147:, occurs when high and low tones come in the sequence H L (L) H; the second high tone tends to be lower than the first because of the intervening low toned syllable. That phenomenon is common in African languages, such as
213:(see for an overview of downstep in African languages). When two high tones are in succeeding syllables (thus in the sequence H H), and the second is lower than the first, there is said to be a downstep.
243:
It has been shown that in most, if not all, cases of downstep proper, the lowering of the second high tone occurs when an intervening low-toned syllable has dropped out. What was H (L) H has become H
464:
151:. It has also been argued that the same phenomenon is heard in English sentences, if these sentences are pronounced with a falling intonation, for example
611:
111:
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263:
is a floating low tone. With a noun in isolation, it docks to the preceding vowel and turns a high tone into a falling tone:
236:⟩ () because of typographic constraints, though technically that would mean an incompletely or lightly articulated
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130:(for example, both with a high tone or both with a low tone), the second syllable is lower in pitch than the first.
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However, when it occurs between two high tones, it downsteps the following tone:
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Two main kinds of downstep can be distinguished. The first, more usually called
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576:"Boundary tones and the phonetic implementation of tone in Chichewa"
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209:, is another phenomenon found in many African languages such as
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H. The missing low-toned syllable creates what is known as a '
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619:(PhD). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from
256:
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Beckman, Mary E. & Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (1986).
228:⟩ (). It is common to see instead a superscript
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462:
440:
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362:
98:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
404:
216:The symbol for the second kind of downstep in the
613:The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation
344:
16:Lowering in pitch of a second, same-tone syllable
907:
465:"Intonational Structure in English and Japanese"
368:
112:IPA ยง Brackets and transcription delimiters
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422:
672:
609:
386:
536:A dictionary of linguistics & phonetics
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126:in which if two syllables have the same
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908:
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573:
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549:Intonation in African tone languages
516:Downdrift, Downstep, and Declination
102:. For the distinction between ,
686:
646:
350:
13:
334:, which is less commonly phonemic.
14:
937:
642:. University of California Press.
610:Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (1980).
399:Beckman & Pierrehumbert 1986
363:Beckman & Pierrehumbert 1986
538:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 130.
455:
218:International Phonetic Alphabet
94:International Phonetic Alphabet
583:Studies in African Linguistics
1:
651:. Cambridge University Press.
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638:Welmers, William E. (1974).
7:
640:African Language Structures
423:Downing & Rialland 2017
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595:10.32473/sal.v25i1.107403
484:10.1017/S095267570000066X
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543:Downing, Laura J. &
389:, pp. 139ff, 329ff.
251:'. An example occurs in
534:Crystal, David (2003).
513:Connell, Bruce (2001),
255:, a language spoken in
90:phonetic transcriptions
551:. Berlin: De Gruyter.
207:non-automatic downstep
87:This article contains
574:Myers, Scott (1996).
224:down arrow, ⟨
647:Yip, Moira (2002).
122:is a phenomenon in
926:Tone (linguistics)
472:Phonology Yearbook
387:Pierrehumbert 1980
318:it's not the river
259:. In Bambara, the
135:automatic downstep
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545:Rialland, Annie
529:on 13 June 2007
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203:Downstep proper
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238:alveolar click
124:tone languages
110:⟩, see
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890:Prosodic unit
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770:Floating tone
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626:on 2015-12-13
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193:berries, and
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836:Vowel length
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740:Pitch accent
735:Tone contour
648:
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628:. Retrieved
621:the original
612:
589:(1): 29โ60.
586:
582:
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524:the original
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503:. Retrieved
496:the original
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456:Bibliography
447:Welmers 1974
442:
435:Welmers 1974
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411:Connell 2001
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106:and ⟨
88:
67:ꜜ
870:Pitch reset
780:Tone letter
775:Tone sandhi
478:: 255โ309.
222:superscript
910:Categories
859:Intonation
831:Gemination
630:2015-10-17
505:2015-10-17
375:Myers 1996
339:References
197:bleberries
169:ler in mag
165:zer was a
145:catathesis
46:IPA Number
921:Phonology
916:Phonetics
760:Downdrift
603:126264216
567:963605080
287:the river
240:release.
189:berries,
185:berries,
181:berries,
177:I bought
140:downdrift
62:(decimal)
885:Loudness
826:Chroneme
750:Downstep
745:Register
702:Syllable
547:(2017).
492:62734066
351:Yip 2002
326:See also
313:/bรก๊tษฬ/
232:⟨
149:Chichewa
120:Downstep
104:/ /
100:Help:IPA
73:Unicode
55:Encoding
22:Downstep
861:(pitch)
851:Prosody
301:/bรกtษฬ/
253:Bambara
92:in the
60:Entity
880:Rhythm
875:Stress
818:Length
808:Accent
790:Stress
755:Upstep
694:Timing
601:
565:
555:
490:
332:Upstep
157:lly be
108:
79:U+A71C
895:Pausa
624:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
599:S2CID
579:(PDF)
527:(PDF)
520:(PDF)
499:(PDF)
488:S2CID
468:(PDF)
275:river
220:is a
205:, or
175:, or
159:lieve
96:(IPA)
75:(hex)
727:Tone
707:Mora
649:Tone
563:OCLC
553:ISBN
282:/bรข/
270:/bรก/
257:Mali
211:Igbo
195:bram
187:rasp
179:blue
173:sium
128:tone
591:doi
480:doi
191:mul
183:bay
167:dea
161:Ebe
155:rea
143:or
50:517
912::
597:.
587:25
585:.
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171:ne
163:ne
153:I
137:,
38:๊โ
29:๊โ
680:e
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666:v
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569:.
508:.
482::
476:3
425:.
413:.
377:.
245:๊
234:๊
226:๊
114:.
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