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The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. As a suggestion of floral richness, an estimated 825
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associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Volcanoes in the ecoregion are also intermittently active. Basement rocks are composed mainly of
Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the
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The conservation status of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting.
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and intermittently active volcanoes. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. There are many species of interest, including the endemic
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developed over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the
Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. There are very few permanent watercourses. The most notable is the
233:. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the
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of
Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the
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range from 21° to 24 °C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30 °C. Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside.
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population density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer (km). In some areas, there is less than one person per km. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic
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ecoregion, which also covers the
Ethiopian Highlands above about 1000 meters elevation. There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and
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332:, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, which form steep escarpments.
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This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, stretching from the
Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through coastal
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in the Red Sea. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m, including the
561:. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea,
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781:. US Forest Service Office of International Programs for the US Agency for International Development (USAID), November 2012.
630:(wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion – Suakin–Gulf of Agig in Sudan and Haramous–Loyada in Djibouti.
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varies from less than 100 mm close to the coast to around 200 mm further inland. Mean minimum
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grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. The endangered
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in
Eritrea, and the Djalélo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. Djibouti's
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and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the
651:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 27 February 2022.
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of
Ethiopia that terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti.
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Cosiaux, A.; Welch, H.; Gardiner, L.M.; Welch, G.; Couvreur, T.L.P. (2018).
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in
Somalia. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands.
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722:. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4.68% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
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The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many
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513:. There are a number of dry habitat reptiles including the endemic
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is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation.
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or Afar
Depression, a lowland bounded on the south and east by the
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Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets.
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grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. The palm
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Djibouti
Biodiversity and Tropical Forests: 118/119 Assessment
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along the Eritrea-Ethiopia border. Juniper woodlands in the
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The predominant vegetation dry shrub steppe and grassland.
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mountains in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the
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Ib Friis, Sebsebe Demissew, and Paulo van Breugel (2010)
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region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. The endangered
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grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains.
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in Ethiopia and smaller ports along the coast such as
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mountains. There are two internationally designated
260:ungulates, including the last viable population of
209:, consisting of a semi-desert strip on or near the
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114:Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
757:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en
507:. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil,
720:Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia
569:in Somalia. Smaller towns include the former
810:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands"
702:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands"
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531:. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark
484:of Eritrea. Other grazing animals include
451:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
326:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
99:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
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25:Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands
137:238,180 km (91,960 sq mi)
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445:to 950 species have been observed in
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473:Mammals found here include the last
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743:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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308:. The ecoregion includes Eritrea's
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453:. These outliers are part of the
365:is very hot and dry. Mean annual
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480:to be found in the wild, on the
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16:Ecoregion in northeastern Africa
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120:Somali montane xeric woodlands
104:Horn of Africa xeric bushlands
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666:Margin, Emma; Burgess, Neil.
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250:), a species of dragon tree (
831:Deserts and xeric shrublands
608:Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve
76:deserts and xeric shrublands
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668:"Djibouti Xeric Shrublands"
604:Yangudi Rassa National Park
478:(Equus africanus somalicus)
288:and eastwards into western
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803:Djibouti Xeric Shrublands
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529:(Tropiocolotes somalicus)
266:Equus africanus somalicus
199:Djibouti xeric shrublands
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22:Djibouti xeric shrublands
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866:Ecoregions of Somaliland
589:Threats and conservation
519:Arnold's leaf-toed gecko
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272:Location and description
256:), and a large suite of
861:Afrotropical ecoregions
777:Witsen, Deirdre (2012)
557:and a Somali clan, the
109:Sahelian Acacia savanna
94:Eritrean coastal desert
851:Ecoregions of Ethiopia
841:Ecoregions of Djibouti
816:. World Wildlife Fund.
814:Terrestrial Ecoregions
708:. World Wildlife Fund.
706:Terrestrial Ecoregions
612:Nakfa Wildlife Reserve
522:(Hemidactylus arnoldi)
433:Gabal Elba dragon tree
856:Ecoregions of Somalia
846:Ecoregions of Eritrea
750:: e.T30402A95306943.
535:Heteromirafra archeri
494:Soemmerring's Gazelle
248:Heteromirafra archeri
836:Grasslands of Africa
805:at Wikimedia Commons
736:Livistona carinensis
526:Parker's pigmy gecko
421:Livistona carinensis
394:Balanites aegyptiaca
400:Senegalia mellifera
298:Ethiopian Highlands
179:Conservation status
510:Gerbillus acticola
406:Rhigozum somalense
384:Vachellia tortilis
340:northern coast of
310:Dahlak Archipelago
801:Media related to
461:above 1,100 m in
412:Hyphaene thebaica
302:Great Rift Valley
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292:. It covers the
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314:Danakil Alps
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215:Gulf of Aden
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173:Conservation
64:Afrotropical
763:27 February
670:. One Earth
573:capital of
571:Afar Region
552:pastoralist
351:Awash River
337:earthquakes
239:earthquakes
205:defined by
38:Awash River
825:Categories
674:2024-05-27
634:References
616:Day Forest
502:beisa oryx
455:Day Forest
306:Lake Awasa
304:as far as
290:Somaliland
217:coasts in
183:Vulnerable
429:Hadramaut
330:Lac Assal
207:One Earth
203:ecoregion
188:Protected
142:Countries
129:Geography
579:Tadjoura
500:and the
463:Djibouti
447:Djibouti
367:rainfall
286:Djibouti
282:Ethiopia
227:Djibouti
223:Ethiopia
213:and the
159:Ethiopia
149:Djibouti
46:Ethiopia
567:Berbera
498:gerenuk
363:climate
357:Climate
342:Somalia
278:Eritrea
235:Danakil
231:Somalia
219:Eritrea
211:Red Sea
164:Somalia
154:Eritrea
82:Borders
53:Ecology
40:, near
575:Asaita
565:, and
543:People
515:geckos
391:, and
258:desert
201:is an
42:Asaita
624:Mabla
583:Zeila
559:Issas
555:Afars
548:Human
486:beira
469:Fauna
377:Flora
346:Soils
322:Mabla
191:4.68%
71:Biome
59:Realm
765:2022
748:2018
622:and
620:Goda
606:and
524:and
457:and
403:and
361:The
320:and
318:Goda
284:and
229:and
197:The
134:Area
88:List
752:doi
280:to
268:).
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