Depressant - Knowledge

3945: 3441: 2675: 1458: 45: 3620:, they are highly concentrated in the brain stem. Depending on the receptor, activation of them has the ability to stop pain from making its way to the brain and being perceived as pain. Hence, opioids do not actually "stop" pain; they simply stop you from knowing you are in pain. Pain and the ability to modify it based on an organism's environment is an evolutionary advantage, and it has been shown that it can help an organism escape and survive certain situations where they may otherwise be immobilized due to pain and injury. The 2663: 3424: 3457: 2649: 1443: 15010: 4688: 403: 15031: 4671: 4430: 851: 3305: 3291: 603: 1472: 7438: 847:, and muscle injuries combined with rest, physical therapy, and other measures. The effects, synthesis, and mechanism of action of carbamates are very similar to those of barbiturates. There are many different types of carbamates: some only produce anxiolytic and hypnotic effects, while others only have anticonvulsant effects. 2107:. that "it was misled into believing Neurontin was effective for off-label treatment of migraines, bipolar disorder and other conditions. Pfizer argued that Kaiser physicians "still recommend the drug for those uses" and that "the insurer's website also still lists Neurontin as a drug for neuropathic pain." 4523:

effects. Mixing codeine with glutethimide allowed more codeine to be converted into morphine in the body, thus increasing its effect. These were known as "hits", "cibas and codeine", and "dors and 4s". Glutethimide was believed to be safer than barbiturates, but many people died from the drug. Demand

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Adverse reactions are as follows: "taste disturbance (some report a metallic-like taste); less commonly, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache; rarely, amnesia, confusion, depression, hallucinations, nightmares; very rarely, lightheadedness, incoordination, paradoxical effects,

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and acute withdrawal reactions, which may resemble those seen during benzodiazepine withdrawal. Treatment usually entails gradually reducing the dosage over a period of weeks or several months, depending on the individual, dosage, and length of time the drug has been taken. If this approach fails, a

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Read, Stephanie H.; Giannakeas, Vasily; Pop, Paula; Bronskill, Susan E.; Herrmann, Nathan; Chen, Simon; Luke, Miles J.; Wu, Wei; McCarthy, Lisa M.; Austin, Peter C.; Normand, Sharon-Lise (October 2021). "Evidence of a gabapentinoid and diuretic prescribing cascade among older adults with lower back

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are referred to as "quaaludes", "ludes", and "disco biscuits". Methaqualone was very commonly abused in the western world during the 1960s and 1970s. Methaqualone was mainly prescribed for insomnia, as it was thought to be safer than barbiturates and carbamates. Methaqualone became highly abused by

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was launched in 1955. It quickly became the first popular psychotropic drug in America, becoming popular in Hollywood and gaining fame for its seemingly miraculous effects. It has since been marketed under more than 100 trade names, including Amepromat, Quivet, and Zirpon. Carisoprodol, which

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Wolnik, Karen A.; Heitkemper, Douglas T.; Crowe, John B.; Barnes, Barbara S.; Brueggemeyer, Thomas W. (1995). "Application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry to forensic analysis of sodium gamma hydroxy butyrate and ephedrine hydrochloride. Invited lecture".

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and sleep-walking are also reported." Some users of nonbenzodiazepines have sleepwalked and committed murders or have been involved in motor vehicle accidents. Unlike benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines have a risk of hallucinations and sleepwalking. Like benzodiazepines, they can cause

4026:. They are located in the brain stem, which connects to the spine. This area has a high density of μ-opioid receptors as they block pain going up from the spine into the brain. These areas are the oldest and most primitive parts of the brain. They control automatic functions such as 1055:

dependence does happen with long-term use of carbamates, particularly carisoprodol. Today, carisoprodol is only used in the short term for muscle pain, particularly back pain. Discontinuation after long-term use could be very intense and even possibly fatal. Withdrawal can resemble

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for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.

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Son, Seong Uk; Jang, Soojin; Kang, Byunghoon; Kim, Junseok; Lim, Jaewoo; Seo, Seungbeom; Kang, Taejoon; Jung, Juyeon; Lee, Kyu-Sun; Kim, Hyungjun; Lim, Eun-Kyung (15 November 2021). "Colorimetric paper sensor for visual detection of date-rape drug γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)".

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Quinazolinones are a class of depressants that are rarely used anymore. Quinazolinones have powerful sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic effects. Quinazolinone's structure is very similar to that of some antibiotics. Quinazolinone's main mechanism of action is binding to the

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Combining multiple depressants can be very dangerous because the central nervous system's depressive properties have been proposed to increase exponentially instead of linearly. This characteristic makes depressants a common choice for deliberate overdoses in the case of

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at very high doses; at lower doses, they have the opposite effect. High doses of a δ-opioid agonist can cause seizures, although not all delta agonists produce this effect. Activation of the delta receptor is usually stimulating instead of sedating like most opioids.

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Ingels, Marianne; Rangan, Cyrus; Bellezzo, Joseph; Clark, Richard F (July 2000). "Coma and respiratory depression following the ingestion of GHB and its precursors: Three cases11Selected Topics: Toxicology is coordinated by Kenneth Kulig, MD, of Denver, Colorado".

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Boscolo-Berto, Rafael; Viel, Guido; Montagnese, Sara; Raduazzo, Daniella I.; Ferrara, Santo D.; Dauvilliers, Yves (October 2012). "Narcolepsy and effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

4852:, widespread abuse, and illegal recreational use. Nonbenzodiazepines and benzodiazepines are now used to treat insomnia instead. Methaqualone is now a Schedule I substance. Some quinazolinone analogues are still sold online. They come with the risk of seizures. 10147:

Carter, Lawrence P.; Wu, Huifang; Chen, Weibin; Cruz, Christopher M.; Lamb, R. J.; Koek, Wouter; Coop, Andy; France, Charles P. (January 2004). "Effects of γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on Schedule-Controlled Responding in Rats: Role of GHB and GABA B Receptors".

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to be released, as it is no longer blocked by GABA. Disinhibition of GABA may be responsible for causing seizures, an uncommon adverse effect of opioids. GABAergic disinhibition is also why opioids are not considered true depressants. This excitement of

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due to respiratory depression. By the late 1950s, concerns over the mounting social costs associated with barbiturates prompted a concerted effort to find alternative medications. Most people still using barbiturates today do so for the prevention of

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activity and so were suspected of being produced by a novel and, at the time, unidentified receptor target. At higher doses, seizures are very common. This is thought to be mediated through an increased Na/K current and the increased release of

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Jutkiewicz, Emily M.; Baladi, Michelle G.; Folk, John E.; Rice, Kenner C.; Woods, James H. (June 2006). "The Convulsive and Electroencephalographic Changes Produced by Nonpeptidic δ-Opioid Agonists in Rats: Comparison with Pentylenetetrazol".

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Carbamates gained widespread use in the 1950s, alongside barbiturates. While their popularity has gradually waned due to concerns over overdose and dependence potential, newer derivatives of carbamates continue to be developed. Among these is

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when naloxone is used. Since naloxone blocks any endogenous or exogenous opioids from binding to the μ-opioid receptor. This may cause a person to immediately go into withdrawal after naloxone is used. This can cause withdrawal symptoms like

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is very commonly cut into other substances sold on the street. Fentanyl is used to increase the potency of substances, thus making the user spend more money on the laced substance. Codeine is a weaker natural opiate that is usually used for

5013:-class depressant. It has sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and central nervous system depressant properties. It was highly abused and had a high risk of overdose. Users would snort or smoke the free-base etaqualone hydrochloride salt. 4009:

from slow and shallow breathing. Mixing opioids with another depressant, such as benzodiazepines or alcohol, increases the chance of an overdose and respiratory depression. Opioid overdose causes a decreased level of consciousness,

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in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood, or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America, a blood alcohol content of 0.10 g/dL means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every

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Maitre, Michel; Ratomponirina, Charline; Gobaille, Serge; Hodé, Yann; Hechler, Viviane (21 April 1994). "Displacement of γ-hydroxybutyrate binding by benzamide neuroleptics and prochlorperazine but not by other antipsychotics".

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Hammer, Harriet; Bader, Benjamin M.; Ehnert, Corina; Bundgaard, Christoffer; Bunch, Lennart; Hoestgaard-Jensen, Kirsten; Schroeder, Olaf H.-U.; Bastlund, Jesper F.; Gramowski-Voß, Alexandra; Jensen, Anders A. (August 2015).

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occasionally occur. A minority of patients react to benzodiazepines with paradoxical agitation. Long-term use is controversial due to adverse psychological and cognitive effects, decreasing effectiveness, dependence, and

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Althobaiti, Yusuf S.; Alghorabi, Amal; Alshehri, Fahad S.; Baothman, Bandar; Almalki, Atiah H.; Alsaab, Hashem O.; Alsanie, Walaa; Gaber, Ahmed; Almalki, Hussam; Alghamdi, Abdulrahman S.; Basfer, Ahmad (26 June 2020).

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located in the central nervous system. KOR is also a G protein-coupled receptor. Humans and some other primates have a higher density of kappa receptors than most other animals. KOR is responsible for nociception,

3322:, sometimes referred to as Z-drugs, are a class of hypnotic depressants that are mainly used to treat insomnia and sometimes anxiety. They are structurally related to benzodiazepines. They positively modulate the 9353:

Ratomponirina, Charline; Gobaille, Serge; Hodé, Yann; Kemmel, Véronique; Maitre, Michel (10 April 1998). "Sulpiride, but not haloperidol, up-regulates γ-hydroxybutyrate receptors in vivo and in cultured cells".

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Jordan, Allan M.; Khan, Tariq H.; Malkin, Hugh; Osborn, Helen M. I. (August 2002). "Synthesis and analysis of urea and carbamate prodrugs as candidates for melanocyte-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (MDEPT)".

4871:. Many celebrities have used quinazolinone, most notably methaqualone. Bill Cosby admitted to casual sex involving the recreational use of methaqualone. 18-year-old actor Anissa Jones died from an overdose of 9630:

Yan, Han Helen (March 2013). "Off-Label Promotion Is Protected Speech: Second Circuit Sweeps Away Pharmaceutical Representative's Misbranding Conviction Under the First Amendment – United States v. Caronia".

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Levandovskiy, Igor A; Sharapa, Dmitry I; Shamota, Tatyana V; Rodionov, Vladimir N; Shubina, Tatyana E (February 2011). "Conformationally Restricted GABA Analogs: From Rigid Carbocycles to Cage Hydrocarbons".

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Garcia-Borreguero, D.; Larrosa, O.; de la Llave, Y.; Verger, K.; Masramon, X.; Hernandez, G. (26 November 2002). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome with gabapentin: a double-blind, cross-over study".

2037:. Phenibut is used in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Latvia to treat anxiety and improve sleep, as in the treatment of insomnia. It is also used for various other indications, including the treatment of 8924:

Alshaikh, Mashael K.; Gacuan, Divine; George, Smitha; Sharif, Munir; BaHammam, Ahmed S. (January 2011). "Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Treated With Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem)".

3651:. When the μ-opioid receptor is activated, it causes pain relief, euphoria, constipation, constricted pupils, itching, and nausea. The μ-opioid is located in the gastrointestinal tract, which controls 4793:

occurs when someone who has become dependent on a quinazolinone ceases usage. Quinazolinone withdrawal resembles ethanol, barbiturate, benzodiazepine, and carbamate withdrawal. It usually consists of

729:, the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases. Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other addictive drugs. In addition, all benzodiazepines are listed in the 9822:

van Amsterdam, Jan G. C.; Brunt, Tibor M.; McMaster, Minni T. B.; Niesink, Raymond J. M. (April 2012). "Possible long-term effects of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) due to neurotoxicity and overdose".

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Degenhardt, Louisa; Darke, Shane; Dillon, Paul (February 2003). "The prevalence and correlates of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) overdose among Australian users: GHB overdose among Australian users".

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Hu, R. Q; Banerjee, P. K; Snead III, O. C (March 2000). "Regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in cerebral cortex in the γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) model of absence seizures in rat".

3400:) can be tried, followed by a gradual reduction in dosage. In extreme cases and, in particular, where severe addiction and/or abuse are manifested, inpatient detoxification may be required, with 522:

Barbiturates were once popular treatments for insomnia, anxiety, and seizures, although their popularity has waned in recent decades. Barbiturates are sometimes used recreationally; they cause

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van Noorden, Martijn S.; van Dongen, Lieselotte C. A. M.; Zitman, Frans G.; Vergouwen, Ton (A. )C. M. (July 2009). "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome: dangerous but not well-known".

1188:, the use of the drug was restricted. Carisoprodol, known as "Soma", is still commonly used today for its muscle relaxant effects. It is also very commonly abused around the world. It is a 967:

metabolizes into meprobamate and is still used mainly for its muscle relaxant effects, can potentially be abused. Its mechanism of action is very similar to that of barbiturates, alcohol,

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Glutethimide withdrawal is intense and resembles barbiturate withdrawal. It features hallucinations and delirium typical of a depressant withdrawal. In the 1970s, there were reports of

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Davis, Lori L.; Trivedi, Madhukar; Choate, Amy; Kramer, Gerald L.; Petty, Frederick (April 1997). "Growth hormone response to the GABAB agonist baclofen in major depressive disorder".

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to antidepressants to opioids and opiates. Due to its effects on the conversion of opioids, it was highly abused and mixed with opioids like codeine. Codeine must be metabolized to

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and receptors is a hallmark of a depressant. Without glutamate the pain signal gets "cut short" and cannot ascend a pathway and reach pain processing centers in the midbrain of the

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was high in the United States at one point. Production of glutethimide was discontinued in the US in 1993 and in several eastern European countries, most notably Hungary, in 2006.

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develops quickly. It is also highly psychologically addictive. It shares some similarities with the withdrawal of gabapentinoids phenibut and baclofen due to the activation of the

1010:. Unlike benzodiazepines, which increase the frequency of the chloride channel opening, carisoprodol increases the duration of channel opening when GABA is bound. GABA is the main 717:. However, they are much less toxic than their predecessors, barbiturates, and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken; however, when combined with other 7002:

Sokolski, K. N.; Green, C.; Maris, D. E.; DeMet, E. M. (December 1999). "Gabapentin as an adjunct to standard mood stabilizers in outpatients with mixed bipolar symptomatology".

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the μ-opioid receptor, it disrupts the functioning of the receptor. Since naloxone is powerful and highly selective for the μ-opioid receptor, it can knock powerful opioids like

3659:, which can be extremely problematic and distressing. Activation of this receptor also causes relaxation of voluntary and involuntary muscles, which can cause side effects like 2915:. It is also a transporter for vitamin B2. The existence of a specific GHB receptor was predicted by observing the action of GHB and related compounds that primarily act on the 3561:) is an opioid receptor that is involved in pain responses, anxiety, movement, reward, hunger, memory, and much more. It plays a major role in the development of tolerance to 10488:

Lingford-Hughes, Anne; Patel, Yash; Bowden-Jones, Owen; Crawford, Mike J.; Dargan, Paul I.; Gordon, Fabiana; Parrott, Steve; Weaver, Tim; Wood, David M. (27 September 2016).

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Scharf, Martin B.; Lai, Allen A.; Branigan, Barb; Stover, Robin; Berkowitz, David B. (August 1998). "Pharmacokinetics of Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) in Narcoleptic Patients".

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Xu, Xiao-Min; Wei, You-Dong; Liu, Yang; Li, Zuo-Xiao (December 2019). "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) for narcolepsy in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Fait, Aaron; Yellin, Ayelet; Fromm, Hillel (2006). "GABA and GHB Neurotransmitters in Plants and Animals". In Baluška, František; Mancuso, Stefano; Volkmann, Dieter (eds.).

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effects, along with the sedative and anxiolytic actions common to other drugs of this class. There are still some concerns about the potential of diproqualone for abuse and

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Elliott, Simon; Burgess, Victoria (16 July 2005). "The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages".

12150: 3519:, but they also excite certain areas of the central nervous system. To remain true to the term "depressant", opioids cannot be classified as such. For opioid agonists and 488:(distilled beverages). They are legally consumed in most countries around the world. More than 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption. 10323:

McDonough, Michael; Kennedy, Noel; Glasper, Anthony; Bearn, Jenny (15 July 2004). "Clinical features and management of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) withdrawal: a review".

4034:. Opioids stop this process and cause respiratory depression and constipation. The brain stem no longer detects carbon dioxide in the blood, so it does not initiate the 10434:

Wolf, Casper J. H.; Beurmanjer, Harmen; Dijkstra, Boukje A. G.; Geerlings, Alexander C.; Spoelder, Marcia; Homberg, Judith R.; Schellekens, Arnt F. A. (January 2021).

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are extremely effective for insomnia but carry many risks and side effects. Sleeping pills, including zopiclone, have been associated with an increased risk of death.

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Twyman, Roy E.; Rogers, Carl J.; Macdonald, Robert L. (March 1989). "Differential regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor channels by diazepam and phenobarbital".

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Roth, R. H.; Giarman, N. J. (May 1968). "Evidence that central nervous system depression by 1,4-butanediol is mediated through a metabolite, gamma-hydroxybutyrate".

4913:. It had useful cough suppressant effects and weaker sedative effects than methaqualone, but was ultimately withdrawn due to its potential for abuse and overdose. 4774:. In 1982, 2,764 people visited US emergency rooms after overdosing on quinazolinones, specifically methaqualone. Mixing quinazolinones with another depressant is 10237:

Iii, O. Carter Snead (August 1988). "γ-Hydroxybutyrate Model of Generalized Absence Seizures: Further Characterization and Comparison with Other Absence Models".

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Hamrin, V.; Bailey, K. (2001). "Gabapentin and methylphenidate treatment of a preadolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder".

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Lo, Hsiao-Sui; Yang, Chien-Ming; Lo, Helen G.; Lee, Chien-Ying; Ting, Hua; Tzang, Bor-Show (March 2010). "Treatment effects of gabapentin for primary insomnia".

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Bay, Tina; Eghorn, Laura F.; Klein, Anders B.; Wellendorph, Petrine (15 January 2014). "GHB receptor targets in the CNS: Focus on high-affinity binding sites".

3549:(mu, kappa, and delta), although up to seventeen have been reported, and include the ε, ι, λ, and ζ (epsilon, iota, lambda, and zeta) receptors. Conversely, σ ( 16108: 12245: 11940:"A Multifaceted GABAA Receptor Modulator: Functional Properties and Mechanism of Action of the Sedative-Hypnotic and Recreational Drug Methaqualone (Quaalude)" 8967:

U. S. Xyrem Multicenter Study Group (March 2004). "Sodium oxybate demonstrates long-term efficacy for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy".

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Desai, Aaron; Kherallah, Yazan; Szabo, Cheryl; Marawar, Rohit (March 2019). "Gabapentin or pregabalin induced myoclonus: A case series and literature review".

7412:"FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR)" 4531:

from glutethimide. Infants born to mothers addicted to glutethimide responded well initially, then had a recurrence of symptoms about 5 days later, including

14962: 14042: 1760: 17498: 3667:. The μ-opioid receptor can also reduce androgens, thus decreasing libido and sexual function. The receptor is also known to cause "musical anhedonia". 17276: 5958:

Spencer, Sade; Brown, Robyn M.; Quintero, Gabriel C.; Kupchik, Yonatan M.; Thomas, Charles A.; Reissner, Kathryn J.; Kalivas, Peter W. (18 June 2014).

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Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark (2001).

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Twyman, R.; Rogers, C. J.; Macdonald, R. (1989). "Differential regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor channels by diazepam and phenobarbital".

16530: 15019: 1180:. It is marketed in Europe and has been largely, but not completely, discontinued. On 4 April 1997, after over 30 years of use due to reports of 173:

as a category of drugs, with significant overlap. The terms may sometimes be used interchangeably or may be used in somewhat different contexts.

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Elliott, Simon P.; Burke, Timothy; Smith, Christopher (January 2017). "Determining the Toxicological Significance of Pregabalin in Fatalities".

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Rho, J. M.; Donevan, S. D.; Rogawski, M. A. (March 1997). "Barbiturate-like actions of the propanediol dicarbamates felbamate and meprobamate".

4014:, and respiratory depression. Other symptoms include seizures and muscle spasms. Opioids activate μ-opioid receptors in specific regions of the 3616:

are specialized pain-blocking receptors. They bind a wide range of hormones, peptides, and much more. Although they are found everywhere in the

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Bennett, W. R. Murray; Wilson, Lawrence G.; Roy-Byrne, Peter P. (September 2007). "Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Withdrawal: A Case Report".

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Zhai, Duanting; Tan, Yong Qiao Elton; Xu, Wang; Chang, Young-Tae (2014). "Development of a fluorescent sensor for illicit date rape drug GHB".

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Depressants exert their effects through a number of different pharmacological mechanisms, the most prominent of which include facilitation of

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Viviani, Roberto; Graf, Heiko; Wiegers, Maike; Abler, Birgit (September 2013). "Effects of amisulpride on human resting cerebral perfusion".

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Poldrugo, F (January 1999). "Review. The role of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcoholism: from animal to clinical studies".

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many, including celebrities, after its introduction in 1965. Methaqualone was first synthesized in India in 1951 by Indra Kishore Kacker and

3588:, the spine is connected to the brain by a structure called the brain stem. The brain stem is the first part of the brain that develops in a 11879:

Friedlander, Terence W.; Ryan, Charles J. (2010). "Adrenal Androgen Synthesis Inhibitor Therapies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer".

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Degenhardt, Louisa; Darke, Shane; Dillon, Paul (June 2002). "GHB use among Australians: characteristics, use patterns and associated harm".

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Kawalec, Paweł; Cierniak, Agnieszka; Pilc, Andrzej; Nowak, Gabriel (April 2015). "Pregabalin for the treatment of social anxiety disorder".

17061: 8073:"Pregabalin withdrawal in patients without psychiatric disorders taking a regular dose of pregabalin: A case series and literature review" 2733:, is commonly used today for narcolepsy, sudden muscle weakness, and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is sold under the brand name Xyrem. 17562: 17221: 14032: 12886: 5384: 7598:

Kalk, Nicola J.; Chiu, Ching-Ting; Sadoughi, Rasa; Baho, Heli; Williams, Bryn D.; Taylor, David; Copeland, Caroline S. (18 April 2022).

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Baclofen and phenibut are very effective for withdrawal and are preferred by patients over benzodiazepines for treatment of withdrawal.

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Strunc, Michael J.; Black, Jed; Lillaney, Prasheel; Profant, Judi; Mills, Sherice; Bujanover, Shay; Thorpy, Michael J. (March 2021).

6219: 5325:. The use of alcohol or benzodiazepines along with the usual dose of heroin is often the cause of overdose deaths in opiate addicts. 12088:

van Zyl, Etienne F. (1 November 2001). "A survey of reported synthesis of methaqualone and some positional and structural isomers".

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Kamal, Rama M.; van Noorden, Martijn S.; Franzek, Ernst; Dijkstra, Boukje A.G.; Loonen, Anton J.M.; De Jong, Cornelius A.J. (2016).

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Gonzalez, Lorie A.; Gatch, Michael B.; Taylor, Cynthia M.; Bell-Horner, Cathy L.; Forster, Michael J.; Dillon, Glenn H. (May 2009).

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at only slightly above the effective sedative dose. It would appear that this compound was sold on the black market in Germany as a

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Overdosing on quinazolinone sometimes causes effects that are the opposite of quinazolinone-like sedation. The overdose consists of

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Pandya, K J; Morrow, G R; Roscoe, J A; Hickok, J T; Zhao, H; Pajon, E; Sweeney, T J; Banerjee, T K; Flynn, P J (3 September 2005).

3553:) receptors are no longer considered to be opioid receptors because their activation is not reversed by the opioid inverse-agonist 2002: 1659:

adverse effect of gabapentinoids, while N-type calcium channels are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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Gomes, Tara; Juurlink, David N.; Antoniou, Tony; Mamdani, Muhammad M.; Paterson, J. Michael; van den Brink, Wim (3 October 2017).

3904:(NOP) is involved in the regulation of numerous brain activities, particularly instinctive emotional behaviors and pain. NOP is a 2889:, and other countries. Xyrem, which is GHB in its sodium form, is Schedule III in the United States, Canada, and other countries. 2126:. Mixing gabapentinoids with opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, GHB, alcohol, or any other depressant is potentially deadly. 1028:, which is why many have been replaced with benzodiazepines. Symptoms are similar to a barbiturate overdose and typically include 17286: 16826: 16505: 16078: 11776:

Misailidi, Nektaria; Papoutsis, Ioannis; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Dona, Artemisia; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris (2018).

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Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro; Pani, Pier Paolo; Rovai, Luca; Pacini, Matteo; Dell'Osso, Liliana; Maremmani, Icro (July 2011).

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Sood, Amit; Ebbert, Jon O.; Wyatt, Kirk D.; Croghan, Ivana T.; Schroeder, Darrell R.; Sood, Richa; Hays, J. Taylor (March 2010).

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Derry, Sheena; Bell, Rae Frances; Straube, Sebastian; Wiffen, Philip J.; Aldington, Dominic; Moore, R. Andrew (23 January 2019).

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in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioral effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure; they are known to cause

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Casida, John E. (January 1993). "Insecticide action at the GABA-gated chloride channel: Recognition, progress, and prospects".

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Sewell, R. A.; Petrakis, I. L. (January 2011). "Does Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Have a Role in the Treatment of Alcoholism?".

4140:, diarrhea, and post-operative pain. It is very easy to overdose on these substances, especially if the user has no tolerance. 2811:

is a medication that is a mixture of all GHB salts and is used to treat the same conditions as Xyrem. Both Xywav and Xyrem are

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Bourdy, Romain; Barrot, Michel (November 2012). "A new control center for dopaminergic systems: pulling the VTA by the tail".

9056:"Safety Overview of Postmarketing and Clinical Experience of Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem): Abuse, Misuse, Dependence, and Diversion" 8597:

Tunnicliff, Godfrey (January 1997). "Sites of Action of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)–A Neuroactive Drug with Abuse Potential".

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Hellwig, Thaddaus R.; Hammerquist, Rhonda; Termaat, Jill (June 2010). "Withdrawal symptoms after gabapentin discontinuation".

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Honorio Benzon; James P. Rathmell; Christopher L. Wu; Dennis C. Turk; Charles E. Argoff; Robert W Hurley (11 September 2013).

6007:

Dooley DJ, Taylor CP, Donevan S, Feltner D (2007). "Ca2+ channel alpha2delta ligands: novel modulators of neurotransmission".

17196: 16515: 16058: 14386: 12408: 12277:

Szirmai, A. (November 1963). "Pharmacological and Therapeutic Studies with a New Quinazolone Derivative, Nitromethaqualone".

11896: 11863: 11836: 10782: 8486: 6517: 6480: 6428: 6154: 6086: 6059: 5451: 3686:. The opioid processes involve mu opioid receptors and are present in the rostromedial shell of the nucleus accumbens on its 2362:

from phenibut or baclofen could possibly be life-threatening because of its mechanism of action. Abrupt withdrawal can cause

323:

activity. Other examples are chemicals that modify the electrical signaling inside the body, the most prominent of which are

8071:

Ishikawa, Hayahito; Takeshima, Masahiro; Ishikawa, Hiroyasu; Ayabe, Naoko; Ohta, Hidenobu; Mishima, Kazuo (September 2021).

6861:

Freynhagen, Rainer; Backonja, Miroslav; Schug, Stephan; Lyndon, Gavin; Parsons, Bruce; Watt, Stephen; Behar, Regina (2016).

3843:. Dysregulation of this receptor system has been implicated in alcohol and drug addiction. The endogenous ligand for KOR is 16795: 15710: 14673: 14666: 9007:"Illicit gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and pharmaceutical sodium oxybate (Xyrem®): Differences in characteristics and misuse" 4771: 2998: 2363: 9583:"The Xyrem® (Sodium Oxybate) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program in the USA: Results From 2016 to 2017" 9186:"The Neurobiological Mechanisms of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Dependence and Withdrawal and Their Clinical Relevance: A Review" 8422:"Gammahydroxybutyrate: An overview of the pros and cons for it being a neurotransmitter and/or a useful therapeutic agent" 6206:

Bryans, Justin S.; Wustrow, David J. (1999). "3-Substituted GABA analogs with central nervous system activity: A review".

17141: 16510: 2886: 2103:, the penalty is automatically tripled, so the finding will cost Pfizer $ 141 million." The case stems from a claim from 1729: 8821:"Long-Term γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and Disulfiram Combination Therapy in GHB Treatment-Resistant Chronic Alcoholics" 4448:

are a class of depressants that are not used anymore. There are piperidinediones that are used for other purposes, like

2698:

that is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and depressant drug. It is also naturally found in small amounts in some

17567: 17236: 16610: 15891: 15068: 14416: 14279: 4848:, combining the words "quiet interlude". Methaqualone was discontinued in the United States in 1985, mainly due to its 2347: 1511: 1089: 683: 9752:

Couper, F. J.; Thatcher, J. E.; Logan, B. K. (September 2004). "Suspected GHB Overdoses in the Emergency Department".

6677:

Derry, Sheena; Cording, Malene; Wiffen, Philip J.; Law, Simon; Phillips, Tudor; Moore, R. Andrew (29 September 2016).

17256: 17241: 17211: 17066: 16976: 16662: 16627: 15979: 15730: 15167: 14040: 13142: 12387: 12366: 12252: 5478: 5334: 3516: 2816: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2745: 1876: 1699: 1625: 1011: 571:(sometimes colloquially "benzo"; often abbreviated "BZD") is a drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a 371: 94: 11627:

Barrot, Michel; Sesack, Susan R.; Georges, François; Pistis, Marco; Hong, Simon; Jhou, Thomas C. (10 October 2012).

17226: 17131: 17046: 16991: 16800: 16632: 16620: 12401: 12383: 1189: 11077:

Ho, Jo-Hao; Stahl, Edward L.; Schmid, Cullen L.; Scarry, Sarah M.; Aubé, Jeffrey; Bohn, Laura M. (7 August 2018).

10490:"Improving GHB withdrawal with baclofen: study protocol for a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial" 5635:

Kulig, Katarzyna; Malawska, Barbara (October 2007). "Carisbamate, a new carbamate for the treatment of epilepsy".

3869:. Antagonizing the κ-opioid receptor may be able to treat depression, anxiety, stress, addiction, and alcoholism. 3636:, are responsible for the majority of the physical and psychological effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids. 17465: 17389: 17291: 16986: 16950: 16785: 16692: 16053: 14569: 14025: 9717:

Zvosec, Deborah L.; Smith, Stephen W.; Hall, Brad J. (April 2009). "Three deaths associated with use of Xyrem®".

3963: 1860: 1718: 473: 10026:

Gamel-Didelon, Katia; Corsi, Claudia; Pepeu, Giancarlo; Jung, Heike; Gratzl, Manfred; Mayerhofer, Artur (2002).

7131:"Gabapentin for hot flashes in 420 women with breast cancer: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial" 4100:. Opioids decrease the release of GABA, thus disinhibiting the GABAergic brake on dopamine networks. GABA is an 2965:

receptor. It features a typical depressant withdrawal syndrome that mimics alcohol withdrawal. Symptoms include

17511: 17266: 17251: 17231: 17206: 17191: 17151: 17091: 17041: 16677: 12374: 4670: 4085: 4081: 3633: 3463: 2346:

or for long periods of time. If baclofen or phenibut is used for long periods of time, it can resemble intense

2257: 2046: 10365:[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) dependence and the GHB withdrawal syndrome: diagnosis and treatment] 10028:"An Autocrine Role for Pituitary GABA: Activation of GABA-B Receptors and Regulation of Growth Hormone Levels" 9433: 3908:. The nociception receptor controls a wide range of biological functions, including nociception, food intake, 17445: 17394: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17011: 16722: 15567: 9054:

Wang, Y. Grace; Swick, Todd J.; Carter, Lawrence P.; Thorpy, Michael J.; Benowitz, Neal L. (15 August 2009).

3959: 3383:

Nonbenzodiazepines should not be discontinued abruptly if taken for more than a few weeks due to the risk of

2835:

on GHB is fatal with or without mixing other CNS depressants. Death from a GHB overdose is usually caused by

1644: 1527: 1463: 653:

is often used in anesthesiology. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia,

11559:

Introduction: The Pharmacology of Buprenorphine, Precipitated Withdrawal & Management of Adverse Effects

10361:

van Noorden, Martijn S.; Kamal, Rama; de Jong, Cor A. J.; Vergouwen, A. C. M. Ton; Zitman, Frans G. (2010).

8157:"Oral Baclofen Withdrawal Resulting in Progressive Weakness and Sedation Requiring Intensive Care Admission" 1882:. Gabapentinoids prevent delivery of the calcium channels to the cell membrane and disrupt interactions of α 17271: 17261: 17216: 17201: 17181: 17171: 17146: 17126: 17056: 17016: 17006: 16996: 14268: 14050: 8258:"Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome- a life-threatening complication of baclofen pump: A case report" 7417: 2947:

receptor. It is being investigated if endogenous GHB is responsible for non-convulsive seizures in humans.

2482: 2115: 1966: 933: 349: 12124: 10399:

Dyer, Jo Ellen; Roth, Brett; Hyma, Bruce A. (February 2001). "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome".

5457: 17557: 17367: 17303: 17246: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17096: 17086: 17036: 17031: 17021: 17001: 16981: 16940: 16391: 14879: 13913: 13563: 10280:

Mamelak, Mortimer (December 1989). "Gammahydroxybutyrate: An endogenous regulator of energy metabolism".

7660:. CADTH Rapid Response Reports. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 2015. 7457:"Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid-related death: A population-based nested case–control study" 4101: 3795: 3440: 1982: 1061: 836: 673:

In general, benzodiazepines are safe and effective in the short term, although cognitive impairments and

4452:. The piperidinedione class is very structurally similar to barbiturates. Some piperidinediones include 17475: 17450: 17176: 17136: 17106: 17051: 15465: 14529: 14018: 13668: 13482: 11676: 8358: 5027:

effects. Methylmethaqualone differs from methaqualone by 4-methylation on the phenyl ring. It produces

3905: 3877: 3827: 3648: 3515:

Contrary to popular misconception, opioids are not depressants in the classical sense. They do produce

3384: 3272:

Some GHB receptors modulators only bind to the GHB receptor, while others bind to both the GHB and GABA

3233: 2904: 1840: 11177:"Kappa-opioid antagonists as stress resilience medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorders" 4805:, insomnia, tremor, hallucinations, delirium, confusion, and seizures; and, which are possibly fatal: 2110:

In some cases, gabapentinoids are abused and provide similar effects to alcohol, benzodiazepines, and

1643:δ and its interactions with other proteins. Most of the effects of gabapentinoids are mediated by the 17480: 16727: 16461: 16406: 15539: 15150: 13319: 9504:"Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium Oxybates (Xywav®) in Sleep Disorders: A Profile of Its Use" 7681:"Pregabalin: latest safety evidence and clinical implications for the management of neuropathic pain" 5434: 4104:, meaning it either blocks or decreases the potential of neuron firing. This causes large amounts of 3925: 3389: 3243: 3017: 2882: 2691: 2638: 2522: 2351: 2299: 2111: 2062: 1752: 1737: 1598: 1554: 697:

There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy. While they are not major

221: 142:

in various areas of the brain. Some specific depressants do influence mood, either positively (e.g.,

8508: 7771:

Isoardi, Katherine Z.; Polkinghorne, Gregory; Harris, Keith; Isbister, Geoffrey K. (December 2020).

7304:

Smith, Blair H; Higgins, Cassie; Baldacchino, Alex; Kidd, Brian; Bannister, Jonathan (August 2012).

16098: 13645: 13459: 4849: 2271: 2096: 957: 55: 12361: 11629:"Braking Dopamine Systems: A New GABA Master Structure for Mesolimbic and Nigrostriatal Functions" 6049: 2073:

and anxiety before or after surgical procedures or painful diagnostic tests. Phenibut, like other

16780: 16747: 16737: 16687: 16682: 16307: 15626: 15621: 14584: 14262: 14113: 11778:"Fentanyls continue to replace heroin in the drug arena: the cases of ocfentanil and carfentanil" 11334:"Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain: Controversies, current status, and future directions" 8332: 5440:

Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings

4841: 4806: 4476:. The piperidinedione depressants, specifically glutethimide, are positive modulators of the GABA 4117:

in the brain, instructing it to do it again. The RMTg is also responsible for the development of

3193: 2241: 2213: 1994: 1903: 1811: 1764: 1037: 618: 354: 312: 17: 16770: 11283:

Calo', Girolamo; Guerrini, Remo; Rizzi, Anna; Salvadori, Severo; Regoli, Domenico (April 2000).

10027: 2260:. It is unclear if it is safe to use gabapentinoids during pregnancy, with some studies showing 1814:

and was first described in 1975 by Satzinger and Hartenstein. Gabapentin was first approved for

16861: 16297: 16292: 16028: 15829: 15633: 15562: 15061: 14621: 14376: 13778: 13717: 13531: 12491: 11826: 11079:"G protein signaling–biased agonism at the κ-opioid receptor is maintained in striatal neurons" 9554:

Tunnicliff, Godfrey; Raess, Beat U. (February 2002). "Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (orphan medical)".

8562:

Nicholson, Katherine L.; Balster, Robert L. (June 2001). "GHB: a new and novel drug of abuse".

6076: 4015: 3800: 3617: 3585: 3523: 3331: 2836: 2773: 2331: 2327: 2295: 2170: 1970: 1950: 1733: 1679: 1660: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1085: 1057: 1041: 991: 937: 718: 495:(also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level). It is usually expressed as a 237: 16189: 10772: 9921:

Steele, M. T.; Watson, W. A. (July 1995). "Acute poisoning from gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)".

7045:

Conesa, María-Llanos; Rojo, Luis-Miguel; Plumed, Javier; Livianos, Lorenzo (16 January 2012).

6863:"Pregabalin for the Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: A Comprehensive Review" 6497: 6470: 6144: 6074: 6044: 5392: 2208:, and anxiety. Like most anticonvulsants, pregabalin and gabapentin have an increased risk of 16742: 16697: 16657: 16113: 15355: 15191: 15077: 14306: 14242: 14087: 13699: 13513: 11853: 7356:"Gabapentin-induced drug-seeking-like behavior: a potential role for the dopaminergic system" 5308: 5200: 4794: 4552: 4536: 4488: 4110: 3974:(red), leaving the neuron at rest longer. This slowing down of neurons via interactions with 3546: 3542: 2990: 2940:; the mechanism is currently not known but it is believed to be due to interactions with the 2315: 1831: 1381:

Although a drug may be approved, that does not necessarily mean it is still being used today.

1161: 1105: 832: 820: 691: 654: 592: 492: 435: 177: 12049: 11994: 8387: 17470: 17362: 16775: 16732: 16672: 16600: 16573: 16093: 16068: 16038: 16033: 15859: 15660: 14381: 14361: 14230: 13848: 13366: 11128:"Role of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor System in the Motivational Effects of Ethanol" 10938: 10736:

Sigel, Erwin (2002). "Mapping of the Benzodiazepine Recognition Site on GABA-A Receptors".

10086: 9005:

Carter, Lawrence P.; Pardi, Daniel; Gorsline, Jane; Griffiths, Roland R. (September 2009).

8209:"Acute phenibut withdrawal: A comprehensive literature review and illustrative case report" 7367: 6726:

Baldwin, David S; Ajel, Khalil; Masdrakis, Vasilios G; Nowak, Magda; Rafiq, Rizwan (2013).

4996: 4964: 3876:(DOR). The delta receptor is the least studied of the three main opioid receptors. It is a 3577: 2674: 2503: 2387: 2237: 2174: 1946: 1073: 972: 925: 755: 523: 469: 10362: 8870:

Caputo, Fabio; Vignoli, Teo; Maremmani, Icro; Bernardi, Mauro; Zoli, Giorgio (June 2009).

6509: 5414: 5359: 3951: 3889: 3873: 3823: 3640: 3562: 2248:, mostly in their original form. Gabapentinoids can build up in the body when someone has 8: 17440: 17377: 16945: 16881: 16615: 16317: 16239: 15686: 15670: 15616: 15500: 14990: 14726: 14512: 14291: 14118: 13334: 13329: 12896: 12453: 11332:

Rosenblum, Andrew; Marsch, Lisa A.; Joseph, Herman; Portenoy, Russell K. (October 2008).

7657:

Gabapentin for Adults with Neuropathic Pain: A Review of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety

5737:, Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2012, 4713: 4528: 4049: 3901: 3687: 3629: 3625: 3558: 3377: 3350: 3323: 3213: 3165: 2955: 2878: 2714: 2267: 2154: 2123: 2058: 1958: 1768: 1617: 1185: 953: 706: 646: 181: 16136: 12371: 12362:

Fact sheets and Harm Reduction Strategies About Depressants and Other Recreational Drugs

10942: 10090: 7773:"Pregabalin poisoning and rising recreational use: a retrospective observational series" 7371: 3596:. It is also the oldest part of the brain and controls many automatic functions such as 3334:, just like benzodiazepines, but at a molecular level, they are structurally unrelated. 2862:

effects. Similarly to phenibut and baclofen, it is used by bodybuilders to increase the

649:, which may be helpful for surgical and procedural anesthesia to reduce patient recall. 17384: 16971: 16590: 16446: 16401: 16381: 16340: 15458: 15326: 15278: 15128: 15024: 14889: 14748: 14202: 13765: 13195: 13111: 12476: 12330: 12305: 11964: 11939: 11802: 11777: 11753: 11728: 11653: 11628: 11604: 11492: 11467: 11407: 11382: 11358: 11333: 11309: 11284: 11250: 11201: 11176: 11152: 11127: 11103: 11078: 11054: 11030:"Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and side effects" 11029: 10959: 10926: 10862: 10643: 10618: 10595: 10564: 10516: 10489: 10462: 10435: 10305: 10262: 10250: 10219: 10173: 10058: 10008: 9898: 9873: 9847: 9694: 9667: 9648: 9607: 9582: 9528: 9503: 9414: 9225: 9158: 9133: 9031: 9006: 8949: 8898: 8871: 8847: 8820: 8696: 8496: 8451: 8233: 8208: 8181: 8156: 8097: 8072: 8053: 7974: 7947: 7928: 7846: 7821: 7797: 7772: 7753: 7705: 7680: 7637: 7624: 7599: 7580: 7537: 7483: 7456: 7388: 7355: 7330: 7305: 7281: 7256: 7232: 7223: 7207: 7155: 7130: 7071: 7046: 7027: 6984: 6936: 6911: 6887: 6862: 6843: 6795: 6778: 6754: 6727: 6703: 6678: 6654: 6627: 6603: 6578: 6559: 6444: 6420: 6361: 6352: 6336: 6231: 5984: 5959: 5935: 5918: 5899: 5846: 5788: 5763: 5680: 5663: 5509: 5139: 5035: 5016: 4940: 4867:, muscle relaxation, anxiolysis, and sedation. Today, methaqualone is widely abused in 4837: 4798: 4783: 4408: 4394: 4374: 4144: 3967: 3921: 3806: 3777: 3764: 3538: 3446: 2699: 2514: 2488: 2261: 2229: 2034: 2026: 1550: 1539: 1153: 1109: 1097: 722: 674: 662: 485: 441: 427: 410: 59: 44: 12169:"Gloria Allred wins Cobb Energy Bill Cosby concert protest case | Radio & TV Talk" 12101: 10293: 10207: 9996: 9961: 9367: 9260: 8575: 8284: 8257: 7146: 5573: 1132:, an anticonvulsant that was approved in 1993 and is commonly used today. It is a GABA 17455: 17435: 17026: 16831: 16702: 16563: 16360: 16327: 16302: 15814: 15547: 15220: 15054: 15030: 14985: 14768: 14758: 14661: 14491: 14447: 14431: 14235: 14225: 14168: 14158: 13158: 13116: 12949: 12624: 12619: 12367:

U.S. Department of Human and Health Services: Drug Categories for Substances of Abuse

12335: 12286: 12105: 11969: 11892: 11859: 11832: 11807: 11758: 11710: 11658: 11596: 11541: 11536: 11519: 11497: 11442: 11412: 11363: 11314: 11242: 11206: 11157: 11108: 11059: 10991: 10964: 10908: 10854: 10807: 10778: 10753: 10718: 10683: 10648: 10634: 10599: 10556: 10521: 10467: 10416: 10378: 10340: 10336: 10297: 10266: 10254: 10211: 10165: 10129: 10050: 10000: 9965: 9930: 9903: 9851: 9839: 9804: 9800: 9769: 9734: 9699: 9652: 9612: 9563: 9533: 9456: 9418: 9406: 9371: 9335: 9331: 9299: 9295: 9264: 9217: 9163: 9149: 9109: 9036: 9022: 8984: 8953: 8941: 8903: 8852: 8801: 8766: 8731: 8700: 8688: 8653: 8614: 8579: 8539: 8482: 8443: 8438: 8421: 8399: 8289: 8238: 8186: 8137: 8102: 8045: 7979: 7932: 7920: 7878: 7851: 7802: 7745: 7710: 7661: 7641: 7629: 7572: 7541: 7529: 7488: 7393: 7335: 7286: 7237: 7160: 7111: 7076: 7062: 7019: 6988: 6976: 6941: 6892: 6835: 6800: 6759: 6708: 6659: 6608: 6551: 6513: 6476: 6424: 6393: 6366: 6317: 6282: 6223: 6188: 6150: 6125: 6082: 6055: 6024: 5989: 5940: 5891: 5838: 5793: 5738: 5712: 5685: 5644: 5611: 5577: 5501: 5447: 5144: 5041: 4984: 4693: 4516: 4469: 4097: 4019: 4006: 3840: 3754: 3679: 3660: 3319: 2908: 2847: 2233: 2209: 2150: 2104: 1990: 1986: 1879: 1803: 1543: 1003: 759: 562: 491:

The most common way to measure intoxication for legal or medical purposes is through

465: 457: 445: 386: 343: 225: 209: 123: 12372:

About Psychotropic Medications: Quick Reference to Medications Used in Mental Health

11608: 11254: 10866: 10568: 10309: 10223: 10062: 10012: 9874:"A Critical Evaluation of the Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Model of Absence Seizures" 9835: 9452: 9229: 8535: 8455: 7757: 7584: 7524: 7507: 6563: 6235: 5903: 5850: 5513: 162:

are defined by their effect on mood, not on general brain activity, so they form an

67: 17372: 16955: 16871: 16652: 16595: 16583: 16282: 16161: 16103: 16063: 16020: 15921: 15824: 15785: 15768: 15706: 15603: 14995: 14818: 14743: 14731: 14656: 14522: 14401: 14190: 13299: 12909: 12325: 12317: 12097: 11959: 11951: 11884: 11797: 11789: 11748: 11740: 11648: 11644: 11640: 11588: 11531: 11487: 11479: 11402: 11394: 11353: 11345: 11304: 11296: 11234: 11196: 11188: 11147: 11139: 11098: 11090: 11049: 11041: 10954: 10946: 10927:"Anhedonia to music and mu-opioids: Evidence from the administration of naltrexone" 10844: 10745: 10710: 10675: 10638: 10630: 10591: 10552: 10548: 10511: 10501: 10457: 10447: 10408: 10332: 10289: 10246: 10203: 10157: 10121: 10094: 10042: 9992: 9957: 9893: 9885: 9831: 9796: 9761: 9726: 9689: 9679: 9640: 9602: 9594: 9523: 9515: 9484: 9448: 9398: 9363: 9327: 9291: 9256: 9207: 9197: 9153: 9145: 9101: 9067: 9026: 9018: 8976: 8933: 8893: 8883: 8872:"Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Review" 8842: 8832: 8793: 8758: 8723: 8680: 8645: 8606: 8571: 8531: 8474: 8433: 8279: 8269: 8228: 8220: 8176: 8168: 8129: 8092: 8084: 8057: 8035: 7969: 7959: 7912: 7841: 7833: 7820:

Gibbons, Robert D.; Hur, Kwan; Brown, C. Hendricks; Mann, J. John (December 2010).

7792: 7784: 7737: 7700: 7692: 7619: 7611: 7564: 7519: 7478: 7468: 7383: 7375: 7325: 7317: 7276: 7268: 7227: 7219: 7150: 7142: 7103: 7066: 7058: 7031: 7011: 6968: 6931: 6923: 6882: 6874: 6847: 6827: 6790: 6749: 6739: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6649: 6639: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6543: 6505: 6416: 6356: 6348: 6309: 6272: 6262: 6215: 6180: 6115: 6016: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5930: 5881: 5873: 5828: 5820: 5783: 5775: 5764:"Carisoprodol-Mediated Modulation of GABAA Receptors: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies" 5675: 5569: 5531: 5493: 5282: 4952: 4948: 4910: 4763: 4480: 4126: 3933: 3853: 3790: 3613: 3569: 3393: 3358: 3342: 2912: 2804: 2605: 2471: 2367: 1998: 1954: 1807: 1652: 1647:

N and P/Q-type calcium channels. P/Q-type calcium channels are mainly found in the

1632: 1606: 1014: 995: 751: 615: 580: 127: 14462: 12220: 11744: 10177: 7997: 7948:"Review about gabapentin misuse, interactions, contraindications and side effects" 6251:"Acute modulation of calcium currents and synaptic transmission by gabapentinoids" 3526:, these are classified differently. These drugs are more correctly identified as " 3361:. This results in a relaxing and depressant effect on the central nervous system. 1044:). An overdose is more likely to be fatal when mixed with another depressant that 339:

Depressants are used medicinally to relieve the following symptoms and disorders:

17460: 17409: 17347: 16846: 16821: 16667: 16451: 16365: 16287: 16277: 16048: 16043: 15926: 15864: 15841: 15485: 15475: 15035: 14980: 14849: 14844: 14683: 14616: 14611: 14497: 14443: 14284: 14175: 14128: 13932: 13884: 13798: 13620: 13585: 13384: 13262: 13180: 13175: 13153: 13035: 12544: 12378: 11468:"Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications" 10679: 8937: 8478: 7473: 6972: 6831: 5298: 5272: 5228: 5188: 4864: 4860: 4790: 4492: 4445: 4069: 4002: 3990: 3893: 3811: 3482: 3354: 2951: 2937: 2820: 2737: 2593: 2355: 2279: 2070: 1937:, and possibly muscle relaxant properties. Pregabalin and gabapentin are used in 1907: 1856: 1636: 1621: 1610: 1515: 1045: 921: 901: 840: 808: 747: 742: 642: 638: 527: 328: 188:

is a very prominent depressant. When depressants are used, effects often include

76: 12432: 12194: 11888: 11520:"Naloxone-Precipitated Acute Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome After Epidural Morphine" 10774:

Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application

9730: 8980: 8684: 7178: 4507:

enzyme in the liver. This enzyme is responsible for converting many drugs, from

4018:

associated with respiratory regulation. They activate μ-opioid receptors in the

1855:, two structurally related compounds, are exceptions, as they mainly act on the 1457: 146:) or negatively, but depressants often have no clear impact on mood (e.g., most 17357: 17323: 17298: 16888: 16605: 16431: 16421: 16335: 16244: 16184: 16128: 15881: 15836: 15736: 15123: 15113: 15014: 14914: 14909: 14763: 14753: 14703: 14688: 14678: 14579: 14574: 14564: 14502: 14474: 14426: 14421: 14153: 14108: 14104: 13704: 13632: 13518: 13429: 13379: 13323: 13294: 13283: 13267: 13163: 12644: 12589: 12486: 12471: 12441: 12017:"Quaaludes Addiction and Abuse, Statistics, Signs, Symptoms & Side Effects" 11702: 11592: 11434: 10983: 10900: 10881: 10799: 9598: 9519: 8649: 7870: 7741: 7655: 7379: 7272: 6313: 6249:

Uchitel, O. D; Di Guilmi, M. N.; Urbano, F. J.; Gonzalez-Inchauspe, C. (2010).

6020: 5960:"α2δ-1 signaling in nucleus accumbens is necessary for cocaine-induced relapse" 5730: 5603: 5250: 5206: 4960: 4888: 4779: 4747: 4732: 4118: 4039: 4011: 3913: 3885: 3550: 3496:

Opioids and opiates are not the same. Opiates refer to natural opioids such as

3176: 2959: 2941: 2916: 2897: 2874: 2867: 2863: 2761: 2730: 2588: 2323: 2249: 2197: 2078: 2074: 2030: 1926: 1899: 1628: 1547: 1432: 1145: 1065: 1018: 1007: 984: 980: 929: 812: 730: 622: 568: 556: 253: 241: 229: 185: 159: 147: 11793: 11192: 11094: 10506: 10098: 9644: 9402: 9105: 8610: 8040: 8023: 7107: 7015: 6878: 6300:

Sills, G. J. (2006). "The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin".

2923:

but also exhibit a range of effects that were found not to be produced by GABA

472:

when consumed. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes for

17551: 17430: 17404: 17399: 17313: 16876: 16836: 16456: 16436: 16345: 16272: 16199: 16194: 16179: 15975: 15775: 15758: 15726: 15505: 15446: 15311: 15243: 15225: 15196: 15163: 15145: 14946: 14919: 14778: 14596: 14507: 14487: 14483: 14346: 14274: 14163: 14078: 13957: 13947: 13937: 13906: 13826: 13691: 13650: 13505: 13464: 13399: 13304: 13257: 13252: 13230: 13190: 13068: 13053: 12805: 12800: 12790: 12707: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12584: 12574: 12569: 12559: 12539: 12481: 12393: 11483: 10749: 8762: 8727: 8224: 8172: 7696: 7442: 6120: 6103: 6045: 5497: 5242: 5224: 5214: 5166: 5032: 5010: 4992: 4928: 4876: 4856: 4818: 4775: 4739: 4660: 4544: 4532: 4496: 4461: 4449: 4269: 4259: 4114: 4065: 3866: 3836: 3832: 3769: 3597: 3203: 3068: 2832: 2785: 2760:

effects, the opposite of a depressant. But in large doses, GHB activates the

2753: 2695: 2654: 2571: 2557: 2518: 2343: 2335: 2307: 2221: 2185: 2119: 1974: 1942: 1891: 1887: 1864: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1788: 1780: 1710: 1706: 1691: 1614: 1487: 1361: 1357: 1311: 1287: 1221: 1177: 1173: 1157: 1149: 1141: 1081: 1052: 1025: 889: 778:

causes an inhibition of GABA, the exact opposite of what CNS depressants do.

678: 666: 588: 544: 320: 316: 261: 16174: 11991:"Methaqualone (Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances) - eNotes.com" 11238: 10412: 10161: 9872:

Venzi, Marcello; Di Giovanni, Giuseppe; Crunelli, Vincenzo (February 2015).

8797: 7568: 6048:; Gregory D. Cascino; Barry E. Gidal; Howard P. Goodkin (17 February 2012). 5779: 4935:

properties, resulting from its agonist activity at the β subtype of the GABA

2224:

can increase the toxic effects of gabapentinoids. They may also enhance the

17318: 16866: 16568: 16254: 16073: 16008: 15953: 15901: 15780: 15746: 15698: 15594: 15412: 15268: 15181: 14904: 14823: 14559: 14517: 14351: 14341: 14257: 14252: 13999: 13901: 13896: 13806: 13709: 13660: 13595: 13523: 13474: 13419: 13414: 13220: 13137: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13086: 13081: 13043: 12939: 12929: 12861: 12775: 12717: 12702: 12604: 12564: 12554: 12534: 12529: 12519: 12509: 12339: 12290: 12109: 12016: 11973: 11955: 11811: 11762: 11714: 11662: 11600: 11501: 11446: 11416: 11367: 11318: 11300: 11246: 11210: 11161: 11112: 11063: 10995: 10968: 10912: 10858: 10811: 10757: 10714: 10687: 10652: 10603: 10560: 10525: 10471: 10420: 10382: 10344: 10215: 10169: 10133: 10054: 9969: 9907: 9843: 9808: 9773: 9765: 9738: 9703: 9616: 9567: 9537: 9460: 9410: 9268: 9221: 9167: 9113: 9040: 8988: 8945: 8907: 8856: 8805: 8770: 8692: 8657: 8583: 8543: 8403: 8293: 8242: 8190: 8141: 8106: 8049: 7983: 7924: 7882: 7855: 7806: 7749: 7714: 7665: 7633: 7576: 7533: 7492: 7397: 7339: 7290: 7241: 7164: 7115: 7080: 7023: 6980: 6945: 6896: 6839: 6804: 6763: 6712: 6663: 6612: 6555: 6547: 6370: 6321: 6286: 6267: 6250: 6227: 6192: 6129: 6028: 5993: 5944: 5797: 5742: 5689: 5648: 5615: 5581: 5505: 5294: 5236: 5170: 5121: 5107: 5097: 5074: 5069: 4980: 4956: 4916: 4902: 4884: 4868: 4828: 4822: 4709: 4676: 4560: 4508: 4453: 4438: 4434: 4334: 3975: 3858: 3782: 3724: 3675: 3656: 3593: 3504:. Opioids refer to all natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic opioids, like 3423: 2986: 2978: 2893: 2741: 2707: 2274:

does occur during the long-term use of gabapentinoids. Following abrupt or

2130: 2092: 2006: 1962: 1911: 1792: 1491: 1401: 1199: 968: 949: 854: 796: 775: 702: 359: 72: 11729:"Sold As Heroin: Perceptions and Use of an Evolving Drug in Baltimore, MD" 11701:

Ramos-Matos, Carlos F.; Bistas, Karlyle G.; Lopez-Ojeda, Wilfredo (2024),

11545: 11398: 10722: 10301: 10258: 10004: 9934: 9434:"Synthesis, characterisation and detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate salts" 9375: 9339: 9303: 8888: 8837: 8735: 8618: 8447: 8274: 7321: 6397: 5895: 5877: 5842: 5824: 5716: 2662: 1376:) (for anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, muscle tremors, agitation, depression) 16765: 16712: 16558: 16396: 16264: 16219: 16141: 16118: 15851: 15809: 15517: 15380: 15306: 15261: 15108: 14788: 14698: 14438: 14391: 14336: 14219: 14185: 13984: 13928: 13923: 13879: 13853: 13811: 13788: 13773: 13732: 13678: 13546: 13492: 13442: 13409: 13394: 13354: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13076: 13058: 13048: 12977: 12957: 12919: 12795: 12732: 12727: 12672: 12657: 12629: 12594: 12579: 12514: 12501: 12466: 12321: 11285:"Pharmacology of nociceptin and its receptor: a novel therapeutic target" 10666:

Greenblatt, David J; Roth, Thomas (April 2012). "Zolpidem for insomnia".

9488: 6927: 6728:"Pregabalin for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: an update" 6532: 5886: 5833: 5547:

They may reduce anxiety and muscle tension and make a person feel sleepy.

5276: 5246: 5218: 5196: 5178: 5059: 5028: 5000: 4845: 4802: 4778:. Death from a quinazolinone overdose is usually caused by death through 4767: 4473: 4465: 4457: 4424: 4354: 4344: 4249: 4239: 4074: 4038:, usually resulting in hypoxia. Some overdose victims, however, die from 3652: 3581: 3573: 3486: 3064: 2974: 2851: 2824: 2648: 2446: 2359: 2275: 1934: 1868: 1799: 1714: 1703: 1535: 1442: 1419: 1389: 1353: 1349: 1263: 1259: 1203: 1169: 1165: 1117: 963: 861: 584: 517: 414: 297: 293: 289: 277: 213: 154:, or "uppers", increase mental alertness, making stimulants the opposite 139: 31: 15046: 12151:"Bill Cosby, in Deposition, Said Drugs and Fame Helped Him Seduce Women" 11045: 10925:

Mallik, Adiel; Chanda, Mona Lisa; Levitin, Daniel J. (8 February 2017).

10487: 10452: 9684: 7964: 6248: 6220:

10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199903)19:2<149::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-B

5735:

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury

5664:"Clinical Evaluation of a New Antihypertensive Agent: W583 (Mebutamate)" 4716:. Instead, it binds on a site directly between the GABRB2 (β2) and (α1) 1490:

are a unique and relatively novel class of depressants that selectively

774:. Contrary to the previous statement, activation of the CB1 receptor by 16841: 16578: 16312: 16204: 15677: 15522: 15470: 14966: 14937: 14895: 14864: 14859: 14798: 14783: 14721: 14707: 14647: 14602: 14550: 14470: 14466: 14407: 14367: 14322: 14318: 14208: 14144: 14094: 14059: 14055: 13979: 13952: 13942: 13863: 13843: 13816: 13751: 13727: 13722: 13605: 13600: 13590: 13580: 13541: 13536: 13447: 13389: 13374: 13185: 13091: 12987: 12967: 12934: 12924: 12914: 12904: 12871: 12853: 12838: 12785: 12780: 12742: 12737: 12712: 12697: 12667: 12662: 12652: 12634: 11143: 10125: 9212: 9072: 9055: 8133: 8088: 6744: 6277: 6184: 5232: 5210: 5174: 5079: 5006: 4924: 4759: 4751: 4725: 4384: 4364: 4175: 4137: 4035: 3881: 3739: 3734: 3694: 3647:, euphoric, and adverse effects of opioids. The μ-opioid receptor is a 3605: 3401: 3223: 3076: 2828: 2726: 2722: 2681: 2621: 2616: 2582: 2542: 2498: 2493: 2461: 2408: 2377: 2217: 2201: 2189: 2146: 2134: 2050: 2042: 2022: 1844: 1776: 1744: 1668: 1648: 1413: 1297: 1245: 1235: 885: 865: 804: 698: 607: 496: 453: 381: 273: 269: 265: 249: 245: 233: 205: 193: 163: 155: 10950: 10849: 10832: 10046: 9889: 9202: 9185: 9132:

Carter, Lawrence P.; Koek, Wouter; France, Charles P. (January 2009).

7916: 7788: 7615: 6644: 5465:

Cannabis is a depressant drug, but it also has hallucinogenic effects.

402: 17352: 17308: 16856: 16851: 16426: 16411: 16386: 16234: 16229: 16214: 16209: 16169: 16146: 16083: 15940: 15913: 15797: 15655: 15638: 15611: 15527: 15490: 15480: 15453: 15424: 15385: 15372: 15350: 15321: 15118: 14874: 14854: 14828: 14803: 14738: 14716: 14544: 14457: 14331: 13989: 13783: 13673: 13640: 13575: 13487: 13452: 13404: 13247: 13200: 13007: 12992: 12982: 12972: 12881: 12843: 12833: 12825: 12810: 12767: 12757: 12752: 12722: 12677: 12614: 12549: 11855:

Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms

11349: 10833:"The ORL1 receptor: molecular pharmacology and signalling mechanisms" 9668:"Current Insights on the Impact of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Abuse" 7837: 5419: 5268: 5254: 4988: 4976: 4932: 4810: 4755: 4728: 4548: 4520: 4484: 4472:. The first three (glutethimide, methyprylon, and pyrithyldione) are 4324: 4314: 4219: 4212: 4200: 4185: 4122: 4089: 4031: 4027: 3979: 3971: 3944: 3848: 3844: 3759: 3664: 3644: 3609: 3601: 3527: 3509: 3429: 3369: 3142: 3072: 2994: 2982: 2933: 2855: 2800: 2796: 2757: 2718: 2703: 2611: 2339: 2319: 2253: 2245: 2205: 2178: 2166: 2158: 2138: 2066: 2010: 1930: 1872: 1772: 1672: 1664: 1574: 1407: 1395: 1339: 1325: 1322:) (muscle relaxant, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anesthesia) 1277: 1181: 1129: 1069: 1029: 905: 897: 869: 824: 792: 787: 767: 650: 576: 505: 461: 406: 285: 281: 197: 151: 10581: 9666:

Tay, Emma; Lo, Wing Kwan Winky; Murnion, Bridin (31 December 2022).

8207:

Hardman, Matthew I.; Sprung, Juraj; Weingarten, Toby N. (May 2019).

6626:

Ryvlin, Philippe; Perucca, Emilio; Rheims, Sylvain (December 2008).

4687: 3572:

gets sent from the site of possible injury. This signal goes up the

3474:

in the RMTg characterizes the euphoria and reinforcement of opioids.

1152:

was used as an anxiolytic and is still sometimes used in Europe for

16355: 16249: 16151: 15874: 15805: 15763: 15753: 15721: 15716: 15681: 15495: 15402: 15362: 15338: 15291: 15186: 15155: 14975: 14839: 14835: 14808: 14247: 14180: 14099: 13973: 13964: 13858: 13610: 13339: 13309: 13235: 13170: 13025: 13002: 12997: 12962: 12815: 12747: 12609: 12524: 12428: 12424: 8966: 8634: 8024:"Misuse and Abuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin: Cause for Concern?" 7352: 5339: 5304: 5290: 5286: 5264: 5260: 5192: 5182: 5049: 5045: 5024: 5020: 4968: 4920: 4892: 4832: 4743: 4512: 4500: 4304: 4294: 4279: 4205: 4195: 4155: 4132: 4105: 4096:. The RMTg possesses robust functional and structural links to the 4093: 4057: 4045: 3683: 3621: 3554: 3531: 3497: 3490: 3471: 3467: 3397: 3365: 3346: 3310: 3296: 3265: 3138: 2966: 2929: 2859: 2749: 2626: 2601: 2564: 2526: 2508: 2476: 2436: 2418: 2291: 2283: 2142: 2038: 2018: 2014: 1978: 1938: 1915: 1895: 1852: 1848: 1815: 1784: 1683: 1566: 1562: 1519: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1477: 1333: 1207: 1164:

in some countries. It is a carbamate with muscle relaxant effects.

1093: 1077: 999: 917: 909: 877: 873: 816: 763: 758:, which is found in cannabis, has many depressant effects, such as 750:

is often considered either in its own unique category or as a mild

710: 690:

are at an increased risk of experiencing both short- and long-term

634: 630: 596: 540: 531: 366: 305: 301: 217: 201: 170: 10899:

Herman, Timothy F.; Cascella, Marco; Muzio, Maria Rosaria (2024),

10619:"Role of Zolpidem in the Management of Insomnia: Role of Zolpidem" 7600:"Fatalities associated with gabapentinoids in England (2004–2020)" 6502:

The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology

6169: 3678:

of food is determined by opioid receptor-related processes in the

27:

Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, reducing brain activity

16466: 15985: 15968: 15963: 15948: 15896: 15886: 15869: 15741: 15582: 15577: 15510: 15436: 15256: 15176: 14951: 14869: 14534: 14301: 14123: 14073: 13918: 13655: 13469: 13344: 13240: 13147: 12866: 12599: 9821: 8876:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

8825:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

8386:

O'connell, Ted; Kaye, Lily; Plosay, John J. III (December 2000).

7770: 7441:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

5391:. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Archived from 5322: 4972: 4880: 4872: 4165: 4053: 3929: 3862: 3501: 3456: 3413: 3260: 2597: 2547: 2537: 2466: 2311: 2162: 2084: 2077:

agonists, is also sometimes used by bodybuilders to increase the

1835: 1740: 1675: 1558: 1121: 1101: 976: 913: 771: 687: 572: 536: 449: 431: 376: 324: 257: 143: 135: 11433:

Theriot, Jonathan; Sabir, Sarah; Azadfard, Mohammadreza (2022),

11027: 10360: 9556:

Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (London, England: 2000)

7208:"Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug" 6337:"Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug" 5446:. World Health Organization, Western Pacific Region. p. 3. 2342:. Baclofen withdrawal can be more intense if it is administered 1694:

when they bind to the calcium channel complex. They act on the α

850: 645:

properties. High doses of shorter-acting benzodiazepines induce

16416: 16350: 15819: 15665: 15645: 15407: 15331: 15296: 15235: 14633: 14296: 13969: 13121: 13017: 12042:"Methaqualone (Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances)" 11913:"glutethimide | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY" 11282: 11267: 10770: 10617:

Dang, Amit; Garg, Amit; Rataboli, Padmanabh V. (October 2011).

10433: 9352: 9316: 9183: 6411:

Pack, Alison M. (2013). "Anticonvulsant-Related Bone Disease".

5149: 4896: 4717: 4574: 4567: 4556: 4540: 4504: 4429: 4229: 4061: 3998: 3994: 3955: 3909: 3861:, an alkaloid that is a potent and selective κ-opioid receptor 3729: 3716: 3671: 3589: 3505: 3040: 2970: 2858:

in some parts of the world due to its powerful aphrodisiac and

2792: 2552: 2287: 2193: 2088: 1759:

have many functions in the central nervous system. They modify

1756: 1656: 1137: 1113: 1033: 941: 893: 881: 844: 828: 726: 543:. One barbiturate that remains in use for seizure disorders is 189: 131: 11775: 10879: 8869: 8070: 5761: 4919:

is a quinazolinone that is still used today. Diproqualone has

3036:), potassium oxybate (Xywav is a mixture of all these salts.) 2122:

on Neurontin (gabapentin) and Lyrica (pregabalin) for serious

1724:

Gabapentinoids are absorbed from the intestines mainly by the

15552: 15390: 15343: 15206: 14933: 14643: 14138: 13994: 13314: 11331: 11028:

Furlan AD, Sandoval JA, Mailis-Gagnon A, Tunks E (May 2006).

7047:"Pregabalin in the Treatment of Refractory Bipolar Disorders" 6860: 4944: 4814: 4786:. An overdose resembles a barbiturate or carbamate overdose. 4148: 3917: 3693:

The μ-opioid receptor has many endogenous ligands, including

3520: 3304: 3050: 2808: 2330:. Acute withdrawal from baclofen and phenibut may also cause 2225: 1871:

its depressant qualities. Despite this, gabapentinoids mimic

1859:. Gabapentin, but not pregabalin, has been found to activate 658: 610:) 2 mg tri-score tablets, a classical benzodiazepine sedative 602: 500: 119: 11700: 10363:"STAND VAN ZAKEN GHB-afhankelijkheid en-onthoudingssyndroom" 10322: 9004: 7869:

Cross, Aaron L.; Viswanath, Omar; Sherman, Andrew l (2022),

7454: 2021:, and more. Baclofen is primarily used for the treatment of 16441: 15958: 15572: 15441: 15429: 15397: 15215: 15138: 15133: 14637: 12461: 10025: 9473: 7303: 5957: 5917:

Ni, Karen; Cary, Margaret; Zarkowski, Paul (October 2007).

5477:

Amsterdam, Jan; Nutt, David; Brink, Wim (23 January 2013).

4983:

that is still in widespread clinical use due to its useful

4023: 3711: 3290: 2840: 2303: 1767:

and reduce the synthesis of neurotransmitters derived from

1471: 1448: 1160:

is a popular drug that is commonly known as Robaxin and is

945: 800: 714: 481: 477: 391: 12306:"The Human BNST: Functional Role in Anxiety and Addiction" 11936: 9580: 8923: 8381: 8379: 7901: 7727: 7508:"Pregabalin and gabapentin in non-opioid poisoning deaths" 6779:"Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: focus on pregabalin" 6006: 4999:

salt in combination mixtures with other medicines such as

16541:

Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs

16224: 15650: 15417: 12125:"Cosby deposition: Quaaludes came from L.A. gynecologist" 11727:

Mars, Sarah G; Ondocsin, Jeff; Ciccarone, Daniel (2018).

11626: 9245: 9091: 8119: 6725: 5768:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

5705:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

5433: 3534:". However, they do have depressant actions nonetheless. 3337:

Nonbenzodiazepines bind to the benzodiazepine at the GABA

2054: 12304:

Avery, S N; Clauss, J A; Blackford, J U (January 2016).

11223: 9982: 9871: 8818: 8630: 8628: 7257:"Current Evidence on Abuse and Misuse of Gabapentinoids" 7128: 7044: 6958: 5919:"Carisoprodol withdrawal induced delirium: A case study" 5532:"Is marijuana a depressant? Everything you need to know" 4708:

receptor. It does not bind to the ethanol, barbiturate,

3966:(blue) opens. Both of these individual actions make the 2854:, and an athletic-performance enhancer. It is a popular 11828:

Drugs: Synonyms and Properties: Synonyms and Properties

10483: 10481: 10394: 10392: 9388: 8713: 8385: 8376: 8206: 7255:

Hägg, Staffan; Jönsson, Anna K.; Ahlner, Johan (2020).

7001: 6500:. In Schatzberg, Alan F.; Nemeroff, Charles B. (eds.). 6051:

Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice

3537:

There are three principal classes of opioid receptors:

3485:

to reduce pain. Medically, they are primarily used for

11622: 11620: 11618: 11126:

Anderson, Rachel I.; Becker, Howard C. (August 2017).

10538: 9549: 9547: 8155:

Alvis, Bret D.; Sobey, Christopher M. (January 2017).

6909: 6576: 6489: 5558: 4955:. Diproqualone is used primarily for the treatment of 4947:

enzyme, and possibly its agonist activity at both the

3690:. This area has been called the "opioid eating site". 3032:- Calcium oxybate, magnesium oxybate, sodium oxybate ( 2358:, baclofen or phenibut should be tapered down slowly. 1732:(EAAT3). They are one of the few drugs that use these 14043:

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System

13834: 12064:"Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search" 11726: 11227:

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

10771:

Hugh C. Hemmings; Talmage D. Egan (25 January 2013).

10356: 10354: 10150:

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

9947: 9786: 9432:

Ferris, Trevor J.; Went, Michael J. (10 March 2012).

9053: 8625: 7868: 6676: 6040: 6038: 5863: 5810: 4503:

effect. Glutethimide is also a potent inducer of the

948:. It is not recommended to use most carbamates, like 12303: 11432: 10575: 10478: 10389: 8388:"Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A Newer Drug of Abuse" 7597: 6384:

Abramets, I. I.; Komissarov, I. V. (June 1985). "".

3051:γ-hydroxycrotonic acid, trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid 2099:

the epilepsy drug Neurontin (gabapentin). Under the

417:", are roughly eight times more alcoholic than beer. 176:

Depressants are widely used throughout the world as

12388:

NIDA for Teens: Prescription Depressant Medications

11985: 11983: 11615: 11076: 10924: 10898: 10193: 9751: 9544: 9179: 9177: 7819: 6628:"Pregabalin for the management of partial epilepsy" 6625: 6068: 4566:Glutethimide withdrawal featured severe agitation, 4092:nucleus that functions as a "master brake" for the 3851:, hence the name dynorphin. The intoxicating plant 3624:nuclei of the brain stem, with structures like the 3117:

gamma-(4-methoxybenzyl)-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (

1682:and has analgesic effects 1000 times stronger than 1639:; rather, they disrupt the regulatory function of α 1064:, or benzodiazepine withdrawal, as they all have a 244:effects. Depressants sometimes also act to produce 11932: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11852:Morton, I. K.; Hall, Judith M. (6 December 2012). 11574: 11572: 11570: 11568: 11566: 11466:Rzasa Lynn, Rachael; Galinkin, JL (January 2018). 11465: 10351: 8473:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 171–185. 7096:Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 6445:"Target Information | Therapeutic Target Database" 6383: 6054:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423. 6035: 5702: 5601: 5476: 5044:is a quinazolinone depressant with ten times more 4113:causes the euphoria of opioids. This causes major 3470:(pictured above) of the brainstem. The release of 3234:Gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde, γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde 2873:activation. It has also been reportedly used as a 2101:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act 641:), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and 539:or, in mild form, for relief from the symptoms of 10436:"Characterization of the GHB Withdrawal Syndrome" 9867: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9134:"Behavioral analyses of GHB: Receptor mechanisms" 9127: 9125: 9123: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8202: 8200: 7554: 7254: 7183:The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 6386:Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny 5662:Kavelman, D. A.; Lewis, J. A. (9 November 1963). 5315: 3557:. The nociception opioid peptide receptor (NOP) ( 2736:As a depressant, GHB would worsen narcolepsy and 1736:. Gabapentinoids are structurally similar to the 1168:is a controversial drug that is a combination of 17549: 11980: 11428: 11426: 10616: 10146: 9174: 9131: 8561: 8256:Mohammed, Imran; Hussain, Asif (9 August 2004). 7201: 7199: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 4855:Large doses of methaqualone can cause euphoria, 3244:Gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid, γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid 686:, following withdrawal after long-term use. The 508:of blood (i.e., mass per volume is used there). 11923: 11878: 11709:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 11563: 11441:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 10990:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 10981: 10907:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 10806:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 9716: 9553: 9241: 9239: 8468: 8415: 8413: 8255: 7877:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 7505: 6679:"Pregabalin for pain in fibromyalgia in adults" 6104:"Branched-chain amino acids and brain function" 5916: 5610:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 5479:"Generic legislation of new psychoactive drugs" 4844:. The drug name "Quaalude" (methaqualone) is a 4064:from binding to the receptor, thus stopping an 3353:to flood into the neuron. Since chloride has a 3330:receptor, the chief inhibitory receptor of the 1156:and for treating muscle cramps and spasticity. 839:. Their muscle relaxant effects are useful for 701:, uncertainty remains as to whether they cause 16089:Legal history of cannabis in the United States 12423: 12149:Bowley, Graham; Ember, Sydney (19 July 2015). 11132:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 11125: 10982:Chaudhry, Shazia R.; Gossman, William (2022), 10703:Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10665: 10189: 10187: 10111: 10075: 9858: 9120: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9000: 8998: 8783: 8550: 8521: 8197: 7506:Kriikku, Pirkko; Ojanperä, Ilkka (July 2021). 6468: 4840:, who were conducting research on finding new 3701:Adverse effects of opioids (μ-opioid receptor) 3392:dose of a long-acting benzodiazepine (such as 3124:4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid ( 1945:(focal). Gabapentinoids are not effective for 15062: 14026: 13438:Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors 12409: 11423: 10797: 8919: 8917: 7404: 7196: 6205: 6199: 6000: 5661: 5634: 5588: 4042:or asphyxiation from choking on their vomit. 1534:δ is nicknamed the "gabapentin receptor". At 1218:) (muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, tranquilizer) 1136:positive allosteric modulator and blocks the 733:, which is significant in clinical practice. 595:, which has also marketed the benzodiazepine 15089: 14041:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the 11578: 11338:Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 10398: 9920: 9665: 9236: 8410: 7093: 6299: 6293: 5602:Conermann, Till; Christian, Desirae (2022), 5019:is an analogue of methaqualone with similar 4068:. A person dependent on opioids may go into 2903:receptor. The GHB receptor is an excitatory 2632: 2278:of pregabalin and gabapentin, people report 300:are generally depressants; examples include 272:are depressants and have anticonvulsant and 13827: 12279:Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique 12148: 11513: 11511: 10184: 9281: 9080: 8995: 6817: 6683:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6583:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6579:"Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in adults" 4995:; it is sold not as a pure drug but as the 4080:Opioids activate μ-opioid receptors in the 3576:into the brain, where it is perceived as a 3489:, including anesthesia. Opioids also cause 2740:. But in low doses, GHB mainly affects the 932:include hypersensitivity reactions such as 248:. Other depressants can include drugs like 16817:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 15069: 15055: 14033: 14019: 12416: 12402: 11851: 11273:OPRL1 opioid related nociceptin receptor 1 11023: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11011: 9431: 8914: 8670: 8599:Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 8596: 8154: 8122:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 7905:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 6854: 6462: 6081:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006. 4905:was a quinazolinone that bound to the GABA 1798:Gabapentin was designed by researchers at 1308:) (anxiolytic, sedative, antihypertensive) 1002:to flood into the neuron. This slows down 614:Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the 15076: 12329: 11963: 11858:. Springer Science & Business Media. 11801: 11752: 11652: 11535: 11491: 11406: 11383:"Management of Opioid Analgesic Overdose" 11357: 11308: 11200: 11151: 11102: 11053: 10958: 10848: 10642: 10515: 10505: 10461: 10451: 9897: 9693: 9683: 9606: 9527: 9477:Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 9211: 9201: 9157: 9071: 9030: 8897: 8887: 8846: 8836: 8437: 8283: 8273: 8232: 8213:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 8180: 8096: 8039: 7973: 7963: 7845: 7796: 7704: 7623: 7523: 7482: 7472: 7387: 7329: 7280: 7231: 7154: 7070: 6935: 6886: 6794: 6753: 6743: 6702: 6653: 6643: 6602: 6495: 6360: 6276: 6266: 6119: 6101: 5983: 5934: 5885: 5832: 5787: 5679: 3936:release at peripheral and central sites. 2481:Trans-4 and cis-4- fluorogabapentin (α2δ 95:Learn how and when to remove this message 16791:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. 16488: 12357:Painfully Obvious – A Community Resource 11508: 10282:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 9824:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 8748: 8426:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 8021: 7945: 7777:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 7604:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 6776: 6242: 4735:loreclezole may also bind to this site. 4428: 3432:is a semi-synthetic prescription opioid. 2827:) and for their very high potential for 2003:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 1686:. Gabapentinoids are selective for the α 849: 601: 468:still used by humans. Ethanol can cause 401: 116:central nervous system (CNS) depressants 16827:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 15882:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids 12276: 12087: 11174: 11008: 10830: 10798:Dhaliwal, Armaan; Gupta, Mohit (2022), 10371:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 10279: 7946:Quintero, Gabriel C (9 February 2017). 7310:The British Journal of General Practice 6961:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 6142: 5529: 4979:. Diproqualone is the only analogue of 4577:, coma, and/or respiratory depression. 3847:. The activation of KOR usually causes 3041:3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid 1021:, which causes its depressant effects. 994:, similar to barbiturates. This causes 14: 17550: 16718:Office of National Drug Control Policy 16506:International drug control conventions 15020:Pharmacological classification systems 14387:Selective estrogen receptor modulators 10700: 9633:American Journal of Law & Medicine 6732:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 6632:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 6475:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 241. 5923:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 4967:; it is used more rarely for treating 4570:, and seizures, which could be fatal. 3670:The receptor plays a critical role in 2892:In low doses, GHB mainly binds to the 2188:of gabapentinoids usually consists of 2025:disorders, especially in instances of 1973:. Pregabalin and gabapentin have many 1810:GABA that could more easily cross the 1726:large neutral amino acid transporter 1 591:in 1955 and made available in 1960 by 292:, are depressants that are similar to 16909: 16487: 16059:List of cannabis rights organizations 16006: 15088: 15050: 14667:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 14014: 12397: 12122: 11824: 11380: 10831:New, David C.; Wong, Yung H. (2002). 10738:Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 10735: 8356: 7426:from the original on 22 December 2019 7205: 6510:10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.as38 6496:Frye, Mark; Moore, Katherine (2009). 6334: 5429: 5427: 4939:receptor, antagonist activity at all 3280: 2354:, or alcohol withdrawal. To minimize 2206:severe uncontrollable jerking motions 1040:, and a decreased effort to breathe ( 530:, and they have a high risk of fatal 474:taxation and regulation of production 8419: 7952:Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 7826:Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 7678: 7171: 6410: 5668:Canadian Medical Association Journal 5562:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 4879:, methaqualone, and the barbiturate 4762:, euphoria, muscular hyperactivity, 4005:, a lethal condition that can cause 3166:gamma-Valerolactone, γ-Valerolactone 3079:(antipsychotic GHB receptor ligands) 1818:, mainly as an add-on treatment for 1698:δ site to lower the release of many 1655:), which may be responsible for the 1613:trafficking and kinetics, initiates 1573:δ subunit family. Gabapentin is the 971:, and benzodiazepines. Carisoprodol 827:effects. They have other uses, like 276:effects. Most anticonvulsants, like 38: 14280:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 12218: 12171:. 11 September 2016. Archived from 11517: 11472:Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 10623:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 10236: 9878:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 9629: 9501: 7685:Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 7051:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 6143:Sneader, Walter (31 October 2005). 5377: 4418: 4060:off the receptor and block another 3902:nociception opioid peptide receptor 3481:Opioids are substances that act on 3404:as a possible detoxification tool. 3357:, it causes the neuron to rest and 2791:GHB can usually be found in either 2668:Severity of GHB withdrawal syndrome 1730:excitatory amino acid transporter 3 1346:) (muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant) 1068:. Discontinuation symptoms include 169:Depressants are closely related to 24: 17563:Drugs acting on the nervous system 16611:Law Enforcement Action Partnership 11993:. 23 February 2012. Archived from 11881:Drug Management of Prostate Cancer 11825:Milne, George W. A. (8 May 2018). 10596:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.11.001 10251:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb03732.x 9672:Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 9060:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 8420:Cash, Christopher D. (June 1994). 7224:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x 6912:"Gabapentin for smoking cessation" 6469:Douglas Kirsch (10 October 2013). 6421:10.1016/B978-0-12-415853-5.00050-9 6353:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x 5424: 4831:and quinazolinone anxiolytics and 3407: 3103:4-hydroxy-4-napthylbutanoic acid ( 2995:auditory and visual hallucinations 2788:are agonists of the GHB receptor. 2252:. This usually presents itself as 1755:like l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and 1747:, both of which also bind to the α 1410:(muscle relaxant and tranquilizer) 1404:(muscle relaxant and tranquilizer) 1242:) (anxiolytic and muscle relaxant) 707:withdrawal symptoms in the newborn 684:benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome 550: 60:link to broken or outdated sources 25: 17579: 16628:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 13143:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate 12350: 11381:Boyer, Edward W. (12 July 2012). 10668:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 10079:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 9249:The Journal of Emergency Medicine 7998:"Pregabalin Use During Pregnancy" 7822:"Gabapentin and Suicide Attempts" 5335:Central nervous system depression 4215:opioids (derived from thebaine): 3993:is fatal. A person overdosing on 3884:. The activation of DOR may have 3517:central nervous system depression 3150:Prodrugs that metabolize into GHB 2817:central nervous system depressant 2815:and have a black box warning for 2782:central nervous system depression 2236:). It is not known if they cause 2105:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc 1546:. They are activated (opened) at 1426: 677:such as aggression or behavioral 216:, as well as, in some instances, 16633:Transform Drug Policy Foundation 16527:Other treaties addressing drugs 16007: 15029: 15009: 15008: 12384:National Institute on Drug Abuse 12297: 12270: 12238: 12212: 12195:"New York Doll Murcia died here" 12187: 12161: 12142: 12116: 12081: 12056: 12034: 12009: 11905: 11872: 11845: 11818: 11769: 11720: 11694: 11669: 11552: 11537:10.1213/00000539-199803000-00019 11459: 11374: 11325: 11276: 11261: 11217: 11175:Chavkin, Charles (August 2018). 11168: 11119: 11070: 10975: 10918: 10892: 10873: 10824: 10791: 10764: 10729: 10694: 10659: 10635:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00158.x 10610: 10532: 10427: 10337:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.01.012 10316: 10273: 10230: 10140: 10105: 10069: 10019: 9976: 9941: 9914: 9815: 9801:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00265.x 9780: 9754:Journal of Analytical Toxicology 9745: 9710: 9659: 9623: 9574: 9495: 9467: 9425: 9356:European Journal of Pharmacology 9320:European Journal of Pharmacology 9150:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.003 9023:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.012 8022:Schifano, Fabrizio (June 2014). 7730:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 7436: 7306:"Substance misuse of gabapentin" 7063:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00289.x 6102:Fernstrom, John D. (June 2005). 5160: 4686: 4669: 4654: 4483:. The drug increases inhibitory 3943: 3643:receptor is responsible for the 3455: 3439: 3422: 3303: 3289: 3145:(positive allosteric modulators) 2673: 2661: 2647: 2087:reported on 25 March 2010 that " 1925:Gabapentinoids have anxiolytic, 1861:voltage-gated potassium channels 1635:. Gabapentinoids are not direct 1470: 1456: 1441: 1192:substance in the United States. 795:are a class of depressants, or " 413:, sometimes called "spirit" or " 43: 17466:Regulation of therapeutic goods 17390:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 16951:Opium production in Afghanistan 14417:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones 11387:New England Journal of Medicine 11289:British Journal of Pharmacology 9836:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.002 9453:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.09.014 9382: 9346: 9310: 9275: 9138:Pharmacology & Therapeutics 9047: 8960: 8863: 8812: 8777: 8742: 8707: 8664: 8590: 8536:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.014 8515: 8462: 8350: 8325: 8300: 8249: 8148: 8113: 8077:Neuropsychopharmacology Reports 8064: 8015: 7990: 7939: 7895: 7862: 7813: 7764: 7721: 7672: 7648: 7591: 7548: 7525:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110830 7499: 7448: 7346: 7297: 7248: 7122: 7087: 7038: 6995: 6952: 6916:Nicotine & Tobacco Research 6903: 6811: 6783:Clinical Interventions in Aging 6770: 6719: 6670: 6619: 6570: 6526: 6437: 6404: 6377: 6328: 6302:Current Opinion in Pharmacology 6163: 6136: 6095: 5951: 5910: 5857: 5804: 5755: 5723: 5696: 5655: 3964:voltage-gated potassium channel 3880:, and its endogenous ligand is 3364:Common nonbenzodiazepines like 3089:3-phenylpropyloxybutyric acid ( 2210:suicidal thoughts and behaviors 2045:, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, 1830:, convert into GABA or another 1719:calcitonin gene-related peptide 1663:are mainly responsible for the 1274:) (anxiolytic and tranquilizer) 511: 17414:of tobacco or other substances 12251:. 19 July 2011. Archived from 12090:Forensic Science International 11645:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3370-12.2012 10553:10.1080/02791072.2007.10400616 9441:Forensic Science International 8524:Forensic Science International 7512:Forensic Science International 6695:10.1002/14651858.CD011790.pub2 6595:10.1002/14651858.CD007076.pub3 5976:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1204-13.2014 5628: 5552: 5530:Burgess, Lana (30 July 2019). 5523: 5470: 5407: 5352: 5316:Combining multiple depressants 4887:, a drummer for the rock band 4143:Natural opiates (derived from 4086:rostromedial tegmental nucleus 4082:rostromedial tegmental nucleus 3634:rostromedial tegmental nucleus 3464:rostromedial tegmental nucleus 2702:alongside ethanol. GHB is the 2167:uncontrollable jerking motions 2047:post-traumatic stress disorder 1826:, but they do not bind to the 1791:. This may be relevant to the 1553:, which is the source of the " 1528:voltage-gated calcium channels 334: 13: 1: 17446:Needle and syringe programmes 17395:Long-term effects of cannabis 16796:Psilocybin mushrooms legality 16723:School district drug policies 14169:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics 12123:Moghe, Sonia (25 July 2015). 12102:10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00484-4 11745:10.1080/02791072.2017.1394508 11733:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 11518:Sun, Hsiao Lun (March 1998). 10800:"Physiology, Opioid Receptor" 10541:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 10294:10.1016/S0149-7634(89)80053-3 10208:10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00152-5 9997:10.1016/S0306-4530(96)00048-0 9962:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00017-0 9368:10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00068-5 9261:10.1016/S0736-4679(00)00188-8 8576:10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00191-5 7147:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67215-7 7004:Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 6777:Cappuzzo, Kimberly A (2009). 5574:10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00097-4 5345: 4643:) (withdrawn before approval) 3960:voltage-gated calcium channel 3783:Decreased testosterone levels 2993:which may require restraint, 2401:Gabapentin Extended-Release ( 2157:, involuntary eye movements ( 1561:. Gabapentinoids bind to the 1464:Voltage gated calcium channel 1004:communication between neurons 799:", that are synthesized from 781: 372:Obsessive–compulsive disorder 75:or discuss this issue on the 16516:1971 Psychotropic Substances 14880:Wakefulness-promoting agents 10777:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 10680:10.1517/14656566.2012.667074 10440:Journal of Clinical Medicine 10401:Annals of Emergency Medicine 9332:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90248-8 9296:10.1016/0006-2952(68)90010-5 8938:10.1097/WNF.0b013e318203d415 8479:10.1007/978-3-540-28516-8_12 8439:10.1016/0149-7634(94)90031-0 8312:www.swisstargetprediction.ch 7679:Toth, Cory (February 2014). 7557:Journal of Forensic Sciences 7474:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002396 7418:Food and Drug Administration 6973:10.1517/13543784.2014.979283 6832:10.1097/WNF.0b013e3181cda242 6078:Practical Management of Pain 4807:EEG photoparoxysmal response 4115:positive reinforcing effects 3224:2-Furanone, γ-crotonolactone 3131:3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( 2911:is GHB, since GHB is also a 2846:GHB is used illegally as an 2706:substance among a couple of 1967:generalized anxiety disorder 1839:, or directly modulate GABA 7: 17304:Pharmaceutical distribution 16941:Coca production in Colombia 16392:Counterculture of the 1960s 13669:Tetracyclic antidepressants 13483:Tetracyclic antidepressants 11917:www.guidetopharmacology.org 11889:10.1007/978-1-60327-829-4_8 11633:The Journal of Neuroscience 10584:General Hospital Psychiatry 10325:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 9950:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 9731:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.01.005 9587:Drugs - Real World Outcomes 9011:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 8981:10.1016/j.sleep.2003.11.002 8685:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.06.017 8564:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 6498:"Gabapentin and Pregabalin" 6472:Sleep Medicine in Neurology 5964:The Journal of Neuroscience 5328: 5052:effects than methaqualone. 4850:psychological addictiveness 4499:, observed clinically as a 4474:central nervous depressants 4437:is very similar to that of 4102:inhibitory neurotransmitter 2328:gastrointestinal complaints 2212:. Gabapentinoids, like all 1667:effects of gabapentinoids. 1597:throughout the central and 1066:similar mechanism of action 928:. Uncommon but potentially 736: 579:ring. The first such drug, 10: 17584: 17476:Substance abuse prevention 17451:Opioid replacement therapy 14530:Intravenous immunoglobulin 11593:10.1016/j.tins.2012.06.007 11524:Anesthesia & Analgesia 9599:10.1007/s40801-020-00223-6 9520:10.1007/s40263-022-00912-6 8926:Clinical Neuropharmacology 8650:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.09.001 7742:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.09.019 7380:10.1038/s41598-020-67318-6 7273:10.1007/s40264-020-00985-6 6820:Clinical Neuropharmacology 6314:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003 6208:Medicinal Research Reviews 6173:Future Medicinal Chemistry 6021:10.1016/j.tips.2006.12.006 5385:"Minimum Legal Age Limits" 4829:Methaqualone hydrochloride 4658: 4422: 4129:also excite this pathway. 3906:G protein-coupled receptor 3878:G protein-coupled receptor 3872:The third receptor is the 3828:G protein-coupled receptor 3796:Increased pain sensitivity 3649:G protein-coupled receptor 3411: 3385:rebound withdrawal effects 3341:receptor site to keep the 2997:, and possibly death from 2905:G protein-coupled receptor 2729:. The sodium salt of GHB, 2680:GHB that is used to treat 2636: 2133:of gabapentinoids include 1753:Branched-chain amino acids 1738:branched-chain amino acids 1599:peripheral nervous systems 1430: 785: 756:tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 740: 560: 554: 515: 425: 421: 29: 17568:Health effects of alcohol 17489: 17481:Supervised injection site 17423: 17338: 16964: 16931: 16920: 16916: 16910: 16905: 16809: 16771:Anabolic steroid legality 16758: 16643: 16551: 16536:Convention Against Doping 16531:Law of the Sea Convention 16498: 16494: 16483: 16462:Urban legends about drugs 16374: 16326: 16263: 16160: 16127: 16019: 16015: 16002: 15939: 15912: 15850: 15796: 15697: 15602: 15593: 15538: 15371: 15234: 15099: 15095: 15084: 15004: 14960: 14932: 14888: 14697: 14632: 14595: 14543: 14456: 14400: 14360: 14317: 14201: 14137: 14049: 13872: 13825: 13797: 13764: 13744: 13690: 13646:Tricyclic antidepressants 13631: 13619: 13562: 13504: 13460:Tricyclic antidepressants 13428: 13365: 13353: 13282: 13130: 13067: 13034: 13016: 12948: 12895: 12852: 12824: 12766: 12643: 12500: 12452: 12440: 11794:10.1007/s11419-017-0379-4 11193:10.1038/s41386-018-0046-4 11095:10.1126/scisignal.aar4309 10984:"Biochemistry, Endorphin" 10886:Neuroscience. 2nd Edition 10507:10.1186/s13063-016-1593-9 10099:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130598 9645:10.1017/S0098858800000150 9502:Heo, Young-A (May 2022). 9403:10.1007/s00213-013-3091-z 9106:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.028 8611:10.3109/15563659709001236 8392:American Family Physician 8262:BMC Clinical Pharmacology 8041:10.1007/s40263-014-0164-4 7108:10.1089/10445460152595630 6879:10.1007/s40263-016-0390-z 6149:. John Wiley & Sons. 6146:Drug Discovery: A History 5435:World Health Organization 5360:"Depressant – Definition" 4515:in the liver to have its 4290:Fully synthetic opioids: 3926:gastrointestinal motility 3466:(RMTg) is located in the 3390:benzodiazepine equivalent 3255:GHB receptor antagonists: 3096:4-benzyloxybutyric acid ( 3018:Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid 3007:GHB receptor modulators: 2877:. This caused it to be a 2692:Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid 2639:Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid 2633:Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid 2525:amino acids that bind to 2112:gamma-hydroxybutyric acid 2091:violated a United States 1949:. They are also used for 1591:P/Q-type calcium channels 1144:. Other carbamates block 709:. Benzodiazepines can be 110:, colloquially known as " 17277:Turks and Caicos Islands 16786:Methamphetamine legality 16099:Marijuana Policy Project 15090:Major recreational drugs 14585:Topoisomerase inhibitors 14269:renin–angiotensin system 14263:Calcium channel blockers 13231:Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) 12225:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 11484:10.1177/2042098617744161 10750:10.2174/1568026023393444 9985:Psychoneuroendocrinology 9284:Biochemical Pharmacology 9094:Biochemical Pharmacology 8225:10.17305/bjbms.2018.4008 8173:10.1177/1941874416637404 7697:10.1177/2042098613505614 6108:The Journal of Nutrition 5536:www.medicalnewstoday.com 5498:10.1177/0269881112474525 4842:antimalarial medications 4094:midbrain dopamine system 3778:Impaired sexual function 3770:Delayed gastric emptying 3186:1,4-Butanediol acetate ( 3082:3-Chloropropanoic acid ( 2896:and weakly binds to the 2272:physiological dependence 2242:calcium channel blockers 2214:calcium channel blockers 2069:, and the prevention of 1904:calcium channel blockers 1763:(LNAA) transport at the 1761:large neutral amino acid 1671:, a non-gabapentinoid ω- 1124:, which could be fatal. 1024:Carbamates are fatal in 973:allosterically modulates 958:psychological dependence 934:Stevens–Johnson syndrome 930:severe adverse reactions 754:. The chemical compound 464:. Ethanol is the oldest 456:that has been used as a 397: 30:Not to be confused with 16054:Cannabis rights leaders 13718:Atypical antipsychotics 13532:Atypical antipsychotics 12310:Neuropsychopharmacology 11581:Trends in Neurosciences 11239:10.1124/jpet.105.095810 11181:Neuropsychopharmacology 10413:10.1067/mem.2001.112985 10162:10.1124/jpet.103.058909 10114:Chemical Communications 8471:Communication in Plants 8308:"SwissTargetPrediction" 7569:10.1111/1556-4029.13263 7016:10.1023/a:1022361412956 5780:10.1124/jpet.109.151142 4797:, nausea and vomiting, 4070:precipitated withdrawal 4048:is a μ-opioid receptor 3970:less likely to release 3962:(green) closes and the 3920:functions, spontaneous 3865:. This causes powerful 3822:The κ-opioid receptor ( 3493:and are highly abused. 3194:Ethyl acetoxy butanoate 3156:γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid ( 2776:, which overpowers the 2748:receptor that releases 2717:and as a treatment for 2713:GHB has been used as a 2708:GHB receptor modulators 2171:auditory hallucinations 1995:social anxiety disorder 1734:amino acid transporters 1728:(LAT1, SLC7A5) and the 1680:N-type calcium channels 1661:N-type calcium channels 1595:R-type calcium channels 1587:N-type calcium channels 1583:L-type calcium channels 1038:levels of consciousness 619:gamma-aminobutyric acid 585:discovered accidentally 16862:Politics of drug abuse 15830:Mandragora officinarum 14377:Hormonal contraception 14307:Bile acid sequestrants 14088:Proton-pump inhibitors 14051:gastrointestinal tract 13892:Chlorophenylalkyldiols 13700:Typical antipsychotics 13514:Typical antipsychotics 11956:10.1124/mol.115.099291 11944:Molecular Pharmacology 11301:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703219 10715:10.1002/arch.940220104 8786:Alcohol and Alcoholism 8763:10.1093/alcalc/34.1.15 8751:Alcohol and Alcoholism 8728:10.1093/sleep/21.5.507 8638:Sleep Medicine Reviews 6548:10.1212/wnl.59.10.1573 6415:. pp. 1225–1238. 6268:10.4161/chan.4.6.12864 6121:10.1093/jn/135.6.1539S 6114:(6 Suppl): 1539S–46S. 4442: 4040:cardiovascular failure 4016:central nervous system 4003:respiratory depression 3894:respiratory depression 3819: 3801:Irregular menstruation 3618:central nervous system 3586:central nervous system 3568:When "pain" occurs, a 3332:central nervous system 2837:respiratory depression 2774:central nervous system 2246:excreted by the kidney 2220:. Taking them with an 1971:restless legs syndrome 1951:postherpetic neuralgia 1645:high-voltage activated 1042:respiratory depression 992:central nervous system 952:, for a long time, as 864:of carbamates include 858: 719:central nervous system 611: 418: 238:respiratory depression 178:prescription medicines 17222:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16521:1988 Drug Trafficking 16114:Cannabis and religion 15078:Recreational drug use 11677:"γ-Aminobutyric acid" 11399:10.1056/NEJMra1202561 8889:10.3390/ijerph6061917 8838:10.3390/ijerph8072816 8798:10.1093/alcalc/agq086 8275:10.1186/1472-6904-4-6 7322:10.3399/bjgp12X653516 6009:Trends Pharmacol. Sci 5878:10.1002/ANA.410250302 5825:10.1002/ana.410250302 5309:gamma-hydroxybutyrate 4891:, died at 21 when he 4772:tonic-clonic seizures 4553:vasomotor instability 4432: 4111:dopaminergic pathways 4052:, meaning instead of 3932:, and the control of 3706:Common and short term 3703: 3396:or, more preferably, 3110:5-Hydroxypentanoate ( 3011:GHB receptor agonists 2999:tonic-clonic seizures 2936:. GHB can also cause 2316:psychomotor agitation 2276:rapid discontinuation 2244:. Gabapentinoids are 2216:, are known to cause 1832:GABA receptor agonist 1822:. Gabapentinoids are 1542:, VDCCs are normally 1294:) (hypnotic-sedative) 1256:) (sedative-hypnotic) 1106:psychomotor agitation 938:embryo-fetal toxicity 853: 605: 599:(Valium) since 1963. 493:blood alcohol content 436:Blood alcohol content 405: 126:levels, decrease the 17471:Responsible drug use 17282:United Arab Emirates 16601:Drug Policy Alliance 16489:Legality of drug use 16094:Legality of cannabis 16069:Cannabis Social Club 16039:Cannabis cultivation 16034:Cannabis consumption 15865:Cannabis (Marijuana) 15687:Psilocybin mushrooms 14986:Radiopharmaceuticals 14774:Antiparkinson agents 13849:Gabapentin enacarbil 12897:Neuroactive steroids 12867:Apronal (apronalide) 12322:10.1038/npp.2015.185 12175:on 11 September 2016 12052:on 23 February 2012. 11435:"Opioid Antagonists" 9766:10.1093/jat/28.6.481 9489:10.1039/JA9951000177 8333:"Target Report Card" 8161:The Neurohospitalist 7422:. 19 December 2019. 4965:rheumatoid arthritis 4943:, inhibition of the 4895:while overdosing on 4893:drowned in a bathtub 4720:proteins on the GABA 4561:general irritability 4415:) (indole alkaloid) 2864:human growth hormone 2388:Gabapentin enacarbil 2258:altered mental state 2238:gingival enlargement 2230:anti-diabetic agents 2175:erectile dysfunction 2079:human growth hormone 2059:vestibular disorders 1947:generalized seizures 1769:aromatic amino acids 1577:gabapentinoid. The α 1046:suppresses breathing 721:depressants such as 715:deep unconsciousness 713:and cause dangerous 470:alcohol intoxication 17529:Tobacco consumption 17499:Alcohol consumption 17441:Drug rehabilitation 17378:Effects of cannabis 17102:Indian Ocean region 16882:Philippine drug war 16511:1961 Narcotic Drugs 15192:nail polish remover 14769:Antimigraine agents 14759:Antidementia agents 14662:Anti-inflammatories 14352:Medicated dressings 14292:Antihyperlipidemics 14119:Diabetes medication 12377:1 July 2019 at the 12246:"Microgram Journal" 11997:on 23 February 2012 11883:. pp. 91–100. 11782:Forensic Toxicology 11639:(41): 14094–14101. 11046:10.1503/cmaj.051528 10943:2017NatSR...741952M 10453:10.3390/jcm10112333 10091:2021SeAcB.34730598S 9685:10.2147/SAR.S315720 7965:10.2147/JEP.S124391 7372:2020NatSR..1010445A 6504:. pp. 767–77. 5866:Annals of Neurology 5813:Annals of Neurology 4941:histamine receptors 4861:increased sexuality 4714:benzodiazepine site 4529:neonatal withdrawal 3774:Decreased sex drive 3630:reticular formation 3626:periaqueductal gray 3378:anterograde amnesia 3324:benzodiazepine site 3216:, γ-Butyrolactone ( 3214:gamma-Butyrolactone 3172:) (prodrug to GHV) 2956:Physical dependence 2770:inhibitory receptor 2700:alcoholic beverages 2585:(approved for pain) 2356:withdrawal symptoms 2338:, as well as acute 2280:withdrawal symptoms 2155:shortness of breath 1959:diabetic neuropathy 1910:class are used for 1812:blood–brain barrier 1795:of gabapentinoids. 1765:blood–brain barrier 1607:presynaptic neurons 1551:membrane potentials 1526:subunit-containing 1514:and thereby act as 1186:acute liver failure 1030:difficulty thinking 675:paradoxical effects 647:anterograde amnesia 448:(known formally as 411:alcoholic beverages 350:Generalized anxiety 284:, are depressants. 166:category of drugs. 128:electrical activity 73:addressing link rot 68:improve the article 17558:Psychoactive drugs 17385:Drug-related crime 17062:Dominican Republic 16972:Illegal drug trade 16447:Religion and drugs 16402:Drug paraphernalia 16382:Chasing the dragon 16341:Fashion cigarettes 15922:Calea zacatechichi 15617:Psychoactive toads 15327:Mitragyna speciosa 15279:Dextropropoxyphene 15221:Nonbenzodiazepines 15129:Alcoholic beverage 14622:Immunosuppressants 14492:Antimycobacterials 14448:Antithyroid agents 14432:Mineralocorticoids 14236:Cardiac stimulants 14226:Cardiac glycosides 14218:cardiac therapy / 14114:Anti-obesity drugs 13914:Diethylpropanediol 13196:Dichloralphenazone 13112:Methylmethaqualone 12950:Nonbenzodiazepines 12477:Diethylpropanediol 12155:The New York Times 11144:10.1111/acer.13406 10931:Scientific Reports 10126:10.1039/C3CC49603A 10035:Neuroendocrinology 9391:Psychopharmacology 9190:Neuropsychobiology 9073:10.5664/jcsm.27549 8134:10.2146/ajhp090313 8089:10.1002/npr2.12195 7360:Scientific Reports 6928:10.1093/ntr/ntp195 6745:10.2147/NDT.S36453 6335:Lapin, I. (2001). 6185:10.4155/fmc.10.287 5463:on 12 March 2014. 5437:(31 August 2009). 5140:Methylmethaqualone 5017:Methylmethaqualone 4899:and methaqualone. 4838:Syed Husain Zaheer 4811:myoclonic twitches 4799:decreased appetite 4784:respiratory arrest 4756:myoclonic twitches 4443: 4409:Mitragyna speciosa 4395:Dextropropoxyphene 4375:Dextropropoxyphene 4145:papaver somniferum 4001:is presented with 3968:presynaptic neuron 3954:is activated on a 3922:locomotor activity 3805:Increased risk of 3584:or "hurt". In the 3447:Papaver somniferum 3351:intercellular area 3345:open. This causes 3320:Nonbenzodiazepines 3281:Nonbenzodiazepines 2778:excitatory effects 2715:general anesthetic 2489:4-Methylpregabalin 2234:thiazolidinediones 2228:effect of certain 2179:myoclonic seizures 2147:increased appetite 2124:breathing problems 2095:law by improperly 2035:multiple sclerosis 2027:spinal cord injury 1721:(CGRP), and more. 1618:signaling cascades 1540:membrane potential 1510:) site of certain 1284:) (anticonvulsant) 1154:general anesthesia 1098:decreased appetite 998:to open, allowing 859: 837:alcohol withdrawal 803:. Carbamates have 663:alcohol withdrawal 612: 499:of alcohol in the 442:alcoholic beverage 428:Alcoholic beverage 419: 315:and inhibition of 256:) and a number of 182:illicit substances 158:from depressants. 17545: 17544: 17541: 17540: 17537: 17536: 17456:Pharmacovigilance 17436:Drug legalization 17334: 17333: 16901: 16900: 16897: 16896: 16832:Cognitive liberty 16776:Cannabis legality 16564:Decriminalization 16479: 16478: 16475: 16474: 16361:Smoking fetishism 15998: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15935: 15934: 15815:Atropa belladonna 15182:contact adhesives 15124:Ethanol (alcohol) 15044: 15043: 14947:Ophthalmologicals 14657:Anabolic steroids 14560:Anticancer agents 14523:Ectoparasiticides 14243:Antihypertensives 14191:Antifibrinolytics 14008: 14007: 13760: 13759: 13558: 13557: 13278: 13277: 13159:Potassium bromide 13117:Nitromethaqualone 12625:Thiotetrabarbital 12472:Ethanol (alcohol) 11898:978-1-60327-831-7 11865:978-94-011-4439-1 11838:978-1-351-78989-9 11683:, 6 February 2023 11089:(542): eaar4309. 11083:Science Signaling 10951:10.1038/srep41952 10850:10.1159/000065432 10784:978-1-4377-1679-5 10196:Neuropharmacology 10120:(22): 2904–2906. 10047:10.1159/000064523 9923:Missouri Medicine 9890:10.1111/cns.12337 9203:10.1159/000443173 8488:978-3-540-28516-8 8398:(11): 2478–2482. 8359:"DEXTROTHYROXINE" 7917:10.1111/jgs.17312 7911:(10): 2842–2850. 7832:(12): 1241–1247. 7789:10.1111/bcp.14348 7783:(12): 2435–2440. 7616:10.1111/bcp.15352 7267:(12): 1235–1254. 7141:(9488): 818–824. 6873:(12): 1191–1200. 6645:10.2147/ndt.s4716 6542:(10): 1573–1579. 6519:978-1-58562-309-9 6482:978-1-118-76417-6 6430:978-0-12-415853-5 6255:Channels (Austin) 6156:978-0-470-01552-0 6088:978-0-323-17080-2 6061:978-1-4511-5348-4 5970:(25): 8605–8611. 5486:J Psychopharmacol 5453:978-92-9061-430-2 5364:Princeton WordNet 5145:Nitromethaqualone 5042:Nitromethaqualone 5038:of methaqualone. 4985:anti-inflammatory 4957:inflammatory pain 4911:sigma-1 receptors 4764:agitated delirium 4694:Nitromethaqualone 4501:sedative-hypnotic 4470:aminoglutethimide 4433:The structure of 4098:dopamine pathways 4036:inhalation reflex 3952:μ-opioid receptor 3890:δ-opioid agonists 3874:δ-opioid receptor 3755:Opioid dependence 3751:Cognitive effects 3680:nucleus accumbens 3661:trouble urinating 3612:, and many more. 3563:μ-opioid agonists 2954:is very intense. 2909:endogenous ligand 2881:substance in the 2694:, or "GHB", is a 2682:alcohol addiction 2360:Abrupt withdrawal 2296:flu-like symptoms 2190:severe drowsiness 2151:urinary retention 2120:black box warning 2063:Ménière's disease 1991:smoking cessation 1987:opioid withdrawal 1880:neurotransmission 1494:to the auxiliary 1034:poor coordination 996:chloride channels 894:poor coordination 760:muscle relaxation 593:Hoffmann–La Roche 563:Nonbenzodiazepine 466:recreational drug 458:psychoactive drug 344:Anxiety disorders 226:muscle relaxation 214:memory impairment 124:neurotransmission 105: 104: 97: 16:(Redirected from 17575: 17373:Drug harmfulness 17368:Driving impaired 17187:Papua New Guinea 16956:Rolling meth lab 16929: 16928: 16918: 16917: 16907: 16906: 16872:Mexican drug war 16781:Cocaine legality 16766:Alcohol legality 16596:Demand reduction 16584:Supply reduction 16496: 16495: 16485: 16484: 16162:Drinking culture 16104:Medical cannabis 16064:Cannabis smoking 16021:Cannabis culture 16017: 16016: 16004: 16003: 15980:recreational use 15825:Hyoscyamus niger 15786:Salvia divinorum 15769:Amanita muscaria 15731:recreational use 15711:recreational use 15600: 15599: 15168:recreational use 15097: 15096: 15086: 15085: 15071: 15064: 15057: 15048: 15047: 15033: 15012: 15011: 14996:Senotherapeutics 14850:Neuroprotectives 14845:Mood stabilizers 14744:Anti-ADHD agents 14684:Muscle relaxants 14617:Immunostimulants 14612:Immunomodulators 14444:Thyroid hormones 14382:Fertility agents 14285:Renin inhibitors 14176:Antihemorrhagics 14143:forming organs ( 14129:Dietary minerals 14035: 14028: 14021: 14012: 14011: 13933:muscle relaxants 13836: 13833: 13629: 13628: 13363: 13362: 13300:4-Fluorophenibut 13036:Piperidinediones 12910:Allopregnanolone 12492:Trichloroethanol 12450: 12449: 12418: 12411: 12404: 12395: 12394: 12344: 12343: 12333: 12301: 12295: 12294: 12274: 12268: 12267: 12265: 12263: 12257: 12250: 12242: 12236: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12216: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12205: 12199:shadyoldlady.com 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12135: 12120: 12114: 12113: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12048:. Archived from 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12013: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12002: 11987: 11978: 11977: 11967: 11934: 11921: 11920: 11909: 11903: 11902: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11849: 11843: 11842: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11805: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11756: 11724: 11718: 11717: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11656: 11624: 11613: 11612: 11576: 11561: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11539: 11515: 11506: 11505: 11495: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11430: 11421: 11420: 11410: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11361: 11350:10.1037/a0013628 11329: 11323: 11322: 11312: 11295:(7): 1261–1283. 11280: 11274: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11233:(3): 1337–1348. 11221: 11215: 11214: 11204: 11187:(9): 1803–1804. 11172: 11166: 11165: 11155: 11138:(8): 1402–1418. 11123: 11117: 11116: 11106: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11057: 11025: 11006: 11005: 11004: 11002: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10962: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10852: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10768: 10762: 10761: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10646: 10614: 10608: 10607: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10519: 10509: 10485: 10476: 10475: 10465: 10455: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10396: 10387: 10386: 10368: 10358: 10349: 10348: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10234: 10228: 10227: 10191: 10182: 10181: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10032: 10023: 10017: 10016: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9901: 9869: 9856: 9855: 9830:(4): 1217–1227. 9819: 9813: 9812: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9714: 9708: 9707: 9697: 9687: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9610: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9551: 9542: 9541: 9531: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9438: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9243: 9234: 9233: 9215: 9205: 9181: 9172: 9171: 9161: 9129: 9118: 9117: 9089: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9034: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8921: 8912: 8911: 8901: 8891: 8882:(6): 1917–1929. 8867: 8861: 8860: 8850: 8840: 8831:(7): 2816–2827. 8816: 8810: 8809: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8632: 8623: 8622: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8559: 8548: 8547: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8506: 8502: 8500: 8492: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8441: 8417: 8408: 8407: 8383: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8287: 8277: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8204: 8195: 8194: 8184: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8100: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8043: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8008: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7977: 7967: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7849: 7838:10.1002/pds.2036 7817: 7811: 7810: 7800: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7708: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7627: 7610:(8): 3911–3917. 7595: 7589: 7588: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7527: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7486: 7476: 7467:(10): e1002396. 7452: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7391: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7333: 7316:(601): 406–407. 7301: 7295: 7294: 7284: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7235: 7212:CNS Drug Reviews 7206:Lapin I (2001). 7203: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7158: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7074: 7042: 7036: 7035: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6939: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6798: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6757: 6747: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6657: 6647: 6638:(6): 1211–1224. 6623: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6364: 6341:CNS Drug Reviews 6332: 6326: 6325: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6280: 6270: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6123: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5987: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5938: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5889: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5836: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5791: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5711:(3): 1383–1391. 5700: 5694: 5693: 5683: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5599: 5586: 5585: 5568:(8): 2625–2633. 5556: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5542: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5483: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5456:. Archived from 5445: 5431: 5422: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5356: 5283:Muscle relaxants 5189:Anticholinergics 5055:Quinazolinones: 4959:associated with 4953:Sigma-2 receptor 4949:Sigma-1 receptor 4945:cyclooxygenase-1 4690: 4673: 4573:Overdose causes 4557:incessant crying 4489:neuro-inhibition 4446:Piperidinediones 4419:Piperidinediones 4127:Psychostimulants 3947: 3934:neurotransmitter 3854:Salvia divinorum 3812:Slowed breathing 3791:Immunodeficiency 3765:Loss of appetite 3614:Opioid receptors 3578:negative emotion 3483:opioid receptors 3459: 3443: 3426: 3394:chlordiazepoxide 3343:chloride channel 3307: 3293: 2991:severe agitation 2938:absence seizures 2913:neurotransmitter 2677: 2665: 2651: 2368:severe agitation 2364:rebound seizures 2023:spastic movement 1999:bipolar disorder 1977:uses, including 1957:associated with 1955:neuropathic pain 1943:partial seizures 1914:to weakly block 1820:partial seizures 1808:neurotransmitter 1653:Purkinje neurons 1637:channel blockers 1633:thrombospondin 1 1605:δ is located on 1474: 1460: 1445: 1392:(anticonvulsant) 1232:) (tranquilizer) 1162:over-the-counter 1110:pressured speech 1015:neurotransmitter 821:antihypertensive 616:neurotransmitter 581:chlordiazepoxide 446:contains alcohol 444:is a drink that 329:channel blockers 150:). In contrast, 100: 93: 89: 86: 80: 70: 47: 39: 21: 17583: 17582: 17578: 17577: 17576: 17574: 17573: 17572: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17533: 17491: 17485: 17461:Reagent testing 17419: 17410:Passive smoking 17340: 17330: 16960: 16946:Drug precursors 16933: 16924: 16922: 16912: 16893: 16847:Drug possession 16822:Cannabis rights 16805: 16801:Salvia legality 16754: 16645: 16639: 16547: 16490: 16471: 16452:Self-medication 16370: 16366:Tobacco smoking 16328:Smoking culture 16322: 16259: 16156: 16123: 16079:Cannabis vaping 16049:Cannabis rights 16044:Cannabis edible 16011: 15990: 15931: 15927:Silene capensis 15908: 15846: 15842:Diphenhydramine 15792: 15693: 15589: 15534: 15486:Methylphenidate 15476:Methamphetamine 15367: 15230: 15114:Benzodiazepines 15091: 15080: 15075: 15045: 15040: 15036:Medicine portal 15000: 14956: 14928: 14923: 14915:Cough medicines 14910:Bronchodilators 14891: 14884: 14764:Antidepressants 14754:Anticonvulsants 14702: 14693: 14689:Bisphosphonates 14679:Corticosteroids 14641: 14628: 14600: 14591: 14575:Spindle poisons 14565:Antimetabolites 14548: 14539: 14461: 14452: 14427:Glucocorticoids 14422:Corticosteroids 14403: 14396: 14363: 14356: 14313: 14231:Antiarrhythmics 14204: 14197: 14154:Antithrombotics 14142: 14133: 14109:Antipropulsives 14105:Antidiarrhoeals 14082: 14053: 14045: 14039: 14009: 14004: 13868: 13831: 13821: 13793: 13756: 13740: 13686: 13633:Antidepressants 13624: 13615: 13586:Dexmedetomidine 13567: 13554: 13500: 13430:Antidepressants 13424: 13385:Diphenhydramine 13358: 13349: 13287: 13274: 13263:Isovaleric acid 13226:Sulfonylalkanes 13181:Chloral hydrate 13176:Chloral betaine 13154:Lithium bromide 13126: 13063: 13030: 13012: 12944: 12891: 12848: 12820: 12762: 12645:Benzodiazepines 12639: 12545:Ethallobarbital 12496: 12445: 12436: 12422: 12379:Wayback Machine 12353: 12348: 12347: 12302: 12298: 12275: 12271: 12261: 12259: 12258:on 19 July 2011 12255: 12248: 12244: 12243: 12239: 12229: 12227: 12217: 12213: 12203: 12201: 12193: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12167: 12166: 12162: 12147: 12143: 12133: 12131: 12121: 12117: 12086: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12068:news.google.com 12062: 12061: 12057: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12025: 12023: 12015: 12014: 12010: 12000: 11998: 11989: 11988: 11981: 11935: 11924: 11911: 11910: 11906: 11899: 11877: 11873: 11866: 11850: 11846: 11839: 11823: 11819: 11774: 11770: 11725: 11721: 11699: 11695: 11686: 11684: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11625: 11616: 11587:(11): 681–690. 11577: 11564: 11557: 11553: 11516: 11509: 11464: 11460: 11451: 11449: 11431: 11424: 11379: 11375: 11330: 11326: 11281: 11277: 11266: 11262: 11222: 11218: 11173: 11169: 11124: 11120: 11075: 11071: 11040:(11): 1589–94. 11026: 11009: 11000: 10998: 10980: 10976: 10923: 10919: 10897: 10893: 10878: 10874: 10829: 10825: 10816: 10814: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10734: 10730: 10699: 10695: 10664: 10660: 10615: 10611: 10580: 10576: 10537: 10533: 10486: 10479: 10432: 10428: 10397: 10390: 10366: 10359: 10352: 10321: 10317: 10278: 10274: 10235: 10231: 10192: 10185: 10145: 10141: 10110: 10106: 10074: 10070: 10030: 10024: 10020: 9981: 9977: 9946: 9942: 9919: 9915: 9870: 9859: 9820: 9816: 9785: 9781: 9750: 9746: 9715: 9711: 9664: 9660: 9628: 9624: 9579: 9575: 9552: 9545: 9500: 9496: 9472: 9468: 9436: 9430: 9426: 9387: 9383: 9351: 9347: 9315: 9311: 9280: 9276: 9244: 9237: 9182: 9175: 9130: 9121: 9090: 9081: 9052: 9048: 9003: 8996: 8965: 8961: 8922: 8915: 8868: 8864: 8817: 8813: 8782: 8778: 8747: 8743: 8712: 8708: 8669: 8665: 8633: 8626: 8595: 8591: 8560: 8551: 8520: 8516: 8504: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8467: 8463: 8418: 8411: 8384: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8254: 8250: 8205: 8198: 8153: 8149: 8128:(11): 910–912. 8118: 8114: 8069: 8065: 8020: 8016: 8006: 8004: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7944: 7940: 7900: 7896: 7887: 7885: 7867: 7863: 7818: 7814: 7769: 7765: 7726: 7722: 7677: 7673: 7654: 7653: 7649: 7596: 7592: 7553: 7549: 7504: 7500: 7453: 7449: 7437: 7429: 7427: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7351: 7347: 7302: 7298: 7253: 7249: 7204: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7127: 7123: 7092: 7088: 7043: 7039: 7000: 6996: 6957: 6953: 6908: 6904: 6859: 6855: 6816: 6812: 6775: 6771: 6724: 6720: 6689:(5): CD011790. 6675: 6671: 6624: 6620: 6589:(1): CD007076. 6575: 6571: 6531: 6527: 6520: 6494: 6490: 6483: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6409: 6405: 6382: 6378: 6333: 6329: 6298: 6294: 6247: 6243: 6204: 6200: 6168: 6164: 6157: 6141: 6137: 6100: 6096: 6089: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6043: 6036: 6005: 6001: 5956: 5952: 5915: 5911: 5862: 5858: 5809: 5805: 5760: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5701: 5697: 5674:(19): 993–995. 5660: 5656: 5643:(10): 720–727. 5633: 5629: 5620: 5618: 5600: 5589: 5557: 5553: 5540: 5538: 5528: 5524: 5481: 5475: 5471: 5460: 5454: 5443: 5432: 5425: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5366: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5331: 5318: 5299:cyclobenzaprine 5273:chloral hydrate 5229:diphenhydramine 5207:Anticonvulsants 5163: 5152:(Dicloqualone, 4997:camphosulfonate 4938: 4908: 4723: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4674: 4663: 4657: 4600:Pyrithyldione ( 4479: 4427: 4421: 4211:Semi-synthetic 4012:pinpoint pupils 3991:opioid overdose 3987: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3948: 3820: 3702: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3416: 3410: 3408:Opioids/opiates 3388:crossover to a 3355:negative charge 3340: 3329: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3283: 3275: 2963: 2945: 2926: 2920: 2901: 2871: 2839:, seizures, or 2821:hypoventilation 2780:, thus causing 2765: 2738:muscle weakness 2689: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2641: 2635: 2594:Dextrothyroxine 2530: 2472:4-Flurophenibut 2282:like insomnia, 2226:fluid-retaining 2071:motion sickness 1935:antinociceptive 1919: 1908:dihydropyridine 1900:thrombospondins 1885: 1867:), which might 1857:GABA B receptor 1750: 1697: 1689: 1678:, binds to the 1642: 1624:, and promotes 1622:gene expression 1611:calcium channel 1604: 1580: 1572: 1533: 1523: 1499: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1475: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1435: 1429: 1146:sodium channels 1140:subunit of the 1135: 988: 922:overstimulation 809:muscle relaxant 790: 784: 745: 739: 692:adverse effects 643:muscle relaxant 629:, resulting in 626: 583:(Librium), was 565: 559: 553: 551:Benzodiazepines 520: 514: 438: 426:Main articles: 424: 409:(concentrated) 400: 337: 160:Antidepressants 148:anticonvulsants 101: 90: 84: 81: 66: 64: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17581: 17571: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17543: 17542: 17539: 17538: 17535: 17534: 17532: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17520: 17519: 17514: 17506: 17501: 17495: 17493: 17487: 17486: 17484: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17427: 17425: 17424:Harm reduction 17421: 17420: 17418: 17417: 17416: 17415: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17381: 17380: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17358:Date rape drug 17355: 17350: 17344: 17342: 17336: 17335: 17332: 17331: 17329: 17328: 17327: 17326: 17324:Liquor license 17321: 17316: 17311: 17301: 17299:Darknet market 17296: 17295: 17294: 17289: 17284: 17279: 17274: 17269: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16968: 16966: 16962: 16961: 16959: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16937: 16935: 16926: 16914: 16913: 16903: 16902: 16899: 16898: 16895: 16894: 16892: 16891: 16889:Zero tolerance 16886: 16885: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16864: 16859: 16854: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16813: 16811: 16807: 16806: 16804: 16803: 16798: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16762: 16760: 16756: 16755: 16753: 16752: 16751: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16663:Czech Republic 16660: 16655: 16649: 16647: 16641: 16640: 16638: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16624: 16623: 16616:Liberalization 16613: 16608: 16606:Harm reduction 16603: 16598: 16588: 16587: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16555: 16553: 16549: 16548: 16546: 16545: 16544: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16525: 16524: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16502: 16500: 16492: 16491: 16481: 16480: 16477: 16476: 16473: 16472: 16470: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16432:Party and play 16429: 16424: 16422:Needle sharing 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16378: 16376: 16372: 16371: 16369: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16336:Cigarette card 16332: 16330: 16324: 16323: 16321: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16269: 16267: 16261: 16260: 16258: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16245:Tailgate party 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16195:Drinking games 16192: 16187: 16185:Binge drinking 16182: 16177: 16172: 16166: 16164: 16158: 16157: 16155: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16133: 16131: 16129:Coffee culture 16125: 16124: 16122: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16025: 16023: 16013: 16012: 16000: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15992: 15991: 15989: 15988: 15983: 15973: 15972: 15971: 15966: 15956: 15951: 15945: 15943: 15937: 15936: 15933: 15932: 15930: 15929: 15924: 15918: 15916: 15910: 15909: 15907: 15906: 15905: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15879: 15878: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15856: 15854: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15844: 15839: 15837:Dimenhydrinate 15834: 15833: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15802: 15800: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15788: 15778: 15773: 15772: 15771: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15737:alkyl nitrites 15734: 15719: 15714: 15703: 15701: 15695: 15694: 15692: 15691: 15690: 15689: 15675: 15674: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15661:Peruvian torch 15653: 15648: 15643: 15642: 15641: 15631: 15630: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15608: 15606: 15597: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15585: 15580: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15559: 15558: 15550: 15544: 15542: 15536: 15535: 15533: 15532: 15531: 15530: 15525: 15515: 15514: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15462: 15461: 15451: 15450: 15449: 15444: 15434: 15433: 15432: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15400: 15395: 15394: 15393: 15383: 15377: 15375: 15369: 15368: 15366: 15365: 15360: 15359: 15358: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15336: 15335: 15334: 15324: 15319: 15318: 15317: 15309: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15294: 15289: 15288: 15287: 15284: 15276: 15275: 15274: 15266: 15265: 15264: 15254: 15253: 15252: 15249: 15240: 15238: 15232: 15231: 15229: 15228: 15226:Quinazolinones 15223: 15218: 15213: 15212: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15201: 15200: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15173: 15172: 15171: 15153: 15148: 15146:Gabapentinoids 15143: 15142: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15105: 15103: 15093: 15092: 15082: 15081: 15074: 15073: 15066: 15059: 15051: 15042: 15041: 15039: 15038: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15005: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14981:Contrast media 14978: 14972: 14970: 14958: 14957: 14955: 14954: 14949: 14943: 14941: 14934:sensory organs 14930: 14929: 14927: 14926: 14921: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14901: 14899: 14886: 14885: 14883: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14779:Antipsychotics 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14749:Antiaddictives 14746: 14741: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14729: 14719: 14713: 14711: 14704:nervous system 14695: 14694: 14692: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14674:Antirheumatics 14671: 14670: 14669: 14659: 14653: 14651: 14630: 14629: 14627: 14626: 14625: 14624: 14619: 14608: 14606: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14589: 14588: 14587: 14582: 14580:Antineoplastic 14577: 14572: 14567: 14556: 14554: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14526: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14513:Antiprotozoals 14508:Antiparasitics 14505: 14500: 14495: 14488:Antibacterials 14484:Antimicrobials 14480: 14478: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14450: 14441: 14436: 14435: 14434: 14429: 14419: 14413: 14411: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14373: 14371: 14358: 14357: 14355: 14354: 14349: 14347:Antipsoriatics 14344: 14339: 14334: 14328: 14326: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14289: 14288: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14275:ACE inhibitors 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14214: 14212: 14203:cardiovascular 14199: 14198: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14173: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14164:Anticoagulants 14161: 14150: 14148: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14076: 14065: 14063: 14047: 14046: 14038: 14037: 14030: 14023: 14015: 14006: 14005: 14003: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13980:Passion flower 13977: 13967: 13962: 13961: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13910: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13889: 13888: 13887: 13876: 13874: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13840: 13838: 13829: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13803: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13770: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13758: 13757: 13755: 13754: 13748: 13746: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13738: 13737: 13736: 13730: 13725: 13715: 13714: 13713: 13707: 13705:Chlorpromazine 13696: 13694: 13692:Antipsychotics 13688: 13687: 13685: 13684: 13683: 13682: 13676: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13658: 13653: 13643: 13637: 13635: 13626: 13622: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13572: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13553: 13552: 13551: 13550: 13544: 13539: 13529: 13528: 13527: 13521: 13519:Chlorpromazine 13510: 13508: 13506:Antipsychotics 13502: 13501: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13490: 13480: 13479: 13478: 13472: 13467: 13457: 13456: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13434: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13380:Cyproheptadine 13377: 13371: 13369: 13367:Antihistamines 13360: 13356: 13351: 13350: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13324:sodium oxybate 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13295:1,4-Butanediol 13291: 13289: 13285: 13280: 13279: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13268:Valerenic acid 13265: 13260: 13250: 13245: 13244: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13167: 13166: 13164:Sodium bromide 13161: 13156: 13145: 13140: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13073: 13071: 13069:Quinazolinones 13065: 13064: 13062: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13040: 13038: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13028: 13022: 13020: 13014: 13013: 13011: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12954: 12952: 12946: 12945: 12943: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12901: 12899: 12893: 12892: 12890: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12858: 12856: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12830: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12772: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12649: 12647: 12641: 12640: 12638: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12590:Propylbarbital 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12506: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12487:Methylpentynol 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12447: 12443: 12438: 12437: 12421: 12420: 12413: 12406: 12398: 12392: 12391: 12381: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12352: 12351:External links 12349: 12346: 12345: 12316:(1): 126–141. 12296: 12269: 12237: 12221:"Cloroqualone" 12211: 12186: 12160: 12141: 12115: 12096:(2): 142–149. 12080: 12055: 12033: 12021:Addiction Hope 12008: 11979: 11950:(2): 401–420. 11922: 11904: 11897: 11871: 11864: 11844: 11837: 11817: 11768: 11739:(2): 167–176. 11719: 11693: 11668: 11614: 11562: 11551: 11530:(3): 544–545. 11507: 11458: 11422: 11393:(2): 146–155. 11373: 11344:(5): 405–416. 11324: 11275: 11260: 11216: 11167: 11118: 11069: 11007: 10974: 10917: 10901:"Mu Receptors" 10891: 10872: 10843:(4): 197–212. 10823: 10790: 10783: 10763: 10744:(8): 833–839. 10728: 10709:(1–2): 13–23. 10693: 10674:(6): 879–893. 10658: 10629:(5): 387–397. 10609: 10590:(4): 394–396. 10574: 10547:(3): 293–296. 10531: 10477: 10426: 10407:(2): 147–153. 10388: 10350: 10315: 10288:(4): 187–198. 10272: 10245:(4): 361–368. 10229: 10202:(3): 427–439. 10183: 10156:(1): 182–188. 10139: 10104: 10068: 10041:(3): 170–177. 10018: 9991:(3): 129–140. 9975: 9940: 9929:(7): 354–357. 9913: 9884:(2): 123–140. 9857: 9814: 9795:(2): 199–204. 9779: 9760:(6): 481–484. 9744: 9725:(4): 490–493. 9719:Sleep Medicine 9709: 9658: 9639:(1): 189–192. 9622: 9573: 9562:(2): 278–283. 9543: 9514:(5): 541–549. 9494: 9466: 9447:(1): 158–162. 9424: 9381: 9362:(2): 331–337. 9345: 9326:(2): 211–214. 9309: 9290:(5): 735–739. 9274: 9235: 9173: 9144:(1): 100–114. 9119: 9100:(2): 220–228. 9079: 9066:(4): 365–371. 9046: 8994: 8975:(2): 119–123. 8969:Sleep Medicine 8959: 8913: 8862: 8811: 8776: 8741: 8722:(5): 507–514. 8706: 8673:Sleep Medicine 8663: 8644:(5): 431–443. 8624: 8605:(6): 581–590. 8589: 8549: 8530:(2): 289–292. 8514: 8487: 8461: 8432:(2): 291–304. 8409: 8375: 8349: 8324: 8299: 8248: 8219:(2): 125–129. 8196: 8147: 8112: 8083:(3): 434–439. 8063: 8034:(6): 491–496. 8014: 7989: 7938: 7894: 7861: 7812: 7763: 7720: 7671: 7647: 7590: 7563:(1): 169–173. 7547: 7498: 7447: 7403: 7345: 7296: 7247: 7195: 7170: 7121: 7102:(3): 301–309. 7086: 7057:(3): 269–270. 7037: 7010:(4): 217–222. 6994: 6967:(4): 585–594. 6951: 6922:(3): 300–304. 6902: 6853: 6810: 6769: 6718: 6669: 6618: 6569: 6525: 6518: 6488: 6481: 6461: 6449:db.idrblab.net 6436: 6429: 6403: 6392:(6): 698–700. 6376: 6347:(4): 471–481. 6327: 6292: 6261:(6): 490–496. 6241: 6198: 6179:(2): 223–241. 6162: 6155: 6135: 6094: 6087: 6067: 6060: 6034: 5999: 5950: 5929:(5): 679–682. 5909: 5872:(3): 213–220. 5856: 5819:(3): 213–220. 5803: 5774:(2): 827–837. 5754: 5722: 5695: 5654: 5627: 5604:"Carisoprodol" 5587: 5551: 5522: 5492:(3): 317–324. 5469: 5452: 5423: 5406: 5376: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5330: 5327: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5302: 5280: 5258: 5251:chlorpromazine 5243:Antipsychotics 5240: 5225:Antihistamines 5222: 5204: 5186: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5119: 5105: 5095: 5077: 5072: 5067: 4961:osteoarthritis 4936: 4906: 4889:New York Dolls 4789:Quinazolinone 4776:possibly fatal 4748:kidney failure 4733:anticonvulsant 4724:receptor. The 4721: 4705: 4692: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4675: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4659:Main article: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4651: 4646:Glutethimide ( 4644: 4621: 4598: 4497:limbic systems 4485:GABAergic tone 4477: 4423:Main article: 4420: 4417: 4403: 4402: 4392: 4382: 4372: 4362: 4352: 4342: 4332: 4322: 4312: 4302: 4288: 4287: 4277: 4267: 4257: 4247: 4237: 4227: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4183: 4173: 4163: 4077:and diarrhea. 3949: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3914:cardiovascular 3886:antidepressant 3867:hallucinations 3818: 3817: 3814: 3809: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3700: 3699: 3655:. This causes 3461: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3428: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3412:Main article: 3409: 3406: 3338: 3327: 3309: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3231: 3221: 3211: 3201: 3191: 3184: 3177:1,4-Butanediol 3162: 3161: 3147: 3146: 3136: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3062: 3048: 3030: 3029: 2961: 2943: 2924: 2918: 2899: 2875:date-rape drug 2869: 2786:antipsychotics 2763: 2731:sodium oxybate 2679: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2659: 2655:GABA analogues 2653: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2637:Main article: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2591: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2528: 2521:), endogenous 2519:gabapentinoids 2512: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2457:Not approved: 2455: 2454: 2453:) (Japan only) 2444: 2434: 2416: 2406: 2399: 2385: 2348:benzodiazepine 2336:hallucinations 2324:disorientation 2262:potential harm 2202:slurred speech 2198:blurred vision 2041:, depression, 2031:cerebral palsy 1927:anticonvulsant 1917: 1892:AMPA receptors 1888:NMDA receptors 1883: 1828:GABA receptors 1824:GABA analogues 1781:catecholamines 1748: 1707:neurochemicals 1695: 1687: 1640: 1629:synaptogenesis 1602: 1581:δ is found on 1578: 1570: 1569:sites of the α 1531: 1521: 1497: 1488:Gabapentinoids 1476: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1433:Gabapentinoids 1431:Main article: 1428: 1427:Gabapentinoids 1425: 1424: 1423: 1422:(tranquilizer) 1417: 1416:(tranquilizer) 1411: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1385:Not approved: 1378: 1377: 1347: 1337: 1323: 1309: 1295: 1285: 1275: 1257: 1243: 1233: 1219: 1133: 1082:hallucinations 1074:disorientation 1019:nervous system 1008:nervous system 986: 829:muscle tremors 813:anticonvulsant 786:Main article: 783: 780: 741:Main article: 738: 735: 639:sleep-inducing 624: 621:(GABA) at the 569:benzodiazepine 557:Benzodiazepine 555:Main article: 552: 549: 516:Main article: 513: 510: 423: 420: 399: 396: 395: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 363: 362: 357: 355:Social anxiety 352: 336: 333: 262:Gabapentinoids 254:benzodiazepine 242:anticonvulsant 230:blood pressure 103: 102: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17580: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17555: 17553: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17509: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17496: 17494: 17490:Countries by 17488: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17431:Drug checking 17429: 17428: 17426: 17422: 17413: 17412: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17400:Neurotoxicity 17398: 17396: 17393: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17379: 17376: 17375: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17345: 17343: 17337: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17314:Cannabis shop 17312: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17287:United States 17285: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17142:Latin America 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16973: 16970: 16969: 16967: 16963: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16938: 16936: 16930: 16927: 16919: 16915: 16908: 16904: 16890: 16887: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16877:Plan Colombia 16875: 16873: 16870: 16869: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16837:Designer drug 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16814: 16812: 16808: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16763: 16761: 16759:Drug legality 16757: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16710: 16709: 16708:United States 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16650: 16648: 16642: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16622: 16621:Latin America 16619: 16618: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16593: 16592: 16591:Policy reform 16589: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16561: 16560: 16557: 16556: 16554: 16550: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16526: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16507: 16504: 16503: 16501: 16499:International 16497: 16493: 16486: 16482: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16457:Sex and drugs 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16437:Poly drug use 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16379: 16377: 16373: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16346:Cloud-chasing 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16329: 16325: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16273:Psychonautics 16271: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16262: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16200:Drinking song 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16190:Diethyl ether 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16180:Beer festival 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16167: 16165: 16163: 16159: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16134: 16132: 16130: 16126: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16024: 16022: 16018: 16014: 16010: 16005: 16001: 15987: 15984: 15981: 15977: 15976:Nitrous oxide 15974: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15961: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15942: 15938: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15919: 15917: 15915: 15911: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15884: 15883: 15880: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15862: 15861: 15858: 15857: 15855: 15853: 15849: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15807: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15799: 15795: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15732: 15728: 15727:Nitrous oxide 15725: 15724: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15712: 15708: 15705: 15704: 15702: 15700: 15699:Dissociatives 15696: 15688: 15685: 15684: 15683: 15679: 15676: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15658: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15640: 15637: 15636: 15635: 15632: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15614: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15607: 15605: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15595:Hallucinogens 15592: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15556: 15555: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15545: 15543: 15541: 15537: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15516: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15498: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15460: 15457: 15456: 15455: 15452: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15439: 15438: 15435: 15431: 15428: 15427: 15426: 15423: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15413:Energy drinks 15411: 15409: 15406: 15405: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15392: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15378: 15376: 15374: 15370: 15364: 15361: 15357: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15349: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15337: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15315: 15314: 15313: 15312:Hydromorphone 15310: 15308: 15305: 15300: 15299: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15285: 15282: 15281: 15280: 15277: 15272: 15271: 15270: 15267: 15263: 15260: 15259: 15258: 15255: 15250: 15247: 15246: 15245: 15244:Buprenorphine 15242: 15241: 15239: 15237: 15233: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15197:Paint thinner 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15179: 15178: 15174: 15169: 15165: 15164:Nitrous oxide 15162: 15161: 15159: 15158: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15126: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15087: 15083: 15079: 15072: 15067: 15065: 15060: 15058: 15053: 15052: 15049: 15037: 15032: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15007: 15006: 15003: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14964: 14959: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14925: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14905:Decongestants 14903: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14893: 14887: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14837: 14834: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14824:Dissociatives 14822: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14815: 14814:Hallucinogens 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14724: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14705: 14700: 14696: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14668: 14665: 14664: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14645: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14614: 14613: 14610: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14598: 14594: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14561: 14558: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14546: 14542: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14518:Anthelmintics 14516: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14493: 14489: 14485: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14464: 14459: 14455: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14424: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362:genitourinary 14359: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14342:Antipruritics 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14290: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14272: 14271: 14270: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14258:Beta blockers 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14223: 14222: 14221: 14216: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14200: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14178: 14177: 14174: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14159:Antiplatelets 14157: 14156: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14140: 14136: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14057: 14052: 14048: 14044: 14036: 14031: 14029: 14024: 14022: 14017: 14016: 14013: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13959: 13958:Methocarbamol 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13948:Mephenoxalone 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13938:Chlorphenesin 13936: 13935: 13934: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13908: 13907:Phenaglycodol 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13894: 13893: 13890: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13841: 13839: 13837: 13824: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13800: 13796: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13743: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13720: 13719: 13716: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13689: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13671: 13670: 13667: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13651:Amitriptyline 13649: 13648: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13634: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13618: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13569: 13561: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13516: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13503: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13485: 13484: 13481: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13465:Amitriptyline 13463: 13462: 13461: 13458: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13431: 13427: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13400:Methapyrilene 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13368: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13352: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13325: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13305:Aceburic acid 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13288: 13281: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13258:Isovaleramide 13256: 13255: 13254: 13253:Sesquiterpene 13251: 13249: 13246: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13191:Clomethiazole 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13129: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13074: 13072: 13070: 13066: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13054:Pyrithyldione 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13033: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13015: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12947: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12894: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12823: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12806:Phenprobamate 12804: 12802: 12801:Methocarbamol 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12791:Hexapropymate 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12708:Flutoprazepam 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12693:Flunitrazepam 12691: 12689: 12688:Flunitrazolam 12686: 12684: 12683:Flubromazolam 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12646: 12642: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12585:Phenobarbital 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12575:Pentobarbital 12573: 12571: 12570:Narcobarbital 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12560:Mephobarbital 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12540:Cyclobarbital 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12482:Ethchlorvynol 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12439: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12419: 12414: 12412: 12407: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12396: 12389: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12376: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12341: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12300: 12292: 12288: 12284: 12281:(in German). 12280: 12273: 12254: 12247: 12241: 12226: 12222: 12215: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12174: 12170: 12164: 12156: 12152: 12145: 12130: 12126: 12119: 12111: 12107: 12103: 12099: 12095: 12091: 12084: 12069: 12065: 12059: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12037: 12022: 12018: 12012: 11996: 11992: 11986: 11984: 11975: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11918: 11914: 11908: 11900: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11875: 11867: 11861: 11857: 11856: 11848: 11840: 11834: 11831:. Routledge. 11830: 11829: 11821: 11813: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11772: 11764: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11723: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11682: 11678: 11672: 11664: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11575: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11560: 11555: 11547: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11514: 11512: 11503: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11462: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11429: 11427: 11418: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11377: 11369: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11328: 11320: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11269: 11264: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11220: 11212: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11163: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11114: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11073: 11065: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11014: 11012: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10978: 10970: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10921: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10882:"Nociceptors" 10876: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10837:Neuro-Signals 10834: 10827: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10794: 10786: 10780: 10776: 10775: 10767: 10759: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10739: 10732: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10697: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10662: 10654: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10624: 10620: 10613: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10578: 10570: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10535: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10484: 10482: 10473: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10430: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10395: 10393: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10364: 10357: 10355: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10276: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10233: 10225: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10190: 10188: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10143: 10135: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10108: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10072: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10029: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9979: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9951: 9944: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9917: 9909: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9783: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9713: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9626: 9618: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9577: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9550: 9548: 9539: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9470: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9435: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9397:(1): 95–103. 9396: 9392: 9385: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9349: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9242: 9240: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9178: 9169: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9074: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9050: 9042: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9001: 8999: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8963: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8920: 8918: 8909: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8866: 8858: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8815: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8745: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8631: 8629: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8593: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8518: 8510: 8498: 8490: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8414: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8382: 8380: 8364: 8363:genophore.com 8360: 8353: 8338: 8337:www.ebi.ac.uk 8334: 8328: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8295: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8244: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8201: 8192: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8151: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8018: 8003: 7999: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7767: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7716: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7461:PLOS Medicine 7458: 7451: 7444: 7443:public domain 7425: 7421: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7399: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7218:(4): 471–81. 7217: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7200: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6898: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6665: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6529: 6521: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6492: 6484: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6465: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6432: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6308:(1): 108–13. 6307: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6214:(2): 149–77. 6213: 6209: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6166: 6158: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6139: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6071: 6063: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6046:Elaine Wyllie 6041: 6039: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5887:2027.42/50330 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5834:2027.42/50330 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5731:"Meprobamate" 5726: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5548: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5415:Ethanol Level 5410: 5395:on 4 May 2016 5394: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5215:carbamazepine 5212: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5171:beta blockers 5168: 5165: 5164: 5161:Miscellaneous 5155: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033:designer drug 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5012: 5011:quinazolinone 5008: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4934: 4930: 4929:antihistamine 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4857:disinhibition 4853: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4819:muscle spasms 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4740:hyperreflexia 4736: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4695: 4689: 4678: 4672: 4662: 4661:Quinazolinone 4655:Quinazolinone 4649: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4623:Piperidione ( 4622: 4619: 4618:Pyrithyldione 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4581:Methyprylon ( 4580: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4545:hyperreflexia 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4509:beta blockers 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4481:anion channel 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4462:pyrithyldione 4459: 4455: 4451: 4450:breast cancer 4447: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4270:Buprenorphine 4268: 4265: 4261: 4260:Hydromorphone 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4170:Tylenol No. 3 4167: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837:motor control 3834: 3833:consciousness 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3698: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3688:spiny neurons 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3598:consciousness 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3448: 3442: 3431: 3425: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3306: 3298: 3292: 3278: 3277: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3204:Aceburic acid 3202: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069:levosulpiride 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2883:United States 2880: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2803:, or calcium 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2756:, giving GHB 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696:GABA analogue 2693: 2683: 2676: 2664: 2656: 2650: 2640: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2572:Phenylalanine 2570: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344:intrathecally 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2308:hyperhidrosis 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250:renal failure 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2222:ACE inhibitor 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:severe ataxia 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2163:memory issues 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931:antiallodynic 1928: 1923: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873:GABA activity 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1789:phenylalanine 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1692:non-selective 1685: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1615:extracellular 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555:voltage-gated 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1493: 1489: 1479: 1473: 1465: 1459: 1450: 1444: 1434: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362:phenobarbital 1359: 1358:difebarbamate 1355: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1336:, anxiolytic) 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312:Phenprobamate 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1288:Hexapropymate 1286: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Difebarbamate 1220: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:phenobarbital 1175: 1174:difebarbamate 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158:Methocarbamol 1155: 1151: 1150:Phenprobamate 1147: 1143: 1142:NMDA receptor 1139: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1053:psychological 1051:Physical and 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 982: 981:α1β2γ2 GABAAR 978: 975:and directly 974: 970: 965: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890:liver failure 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 856: 852: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 797:tranquilizers 794: 789: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 744: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 680: 679:disinhibition 676: 671: 668: 667:premedication 664: 660: 659:muscle spasms 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 620: 617: 609: 604: 600: 598: 594: 590: 589:Leo Sternbach 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 564: 558: 548: 546: 545:phenobarbital 542: 538: 533: 529: 525: 519: 509: 507: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 437: 433: 429: 416: 412: 408: 404: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 361: 360:Panic attacks 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 345: 342: 341: 340: 332: 330: 326: 322: 321:monoaminergic 318: 317:glutamatergic 314: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 172: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 99: 96: 88: 78: 74: 69: 62: 61: 57: 52:This article 50: 46: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 17517:Lifetime use 17319:Liquor store 17237:South Africa 16867:War on drugs 16693:Soviet Union 16569:Legalization 16407:Drug tourism 16255:Wine tasting 16175:Beer culture 16137:Coffee break 16074:Cannabis tea 16009:Drug culture 15852:Cannabinoids 15781:Salvinorin A 15747:amyl nitrite 15604:Psychedelics 15356:/paracetamol 15269:Desomorphine 15109:Barbiturates 15100: 14819:Psychedelics 14793: 14789:Aphrodisiacs 14463:infestations 14439:Sex hormones 14392:Sex hormones 14337:Cicatrizants 14267: 14253:Vasodilators 14220:antianginals 14217: 14069:stomach acid 14068: 14000:Valnoctamide 13902:Metaglycodol 13897:Fenpentadiol 13807:Daridorexant 13710:Thioridazine 13661:Trimipramine 13596:Medetomidine 13524:Thioridazine 13475:Trimipramine 13420:Propiomazine 13415:Promethazine 13221:Petrichloral 13206:Kavalactones 13138:Acetophenone 13107:Methaqualone 13102:Mecloqualone 13097:Mebroqualone 13087:Diproqualone 13082:Cloroqualone 13044:Glutethimide 12940:Progesterone 12930:Hydroxydione 12862:Acecarbromal 12776:Carisoprodol 12718:Lormetazepam 12703:Flutemazepam 12605:Secobarbital 12565:Methohexital 12555:Hexobarbital 12535:Butobarbital 12530:Butabarbital 12520:Aprobarbital 12510:Allobarbital 12502:Barbiturates 12313: 12309: 12299: 12282: 12278: 12272: 12260:. Retrieved 12253:the original 12240: 12228:. Retrieved 12224: 12214: 12202:. Retrieved 12198: 12189: 12177:. Retrieved 12173:the original 12163: 12154: 12144: 12132:. Retrieved 12128: 12118: 12093: 12089: 12083: 12071:. Retrieved 12067: 12058: 12050:the original 12045: 12036: 12024:. Retrieved 12020: 12011: 11999:. Retrieved 11995:the original 11947: 11943: 11916: 11907: 11880: 11874: 11854: 11847: 11827: 11820: 11788:(1): 12–32. 11785: 11781: 11771: 11736: 11732: 11722: 11706: 11696: 11685:, retrieved 11680: 11671: 11636: 11632: 11584: 11580: 11554: 11527: 11523: 11478:(1): 63–88. 11475: 11471: 11461: 11450:, retrieved 11438: 11390: 11386: 11376: 11341: 11337: 11327: 11292: 11288: 11278: 11263: 11230: 11226: 11219: 11184: 11180: 11170: 11135: 11131: 11121: 11086: 11082: 11072: 11037: 11033: 10999:, retrieved 10987: 10977: 10937:(1): 41952. 10934: 10930: 10920: 10904: 10894: 10885: 10875: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10815:, retrieved 10803: 10793: 10773: 10766: 10741: 10737: 10731: 10706: 10702: 10696: 10671: 10667: 10661: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10497: 10493: 10446:(11): 2333. 10443: 10439: 10429: 10404: 10400: 10374: 10373:(in Dutch). 10370: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10199: 10195: 10153: 10149: 10142: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10082: 10078: 10071: 10038: 10034: 10021: 9988: 9984: 9978: 9956:(1): 89–94. 9953: 9949: 9943: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9881: 9877: 9827: 9823: 9817: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9757: 9753: 9747: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9675: 9671: 9661: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9593:(1): 15–28. 9590: 9586: 9576: 9559: 9555: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9480: 9476: 9469: 9444: 9440: 9427: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9359: 9355: 9348: 9323: 9319: 9312: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9255:(1): 47–50. 9252: 9248: 9196:(2): 65–80. 9193: 9189: 9141: 9137: 9097: 9093: 9063: 9059: 9049: 9014: 9010: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8929: 8925: 8879: 8875: 8865: 8828: 8824: 8814: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8757:(1): 15–24. 8754: 8750: 8744: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8641: 8637: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8567: 8563: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8470: 8464: 8429: 8425: 8395: 8391: 8366:. Retrieved 8362: 8352: 8340:. Retrieved 8336: 8327: 8315:. Retrieved 8311: 8302: 8265: 8261: 8251: 8216: 8212: 8167:(1): 39–40. 8164: 8160: 8150: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8005:. Retrieved 8001: 7992: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7908: 7904: 7897: 7886:, retrieved 7874: 7871:"Pregabalin" 7864: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7691:(1): 38–56. 7688: 7684: 7674: 7656: 7650: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7428:. Retrieved 7415: 7406: 7366:(1): 10445. 7363: 7359: 7348: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7215: 7211: 7186:. Retrieved 7182: 7173: 7138: 7134: 7124: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6826:(2): 84–90. 6823: 6819: 6813: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6635: 6631: 6621: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6539: 6535: 6528: 6501: 6491: 6471: 6464: 6452:. Retrieved 6448: 6439: 6413:Osteoporosis 6412: 6406: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6145: 6138: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6077: 6070: 6050: 6015:(2): 75–82. 6012: 6008: 6002: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5926: 5922: 5912: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5746:, retrieved 5734: 5725: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5619:, retrieved 5607: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5546: 5539:. Retrieved 5535: 5525: 5517: 5489: 5485: 5472: 5464: 5458:the original 5439: 5413: 5409: 5397:. Retrieved 5393:the original 5388: 5379: 5367:. Retrieved 5363: 5354: 5319: 5295:carisoprodol 5237:promethazine 5153: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5122:Methaqualone 5115: 5111: 5108:Mecloqualone 5101: 5098:Mebroqualone 5091: 5087: 5083: 5075:Diproqualone 5070:Cloroqualone 5063: 5054: 5040: 5015: 5005: 4981:methaqualone 4917:Diproqualone 4915: 4903:Cloroqualone 4901: 4885:Billy Murcia 4869:South Africa 4854: 4827: 4823:irritability 4795:restlessness 4788: 4750:, delirium, 4737: 4710:neurosteroid 4702: 4677:Methaqualone 4647: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4614:Pyrithyldion 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4590: 4587:Methyprylone 4586: 4582: 4572: 4565: 4537:restlessness 4533:overactivity 4526: 4517:psychoactive 4454:glutethimide 4444: 4439:barbiturates 4435:glutethimide 4412: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4388: 4378: 4368: 4358: 4348: 4338: 4335:Ketobemidone 4328: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4289: 4283: 4273: 4263: 4253: 4243: 4233: 4223: 4210: 4189: 4179: 4169: 4159: 4142: 4131: 4084:(RMTg). The 4079: 4044: 3988: 3976:ion channels 3899: 3892:can produce 3871: 3859:salvinorin A 3852: 3821: 3745: 3744: 3725:Constipation 3705: 3704: 3692: 3682:and ventral 3676:palatability 3669: 3657:constipation 3638: 3594:neural crest 3567: 3536: 3514: 3495: 3480: 3382: 3374: 3363: 3359:cease firing 3336: 3318: 3271: 3270: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3237: 3227: 3217: 3207: 3197: 3187: 3180: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3149: 3148: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3033: 3031: 3025: 3021: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2979:hypertension 2977:, insomnia, 2949: 2907:(GPCR). Its 2894:GHB receptor 2891: 2845: 2813:Schedule III 2790: 2742:GHB receptor 2735: 2712: 2704:prototypical 2690: 2562: 2513: 2456: 2450: 2440: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2402: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2372: 2266: 2183: 2131:side effects 2128: 2109: 2093:racketeering 2083: 2007:chronic pain 1963:fibromyalgia 1924: 1912:hypertension 1834: 1797: 1793:pharmacology 1745:L-isoleucine 1723: 1709:, including 1609:and affects 1575:prototypical 1486: 1402:Cyclarbamate 1384: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1343: 1329: 1319: 1315: 1305: 1301: 1291: 1281: 1271: 1267: 1253: 1249: 1239: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1212:Soma/Miltown 1211: 1200:Carisoprodol 1194: 1126: 1050: 1036:, decreased 1023: 969:methaqualone 962: 950:carisoprodol 862:Side effects 860: 855:Carisoprodol 791: 776:cannabinoids 766:, decreased 746: 703:cleft palate 696: 672: 657:, seizures, 613: 566: 521: 512:Barbiturates 490: 460:for several 439: 338: 310: 294:barbiturates 222:dissociation 175: 168: 134:, or reduce 115: 111: 107: 106: 91: 82: 53: 36: 17524:Opiates use 17504:Cocaine use 17339:Issues with 17257:Switzerland 17242:South Korea 17212:Puerto Rico 17197:Philippines 17067:El Salvador 16977:Afghanistan 16713:Just Say No 16703:Switzerland 16678:Netherlands 16644:Drug policy 16574:Prohibition 16559:Drug policy 16552:State level 16397:Dance party 16308:Microdosing 16265:Psychedelia 16220:Oktoberfest 16142:Coffeehouse 16119:Stoner film 15810:Scopolamine 15540:Entactogens 15518:Theobromine 15381:Amphetamine 15307:Hydrocodone 15297:Diamorphine 15101:Depressants 14952:Otologicals 14924:antagonists 14890:respiratory 14865:Orexigenics 14860:Neurotoxins 14809:Euphoriants 14799:Entactogens 14794:Depressants 14784:Anxiolytics 14722:Anesthetics 14498:Antifungals 14095:Antiemetics 14083:antagonists 13985:Scopolamine 13929:Guaifenesin 13924:Fenadiazole 13880:Cannabidiol 13854:Mirogabalin 13812:Lemborexant 13789:Tasimelteon 13774:Agomelatine 13733:Risperidone 13679:Mirtazapine 13568:-Adrenergic 13547:Risperidone 13493:Mirtazapine 13443:Etoperidone 13410:Pheniramine 13395:Hydroxyzine 13216:Paraldehyde 13211:Loreclezole 13077:Afloqualone 13059:Piperidione 13049:Methyprylon 12978:Pazinaclone 12958:Eszopiclone 12920:Alphaxolone 12915:Alphadolone 12854:Monoureides 12796:Meprobamate 12733:Nitemazepam 12728:Nimetazepam 12673:Doxefazepam 12658:Cinolazepam 12630:Vinbarbital 12595:Proxibarbal 12580:Phenallymal 12515:Amobarbital 12467:Chloralodol 12285:: 542–546. 11687:11 February 11452:11 February 11001:10 February 10817:10 February 9213:2066/158441 9017:(1): 1–10. 8570:(1): 1–22. 8505:|work= 8368:21 December 8357:genophore. 8342:21 December 8317:21 December 7736:: 225–234. 7430:21 December 7261:Drug Safety 6738:: 883–892. 6278:11336/20897 5748:30 November 5621:30 November 5369:28 December 5277:eszopiclone 5247:haloperidol 5219:lamotrigine 5201:scopolamine 5197:hyoscyamine 5179:propranolol 5060:Alfoqualone 5029:convulsions 5001:ethenzamide 4865:sociability 4846:portmanteau 4803:tachycardia 4768:tachycardia 4633:Dihyprylone 4487:and causes 4466:glutarimide 4458:methyprylon 4425:Glutarimide 4355:Carfentanil 4345:Pentazocine 4250:Oxymorphone 4240:Hydrocodone 4234:Diamorphine 4075:cold sweats 3912:processes, 3653:peristalsis 3592:out of the 3582:nociception 3574:spinal cord 3524:derivatives 3487:pain relief 3326:of the GABA 3208:GHB acetate 3065:Amisulpride 2975:tachycardia 2973:, anxiety, 2852:aphrodisiac 2825:bradycardia 2604:instead of 2483:PET Imaging 2447:Mirogabalin 2334:and visual 2298:, anxiety, 2240:like other 2114:(GHB). The 2011:hot flashes 1800:Parke-Davis 1715:substance P 1704:nociceptive 1690:δ site but 1548:depolarized 1538:or resting 1536:physiologic 1420:Pentabamate 1390:Carisbamate 1354:febarbamate 1350:Tetrabamate 1264:Phenobamate 1260:Febarbamate 1204:Meprobamate 1190:Schedule IV 1170:febarbamate 1166:Tetrabamate 1118:tachycardia 1058:barbiturate 964:Meprobamate 914:nervousness 752:psychedelic 665:, and as a 575:ring and a 526:and severe 518:Barbiturate 415:hard liquor 382:Convulsions 335:Indications 298:Anesthetics 290:meprobamate 278:lamotrigine 198:pain relief 140:stimulation 132:brain cells 122:that lower 108:Depressants 32:depressogen 17552:Categories 17512:Annual use 17363:Dependence 17227:Seychelles 17132:Kyrgyzstan 17047:Costa Rica 16992:Bangladesh 16965:Drug trade 16934:production 16923:production 16842:Drug court 16728:California 16646:by country 16579:Regulation 16313:Smart shop 16298:Literature 16293:Experience 16240:Sports bar 16205:Happy hour 16170:Bartending 15941:Club drugs 15914:Oneirogens 15798:Deliriants 15678:Psilocybin 15501:Polacrilex 15471:Mephedrone 15373:Stimulants 15175:Hazardous 15119:Carbamates 14875:Stimulants 14855:Nootropics 14829:Deliriants 14804:Entheogens 14739:Anorectics 14717:Analgesics 14570:Alkylating 14503:Antivirals 14458:infections 14332:Emollients 14186:Coagulants 14056:metabolism 13953:Metaxalone 13943:Mephenesin 13864:Pregabalin 13844:Gabapentin 13817:Suvorexant 13752:Niaprazine 13728:Quetiapine 13723:Olanzapine 13606:Tizanidine 13601:Romifidine 13591:Lofexidine 13581:Detomidine 13542:Quetiapine 13537:Olanzapine 13448:Nefazodone 13390:Doxylamine 13375:Captodiame 13186:Chloralose 13150:compounds 13092:Etaqualone 12988:Suproclone 12968:Lirequinil 12935:Minaxolone 12925:Eltanolone 12905:Acebrochol 12872:Bromisoval 12839:Metomidate 12826:Imidazoles 12786:Ethinamate 12781:Emylcamate 12768:Carbamates 12743:Nitrazolam 12738:Nitrazepam 12713:Loprazolam 12698:Flurazepam 12668:Clonazolam 12663:Climazolam 12653:Brotizolam 12635:Vinylbital 12620:Thiopental 12262:1 December 12230:1 December 12204:1 December 12179:1 December 12134:1 December 12073:1 December 12046:eNotes.com 12026:1 December 12001:1 December 11707:StatPearls 11703:"Fentanyl" 11439:StatPearls 11268:EntrezGene 10988:StatPearls 10905:StatPearls 10804:StatPearls 10500:(1): 472. 10331:(1): 3–9. 10085:: 130598. 9483:(3): 177. 8932:(1): 1–4. 8792:(1): 1–2. 7875:StatPearls 7518:: 110830. 7188:6 December 7179:"Baclofen" 5608:StatPearls 5346:References 5233:doxylamine 5211:topiramate 5175:carvedilol 5092:Ethinazone 5088:Athinazone 5080:Etaqualone 5007:Etaqualone 4925:anxiolytic 4791:withdrawal 4760:somnolence 4752:hypertonia 4726:anesthetic 4629:Dihyprylon 4385:Tapentadol 4365:Loperamide 4176:Papaverine 4138:bronchitis 4054:activating 4050:antagonist 3882:deltorphin 3787:Depression 3735:Drowsiness 3665:swallowing 3606:heart rate 3402:flumazenil 3276:receptors. 3077:sultopride 2952:withdrawal 2879:Schedule I 2848:intoxicant 2746:excitatory 2727:alcoholism 2723:narcolepsy 2622:Terodiline 2617:Suloctidil 2612:Ethioninie 2606:inhibiting 2583:Ziconotide 2543:Isoleucine 2515:Endogenous 2504:Arbaclofen 2499:Atagabalin 2494:PD-217,014 2462:Imagabalin 2409:Pregabalin 2378:Gabapentin 2373:Approved: 2300:depression 2218:angioedema 2135:drowsiness 2089:Pfizer Inc 2051:stuttering 2043:alcoholism 1877:inhibiting 1869:potentiate 1845:metabolism 1777:tryptophan 1771:, notably 1700:excitatory 1669:Ziconotide 1649:cerebellum 1626:excitatory 1516:inhibitors 1414:Nisobamate 1398:(hypnotic) 1298:Mebutamate 1246:Ethinamate 1236:Emylcamate 1195:Approved: 1012:inhibitory 979:the human 960:do occur. 926:dependence 886:flatulence 866:drowsiness 805:anxiolytic 793:Carbamates 782:Carbamates 731:Beers List 699:teratogens 608:alprazolam 561:See also: 528:withdrawal 524:dependence 497:percentage 454:anesthetic 387:Depression 288:, such as 286:Carbamates 274:anxiolytic 270:pregabalin 266:gabapentin 246:anesthesia 234:heart rate 228:, lowered 206:somnolence 194:anxiolysis 164:orthogonal 156:drug class 152:stimulants 85:April 2024 17508:Cannabis 17353:Addiction 17309:Beer shop 17292:Venezuela 17157:Mauritius 16987:Australia 16925:and trade 16852:Drug test 16653:Australia 16427:Nootropic 16412:Entheogen 16387:Club drug 16235:Sommelier 16230:Pub crawl 16215:Nightclub 16210:Hip flask 16147:Latte art 16084:Head shop 15954:Quaaludes 15722:Inhalants 15671:San Pedro 15656:Mescaline 15639:Ayahuasca 15612:Bufotenin 15557:Benzofury 15548:2C series 15528:Chocolate 15491:Modafinil 15481:Methylone 15454:Ephedrine 15425:Cathinone 15386:Arecoline 15351:Oxycodone 15322:Methadone 15156:Inhalants 15025:ATC codes 14991:Dressings 14976:Antidotes 14840:Sedatives 14836:Hypnotics 14545:malignant 14402:endocrine 14248:Diuretics 14181:Platelets 14141:and blood 14100:Laxatives 13990:Trazodone 13931:-related 13784:Ramelteon 13779:Melatonin 13766:Melatonin 13674:Mianserin 13641:Trazodone 13576:Clonidine 13488:Mianserin 13453:Trazodone 13405:Perlapine 13248:Triclofos 13201:Gaboxadol 13008:Zopiclone 12993:Suriclone 12983:Saripidem 12973:Necopidem 12887:Ectylurea 12882:Carbromal 12844:Propoxate 12834:Etomidate 12811:Procymate 12758:Triazolam 12753:Temazepam 12723:Midazolam 12678:Estazolam 12615:Thiamylal 12550:Heptabarb 12429:sedatives 12425:Hypnotics 12219:PubChem. 11681:Knowledge 10377:: A1286. 10267:221733630 10239:Epilepsia 9852:207089557 9789:Addiction 9678:: 13–23. 9653:203716949 9508:CNS Drugs 9419:253740656 8954:206127007 8701:198286153 8679:: 62–70. 8507:ignored ( 8497:cite book 8028:CNS Drugs 8002:Drugs.com 7958:: 13–21. 7933:235412378 7642:248228229 7542:234770186 6989:207477337 6867:CNS Drugs 6789:: 17–23. 6536:Neurology 5541:19 August 5420:eMedicine 5305:Sedatives 5269:zopiclone 5261:Hypnotics 5255:clozapine 4989:analgesic 4977:neuralgia 4933:analgesic 4833:hypnotics 4729:etomidate 4696:structure 4610:Pyridione 4549:hypotonia 4521:analgesic 4325:Pethidine 4319:Dolophine 4315:Methadone 4299:Duragesic 4224:OxyContin 4220:Oxycodone 4213:morphinan 4201:Oripavine 4190:Narcotine 4186:Noscapine 4160:MS Contin 4123:addiction 4119:tolerance 4090:GABAergic 4032:digestion 4028:breathing 3980:brainstem 3972:glutamate 3950:When the 3888:effects. 3857:contains 3849:dysphoria 3845:dynorphin 3760:Dizziness 3740:Dry mouth 3695:endorphin 3645:analgesic 3610:digestion 3602:breathing 3580:known as 3528:analgesic 3510:oxycodone 3430:Oxycodone 3370:Zopiclone 3143:monastrol 3073:sulpiride 2983:confusion 2934:glutamate 2856:club drug 2819:effects ( 2801:magnesium 2797:potassium 2758:stimulant 2754:glutamate 2719:cataplexy 2684:in Italy. 2579:Gababutin 2576:NP-118809 2567:ligands: 2558:Aspartate 2382:Neurontin 2340:psychosis 2320:confusion 2254:myoclonus 2159:nystagmus 2139:dizziness 2118:placed a 2097:promoting 2067:dizziness 2019:migraines 1975:off-label 1941:, mainly 1896:neurexins 1841:transport 1802:to be an 1773:serotonin 1741:L-leucine 1711:glutamate 1673:conotoxin 1665:analgesic 1500:δ subunit 1451:analogues 1408:Lorbamate 1396:Clocental 1344:Sinaxamol 1340:Styramate 1326:Procymate 1278:Felbamate 1240:Striatran 1182:hepatitis 1130:Felbamate 1070:confusion 990:) in the 977:activates 906:dizziness 898:nystagmus 870:dizziness 833:agitation 825:analgesic 788:Carbamate 772:tiredness 768:alertness 711:overdosed 655:agitation 651:Midazolam 577:diazepine 541:migraines 462:millennia 407:Distilled 346:such as: 282:phenytoin 210:cognitive 171:sedatives 77:talk page 56:citations 17492:drug use 17405:Overdose 17341:drug use 17267:Thailand 17252:Suriname 17232:Slovakia 17207:Portugal 17192:Paraguay 17152:Malaysia 17092:Honduras 17042:Colombia 17027:Cambodia 16748:Virginia 16738:Maryland 16733:Colorado 16688:Slovakia 16683:Portugal 16356:Smokeasy 16250:Wine bar 16152:Teahouse 15875:Hash oil 15806:Atropine 15764:Muscimol 15754:Ketamine 15717:Glaucine 15682:Psilocin 15496:Nicotine 15403:Caffeine 15363:Tramadol 15339:Morphine 15316:Dilaudid 15292:Fentanyl 15283:Darvocet 15273:Krokodil 15248:Suboxone 15187:Gasoline 15177:solvents 15160:Medical 14870:Serenics 14535:Vaccines 14302:Fibrates 14124:Vitamins 14074:Antacids 13974:morphine 13965:Midaflur 13885:Cannabis 13859:Phenibut 13611:Xylazine 13340:Phenibut 13310:Baclofen 13236:Tetronal 13171:Centalun 13026:Propofol 13003:Zolpidem 12998:Zaleplon 12963:Indiplon 12877:Capuride 12816:Tybamate 12748:Quazepam 12610:Talbutal 12525:Barbital 12454:Alcohols 12375:Archived 12340:26105138 12291:14101319 12110:11672968 11974:26056160 11812:29367860 11763:29211971 11715:29083586 11663:23055478 11609:43434322 11601:22824232 11502:29318006 11447:30725764 11417:22784117 11368:18837637 11319:10742280 11255:21838231 11247:16537798 11211:29752444 11162:28425121 11113:30087177 11064:16717269 10996:29262177 10969:28176798 10913:31855381 10867:38056310 10859:12393946 10812:31536249 10758:12171574 10688:22424586 10653:20553305 10604:19555805 10569:44864947 10561:18159783 10526:27677382 10472:34073640 10421:11174231 10383:21040601 10345:15225884 10310:20217078 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6764:23836974 6713:27684492 6664:19337461 6613:30673120 6564:45436475 6556:12451200 6371:11830761 6322:16376147 6287:21150315 6236:38496241 6228:10189176 6193:21428817 6130:15930466 6029:17222465 5994:24948814 5945:19300598 5904:72023197 5851:72023197 5798:19244096 5743:31644030 5690:14076168 5649:17899491 5616:31971718 5582:12057651 5518:Figure 1 5514:12288500 5506:23343598 5389:IARD.org 5340:Inhalant 5329:See also 5291:phenibut 5287:baclofen 5265:zolpidem 5193:atropine 5183:atenolol 5126:Quaalude 5112:Nubarene 5050:sedative 5046:hypnotic 5036:analogue 5025:sedative 5021:hypnotic 4993:overdose 4969:insomnia 4921:sedative 4754:, coma, 4744:vomiting 4641:Tusseval 4606:Pyridion 4602:Presidon 4513:morphine 4493:cortical 4405:Others: 4399:Darvocet 4379:Darvocet 4305:Tramadol 4295:Fentanyl 4280:Naloxone 4274:Suboxone 4264:Dilaudid 4206:Narceine 4196:Thebaine 4156:Morphine 4133:Fentanyl 4106:dopamine 4066:overdose 4058:fentanyl 4046:Naloxone 3721:Vomiting 3684:pallidum 3641:μ-opioid 3622:midbrain 3555:naloxone 3532:narcotic 3498:morphine 3491:euphoria 3472:dopamine 3468:midbrain 3398:diazepam 3366:Zolpidem 3347:chloride 3311:Zaleplon 3297:Zolpidem 3266:Gabazine 3139:Catechin 2987:sweating 2967:delirium 2930:dopamine 2921:receptor 2860:euphoric 2833:Overdose 2766:receptor 2750:dopamine 2627:Bepridil 2509:Saclofen 2477:HSK16149 2441:Lioresal 2437:Baclofen 2419:Phenibut 2392:Horizant 2332:auditory 2312:seizures 2292:diarrhea 2284:headache 2268:Physical 2186:overdose 2143:weakness 2039:asthenia 2015:tinnitus 1979:insomnia 1939:epilepsy 1853:baclofen 1849:Phenibut 1816:epilepsy 1804:analogue 1785:tyrosine 1757:l-valine 1751:δ site. 1702:and pro- 1684:morphine 1631:through 1508:CACNA2D2 1504:CACNA2D1 1478:Baclofen 1334:sedative 1320:Isotonil 1316:Gamaquil 1282:Felbatol 1208:Tybamate 1122:seizures 1094:insomnia 1086:auditory 1078:delirium 1026:overdose 1006:and the 1000:chloride 954:physical 918:euphoria 910:weakness 878:diarrhea 874:headache 817:hypnotic 764:sedation 748:Cannabis 743:Cannabis 737:Cannabis 635:hypnotic 631:sedative 627:receptor 597:diazepam 537:seizures 532:overdose 377:Seizures 367:Insomnia 325:bromides 306:propofol 302:ketamine 218:euphoria 202:sedation 17167:Nigeria 17162:Moldova 17082:Germany 17077:Finland 17072:Estonia 17012:Bolivia 16668:Germany 16467:Whoonga 16318:Therapy 15986:Poppers 15964:Ecstasy 15949:Cocaine 15897:APINACA 15887:JWH-018 15870:Hashish 15742:poppers 15578:Ecstasy 15511:Tobacco 15459:Ephedra 15437:Cocaine 15257:Codeine 15251:Subutex 15236:Opioids 14727:General 14634:muscles 14603:L03–L04 14599:disease 14551:L01–L02 14547:disease 14297:Statins 13972:(e.g., 13970:Opioids 13919:Evoxine 13656:Doxepin 13470:Doxepin 13345:Tolibut 13241:Trional 13148:Bromide 13018:Phenols 12600:Reposal 12331:4677124 11965:4518083 11803:5754389 11754:6114137 11654:3513755 11546:9495411 11493:5753997 11408:3739053 11359:2711509 11310:1571975 11202:6046055 11153:5522623 11104:6373773 11055:1459894 10960:5296903 10939:Bibcode 10723:7679302 10644:6493830 10517:5039898 10463:8199158 10302:2691926 10259:3391142 10087:Bibcode 10005:9203224 9935:7651315 9899:4335601 9695:8843350 9608:7984153 9529:9095545 9376:9652377 9340:7914168 9304:5649891 9159:2631377 9032:2713368 8899:2705225 8848:3155331 8736:9703591 8619:9365423 8448:7914688 8234:6535394 8182:5167087 8098:8411313 8058:4508086 8007:11 June 7975:5308580 7903:pain". 7847:2992093 7798:7688538 7706:4110876 7625:9543893 7484:5626029 7389:7320158 7368:Bibcode 7331:3404313 7282:7686181 7233:6494145 7156:1627210 7072:6493626 7032:8468706 6937:2825098 6888:5124051 6848:4046961 6796:2685221 6755:3699256 6704:6457745 6655:2646650 6604:6353204 6398:2861865 6362:6494145 5985:4061396 5936:2656305 5896:2471436 5843:2471436 5789:2672873 5717:9067327 5681:1921904 5399:23 June 5323:suicide 5311:, etc.) 5301:, etc.) 5279:, etc.) 5257:, etc.) 5239:, etc.) 5221:, etc.) 5203:, etc.) 5185:, etc.) 5134:Mandrax 5064:Arofuto 4973:anxiety 4881:Seconal 4873:cocaine 4780:cardiac 4679:tablets 4648:Doriden 4637:Sedulon 4595:Noludar 4583:Dimerin 4568:tremors 4541:tremors 4505:CYP 2D6 4491:of the 4389:Nucynta 4369:Imodium 4359:Wildnil 4339:Ketogan 4329:Demerol 4244:Vicodin 4180:Pavabid 4166:Codeine 4020:medulla 4007:hypoxia 3999:opiates 3995:opioids 3930:anxiety 3863:agonist 3826:) is a 3712:Itching 3672:feeding 3502:codeine 3414:Opioids 3349:in the 3261:NCS-382 3126:NCS-356 3119:NCS-435 2866:due to 2784:. Some 2772:in the 2598:agonist 2589:Ethanol 2548:Leucine 2538:Calcium 2467:Tolibut 2451:Tarlige 2427:Fenibut 2423:Anvifen 2403:Gralise 2396:Regnite 2256:and an 2129:Common 2085:Reuters 1983:alcohol 1906:of the 1902:. Some 1886:δ with 1836:in vivo 1806:of the 1676:peptide 1559:epithet 1480:tablets 1374:Sevrium 1330:Equipax 1306:Dormate 1292:Merinax 1250:Valamin 1230:Sevrium 1216:Solacen 1102:anxiety 1062:alcohol 1017:in the 857:tablets 845:sprains 841:strains 727:opiates 723:alcohol 688:elderly 606:Xanax ( 573:benzene 486:spirits 450:ethanol 432:Ethanol 422:Alcohol 258:opioids 186:Alcohol 144:opioids 136:arousal 112:downers 65:Please 18:Downers 17272:Turkey 17262:Taiwan 17217:Russia 17202:Poland 17182:Panama 17172:Norway 17147:Latvia 17127:Kosovo 17057:Cyprus 17017:Brazil 17007:Bhutan 16997:Belize 16743:Oregon 16698:Sweden 16658:Canada 16417:Hippie 16351:Loosie 15820:Datura 15666:Peyote 15651:LSD-25 15408:Coffee 15332:Kratom 15301:Heroin 15286:Darvon 15203:Other 15034: 15013: 14961:other 14892:system 14644:joints 14597:immune 14404:system 14364:system 14205:system 13873:Others 13799:Orexin 13745:Others 13735:, etc. 13712:, etc. 13681:, etc. 13663:, etc. 13549:, etc. 13526:, etc. 13495:, etc. 13477:, etc. 13131:Others 13122:SL-164 12338: 12328: 12289: 12108: 11972: 11962: 11895: 11862: 11835: 11810: 11800: 11761: 11751: 11713: 11661: 11651: 11607: 11599: 11544: 11500: 11490: 11445: 11415: 11405: 11366: 11356: 11317: 11307: 11253: 11245: 11209: 11199: 11160: 11150: 11111: 11101: 11062: 11052: 10994: 10967: 10957: 10911: 10865: 10857: 10810: 10781: 10756: 10721: 10686: 10651: 10641: 10602: 10567: 10559: 10524: 10514: 10494:Trials 10470: 10460: 10419: 10381: 10343: 10308: 10300: 10265: 10257: 10222: 10214: 10178:753852 10176: 10168: 10132: 10061: 10053: 10011: 10003: 9968: 9933: 9906: 9896: 9850: 9842: 9807: 9772: 9737: 9702: 9692: 9651: 9615: 9605: 9566: 9536: 9526: 9459: 9417: 9409: 9374: 9338: 9302: 9267: 9228: 9220: 9166: 9156: 9112: 9039: 9029: 8987: 8952: 8944: 8906: 8896: 8855: 8845: 8804: 8769: 8734: 8699: 8691: 8656: 8617: 8582: 8542: 8485: 8454: 8446: 8402: 8292: 8285:514562 8282: 8241: 8231: 8189: 8179: 8140: 8105: 8095: 8056: 8048: 7982: 7972: 7931: 7923: 7888:21 May 7881: 7854: 7844: 7805: 7795: 7756: 7748: 7713: 7703: 7664: 7640: 7632: 7622: 7583: 7575: 7540: 7532: 7491: 7481: 7396: 7386: 7338: 7328: 7289: 7279: 7240: 7230: 7163: 7153: 7135:Lancet 7114: 7079: 7069: 7030: 7022: 6987: 6979: 6944: 6934: 6895: 6885: 6846: 6838: 6803: 6793: 6762: 6752: 6711: 6701: 6662: 6652: 6611: 6601: 6562: 6554: 6516: 6479: 6454:23 May 6427: 6396: 6369: 6359: 6320: 6285: 6234: 6226: 6191: 6153: 6128: 6085: 6058: 6027: 5992: 5982: 5943: 5933: 5902: 5894: 5849: 5841: 5796: 5786: 5741: 5715: 5688: 5678: 5647: 5637:IDrugs 5614: 5580: 5512: 5504: 5450: 5150:SL-164 5116:Casfen 4975:, and 4931:, and 4897:heroin 4821:, and 4770:, and 4718:GABRA1 4625:Ascron 4591:Noctan 4575:stupor 4559:, and 4468:, and 4413:Kratom 4349:Talwin 4309:Ultram 4284:Narcan 4230:Heroin 4062:ligand 3958:, the 3956:neuron 3910:memory 3839:, and 3730:Miosis 3717:Nausea 3674:. The 3632:, and 3590:mammal 3570:signal 3530:" or " 3506:heroin 3181:1,4-BD 3045:HOCPCA 2971:tremor 2887:Canada 2793:sodium 2725:, and 2563:Other 2553:Valine 2431:Noofen 2413:Lyrica 2326:, and 2288:nausea 2177:, and 2075:GABA B 2033:, and 1969:, and 1898:, and 1657:ataxic 1593:, and 1544:closed 1370:G Tril 1366:Atrium 1272:Tymium 1268:Solium 1254:Valmid 1226:Atrium 1176:, and 1120:, and 1114:tremor 1090:visual 944:, and 942:stupor 924:, and 882:nausea 835:, and 823:, and 770:, and 484:, and 452:), an 434:, and 240:, and 190:ataxia 118:, are 17348:Abuse 17247:Spain 17122:Kenya 17117:Japan 17112:Italy 17097:India 17087:Haiti 17037:China 17032:Chile 17022:Burma 17002:Benin 16982:Aruba 16911:Other 16810:Other 16673:India 16375:Other 16303:Music 16109:NORML 15969:Molly 15902:Spice 15892:APICA 15622:Vilca 15583:Molly 15553:6-APB 15523:Cocoa 15447:Crack 15398:Betel 15391:Areca 15344:Opium 15207:Freon 15015:Drugs 14732:Local 14699:brain 14638:bones 14139:blood 13995:UMB68 13315:GABOB 12256:(PDF) 12249:(PDF) 11605:S2CID 11251:S2CID 10863:S2CID 10565:S2CID 10367:(PDF) 10306:S2CID 10263:S2CID 10220:S2CID 10174:S2CID 10059:S2CID 10031:(PDF) 10009:S2CID 9848:S2CID 9649:S2CID 9437:(PDF) 9415:S2CID 9226:S2CID 8950:S2CID 8716:Sleep 8697:S2CID 8452:S2CID 8268:: 6. 8054:S2CID 7929:S2CID 7754:S2CID 7638:S2CID 7581:S2CID 7538:S2CID 7420:(FDA) 7416:U.S. 7028:S2CID 6985:S2CID 6844:S2CID 6560:S2CID 6232:S2CID 5900:S2CID 5847:S2CID 5510:S2CID 5482:(PDF) 5461:(PDF) 5444:(PDF) 5167:Alpha 5130:Sopor 5084:Aolan 5009:is a 4815:fever 4712:, or 4254:Opana 4149:opium 4088:is a 3918:renal 3807:falls 3746:Other 3551:sigma 3521:opium 3238:GHBAL 3133:3-HPA 3112:UMB58 3105:UMB86 3098:UMB73 3091:UMB72 3084:UMB66 3059:T-HCA 3034:Xyrem 3026:Xyrem 2850:, an 2829:abuse 2809:Xywav 2805:salts 2768:, an 2744:, an 2517:(not 1783:from 1775:from 1512:VDCCs 1302:Capla 902:abuse 501:blood 482:wines 478:beers 398:Types 264:like 250:Xanax 120:drugs 114:" or 58:that 54:uses 17177:Oman 17137:Laos 17107:Iran 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