1694:
4401:
517:(1800–1876). He was a famous Don Giovanni in Mozart's eponymous opera as well as being a Bellini and Donizetti specialist. Commentators praised his voice for its beauty, flexibility and smooth tonal emission, which are the hallmarks of a bel canto singer. Tamburini's range, however, was probably closer to that of a bass-baritone than to that of a modern "Verdi baritone". His French equivalent was Henri-Bernard Dabadie, who was a mainstay of the
4389:
3741:
3251:
3253:
820:, wrote Valentine's aria "Even bravest heart" for him at his request for the London production in 1864 so that the leading baritone would have an aria. A couple of primitive cylinder recordings dating from about 1900 have been attributed by collectors to the dominant French baritone of the 1860s and 1870s,
1335:, a versatile singing actor capable of vivid comic and tragic performances during the years of his prime in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. He learned more than 100 roles in his lifetime and was mostly known for his roles in Verdi and Puccini operas, including appearances as Scarpia opposite soprano
2362:
roles fall into this category. However, it is important to note that, for all intents and purposes, a Verdi
Baritone is simply a Dramatic Baritone with greater ease in the upper tessitura (Verdi Baritone roles center approximately a minor third higher). Because the Verdi Baritone is sometimes seen as
1033:
Mozart continued to be sung throughout the 19th century although, generally speaking, his operas were not revered to the same extent that they are today by music critics and audiences. Back then, baritones rather than high basses normally sang Don
Giovanni – arguably Mozart's greatest male operatic
319:
of the previous century. It led to the baritone being viewed as a separate voice category from the bass. Traditionally, basses in operas had been cast as authority figures such as a king or high priest; but with the advent of the more fluid baritone voice, the roles allotted by composers to lower
3697:, the melody line is called the lead. Tenor is sung an interval of a third above the lead. Baritone is the fifth of the scale that has the lead as a tonic, and may be sung below the lead, or even above the lead (and the tenor), in which case it is called "high baritone". Conversely, the more "
505:
is often called the first true baritone role. However, Donizetti and Verdi in their vocal writing went on to emphasize the top fifth of the baritone voice, rather than its lower notes—thus generating a more brilliant sound. Further pathways opened up when the musically complex and physically
233:
Baritones took roughly the range as it is known today at the beginning of the 18th century, but they were still lumped in with their bass colleagues until well into the 19th century. Many operatic works of the 18th century have roles marked as bass that in reality are low baritone roles (or
779:(a singing actor of the first magnitude). Lassalle, Maurel and Renaud enjoyed superlative careers on either side of the Atlantic and left a valuable legacy of recordings. Five other significant Francophone baritones who recorded, too, during the early days of the gramophone/phonograph were
828:. It is doubtful, however, that Faure (who retired in 1886) made the cylinders. However, a contemporary of Faure's, Antonio Cotogni, (1831–1918)—probably the foremost Italian baritone of his generation—can be heard, briefly and dimly, at the age of 77, on a duet recording with the tenor
687:
was invented early enough to capture on disc the voices of the top
Italian Verdi and Donizetti baritones of the last two decades of the 19th century, whose operatic performances were characterized by considerable re-creative freedom and a high degree of technical finish. They included
2357:
respectively, hence the differentiation is based more heavily on timbre and tessitura. Accordingly, roles that fall into this category tend to have a slightly lower tessitura than typical Verdi baritone roles, only rising above an F at the moments of greatest intensity. Many of the
4178:
1401:
who sang
Italian, French and German composers. An outstanding group of virile-voiced American baritones appeared then in the 1920s. The younger members of this group were still active as recently as the late 1970s. Outstanding among its members were the Met-based Verdians
1600:
Prior to World War II, Germany's
Heinrich Schlusnus, Gerhard Hüsch and Herbert Janssen were celebrated for their beautifully sung lieder recitals as well as for their mellifluous operatic performances in Verdi, Mozart, and Wagner respectively. After the war's conclusion,
1609:
appeared on the scene to take their place. In addition to his interpretations of lieder and the works of Mozart, Prey sang in
Strauss operas and tackled lighter Wagner roles such as Wolfram or Beckmesser. Fischer-Dieskau sang parts in 'fringe' operas by the likes of
2085:
1585:, made a small but precious legacy of benchmark Handel recordings during the 1920s and 1930s. (Dawson, incidentally, acquired his outstanding Handelian technique from Sir Charles Santley.) Yet another Australian baritone of distinction between the wars was
3682:, the baritone part sings in a similar range to the lead (singing the melody) however usually singing lower than the lead. A barbershop baritone has a specific and specialized role in the formation of the four-part harmony that characterizes the style.
3689:
above the bass root) and to complete a chord. On the other hand, the baritone will occasionally find himself harmonizing above the melody, which calls for a tenor-like quality. Because the baritone fills the chord, the part is often not very melodic.
2086:
1232:
In addition to their heavyweight
Wagnerian cousins, there was a plethora of baritones with more lyrical voices active in Germany and Austria during the period between the outbreak of WW1 in 1914 and the end of WW2 in 1945. Among them were
1464:
was considered to be the most versatile baritone of his generation in regards to repertoire, which ranged from Mozart to Verdi and lighter Wagner roles, through French and
Russian opera, to modern English music. Another British baritone,
1053:
The dawn of the 20th century opened up more opportunities for baritones than ever before as a taste for strenuously exciting vocalism and lurid, "slice-of-life" operatic plots took hold in Italy and spread elsewhere. The most prominent
1137:. Verdi's works continued to remain popular, however, with audiences in Italy, the Spanish-speaking countries, the United States and the United Kingdom, and in Germany, where there was a major Verdi revival in Berlin between the wars.
1114:. Ruffo was the most commanding Italian baritone of his era or, arguably, any other era. He was at his prime from the early 1900s to the early 1920s and enjoyed success in Italy, England and America (in Chicago and later at the Met).
1205:. By the 1950s, however, he was being hailed as the top Wagnerian bass-baritone in the world. His Wotan was especially praised by critics for its musicianship. Other major Wagnerian baritones have included Hotter's predecessors
1724:
3252:
665:
Among the non-Italian born baritones that were active in the third quarter of the 19th century, Tamburini's mantle as an outstanding exponent of Mozart and
Donizetti's music was probably taken up most faithfully by a Belgian,
1835:
singing, and the designation 'baryton Martin' has been used (Faure, 1886) to separate his voice from the 'Verdi
Baritone', which carried the chest register further into the upper range. This voice type shares the
2332:
The dramatic baritone is a voice that is richer, fuller, and sometimes harsher than a lyric baritone and with a darker quality. Its common range is from the G half an octave below low C to the G above middle C
229:
music. At this early stage it was frequently used as the lowest of the voices (including the bass), but in 17th-century Italy the term was all-encompassing and used to describe the average male choral voice.
810:(1834–1922). Santley made his operatic debut in Italy in 1858 and became one of Covent Garden's leading singers. He was still giving critically acclaimed concerts in London in the 1890s. The composer of
1189:
Characteristic of the Wagnerian baritones of the 20th century was a general progression of individual singers from higher-lying baritone parts to lower-pitched ones. This was the case with Germany's
1618:
as well as appearing in standard works by Verdi and Wagner. He earned his principal renown, however, as a lieder singer. Talented German and Austrian lieder singers of a younger generation include
2418:
baritone is French for "noble baritone" and describes a part that requires a noble bearing, smooth vocalisation and forceful declamation, all in perfect balance. This category originated in the
320:
male voices expanded in the direction of trusted companions or even romantic leads—normally the province of tenors. More often than not, however, baritones found themselves portraying villains.
2363:
a subset of the Dramatic Baritone, some singers perform roles from both sets of repertoire. Similarly, the lower tessitura of these roles allows them frequently to be sung by bass-baritones.
2087:
4069:
1469:, established himself internationally as a memorable Wotan and Hans Sachs. However, he had a distinguished, brighter-voiced Wagnerian rival during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s in the person of
2773:
4166:
2111:
baritone is a metallic voice that can sing both lyric and dramatic phrases, a manly, noble baritonal color. Its common range is from the A below low C to the G above middle C (A
4377:, 1997. (Discusses Renaud and many of his baritone contemporaries as well as the stylistic change in operatic singing at the turn of the 20th century.) Retrieved 4 March 2008.
1536:
are two Russian baritones of the modern era who appear regularly in the West. Like Lisitsian, they sing Verdi and the works of their native composers, including Tchaikovsky's
1229:. Demuth, van Rooy, Weil and Whitehill were at their peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries while Schorr, Bockelmann and Nissen were stars of the 1920s and 1930s.
1186:, possessed contrasting voices. (Dufranne – sometimes classed as a bass-baritone – had a darker, more powerful instrument than did Périer, who was a true baryton-Martin.)
850:
There are 19th-century references in the musical literature to certain baritone subtypes. These include the light and tenorish baryton-Martin, named after French singer
752:
4220:
3850:
4148:
674:
succeeded Dabadie as the Paris opera's best known baritone. Like Dabadie, he also sang in Italy and created an important Donizetti role: in his case, Alphonse in
1497:
1394:. He made his premiere at Glyndebourne in 1990 and went on to build an international career as Falstaff and, more generally, in the operas of Mozart and Wagner.
3946:
Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle: Français, historique, géographique, mythologique, bibliographique, littéraire, artistique, scientifique, etc., etc
2206:). A Verdi baritone refers to a voice capable of singing consistently and with ease in the highest part of the baritone range. It will generally have a lot of
1433:
Also to be found singing Verdi roles at the Met, Covent Garden and the Vienna Opera during the late 1930s and the 1940s was the big-voiced Hungarian baritone,
610:
1942:
The lyric baritone is a sweeter, milder sounding baritone voice, lacking in harshness; lighter and perhaps mellower than the dramatic baritone with a higher
1305:
1155:
4049:
1331:. Stabile also appeared in London, Chicago and Salzburg. He was noted more for his histrionic skills than for his voice, however. Stabile was followed by
2345:
system except that some Verdi baritone roles are not included. The primo passaggio and secondo passaggio of both the Verdi and dramatic baritone are at B
1513:
202:) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone,
1631:
1501:
1293:
1285:
803:, who sang in London and New York between 1891 and 1903, was the leading American male singer of this generation. He also recorded for the gramophone.
796:
4029:
1505:
1273:
1427:
4066:
2187:
The Verdi baritone is a more specialized voice category and a subset of the Dramatic Baritone. Its common range is from the G below low C to the B
1569:, Souzay's teacher, was an interpreter of Poulenc's songs in the previous generation. Older baritones identified with this style include France's
3918:
1309:
1785:
Within the baritone voice type category are seven generally recognized subcategories: baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone,
4122:
3701:" baritones have the more traditional timbre, but sing in a vocal range that is closer to the tenor vocal range. Some of these singers include
2655:
1639:
792:
302:. The basse-taille and the proper bass were commonly confused because their roles were sometimes sung by singers of either actual voice part.
2119:). Not quite as powerful as the Verdi baritone who is expected to have a powerful appearance on stage, perhaps muscular or physically large.
278:
In theatrical documents, cast lists, and journalistic dispatches that from the beginning of the 19th century till the mid 1820s, the terms
3805:
3767:
932:
became the preserve of lightweight baritone voices. They were given comic parts in the tradition of the previous century's comic bass by
4001:
3880:
1140:
Outside the field of Italian opera, an important addition to the Austro-German repertory occurred in 1905. This was the premiere of
4374:
3772:
3673:
4331:
4435:
1045:
The verismo baritone, Verdi baritone, and other subtypes are mentioned below, though not necessarily in 19th-century context.
4275:
4251:
121:
4393:
4143:
1193:. Hotter made his debut in 1929. As a young singer he appeared in Verdi and created the Commandant in Richard Strauss's
4753:
2749:
3304:). Bass-baritones are typically divided into two separate categories: lyric bass-baritone and dramatic bass-baritone.
4214:
4101:
3927:
3833:
3326:
2797:
1916:
1174:
17:
3427:
879:
1890:
1034:
creation. Famous Dons of the late 19th and early 20th centuries included Scotti and Maurel, as well as Portugal's
3983:
3905:
179:), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below
4046:
1809:
range a heavier baritone is capable of, and has a lighter, almost tenor-like quality. Its common range is from C
510:
began to enter the mainstream repertory of the world's opera houses during the second half of the 19th century.
3862:
1470:
1426:. They sang French opera, too, as did the American-born but also Paris-based baritone of the 1920s, and 1930s
946:
to a big-voiced baritone for the sake of dramatic effect. Other 19th-century French composers like Meyerbeer,
1474:
1466:
581:
3685:
The baritone singer is often the one required to support or "fill" the bass sound (typically by singing the
4743:
4026:
1831:. Associated with the rise of the baritone in the 19th century, Martin was well known for his fondness for
1582:
1482:
1397:
Perhaps the first famous American baritone appeared in the 1900s. It was the American-born but Paris-based
3061:
238:
parts in modern parlance). Examples of this are to be found, for instance, in the operas and oratorios of
4428:
3913:
3414:
3085:
2981:
2671:
2599:
1723:
1542:
1375:
1496:
to sing at the Met. Chernov followed in the footsteps of such richly endowed East European baritones as
1488:
Among the late-20th-century baritones noted throughout the opera world for their Verdi performances was
1150:, with the pivotal part of John the Baptist assigned to a baritone. (The enormous-voiced Dutch baritone
854:(1768/69–1837), and the deeper, more powerful Heldenbariton (today's bass-baritone) of Wagnerian opera.
4748:
2845:
1586:
1107:
976:
806:
The oldest-born star baritone known for sure to have made solo gramophone discs was the Englishman Sir
3718:
2909:
2901:
2679:
1759:
1253:
1234:
242:. The greatest and most enduring parts for baritones in 18th-century operatic music were composed by
184:
31:
4114:
3237:
2170:
1589:, who was based in the United Kingdom. Important British-born baritones of the 1930s and 1940s were
1010:. Russian composers included substantial baritone parts in their operas. Witness the title roles in
988:
1606:
1594:
1578:
1154:, a Wagner specialist, sang John when the opera reached the Met in 1907). Then, in 1925, Germany's
1011:
114:
3581:
3533:
3436:
3357:
3093:
2965:
2519:
2136:
1973:
1461:
1434:
885:
615:
368:
243:
4738:
4421:
3365:
2853:
2551:
1968:
1035:
780:
705:
527:
356:
248:
239:
4204:
3845:
3821:
1390:. Some considered his best role to have been Wozzeck. The next significant Welsh baritone was
951:
4317:
4301:
2885:
2735:
2719:
2559:
2372:
2038:
1094:
1016:
970:
942:
751:
Notable among their contemporaries were the cultured and technically adroit French baritones
696:) who, atypically, sang Wagner's Telramund and Amfortas not in Italian but in German, at the
332:
299:
3221:
901:
4733:
4692:
3873:
3632:
3459:
3388:
3318:
2813:
2631:
2495:
2471:
2434:
2295:
2241:
1929:
933:
899:, also at Bayreuth. Lyric German baritones sang lighter Wagnerian roles such as Wolfram in
597:
586:
522:
521:
between 1819 and 1836 and the creator of several major Rossinian baritone roles, including
463:
457:
338:
291:
4005:
3021:
534:
The most important of Tamburini's Italianate successors were all Verdians. They included:
8:
4313:
4297:
3877:
3393:
3069:
2989:
2695:
2535:
2341:). The dramatic baritone category corresponds roughly to the Heldenbariton in the German
2091:
2012:
1558:
1529:
1411:
1257:
1226:
1099:
922:
838:
833:
821:
760:
658:
362:
290:
were often used for men who would later be called baritones. These included the likes of
107:
4413:
1662:
626:, a much lauded singer in Milan, London and Saint Petersburg, the first Italian Posa in
4758:
4581:
4507:
4479:
4328:
4200:
3754:
3714:
3268:
3101:
2941:
2933:
1908:
1828:
1801:
The baryton-Martin baritone (sometimes referred to as light baritone) lacks the lower G
1754:). Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below
1650:
1379:
1367:
1245:
1214:
1126:
907:
851:
788:
727:
723:
701:
604:
513:
The major international baritone of the first half of the 19th century was the Italian
1574:
4672:
4613:
4247:
4210:
4097:
3923:
3858:
3829:
3406:
2837:
2765:
2687:
2479:
2144:
2043:
2004:
1736:
1654:
1627:
1517:
1445:
1363:
1351:
1340:
1239:
1222:
1201:
1079:
1021:
937:
913:
870:
862:
829:
697:
689:
514:
399:
345:
327:
295:
154:
95:
3466:
have at least one lead baritone character (frequently the comic principal). Notable
3352:
3262:
3037:
2917:
2805:
2781:
2607:
1981:
1074:
455:
The prolific operas of these composers, plus the works of Verdi's maturity, such as
254:
4586:
4527:
4464:
4448:
3963:
3679:
3477:
3181:
3165:
3045:
2727:
2663:
2446:
2319:
2249:
1755:
1693:
1682:
1635:
1611:
1533:
1489:
1403:
1398:
1387:
1328:
1289:
1218:
1178:
featured not one but two lead baritones at its 1902 premiere. These two baritones,
1130:
1064:
1059:
667:
570:
497:
479:
381:
180:
4405:
4267:
2527:
1769:) in choral music, and from the second A below middle C to the A above middle C (A
1554:
1261:
1000:
936:
in many of their productions. This did not prevent the French master of operetta,
917:. They made large strides, too, in the performance of art song and oratorio, with
194:) in choral music, and from the second G below middle C to the G above middle C (G
4532:
4335:
4152:
4073:
4053:
4033:
3987:
3884:
3854:
3825:
3694:
3489:
3257:
3053:
2925:
2877:
2543:
2359:
2279:
2149:
2064:
2030:
1990:
1864:
1644:
1623:
1562:
1525:
1521:
1449:
1407:
1359:
1320:
1313:
1281:
1269:
1249:
1183:
1141:
1134:
1122:
1118:
807:
741:
671:
633:
623:
592:
552:
538:
429:
260:
223:
139:
3795:, although this spelling is essentially archaic and little-used since the 1920s.
1550:
1520:(a powerful singing actor), and, during a career lasting from 1935 to 1966, the
824:(1830–1914), the creator of Posa in Verdi's original French-language version of
693:
309:
style of vocalism which arose in Italy in the early 19th century supplanted the
4646:
4618:
4522:
4456:
3706:
3511:
3419:
3344:
3331:
3173:
3117:
2893:
2821:
2615:
2567:
2423:
2162:
1921:
1674:
1653:. Well-known non-Germanic baritones of recent times have included the Italians
1615:
1457:
1423:
1419:
1297:
1277:
1206:
1169:
1151:
1146:
1089:
1069:
964:
959:
947:
918:
817:
776:
719:
638:
507:
412:
165:
2017:
1179:
768:
501:, blazed many new and rewarding performance pathways for baritones. Figaro in
4727:
4608:
4539:
4517:
4444:
3967:
3909:
3686:
3339:
3276:
3213:
3077:
2997:
2957:
2949:
2175:
2069:
2056:
1895:
1882:
1869:
1709:
1670:
1666:
1566:
1453:
1441:
1371:
1355:
1301:
1265:
955:
812:
800:
756:
547:
404:
392:
235:
59:
1746:. The baritone vocal range is usually between the second G below middle C (G
1058:
baritones included such major singers in Europe and America as the polished
832:. (Cotogni and Marconi had sung together in the first London performance of
744:, among others. In 1893, he created the part of Ford in Verdi's last opera,
4712:
4636:
4576:
4559:
4089:
3901:
3746:
3710:
3702:
3519:
3503:
3374:
3205:
3109:
2829:
2647:
2639:
2583:
2440:
2225:
2131:
1999:
1602:
1590:
1493:
1478:
1415:
1336:
1210:
1039:
709:
644:
447:
350:
266:
80:
3934:. This work is the main reference for the history section of this article.
3157:
3005:
2025:
1557:
have been notable. Souzay's repertoire extended from the Baroque works of
1473:
of America. Other notable post-War Wagnerian baritones have been Canada's
1006:
784:
4707:
4662:
4591:
4497:
4474:
3722:
3463:
3401:
2869:
2789:
2757:
2575:
2419:
2263:
2157:
2100:
1732:
1678:
1440:
The leading Verdi baritones of the 1970s and 1980s were probably Italy's
1391:
1195:
1190:
1111:
1026:
737:
676:
564:
525:. Dabadie sang in Italy, too, where he originated the role of Belcore in
518:
441:
374:
315:
150:
146:
4400:
1619:
1264:. Their abundant inter-war Italian counterparts included, among others,
4687:
4677:
4489:
3698:
3553:
3189:
3141:
2311:
1903:
1743:
1570:
1347:
1332:
1159:
874:
866:
684:
469:
386:
161:
40:
3980:
1319:
One of the best known Italian Verdi baritones of the 1920s and 1930s,
732:
726:
from Europe in 1899 and remained on the roster of singers until 1933.
4697:
4682:
4598:
4564:
4544:
4512:
3726:
3619:
3484:
3197:
3133:
3013:
2703:
2591:
2303:
1943:
1839:
1706:
1658:
962:
wrote attractive parts for baritones, too. These included Nelusko in
714:
558:
435:
306:
226:
64:
3281:
The bass-baritone range extends from the F below low C to the F or F
4641:
4554:
4469:
4359:(Francis Keeping and Roberta Prada, translators), Vox Mentor, 2005.
3561:
3467:
3445:
3125:
2774:
The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya
2503:
1832:
1383:
1324:
1110:, whose voice was exceeded in size only by that of the lion-voiced
929:
895:
890:
310:
1634:(which are also performing or have performed regularly in opera),
4502:
3313:
3229:
3029:
2487:
2287:
2207:
1593:, who sang Italian and English operatic roles, and the Mozartian
1164:
1055:
842:
in 1883, performing the roles of Barnaba and Enzo respectively.)
620:, whose singing at La Scala during the 1870s was praised by Verdi
417:
323:
The principal composers of bel canto opera are considered to be:
164:. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the
143:
54:
4702:
4388:
3908:; Harris, Ellen T.; Waldman, Gerald (2001). "Baritone (i)". In
2861:
2711:
2623:
2428:
2399:
2390:
2271:
2233:
2051:
1877:
1103:
982:
921:
favouring several baritones for his vocal music, in particular
575:
491:
423:
30:
This article is about the male voice type. For other uses, see
755:(hailed as the most accomplished baritone of his generation),
4571:
3149:
2973:
2381:
1740:
1084:
994:
692:(known as the "King of Baritones"), Giuseppe Kaschmann (born
652:
and for whom Verdi considered writing the (unrealized) opera
158:
85:
4371:
Maurice Renaud: The Complete Gramophone Recordings 1901–1908
3948:. Bavarian State Library: Larousse & Boyer. p. 289.
3740:
771:(the first Posa in the revised, Italian-language version of
4667:
4548:
3844:
Knapp, Raymond; Morris, Mitchell; Wolf. Stacy (eds.) (2011)
3760:
2511:
2217:
1823:
670:, who later settled in Russia and taught voice. In France,
485:
4364:
Bravo – The World's Great Male Singers Discuss Their Roles
1712:(left) and on the piano keyboard in green with middle C (C
740:, reveling in comic opera roles by Rossini, Donizetti and
4443:
4077:
1312:(the Chilean-born younger brother of Renato Zanelli) and
3899:
1855:
respectively), and hence could be trained as a tenor.
1370:. Another of Gobbi's contemporaries was the Welshman
974:(a role also sung by basses), the Priest of Dagon in
3736:
759:(the creator of Verdi's Iago, Falstaff and Tonio in
4209:(Second ed.). St Martin's Press. p. 148.
4199:
4067:"Talk Like An Opera Geek: Breaking Down Baritones"
1821:). Generally seen only in French repertoire, this
1020:(which received its first production in 1879) and
4112:
1168:. In a separate development, the French composer
4725:
661:, who sang Verdi to acclaim in the United States
218:The first use of the term "baritone" emerged as
4206:The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
3919:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3382:Dramatic bass-baritone roles in opera include:
1549:In the realm of French song, the bass-baritone
4355:, Heugel, published in English translation as
1780:
736:baritone in the period between about 1880 and
584:, who was the original Don Carlo di Vargas in
222:, late in the 15th century, usually in French
4429:
115:
4244:The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults
3667:
3641:Sir Ruthven Murgatroyd (as Robin Oakapple),
3307:Lyric bass-baritone roles in opera include:
1958:). It is typically assigned to comic roles.
1512:singer nicknamed the "Russian Battistini"),
968:(Meyerbeer's last opera), Mephistopheles in
3847:The Oxford Handbook of The American Musical
3806:voice classification in non-classical music
3768:Voice classification in non-classical music
1406:(a compelling, rich-voiced singing actor),
1323:, sang Iago and Rigoletto and Falstaff (at
174:
168:
4436:
4422:
4027:History of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden
3764:, the German system for classifying voices
1847:with the Dramatic Tenor and Heldentenor (C
799:of the Opéra-Comique. The Quaker baritone
122:
108:
4164:
3818:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia
4241:
4235:
3943:
3773:List of baritones in non-classical music
3674:List of baritones in non-classical music
3249:
2083:
1946:. Its common range is from the A below C
1692:
1597:. Both appeared often at Covent Garden.
541:, who created the title role in Verdi's
3453:
1300:(who switched to tenor roles in 1924),
940:, from assigning the villain's role in
14:
4726:
4165:Seesholtz, John Clayton (1 May 2012).
4002:"Franz Peter Schubert: Master of Song"
2656:The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat
893:, while Reichmann created Amfortas in
630:and later a great vocal pedagogue, too
4417:
4115:"Understanding Voice Types: Baritone"
3895:
3893:
1789:, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone,
206:, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone,
4353:La voix et le chant: traité pratique
4268:"David Ruffin | Classic Motown"
1516:(known as the "Polish Battistini"),
4047:Bryn Terfel's Biographical Timeline
3857:, p. 322. Oxford University Press.
2458:). Similar to the Kavalierbariton.
1158:created the title baritone role in
648:, Germont in the second version of
24:
4345:
4278:from the original on 7 August 2020
4223:from the original on 12 April 2024
4181:from the original on 12 April 2024
4167:"The origin of the Verdi baritone"
4113:Rebecca Armstrong (14 July 2021).
3890:
2366:Dramatic baritone roles in opera:
2077:
1827:was named after the French singer
1561:to 20th-century composers such as
1460:. At the same time, Britain's Sir
712:(chosen to be the first Silvio in
27:Type of classical male vocal range
25:
4770:
4381:
4329:Stars mourn Four Tops star Stubbs
2210:. Verdi baritone roles in opera:
1796:
1793:baritone, and the bass-baritone.
1735:of the baritone lies between the
1117:The chief verismo composers were
1102:(noted for his richly attractive
883:and undertook Wotan in the first
573:, the originator of Don Carlo in
550:, who created the title roles in
246:. They include Count Almaviva in
210:baritone, and the bass-baritone.
4399:
4387:
4125:from the original on 26 May 2023
3999:
3739:
3245:
2407:
1374:, who famously sang Falstaff at
636:, creator of Verdi's Gusmano in
4322:
4306:
4290:
4260:
4193:
4158:
4137:
4106:
4083:
4059:
4039:
4020:
3993:
3960:The Grove Book of Opera Singers
3878:Practica musicae, liber tertius
2094:singing Giorgio Germont's aria
1961:Lyric baritone roles in opera:
1858:Baryton-Martin roles in opera:
1500:(a favorite of Tchaikovski's),
1316:, who retired as late as 1958.
1048:
607:, who was London's first Renato
273:
4094:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
3973:
3952:
3937:
3867:
3838:
3811:
3798:
3785:
3428:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
1758:to the F above middle C (i.e.
1719:
1688:
1492:, who emerged from the former
1481:and, more recently, America's
1172:'s post-Wagnerian masterpiece
857:Perhaps the most accomplished
601:and the first Simon Boccanegra
183:to the F above middle C (i.e.
13:
1:
4404:The dictionary definition of
4369:Bruder, Harold, liner notes,
4312:Stephen Thomas Erlewine.
4296:Stephen Thomas Erlewine.
3778:
1750:) and the G above middle C (G
1346:Gobbi's competitors included
4351:Faure, Jean-Baptiste (1886)
4338:, BBC News, 28 October 2008.
4314:Michael McDonald – Biography
2422:, but it greatly influenced
7:
3922:(2nd ed.). Macmillan.
3732:
3635:(Lieutenant of the Tower),
2327:
1781:Subtypes and roles in opera
1673:and the versatile American
845:
595:, the creator of Renato in
10:
4775:
3970:, entry "Coletti, Filippo"
3671:
3274:
2750:The Merry Wives of Windsor
2096:Di provenza il mar il suol
1950:to the G above middle C (A
1891:L'enfant et les sortilèges
1813:to the B above middle C (C
1456:and the Romanian baritone
1108:Domenico Viglione Borghese
213:
29:
4754:Italian opera terminology
4655:
4629:
4488:
4455:
4151:23 September 2015 at the
4052:18 September 2006 at the
3944:Larousse, Pierre (1865).
3668:Baritone in popular music
3091:Prince Nikita Kurlyatev,
2910:Orpheus in the Underworld
2902:Orpheus in the Underworld
1378:and created the roles of
1254:Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender
730:was the standout Italian
169:
32:Baritone (disambiguation)
4445:Musical range or compass
4362:Matheopoulos, H. (1989)
4334:18 February 2009 at the
4242:McKinney, James (1994).
4036:. Retrieved 4 March 2008
3617:Sir Despard Murgatroyd,
3509:The Duke of Plaza-Toro,
3219:Wolfram von Eschenbach,
2955:Le Comte de Saint-Bris,
2763:Friedrich of Telramund,
2182:
1937:
1607:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
1062:(the first Sharpless in
4246:. Genovex Music Group.
3661:The Yeomen of the Guard
3655:The Pirates of Penzance
3637:The Yeomen of the Guard
3595:The Pirates of Penzance
3582:The Pirates of Penzance
3579:Major-General Stanley,
3539:John Wellington Wells,
3534:The Yeomen of the Guard
3437:Der Ring des Nibelungen
1716:) shown by a black dot.
1697:Baritone vocal range (G
1553:and the lighter-voiced
1435:Sandor (Alexander) Sved
1121:, Ruggero Leoncavallo,
886:Der Ring des Nibelungen
787:of the Paris Opera and
244:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4366:, Victor Gollancz Ltd.
4056:, accessed 28 May 2006
3990:, accessed 28 May 2006
3981:Music Dictionary Vm-Vz
3366:The Marriage of Figaro
3272:
3238:Les pêcheurs de perles
2995:Lord Guglielmo Cecil,
2854:The Ballad of Baby Doe
2843:High Priest of Dagon,
2680:A View from the Bridge
2450:) and Wagner as well (
2171:Les pêcheurs de perles
2104:
1969:The Marriage of Figaro
1717:
1581:. Another Australian,
1366:, Cesare Bardelli and
1082:(the first Scarpia in
989:Les pêcheurs de perles
706:Antonio Magini-Coletti
562:as well as Germont in
249:The Marriage of Figaro
240:George Frideric Handel
175:
4357:The Voice and Singing
4298:Tom Jones – Biography
4096:, 2nd edition, 1992.
4045:Deutsche Grammophon,
3853:12 April 2024 at the
3755:Category of baritones
3567:The Lord Chancellor,
3475:Archibald Grosvenor,
3256:
2886:La fanciulla del West
2736:The Barber of Seville
2629:Don Carlo di Vargas,
2373:La fanciulla del West
2239:Don Carlo di Vargas,
2090:
2039:The Barber of Seville
1777:) in operatic music.
1696:
1504:(an Everardi pupil),
1498:Ippolit Pryanishnikov
1327:) under the baton of
1095:La fanciulla del West
1072:(the first Gerard in
971:La damnation de Faust
943:The Tales of Hoffmann
861:of Wagner's day were
333:The Barber of Seville
300:Henri-Bernard Dabadie
4396:at Wikimedia Commons
3986:14 June 2006 at the
3633:Richard Cholmondeley
3611:Reginald Bunthorne,
3460:Gilbert and Sullivan
3454:Gilbert and Sullivan
3327:Pelléas et Mélisande
3187:Sir Riccardo Forth,
2947:Le Comte de Nevers,
2867:Igor Svyatoslavich,
2798:Pelléas et Mélisande
2661:Duke of Nottingham,
2632:La forza del destino
2605:Count von Eberbach,
2496:Cavalleria rusticana
2464:roles in opera are:
2435:La forza del destino
2296:Un ballo in maschera
2242:La forza del destino
1917:Pelléas et Mélisande
1888:L'horloge comtoise,
1175:Pelléas et Mélisande
1092:(the first Rance in
934:Gilbert and Sullivan
611:Francesco Pandolfini
598:Un ballo in maschera
587:La forza del destino
506:demanding operas of
464:La forza del destino
458:Un ballo in maschera
4744:Musical terminology
4155:, aria-database.com
3625:Sir Joseph Porter,
3525:Giuseppe Palmieri,
3415:The Flying Dutchman
3086:The Queen of Spades
3075:Prince Vyazminsky,
3070:The Golden Cockerel
2982:The Maid of Orleans
2696:Lucia di Lammermoor
2672:The Maid of Orleans
2600:The Queen of Spades
2092:Riccardo Stracciari
1681:and the Englishman
1559:Jean-Baptiste Lully
1543:The Queen of Spades
1530:Dmitri Hvorostovsky
1412:John Charles Thomas
1306:Giovanni Inghilleri
1258:Karl Schmitt-Walter
1227:Hans-Hermann Nissen
1100:Riccardo Stracciari
1036:Francisco D'Andrade
952:Camille Saint-Saëns
928:Nineteenth-century
923:Johann Michael Vogl
834:Amilcare Ponchielli
822:Jean-Baptiste Faure
659:Giuseppe Del Puente
363:Lucia di Lammermoor
4693:Organ registration
4582:Tenore contraltino
4394:Baritone vocalists
4272:classic.motown.com
4201:The New York Times
4171:Journal of Singing
4080:, 14 December 2011
4072:7 May 2015 at the
4032:2007-12-12 at the
4008:on 8 February 2008
3979:Dolmetsch Online,
3883:2006-06-09 at the
3874:Franchino Gaffurio
3659:Wilfred Shadbolt.
3587:Major Murgatroyd,
3559:Lord Mountararat,
3495:Captain Corcoran,
3273:
3269:Le nozze di Figaro
3102:Il turco in Italia
2942:Tristan und Isolde
2934:The Bartered Bride
2846:Samson and Delilah
2835:Herr von Faninal,
2541:Baron Mirko Zeta,
2517:Ascanio Petrucci,
2317:Simon Boccanegra,
2105:
1829:Jean-Blaise Martin
1718:
1651:Christian Gerhaher
1368:Giangiacomo Guelfi
1246:Heinrich Schlusnus
1215:Clarence Whitehill
1209:, Anton van Rooy,
1127:Alberto Franchetti
977:Samson and Delilah
908:Tristan und Isolde
852:Jean-Blaise Martin
789:Gabriel Soulacroix
728:Antonio Pini-Corsi
702:Giuseppe Campanari
605:Enrico Delle Sedie
582:Francesco Graziani
4749:Opera terminology
4721:
4720:
4392:Media related to
4253:978-1-56593-940-0
4000:Moss, Charles K.
3906:Forbes, Elizabeth
3593:The Pirate King,
3287:above middle C (F
3254:
3083:Prince Yeletsky,
3062:Hänsel und Gretel
3022:Roméo et Juliette
2838:Der Rosenkavalier
2787:Giorgio Germont,
2688:The Immortal Hour
2589:Count Monterone,
2193:above middle C (G
2155:Giorgio Germont,
2088:
1930:L'heure espagnole
1845:secondo passaggio
1729:
1728:
1705:) notated on the
1677:, his compatriot
1655:Giorgio Zancanaro
1628:Wolfgang Holzmair
1518:Georges Baklanoff
1514:Waclaw Brzezinski
1446:Piero Cappuccilli
1364:Ettore Bastianini
1352:Giuseppe Valdengo
1223:Rudolf Bockelmann
1080:Eugenio Giraldoni
1022:Alexander Borodin
1012:Peter Tchaikovsky
938:Jacques Offenbach
880:Die Meistersinger
871:Theodor Reichmann
863:August Kindermann
830:Francesco Marconi
781:Léon Melchissédec
698:Bayreuth Festival
690:Mattia Battistini
515:Antonio Tamburini
400:Giacomo Meyerbeer
346:Gaetano Donizetti
328:Gioachino Rossini
296:Giovanni Inchindi
153:lies between the
132:
131:
18:Dramatic baritone
16:(Redirected from
4766:
4656:Related articles
4587:Tenore di grazia
4438:
4431:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4403:
4391:
4339:
4326:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4162:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4110:
4104:
4087:
4081:
4063:
4057:
4043:
4037:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4004:. Archived from
3997:
3991:
3977:
3971:
3964:Harold Rosenthal
3958:Laura Macy, ed.
3956:
3950:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3897:
3888:
3871:
3865:
3842:
3836:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3719:Michael McDonald
3680:barbershop music
3337:Méphistophélès,
3300:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3255:
3182:Simon Boccanegra
3166:Madama Butterfly
3046:Simon Boccanegra
2811:Guglielmo Tell,
2771:Fyodor Poyarok,
2755:Francisco Goya,
2664:Roberto Devereux
2552:L'elisir d'amore
2447:Simon Boccanegra
2438:; Count Luna in
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2320:Simon Boccanegra
2202:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2125:roles in opera:
2089:
1966:Count Almaviva,
1720:
1683:Simon Keenlyside
1665:, the Canadians
1663:François le Roux
1661:, the Frenchman
1648:
1636:Thomas Quasthoff
1632:Johannes Sterkel
1612:Ferruccio Busoni
1577:and Australia's
1534:Sergei Leiferkus
1508:(an exceptional
1502:Joachim Tartakov
1490:Vladimir Chernov
1404:Lawrence Tibbett
1399:Charles W. Clark
1388:Benjamin Britten
1329:Arturo Toscanini
1294:Benvenuto Franci
1290:Apollo Granforte
1286:Luigi Montesanto
1243:
1219:Friedrich Schorr
1156:Leo Schützendorf
1131:Umberto Giordano
1065:Madama Butterfly
1060:Giuseppe De Luca
911:or Telramund in
797:Charles Gilibert
668:Camille Everardi
619:
571:Antonio Superchi
528:L'elisir d'amore
480:Simon Boccanegra
382:Vincenzo Bellini
357:L'elisir d'amore
264:and the lead in
178:
172:
171:
124:
117:
110:
37:
36:
21:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4651:
4625:
4533:Soprano sfogato
4484:
4451:
4442:
4384:
4375:Marston Records
4348:
4346:Further reading
4343:
4342:
4336:Wayback Machine
4327:
4323:
4311:
4307:
4295:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4217:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4163:
4159:
4153:Wayback Machine
4145:The Tender Land
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4111:
4107:
4092:and Ewan West,
4088:
4084:
4074:Wayback Machine
4064:
4060:
4054:Wayback Machine
4044:
4040:
4034:Wayback Machine
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
3998:
3994:
3988:Wayback Machine
3978:
3974:
3957:
3953:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3898:
3891:
3885:Wayback Machine
3872:
3868:
3855:Wayback Machine
3843:
3839:
3828:(2000) p. 142.
3826:Merriam-Webster
3816:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3745:
3738:
3735:
3695:bluegrass music
3676:
3670:
3665:
3627:H.M.S. Pinafore
3497:H.M.S. Pinafore
3490:H.M.S. Pinafore
3456:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3258:Renato Capecchi
3250:
3248:
3243:
3115:Richard Nixon,
3094:The Enchantress
3054:The Magic Flute
3043:Paolo Albiani,
2987:Lord Cockburn,
2717:Eugene Onegin,
2693:Enrico Ashton,
2677:Eddie Carbone,
2645:Dr. Malatesta,
2581:Count di Luna,
2557:Boris Godunov,
2544:The Merry Widow
2520:Lucrezia Borgia
2412:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2223:Conte di Luna,
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2123:Kavalierbariton
2118:
2114:
2109:Kavalierbariton
2084:
2082:
2079:Kavalierbariton
2075:
2065:The Tender Land
1991:The Magic Flute
1957:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1865:Dido and Aeneas
1854:
1850:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1787:Kavalierbariton
1783:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1753:
1749:
1725:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1642:
1624:Matthias Goerne
1587:Harold Williams
1575:Charles Panzéra
1563:Francis Poulenc
1526:Pavel Lisitsian
1506:Oskar Kamionsky
1450:Sherrill Milnes
1408:Richard Bonelli
1360:Giuseppe Taddei
1321:Mariano Stabile
1314:Carlo Tagliabue
1282:Cesare Formichi
1274:Enrico Molinari
1270:Giuseppe Danise
1250:Herbert Janssen
1237:
1199:and Olivier in
1184:Hector Dufranne
1142:Richard Strauss
1135:Francesco Cilea
1123:Pietro Mascagni
1119:Giacomo Puccini
1051:
980:, Escamillo in
873:. Betz created
848:
808:Charles Santley
672:Paul Barroilhet
642:, Francesco in
634:Filippo Coletti
624:Antonio Cotogni
613:
593:Leone Giraldoni
539:Giorgio Ronconi
369:Lucrezia Borgia
284:basse chantante
276:
261:The Magic Flute
252:, Guglielmo in
216:
204:Kavalierbariton
201:
197:
193:
188:
128:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4619:Basso profondo
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4557:
4552:
4542:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4457:Vocal register
4453:
4452:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4397:
4383:
4382:External links
4380:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4360:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4321:
4305:
4289:
4259:
4252:
4234:
4215:
4192:
4177:(5): 521–526.
4157:
4136:
4105:
4082:
4065:Tom Huizenga,
4058:
4038:
4019:
3992:
3972:
3951:
3936:
3928:
3910:Sadie, Stanley
3900:Jander, Owen;
3889:
3866:
3837:
3810:
3797:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3734:
3731:
3707:Wilson Pickett
3672:Main article:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3577:
3575:The Gondoliers
3571:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3529:
3527:The Gondoliers
3523:
3515:
3512:The Gondoliers
3507:
3499:
3493:
3483:Bill Bobstay (
3481:
3472:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3353:Così fan tutte
3348:
3335:
3322:
3301:
3292:
3288:
3275:Main article:
3263:Non più andrai
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3118:Nixon in China
3113:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3067:Prince Afron,
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3038:Der Freischütz
3033:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2918:Der Freischütz
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2851:Horace Tabor,
2849:
2841:
2833:
2827:Hans Heiling,
2825:
2817:
2809:
2806:Così fan tutte
2801:
2793:
2785:
2782:Andrea Chénier
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2637:Don Giovanni,
2635:
2627:
2619:
2616:La Cenerentola
2611:
2608:Der Wildschütz
2603:
2597:Count Tomsky,
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2568:Nixon in China
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2466:
2426:(Don Carlo in
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2166:
2153:
2140:
2129:Don Giovanni,
2116:
2112:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2047:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1986:
1982:Così fan tutte
1977:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1852:
1848:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Baryton-Martin
1795:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1747:
1727:
1726:
1713:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1687:
1675:Thomas Hampson
1616:Paul Hindemith
1471:Thomas Stewart
1458:Nicolae Herlea
1428:Arthur Endreze
1424:Robert Merrill
1420:Leonard Warren
1298:Renato Zanelli
1278:Umberto Urbano
1235:Joseph Schwarz
1207:Leopold Demuth
1170:Claude Debussy
1152:Anton van Rooy
1090:Pasquale Amato
1075:Andrea Chénier
1070:Mario Sammarco
1050:
1047:
998:, Athanael in
960:Jules Massenet
948:Hector Berlioz
919:Franz Schubert
905:, Kurwenal in
859:Heldenbaritons
847:
844:
818:Charles Gounod
777:Maurice Renaud
722:, who came to
720:Antonio Scotti
700:in the 1890s;
663:
662:
656:
631:
621:
608:
602:
590:
579:
568:
545:
523:Guillaume Tell
508:Richard Wagner
477:, the revised
453:
452:
413:Giuseppe Verdi
409:
397:
379:
343:
275:
272:
258:, Papageno in
255:Così fan tutte
215:
212:
199:
195:
191:
186:
130:
129:
127:
126:
119:
112:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
75:
74:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4771:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Pitch (music)
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Bass-baritone
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Mezzo-soprano
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4410:at Wiktionary
4409:
4408:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4222:
4218:
4216:9780312376598
4212:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4124:
4120:
4119:Opera For All
4116:
4109:
4103:
4102:0-19-869164-5
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3969:
3968:Julian Budden
3965:
3961:
3955:
3947:
3940:
3931:
3929:0-333-60800-3
3925:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3914:Tyrrell, John
3911:
3907:
3903:
3902:Steane, J. B.
3896:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3835:
3834:0-87779-017-5
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3350:Don Alfonso,
3349:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3311:Don Pizarro,
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3278:
3277:Bass-baritone
3271:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3246:Bass-baritone
3240:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:The Oprichnik
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2998:Maria Stuarda
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:Manon Lescaut
2962:
2960:
2959:
2958:Les Huguenots
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:Les Huguenots
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:Ivan Mazepa,
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2720:Eugene Onegin
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:Chou En-lai,
2564:
2562:
2561:
2560:Boris Godunov
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2462:Baryton-noble
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:baryton-noble
2410:
2409:Baryton-noble
2402:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2344:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:Dr Malatesta
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1794:
1792:
1791:baryton-noble
1788:
1778:
1764:
1757:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:James Westman
1668:
1667:Gerald Finley
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1595:Roy Henderson
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:John Brownlee
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:Pierre Bernac
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:Gérard Souzay
1552:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:Eugene Onegin
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:George London
1472:
1468:
1467:Norman Bailey
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:Ingvar Wixell
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Renato Bruson
1438:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Geraint Evans
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Paolo Silveri
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1341:Covent Garden
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:Carlo Morelli
1307:
1303:
1302:Mario Basiola
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:Carlo Galeffi
1263:
1262:Gerhard Hüsch
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:'s harrowing
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:and Sweden's
1037:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:Eugene Onegin
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:and Herod in
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
992:, Lescaut in
991:
990:
985:
984:
979:
978:
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:Georges Bizet
953:
949:
945:
944:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
915:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:
892:
888:
887:
882:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
843:
841:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:
809:
804:
802:
801:David Bispham
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Victor Maurel
754:
753:Jean Lassalle
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
683:Luckily, the
681:
679:
678:
673:
669:
660:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
640:
635:
632:
629:
625:
622:
617:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:
594:
591:
589:
588:
583:
580:
578:
577:
572:
569:
567:
566:
561:
560:
555:
554:
549:
548:Felice Varesi
546:
544:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
530:
529:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
504:
500:
499:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
481:
476:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
459:
450:
449:
444:
443:
438:
437:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
410:
407:
406:
405:Les Huguenots
401:
398:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
380:
377:
376:
371:
370:
365:
364:
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
344:
341:
340:
335:
334:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
318:
317:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:Filippo Galli
289:
285:
281:
271:
269:
268:
263:
262:
257:
256:
251:
250:
245:
241:
237:
236:bass-baritone
231:
228:
225:
221:
211:
209:
208:baryton-noble
205:
189:
182:
177:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:is a type of
137:
125:
120:
118:
113:
111:
106:
105:
103:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
71:
66:
63:
61:
60:Mezzo-soprano
58:
56:
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4713:Vocal weight
4603:
4577:Haute-contre
4560:Countertenor
4406:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4324:
4308:
4292:
4280:. Retrieved
4271:
4262:
4243:
4237:
4225:. Retrieved
4205:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4174:
4170:
4160:
4144:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4118:
4108:
4093:
4090:John Warrack
4085:
4061:
4041:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:the original
3995:
3975:
3959:
3954:
3945:
3939:
3917:
3869:
3846:
3840:
3817:
3813:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3759:
3747:Opera portal
3711:Otis Redding
3703:David Ruffin
3692:
3684:
3677:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3626:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3547:Princess Ida
3546:
3541:The Sorcerer
3540:
3532:
3531:Jack Point,
3526:
3520:Princess Ida
3518:
3510:
3504:The Sorcerer
3502:
3496:
3488:
3476:
3464:Savoy operas
3457:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3425:Hans Sachs,
3413:
3400:
3394:Rachmaninoff
3387:
3381:
3375:Don Giovanni
3373:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3312:
3306:
3280:
3267:
3261:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3206:Le comte Ory
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3110:Le comte Ory
3108:
3100:
3099:Prosdocimo,
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2883:Jack Rance,
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2830:Hans Heiling
2828:
2820:
2814:William Tell
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2648:Don Pasquale
2646:
2640:Don Giovanni
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2584:Il trovatore
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2441:Il trovatore
2439:
2433:
2427:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2370:Jack Rance,
2365:
2342:
2331:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2226:Il trovatore
2224:
2216:
2186:
2169:
2156:
2143:
2132:Don Giovanni
2130:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2078:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2011:
2000:Don Pasquale
1998:
1989:
1980:
1967:
1960:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1857:
1844:
1837:
1822:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1730:
1640:Stephan Genz
1603:Hermann Prey
1599:
1591:Dennis Noble
1583:Peter Dawson
1551:José van Dam
1548:
1541:
1537:
1509:
1487:
1483:James Morris
1479:Hermann Uhde
1477:, Germany's
1462:Thomas Allen
1448:, America's
1439:
1432:
1416:Robert Weede
1396:
1386:in works by
1376:Glyndebourne
1345:
1339:as Tosca at
1337:Maria Callas
1318:
1231:
1211:Hermann Weil
1200:
1194:
1188:
1173:
1163:
1145:
1139:
1116:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1052:
1049:20th century
1044:
1040:John Forsell
1032:
1025:
1015:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
941:
927:
912:
906:
900:
894:
884:
878:
858:
856:
849:
837:
825:
811:
805:
793:Henry Albers
772:
764:
750:
745:
731:
713:
710:Mario Ancona
694:Josip Kašman
682:
675:
664:
653:
649:
645:I masnadieri
643:
637:
627:
596:
585:
574:
563:
557:
551:
542:
533:
526:
512:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
474:
468:
462:
456:
454:
448:Il trovatore
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
403:
391:
385:
373:
367:
361:
355:
351:Don Pasquale
349:
339:William Tell
337:
331:
322:
314:
304:
288:basse-taille
287:
283:
279:
277:
274:19th century
267:Don Giovanni
265:
259:
253:
247:
232:
219:
217:
207:
203:
135:
133:
90:
81:Countertenor
4734:Voice types
4708:Vocal range
4663:Chest voice
4592:Heldentenor
4498:Boy soprano
3723:Levi Stubbs
3599:Pish-Tush,
3545:King Gama,
3470:roles are:
3402:Prince Igor
3372:Leporello,
3171:Sherasmin,
3163:Sharpless,
3155:Schaunard,
3131:Rigoletto,
2990:Fra Diavolo
2899:John Styx,
2891:Jochanaan,
2870:Prince Igor
2803:Guglielmo,
2790:La traviata
2758:Facing Goya
2709:Escamillo,
2621:Don Carlo,
2576:Les Troyens
2536:La Gioconda
2420:Paris Opera
2397:Escamillo,
2301:Rigoletto,
2264:La traviata
2231:Don Carlo,
2158:La traviata
2101:La traviata
2013:The Tempest
1979:Guglielmo,
1744:voice types
1733:vocal range
1689:Vocal range
1679:Nathan Gunn
1643: [
1452:, Sweden's
1392:Bryn Terfel
1238: [
1196:Friedenstag
1191:Hans Hotter
1180:Jean Périer
1112:Titta Ruffo
1027:Prince Igor
986:, Zurga in
965:L'Africaine
839:La Gioconda
769:Paul Lhérie
761:Leoncavallo
738:World War I
680:(in 1840).
677:La favorite
650:La traviata
614: [
565:La traviata
519:Paris Opera
503:Il barbiere
442:La traviata
375:La favorite
316:opera seria
313:-dominated
280:primo basso
162:voice-types
151:vocal range
4728:Categories
4688:Pedal tone
4678:Head voice
4508:Coloratura
4490:Voice type
4227:30 October
4129:28 January
3863:0199874727
3822:"Baritone"
3779:References
3647:Strephon,
3607:The Mikado
3605:Pooh-Bah,
3601:The Mikado
3554:The Mikado
3501:Dr. Daly,
3487:'s Mate),
3443:Amfortas,
3412:Dutchman,
3222:Tannhäuser
3211:Valentin,
3190:I puritani
3142:Don Carlos
3139:Rodrigue,
3123:Ruggiero,
3107:Raimbaud,
3051:Papageno,
3019:Mercutio,
3003:Marcello,
2939:Kurwenal,
2923:Kochubey,
2725:Falstaff,
2685:Eochaidh,
2525:Athanaël,
2509:Amonasro,
2501:Amfortas,
2477:Alberich,
2312:Don Carlos
2247:Falstaff,
2215:Amonasro,
2150:R. Strauss
2023:Marcello,
2010:Prospero,
1988:Papageno,
1909:Monteverdi
1875:Dancaїre,
1571:Dinh Gilly
1348:Gino Bechi
1333:Tito Gobbi
1160:Alban Berg
902:Tannhäuser
875:Hans Sachs
867:Franz Betz
826:Don Carlos
773:Don Carlos
685:gramophone
628:Don Carlos
470:Don Carlos
411:the young
387:I puritani
227:polyphonic
220:baritonans
41:Voice type
4759:Baritones
4698:Tessitura
4683:Passaggio
4673:Extension
4599:Baritenor
4565:Sopranist
4545:Contralto
4513:Soubrette
4480:Vocal fry
3727:Four Tops
3715:Tom Jones
3643:Ruddigore
3620:Ruddigore
3517:Florian,
3485:Boatswain
3319:Beethoven
3227:Wozzeck,
3198:Pagliacci
3158:La bohème
3147:Scarpia,
3134:Rigoletto
3035:Ottokar,
3027:Nabucco,
3014:Rigoletto
3011:Marullo,
3006:La bohème
2971:Lescaut,
2963:Lescaut,
2931:Krušina,
2907:Jupiter,
2766:Lohengrin
2704:Il pirata
2701:Ernesto,
2613:Dandini,
2592:Rigoletto
2573:Chorèbe,
2549:Belcore,
2533:Barnaba,
2480:Siegfried
2385:(Puccini)
2379:Scarpia,
2376:(Puccini)
2309:Rodrigo,
2304:Rigoletto
2285:Nabucco,
2277:Macbeth,
2261:Germont,
2145:Capriccio
2049:Morales,
2026:La bohème
2005:Donizetti
1944:tessitura
1914:Pelléas,
1840:passaggio
1659:Leo Nucci
1510:bel canto
1380:Mr. Flint
1202:Capriccio
1007:Hérodiade
930:operettas
914:Lohengrin
889:cycle at
785:Jean Noté
765:Pagliacci
715:Pagliacci
559:Rigoletto
531:in 1832.
475:Don Carlo
436:Rigoletto
307:bel canto
176:barýtonos
170:βαρύτονος
140:classical
65:Contralto
4642:Sub-bass
4604:Baritone
4555:Castrato
4528:Dramatic
4470:Falsetto
4449:register
4407:Baritone
4332:Archived
4318:AllMusic
4302:AllMusic
4282:10 April
4276:Archived
4221:Archived
4203:(2007).
4179:Archived
4149:Archived
4123:Archived
4070:Archived
4050:Archived
4030:Archived
3984:Archived
3916:(eds.).
3881:Archived
3851:Archived
3804:Compare
3793:barytone
3733:See also
3653:Samuel,
3649:Iolanthe
3613:Patience
3589:Patience
3569:Iolanthe
3562:Iolanthe
3478:Patience
3468:operetta
3449:(Wagner)
3446:Parsifal
3440:(Wagner)
3431:(Wagner)
3378:(Mozart)
3369:(Mozart)
3363:Figaro,
3324:Golaud,
3298:♯
3284:♯
3260:singing
3126:La Juive
2979:Lionel,
2915:Kilian,
2819:Hamlet,
2795:Golaud,
2779:Gérard,
2743:Falstaff
2733:Figaro,
2728:Falstaff
2669:Dunois,
2653:Dr. P.,
2504:Parsifal
2485:Albert,
2456:Amfortas
2354:♭
2348:♭
2328:Dramatic
2293:Renato,
2257:Falstaff
2250:Falstaff
2200:♭
2190:♭
2036:Figaro,
1994:(Mozart)
1985:(Mozart)
1927:Ramiro,
1862:Aeneas,
1833:falsetto
1756:middle C
1739:and the
1620:Olaf Bär
1384:Mountjoy
1325:La Scala
1030:(1890).
896:Parsifal
891:Bayreuth
846:Subtypes
746:Falstaff
498:Falstaff
311:castrato
181:middle C
157:and the
136:baritone
91:Baritone
4503:Soprano
4465:Whistle
4012:13 July
3725:of the
3551:Ko-Ko,
3458:All of
3434:Wotan,
3407:Borodin
3386:Aleko,
3332:Debussy
3314:Fidelio
3235:Zurga,
3230:Wozzeck
3203:Tutor,
3195:Tonio,
3179:Simon,
3059:Peter,
3030:Nabucco
2926:Mazeppa
2878:Mazeppa
2493:Alfio,
2488:Werther
2469:Aleko,
2403:(Bizet)
2394:(Verdi)
2360:Puccini
2288:Nabucco
2280:Macbeth
2208:squillo
2168:Zurga,
2142:Count,
2070:Copland
2044:Rossini
2031:Puccini
1933:(Ravel)
1922:Debussy
1904:L'Orfeo
1901:Orfeo,
1870:Purcell
1522:Bolshoi
1165:Wozzeck
1056:verismo
775:), and
724:the Met
718:); and
553:Macbeth
543:Nabucco
430:Macbeth
418:Nabucco
214:History
144:singing
55:Soprano
4703:Timbre
4647:Treble
4523:Spinto
4250:
4213:
4185:26 May
4100:
3926:
3887:, 1496
3861:
3832:
3721:, and
3573:Luiz,
3420:Wagner
3399:Igor,
3358:Mozart
3345:Gounod
3174:Oberon
2894:Salome
2862:Otello
2859:Iago,
2822:Hamlet
2747:Ford,
2741:Ford,
2712:Carmen
2624:Ernani
2429:Ernani
2400:Carmen
2391:Otello
2388:Iago,
2272:Otello
2269:Iago,
2255:Ford,
2234:Ernani
2137:Mozart
2052:Carmen
1974:Mozart
1878:Carmen
1838:primo
1147:Salome
1106:) and
1104:timbre
983:Carmen
639:Alzira
576:Ernani
492:Otello
424:Ernani
408:); and
298:, and
286:, and
224:sacred
149:whose
47:Female
4630:Sound
4572:Tenor
4518:Lyric
4475:Modal
3687:fifth
3389:Aleko
3340:Faust
3266:from
3214:Faust
3150:Tosca
2974:Manon
2528:Thaïs
2472:Aleko
2452:Wotan
2424:Verdi
2382:Tosca
2351:and E
2183:Verdi
2176:Bizet
2163:Verdi
2098:from
2062:Top,
2057:Bizet
1938:Lyric
1896:Ravel
1883:Bizet
1851:and F
1741:tenor
1710:staff
1647:]
1242:]
1085:Tosca
1001:Thaïs
995:Manon
813:Faust
733:buffo
618:]
393:Norma
166:Greek
159:tenor
147:voice
142:male
86:Tenor
4668:Clef
4637:Bass
4614:Bass
4549:Alto
4447:and
4284:2020
4248:ISBN
4229:2019
4211:ISBN
4187:2023
4131:2024
4098:ISBN
4014:2010
3924:ISBN
3859:ISBN
3830:ISBN
3761:Fach
3699:soul
3631:Sir
3295:or F
3291:to F
2512:Aida
2432:and
2414:The
2343:Fach
2337:to G
2218:Aida
2197:to B
2115:to G
2107:The
2018:Adès
1954:to G
1843:and
1824:Fach
1817:to B
1773:to A
1737:bass
1731:The
1707:bass
1669:and
1657:and
1649:and
1630:and
1614:and
1605:and
1573:and
1540:and
1532:and
1494:USSR
1444:and
1422:and
1382:and
1260:and
1225:and
1182:and
1133:and
958:and
869:and
795:and
783:and
742:Paer
654:Lear
556:and
495:and
486:Aida
305:The
198:to G
155:bass
96:Bass
73:Male
4316:at
4300:at
4078:NPR
3791:Or
3693:In
3678:In
3462:'s
1524:'s
1144:'s
1098:),
1088:),
1078:),
1068:),
1024:'s
1014:'s
877:in
836:'s
767:),
763:'s
4730::
4373:,
4274:.
4270:.
4219:.
4175:68
4173:.
4169:.
4121:.
4117:.
4076:,
3962:,
3912:;
3904:;
3892:^
3876:,
3824:.
3820:.
3729:.
3717:,
3713:,
3709:,
3705:,
2454:;
2444:;
2333:(G
1805:–B
1765:–F
1701:–G
1685:.
1645:de
1638:,
1626:,
1622:,
1565:.
1546:.
1528:.
1485:.
1437:.
1430:.
1418:,
1414:,
1410:,
1362:,
1358:,
1354:,
1350:,
1343:.
1308:,
1304:,
1296:,
1292:,
1288:,
1284:,
1280:,
1276:,
1272:,
1268:,
1256:,
1252:,
1248:,
1244:,
1240:de
1221:,
1217:,
1213:,
1129:,
1125:,
1042:.
954:,
950:,
925:.
865:,
816:,
791:,
748:.
708:;
704:;
616:ca
489:,
483:,
467:,
461:,
451:).
445:,
439:,
433:,
427:,
421:,
396:);
390:,
378:);
372:,
366:,
360:,
354:,
342:);
336:,
294:,
282:,
270:.
190:–F
134:A
4551:)
4547:(
4437:e
4430:t
4423:v
4286:.
4256:.
4231:.
4189:.
4133:.
4016:.
3966:/
3932:.
3808:.
3422:)
3418:(
3409:)
3405:(
3396:)
3392:(
3360:)
3356:(
3347:)
3343:(
3334:)
3330:(
3321:)
3317:(
3302:4
3293:4
3289:2
2339:4
2335:2
2204:4
2195:2
2178:)
2174:(
2165:)
2161:(
2152:)
2148:(
2139:)
2135:(
2117:4
2113:2
2072:)
2068:(
2059:)
2055:(
2046:)
2042:(
2033:)
2029:(
2020:)
2016:(
2007:)
2003:(
1976:)
1972:(
1956:4
1952:2
1948:3
1924:)
1920:(
1911:)
1907:(
1898:)
1894:(
1885:)
1881:(
1872:)
1868:(
1853:4
1849:4
1819:4
1815:3
1811:3
1807:2
1803:2
1775:4
1771:2
1767:4
1762:2
1760:F
1752:4
1748:2
1714:4
1703:4
1699:2
473:/
415:(
402:(
384:(
348:(
330:(
200:4
196:2
192:4
187:2
185:F
173:(
123:e
116:t
109:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.