kgs 1:2–6 the name of the Philistine god of Ekron was Lord of the Flies (Heb. ba‘al zeaûḇ), from whom Israel’s King Ahaziah requested an oracle.", Balz, H. R., & Schneider, G. (1990–). Vol. 1: Exegetical dictionary of the New Testament (211). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. 1960:

The greatest diversity of gall forming insects are found among the flies, principally in the family Cecidomyiidae (gall midges). Many flies (most importantly in the family Agromyzidae) lay their eggs in the mesophyll tissue of leaves with larvae feeding between the surfaces forming blisters and

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on the top. The compound eyes may be close together or widely separated, and in some instances are divided into a dorsal region and a ventral region, perhaps to assist in swarming behaviour. The antennae are well-developed but variable, being thread-like, feathery or comb-like in the different

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organs and are rapidly oscillated in time with the wings; they act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles, and flies deprived of their halteres are unable to fly. The wings and halteres move in synchrony but the amplitude of each wing beat is

2346:, most dipteran larvae have sclerotised head capsules, which may be reduced to remnant mouth hooks; the Brachycera, however, have soft, gelatinized head capsules from which the sclerites are reduced or missing. Many of these larvae retract their heads into their thorax. The 2297:, many hover flies, bee flies (Bombyliidae) and fruit flies (Tephritidae) maintain territories within which they engage in aerial pursuit to drive away intruding males and other species. While these territories may be held by individual males, some species, such as 3173:. It has been suggested that fly larvae could be used at a large scale as food for farmed chickens, pigs, and fish. However, consumers are opposed to the inclusion of insects in their food, and the use of insects in animal feed remains illegal in areas such as the 1902:

Flies are often abundant and are found in almost all terrestrial habitats in the world apart from Antarctica. They include many familiar insects such as house flies, blow flies, mosquitoes, gnats, black flies, midges and fruit flies. More than 150,000 have been

2441:; a single fertilised egg is retained in the oviduct and the developing larva feeds on glandular secretions. When fully grown, the female finds a spot with soft soil and the larva works its way out of the oviduct, buries itself and pupates. Some flies like 1077:

insects has long been accepted, with the main orders being established as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and it is the relationships between these groups which has caused difficulties. Diptera is widely thought to be a member of

2479:, formed from the last larval skin, and the actual pupa is concealed within. When the adult insect is ready to emerge from this tough, desiccation-resistant capsule, it inflates a balloon-like structure on its head, and forces its way out. 2045:

consisting of 11 segments, some of which may be fused, and with the 3 hindmost segments modified for reproduction. Some Dipterans are mimics and can only be distinguished from their models by very careful inspection. An example of this is

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Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard; Jacobs, Kirsten; Allen, Geoff R. (2007). "Comparison of auditory sense organs in parasitoid Tachinidae (Diptera) hosted by Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) and homologous structures in a non-hearing Phoridae (Diptera)".

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in 1927. This claim, of speeds of 600 to 800 miles per hour, was regularly repeated until it was shown to be physically impossible as well as incorrect by Irving Langmuir. Langmuir suggested an estimated speed of 25 miles per hour.

2817:("painted fly" in Latin) is a depiction of a fly as an inconspicuous element of various paintings. This feature was widespread in 15th and 16th centuries paintings and its presence may be explained by various reasons. 2541:

such as members of the Sarcophagidae. The miltogramminae are known as "satellite flies" for their habit of following wasps and stealing their stung prey or laying their eggs into them. Phorids, milichids and the genus

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with many males aggregating in displays. Some flies maintain an airspace and still others form dense swarms that maintain a stationary location with respect to landmarks. Many flies mate in flight while swarming.

3111:. Thus, the presence or absence of particular species provides evidence for the time since death, and sometimes other details such as the place of death, when species are confined to particular habitats such as 2037:, bears the wings and contains the flight muscles on the second segment, which is greatly enlarged; the first and third segments have been reduced to collar-like structures, and the third segment bears the 7095: 6456:

Nearly every element in the universe may be thus personalized, and even the least of these such as tiny Chipmunk and those little insect helpers and mentors of deity and man in the myths, Big Fly (

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Yeates, David K.; Weigmann, Brian M; Courtney, Greg W.; Meier, Rudolf; Lambkins, Christine; Pape, Thomas (2007). "Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects".

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are exceptional in having lost their wings and become flightless. The only other order of insects bearing a single pair of true, functional wings, in addition to any form of halteres, are the

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fluid in a behaviour termed as "bubbling" which has been thought to help the insects evaporate water and concentrate food or possibly to cool by evaporation. Some adult diptera are known for

5933: 487:. Flies can be annoyances especially in some parts of the world where they can occur in large numbers, buzzing and settling on the skin or eyes to bite or seek fluids. Larger flies such as 2433:(Phoridae) females have incubation pouches, and a full developed third instar larva is deposited by the adult and it almost immediately pupates with no freely feeding larval stage. The 3107:. Maggots of different species of flies visit corpses and carcases at fairly well-defined times after the death of the victim, and so do their predators, such as beetles in the family 6298:

Whitman, D. W.; Orsak, L.; Greene, E. (1988). "Spider mimicry in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Further experiments on the deterrence of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) by

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Ssymank, Axel; Kearns, C. A.; Pape, Thomas; Thompson, F. Christian (1 April 2008). "Pollinating Flies (Diptera): A major contribution to plant diversity and agricultural production".

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Hendrichs, J.; Cooley, S. S.; Prokopy, R. J. (1992). "Post-feeding bubbling behaviour in fluid-feeding Diptera: concentration of crop contents by oral evaporation of excess water".

3986: 2443: 416:; the eggs are often laid on the larval food-source and the larvae, which lack true limbs, develop in a protected environment, often inside their food source. Other species are 7189:

Gilead, L.; Mumcuoglu, K. Y.; Ingber, A. (16 August 2013). "The use of maggot debridement therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds in hospitalised and ambulatory patients".

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families. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking, as in the black flies, mosquitoes and robber flies, and for lapping and sucking as in many other groups. Female

424:, dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals. The pupa is a tough capsule from which the adult emerges when ready to do so; flies mostly have short lives as adults. 2979:. Other dipterans are a nuisance to humans, especially when present in large numbers; these include houseflies, which contaminate food and spread food-borne illnesses; the 2599:—their young live and grow within the nests of ants. They are protected from the ants by imitating chemical odours given by ant colony members. Bombyliid bee flies such as 2247:

independent, allowing the fly to turn sideways. The wings of the fly are attached to two kinds of muscles, those used to power it and another set used for fine control.

6429: 381:, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 2178:, and concentration of nerve tissue in the thorax, a feature that is most extreme in the highly derived Muscomorpha infraorder. Some flies such as the ectoparasitic 2128:

at the tip of the abdomen receive information on the suitability of a site for ovipositing. Flies that feed on blood have special sensory structures that can detect

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spines, respiratory features or locomotory paddles. In other groups, described as "coarctate", the appendages are not visible. In these, the outer surface is a

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Becerril-Morales, Felipe; Macías-Ordóñez, Rogelio (2009). "Territorial contests within and between two species of flies (Diptera: Richardiidae) in the wild".

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Flies tend to fly in a straight line then make a rapid change in direction before continuing on a different straight path. The directional changes are called

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Ma, Kevin Y.; Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Fuller, Sawyer B.; Wood, Robert J. (3 May 2013). "Controlled flight of a biologically inspired, insect-scale robot".

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inside the nests of social insects. Some brachycerans are agricultural pests, some bite animals and humans and suck their blood, and some transmit diseases.

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is widespread with many hoverflies resembling bees and wasps, ants and some species of tephritid fruit fly resembling spiders. Some species of hoverfly are

2795:, "Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire", driven mad by the constant pursuit. In 3440: 1086:(twisted-wing flies). Diptera has been grouped with Siphonaptera and Mecoptera in the Antliophora, but this has not been confirmed by molecular studies. 5507:

Dodson, Gary; Yeates, David (1990). "The mating system of a bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae). II. Factors affecting male territorial and mating success".

552:. The possession of a single pair of wings distinguishes most true flies from other insects with "fly" in their names. However, some true flies such as 10421: 2423: 2099:

use knife-like mandibles and maxillae to make a cross-shaped incision in the host's skin and then lap up the blood that flows. The gut includes large

11460: 10363: 10343: 10436: 4819: 2190:. In contrast to the flies, the Strepsiptera bear their halteres on the mesothorax and their flight wings on the metathorax. Each of the fly's six 7225: 11306: 2732:

Egypt, a similar belief persists in some areas to not swat at shiny green flies, as they may be carrying the soul of a recently deceased person.

377:"wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as 10451: 9357: 2429: 6263:

Pie, Marcio R.; Del-Claro, Kleber (2002). "Male-male agonistic behavior and ant-mimicry in a Neotropical richardiid (Diptera: Richardiidae)".

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Brachycera are ecologically very diverse, with many being predatory at the larval stage and some being parasitic. Animals parasitised include

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Flies play a variety of symbolic roles in different cultures. These include both positive and negative roles in religion. In the traditional

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Wiegmann, B. M.; Trautwein, M. D.; Winkler, I. S.; Barr, N. B.; Kim, J.-W.; Lambkin, C.; Bertone, M. A.; Cassel, B. K.; et al. (2011).

10531: 2781:: "Io: Ah! Hah! Again the prick, the stab of gadfly-sting! O earth, earth, hide, the hollow shape—Argus—that evil thing—the hundred-eyed." 990: 2194:

has a typical insect structure of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus, with the tarsus in most instances being subdivided into five

1082:, along with Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Siphonaptera (fleas), Mecoptera (scorpionflies) and possibly 10378: 9540: 3257:

Some authors draw a distinction in writing the common names of insects. True flies are in their view best written as two words, such as

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are short-bodied, round, furry, and distinctly bee-like as they visit flowers for nectar, and are likely also Batesian mimics of bees.

7391: 7337:, pp. 717–786. In: The Division of Entomology. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra (spons.), 6895:

Mulla, Mir S.; Chansang, Uruyakorn (2007). "Pestiferous nature, resting sites, aggregation, and host-seeking behavior of the eye fly

3741: 3361:"The evolutionary history of holometabolous insects inferred from transcriptome-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data" 1924:), with a length of up to 7 cm (2.8 in), is generally considered to be the largest fly in the world, while the smallest is 7289: 4351:

Stireman, John O. (1 September 2002). "Learning in the Generalist Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista Mella Walker (Diptera: Tachinidae)".

2751:, and was thus turned by the angry goddess into a fly, who now always deprives people of their sleep in memory of her past life. In 11280: 2284:(Chloropidae) are known to be dispersed by winds at altitudes of up to 2000 ft and over long distances. Some hover flies like 3030: 11319: 7398: 3946:"Gene Flow Among Geographically Diverse Housefly Populations (Musca domestica L.): A Worldwide Survey of Mitochondrial Diversity" 3065:. A large number of genetic studies have been undertaken based on this species; these have had a profound impact on the study of 2394:. Nematoceran larvae generally have well-developed eyes and antennae, while those of Brachyceran larvae are reduced or modified. 1213: 4214:"Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes" 3201:

activity found in their secretions as they feed. These medicinal maggots are a safe and effective treatment for chronic wounds.

2712:, the dead corpses floating on the waters are compared to flies. Later, the gods are said to swarm "like flies" around the hero 1038:

which were abundant at the time, and dipteran mouthparts are well-adapted to softening and lapping up the crusted residues. The

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Peters, Ralph S.; Meusemann, Karen; Petersen, Malte; Mayer, Christoph; Wilbrandt, Jeanne; Ziesmann, Tanja; et al. (2014).

6680: 6464:) (Wyman and Bailey 1964:29–30, 51, 137–144), are as necessary for the harmonious balance of the universe as is the great Sun. 7438: 7266: 6749: 6722: 6690: 6663: 6574: 6440: 6377: 6179: 5962: 5801: 5772: 5745: 5720: 5705: 5056: 4803: 4648: 4562: 4530: 4435: 3809: 3689: 3571: 3444: 11324: 3093:, techniques that he applied to morphological characters but now adapted for use with molecular sequences in phylogenetics. 11470: 3010:(Empididae) are predators and parasitoids of other insects, helping to control a variety of pests. Many dipterans such as 6787: 2916: 6393:

Eslin, Patrice; Doury, Géraldine (2006). "The fly Drosophila subobscura: A natural case of innate immunity deficiency".

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Marshall, S.A.; Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. (2017). "Natural history of Diptera". In Kirk-Spriggs, A.H.; Sinclair, B.J. (eds.).

1030:. Based on the attraction of many modern fly groups to shiny droplets, it has been suggested that they may have fed on 5908: 5572:

Alcock, John; Schaefer, John E. (1983). "Hilltop territoriality in a Sonoran desert bot fly (Diptera: Cuterebridae)".

2915:(Oestridae) attack livestock, causing wounds, spreading disease, and creating significant economic harm. See article: 6625: 6487: 11417: 11259: 10524: 7074: 2554:

forage underwater, and have special hydrophobic hairs that trap a bubble of air that lets them breathe underwater.

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emissions, and use them to home in on their hosts, Many blood-sucking flies can detect the raised concentration of

1026:(around 140 million years ago), so the original dipterans must have had a different source of nutrition other than 11350: 11272: 10540: 9533: 3825:

Yeates, D. K.; Wiegmann, B. M. (1999). "Congruence and controversy: toward a higher-level phylogeny of diptera".

2636: 2390:. This lack of features is an adaptation to food such as carrion, decaying detritus, or host tissues surrounding 817: 284: 6591: 2521:

Most adult diptera have their mouthparts modified to sponge up fluid. The adults of many species of flies (e.g.

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Pape, Thomas; Beuk, Paul; Pont, Adrian Charles; Shatalkin, Anatole I.; Ozerov, Andrey L.; et al. (2015).

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Eckert, Hendrik (1980). "Functional properties of the H1-neurone in the third optic Ganglion of the Blowfly,

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Mayhew, Peter J. (2007). "Why are there so many insect species? Perspectives from fossils and phylogenies".

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are thought to have occurred based on the fossil record. Many new species of lower Diptera developed in the

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Flies are capable of great manoeuvrability during flight due to the presence of the halteres. These act as

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Meier, Rudolf; Kotrba, Marion; Ferrar, Paul (August 1999). "Ovoviviparity and viviparity in the Diptera".

4666:"On the neuronal basis of figure-ground discrimination by relative motion in the visual system of the fly" 3587:

Downes, William L. Jr.; Dahlem, Gregory A. (1987). "Keys to the Evolution of Diptera: Role of Homoptera".

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Flies have rapid reflexes that aid their escape from predators but their sustained flight speeds are low.

2210:, connected by an elastic membrane. In some females, the sclerites are rolled into a flexible, telescopic 11465: 11189: 11166: 11063: 10517: 2333:

Diptera go through a complete metamorphosis with four distinct life stages – egg, larva, pupa and adult.

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relatives. Flies may have been among the evolutionarily earliest pollinators responsible for early plant

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Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 1. Introductory chapters and keys to Diptera families. Suricata 4

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Yuval, B.; Bouskila, A. (1 March 1993). "Temporal dynamics of mating and predation in mosquito swarms".

3742:"Phylogeny of True Flies (Diptera): A 250 Million Year Old Success Story in Terrestrial Diversification" 2078: 1986:

sp., Chironomidae), hot springs, geysers, saline pools, sulphur pools, septic tanks and even crude oil (

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adapted to hold onto a substrate in flowing water, host tissues or prey. The majority of dipterans are

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Although most flies live and fly close to the ground, a few are known to fly at heights and a few like

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respond in less than 5 milliseconds to camera flashes by taking flight. In the past, the deer bot fly,

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four or five wingbeats, the halteres trigger a counter-turn and the fly heads off in a new direction.

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Diaz-Roa, A.; Gaona, M. A.; Segura, N. A.; Suárez, D.; Patarroyo, M.A.; Bello, F. J. (August 2014). "

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Dipterans are an important group of insects and have a considerable impact on the environment. Some

2777:, who has been transformed into a cow and is watched constantly by the hundred eyes of the herdsman 2198:. At the tip of the limb is a pair of claws, and between these are cushion-like structures known as 1957:

depend on flies. It is thought that some of the earliest pollinators of plants may have been flies.

203: 11008: 11003: 9509: 4253:"Artocarpus (Moraceae)-Gall Midge Pollination Mutualism Mediated by a Male-Flower Parasitic Fungus" 2563: 2529: 3057:

in research because of the ease with which it can be bred and reared in the laboratory, its small

2627:, leading to an inability to defend against parasitic attacks, a form of innate immunodeficiency. 10910: 10887: 10800: 6651: 3502: 3049: 3036: 2438: 2034: 2021:

Flies are adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies. The first

1972: 35: 6997:"The use of insects in forensic investigations: An overview on the scope of forensic entomology" 6369: 5209:"Faster than a flash: The fastest visual startle reflex response is found in a long-legged fly, 3345: 2805:

to that of a cow chased by a gadfly. More recently, in 1962 the biologist Vincent Dethier wrote

11386: 11106: 10975: 9552: 8688: 6477: 4955: 3892: 1926: 1051: 924: 181: 46: 6942: 6739: 6712: 6232:"Do hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) sound like the Hymenoptera they morphologically resemble?" 5131:

Dickinson, Michael H; Tu, Michael S (1 March 1997). "The function of dipteran flight muscle".

5046: 4520: 4425: 3749: 3410: 11381: 11068: 10960: 10750: 10745: 10596: 6564: 5762: 3799: 2936: 2832: 2610: 2347: 2048: 2016: 337: 160: 11373: 11311: 6655: 6205: 3157:, and as food for carnivorous animals (kept as pets, in zoos, or for research) such as some 2272:, was claimed to be one of the fastest insects on the basis of an estimate made visually by 737: 667: 11228: 11153: 10915: 10709: 10696: 7402: 7047: 6830: 6114: 6034: 5616: 5292: 5085: 4880:

Zhu, Junwei J.; Zhang, Qing-he; Taylor, David B.; Friesen, Kristina A. (1 September 2016).

4059: 3632: 2797: 2748: 2676: 2397:

Dipteran larvae have no jointed, "true legs", but some dipteran larvae, such as species of

1970:(Phoridae) are almost omnivorous and consume such substances as paint and shoe polish. The 1031: 39: 4329: 2033:(the labrum, labium, mandible, and maxilla make up the mouthparts). The second tagma, the 8: 11073: 11018: 10900: 10785: 10770: 10654: 6103:"Superhydrophobic diving flies ( Ephydra hians ) and the hypersaline waters of Mono Lake" 4665: 3335: 3100: 2879: 2782: 2359: 2299: 2259: 1988: 1904: 476: 431:

and human importance. Flies are important pollinators, second only to the bees and their

402: 7494: 7154:(Diptera: Calliphoridae) excretions and secretions have potent antibacterial activity". 6981: 6834: 6118: 6038: 5679: 5620: 5296: 5089: 4410: 4063: 3636: 2136:

that occurs near large animals. Some tachinid flies (Ormiinae) which are parasitoids of

1976:

fly are considered generalists and parasitoids of a variety of hosts. The larvae of the

10591: 10461: 9976: 9181: 7749: 7023: 6996: 6924: 6854: 6362: 6342: 6280: 6145: 6102: 6063: 6022: 6003: 5999: 5968: 5875: 5834: 5830: 5790: 5648: 5589: 5524: 5489: 5450: 5446: 5411: 5339: 5265: 5234: 5189: 5108: 5073: 5022: 5009: 4989: 4937: 4862: 4813: 4773: 4729: 4720: 4704: 4685: 4604: 4595: 4580:"Dendro-dendritic interactions between motion-sensitive large-field neurons in the fly" 4579: 4477: 4452: 4376: 4282: 4161: 4118: 4083: 3921: 3894: 3655: 3618: 3531: 3506: 3483: 3387: 3360: 3339: 2840: 2728:

beads were often worn in ancient Mesopotamia, along with other kinds of fly-jewellery.

2568: 2317: 1980:(Ephydridae) and some Chironomidae survive in extreme environments including glaciers ( 1966: 1208: 1099: 198: 188: 7167: 7048:"Roasted maggots (Dipteran larvae) as a dietary protein source for laboratory animals" 5585: 5144: 3103:. Maggot species can be identified by their anatomical features and by matching their 3085:

and development among other research topics. The studies on dipteran relationships by

2843:, as a fly might see them. Flies have inspired the design of miniature flying robots. 2663: 320: 11368: 11215: 11144: 10795: 10765: 10714: 10704: 10679: 10613: 10411: 8034: 7368: 7206: 7171: 7128: 7028: 6916: 6846: 6745: 6718: 6686: 6659: 6621: 6570: 6493: 6483: 6410: 6373: 6175: 6150: 6132: 6068: 6050: 5958: 5797: 5768: 5741: 5734: 5701: 5640: 5632: 5308: 5181: 5113: 5052: 5027: 4901: 4854: 4799: 4734: 4689: 4644: 4609: 4558: 4526: 4482: 4431: 4368: 4333: 4290: 4233: 4075: 3967: 3926: 3842: 3805: 3685: 3660: 3567: 3536: 3475: 3471: 3392: 3282: 2072: 2030: 2026: 1150: 1043: 484: 333: 7375:(Collection of biological and systematic studies on Diptera of the World). 11 vols. 6928: 6858: 6284: 6021:

Gomes, Guilherme; Köberle, Roland; Von Zuben, Claudio J.; Andrade, Denis V. (2018).

6007: 5972: 5879: 5838: 5652: 5593: 5528: 5493: 5468:

Wellington, W. G.; Fitzpatrick, Sheila M. (2012). "Territoriality in the Drone Fly,

5454: 5238: 4941: 4918: 4866: 4777: 4380: 4165: 4122: 4087: 2437:(as well as other Glossinidae, Hippoboscidae, Nycteribidae and Streblidae) exhibits 2111:

scene itself, such as separating figures from the ground using motion parallax. The

875: 10965: 10847: 10740: 10735: 10601: 10353: 10204: 9890: 9409: 9315: 9298: 9176: 8618: 8221: 7978: 7889: 7240: 7198: 7163: 7018: 7008: 6977: 6908: 6838: 6402: 6311: 6272: 6243: 6140: 6122: 6058: 6042: 5995: 5950: 5865: 5826: 5675: 5624: 5581: 5554: 5516: 5481: 5442: 5403: 5370: 5300: 5224: 5193: 5171: 5140: 5103: 5093: 5017: 5001: 4929: 4893: 4881: 4846: 4765: 4724: 4716: 4677: 4636: 4599: 4591: 4472: 4464: 4406: 4360: 4325: 4274: 4264: 4225: 4192: 4153: 4145: 4110: 4067: 3957: 3916: 3906: 3834: 3780: 3650: 3640: 3596: 3526: 3518: 3487: 3467: 3382: 3372: 3234:

Flies are a health hazard and are attracted to toilets because of their smell. The

2892: 2844: 2802: 2753: 2740: 2592: 2538: 2353: 1954: 1916: 1894: 1332: 799: 167: 10509: 6511: 5390:

Johnson, C.G.; Taylor, L.R.; T.R.E. Southwood (1962). "High altitude migration of

4114: 3838: 2342:

to have thin cuticles and become desiccated if exposed to the air. Apart from the

2288:

have been known to undertake long flights in response to aphid population spurts.

1704: 11220: 10497: 10431: 10348: 10338: 10315: 9882: 9026: 9021: 8886: 8785: 8734: 8571: 8252: 8117: 7943: 7935: 7757: 7716: 7442: 7434: 6645: 6617: 6611: 6169: 4640: 4453:"Haltere–mediated equilibrium reflexes of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster" 3679: 3146: 3066: 2980: 2972: 2821: 2786: 2650: 2601: 2574: 2451: 2124: 2064: 2022: 1910: 1360: 1019: 1014:(around 240 million years ago), and they became widespread during the Middle and 1011: 903: 464: 359: 11337: 11158: 10275: 7476: 7373:

Diptera: recueil d'etudes biologiques et systematiques sur les Dipteres du Globe

5304: 4457:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences

4309: 4229: 4149: 2994:

Many dipterans serve roles that are useful to humans. Houseflies, blowflies and

11445: 11267: 11254: 11171: 11091: 10982: 10955: 10881: 10755: 10639: 10572: 10490: 10446: 10441: 10426: 10373: 9307: 9233: 9147: 9084: 9000: 8935: 8917: 8902: 8808: 8803: 8652: 8430: 8351: 8307: 8268: 8042: 7961: 7902: 7897: 7765: 7663: 7358: 7323: 7202: 6799: 6046: 4197: 4180: 3784: 3286: 3218: 3213: 3174: 3054: 2995: 2778: 2774: 2596: 2579: 2133: 1665: 1611: 1430: 1264: 1074: 611: 512: 452: 444: 6995:

Joseph, Isaac; Mathew, Deepu G.; Sathyan, Pradeesh; Vargheese, Geetha (2011).

6767: 6406: 6276: 5954: 4933: 4628: 4364: 3962: 3507:"Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics" 1073:

The phylogenetic position of Diptera has been controversial. The monophyly of

11439: 11038: 10583: 10401: 10393: 9619: 9611: 9448: 9440: 9431: 9323: 9257: 9249: 9202: 9168: 8984: 8940: 8845: 8837: 8759: 8749: 8693: 8665: 8555: 8414: 8367: 8336: 8088: 8080: 7991: 7871: 7863: 7791: 7773: 7692: 7319: 6741:

Shakespeare and the Classical Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, 1961–1991

6230:

Rashed, A.; Khan, M. I.; Dawson, J. W.; Yack, J. E.; Sherratt, T. N. (2008).

6136: 6054: 5636: 5558: 4990:"Adhesion Forces Measured at the Level of a Terminal Plate of the Fly's Seta" 4833:

Stocker, Reinhard F. (2005). "The organization of the chemosensory system in

4372: 3704:

B.B. Rohdendorf. 1964. Trans. Inst. Paleont., Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow, v. 100

3555: 3437:

Diptera: Keds, flat-flies & bat-flies (Hippoboscidae & Nycteribiidae)

3236: 3198: 3189: 3142: 2991:) which visit the eye in search of fluids can be a nuisance in some seasons. 2976: 2959: 2849: 2813: 2809:, introducing the general reader to the behaviour and physiology of the fly. 2621:, lacks a category of hemocytes that are present in other studied species of 2550: 2510: 2427:(Anthomyiidae) the larva moults to the second instar before hatching, and in 2418: 2406: 2391: 2236: 2223: 2191: 2179: 2137: 2120: 2082:

A head of a fly, showing the two compound eyes and three simple eyes clearly.

1236: 1108: 1047: 1015: 688: 634: 601: 553: 496: 420:, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching larvae instead of eggs on 417: 413: 366: 95: 7013: 6842: 6329:

Akre, Roger D.; Garnett, William B.; Zack, Richard S. (1990). "Ant hosts of

6315: 6248: 6231: 6127: 6090:. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. pp. 135–152. 5098: 4136:

Labandeira, Conrad C. (3 April 1998). "How Old Is the Flower and the Fly?".

3797: 3645: 3377: 11129: 10970: 10935: 10859: 10629: 10333: 10106: 10083: 10075: 10017: 9972: 9804: 9747: 9576: 9479: 9471: 9462: 9404: 9365: 9348: 9223: 9123: 9060: 8968: 8945: 8876: 8821: 8798: 8754: 8744: 8739: 8729: 8708: 8623: 8584: 8547: 8517: 8475: 8454: 8422: 8323: 8273: 8071: 7970: 7881: 7829: 7821: 7724: 7700: 7638: 7580: 7344: 7294: 7210: 7175: 7032: 6920: 6850: 6414: 6154: 6072: 5912: 5644: 5312: 5185: 5176: 5159: 5117: 5031: 5005: 4905: 4738: 4613: 4486: 4468: 4337: 4294: 4237: 4079: 3971: 3930: 3846: 3664: 3540: 3522: 3479: 3396: 3277:

and dragon-fly are widely used. Exceptions to this rule occur, such as the

3150: 3086: 3082: 2999: 2964: 2904: 2725: 2459: 2327: 2322: 2187: 2174:. A further adaptation for flight is the reduction in number of the neural 2100: 2087: 2068: 1859: 1699: 1506: 1381: 1171: 1083: 1003: 999: 919: 753: 719: 621: 570: 541: 529: 504: 488: 472: 468: 409: 341: 325: 302: 174: 7505: 7482: 7244: 6566:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

4858: 3600: 2350:

in the larva and pupa do not have any internal mechanical closing device.

1241: 11293: 11181: 11138: 11033: 10864: 10835: 10760: 10730: 10684: 10634: 10456: 10388: 10320: 10221: 10122: 10052: 9903: 9841: 9717: 9396: 9375: 9106: 9089: 9065: 9052: 8976: 8955: 8868: 8860: 8850: 8793: 8764: 8724: 8698: 8589: 8563: 8508: 8392: 8359: 8302: 8239: 8196: 8050: 8009: 8001: 7983: 7876: 7858: 7671: 7459: 5389: 5229: 5208: 3223: 3194: 3019: 2988: 2954: 2932: 2900: 2896: 2824: 2713: 2448: 2268: 2159: 2096: 2041:, which help to balance the insect during flight. The third tagma is the 1877: 1871: 1853: 1644: 1598: 1588: 1417: 1104: 1079: 1063: 1039: 833: 812: 662: 588: 583: 549: 545: 533: 508: 436: 432: 390: 386: 265: 70: 6346: 5854:"Why grow up? A perspective on insect strategies to avoid metamorphosis" 5485: 5375: 5358: 5343: 5269: 5048:

Arthropod Collection and Identification: Laboratory and Field Techniques

3911: 3586: 2103:, allowing the insect to store small quantities of liquid after a meal. 1930:, which at 0.4 mm (0.016 in) is smaller than a grain of salt. 10810: 10805: 10662: 10577: 10406: 10130: 9940: 9849: 9833: 9817: 9645: 9388: 9331: 9265: 9241: 9215: 9160: 8992: 8963: 8930: 8907: 8829: 8716: 8683: 8670: 8644: 8579: 8467: 8294: 8281: 8226: 8176: 8133: 8125: 7842: 7808: 7800: 7647: 7620: 7612: 7596: 7464: 5628: 5520: 5013: 4850: 4769: 4681: 4286: 4278: 4071: 3262: 3209: 3181: 3130: 3122: 3108: 3090: 3078: 3015: 3003: 2968: 2950: 2873: 2828: 2736: 2709: 2684: 2623: 2617: 2455: 2434: 2398: 2383: 2379: 2343: 2304: 2243: 2211: 2183: 2171: 2163: 2107: 1993: 1977: 1865: 1831: 1660: 1570: 1493: 1488: 1475: 1365: 1311: 1297: 1292: 1120: 1116: 1094: 1023: 995: 732: 683: 492: 480: 440: 428: 394: 311: 298: 115: 80: 5870: 5853: 4988:

Langer, Mattias G.; Ruppersberg, J. Peter; Gorb, Stanislav N. (2004).

4157: 2646: 2228: 1337: 11298: 11241: 11028: 10644: 10368: 10212: 10172: 10147: 10000: 9911: 9870: 9857: 9688: 9675: 9570: 9414: 9370: 9207: 9197: 9131: 9115: 9039: 9031: 9013: 8925: 8912: 8894: 8881: 8660: 8610: 8597: 8534: 8526: 8438: 8341: 8328: 8315: 8260: 8205: 8141: 8101: 7910: 7708: 7568: 7556: 7448: 7267:"A Desperate Search for Casu Marzu, Sardinia's Illegal Maggot Cheese" 5160:"The initiation and control of rapid flight maneuvers in fruit flies" 3274: 3258: 3062: 3011: 3007: 2941: 2928: 2908: 2791: 2762: 2758: 2717: 2680: 2523: 2414: 2402: 2293: 2232: 2195: 2148: 2112: 2004: 2001: 1950: 1942: 1921: 1639: 1616: 1542: 1457: 1386: 1176: 1089: 1067: 1062:, some 180 million years ago. A third radiation took place among the 1058:, about 220 million years ago. Many lower Brachycera appeared in the 1035: 898: 838: 789: 560: 537: 306: 255: 235: 215: 120: 64: 11207: 11100: 7351:. 4 (2) (31):1–337. General introduction with key to World Families 7318:

Blagoderov, V.A., Lukashevich, E.D. & Mostovski, M.B. (2002)). "

5415: 5072:

Deora, Tanvi; Singh, Amit Kumar; Sane, Sanjay P. (3 February 2015).

4897: 4269: 4252: 4213: 3945: 3309: 3118: 2801:, Shakespeare similarly likens Cleopatra's hasty departure from the 1434: 758: 495:

cause significant economic harm to cattle. Blowfly larvae, known as

11285: 11246: 11202: 11123: 10925: 10830: 10672: 10667: 10416: 10325: 10114: 9984: 9776: 9582: 9139: 9047: 8772: 8675: 8631: 8483: 8446: 8231: 8213: 7679: 7574: 7454: 6874:"Jurassic Park ruled out – dinosaur DNA could not survive in amber" 6475: 5666:

Downes, J. A. (1969). "The swarming and mating flight of Diptera".

3278: 3270: 3205: 3126: 3112: 3074: 3041: 2984: 2924: 2912: 2836: 2544: 2509:

As ubiquitous insects, dipterans play an important role at various

2476: 2378:

Some other anatomical distinction exists between the larvae of the

2207: 2199: 2167: 2129: 2038: 1938: 1934: 1059: 1055: 448: 398: 378: 345: 280: 154: 133: 110: 105: 90: 85: 75: 5736:

The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles

4212:

Scheffer, Sonja J.; Winkler, Isaac S.; Wiegmann, Brian M. (2007).

3859: 3061:, and the fact that many of its genes have counterparts in higher 2857:

could be preserved in the stomach contents of a blood-sucking fly

2587:

spiders are among the predators of flies. Many flies have evolved

2143: 1547: 10920: 10876: 10842: 10820: 10775: 9755: 9636: 8405: 7655: 7392:"Sources for the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera (Flies)" 5760: 5429:

Svensson, BO G.; Janzon, Lars-ÅKE (1984). "Why does the hoverfly

5407: 3715: 3266: 3166: 3154: 2946: 2920: 2884: 2699: 2588: 2251: 2175: 2152: 2042: 1997: 1982: 1575: 1519: 532:, insects that undergo radical metamorphosis. They belong to the 456: 421: 382: 125: 100: 30:

This article is about the insect. For the process of flying, see

9518: 6593:

The Symbolism and Significance of the Butterfly in Ancient Egypt

6497: 6085: 5256:

mechanism and the Daylight-Day circuit of the Earth by flight".

4794:

Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).

3554:

Blagoderov, V. A.; Lukashevich, E. D.; Mostovski, M. B. (2002).

2903:(Cecidomyiidae) are pests of agricultural crops; others such as 2140:, have sound receptors to help them locate their singing hosts. 1462: 1269: 639: 10854: 10555: 10544: 10092: 9992: 9919: 9825: 9734: 9726: 9564: 9549: 9189: 8247: 7562: 7550: 6641: 5909:"Crampton, G. The TemporalAbdominal Structures of Male Diptera" 5074:"Biomechanical basis of wing and haltere coordination in flies" 4705:"Performance of fly visual interneurons during object fixation" 3677: 3158: 3096: 3058: 2858: 2744: 2721: 2695: 2672: 2501: 2410: 2387: 2367: 2091: 2053: 1946: 1027: 985: 500: 460: 355: 245: 225: 31: 11086: 10485: 5544: 4518: 4018:"World's Tiniest Fly May Decapitate Ants, Live in Their Heads" 3553: 427:

Diptera is one of the major insect orders and of considerable

144: 11404: 10825: 4967: 4631:. In Stavenga, Doekele Gerben; Hardie, Roger Clayton (eds.). 2862: 2704: 2691: 2364: 11233: 7430:

The Diptera.info portal with galleries and discussion forums

7133:

Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meeting

7052:

African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology

6994: 6020: 5947:

The World Oestridae (Diptera), Mammals and Continental Drift

3861: 3616: 3358: 2683:

is a demonic fly, the "Lord of the Flies", and a god of the

2630: 2488:

occurs during the pupal stage. This torsion may lead to the

1889: 10869: 10180: 6820: 5934:

Sex with a twist in the tail: The common-or-garden housefly

4557:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 493–499. 3770: 3623: 3170: 3162: 2770: 2766: 2489: 2471: 2371: 2090:

on the sides of the head, and in most species, three small

1115:

Diptera were traditionally broken down into two suborders,

7429: 6682:

Murder among Friends: Violation of Philia in Greek Tragedy

5695: 5133:

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology

4423: 2998:(Mycetophilidae) are scavengers and aid in decomposition. 2865:, though the mechanism has been discounted by scientists. 401:

and others, although only about 125,000 species have been

7149: 6913:

10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[292:pnrsaa]2.0.co;2

4882:"Visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping" 4392: 4390: 4100: 3798:

Pape, Thomas; Bickel, Daniel John; Meier, Rudolf (2009).

3714:

Wiegmann, Brian M.; Yeates, David K. (29 November 2007).

3500: 3104: 2854: 329: 6685:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 47. 4251:

Sakai, Shoko; Kato, Makoto; Nagamasu, Hidetoshi (2000).

2757:, which is attributed to the Athenian tragic playwright 2000:

and the larvae adopt diverse lifestyles including being

328:

species showing characteristic dipteran features: large

6482:. Anthropology Series. University of New Mexico Press. 4629:"Neural Mechanisms of Visual Course Control in Insects" 4211: 10133:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions) 7071:"How insects could feed the food industry of tomorrow" 5985: 5283:

Langmuir, Irving (1938). "The speed of the deer fly".

4387: 3505:; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). 507:, as food for carnivorous animals, and in medicine in 7188: 5467: 4987: 4879: 4042:

Strijbosch, H. (1980). "Mortality in a population of

2151:, showing the hind wings reduced to drumstick-shaped 499:, and other dipteran larvae, known more generally as 6640: 6229: 2820:

Flies appear in popular culture in concepts such as

10539: 6717:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 205–208. 5852:Mcmahon, Dino P.; Hayward, Alexander (April 2016). 4553:Hoell, H. V.; Doyen, J. T.; Purcell, A. H. (1998). 3441:

Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects

2883:mosquito drinking human blood. The species carries 2675:religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being. In 2548:are known to steal food carried by ants. Adults of 483:, commensal with humans all over the world, spread 7401:, Systematic Entomology Laboratory. Archived from 7126: 6766: 6361: 6297: 6100: 5789: 5733: 3740:Yeates, David K.; Meier, Rudolf; Wiegmann, Brian. 7934: 7748: 6968:Ashlock, P. D. (1974). "The Uses of Cladistics". 6558: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6101:van Breug, Floris; Dickinson, Michael H. (2017). 5816: 5725: 5698:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 3rd Edition 4552: 4250: 3748:. Illinois Natural History Survey. Archived from 523: 11437: 8033: 7290:"Illegal food: step away from the cheese, ma'am" 6364:Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology 6333:(Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Pacific Northwest". 6198:The evolution of imperfect mimicry in hoverflies 6023:"Droplet bubbling evaporatively cools a blowfly" 4793: 4702: 3558:. In Rasnitsyn, A. P.; Quicke, D. L. J. (eds.). 2747:by attempting to seduce her lover, the sleeping 2690:Flies have appeared in literature since ancient 556:(louse flies) have become secondarily wingless. 8449:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies) 6328: 6107:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5078:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3987:"World's Biggest Fly Faces Two New Challengers" 3801:Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools 3739: 3612: 3610: 408:Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large 7986:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges) 7045: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6545: 6476:Leland Clifton Wyman; Flora L. Bailey (1964). 6304:Annals of the Entomological Society of America 5851: 5571: 5428: 5071: 4626: 4444: 3944:Marquez, J. G.; Krafsur, E. S. (1 July 2002). 3943: 3824: 3713: 3129:sheep milk cheese that contains larvae of the 2694:. In a Sumerian poem, a fly helps the goddess 2417:and lay batches of eggs, but some species are 2086:Flies have a mobile head with a pair of large 10525: 9970: 9534: 9439: 9306: 7960: 7521: 7127:Stegman, Sylvia; Steenvoorde, Pascal (2011). 7101:. All About Feed. August 2014. Archived from 7096:"Why are insects not allowed in animal feed?" 6894: 6609: 5606: 5540: 5538: 5332:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 5258:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 4397:Foote, B A (1995). "Biology of Shore Flies". 4181:"Adaptive radiation of gall-inducing insects" 3860:Wiegmann, Brian M.; Yeates, David K. (2007). 3853: 3619:"Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life" 2935:(Psychodidae) impact human health, acting as 2311: 9470: 7790: 7611: 6569:. The British Museum Press. pp. 84–85. 6265:Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 6262: 5761:Lancaster, Jill; Downes, Barbara J. (2013). 5506: 4818:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4745: 4571: 4555:Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity 3607: 3328: 2987:(Muscidae). In tropical regions, eye flies ( 2708:demons. In the Mesopotamian versions of the 2557: 1010:The first true dipterans known are from the 986:Relationships between subgroups and families 45:"Flies" redirects here. For other uses, see 9802: 9610: 8070: 7637: 7535: 7333:Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. (1991). 6731: 6699: 6514:. Native Languages of the Americas website. 6353: 6335:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 5700:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 499–505. 5130: 5045:Gibb, Timothy J.; Oseto, Christian (2010). 3684:. Columbia University Press. pp. 4–6. 3556:"Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies" 2739:, a very chatty and talkative maiden named 10532: 10518: 9716: 9541: 9527: 8195: 7528: 7514: 6562: 6395:Developmental & Comparative Immunology 6392: 5535: 4789: 4787: 4703:Kimmerle, Bernd; Egelhaaf, Martin (2000). 4135: 4041: 3678:Wiegmann, Brian; Yeates, David K. (2012). 3451: 3149:) are bred commercially; they are sold as 3040:fruit fly larvae being bred in tubes in a 2025:of the fly, the head, bears the eyes, the 143: 7264: 7223: 7022: 7012: 6247: 6144: 6126: 6062: 5897:(3 ed.). Springer. pp. 614–615. 5869: 5796:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5754: 5691: 5689: 5374: 5356: 5326:Townsend, Charles H.T. (1939). "Speed of 5228: 5175: 5157: 5107: 5097: 5065: 5044: 5021: 4728: 4603: 4577: 4519:Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). 4476: 4450: 4417: 4268: 4196: 3961: 3920: 3910: 3654: 3644: 3530: 3386: 3376: 2939:of major tropical diseases. Among these, 2743:(meaning "fly") enraged the moon-goddess 2631:Human interaction and cultural depictions 2010: 518: 11461:Extant Middle Triassic first appearances 10262:Four most speciose orders are marked in 9852:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts) 6970:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6678: 5944: 5325: 5282: 5251: 5206: 4663: 4627:Hausen, Klaus; Egelhaaf, Martin (1989). 4578:Haag, Juergen; Borst, Alexander (2002). 4350: 3791: 3334: 3117: 3029: 2872: 2645: 2567: 2500: 2352: 2321: 2227: 2142: 2077: 2058: 1888: 1088: 989: 319: 9171:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles) 8174: 7594: 7399:United States Department of Agriculture 7068: 7046:Ogunleye, R. F.; Edward, J. B. (2005). 6967: 6764: 6710: 6359: 6194: 6167: 6161: 5892: 5787: 5767:. Oxford University Press. p. 16. 5252:Townsend, Charles H.T. (1927). "On the 4832: 4784: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3053:, a fruit fly, has long been used as a 563:represents the current consensus view. 14: 11438: 10816:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 8404: 7287: 6737: 6563:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). 6368:. Princeton University Press. p. 5686: 5665: 4798:. Cengage Learning. pp. 735–736. 4751: 4430:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 320. 4307: 3895:"Fauna Europaea: Diptera – Brachycera" 3511:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 3457: 3434: 2868: 11105: 11104: 10513: 10300: 9595: 9522: 8173: 7593: 7509: 6899:(Diptera: Chloropidae) in Thailand". 6744:. Taylor & Francis. p. 363. 6427: 5792:The Insects; Structure & Function 5731: 5696:Gullan, P.J.; Cranston, P.S. (2005). 4427:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 4424:Gullan, P.J.; Cranston, P.S. (2009). 4396: 4330:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093415 4310:"Natural History of the Scuttle Fly, 4218:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4178: 4015: 3445:Royal Entomological Society of London 1996:(Syrphidae) are well known for their 11410:95010EA3-1EA4-2194-6DC6-C6B7FD9EB759 11361:0441df7d-4b0f-4271-b0b9-75c7789ee555 11273:27be1201-53d6-4518-8656-a0ed1af676e8 10125:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) 7451:– The Society for the study of flies 7425:The Systema Dipterorum Database site 6871: 6777: 5038: 4539: 4525:. Academic Press. pp. 284–297. 4493: 3984: 3879: 3241:particularly if the door is closed. 2899:(Tephritidae and Drosophilidae) and 1848:Abbreviations used in the cladogram: 1174:(mosquitoes, blackflies and midges) 1153:(phantom and primitive crane-flies) 7460:The World Catalog of Fossil Diptera 7001:Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences 6982:10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.000501 6872:Gray, Richard (12 September 2013). 6460:) and Ripener (Corn Beetle) Girl (' 5680:10.1146/annurev.en.14.010169.001415 5164:Integrative and Comparative Biology 4411:10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002221 3707: 3494: 3184:tool for wound care and treatment. 2917:Parasitic flies of domestic animals 2839:name suggests that events are seen 2458:have larvae that can produce eggs ( 24: 8634:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies) 7377:Part of Encyclopedie Entomologique 7312: 7265:Colangelo, Matt (9 October 2015). 6610:Forbes Irving, Paul M. C. (1990). 6589: 6437:Handbook of North American Indians 6000:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1992.tb01193.x 5831:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00186.x 5447:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1984.tb00856.x 4994:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4721:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06256.2000 4596:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03227.2002 3077:. Other studies have investigated 2773:pursues and torments his mistress 2106:For visual course control, flies' 365:, the name being derived from the 25: 11497: 11481:Triassic animals of South America 11476:Triassic animals of North America 9548: 7413: 7168:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.018 6711:Stagman, Myron (11 August 2010). 4796:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition 4758:Journal of Comparative Physiology 3681:The Evolutionary Biology of Flies 2123:that detect smell and taste, and 152:Diptera from different families: 11085: 10484: 9635: 7281: 7258: 7217: 7182: 7143: 7120: 7088: 7075:British Broadcasting Corporation 7062: 7039: 6988: 6961: 6935: 6888: 6865: 6814: 6792: 6758: 6714:Shakespeare's Greek Drama Secret 3985:Owen, James (10 December 2015). 3472:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00018.x 3141:Some species of maggots such as 2923:in humans. Still others such as 2533:) that feed on liquid food will 2170:, or reduced hind wings, on the 1898:is the largest fly in the world. 1703: 1664: 1643: 1615: 1574: 1546: 1492: 1461: 1433: 1385: 1384:(horse flies, snipe flies, etc) 1364: 1336: 1296: 1268: 1240: 1212: 1175: 1154: 923: 902: 874: 837: 816: 757: 736: 687: 666: 638: 587: 447:in research, but less benignly, 344:, hindwings reduced to clublike 202: 68: 6679:Belfiore, Elizabeth S. (2000). 6672: 6634: 6603: 6583: 6536: 6527: 6518: 6512:"Native American Fly Mythology" 6504: 6469: 6421: 6386: 6322: 6291: 6256: 6223: 6188: 6094: 6079: 6014: 5979: 5938: 5927: 5901: 5886: 5845: 5810: 5781: 5714: 5659: 5600: 5565: 5500: 5461: 5422: 5383: 5350: 5319: 5276: 5245: 5200: 5151: 5124: 5051:. Academic Press. p. 189. 4981: 4948: 4912: 4873: 4826: 4696: 4657: 4620: 4344: 4301: 4244: 4205: 4172: 4129: 4094: 4035: 4016:Welsh, Jennifer (2 July 2012). 4009: 3978: 3937: 3818: 3764: 3733: 3698: 3671: 3580: 3411:"Taxon: Superorder Antliophora" 3344:. Comstock Publishing. p. 3281:, which is a true fly, and the 3099:found on corpses are useful to 2724:, the god of death. Fly-shaped 2637:Human interactions with insects 2119:Like other insects, flies have 1663:(blow flies, flesh flies, etc) 1642:(house flies, dung flies, etc) 1460:(robber flies, bee flies, etc) 1267:(drain flies, sand flies, etc) 10931:Home-stored product entomology 7501:Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator 7288:Brones, Anna (15 April 2013). 6943:"Why use the fly in research?" 6428:Wyman, Leland Clifton (1983). 5158:Dickinson, Michael H. (2005). 4451:Dickinson, Michael H. (1999). 3547: 3428: 3403: 3352: 3302: 3251: 3008:dagger flies and balloon flies 2615:a species of fly in the genus 2158:Diptera have one pair of fore 2052:, which is a fly but mimics a 586:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) 524:Relationships to other insects 13: 1: 11014:Decline in insect populations 10607:List of insect-inspired songs 10055:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) 8318:(dagger flies, balloon flies) 7341:. Melbourne University Press. 6479:Navaho Indian Ethnoentomology 6439:. p. 539. Archived from 5586:10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80074-8 5145:10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00162-4 4115:10.1080/14888386.2008.9712892 3839:10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.397 3341:An Introduction to Entomology 3296: 3212:is exposed to flies known as 3089:helped in the development of 2785:, inspired by Aeschylus, has 2716:'s offering. Flies appear on 2444:Lundstroemia parthenogenetica 2291:Males of fly species such as 1097:in Dominican amber. Sandfly, 10003:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs) 7435:FLYTREE – dipteran phylogeny 7363:The Natural History of Flies 7129:"Maggot debridement therapy" 7069:Fleming, Nic (4 June 2014). 6773:. San Francisco: Holden-Day. 6765:Dethier, Vincent G. (1962). 6613:Metamorphosis in Greek Myths 5394:L. (Diptera: Chloropidae)". 4641:10.1007/978-3-642-74082-4_18 3180:Fly larvae can be used as a 2641: 2447:(Chironomidae) reproduce by 1884: 7: 11471:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 10301: 9510:List of families of Diptera 9142:(house flies, stable flies) 6738:Walker, John Lewis (2002). 6171:What eats flies for dinner? 5668:Annual Review of Entomology 5305:10.1126/science.87.2254.233 4709:The Journal of Neuroscience 4584:The Journal of Neuroscience 4399:Annual Review of Entomology 4318:Annual Review of Entomology 4230:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.018 4150:10.1126/science.280.5360.57 3827:Annual Review of Entomology 2985:houseflies and stable flies 2981:biting midges and sandflies 2591:that aid their protection. 2116:the approach of an object. 1042:in the Diptera include the 342:single pair of flying wings 10: 11502: 11044:Pesticide toxicity to bees 11024:List of endangered insects 10193:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies) 10086:(twisted-winged parasites) 9758:(dragonflies, damselflies) 9596: 7913:(dark-winged fungus gnats) 7905:(long-winged fungus gnats) 7892:(long-beaked fungus gnats) 7347:. "Diptera (Zweifluger)". 7203:10.12968/jowc.2012.21.2.78 7152:Sarconesiopsis magellanica 6647:Lucian: Selected Dialogues 6430:"Navajo Ceremonial System" 6360:Godfray, H. C. J. (1994). 6047:10.1038/s41598-018-23670-2 5721:Manual of Nearctic Diptera 5509:Journal of Insect Behavior 4353:Journal of Insect Behavior 4257:American Journal of Botany 4198:10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.002 3785:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.27 3564:Kluwer Academic Publishers 3229: 3186:Maggot debridement therapy 3071:gene regulatory mechanisms 2983:(Ceratopogonidae) and the 2634: 2561: 2496: 2315: 2312:Life cycle and development 2221: 2014: 192:(Asilidae) (bottom right) 185:(Syrphidae) (bottom left) 44: 29: 11456:Anisian first appearances 11451:Diptera by classification 11113: 11082: 11054: 10996: 10948: 10899: 10784: 10723: 10695: 10653: 10622: 10565: 10551: 10478: 10311: 10307: 10296: 10258: 10203: 10161: 10146: 10105: 10074: 10065: 10047: 10016: 9966: 9939: 9902: 9869: 9813: 9798: 9775: 9746: 9725: 9712: 9687: 9671: 9644: 9633: 9606: 9602: 9591: 9559: 9507: 9461: 9430: 9387: 9356: 9347: 9297: 9293: 9232: 9159: 9114: 9105: 9077: 9012: 8987:(vinegar and fruit flies) 8954: 8897:(lekking, or druid flies) 8859: 8820: 8784: 8707: 8643: 8609: 8546: 8525: 8516: 8507: 8503: 8466: 8413: 8400: 8391: 8350: 8293: 8204: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8169: 8120:(long-bodied crane flies) 8100: 8079: 8066: 8029: 8000: 7969: 7956: 7930: 7841: 7820: 7799: 7786: 7744: 7691: 7646: 7633: 7607: 7603: 7589: 7545: 6901:Journal of Vector Ecology 6644:; C. D. N. Costa (2005). 6407:10.1016/j.dci.2006.02.007 6277:10.1076/snfe.37.1.19.2114 6195:Gilbert, Francis (2004). 5955:10.1007/978-94-010-1306-2 5474:The Canadian Entomologist 5396:Journal of Animal Ecology 5207:Sourakov, Andrei (2011). 4934:10.1007/s00435-007-0043-3 4664:Egelhaaf, Martin (1985). 4185:Basic and Applied Ecology 3899:Biodiversity Data Journal 2558:Anti-predator adaptations 2357:Life cycle of stable fly 2217: 1827: 1697: 1658: 1637: 1630: 1609: 1602: 1592: 1568: 1561: 1545:(flat-footed flies, etc) 1540: 1533: 1517: 1510: 1486: 1479: 1455: 1448: 1428: 1421: 1379: 1358: 1351: 1330: 1323: 1316: 1290: 1283: 1262: 1255: 1234: 1227: 1211:(net-winged midges, etc) 1206: 1199: 1169: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1111:, c. 20 million years ago 1022:did not appear until the 1006:, c. 50 million years ago 917: 896: 889: 869: 862: 831: 810: 803: 793: 756:(twisted-wing parasites) 751: 730: 723: 681: 660: 653: 632: 625: 615: 605: 581: 574: 296: 291: 199:Scientific classification 197: 175:Ochlerotatus notoscriptus 151: 142: 56: 11009:Colony collapse disorder 11004:Bees and toxic chemicals 9844:(stick and leaf insects) 7884:(predatory fungus gnats) 7465:The Tree of Life Project 7390:Thompson, F. Christian. 7384:La Biologie des Dipteres 7339:The Insects of Australia 6802:. British Film Institute 6168:Collins, Robert (2004). 5988:Physiological Entomology 5893:Gillott, Cedric (2005). 5559:10.1163/156853909X410766 4964:Insects and their Allies 4839:Cell and Tissue Research 4179:Price, Peter W. (2005). 3866:Tree of Life Web Project 3589:Environmental Entomology 3365:BMC Evolutionary Biology 3244: 3222:, members of the family 3143:blowfly larvae (gentles) 2853:relied on the idea that 2655:Portrait of a Carthusian 2564:Anti-predator adaptation 2530:Steganopsis melanogaster 2505:A calliphorid "bubbling" 2482: 2336: 2202:which provide adhesion. 1070:, 66 million years ago. 665:(alderflies and allies) 178:(Culicidae) (mid right) 168:Ctenophora pectinicornis 164:(Tabanidae) (top right) 10911:Insect bites and stings 10888:Drosophila melanogaster 10801:Biological pest control 10271:are paraphyletic groups 9914:(cockroaches, termites) 9678:(silverfish, firebrats) 8775:(black scavenger flies) 8136:(hairy-eyed craneflies) 8053:(primitive crane flies) 7811:(march flies, lovebugs) 7224:Berenbaum, May (2007). 7014:10.4103/0975-1475.92154 6843:10.1126/science.1231806 6784:Encyclopedia of Insects 6652:Oxford University Press 6128:10.1073/pnas.1714874114 5788:Chapman, R. F. (1998). 5472:(Diptera: Syrphidae)". 5099:10.1073/pnas.1412279112 4886:Pest Management Science 4835:Drosophila melanogaster 4522:Encyclopedia of Insects 4365:10.1023/A:1020752024329 4308:Disney, R.H.L. (2007). 4046:resulting from the fly 3963:10.1093/jhered/93.4.254 3646:10.1073/pnas.1012675108 3378:10.1186/1471-2148-14-52 3316:. Iowa State University 3145:and bluebottle larvae ( 3050:Drosophila melanogaster 3037:Drosophila melanogaster 3025: 2919:. A few can even cause 2465: 2439:adenotrophic viviparity 1973:Exorista mella (Walker) 1020:Modern flowering plants 686:(Lacewings and allies) 171:(Tipulidae) (mid left) 10976:Rats, Lice and History 9622:(jumping bristletails) 9417:(horse and deer flies) 8689:Strongylophthalmyiidae 8600:(picture-winged flies) 8128:(limoniid crane flies) 7382:Séguy, Eugène (1950). 7379:, Serie B II: Diptera. 7328:The History of Insects 6204:. CABI. Archived from 5732:Brown, Lesley (1993). 5357:Berenbaum, M. (1999). 5006:10.1098/rspb.2004.2850 4670:Biological Cybernetics 4469:10.1098/rstb.1999.0442 3523:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363 3435:Hutson, A. M. (1984). 3310:"Order Diptera: Flies" 3138: 3101:forensic entomologists 3083:microbial pathogenesis 3045: 2888: 2668: 2583: 2506: 2375: 2330: 2239: 2155: 2083: 2075: 2011:Anatomy and morphology 1927:Euryplatea nanaknihali 1899: 1112: 1052:evolutionary radiation 1007: 519:Taxonomy and phylogeny 348: 182:Milesia crabroniformis 157:(Muscidae) (top left) 47:Flies (disambiguation) 38:. For other uses, see 11382:Paleobiology Database 10961:Alfred Russel Wallace 10746:Entomological warfare 10597:Insects in literature 9003:(frightful hairy fly) 8832:(beetle-backed flies) 8370:(tangle-veined flies) 8255:(hilarimorphid flies) 8216:(flower-loving flies) 8045:(phantom crane flies) 7483:Drawing Wing venation 7477:Fly: Anatomical Atlas 7441:13 April 2020 at the 7408:on 18 September 2015. 7330:, Kluwer pp.–227–240. 7233:American Entomologist 7226:"A mite unappetizing" 7191:Journal of Wound Care 6897:Siphunculina funicola 6316:10.1093/aesa/81.3.532 6249:10.1093/beheco/arn148 5945:Papavero, N. (1977). 5858:Ecological Entomology 5435:Ecological Entomology 5363:American Entomologist 5359:"Getting Up to Speed" 5213:sp. (Dolichopodidae)" 3862:"Diptera: True flies" 3804:. BRILL. p. 13. 3443:. Vol. 10 pt 7. 3121: 3034:Diptera in research: 3033: 2876: 2833:television production 2649: 2635:Further information: 2611:Drosophila subobscura 2571: 2562:Further information: 2504: 2356: 2325: 2231: 2222:Further information: 2206:dorsal and a ventral 2146: 2081: 2062: 2049:Spilomyia longicornis 2017:Morphology of Diptera 1892: 1335:(soldier flies, etc) 1092: 993: 836:(butterflies, moths) 323: 161:Haematopota pluvialis 11268:Fauna Europaea (new) 10916:Insect sting allergy 10710:Cicadas in mythology 10224:(moths, butterflies) 9334:(wood soldier flies) 9184:(New Zealand batfly) 9134:(little house flies) 8626:(stilt-legged flies) 8537:(thick-headed flies) 8433:(spear-winged flies) 8362:(small-headed flies) 8091:(winter crane flies) 7666:(frog-biting midges) 7495:Authors of fly names 7449:The Dipterists Forum 7254:on 16 December 2010. 6650:. Oxford, New York: 6300:Zonosemata vittigera 6174:. Shortland Mimosa. 5431:Metasyrphus corollae 5230:10.1653/024.094.0240 5217:Florida Entomologist 5177:10.1093/icb/45.2.274 4635:. pp. 391–424. 3716:"Diptera True Flies" 3336:Comstock, John Henry 3188:(MDT) is the use of 2945:mosquitoes transmit 2798:Antony and Cleopatra 2720:seals as symbols of 2677:Christian demonology 2589:mimetic resemblances 2286:Metasyrphus corollae 1914:) are cosmopolitan. 1066:at the start of the 1050:. Three episodes of 40:Fly (disambiguation) 11019:Habitat destruction 10771:Insects in religion 9399:(water snipe flies) 8920:(upside-down flies) 8457:(flat-footed flies) 8441:(flat-footed flies) 8310:(long-legged flies) 8144:(large crane flies) 7760:(net-winged midges) 7727:(non-biting midges) 7326:and Quicke, D.L.J. 7245:10.1093/ae/53.3.132 6835:2013Sci...340..603M 6211:on 17 November 2017 6119:2017PNAS..11413483V 6113:(51): 13483–13488. 6039:2018NatSR...8.5464G 5621:1993Oecol..95...65Y 5486:10.4039/Ent113695-8 5297:1938Sci....87..233L 5090:2015PNAS..112.1481D 5000:(1554): 2209–2215. 4064:1980Oecol..45..285S 3997:on 13 December 2015 3991:National Geographic 3950:Journal of Heredity 3912:10.3897/BDJ.3.e4187 3752:on 28 December 2015 3637:2011PNAS..108.5690W 3601:10.1093/ee/16.4.847 3197:properties such as 2975:; sand flies carry 2971:; blackflies carry 2880:Anopheles stephensi 2869:Economic importance 2783:William Shakespeare 2702:is being chased by 2661:(painted fly) on a 2572:The large bee-fly, 2360:Stomoxys calcitrans 2262:flies in the genus 2071:and stout piercing 1989:Helaeomyia petrolei 1702:(marsh flies, etc) 1614:(louse flies, etc) 1491:(dance flies, etc) 1363:(stink flies, etc) 485:foodborne illnesses 477:infectious diseases 11466:Insects in culture 11092:Insects portal 11064:Insects and humans 10592:Arthropods in film 10541:Human interactions 10491:Insects portal 10462:Triadophlebioptera 9068:(freeloader flies) 8871:(leaf miner flies) 8811:(small dung flies) 8655:(stalk-eyed flies) 8478:(big-headed flies) 7936:Perissommatomorpha 7766:Deuterophlebiidae 7750:Blephariceromorpha 6462:Anilt'ánii 'At'ééd 6236:Behavioral Ecology 6027:Scientific Reports 5819:Biological Reviews 5764:Aquatic Entomology 5629:10.1007/BF00649508 5521:10.1007/BF01052332 4851:10.1007/BF00305372 4770:10.1007/BF00660179 4682:10.1007/BF00339948 4312:Megaselia scalaris 4072:10.1007/BF00346472 4048:Lucilia bufonivora 3560:History of Insects 3460:Biological Reviews 3139: 3046: 3014:(Bombyliidae) and 2889: 2803:Actium battlefield 2735:In a little-known 2669: 2584: 2507: 2376: 2363:, showing eggs, 3 2331: 2318:Biology of Diptera 2240: 2156: 2084: 2076: 1967:Megaselia scalaris 1905:formally described 1900: 1209:Blephariceromorpha 1113: 1100:Lutzomyia adiketis 1046:and the enigmatic 1008: 373:"two", and πτερόν 349: 338:sucking mouthparts 189:Holcocephala fusca 11433: 11432: 11369:Open Tree of Life 11107:Taxon identifiers 11098: 11097: 10987:Insect Literature 10944: 10943: 10843:Carmine/Cochineal 10796:Beneficial insect 10766:Insects in ethics 10715:Scarab (artifact) 10705:Bees in mythology 10614:Insects on stamps 10507: 10506: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10412:Palaeodictyoptera 10397: 10329: 10292: 10291: 10288: 10287: 10254: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10225: 10216: 10194: 10184: 10176: 10154: 10142: 10141: 10134: 10126: 10118: 10096: 10087: 10056: 10012: 10011: 10004: 9996: 9988: 9935: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9923: 9915: 9894: 9891:Mantophasmatodea 9886: 9875: 9861: 9853: 9845: 9837: 9829: 9821: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9759: 9738: 9727:Ephemeropteroidea 9679: 9631: 9630: 9623: 9516: 9515: 9503: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9483: 9457: 9456: 9426: 9425: 9418: 9400: 9379: 9343: 9342: 9335: 9327: 9319: 9316:Pantophthalmidae 9289: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9269: 9261: 9253: 9245: 9219: 9211: 9193: 9185: 9172: 9151: 9143: 9135: 9127: 9101: 9100: 9093: 9069: 9056: 9043: 9035: 9022:Acartophthalmidae 9004: 8996: 8988: 8980: 8972: 8971:(quasimodo flies) 8921: 8898: 8890: 8872: 8841: 8833: 8812: 8776: 8768: 8720: 8679: 8656: 8635: 8627: 8601: 8593: 8575: 8567: 8559: 8538: 8499: 8498: 8495: 8494: 8487: 8479: 8458: 8450: 8442: 8434: 8426: 8387: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8371: 8363: 8332: 8319: 8311: 8285: 8277: 8264: 8256: 8243: 8235: 8217: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8145: 8137: 8129: 8121: 8111: 8092: 8062: 8061: 8054: 8046: 8035:Ptychopteromorpha 8025: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8013: 7987: 7952: 7951: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7914: 7906: 7893: 7890:Lygistorrhinidae 7885: 7867: 7852: 7833: 7812: 7782: 7781: 7769: 7768:(mountain midges) 7761: 7740: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7728: 7720: 7712: 7704: 7703:(solitary midges) 7683: 7675: 7667: 7659: 7658:(meniscus midges) 7629: 7628: 7349:Handb. Zool. Berl 7108:on 11 August 2016 6876:. Daily Telegraph 6829:(6132): 603–607. 6800:"Fly on the Wall" 6751:978-0-8240-6697-0 6724:978-1-4438-2466-8 6692:978-0-19-513149-9 6665:978-0-19-925867-3 6576:978-0-7141-1705-8 6379:978-0-691-00047-3 6181:978-0-7327-3471-8 5964:978-94-010-1308-6 5871:10.1111/een.12313 5803:978-0-521-57890-5 5774:978-0-19-957321-9 5747:978-0-19-861271-1 5707:978-1-4051-4457-5 5376:10.1093/ae/45.1.4 5291:(2254): 233–234. 5058:978-0-08-091925-6 4805:978-81-315-0104-7 4650:978-3-642-74084-8 4564:978-0-19-510033-4 4532:978-0-08-092090-0 4463:(1385): 903–916. 4437:978-1-4051-4457-5 3811:978-90-04-14897-0 3691:978-0-231-50170-5 3631:(14): 5690–5695. 3573:978-1-4020-0026-3 3125:is a traditional 3006:(Tachinidae) and 2963:mosquitoes carry 2931:(Simuliidae) and 2698:when her husband 2653:'s 1446 painting 1844: 1843: 1824: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1788: 1787: 1779: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1743: 1742: 1734: 1733: 1725: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1686: 1685: 1677: 1676: 1407: 1406: 1398: 1397: 1188: 1187: 1151:Ptychopteromorpha 1044:Deuterophlebiidae 982: 981: 973: 972: 964: 963: 954: 953: 945: 944: 936: 935: 901:(scorpionflies) 850: 849: 779: 778: 770: 769: 709: 708: 700: 699: 318: 317: 287: 137: 16:(Redirected from 11493: 11486:Triassic insects 11426: 11425: 11413: 11412: 11400: 11399: 11390: 11389: 11377: 11376: 11364: 11363: 11354: 11353: 11341: 11340: 11338:NHMSYS0000841073 11328: 11327: 11315: 11314: 11302: 11301: 11289: 11288: 11276: 11275: 11263: 11262: 11250: 11249: 11237: 11236: 11224: 11223: 11211: 11210: 11198: 11197: 11185: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11162: 11161: 11149: 11148: 11147: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11102: 11101: 11090: 11089: 10966:Jean-Henri Fabre 10741:Cricket fighting 10736:Cockroach racing 10602:Insects in music 10563: 10562: 10534: 10527: 10520: 10511: 10510: 10489: 10488: 10422:Permoplectoptera 10395: 10354:Diaphanopterodea 10327: 10309: 10308: 10298: 10297: 10223: 10214: 10205:Amphiesmenoptera 10192: 10186: 10182: 10174: 10164: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10150: 10132: 10124: 10116: 10094: 10085: 10072: 10071: 10068: 10054: 10045: 10044: 10002: 9994: 9987:(barklice, lice) 9986: 9978: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9921: 9913: 9892: 9884: 9883:Grylloblattodea 9873: 9859: 9851: 9843: 9835: 9827: 9819: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9800: 9799: 9796: 9795: 9757: 9736: 9723: 9722: 9714: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9677: 9669: 9668: 9639: 9621: 9608: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9593: 9592: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9520: 9519: 9481: 9468: 9467: 9437: 9436: 9432:Vermileonomorpha 9416: 9410:Pelecorhynchidae 9398: 9377: 9354: 9353: 9333: 9325: 9317: 9304: 9303: 9299:Stratiomyomorpha 9295: 9294: 9267: 9259: 9251: 9243: 9217: 9209: 9191: 9183: 9182:Mystacinobiidae 9177:Mesembrinellidae 9170: 9149: 9141: 9133: 9125: 9112: 9111: 9091: 9067: 9054: 9041: 9033: 9002: 8994: 8986: 8978: 8970: 8919: 8896: 8888: 8887:Aulacigastridae 8870: 8839: 8831: 8810: 8774: 8766: 8718: 8694:Syringogastridae 8677: 8654: 8633: 8625: 8619:Cypselosomatidae 8599: 8591: 8573: 8572:Platystomatidae 8565: 8557: 8536: 8523: 8522: 8514: 8513: 8505: 8504: 8485: 8477: 8456: 8448: 8440: 8432: 8424: 8411: 8410: 8402: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8369: 8361: 8330: 8317: 8309: 8284:(stiletto flies) 8283: 8275: 8262: 8254: 8253:Hilarimorphidae 8241: 8233: 8222:Apsilocephalidae 8215: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8171: 8170: 8143: 8135: 8127: 8119: 8118:Cylindrotomidae 8110: 8109: 8105: 8090: 8077: 8076: 8068: 8067: 8052: 8044: 8031: 8030: 8011: 7985: 7979:Canthyloscelidae 7967: 7966: 7958: 7957: 7932: 7931: 7912: 7904: 7891: 7883: 7865: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7831: 7810: 7797: 7796: 7788: 7787: 7767: 7759: 7758:Blephariceridae 7746: 7745: 7726: 7718: 7717:Ceratopogonidae 7710: 7702: 7681: 7674:(phantom midges) 7673: 7665: 7657: 7644: 7643: 7635: 7634: 7609: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7591: 7590: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7507: 7506: 7409: 7407: 7396: 7354: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7247:. 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Archived from 5905: 5899: 5898: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5873: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5795: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5739: 5729: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5693: 5684: 5683: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5574:Animal Behaviour 5569: 5563: 5562: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5232: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5179: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5101: 5084:(5): 1481–1486. 5069: 5063: 5062: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5025: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4892:(9): 1765–1771. 4877: 4871: 4870: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4817: 4809: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4732: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4633:Facets of Vision 4624: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4550: 4537: 4536: 4516: 4491: 4490: 4480: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4272: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3993:. Archived from 3982: 3976: 3975: 3965: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3924: 3914: 3890: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3658: 3648: 3614: 3605: 3604: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3534: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3390: 3380: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3306: 3290: 3255: 3022:of crop plants. 3018:(Syrphidae) are 2893:leaf-miner flies 2845:Steven Spielberg 2754:Prometheus Bound 2593:Batesian mimicry 2539:kleptoparasitism 2424:Hylemya strigosa 2328:anthomyiid flies 2274:Charles Townsend 2125:mechanoreceptors 1955:trap pollination 1917:Gauromydas heros 1895:Gauromydas heros 1707: 1668: 1647: 1633: 1632: 1619: 1605: 1604: 1595: 1594: 1578: 1564: 1563: 1550: 1536: 1535: 1513: 1512: 1496: 1482: 1481: 1465: 1451: 1450: 1437: 1424: 1423: 1389: 1368: 1354: 1353: 1340: 1333:Stratiomyomorpha 1326: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1300: 1286: 1285: 1272: 1258: 1257: 1244: 1230: 1229: 1216: 1202: 1201: 1179: 1158: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1127: 1126: 1036:sap-sucking bugs 927: 906: 892: 891: 878: 865: 864: 841: 820: 806: 805: 800:Amphiesmenoptera 796: 795: 761: 740: 726: 725: 691: 670: 656: 655: 642: 628: 627: 618: 617: 608: 607: 591: 577: 576: 567: 566: 536:, alongside the 279: 207: 206: 147: 131: 130: 67: 60:Temporal range: 54: 53: 27:Order of insects 21: 11501: 11500: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11436: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11421: 11416: 11408: 11403: 11395: 11393: 11385: 11380: 11372: 11367: 11359: 11357: 11349: 11344: 11336: 11331: 11323: 11318: 11310: 11305: 11297: 11292: 11284: 11279: 11271: 11266: 11258: 11253: 11245: 11240: 11232: 11227: 11219: 11214: 11206: 11201: 11193: 11188: 11180: 11178: 11170: 11165: 11157: 11152: 11143: 11142: 11137: 11128: 11127: 11122: 11109: 11099: 11094: 11084: 11078: 11056: 11050: 10992: 10940: 10902: 10895: 10787: 10780: 10719: 10691: 10649: 10618: 10558: 10553: 10547: 10538: 10508: 10503: 10483: 10466: 10432:Protelytroptera 10364:Eudiaphanoptera 10349:Coxoplectoptera 10344:Carbotriplurida 10339:Campylopteridae 10316:Aethiocarenodea 10303: 10284: 10230: 10199: 10175:(scorpionflies) 10162: 10151: 10149: 10138: 10101: 10066: 10061: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10021: 10019: 10008: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9927: 9898: 9872: 9865: 9860:(angel insects) 9803: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9763: 9742: 9704: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9683: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9640: 9627: 9598: 9587: 9555: 9547: 9517: 9512: 9487: 9463:Xylophagomorpha 9453: 9422: 9383: 9339: 9326:(soldier flies) 9273: 9228: 9218:(tachina flies) 9155: 9148:Scathophagidae 9126:(cabbage flies) 9097: 9073: 9027:Australimyzidae 9008: 9001:Mormotomyiidae 8950: 8918:Neurochaetidae 8855: 8816: 8809:Sphaeroceridae 8786:Sphaeroceroidea 8780: 8740:Heterocheilidae 8735:Helosciomyzidae 8703: 8639: 8605: 8592:(peacock flies) 8558:(flutter flies) 8542: 8491: 8462: 8431:Lonchopteridae 8375: 8346: 8324:Homalocnemiidae 8308:Dolichopodidae 8289: 8179: 8149: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8096: 8058: 8043:Ptychopteridae 8017: 7996: 7948: 7944:Perissommatidae 7918: 7903:Rangomaramidae 7848: 7847: 7845: 7837: 7816: 7778: 7732: 7719:(biting midges) 7687: 7664:Corethrellidae 7625: 7599: 7585: 7541: 7534: 7443:Wayback Machine 7416: 7405: 7394: 7389: 7365:. W. W. Norton. 7359:Oldroyd, Harold 7352: 7335:Diptera (flies) 7324:Rasnitsyn, A.P. 7315: 7313:Further reading 7310: 7300: 7298: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7269:. Food and Wine 7263: 7259: 7251: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7187: 7183: 7148: 7144: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7079: 7077: 7067: 7063: 7044: 7040: 6993: 6989: 6966: 6962: 6952: 6950: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6870: 6866: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6782: 6778: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6709: 6700: 6693: 6677: 6673: 6666: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6620:. p. 315. 6618:Clarendon Press 6608: 6604: 6596: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6561: 6546: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6490: 6474: 6470: 6449: 6447: 6446:on 5 March 2016 6443: 6432: 6426: 6422: 6401:(11): 977–983. 6391: 6387: 6380: 6358: 6354: 6327: 6323: 6302:(Coquillett)". 6296: 6292: 6261: 6257: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6201: 6193: 6189: 6182: 6166: 6162: 6099: 6095: 6084: 6080: 6019: 6015: 5984: 5980: 5965: 5943: 5939: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5891: 5887: 5850: 5846: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5748: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5708: 5694: 5687: 5664: 5660: 5605: 5601: 5570: 5566: 5543: 5536: 5505: 5501: 5470:Eristalis tenax 5466: 5462: 5427: 5423: 5388: 5384: 5355: 5351: 5324: 5320: 5281: 5277: 5250: 5246: 5205: 5201: 5156: 5152: 5129: 5125: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5043: 5039: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4956:"Strepsiptera: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4917: 4913: 4898:10.1002/ps.4207 4878: 4874: 4831: 4827: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4792: 4785: 4750: 4746: 4715:(16): 6256–66. 4701: 4697: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4625: 4621: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4551: 4540: 4533: 4517: 4494: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4395: 4388: 4349: 4345: 4306: 4302: 4270:10.2307/2656640 4249: 4245: 4210: 4206: 4177: 4173: 4144:(5360): 57–59. 4134: 4130: 4099: 4095: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3983: 3979: 3942: 3938: 3891: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3858: 3854: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3676: 3672: 3615: 3608: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3552: 3548: 3501:Kjer, Karl M.; 3499: 3495: 3456: 3452: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3415:The Taxonomicon 3409: 3408: 3404: 3357: 3353: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3232: 3214:cheese skippers 3067:gene expression 3028: 2973:river blindness 2895:(Agromyzidae), 2871: 2822:fly-on-the-wall 2651:Petrus Christus 2644: 2639: 2633: 2602:Bombylius major 2575:Bombylius major 2566: 2560: 2499: 2485: 2468: 2452:parthenogenesis 2339: 2320: 2314: 2226: 2220: 2019: 2013: 1911:Musca domestica 1887: 1882: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1687: 1678: 1408: 1399: 1361:Xylophagomorpha 1189: 1012:Middle Triassic 988: 983: 974: 965: 955: 946: 937: 851: 780: 771: 710: 701: 526: 521: 513:to clean wounds 465:West Nile fever 445:model organisms 310: 278: 201: 186: 179: 172: 165: 158: 138: 129: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 62: 61: 58: 50: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11499: 11489: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11427: 11414: 11401: 11391: 11378: 11365: 11355: 11342: 11329: 11316: 11303: 11290: 11277: 11264: 11255:Fauna Europaea 11251: 11238: 11225: 11212: 11199: 11186: 11176: 11163: 11150: 11135: 11119: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11096: 11095: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11060: 11058: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11000: 10998: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10990: 10983:Lafcadio Hearn 10980: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10956:Jan Swammerdam 10952: 10950: 10946: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10907: 10905: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10892: 10891: 10882:Model organism 10879: 10874: 10873: 10872: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10851: 10850: 10840: 10839: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10803: 10798: 10792: 10790: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10756:Insect farming 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10727: 10725: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10701: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10677: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10659: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10647: 10642: 10640:Artificial fly 10637: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10609: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10588: 10587: 10580: 10573:Insects in art 10569: 10567: 10560: 10549: 10548: 10537: 10536: 10529: 10522: 10514: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10494: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10472: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10447:Protozygoptera 10444: 10442:Protorthoptera 10439: 10437:Protephemerida 10434: 10429: 10427:Protanisoptera 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10396:(griffinflies) 10394:Meganisoptera 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10374:Glosselytrodea 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10323: 10318: 10312: 10305: 10304: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10272: 10266: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10228: 10218: 10209: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10187: 10167: 10165: 10156: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10128: 10120: 10115:Raphidioptera 10111: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10089: 10080: 10078: 10069: 10067:Neuropteroidea 10063: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10048: 10042: 10014: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10006: 9998: 9990: 9981: 9979: 9961: 9937: 9936: 9933: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9925: 9917: 9908: 9906: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9896: 9888: 9885:(ice-crawlers) 9879: 9877: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9863: 9855: 9847: 9839: 9831: 9823: 9814: 9808: 9793: 9773: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9762: 9761: 9752: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9740: 9735:Ephemeroptera 9731: 9729: 9720: 9707: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9672: 9666: 9642: 9641: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9625: 9620:Archaeognatha 9616: 9614: 9600: 9599: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9579: 9573: 9567: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9546: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9523: 9514: 9513: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9476: 9474: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9451: 9445: 9443: 9441:Vermileonoidea 9434: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9393: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9373: 9368: 9366:Austroleptidae 9362: 9360: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9329: 9324:Stratiomyidae 9321: 9318:(timber flies) 9312: 9310: 9308:Stratiomyoidea 9301: 9291: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9263: 9258:Nycteribiidae 9255: 9250:Hippoboscidae 9247: 9244:(tsetse flies) 9238: 9236: 9234:Hippoboscoidea 9230: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9213: 9208:Sarcophagidae 9205: 9200: 9195: 9187: 9179: 9174: 9169:Calliphoridae 9165: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9145: 9137: 9129: 9120: 9118: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9087: 9085:Cryptochetidae 9081: 9079: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9063: 9058: 9050: 9045: 9037: 9029: 9024: 9018: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9006: 8998: 8990: 8985:Drosophilidae 8982: 8974: 8966: 8960: 8958: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8936:Periscelididae 8933: 8928: 8923: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8903:Fergusoninidae 8900: 8892: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8865: 8863: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838:Chamaemyiidae 8835: 8826: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8814: 8806: 8804:Nannodastiidae 8801: 8796: 8790: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8770: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8713: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8649: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8629: 8621: 8615: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8595: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8574:(signal flies) 8569: 8566:(cheese flies) 8561: 8556:Pallopteridae 8552: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8531: 8529: 8520: 8511: 8501: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8481: 8472: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8452: 8444: 8436: 8428: 8425:(ironic flies) 8419: 8417: 8408: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8368:Nemestrinidae 8365: 8356: 8354: 8352:Nemestrinoidea 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8326: 8321: 8313: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8279: 8276:(window flies) 8271: 8269:Mythicomyiidae 8266: 8258: 8250: 8245: 8237: 8234:(robber flies) 8229: 8224: 8219: 8210: 8208: 8199: 8181: 8180: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8139: 8131: 8123: 8114: 8112: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8089:Trichoceridae 8085: 8083: 8081:Trichoceroidea 8074: 8064: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8048: 8039: 8037: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8015: 8006: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7964: 7962:Psychodomorpha 7954: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7928: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7908: 7900: 7898:Mycetophilidae 7895: 7887: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864:Cecidomyiidae 7861: 7859:Bolitophilidae 7855: 7853: 7849:(fungus gnats) 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7826: 7824: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7805: 7803: 7794: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7771: 7763: 7754: 7752: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7722: 7714: 7706: 7697: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7685: 7677: 7669: 7661: 7652: 7650: 7641: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7617: 7615: 7601: 7600: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7533: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7432: 7427: 7415: 7414:External links 7412: 7411: 7410: 7387: 7380: 7366: 7356: 7342: 7331: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7280: 7257: 7239:(3): 132–133. 7216: 7181: 7142: 7119: 7087: 7061: 7038: 6987: 6960: 6949:. 19 June 2015 6934: 6907:(2): 292–301. 6887: 6864: 6813: 6791: 6776: 6757: 6750: 6730: 6723: 6698: 6691: 6671: 6664: 6633: 6626: 6602: 6590:Haynes, Dawn. 6582: 6575: 6544: 6535: 6526: 6517: 6503: 6488: 6468: 6420: 6385: 6378: 6352: 6341:(1): 175–178. 6321: 6310:(3): 532–536. 6290: 6255: 6242:(2): 396–402. 6222: 6187: 6180: 6160: 6093: 6078: 6013: 5994:(2): 153–161. 5978: 5963: 5937: 5926: 5915:on 23 May 2018 5900: 5885: 5864:(5): 505–515. 5844: 5825:(3): 199–258. 5809: 5802: 5780: 5773: 5753: 5746: 5724: 5713: 5706: 5685: 5658: 5599: 5564: 5553:(2): 245–262. 5534: 5515:(5): 619–636. 5499: 5480:(8): 695–704. 5460: 5441:(3): 329–335. 5421: 5402:(2): 373–383. 5392:Oscinella frit 5382: 5349: 5318: 5275: 5264:(3): 245–252. 5244: 5223:(2): 367–369. 5199: 5170:(2): 274–281. 5150: 5139:(3): 223–238. 5123: 5064: 5057: 5037: 4980: 4947: 4928:(4): 229–243. 4911: 4872: 4825: 4804: 4783: 4744: 4695: 4676:(3): 195–209. 4656: 4649: 4619: 4590:(8): 3227–33. 4570: 4563: 4538: 4531: 4492: 4443: 4436: 4416: 4386: 4359:(5): 689–706. 4343: 4300: 4263:(3): 440–445. 4243: 4204: 4191:(5): 413–421. 4171: 4128: 4109:(1–2): 86–89. 4093: 4058:(2): 285–286. 4034: 4008: 3977: 3956:(4): 254–259. 3936: 3878: 3852: 3817: 3810: 3790: 3763: 3732: 3706: 3697: 3690: 3670: 3606: 3595:(4): 847–854. 3579: 3572: 3546: 3493: 3466:(3): 425–454. 3450: 3427: 3402: 3351: 3327: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3287:blister beetle 3249: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3231: 3228: 3219:Piophila casei 3175:European Union 3135:Piophila casei 3055:model organism 3027: 3024: 2870: 2867: 2718:Old Babylonian 2643: 2640: 2632: 2629: 2597:myrmecophilous 2580:Batesian mimic 2559: 2556: 2511:trophic levels 2498: 2495: 2484: 2481: 2467: 2464: 2338: 2335: 2313: 2310: 2219: 2216: 2166:and a pair of 2134:carbon dioxide 2121:chemoreceptors 2067:showing large 2012: 2009: 1964:The larvae of 1886: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1612:Hippoboscoidea 1608: 1603: 1601: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1431:Nemestrinoidea 1427: 1422: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1295:(crane flies) 1289: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1265:Psychodomorpha 1261: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1125: 1075:holometabolous 987: 984: 980: 979: 976: 975: 971: 970: 967: 966: 962: 961: 960:(Mecopterida) 957: 956: 952: 951: 948: 947: 943: 942: 939: 938: 934: 933: 930: 929: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 895: 890: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 868: 863: 861: 857: 856: 853: 852: 848: 847: 844: 843: 830: 827: 826: 823: 822: 815:(caddisflies) 809: 804: 802: 794: 792: 786: 785: 782: 781: 777: 776: 773: 772: 768: 767: 764: 763: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 729: 724: 722: 716: 715: 712: 711: 707: 706: 703: 702: 698: 697: 694: 693: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 659: 654: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 631: 626: 624: 616: 614: 612:Neuropteroidea 606: 604: 598: 597: 594: 593: 580: 575: 573: 565: 530:holometabolans 528:Dipterans are 525: 522: 520: 517: 503:, are used as 316: 315: 294: 293: 289: 288: 273: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248: 243: 239: 238: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 195: 194: 149: 148: 140: 139: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11498: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11424: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11392: 11388: 11383: 11379: 11375: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11356: 11352: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11204: 11200: 11196: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11155: 11151: 11146: 11140: 11136: 11131: 11125: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11103: 11093: 11088: 11081: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11053: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11039:Neonicotinoid 11037: 11035: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10995: 10988: 10984: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10951: 10947: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10898: 10890: 10889: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10871: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10841: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10783: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10724:Other aspects 10722: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10694: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10678: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10652: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10615: 10612: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10586: 10585: 10584:Musca depicta 10581: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10557: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10535: 10530: 10528: 10523: 10521: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10500: 10499: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10402:Megasecoptera 10400: 10398: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10295: 10281: 10279: 10273: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10227: 10226: 10219: 10217: 10215:(caddisflies) 10211: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10188: 10185: 10181:Siphonaptera 10178: 10177: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152:(Mecopterida) 10145: 10135: 10129: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10090: 10088: 10084:Strepsiptera 10082: 10081: 10079: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10064: 10058: 10057: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10015: 10005: 9999: 9997: 9993:Thysanoptera 9991: 9989: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9975: 9974: 9969: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9938: 9924: 9918: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9901: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9848: 9846: 9840: 9838: 9836:(webspinners) 9832: 9830: 9824: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9812: 9809: 9806: 9801: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9774: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9643: 9638: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9580: 9578: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9532: 9530: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9511: 9506: 9484: 9480:Xylophagidae 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9472:Xylophagoidea 9469: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9450: 9449:Vermileonidae 9447: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9386: 9380: 9378:(snipe flies) 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9336: 9330: 9328: 9322: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9270: 9264: 9262: 9256: 9254: 9252:(louse flies) 9248: 9246: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9231: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9214: 9212: 9210:(flesh flies) 9206: 9204: 9203:Rhinophoridae 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9188: 9186: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9144: 9138: 9136: 9130: 9128: 9124:Anthomyiidae 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9104: 9094: 9092:(lance flies) 9088: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9042:(beach flies) 9038: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9005: 8999: 8997: 8995:(shore flies) 8991: 8989: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8969:Curtonotidae 8967: 8965: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8953: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8941:Teratomyzidae 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8893: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8846:Cremifaniidae 8844: 8842: 8840:(aphid flies) 8836: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8777: 8771: 8769: 8767:(marsh flies) 8763: 8761: 8760:Ropalomeridae 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8750:Natalimyzidae 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8666:Megamerinidae 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8624:Micropezidae 8622: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8570: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8488: 8482: 8480: 8476:Pipunculidae 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8459: 8455:Platypezidae 8453: 8451: 8445: 8443: 8437: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8423:Ironomyiidae 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8415:Platypezoidea 8412: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8390: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8337:Oreogetonidae 8335: 8333: 8331:(dance flies) 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8314: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8278: 8274:Scenopinidae 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8263:(mydas flies) 8259: 8257: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8238: 8236: 8230: 8228: 8227:Apystomyiidae 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8146: 8140: 8138: 8132: 8130: 8124: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8108:(crane flies) 8103: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7993: 7992:Valeseguyidae 7990: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7915: 7909: 7907: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7882:Keroplatidae 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7872:Diadocidiidae 7870: 7868: 7866:(gall midges) 7862: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7830:Anisopodidae 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7822:Anisopodoidea 7819: 7813: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792:Bibionomorpha 7789: 7785: 7775: 7774:Nymphomyiidae 7772: 7770: 7764: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7729: 7725:Chironomidae 7723: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7711:(black flies) 7707: 7705: 7701:Thaumaleidae 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7693:Chironomoidea 7690: 7684: 7678: 7676: 7670: 7668: 7662: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7613:Axymyiomorpha 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7539: 7531: 7526: 7524: 7519: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7404: 7400: 7393: 7388: 7385: 7381: 7378: 7374: 7371:(1924–1953). 7370: 7369:Séguy, Eugène 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7350: 7346: 7345:Hennig, Willi 7343: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7320:Order Diptera 7317: 7316: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7284: 7268: 7261: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7123: 7104: 7097: 7091: 7076: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6875: 6868: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6817: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6769:To Know a Fly 6761: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6734: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6715: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6688: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6637: 6629: 6627:0-19-814730-9 6623: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6606: 6595: 6594: 6586: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6539: 6530: 6521: 6513: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6489:9780826301109 6485: 6481: 6480: 6472: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6207: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6183: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6089: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5941: 5935: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5896: 5889: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5757: 5749: 5743: 5740:. Clarendon. 5738: 5737: 5728: 5722: 5717: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5690: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5539: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5386: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5322: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5212: 5211:Condylostylus 5203: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4959: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4922:Zoomorphology 4915: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4837:: a review". 4836: 4829: 4821: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4788: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4391: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4224:(3): 756–75. 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3701: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3611: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3447:. p. 84. 3446: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3301: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3237:New Scientist 3227: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3199:antibacterial 3196: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977:leishmaniasis 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2960:Aedes aegypti 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927:(Culicidae), 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2850:Jurassic Park 2847:'s 1993 film 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2814:Musca depicta 2810: 2808: 2807:To Know a Fly 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2659:musca depicta 2656: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2608:In contrast, 2606: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2570: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2551:Ephydra hians 2547: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2491: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2419:ovoviviparous 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407:Vermileonidae 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2392:endoparasites 2389: 2385: 2381: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264:Condylostylus 2261: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2224:Insect flight 2215: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:Nycteribiidae 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2138:bush crickets 2135: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2088:compound eyes 2080: 2074: 2070: 2069:compound eyes 2066: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2008: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1820: 1819: 1811: 1810: 1802: 1801: 1793: 1792: 1784: 1783: 1775: 1774: 1766: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1739: 1738: 1730: 1729: 1721: 1720: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1573:(hoverflies) 1572: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1334: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1238: 1237:Bibionomorpha 1232: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1110: 1109:Early Miocene 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:Nymphomyiidae 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1016:Late Triassic 1013: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 978: 977: 969: 968: 959: 958: 950: 949: 941: 940: 932: 931: 928: 926: 921: 915: 914: 911: 910: 907: 905: 900: 894: 893: 887: 886: 883: 882: 879: 877: 873: 867: 866: 859: 858: 855: 854: 846: 845: 842: 840: 835: 829: 828: 825: 824: 821: 819: 814: 808: 807: 801: 798: 797: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 775: 774: 766: 765: 762: 760: 755: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 739: 734: 728: 727: 721: 718: 717: 714: 713: 705: 704: 696: 695: 692: 690: 685: 679: 678: 675: 674: 671: 669: 664: 658: 657: 651: 650: 647: 646: 643: 641: 637:(snakeflies) 636: 635:Raphidioptera 630: 629: 623: 620: 619: 613: 610: 609: 603: 602:Aparaglossata 600: 599: 596: 595: 592: 590: 585: 579: 578: 572: 569: 568: 564: 562: 557: 555: 554:Hippoboscidae 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 516: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 418:ovoviviparous 415: 414:metamorphosis 411: 410:compound eyes 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361: 357: 353: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 314: 313: 308: 304: 300: 295: 290: 286: 282: 277: 274: 271: 270: 267: 264: 261: 260: 257: 254: 251: 250: 247: 244: 241: 240: 237: 234: 231: 230: 227: 224: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210: 205: 200: 196: 193: 191: 190: 184: 183: 177: 176: 170: 169: 163: 162: 156: 150: 146: 141: 135: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 66: 55: 52: 48: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11114: 11069:Insecticides 10986: 10974: 10971:Hans Zinsser 10936:Clothes moth 10886: 10697:In mythology 10630:Fishing bait 10582: 10496: 10482: 10452:Syntonoptera 10334:Caloneurodea 10326:Blattoptera 10277: 10268: 10263: 10222:Lepidoptera 10220: 10213:Trichoptera 10190: 10189: 10171: 10123:Megaloptera 10117:(snakeflies) 10107:Neuropterida 10091: 10076:Coleopterida 10053:Hymenoptera 10051: 9973:Paraneoptera 9971: 9893:(gladiators) 9842:Phasmatodea 9820:(stoneflies) 9805:Polyneoptera 9748:Odonatoptera 9612:Monocondylia 9577:Pancrustacea 9575:(unranked): 9405:Oreoleptidae 9397:Athericidae 9376:Rhagionidae 9371:Bolbomyiidae 9358:Rhagionoidea 9349:Tabanomorpha 9242:Glossinidae 9224:Ulurumyiidae 9150:(dung flies) 9090:Lonchaeidae 9078:Lonchaeoidea 9066:Milichiidae 9061:Inbiomyiidae 9055:(frit flies) 9053:Chloropidae 8977:Diastatidae 8946:Xenasteiidae 8877:Anthomyzidae 8869:Agromyzidae 8822:Lauxanioidea 8799:Heleomyzidae 8765:Sciomyzidae 8755:Phaeomyiidae 8745:Huttoninidae 8730:Helcomyzidae 8719:(kelp flies) 8709:Sciomyzoidea 8678:(rust flies) 8590:Tephritidae 8585:Richardiidae 8564:Piophilidae 8548:Tephritoidea 8518:Acalyptratae 8486:(hoverflies) 8360:Acroceridae 8240:Bombyliidae 8214:Apioceridae 8072:Tipulomorpha 8051:Tanyderidae 8012:(moth flies) 8010:Psychodidae 8002:Psychodoidea 7984:Scatopsidae 7971:Scatopsoidea 7832:(wood gnats) 7682:(mosquitoes) 7672:Chaoboridae 7639:Culicomorpha 7581:Holometabola 7579:Superorder: 7573:Infraclass: 7537: 7488: 7487: 7470: 7469: 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Retrieved 3313: 3304: 3285:, a type of 3253: 3235: 3233: 3217: 3203: 3179: 3140: 3134: 3095: 3087:Willi Hennig 3048: 3047: 3035: 3002:(Asilidae), 3000:Robber flies 2996:fungus gnats 2993: 2965:dengue fever 2958: 2940: 2905:tsetse flies 2890: 2878: 2848: 2819: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2796: 2790: 2787:Tom o'Bedlam 2752: 2734: 2730: 2726:lapis lazuli 2703: 2689: 2670: 2664:trompe-l'œil 2662: 2658: 2654: 2622: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2600: 2585: 2573: 2549: 2543: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2486: 2469: 2460:paedogenesis 2442: 2430:Termitoxenia 2428: 2422: 2396: 2377: 2358: 2340: 2332: 2300:A. freeborni 2298: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2267: 2263: 2260:Dolichopodid 2257: 2249: 2241: 2204: 2188:Strepsiptera 2157: 2118: 2105: 2101:diverticulae 2085: 2047: 2020: 1987: 1981: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1932: 1925: 1915: 1909: 1901: 1893: 1860:Cyclorrhapha 1847: 1700:Acalyptratae 1698: 1659: 1638: 1610: 1569: 1541: 1518: 1487: 1456: 1429: 1382:Tabanomorpha 1380: 1359: 1331: 1310: 1291: 1263: 1235: 1207: 1172:Culicomorpha 1170: 1149: 1130: 1114: 1098: 1084:Strepsiptera 1072: 1040:basal clades 1034:produced by 1009: 1004:Lower Eocene 1000:Baltic amber 920:Siphonaptera 918: 897: 871: 870: 860:Antliophora 832: 811: 754:Strepsiptera 752: 731: 720:Coleopterida 682: 661: 633: 622:Neuropterida 582: 571:Holometabola 558: 542:Siphonaptera 527: 505:fishing bait 489:tsetse flies 475:, and other 473:encephalitis 469:yellow fever 443:are used as 433:Hymenopteran 426: 407: 374: 370: 362: 351: 350: 326:Anthomyiidae 303:paraphyletic 297: 275: 262:(unranked): 252:Superorder: 187: 180: 173: 166: 159: 153: 51: 11294:iNaturalist 11139:Wikispecies 11055:Categories, 11034:Insecticide 10865:Sericulture 10836:Royal jelly 10761:Flea circus 10751:Entomophagy 10685:Cantharidin 10680:Spanish fly 10655:In medicine 10635:Fly fishing 10566:In the arts 10498:Wikispecies 10457:Titanoptera 10389:Lapeyriidae 10384:Hypoperlida 10359:Eoblattodea 10328:(roachoids) 10321:Archodonata 10163:Antliophora 10131:Neuroptera 10093:Coleoptera 9904:Dictyoptera 9874:(Xenonomia) 9850:Orthoptera 9834:Embioptera 9826:Dermaptera 9818:Plecoptera 9718:Palaeoptera 9581:Subphylum: 9482:(awl flies) 9332:Xylomyidae 9268:(bat flies) 9266:Streblidae 9260:(bat flies) 9216:Tachinidae 9107:Calyptratae 8993:Ephydridae 8979:(bog flies) 8956:Ephydroidea 8889:(sap flies) 8861:Opomyzoidea 8851:Lauxaniidae 8830:Celyphidae 8794:Chyromyidae 8725:Dryomyzidae 8717:Coelopidae 8699:Tanypezidae 8509:Schizophora 8393:Muscomorpha 8303:Atelestidae 8282:Therevidae 8242:(bee flies) 8197:Asilomorpha 8134:Pediciidae 8126:Limoniidae 7877:Ditomyiidae 7809:Bibionidae 7801:Bibionoidea 7709:Simuliidae 7353:(in German) 6033:(1): 5464. 5674:: 271–298. 5433:migrate?". 5328:Cephenemyia 5254:Cephenemyia 4845:(1): 3–26. 4405:: 417–442. 4279:10088/12159 4022:Livescience 3833:: 397–428. 3779:: 565–590. 3283:Spanish fly 3224:Piophilidae 3195:biochemical 3020:pollinators 2989:Chloropidae 2955:arboviruses 2933:drain flies 2901:gall midges 2897:fruit flies 2827:-making in 2825:documentary 2714:Utnapishtim 2685:Philistines 2535:regurgitate 2456:gall midges 2454:, and some 2449:thelytokous 2374:, and adult 2269:Cephenemyia 2097:horse-flies 2065:a horse-fly 1978:shore flies 1945:, insects, 1878:Schizophora 1872:Muscomorpha 1854:Calyptratae 1105:Psychodidae 1095:nematoceran 1080:Mecopterida 1064:Schizophora 996:brachyceran 834:Lepidoptera 813:Trichoptera 663:Megaloptera 584:Hymenoptera 550:Trichoptera 546:Lepidoptera 534:Mecopterida 509:debridement 441:Fruit flies 437:pollination 391:crane flies 387:horse-flies 266:Antliophora 63:245–0 11440:Categories 11074:Pesticides 10811:Bee pollen 10806:Beekeeping 10788:entomology 10731:Biomimicry 10663:Apitherapy 10623:In fishing 10578:Beetlewing 10559:in culture 10407:Miomoptera 10173:Mecoptera 10001:Hemiptera 9922:(mantises) 9912:Blattodea 9858:Zoraptera 9737:(mayflies) 9676:Zygentoma 9571:Arthropoda 9415:Tabanidae 9389:Tabanoidea 9192:(botflies) 9190:Oestridae 9161:Oestroidea 9132:Fanniidae 9040:Canacidae 9034:(bee lice) 9032:Braulidae 8964:Camillidae 8931:Opomyzidae 8908:Marginidae 8895:Clusiidae 8684:Somatiidae 8671:Nothybidae 8653:Diopsidae 8645:Diopsoidea 8598:Ulidiidae 8580:Pyrgotidae 8535:Conopidae 8527:Conopoidea 8484:Syrphidae 8468:Syrphoidea 8439:Opetiidae 8329:Hybotidae 8316:Empididae 8295:Empidoidea 8177:Brachycera 8142:Tipulidae 8102:Tipuloidea 7911:Sciaridae 7843:Sciaroidea 7680:Culicidae 7648:Culicoidea 7621:Axymyiidae 7597:Nematocera 7567:Subclass: 7557:Arthropoda 7489:Describers 7058:: 140–143. 6947:YourGenome 6654:. p. 6616:. Oxford: 5895:Entomology 5580:(2): 518. 4158:10088/5966 3297:References 3263:robber fly 3210:casu marzu 3182:biomedical 3131:cheese fly 3123:Casu marzu 3109:Histeridae 3091:cladistics 3079:physiology 3063:eukaryotes 3044:laboratory 3016:hoverflies 2969:Zika virus 2951:filariasis 2929:blackflies 2925:mosquitoes 2859:fossilised 2837:metaphoric 2737:Greek myth 2710:flood myth 2624:Drosophila 2618:Drosophila 2435:tsetse fly 2399:Simuliidae 2384:Brachycera 2380:Nematocera 2344:Brachycera 2316:See also: 2244:gyroscopic 2212:ovipositor 2196:tarsomeres 2184:Streblidae 2172:metathorax 2164:mesothorax 2108:optic flow 2073:mouthparts 2031:mouthparts 2029:, and the 2015:See also: 2005:scavengers 1994:hoverflies 1951:amphibians 1943:millipedes 1866:Eremoneura 1832:Nematocera 1661:Oestroidea 1571:Syrphoidea 1522:(in part) 1489:Empidoidea 1312:Brachycera 1293:Tipuloidea 1121:Brachycera 1117:Nematocera 1024:Cretaceous 735:(beetles) 733:Coleoptera 684:Neuroptera 493:screwworms 481:houseflies 449:mosquitoes 429:ecological 399:mosquitoes 395:hoverflies 385:including 312:Brachycera 299:Nematocera 292:Suborders 236:Arthropoda 11057:templates 11029:Pesticide 10645:Fly tying 10379:Heraridea 10369:Geroptera 10274:Based on 10148:Panorpida 10095:(beetles) 9985:Psocodea 9920:Mantodea 9871:Notoptera 9828:(earwigs) 9563:Kingdom: 9198:Rhiniidae 9140:Muscidae 9116:Muscoidea 9014:Carnoidea 8926:Odiniidae 8913:Neminidae 8882:Asteiidae 8773:Sepsidae 8676:Psilidae 8661:Gobryidae 8632:Neriidae 8611:Nerioidea 8447:Phoridae 8342:Ragadidae 8248:Evocoidae 8232:Asilidae 8206:Asiloidea 8175:Suborder 7595:Suborder 7569:Pterygota 7549:Kingdom: 7162:: 37–43. 6271:: 19–22. 6137:0027-8424 6055:2045-2322 5637:1432-1939 5609:Oecologia 5547:Behaviour 4814:cite book 4754:Phaenicia 4690:227306897 4373:1572-8889 4324:: 39–60. 4052:Oecologia 4044:Bufo bufo 3420:21 August 3371:(1): 52. 3275:house-fly 3259:crane fly 3206:Sardinian 3127:Sardinian 3012:bee flies 3004:tachinids 2942:Anopheles 2909:screwworm 2792:King Lear 2759:Aeschylus 2681:Beelzebub 2642:Symbolism 2524:Anthomyia 2415:oviparous 2403:Tabanidae 2348:spiracles 2294:Cuterebra 2282:Oscinella 2149:crane fly 2113:H1 neuron 2002:inquiline 1992:). Adult 1922:Asiloidea 1885:Diversity 1640:Muscoidea 1543:Phoroidea 1458:Asiloidea 1068:Paleogene 899:Mecoptera 790:Panorpida 561:cladogram 538:Mecoptera 403:described 307:Eudiptera 256:Panorpida 222:Kingdom: 216:Eukaryota 18:Dipterans 11203:BugGuide 11179:BioLib: 11124:Wikidata 10997:Concerns 10949:Pioneers 10926:Woodworm 10831:Propolis 10786:Economic 10673:Melittin 10668:Apitoxin 10417:Paoliida 10191:Diptera 9995:(thrips) 9756:Odonata 9583:Hexapoda 9569:Phylum: 9565:Animalia 9048:Carnidae 8261:Mydidae 7656:Dixidae 7575:Neoptera 7555:Phylum: 7551:Animalia 7540:families 7479:at CSIRO 7455:BugGuide 7439:Archived 7361:(1965). 7211:22584527 7176:24754920 7139:: 61–66. 7033:22408328 6929:28636403 6921:18260520 6859:21912409 6851:23641114 6498:64024356 6415:16620975 6347:25085158 6331:Microdon 6285:84201196 6155:29158381 6073:29674725 6008:86705683 5973:43307061 5880:86908583 5839:86129322 5653:22921039 5645:28313313 5594:53180240 5529:25061334 5494:86181761 5455:83629356 5344:25004791 5313:17770404 5270:25004207 5239:86502767 5186:21676771 5118:25605915 5032:15539345 4942:46359462 4906:26662853 4867:23210046 4778:26541123 4739:10934276 4614:11943823 4487:10382224 4381:36686371 4338:17622197 4295:10719005 4238:17291785 4166:19305979 4123:39619017 4088:32817424 4080:28309542 3972:12407211 3931:25733962 3847:15012378 3665:21402926 3541:27558853 3480:17624962 3397:24646345 3338:(1949). 3314:BugGuide 3279:hoverfly 3271:moth fly 3216:such as 3190:blow fly 3167:reptiles 3113:woodland 3075:mutation 3042:genetics 2967:and the 2913:botflies 2841:candidly 2769:'s wife 2765:sent by 2749:Endymion 2582:of bees. 2545:Bengalia 2477:puparium 2382:and the 2252:saccades 2208:sclerite 2200:pulvilli 2168:halteres 2153:halteres 2130:infrared 2063:Head of 2039:halteres 2027:antennae 1939:woodlice 1935:molluscs 1239:(gnats) 1060:Jurassic 1056:Triassic 1032:honeydew 922:(fleas) 379:halteres 346:halteres 334:antennae 332:, small 281:Linnaeus 232:Phylum: 226:Animalia 212:Domain: 155:Housefly 136:– Recent 134:Triassic 11397:diptera 11172:Diptera 11159:Diptera 11145:Diptera 11115:Diptera 10921:Bed bug 10903:insects 10901:Harmful 10877:Shellac 10821:Beeswax 10776:Jingzhe 10556:insects 10552:Aspects 10545:insects 10302:Extinct 10276:Sasaki 10183:(fleas) 9977: * 8406:Aschiza 7563:Insecta 7561:Class: 7538:Diptera 7536:Extant 7471:Anatomy 7419:General 7322:". In: 7024:3296382 6880:21 July 6831:Bibcode 6823:Science 6806:21 July 6450:30 July 6215:27 July 6146:5754803 6115:Bibcode 6064:5908842 6035:Bibcode 5617:Bibcode 5369:: 4–5. 5293:Bibcode 5285:Science 5194:7306151 5109:4321282 5086:Bibcode 5023:1691860 5014:4142949 4958:Stylops 4859:8118845 4730:6772600 4605:6757520 4478:1692594 4287:2656640 4138:Science 4060:Bibcode 4027:21 July 4001:21 July 3922:4339814 3773:Zootaxa 3746:Flytree 3656:3078341 3633:Bibcode 3532:5014063 3488:9356614 3388:4000048 3267:bee fly 3230:Hazards 3208:cheese 3159:mammals 3155:angling 3147:casters 3097:Maggots 2947:malaria 2937:vectors 2921:myiasis 2885:malaria 2700:Dumuzid 2578:, is a 2497:Ecology 2411:prolegs 2409:, have 2368:instars 2326:Mating 2303:, form 2235:fly in 2233:Tabanid 2176:ganglia 2162:on the 2043:abdomen 1998:mimicry 1983:Diamesa 1947:mammals 1520:Aschiza 1131:Diptera 1093:Fossil 994:Fossil 872:Diptera 501:maggots 497:gentles 457:malaria 453:vectors 422:carrion 383:species 363:Diptera 358:of the 356:insects 305:) (inc 276:Diptera 272:Order: 246:Insecta 242:Class: 132:Middle 11423:118088 11374:661378 11358:NZOR: 11325:118831 11247:1DIPTO 11130:Q25312 10860:Kermes 10855:Chitin 10848:Polish 10280:(2013) 10278:et al. 10269:Italic 9597:Extant 9553:orders 9550:Insect 7301:26 May 7273:24 May 7209: 7174: 7112:24 May 7080:24 May 7031: 7021: 6953:27 May 6927: 6919: 6857: 6849: 6788:p. 242 6748: 6721: 6689: 6662: 6642:Lucian 6624: 6573: 6496: 6486: 6458:Dǫ'soh 6413: 6376: 6345: 6283: 6178: 6153: 6143: 6135: 6071: 6061: 6053: 6006: 5971: 5961: 5919:22 May 5878: 5837: 5800: 5771: 5744: 5704: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5592: 5527: 5492: 5453: 5414: 5342: 5311: 5268: 5237: 5192: 5184: 5116: 5106: 5055: 5030: 5020: 5012: 4973:25 May 4940: 4904: 4865: 4857: 4802: 4776: 4737: 4727: 4688: 4647: 4612: 4602: 4561: 4529: 4485: 4475: 4434: 4379: 4371: 4336: 4293: 4285: 4236: 4164: 4121: 4086: 4078: 3970: 3929: 3919: 3871:27 May 3845: 3808: 3756:24 May 3725:25 May 3688: 3663: 3653: 3570: 3539: 3529: 3486: 3478: 3395: 3385: 3320:26 May 3169:, and 3163:fishes 3059:genome 2953:, and 2835:. 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