63:
44:
645:
when the
Phoceaens and the Lacaedemonians first clashed against each other, the former as invaders and the latter as protectors of the Doric capital Kytinion. In the 3rd century BC the Doric Tetrapolis joined the Aetolian League. Subsequently, as we have already seen, they were assisted by the Lacedaemonians, when attacked by the more powerful Phocians and neighbouring tribes. Their towns suffered much in the Phocian, Aetolian, and Macedonian wars, so that it was a wonder to Strabo that any trace of them was left in the
976:
248:, also called Akyphas. Erineus, as the most important, appears to have been also called Dorium. The Dorians, however, did not confine themselves within these narrow limits, but occupied other places along Mount Oeta. Thus Strabo describes the Dorians of the tetrapolis as the larger part of the nation (ix. p. 417); and the Scholiast on Pindar speaks of six Doric towns: Erineus, Cytinium, Boium,
945:
399:, is at least more suitable to the facts attested by historical evidence than the legends given in Herodotus. It is impossible to believe that the inhabitants of such an insignificant district as Doris Proper conquered the greater part of Peloponnesus; and the common tale that the Dorians crossed over from
644:
During the invasion of Xerxes, Doris submitted to the
Persians, and consequently its towns were spared. Doris was one of the oldest members of the Delphic Amphictyony and, according to Thucydides, it was an important and strategic region already 25 years before the Peloponnesian War, the first time
385:; and having passed from Dryopis into the Peloponnesus, they were called the Doric race. For this statement Herodotus could have had no other authority than tradition, and there is therefore no reason for accepting it as an historical relation of facts, as many modern scholars have done. In the
395:, and calling the inhabitants after himself Dorians. By this description is evidently meant the whole country along the northern shore of the Corinthian gulf, comprising Aetolia, Phocis, and the land of the Ozolian Locrians. This statement, according to
558:, which the victors had to dedicate in the temple of Apollo; and Halicarnassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house instead of leaving it in the temple. The hexapolis thus became a pentapolis.
491:. The silence of Homer indicates that the Dorian conquest of Peloponnesus must have taken place subsequent to the time of the poet, and consequently must be assigned to a much later date than the one usually attributed to it.
349:. According to one tradition, Dorus settled once in the country subsequently known as Doris; but other traditions represent them as more widely spread in earlier times. Herodotus relates (i. 56) that in the time of king
196:, into which it flows not far from the sources of the latter. The Pindus is now called the Apostoliá. This valley is open towards Phocis; but it lies higher than the valley of the Cephissus, rising above the towns of
487:
monarchies, and there is no allusion in these poems to any Doric population in
Peloponnesus. In fact the name of the Dorians occurs only once in Homer, and then as one of the many tribes of
785:
Hall, Jonathan M. (2006). "Dorians: Ancient Ethnic Group". In Wilson, Nigel. Encyclopedia of
Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 240–242.
314:, which are evidently the Phocian towns elsewhere called Tithronium and Drymaea. There was an important mountain pass leading across Parnassus from Doris to
333:, as the chief state of Doric origin, on more than one occasion sent assistance to the metropolis when attacked by the Phocians and their other neighbours.
411:
In the historical period the whole of the eastern and southern parts of the
Peloponnese were in the possession of the Dorians. Starting at the isthmus of
989:
280:. The Dorians would appear at one time to have extended across Mount Oeta to the sea coast, both from the preceding account and from the statement of
43:
479:
in its widest sense, was the boundary of the Dorian states on the western side of the peninsula. The districts just mentioned are represented in the
228:
in breadth, which agrees nearly with the extent of the valley of the
Apostoliá in its widest part. In this valley there were four towns forming the
62:
253:
561:
The Doric colonies founded numerous further colonies in historic times. Corinth, the chief commercial city of the
Dorians, colonised
321:
Doris is said to have been originally called
Dryopis from its earlier inhabitants the Dryopes, who were expelled from the country by
419:, the territory of which extended north of the isthmus from the Saronic to the Corinthian gulf; next came Corinth, and to its west
959:
655:
In the 6th century AD the ancient Voion is probably the only one of the cities of the Doric
Tetrapolis still mentioned in the
934:
268:; however, modern scholarship based on numismatic and epigraphic evidence contradicts that view. Carphaea is probably
750:
76:
662:
403:
to the conquest is in accordance with the legend of their being the inhabitants of the northern shore of the gulf.
387:
980:
954:
396:
325:
and the
Malians. It derived its name from the Dorians, who migrated from this district to the conquest of
518:(located on the southwest coast of modern Turkey). About the same time they founded upon the coast of
318:
in the country of the Ozolian Locrians; at the head of this pass stood the Dorian town of Cytinium.
391:
Dorus is represented as occupying the country across the Peloponnese, on the opposite side of the
1033:
1028:
738:
167:
765:
742:
498:
and its connected seas. Doric colonies were founded in mythical times in the islands of Crete,
922:
730:
546:. The members of this hexapolis were accustomed to celebrate a festival, with games, on the
828:
685:
621:, founded by the Lacedaemonians. In the eastern seas there were also several Doric cities:
291:
8:
547:
362:
193:
578:
555:
515:
436:
265:
229:
930:
746:
731:
428:
451:, the last of which, however, was inhabited by Dryopes, and not by Dorians. In the
329:. Hence the country is called the Metropolis of the Peloponnesian Dorians; and the
87:
357:; that in the time of Dorus, the son of Hellen, they inhabited the country called
260:. Some have thought Lilaeum (Lilaea) to have been a Doric town in the time of the
650:
590:
543:
392:
179:
49:
728:
594:
585:, further north, was also a Doric colony, being founded by the Corcyraeans. In
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34:
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invasion, since it is not mentioned among the Phocian towns destroyed by
97:
53:
948: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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times. (Strab. ix. p. 427.) The towns continued to be mentioned by
565:, and planted several colonies on the western coast of Greece, of which
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217:
205:
881:
Grainger, John D. (1999) The League of the Aitolians (Google Books).
530:: these two towns, together with Cos and the three Rhodian towns of
622:
566:
494:
From the Peloponnesus the Dorians spread over various parts of the
464:
322:
307:
295:
269:
241:
159:
729:
Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Phokis".
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923:"Microfederalism in Central Greece: the Dorians and Oitaians"
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929:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 222–230.
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303:
276:, and Dryope is probably the country once inhabited by the
459:
was peopled by Dorians. South of the Argive territory was
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150:, Dorienses) is a small mountainous district in ancient
341:
The name "Dorians" is supposed to have derived from
1020:
381:nation; and that from thence they migrated to
67:Map showing Doris in relation to other regions
733:An inventory of archaic and classical poleis
542:, formed a confederation usually called the
953:
182:, and consists of the valley of the river
369:; that, expelled from Histiaeotis by the
554:; the prizes in those games were brazen
960:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
920:
589:we find several powerful Doric cities:
550:near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian
1021:
925:. In Beck, Hans; Funke, Peter (eds.).
613:, by the Hyblaean Megara. In southern
208:, which are the last towns in Phocis.
722:
336:
170:. It is the original homeland of the
467:, both ruled by Dorians: the river
13:
617:there was the great Doric city of
14:
1045:
968:
899:Pliny iv. 7. s. 13; comp. Müller
423:; south of these two cities were
974:
943:
483:poems as the seats of the great
471:, which separated Messenia from
61:
42:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
843:
834:
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641:, all three founded by Megara.
353:they inhabited the district of
174:Greeks. It lies between Mounts
800:
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713:
704:
695:
675:
224:and Phocis, and being only 30
1:
927:Federalism in Greek Antiquity
668:
284:, who speaks (p. 24) of
957:, ed. (1854–1857). "Doris".
710:Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. 286.
220:(viii. 31) as lying between
211:
7:
601:, by Rhodians and Cretans;
306:(xxvii. 7) places in Doris
10:
1050:
914:
772:
629:, founded by Corinth; and
593:, founded by Corinth; the
406:
286:
188:
138:
132:
123:
114:
581:were the most important.
93:
82:
72:
60:
48:Hypothetical map of the "
41:
31:
25:
21:
290:. Among the Doric towns
16:Region of Ancient Greece
921:Rousset, Denis (2015).
903:, book i. c. 2; Leake,
739:Oxford University Press
609:, founded by Gela; and
963:. London: John Murray.
907:, vol. ii. p. 90, seq.
890:Thuc. i. 107, iii. 92.
766:Stephanus of Byzantium
692:, vol. ii. pp. 72, 92.
625:, in the peninsula of
377:, and were called the
298:, called Amphanaea by
216:Doris is described by
192:), a tributary of the
147:
827:Strabo viii. p. 383;
983:at Wikimedia Commons
797:i. 56, viii. 31, 43.
686:William Martin Leake
435:was divided between
1001: /
872:Herodotus viii. 31.
806:Herodotus viii. 31.
548:Triopian promontory
415:, there were first
463:, and to its west
337:Origin of the name
1005:38.683°N 22.433°E
979:Media related to
936:978-0-521-19226-2
863:Herodotus i. 144.
701:Strabo x. p. 427.
475:, included under
433:Argolic peninsula
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684:ix. p. 427;
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83:Major cities
1008: /
741:. pp.
388:Bibliotheca
359:Histiaeotis
287:Λιμοδωριεῖς
274:Thermopylae
158:, southern
54:Peloponnese
1023:Categories
840:i. 7. § 3.
816:Thucydides
669:References
658:Synecdemus
627:Chalcidice
607:Agrigentum
571:Anactorium
379:Macedonian
300:Theopompus
294:mentioned
202:Tithronium
33:Region of
854:xix. 177.
795:Herodotus
663:Hierocles
639:Byzantium
635:Chalcedon
631:Selymbria
583:Epidamnus
579:Apollonia
473:Triphylia
441:Epidaurus
401:Naupactus
371:Cadmeians
355:Phthiotis
351:Deucalion
292:Hecataeus
218:Herodotus
212:Geography
206:Amphicaea
194:Cephissus
180:Parnassus
52:" of the
831:, c. 27.
623:Potidaea
619:Tarentum
591:Syracuse
567:Ambracia
465:Messenia
449:Hermione
323:Heracles
316:Amphissa
308:Tritonon
296:Amphanae
270:Scarphea
254:Carphaea
242:Cytinium
160:Thessaly
94:Dialects
73:Location
996:22°26′E
993:38°41′N
952::
915:Sources
901:Dorians
851:Odyssey
773:Ἀμφαναί
611:Selinus
563:Corcyra
556:tripods
540:Camirus
536:Ialysus
485:Achaean
481:Homeric
461:Laconia
445:Troezen
429:Cleonae
413:Corinth
407:History
383:Dryopis
367:Olympus
312:Drymiae
278:Dryopes
262:Persian
250:Lilaeum
234:Erineus
198:Drymaea
156:Aetolia
139:Δωριεῖς
124:Δωριεύς
115:ἡ Δωρίς
933:
749:
745:–422.
682:Strabo
637:, and
603:Zancle
587:Sicily
577:, and
575:Leucas
552:Apollo
538:, and
532:Lindus
524:Cnidus
508:Rhodes
496:Aegean
457:Aegina
447:, and
431:: the
425:Phlius
421:Sicyon
417:Megara
347:Hellen
282:Scylax
266:Xerxes
258:Dryope
256:, and
246:Pindus
244:, and
226:stadia
204:, and
189:Πίνδος
184:Pindus
172:Dorian
168:Phocis
166:, and
162:, the
152:Greece
133:Δωριῆς
829:Conon
769:s. v.
651:Pliny
647:Roman
615:Italy
520:Caria
516:Doris
504:Thera
500:Melos
489:Crete
437:Argos
397:Smith
343:Dorus
272:near
238:Boium
222:Malis
148:Dores
144:Latin
110:Greek
106:Doris
98:Doric
26:Δωρίς
23:Doris
931:ISBN
747:ISBN
599:Gela
526:and
477:Elis
469:Neda
427:and
365:and
363:Ossa
310:and
304:Livy
178:and
176:Oeta
120:Eth.
86:The
743:421
661:of
512:Cos
129:pl.
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